WO2018179556A1 - スパッタリングターゲット及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
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- WO2018179556A1 WO2018179556A1 PCT/JP2017/039402 JP2017039402W WO2018179556A1 WO 2018179556 A1 WO2018179556 A1 WO 2018179556A1 JP 2017039402 W JP2017039402 W JP 2017039402W WO 2018179556 A1 WO2018179556 A1 WO 2018179556A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sputtering target and a manufacturing method thereof. More specifically, the present invention relates to an IGZO sputtering target and a manufacturing method thereof.
- the IGZO thin film is expected to be applied as a thin film transistor, and has been particularly interested in application to a display.
- This IGZO thin film is mainly formed by sputtering.
- generation of particles may cause a pattern defect or the like.
- the most common cause of the generation of particles is abnormal discharge (arcing) that occurs during sputtering.
- arcing abnormal discharge
- the surrounding target material where arcing has occurred is released from the target in a cluster (cluster) form. And the target material of this cluster state will adhere to a board
- JP-A-2014-125422 the diffraction intensity ratio of the incident angle (2 ⁇ ) in X-ray diffraction is controlled for the purpose of improving the characteristic variation of the IGZO thin film and improving the generation of cracks during target production and sputtering. Disclosure.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an IGZO sputtering target in which the occurrence of arcing is further suppressed as compared with the prior art.
- the structural structure of a sintered body of an IGZO target (immediately after sintering) generally has an altered layer on the surface portion of the target. And this altered layer has many intragranular cracks. Therefore, the surface alteration layer is usually removed by sufficiently grinding the surface.
- invention 1 An IGZO sputtering target containing In, Ga, Zn, O, In atomic ratio 0.30 ⁇ In / (In + Ga + Zn) ⁇ 0.36, 0.30 ⁇ Ga / (In + Ga + Zn) ⁇ 0.36, 0.30 ⁇ Zn / (In + Ga + Zn) ⁇ 0.36, Is an IGZO sputtering target,
- the relative density is 96% or more
- the average grain size of crystal grains on the surface of the sputtering target is 30.0 ⁇ m or less, and the difference in grain size on the surface of the sputtering target is 20% or less (1.0 ⁇ Dmax / Dmin ⁇ 1.2).
- invention 3 A method for manufacturing an IGZO sputtering target, the method comprising: Sintering a molded body having the composition of the element according to invention 1 or 2 at 1300-1500 ° C. for 5-24 hours; Grinding the sintered body; Including The sintering step includes holding the compact at 800 ° C. to 1000 ° C.
- the grinding step further includes additional grinding of 0.5 mm or more after the warp is eliminated. Manufacturing method of IGZO sputtering target.
- the present invention has a particle size difference of 20% or less on the sputtering target surface. Thereby, arcing etc. at the time of sputtering can be suppressed. In one aspect, the present invention provides a strength difference of 20% or less on the sputtering target surface. Thereby, generation
- the shape of the sputtering target is a flat plate. In a further embodiment, the shape of the sputtering target is a rectangular flat plate.
- the sputtering target is an IGZO sputtering target containing In, Ga, Zn, and O.
- the IGZO sputtering target can include In, Ga, and Zn in the following atomic ratios. 0.30 ⁇ In / (In + Ga + Zn) ⁇ 0.36 0.30 ⁇ Ga / (In + Ga + Zn) ⁇ 0.36 0.30 ⁇ Zn / (In + Ga + Zn) ⁇ 0.36
- Sn and / or Zr may be included as the balance.
- the content may be, for example, 1000 ppm by mass or less, preferably 500 ppm by mass or less, respectively, typically 400 ppm by mass or less for Sn and / or 200 ppm by mass or less for Zr. . Although it does not specifically limit about a lower limit, For example, each may be 0 mass ppm or more, typically 100 mass ppm or more about Zr, and / or 300 mass ppm or more about Sn.
- XRF fluorescent X-ray analysis
- ICP emission spectral analysis
- the IGZO sputtering target has a homologous crystal structure.
- the homologous structure refers to a hexagonal-based layered structure represented by a composition formula of InGaO 3 (ZnO) m (m is a natural number of 1 to 20) in the case of an oxide containing In, Ga, and Zn. .
- the IGZO sputtering target has a homologous crystal structure at a rate of 80% or more, more preferably 85% or more.
- the presence or absence of a homologous crystal structure can be determined by detecting a peak with XRD.
- the IGZO sputtering target has a peak corresponding to InGaZnO 4 when analyzed by XRD (a peak shift such as strain may be ⁇ 1 °).
- the IGZO sputtering target when analyzed by XRD, does not match with InGaZnO 4 (it does not match even when considering peak shift such as strain) and the peak of InGaZnO 4
- the ratio to strength is 20% or less (preferably 15% or less).
- the measurement conditions of the XRD may be as follows, for example.
- X-ray diffractometer Rigaku Corporation's fully automatic horizontal multi-purpose X-ray diffractometer SmartLab (X-ray source: Cu line); Goniometer: Ultima IV ⁇ Tube voltage: 40kV ⁇ Tube current: 30mA, ⁇ Scanning speed: 5 ° / min, ⁇ Step: 0.02 °
- each peak intensity is calculated by removing the background from the data obtained by X-ray diffraction.
- the Sonneveld-Visser method can be used as the background removal method.
- IGZO sputtering target having a homologous crystal structure can be manufactured by sintering the raw material at the temperature described later, which is composed of the above-described atomic ratio of In, Ga, and Zn.
- the crystal grain size of the IGZO sputtering target is 30.0 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 25.0 ⁇ m or less. Within these ranges, particles and cracks can be appropriately suppressed. Although it does not specifically limit about a lower limit, Typically, it may be 5.0 micrometers or more, or 7.0 micrometers or more.
- the particle size of the observation site that is, the front and back surfaces of each section is calculated.
- the particle diameter calculation on the front and back surfaces is performed in each section (18 sections), the particle diameters of the nine sections on the surface are defined as D1 to D9, and the particle diameters of the nine sections on the back surface are defined as D10 to D18.
- the maximum and minimum of the difference in particle size of the target material are calculated from the particle size measurement values at the 18 locations.
- the average particle size of the target is calculated from Lsum / Nsum from the total Nsum and Lsum of N and L of each sample.
- the difference in crystal grain size of the IGZO sputtering target is 20% or less. Preferably, it is 15% or less.
- the difference in crystal grain size described in this specification can be expressed by the ratio (Dmax / Dmin) between the maximum value Dmax and the minimum value Dmin among the crystal grain sizes D1 to D18 described above. Although it does not prescribe
- the relative density of an IGZO sputtering target is 96% or more, Preferably, it is 96.3% or more. When it is 96% or more, the occurrence of arcing is further suppressed.
- the upper limit is not particularly defined, but may typically be 100% or less, 99% or less, 98% or less, or 97% or less.
- the relative density mentioned in this specification was calculated by (actual density / true density) ⁇ 100 (%).
- the “measured density” was measured using the Archimedes method.
- the “true density” is calculated from the analysis value (weight% ratio) of each element of the target in terms of each oxide, In 2 O 3 , Ga 2 O 3 , and ZnO.
- the density of each oxide used was In 2 O 3 : 7.18 g / cm 3 , Ga 2 O 3 : 6.44 g / cm 3 , and ZnO: 5.61 g / cm 3 .
- the bending strength of the IGZO sputtering target is 40 to 100 MPa, more preferably 70 to 100 MPa.
- the bending strength is measured by dividing the material into nine parts in the same manner as the crystal grain size. More specifically, the center part of nine sections (vertical 3 equal parts ⁇ horizontal 3 equal parts) is cut out so as to have a sample size to be described later.
- the bending strength values measured from the samples cut out from each of the nine sections are defined as S1 to S9, respectively.
- the average value of S1 to S9 is taken as the bending strength of the IGZO sputtering target.
- the bending strength can be measured in accordance with JIS R 1601.
- the thickness of the sample is set to 3 mm.
- the same amount is ground from the front surface and the back surface.
- a sample is cut out from the center part of each division so that it may become a rectangular size of 4x40 mm. Specifically, it is as follows. (Measurement conditions of bending strength) Test method: 3-point bending test fulcrum distance: 30 mm Sample size: 3x4x40mm Head speed: 0.5 mm / min
- the difference in bending strength of the IGZO sputtering target may be 20% or less. More preferably, it may be 16% or less. Even if the target material has a large bending strength as a whole, if there is a portion where the bending strength is partially small, there is a possibility that a crack will be generated therefrom. However, since the IGZO sputtering target of the present invention has a difference in bending strength of 20% or less, generation of cracks can be more effectively suppressed.
- the difference in bending strength described in this specification can be expressed by the ratio (Smax / Smin) between the maximum value Smax and the minimum value Smin among the bending strengths S1 to S9 described above. Although it does not prescribe
- a powder containing In, Ga, and Zn can be used. More specifically, an In compound powder, a Ga compound powder, or a Zn compound powder can be used. Alternatively, a powder containing a combination of these elements may be used.
- the In compound powder include indium oxide and indium hydroxide.
- the Ga compound powder include gallium oxide and gallium nitrate.
- the Zn compound powder include zinc oxide and zinc hydroxide. About compounding quantity, what is necessary is just the quantity which can implement
- the raw powder can be pulverized and mixed using a dry method or a wet method.
- the dry method include a dry method using balls and beads such as zirconia, alumina, and nylon resin.
- the wet method includes a media stirring mill using the above-described balls and beads.
- examples of the wet method include medialess container rotation type, mechanical stirring type, and air flow type wet methods.
- the wet method is generally superior in pulverization and mixing ability compared to the dry method. Therefore, it is preferable to perform mixing using a wet method.
- the particle size after pulverization is not particularly limited, but the smaller the particle size, the higher the relative density, which is desirable. Further, if the pulverization is insufficient, each component is segregated in the manufactured target, so that a high resistivity region and a low resistivity region exist. This causes abnormal discharge such as arcing due to charging in the high resistivity region during sputtering film formation. Therefore, sufficient mixing and grinding are necessary.
- the mixed powder is filled in a mold and uniaxially pressed under the condition that the surface pressure is 400 to 1000 kgf / cm 2 and held for 1 to 3 minutes to obtain a molded body. If the surface pressure is less than 400 kgf / cm 2 , a molded body having a sufficient density cannot be obtained. Further, a surface pressure exceeding 1000 kgf / cm 2 is not particularly required for production. In other words, even if an excessive surface pressure is applied, the density of the molded body is hardly improved beyond a certain value. In addition, when a surface pressure of more than 1000 kgf / cm 2 is performed, in principle, density distribution tends to occur in the molded body in a uniaxial press, which causes deformation and cracking during sintering.
- the molded body is double vacuum packed with vinyl, and subjected to CIP (cold isostatic pressing) under the condition of pressure 1500 to 4000 kgf / cm 2 and holding for 1 to 3 minutes. If the pressure is less than 1500 kgf / cm 2 , sufficient CIP effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, even if a pressure exceeding 4000 kgf / cm 2 is applied, the density of the molded body is hardly improved beyond a certain value. Therefore, a surface pressure exceeding 4000 kgf / cm 2 is not particularly required for production.
- the size of the molded body is not particularly defined, but if the thickness is too large, it becomes difficult to obtain a sintered body having a high relative density. Therefore, it is preferable to adjust the thickness of the molded body so that the thickness of the sintered body is 15 mm or less.
- the molded body can be sintered at an appropriate sintering temperature to obtain a sintered body. Before raising the temperature to the sintering temperature, it is preferable that the temperature is once maintained within a range of specific conditions.
- various phases increase and decrease depending on the temperature. For example, phases such as I 2 O 3 and ZnGa 2 O 4 tend to decrease when the temperature rises to 800 ° C. or higher.
- the phase of InGaZnO 4 tends to start growing rapidly when the temperature rises and exceeds 1000 ° C. Therefore, by maintaining the temperature in the temperature range of 800 ° C. to 1000 ° C.
- the temperature is preferably 800 ° C. or higher and 1000 ° C. or lower (preferably 850 ° C. to 1000 ° C., more preferably 880 ° C. to 920 ° C.).
- About processing time 0.5 hour or more is preferable, More preferably, it is 1 hour or more.
- the upper limit time is preferably 3 hours or less.
- the treatment may be performed at a fixed temperature during the above time.
- the heating rate may be reduced during the above time (for example, 0.1 to 0.3 ° C./min), and it may take a certain time to reach the above-described sintering temperature.
- warpage of the sintered body can be suppressed.
- Such a treatment process is performed by warping the sintered body having the composition described in the sections “1. Properties of the target material” and “(2) component” and / or the structure described in the section “(3) Structure”. This is particularly effective in the case of suppression.
- the molded body is fired in an air atmosphere or an oxygen atmosphere at a temperature of 1300 to 1500 ° C. (preferably 1350 to 1450 ° C.), 5 to 24 hours (preferably 10 to 22 hours, more preferably 15 to 21 hours).
- a sintered body can be obtained by sintering.
- the sintering temperature is lower than 1300 ° C., a sintered body having a sufficient density cannot be obtained. Further, the crystal phase InGaZnO 4 cannot be obtained sufficiently.
- the sintering temperature is higher than 1500 ° C., the size of the crystal grains in the sintered body becomes too large, which may reduce the mechanical strength of the sintered body.
- the time is less than 5 hours, a sintered body having a sufficient density cannot be obtained, and if the time is longer than 24 hours, it is not preferable from the viewpoint of production cost.
- HP hot press
- HIP hot isostatic pressing
- the amount of warpage of the sintered body is 2.0 mm or less, and more preferably 1.5 mm or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly specified, and may be 0 mm or more, 0.5 mm or more, or 0.8 mm or more.
- the amount of warpage described in this specification uses a simple warpage measuring machine (measuring unit: Keyence Steel LK-085), and the height (Z coordinate) of the sintered body after sintering (before machining) is No. 1.
- the difference in height between the high place and the lowest place is defined as the “warp amount”.
- grinding is performed for the purpose of processing into a flat shape and for removing the deteriorated layer. Grinding can be performed from both surfaces to obtain a flat target material. It is therefore necessary to grind at least until a flat shape is obtained. For example, if the amount of warpage is 2.0 mm or more, it is necessary to grind at least 2.0 mm or more. More preferably, after grinding until warping is eliminated, additional grinding can be further performed by +0.5 mm or more (that is, the grinding amount from the plane is 0.5 mm or more, more preferably 0.8 mm or more). Thereby, the difference of the crystal grain diameter in the target material surface after grinding can be made small.
- the state where “warping has been eliminated” refers not only to the case where the amount of warping is 0 mm, but also to the state where the amount of warping is 0.1 mm or less.
- the maximum surface grinding amount which is the sum of the above-mentioned grinding amount “until the warpage is eliminated” and the “additional grinding” amount, may be 3.0 mm or less because the yield decreases. preferable.
- the target IGZO sputtering target can be obtained.
- an IGZO sputtering target can be used to form a film by a commonly performed sputtering method (eg, DC sputtering method).
- the IGZO sputtering target has less warpage, and therefore the amount of grinding until it is processed into a flat state is smaller than in the prior art. Therefore, material loss can be reduced.
- the uniformity of a sputter surface can be ensured. Therefore, arcing can be suppressed.
- the strength of the entire material is a certain level or more and there is little difference in strength, cracks and cracks are unlikely to occur.
- a basic material (base material) made of In 2 O 3 powder, Ga 2 O 3 powder, and ZnO powder was used at a ratio of each metal element In: Ga: Zn of approximately 1: 1: 1. (Specifically, the atomic ratios listed in Table 1) were mixed and pulverized in a wet manner, and then dried and granulated with a spray dryer to obtain a raw material powder. This was put into a mold, and a pressure of 800 kgf / cm 2 was applied for 1 minute to obtain a molded body.
- This molded body was heated in an electric furnace according to the conditions shown in Table 1 (the temperature was increased at a rate of 5 ° C / min between 300 and 900 ° C, and the temperature was increased at a rate of 0.5 ° C / min after 900 ° C).
- a sintered body was obtained (except for Comparative Example 5, thickness 10 mm).
- a sputtering target was prepared by grinding with a surface grinder using a # 80 to # 400 grindstone. (Target surface finish is # 400)
- the targets of Examples 1 to 3 held at 900 ° C. had a small amount of warpage and a small difference in particle size and strength. In addition, a relative density above a certain level could be secured. Moreover, the occurrence of arcing could be suppressed below a certain level. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1 in which the holding at 900 ° C. was not performed, the warpage amount was large, and as a result, the difference in particle size was also large. And there was a lot of arcing.
- Example 4 and Comparative Example 2 are examples in which the sintering temperature was increased to increase the crystal grain size. Here, the same tendency as the comparison between Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 was observed.
- Comparative Examples 3 to 4 although holding at 900 ° C. was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, the amount of grinding was insufficient, so that a deteriorated layer remained on the surface or the difference in particle size became large. It was.
- Comparative Example 5 is an example in which, in order to achieve the same particle size difference as in Example 1, the thickness of the sintered body was 20 mm, and the amount of grinding was increased accordingly. The difference in particle size itself could be suppressed to the same extent as in Examples 1 to 3, but the relative density was lowered. As a result, arcing was still frequent.
- the description “or” or “or” includes a case where only one of the options is satisfied or a case where all the options are satisfied.
- the description “A or B” or “A or B” it includes both the case where A is satisfied and B is not satisfied, the case where B is satisfied and A is not satisfied, and the case where A is satisfied and B is satisfied I intend to.
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Abstract
Description
(発明1)
In、Ga、Zn、Oを含むIGZOスパッタリングターゲットであって、
原子比で
0.30≦In/(In+Ga+Zn)≦0.36、
0.30≦Ga/(In+Ga+Zn)≦0.36、
0.30≦Zn/(In+Ga+Zn)≦0.36、
であるIGZOスパッタリングターゲットであり、
相対密度が96%以上であり、
スパッタリングターゲット表面における結晶粒の平均粒径が30.0μm以下であり、かつ
スパッタリングターゲット表面における粒径の差異が20%以下(1.0≦Dmax/Dmin≦1.2)であること
を特徴とするIGZOスパッタリングターゲット。
(発明2)
発明1に記載のIGZOスパッタリングターゲットであって、
抗折強度が40~100MPaであり、
かつ抗折強度の差異が20%以下(1.0≦Smax/Smin≦1.2)であることを特徴とするIGZOスパッタリングターゲット。
(発明3)
IGZOスパッタリングターゲットの製造方法であって、前記方法は、
発明1又は2に記載の元素の組成を有する成形体を1300~1500℃で5~24時間焼結する工程と、
焼結体を研削する工程と、
を含み、
前記焼結する工程は、成形体を800℃~1000℃で0.5~3時間保持することを含み、
前記焼結後の焼結体の反り量が2.0mm以下であり、
前記研削する工程は、反りが解消した後、更に0.5mm以上追加研削することを含む、
IGZOスパッタリングターゲットの製造方法。
(1)形状
本発明の一実施形態において、スパッタリングターゲットの形状は平板である。更なる一実施形態において、スパッタリングターゲットの形状は矩形の平板である。
本発明の一実施形態において、スパッタリングターゲットは、In、Ga、Zn及びOを含むIGZOスパッタリングターゲットである。
0.30≦In/(In+Ga+Zn)≦0.36
0.30≦Ga/(In+Ga+Zn)≦0.36
0.30≦Zn/(In+Ga+Zn)≦0.36
0.32≦In/(In+Ga+Zn)≦0.34
0.32≦Ga/(In+Ga+Zn)≦0.34
0.32≦Zn/(In+Ga+Zn)≦0.34
なお、スパッタリングターゲット材を構成する元素の種類及び含有量の特定は、蛍光X線分析(XRF)等により可能である。また、In、Ga、Zn以外の元素については、発光分光分析(ICP)により、特定することも可能である。
本発明の一実施形態において、IGZOスパッタリングターゲットは、ホモロガス結晶構造を有する。ここで、ホモロガス構造とは、In、Ga及びZnを含む酸化物の場合、InGaO3(ZnO)m(mは1~20の自然数)の組成式で表される六方晶ベースの層状構造を指す。本発明の更なる一実施形態において、IGZOスパッタリングターゲットは、InGaZnO4(InGaO3(ZnO)m、m=1)で表されるホモロガス構造を主に有する。例えば、IGZOスパッタリングターゲットは、ホモロガス結晶構造を、80%以上、より好ましくは85%以上の割合で有する。
・X線回折装置:株式会社リガク製の全自動水平型多目的X線回折装置 SmartLab(X線源:Cu線);
・ゴニオメータ:Ultima IV
・管電圧:40kV、
・管電流:30mA、
・スキャンスピード:5°/min、
・ステップ:0.02°
本発明の一実施形態において、IGZOスパッタリングターゲットの結晶粒径は、30.0μm以下であり、より好ましくは、25.0μm以下である。これらの範囲だと、パーティクルやクラック等を適切に抑制することができる。下限値については、特に限定されないが、典型的には、5.0μm以上、又は7.0μm以上であってもよい。
本発明の一実施形態において、IGZOスパッタリングターゲットの相対密度は96%以上であり、好ましくは、96.3%以上である。96%以上であると、アーキングの発生が更に抑制される。上限値については、特に規定されないが、典型的には、100%以下、99%以下、98%以下、又は97%以下であってもよい。
本発明の一実施形態において、IGZOスパッタリングターゲットの抗折強度は、40~100MPaであり、より好ましくは、70~100MPaである。抗折強度は、上記結晶粒径と同様に、材料を9分割して、測定する。より具体的には、9つの区画(縦3等分×横3等分)の中心部分を、後述する試料サイズになるように切り出す。そして、9区画それぞれから切り出した試料から測定した抗折強度の値を、それぞれS1~S9と定義する。そして、S1~S9の平均値を、IGZOスパッタリングターゲットの抗折強度とする。
(抗折強度の測定条件)
試験方法 :3点曲げ試験
支点間距離:30mm
試料サイズ:3×4×40mm
ヘッド速度:0.5mm/min
(1)粉末
In、Ga、Znをそれぞれ含む粉末を用いることができる。より具体的には、In化合物の粉末、Ga化合物の粉末、Zn化合物の粉末を用いることができる。或いはこれらの元素の組み合わせを含む粉末を用いてもよい。In化合物の粉末の例としては、酸化インジウム、水酸化インジウム等が挙げられる。Ga化合物の粉末の例としては、酸化ガリウム、硝酸ガリウム等が挙げられる。Zn化合物の粉末の例としては、酸化亜鉛、水酸化亜鉛等が挙げられる。配合量については、上述したIn、Ga、Znの原子比を実現できる量であればよい。
次に、これらの原料粉末を粉砕し混合する。原料粉末の粉砕混合処理は、乾式法又は湿式法を使用することができる。乾式法には、ジルコニア、アルミナ、ナイロン樹脂等のボールやビーズを用いた乾式法が挙げられる。一方、湿式法には、上記のボールやビーズを用いたメディア撹拌型ミルが挙げられる。更に、湿式法には、メディアレスの容器回転式、機械撹拌式、気流式の湿式法が挙げられる。ここで、一般的に湿式法は乾式法に比べて粉砕及び混合能力に優れている。従って、湿式法を用いて混合を行うことが好ましい。
次に、混合粉末を金型に充填し、面圧400~1000kgf/cm2、1~3分保持の条件で一軸プレスして、成形体を得る。面圧400kgf/cm2未満であると十分な密度の成形体を得ることができない。また、1000kgf/cm2超の面圧は生産上特に必要とされない。即ち、過度な面圧を加えても成形体の密度はある一定の値以上は向上しにくくなる。また、1000kgf/cm2超の面圧を行うと、一軸プレスでは原理的に成形体内に密度分布が生じやすく、焼結時の変形や割れの原因となる。
上記成形体は、適切な焼結温度で焼結して焼結体を得ることができる。焼結温度まで昇温させる前に、一旦特定条件の範囲内で保持させることが好ましい。IGZOの焼結体は、温度に依存して様々な相が増加及び減少する。例えば、I2O3及びZnGa2O4などの相は、昇温して800℃以上になると減少する傾向にある。一方で、InGaZnO4の相は、昇温して1000℃を超えると急激に成長を開始する傾向にある。そこで、800℃~1000℃の温度範囲で一気に昇温させずに保持することで、反りの原因となる現象(即ち、焼結体内部におけるIGZO相の成長度合いに差異が生じる現象)を抑制することできる。そして、IGZO相の成長度合いの差異が抑制された状態で焼結を行うことができる。こうした理由から、800℃以上1000℃以下(好ましくは、850℃~1000℃、更に好ましくは、880℃~920℃)とするのが好ましい。処理時間については、0.5時間以上が好ましく、更に好ましくは、1時間以上である。上限時間については、3時間以下であることが好ましい。この理由は、3時間よりも長くなると、IGZO相の成長が焼結体全体で進行してしまい、焼結体中のポアが抜けにくくなり、相対密度の低下やターゲットの抗折強度の低下等に繋がるからである。
焼結体が得られた後、平坦な形に加工する目的で、且つ変質層を除去する目的で、研削を行う。研削は、両方の面から行い、平板のターゲット材を得ることができる。従って、少なくとも平坦な形が得られるまで研削することが必要である。例えば、反り量が2.0mm以上であれば、少なくとも2.0mm以上研削することが必要である。より好ましくは、反りが解消するまで研削した後、更に、+0.5mm以上追加研削することができる(即ち平面からの研削量を0.5mm以上、より好ましくは0.8mm以上)。これにより、研削後のターゲット材表面における結晶粒径の差異を小さくすることができる。また、これにより、反りが解消するまで研削したときに表面の一部に残存する変質層を除去することができる。なお、「反りが解消」した状態とは、反り量が0mmである場合のみならず、反り量が0.1mm以下である状態を指す。研削量の上限値については、歩留まり低下するという理由から、上述した「反りが解消するまで」の研削量と「追加研削」量とを合わせた最大表面研削量が3.0mm以下であることが好ましい。研削量の下限値については、典型的な反り量が0.5mm以上であること、及び好ましい追加研削量が0.5mm以上であるという理由から、上述した「反りが解消するまで」の研削量と「追加研削」量とを合わせた最大表面研削量が1.0mm以上であることが好ましい。
本発明の一実施形態において、IGZOスパッタリングターゲットを用いて、通常行われるスパッタ法(例:DCスパッタ法等)で成膜することができる。本発明の一実施形態において、IGZOスパッタリングターゲットは、反りが少ないため、平坦な状態に加工するまでの研削量が従来よりも少ない。従って、材料ロスを軽減することができる。また、反りが少ないため、スパッタ面の均一性が確保できる。従って、アーキングを抑制することができる。また、材料全体としての強度が一定以上であり、且つ強度の差異も少ないため、割れやクラックが発生しにくい。
以下の条件で試験を実施した。
蛍光X線分析(XRF)分析によるIn、Ga、Znの元素分析を行った。
上記「1. ターゲット材の特性」の「(4)粒径」の項で説明した方法で評価した。
上記「1. ターゲット材の特性」の「(6)抗折強度」の項で説明した方法で評価した。
簡易反り測定機(測定部:キーエンス製 LK-085)を用い、焼結後(機械加工前)の焼結体において高さ(Z座標)が1番高いところと、1番低いところとの高さの差異を「反り量」とした。
上記「1. ターゲット材の特性」の「(5)相対密度」の項で説明した方法で評価した。
得られた焼結体を用いて、以下の条件でDCスパッタリングを行った。
スパッタガス:Ar:100%
スパッタガス圧:0.5Pa
投入電力:500W
投入電力量:20kWh
基板温度:室温
In2O3粉、Ga2O3粉、ZnO粉からなる基本材料(母材)を、各金属元素の比率In:Ga:Znが、おおよそ1:1:1となるように(具体的には、表1に記載の原子比になるように)湿式で混合・微粉砕した後、スプレードライヤーで乾燥・造粒して、原料粉を得た。これを金型に投入して、800kgf/cm2の圧力を1分間にわたって作用させて成形体を得た。この成形体を電気炉内で表1の条件に従って加熱し(300~900℃の間は、5℃/minの速度で昇温、900℃以降は、0.5℃/minの速度で昇温)、焼結体を得た(比較例5以外は、厚さ10mm)。その後、表1の条件に従って、#80~#400の砥石を用いた平面研削機で研削してスパッタリングターゲットを作製した。(ターゲット表面仕上げは#400)
Claims (3)
- In、Ga、Zn、Oを含むIGZOスパッタリングターゲットであって、
原子比で
0.30≦In/(In+Ga+Zn)≦0.36、
0.30≦Ga/(In+Ga+Zn)≦0.36、
0.30≦Zn/(In+Ga+Zn)≦0.36、
であるIGZOスパッタリングターゲットであり、
相対密度が96%以上であり、
スパッタリングターゲット表面における結晶粒の平均粒径が30.0μm以下であり、かつ
スパッタリングターゲット表面における粒径の差異が20%以下(1.0≦Dmax/Dmin≦1.2)であること
を特徴とするIGZOスパッタリングターゲット。 - 請求項1に記載のIGZOスパッタリングターゲットであって、
抗折強度が40~100MPaであり、
かつ抗折強度の差異が20%以下(1.0≦Smax/Smin≦1.2)であることを特徴とするIGZOスパッタリングターゲット。 - IGZOスパッタリングターゲットの製造方法であって、前記方法は、
請求項1又は2に記載の元素の組成を有する成形体を1300~1500℃で5~24時間焼結する工程と、
焼結体を研削する工程と、
を含み、
前記焼結する工程は、成形体を800℃~1000℃で0.5~3時間保持することを含み、
前記焼結後の焼結体の反り量が2.0mm以下であり、
前記研削する工程は、反りが解消した後、更に0.5mm以上追加研削することを含む、
IGZOスパッタリングターゲットの製造方法。
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| JP2018519078A JP6533869B2 (ja) | 2017-03-31 | 2017-10-31 | スパッタリングターゲット及びその製造方法 |
| KR1020187025057A KR102188417B1 (ko) | 2017-03-31 | 2017-10-31 | 스퍼터링 타깃 및 그 제조 방법 |
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| US20240344193A1 (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2024-10-17 | Jx Metals Corporation | Igzo sputtering target |
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| CN109072417A (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
| US20200377993A1 (en) | 2020-12-03 |
| JPWO2018179556A1 (ja) | 2019-04-04 |
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