WO2018193434A1 - Equipment and process for the reduction and final disposal of organic waste by alkaline hydrolysis - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to equipment for reducing organic waste and for its final disposal, such as hazardous hospital waste, anatomic pathological waste, pet corpses, meat waste, human corpses, and reduction and transformation of vegetable material (biomass) in organic fertilizers and soil improvers, characterised in that it comprises a vault-like reduction chamber (2) above a rectangular U-shaped thermal chamber (3). These chambers are separated by a board (4), wherein the rear portion of the board (4) has a longitudinal, central slot joined to a channel (41) with a semicircular bottom, in which the resistor (5) is arranged, and this channel (41) in turn comprises an outlet (42) through which the processed material is withdrawn, the channel (41) being located in the inner portion of the U formed by the thermal chamber (3). The invention also relates to the reduction and final disposal process carried out with the equipment described. The equipment has the advantage of a low water and energy consumption, and of eliminating the emission of dioxins, carbon dioxide and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) into the atmosphere; it also makes it possible to obtain saponified fats and tallows that can be directly used to manufacture other by-products such as soap, degreasers and detergents, and high-grade calcium for preparing fertilizers, mineralised salt, concentrates, etc.

Description

 EQUIPMENT AND PROCESS FOR THE REDUCTION AND FINAL DISPOSAL OF ORGANIC WASTE BY ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS

Field of technique

The present invention relates to equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste, such as hazardous hospital waste, pathological anatomical waste, skeletal reduction of pets, meat, skeletal reduction of humans, and reduction and transformation of plant material (biomass) in organic fertilizers and soil improvers. This equipment has the advantage of presenting a low consumption of water and energy, and eliminating the emission of dioxins, carbon dioxide and persistent organic compounds (POPs) into the atmosphere.

Additionally, the equipment allows fats and tallows, derived from the reduction of meat waste from Animal Benefit Plants, to be saponified for the immediate manufacture of other by-products such as soap, degreasers and detergents, and that calcium, obtained in bone reduction, be of optimum quality for the preparation of fertilizers, mineralized salt, concentrates, etc.

State of the art In the field of cremation equipment, which would be the main use of the equipment of the present invention are numerous documents directed to combustion cremation furnaces. Among them, the oven reported in GB 1341044 stands out, which has a burner for the collection of cremation waste, which is mobile in order to allow the residue to fall from the oven. The furnace of this application is cylindrical and has a plate that divides the inner chamber of the oven at the top of cremation and the bottom of collection. However, since the equipment is combustion, the removal or spraying of the corpse is accompanied by the emission of pollutants, especially dioxins. Another request related to cremation is European application EP 0454513 (D2), which discloses a furnace for the treatment of waste that can be incinerated, wherein said furnace comprises a crucible provided with a heating device, a conduit for the delivery of the waste opening at the bottom of the crucible, a conduit for draining a bath opening in the crucible, at a level above the mouth of the conduit for delivery of the waste. In this device, the upper part of the crucible is connected to a combustion chamber made of refractory material, where the chamber communicates, by means of a labyrinth passage defined in a refractory vault, towards the upper part, with a chamber of discharge and a delivery duct containing oxygen opening to the combustion chamber. Again, the reported equipment is a combustion equipment, where the removal or spraying of the body is accompanied by the emission of pollutants, especially dioxins. Likewise, there is the application KR 2010002171 1 which teaches an apparatus for the disposal of bodies that uses a heater provided to reduce the assembly time when coupling a cover and a heating oven with a rotating cover cylinder, wherein said apparatus waste includes a body or carcass heating furnace with an inlet and a water storage space; a heating unit, which heats the water in the water storage space; a cover unit, which closes the entrance of the body heater oven; a pressure gauge, which measures the oven pressure and shows the measured pressure; a heater control unit, which controls the operation of the heating unit according to the oven pressure; and a pressure safety unit, which keep the oven pressure below the predetermined pressure. Although this team incorporates the concept of internal resistances inside the chamber, combustion is the basis for the elimination of waste, which implies the emission into the atmosphere of dioxins and other pollutants. Additionally, the amount of water and energy required in this case is very high.

In addition to the documents mentioned above, the application KR 20100053396, related to a cremation incinerator using microwaves, is provided, which is provided to produce strong crystals by removing iron dust from the ashes, where said incinerator has a shape substantially cylindrical and allows to creme and crush the remains in ashes. Said oven has a ceramic plate, where the ashes are located and the microwaves are applied through a metal plate at the bottom of the oven to heat said ashes, then apply cold and cool them for a predetermined time, forming the cooled material in circular crystals in a post-treatment device. In this case, the incineration is based on the use of microwaves and a series of ceramic and metal plates, which allow to apply a treatment of abrupt temperature changes to form crystals, a fact that implies the use of complex technologies and a large consumption of energy, which in the end represents an increase in operating costs.

The equipment mentioned above is combustion-based equipment, which implies the emission of air pollutants resulting from cremation, such as dioxins, carbon dioxide, sulfur and many other polluting substances difficult to control with current technology and which are part of the so-called group of greenhouse gases (GHG). Among them, the ones with the greatest negative impact on the environment are dioxins, which belong to the so-called "dirty dozen," a group of hazardous chemicals that are part of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Dioxins are found in the environment and accumulate in the food chain, mainly in the adipose tissue of animals, where they are very soluble. Once in the food, dioxins become highly harmful to humans, who are exposed to them when they consume meat and dairy products, fish and shellfish. This fact has led many national authorities to implement programs to monitor food items, since dioxins have high toxicity and can cause reproductive and developmental problems, affect the immune system, interfere with hormones and thereby cause cancer, which has led experts to consider them as one of the most dangerous substances. To the point that the Stockholm protocol obliges member countries to reduce POPs to a maximum, especially dioxins.

Thus, a technology was required that allowed the reduction and final disposal of organic waste that would not generate atmospheric emissions or odors.

Aware of this situation, the invention of the Spanish patent ES2371990 was developed, which refers to an incineration process based on alkaline hydrolysis. The application in question refers to a hydrolysis unit and a coffin for use in an alkaline hydrolysis process. The coffin comprises a dissolvable receptacle for the corpse, the receptacle being dissolvable in the alkaline hydrolysis process.

This application also describes the method of disposition of the body, which includes the steps of placing the body in a coffin comprising a dissolvable receptacle; place the coffin in an alkaline hydrolysis unit; and add water with the chemical, which is potassium hydroxide, in the alkaline hydrolysis unit. This is to break the corpse into a liquid component and a residual bone component and to dissolve the dissolvable coffin receptacle by alkaline hydrolysis. According to the description, the alkaline hydrolysis unit (10) comprises a stainless steel pressure vessel (12), with a capacity of 304L / 316L, reaches a working temperature of 180 ° C and has a door (14) Stainless steel with a handle (16). The pressure vessel (12) is mounted on a mobile platform, that is, the pressure vessel (12) has legs (18) and a mobile platform (20). The legs (18) are provided with lifting supports (22). The pressure vessel is hollow, and defines a chamber (24) within the pressure vessel (12). Inside the chamber (24) there is a spray bar (26), which is mounted on the top of the chamber (24). The spray bar (26) is elongated, and has nozzles (28) distributed throughout its length. The spray bar (26) has a water inlet (30).

At the bottom and end of the chamber (24), in the position furthest from the door (14), there is a drain (32) in the form of an opening in the chamber (24). The drain (32) is connected to an outlet duct. The position of the drain away from the door (14) allows a simple wash. In addition, in the chamber (24) there is a hollow heating / cooling tube (34), this heating / cooling tube (34) is connected at both ends to a duct system. Hot water, hot steam, or cold water can be passed through the heating / cooling tube (34), to regulate the temperature of the chamber (24), as necessary.

In an alternative of the invention, the unit (10) comprises a bone retention tray (1 10) comprising a flat tray part 1 12 that receives the coffin and a head retention means 1 14, which are in general a perforated stainless steel mesh. Tray piece 1 12 is approximately the same length and width as a coffin and is substantially flat, except that its two longitudinal edges are inclined upward about 30 degrees. These upwardly inclined edges form rails 1 16, which are provided with slide guides of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to allow tray 1 10 to be inserted easily in, and removed from the alkaline hydrolysis unit 10. The rails 1 16 may be integrally formed in the rest of the flat tray part 1 12, or they may be formed separately and fixed thereto.

In addition to the foregoing and according to claims 13 and 16, the method of incineration using alkaline hydrolysis was already known, where the body is placed inside the chamber (24) and it is fed with the chemical mixture, added water and the interior of the alkaline hydrolysis unit (10) is heated; keeping at least a certain amount of heat created; and for use use it when the alkaline hydrolysis unit (10) is used for a posterior corpse.

Despite the progress that the ES2371990 patent represented at the time, the amount of water, energy and the amount of gas required make the process carried out in this equipment expensive, since it is required to fill, heat and pressurize the inside of the container ( 12). Additionally, it is desired to have a team and a process that reduces the reduction times and, therefore, makes the process more efficient.

The equipment of the present invention not only overcomes the problems associated with the costs and process times, but also allows us to obtain from the reduction of meat residues from the bovine animals benefit plants, saponified by-products for immediate manufacture of new products such as Soap, degreasers and others. In addition to the above, the calcium obtained in the bone reduction of the same process is of optimum quality for the production of fertilizers, mineralized salt, concentrates, etc.

Description of the figures.

For a better understanding of the invention, the following figures are included: Figure 1: Rear view of the equipment (1) of the present invention without the back cover (22). Figure 2: Cross section of the equipment (1) of the present invention.

Figure 3: Longitudinal section of the equipment (1) of the present invention.

Figure 4: Rear view of the equipment of the present invention where the rear cover (21) is shown, with the thread attachment point

(21 1) of the resistance (5).

Figure 5: Front perspective of the equipment of the present invention, without the front door (25)

Figure 6A: Front view of the front cover (25) that closes the equipment of the present invention.

Figure 6B: Side view of the front cover (25) that closes the equipment of the present invention.

Figure 7A: Front view of an alternative front cover (25A) that closes the equipment of the present invention. Figure 7B: Side view of an alternative front cover (25A) that closes the equipment of the present invention.

Figure 7C: Front view of the equipment of the present invention, without the front door (25A) and with the screw (25A7), which secures the cover (25A)

Figure 8: Iron (4) of the equipment of the present invention Figure 9: Thermal chamber (3) of the equipment of the present invention.

Description Detail

The present invention consists of an equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) comprising in its upper part a reduction chamber (2), vault type, and in its lower part a thermal chamber (3) in the form of " U "rectangular, said chambers are separated by a plate (4), where the plate (4) has a longitudinal central section attached to a channel (41) with a semicircular bottom, where the resistance (5) is housed, and this channel (41) has an exit hole (42), through which the material resulting from the process is extracted, where the plate (4) is placed so that the channel (41) is located in the inside of the "U" of the thermal chamber (3), the latter has a burner (31) and an outlet (32), as shown in Figures 1 and 2

The channel (41) generates an internal space that coincides with the junction point (21 1), welded to the back cover (21) of the reduction chamber (2). Through said junction point (21 1) the resistance (5) is introduced, which fixes its position by means of the resistance flange (51), which is threaded at the junction point (21 1), ensuring that said resistance , which goes inside the reduction chamber (2), stays in the channel (41) and is at the same level as the iron (4). Preferably, the resistance (5) uses 13.5 Kw / h. The detail of the position of the resistance (5) inside the reduction chamber and the entry point thereof can be seen in Figures 3 and 4.

The reduction chamber (2) has in its front part an external track (22) with an internal track (23) and a closing ring (24), shown in Figures 3 and 5. The closing ring (24) is attached to the front surface of the outer race (22), has a gasket (221), said ring (24) has pins (241) where it adjusts the cover (25)

In one embodiment of the invention, said front cover (25) is a spider-type door, with a locking system (252), which includes a handle (253), pins (254) and pivoting bars (255). The pivot bars (255) extend or contract depending on the direction in which the handle (253) is rotated. When the cover (25) is adjusted and the handle is turned to close the reduction chamber (2), the pivoting bars (255) extend into the closing ring (24) and the pins (241) lock the bars and seal the chamber (2). Simultaneously, the inner cover (251) of the front cover (25) seals against the inner race (23). This combination of cover (25) and back cover (251) is the one that guarantees a double seal that prevents any leakage of the material that is inside the chamber (2). The elements mentioned above are shown in Figures 5 and 6A / 6B.

In another embodiment of the invention, the front cover (25A) comprises a back cover (25A1), which seals the reduction chamber with the inner race (23), the back cover (25A1) fixed by a screw (25A2) that passes through the cover front (25A) by means of a bushing with internal thread (25A3). At the rear end of the screw (25A2), there is a box with inner bearing (25A4), which is welded to the back cover (25A1) and allows the screw (25A2) to turn freely on it and the bushing thread (25A3) Push the screw (25A2), which is turned by the action of an external flywheel (25A5). The mechanism reaches the center of the back cover (25A1), that is, above the center of the front cover (25A). Additionally, this cover (25A1) has a side groove (25A6), which allows the previous closing of said cover (25A1), fixing it by means of a screw (25A7) that comes out on the front track (23) and is tightened with a female handwheel smaller, which is not shown in the figures. Once the front cover (25A) is closed, the internal cover (25A1) is adjusted by turning the handwheel (25A5) with the screw (25A2) to seal the reduction chamber (2). Also, the lid (25A) It presents a guide of the back cover (25A8), which guarantees that the back cover (25A1) does not turn while the screw (25A2) is turning. Complementing this modality, the elements mentioned above are shown in Figures 7A / 7B / 7C.

In addition to the aforementioned elements, the reduction chamber (2), comprises other inputs (26) to which control elements such as, manometer, thermometer, pressure switch, thermostat, relief or safety valve, bypass, pump are connected empty, mix input among others. Likewise, said reduction chamber (2) is characterized by having a coating (27) and can include a level of water in glass (28) or internal sensors that determines the level of liquid or mixture inside it.

In an alternative of the invention, the plate (4) has an inclination (43) towards the central area, specifically towards the channel (41), in order to facilitate that all waste slides towards the channel (41) and from there it can be removed through the exit orifice (42), allowing no debris to accumulate in the reduction chamber (2), once the process is finished. The dimensions of said hole (42) range from 5 cm to 13 cm, preferably 7.62 cm (3 inches). The different angles of inclination (43) can be observed in Figures 2, 3 and 7.

As for the thermal chamber (3), this is an open chamber in its upper part, as illustrated in Figure 8, the closing of the chamber is given by the iron (4), which acts as the roof of the thermal chamber (3) and floor of the reduction chamber (2). The thermal chamber (3) is made of refractory material, to conserve heat, it is powered by a burner (31) of 250,000 btu or 400,000 btu, depending on the need, and has an outlet (32), which allows heat to be removed generated inside the thermal chamber (3). Said outlet (32) is connected to a chimney that has a vent (321) and a flange (322). Due to the heat output of the burner (3), it burns on average eight (8) minutes during the process; 4 minutes at the beginning to preheat the equipment and 4 minutes to dry the residue, and remove moisture to the treated waste by means of a vacuum pump, connected to one of the inlets of the reduction chamber, these ignition times cause gas consumption be minimal, and therefore the costs related to this resource are absolutely low.

In another embodiment of the invention, the equipment (1) includes a perforated sheet (8), preferably in aluminum since this material provides a good heat transfer. The sheet (8) is supported by weighing cell-type springs (81), which provide information on the weight of the material to be treated. The number of springs (81) ranges from 6 to 10 springs. Said sheet (8) is located on the plate (4), maintaining a distance ranging from 5 cm to 10 cm. The length and width of the sheet (8) corresponds between 80% and 95% of the dimensions of the plate (4). Optionally, said sheet (8) has an unevenness (82) towards the lateral edges of the reduction chamber (2).

In an alternative of the invention the equipment comprises a feeder mixing tank (7), previously graduated, where the alkali is mixed with the water and said tank (7) is connected to the reduction chamber (2) by joints, universal, elbows , Ts and pipes (71) and sends the mixture to the reduction chamber (2) by means of a centrifugal pump (not shown in the figures) controlled by valves that reach one of the inlets (26) of said reduction chamber (2) ). Preferably, said joints and pipes are on average 1.27 cm (0.5 inch).

In an alternative invention, the equipment comprises a condensing tank (91) for the treatment of spills, because although they leave the unit with parameters that are within the values allowed by the standard, the condenser allows the liquid discharge and controlled, which is desirable in the extreme case that any of the parameters of the Shedding is outside the values admitted in the standard, as could be the case with the temperature parameter.

In an alternative invention, one of the inlets (26) to the reduction chamber (2) is connected to a vacuum pump (92), which also contributes to the quick and clean drying of the treated waste, especially when it comes to resulting ashes of the skeletal reduction of corpses, both human and pet or others, or of the bone resulting from the reduction of meat. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the whole set of equipment (1) is supported by a base formed by a metal structure, preferably with wheels, which provides the height according to the stretcher where both human and pet corpses will be moved, according to the case. In addition to the elements already mentioned, the unit (10) comprises an electrical control panel that regulates the resistance supply (5), the burner (31) and the filling pump of the feeder tank (7), where the alkaline mixture In another alternative of the invention, the relief valve connected to one of the inlets (26), is calibrated slightly above other control elements, such as the manometer, thermometer, pressure switch and thermostat, in order to avoid Accidents in extreme cases. Likewise, the equipment (1) of the present invention may optionally comprise a brake located on the electrical control panel, which allows the operator to close the energy passage in the event that any emergency occurs. Preferably the equipment is built in 304 stainless steel of different sizes and sizes and the slab is made of carbon steel. On the other hand, the process for the reduction and final disposal of organic waste by alkaline hydrolysis, which comprises the steps of:

A. Insert the material to be reduced and / or transform into the reduction chamber (2) and seal said chamber (2),

 B. Apply the alkali to a previously graduated feeder tank (7), C1. Feed the reduction chamber (2) with the alkali solution from the feeder tank (7),

 C2 Simultaneously, turn on the gas burner (31) of the thermal chamber (3) covered by the iron (4) to preheat the reduction chamber (2) for 3 to 10 minutes, while the feeder tank (7) ends the stage filling,

 D. Turn on the resistance to raise the temperature and pressure inside the chamber until reaching the pre-established values for each reduction, depending on the material to be processed and / or transformed, for 45 to 75 minutes.

 E. Conduct the alkaline vapor resulting from the process, which carries the waste with it to a condenser, where the separation of solids and / or fats is carried out according to the treated waste and a neutral discharge is generated that can be sent to the sewer or eliminated by solar evaporation or forced mechanical evaporation, which reduces the spill to zero, and

 F. Depressurize the equipment immediately.

The material to be reduced and / or transformed is selected from the group consisting of organic waste, hazardous hospital, biological, pathological, pet, meat, corpse, exhumations or any other waste. In a preferred embodiment, the control accessories are previously calibrated to the necessary pressure and temperature, so that the equipment is automatically turned off in the event that the equipment operator is neglected and the pressure and temperature reach the set limit. However, controls such as pressure gauge and thermometer are calibrated so that the operator can complete the process at any time, preventing the equipment from reaching the limit values calibrated on the pressure switch and / or the thermostat.

In an optional stage, for greater drying and better presentation of the calcium residue (ashes) resulting from the reduction of pets, meat and the like, the burner can be turned on again for 2 minutes and simultaneously, turn on a vacuum pump that goes connected to the equipment for this purpose. The total reduction time depends on the amount of waste that is being processed, but the estimated values fluctuate between 20 and 100 minutes, the average reduction time for pets being between 45 to 60 minutes, while the reduction time for human bodies It ranges from 80 to 100 minutes.

EXAMPLES

In order to demonstrate the functionality and advantages of the equipment of the present invention, the applicant advanced several tests. Among them, the process of reduction and final disposition of bovine animals, which included the head with horns and the extremities with hooves, are two materials that are difficult to reduce and dispose.

Based on the results of the aforementioned test, the following comparative table was prepared, which covers the main parameters for skeletal reduction of corpses and confronts them against the incineration equipment of Resomatión, company requesting the Spanish patent ES2371990 and leader in the development of equipment and incineration processes based on alkaline hydrolysis. The data collected are as follows:

As can be established from the results set forth, the equipment of the present invention far exceeds the parameters required by the closest equipment in the state of the art. In addition to the above, the tests carried out allowed us to establish that gas consumption is minimal, since it is only used for 4 minutes at the beginning of the process and 2 to 3 minutes at the end of the process, which significantly reduces the costs associated with this resource and therefore, the costs of the total process, especially when compared to the costs of the Resomation process, which requires electrical energy for its operation.

Additionally, the applicant established that, with the initial preheating, the process time is optimized since the desired temperature and pressure are reached very quickly for the total reduction, the decrease of these times allows the equipment of the present invention to achieve the reduction total in times less than 90 minutes, while the Resomation team uses at least 30 more minutes to achieve similar results.

Similarly, a relevant benefit of the equipment disclosed here is that it is 100% environmentally friendly, since it includes landfill management, while the waste from the Resomation-developed device goes directly to the sewer.

Another advantage of the present invention over other equipment, including the apparatus reported in ES2371990, is that once the process is finished, the equipment can be depressurized immediately, since the alkaline vapors and residues resulting from the process are sent to a dumping tank where it condenses, solids and fats are separated among others and finally, the arrangement of them is made.

Likewise, it is convenient that there is a feeder tank (7), independent of the reduction chamber (2), that allows to apply and mix the appropriate amount of alkali for each process, and is designed so that the alkali returns, when it is preparing organic fertilizer, since it is mineralized there according to the desired formulation.

In addition to the benefits already mentioned, water consumption is minimal, since only the amount that covers the waste to be treated is used and this in turn has been calculated in the mixer feeder tank, there is no need to fully fill the cylinder Therefore, there is no waste. The tests carried out have determined that the process is carried out with 2/3 of the water of the total volume of the chamber. In the same way, the consumption of electrical energy is reduced remarkably, since only one half of the cylinder has to be pressurized, that is to say the single reduction chamber, which is achieved with a resistance of 13kw / h. Finally, the tests carried out allow us to affirm that this is the only equipment that transforms the organic waste into organic fertilizer and soil improvers in just 45 minutes or less, depending on the waste to be treated

Claims

An equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) characterized in that it comprises in its upper part a reduction chamber (2), vault type, and in its lower part a thermal chamber (3) in the form of a rectangular "U", Said chambers are separated by an iron (4), where the iron (4) has a longitudinal central section attached to a channel (41) with a semicircular bottom, where the resistance (5) is housed, and this channel ( 41) in turn has an exit orifice (42) through which the material resulting from the process is extracted, where the plate (4) is placed so that the channel (41) is located inside the " U "of the thermal chamber (3), which has a burner (31) and an outlet (32). The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the channel (41) generates an internal space that coincides with the junction point (21 1), welded to the back cover (21 ) of the reduction chamber (2), the resistance (5) enters the chamber (2) through said junction point (21 1) and remains fixed in its position within the channel (41), at the same level of the plate (4), by means of the flange (51) that is threaded at the point of attachment (21 1), The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the reduction chamber (2) has on its front an external track (22), with a gasket (221), a track internal (23), a closing ring (24) and a front cover (25). The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the closure ring (24) is attached to the front surface of the outer race (22) and has pins (241), where the pivot bars (255) of the lid adjust front (25), while the inner back cover (251) of the front cover (25) seals against the inner race (23). The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to claim 3 or claim 4, characterized in that the front door (25) comprises a closing system (252), which includes a handle (253), pins (254) and pivot bars (255). The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the front cover (25A) comprises a back cover (25A1), which seals the reduction chamber with the inner race (23), said back cover (25A1) is fixed by means of a screw (25A2), which crosses the front cover (25A) by means of an internal threaded bushing (25A3), the screw (25A2) has a housing with inner bearing (25A4) at the rear end, which is welded to the back cover (25A1) and allows the screw (25A2) to turn freely on itself while the bushing thread (25A3) pushes the screw (25A2), which rotates by the action of an external flywheel (25A5). The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the front cover (25A) has a side groove (25A6), which allows the lid (25A1) to be closed by means of a screw ( 25A7), which comes out on the front track (23) and is tightened with a smaller female steering wheel. The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the cover (25A) has a guide of the back cover (25A8), which ensures that the back cover (25A1) does not rotate while the screw (25A2) is spinning. 9. The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reduction chamber (2) has a coating (27). 10. The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reduction chamber (2) also comprises inputs (26) to which control elements are connected such as, pressure gauge, thermometer, pressure switch, thermostat, relief or safety valve, bypass, vacuum pump, among others. eleven . The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the reduction chamber (2) additionally includes a level of water in glass or internal sensors that determines the level of liquid or mixture at inside of it. 12. The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate (4) has an inclination (43) towards the central area, specifically towards the channel (41), to facilitate that all waste slides into the channel (41) and from there it can be removed through the exit hole (42). 13. The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that the diameter of the hole (42) ranges from 5 cm to 13 cm. 14. The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal chamber (3) is open at its top and the chamber is closed by the plate (4) , which acts as a roof of the thermal chamber (3) and floor of the reduction chamber (2). 15. The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal chamber (3) is made of refractory material and is fed by a burner (31) of 250,000 btu or 400,000 btu. 16. The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to claim 14, characterized in that the thermal chamber (3) has an outlet (32), connected to a chimney having a vent (321) and a flange (322). 17. The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a perforated sheet (8), supported by weighing cell-type springs (81). 18. The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of springs (81) ranges from 6 to 10 springs. 19. The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to claim 17, characterized in that the sheet (8) is located on the plate (4) maintaining a distance ranging from 5 cm to 10 cm. 20. The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to claim 17, characterized in that the length and width of the sheet (8) corresponds between 80% and 95% of the dimensions of the plate (4 ). twenty-one . The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that sheet (8) has an unevenness (82) towards the lateral edges of the reduction chamber (2). 22. The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheet (8) is an aluminum sheet. 23. The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it also comprises a feed tank (7), previously graduated, where the alkali is mixed with the water, joined to the reduction chamber (2) by joints, universal, elbows, Ts and pipes (71) controlled by valves that reach one of the inlets (26) of said reduction chamber (2). 24. The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to claim 23, characterized in that the joints and pipes are on average 1, 27 cm (0.5 inch). 25. The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it also comprises a condensing tank (91) for the treatment of spills. 26. The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a vacuum pump (92), connected to one of the inlets (26) to the chamber of reduction (2). 27. The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a base formed by a metal structure with wheels. 28. The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises an electrical control panel that regulates the resistance supply (5), the burner (31) and the filling pump of the feeder tank (7), where the alkaline mixture is made. 29. The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it also comprises a brake located on the electrical control panel, which allows the operator to close the energy passage in the event that any emergency arises. 30. The equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the equipment is constructed in 304 stainless steel of different sizes and sizes, and the slab is made of carbon steel. 31. A process for the reduction and final disposal of organic waste by alkaline hydrolysis, which includes the steps of: A. Insert the material to be reduced and / or transform into the reduction chamber (2) and seal said chamber (2), B. Apply the alkali to a previously graduated feeder tank (7), C1. Feed the reduction chamber (2) with the alkali solution from the feeder tank (7), C2 Simultaneously, turn on the gas burner (31) of the thermal chamber (3) covered by the iron (4) to preheat the reduction chamber (2) for 3 to 10 minutes, while the feeder tank (7) ends the stage filling,  D. Turn on the resistance to raise the temperature and pressure inside the chamber until reaching the pre-established values for each reduction, depending on the material to be processed and / or transformed, which takes between 45 to 75.  E. Conduct the alkaline vapor resulting from the process, which carries the waste with it to a condenser, where the separation of solids and / or fats is carried out according to the treated waste and a neutral discharge is generated that can be sent to the sewer or eliminated by solar evaporation or forced mechanical evaporation, which reduces the spill to zero, and  F. Depressurize the equipment immediately. 32. The process for the reduction and final disposal of organic waste by alkaline hydrolysis of claim 31, which comprises a step G), in which the burner (31) is ignited again for 1 to 5 minutes, simultaneously a light is ignited. Vacuum pump that is connected to the equipment to dry matter and improve the presentation of calcium residue (ashes), resulting from the reduction of pets, meat and the like. 33. The process for the reduction and final disposal of organic waste by alkaline hydrolysis of claim 31, characterized in that the total reduction time ranging between 20 and 100 minutes. 34. The process for the reduction and final disposal of organic waste by alkaline hydrolysis of claim 33, characterized in that the Pet reduction time is 45 to 60 minutes, while the reduction time for human bodies ranges from 80 to 100 minutes.