WO2018037077A2 - Holographische anzeigevorrichtung - Google Patents
Holographische anzeigevorrichtung Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018037077A2 WO2018037077A2 PCT/EP2017/071328 EP2017071328W WO2018037077A2 WO 2018037077 A2 WO2018037077 A2 WO 2018037077A2 EP 2017071328 W EP2017071328 W EP 2017071328W WO 2018037077 A2 WO2018037077 A2 WO 2018037077A2
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- display device
- region
- virtual visibility
- optical component
- hologram
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
- G03H1/2202—Reconstruction geometries or arrangements
- G03H1/2205—Reconstruction geometries or arrangements using downstream optical component
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
- G02B27/0988—Diaphragms, spatial filters, masks for removing or filtering a part of the beam
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/58—Optics for apodization or superresolution; Optical synthetic aperture systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/201—Filters in the form of arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/22—Absorbing filters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
- G03H1/2294—Addressing the hologram to an active spatial light modulator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/366—Image reproducers using viewer tracking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/08—Synthesising holograms, i.e. holograms synthesized from objects or objects from holograms
- G03H1/0808—Methods of numerical synthesis, e.g. coherent ray tracing [CRT], diffraction specific
- G03H2001/0825—Numerical processing in hologram space, e.g. combination of the CGH [computer generated hologram] with a numerical optical element
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
- G03H1/2202—Reconstruction geometries or arrangements
- G03H1/2205—Reconstruction geometries or arrangements using downstream optical component
- G03H2001/2207—Spatial filter, e.g. for suppressing higher diffraction orders
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
- G03H1/2202—Reconstruction geometries or arrangements
- G03H2001/2236—Details of the viewing window
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
- G03H1/2202—Reconstruction geometries or arrangements
- G03H2001/2236—Details of the viewing window
- G03H2001/2242—Multiple viewing windows
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
- G03H1/2249—Holobject properties
- G03H2001/2252—Location of the holobject
- G03H2001/2255—Holobject out of Fourier or hologram planes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2223/00—Optical components
- G03H2223/12—Amplitude mask, e.g. diaphragm, Louver filter
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2223/00—Optical components
- G03H2223/17—Element having optical power
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2223/00—Optical components
- G03H2223/18—Prism
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2223/00—Optical components
- G03H2223/50—Particular location or purpose of optical element
- G03H2223/53—Filtering the hologram information, i.e. the fringe pattern
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2226/00—Electro-optic or electronic components relating to digital holography
- G03H2226/05—Means for tracking the observer
Definitions
- the invention relates to a holographic display device for displaying a two-dimensional and / or three-dimensional scene.
- a holographic display device can be designed, for example, as a direct-view display, as a projection display, as a head-mounted display, but also as a head-up display.
- the present display device is particularly suitable in head-mounted displays and in head-up displays, wherein the invention is of course not intended to be limited to such display devices.
- the present holographic display device is adapted to display two-dimensional (2D) and / or three-dimensional (3D) images. It is therefore understood that two-dimensional images or three-dimensional images also include two-dimensional or three-dimensional contents or films.
- the image information or scene information to be displayed is written as a hologram in the spatial light modulation device of the display device.
- the light emitted by a lighting device which has at least one light source is modulated by the information written into the spatial light modulator, the spatial light modulating device often serving simultaneously as a screen or display panel. It is therefore necessary to ensure a strictly parallel incidence of the light beams on the spatial light modulator and to achieve a high refresh rate of the spatial light modulator.
- a defined collimation of the wavefronts, which are coupled out of the illumination device, in addition to a homogeneous illumination of the entire surface of the spatial light modulation device is required.
- the holographic information which may be, for example, an object consisting of object points of a three-dimensional scene, is encoded in the form of amplitude and phase values in the pixels of the spatial light modulation device.
- the coded object points are generated by the wavefield emitted by the spatial light modulator.
- display devices arranged or intended to be close to the eye of an observer such as head-mounted displays (HMD)
- HMD head-mounted displays
- SLM spatial light modulation device
- Some types of spatial light modulation devices also have limitations in the useful pixel sizes. For example, liquid crystal spatial light modulating devices have more crosstalk between adjacent pixels as the pixel pitch decreases. The pixels can therefore not be miniaturized arbitrarily. The usable number of pixels on a reasonable size of the spatial light modulation device for a compact mobile display device is thus limited. However, the present invention should not be limited to any particular type of spatial light modulation device.
- the resolution of a three-dimensional (3D) scene in the hologram calculation is in principle freely selectable.
- the size of this virtual visibility area or the virtual viewer window depends on the number of pixels per degree of viewing angle.
- the virtual visibility area or the virtual viewer window should have at least the size of the pupil of the eye of an observer.
- a virtual visibility area or observer window smaller in size than the pupil of the eye of the observer is in principle also usable for the reconstruction of a three-dimensional scene, it would typically lead to a perceived deterioration of the three-dimensional scene compared to natural vision, even if the hologram to be coded into the spatial light modulation device was calculated with a high resolution of object points.
- the size or extent of the virtual visibility area or viewer window is selected to be larger or only slightly larger than the pupil size of an observer's eye in order to compensate for tolerances in the detection or recognition of the observer's eye position.
- a complex-valued hologram For the generation of a three-dimensional scene by means of holography, as a rule the writing of a complex-valued hologram into the spatial light modulation device is required.
- a plurality of pixels of the spatial light modulation device can either be combined into a macropixel by means of coding or with a macropixel Beam combiner unit (beam combiner) are combined to form a macropixel.
- the hologram is constructed by means of several sub-holograms. For the coding of a single object point of a scene, a complex-valued sub-hologram, which is coded into a defined area on the spatial light modulation device, is calculated, ie the information about the object point is then coded in this sub-hologram on the spatial light modulation device.
- a holographic display or display in particular a direct-view display, with at least one spatial light modulation device (SLM), wherein a virtual observer window or a virtual visibility area is provided in a viewer plane
- the size of the visibility area is usually chosen such that it is smaller or equal to the distance between two diffraction orders. This distance of the diffraction orders results from the equation D * A / p, where D is the distance of the virtual visibility region to the display device, ⁇ is the wavelength of the light and p is the pixel pitch of the spatial light modulation device.
- D the distance of the virtual visibility region to the display device
- ⁇ the wavelength of the light
- p the pixel pitch of the spatial light modulation device.
- the size of the visibility region is usually chosen to be less than or equal to the distance of two diffraction orders for the smallest wavelength, typically the wavelength for blue light, is.
- a real or virtual image of the spatial light modulation device in which a real or virtual image of the spatial light modulation device is generated, takes the place of the distance from the spatial light modulation device to a viewer plane in which the viewer a is reconstructed scene, the distance of the image of the spatial light modulator device to the observer level and instead of the pixel pitch of the spatial light modulator means the pixel pitch of the image of the spatial light modulator.
- the size of the virtual visibility area which can also be referred to as a virtual viewer window, is limited in this way towards the top.
- the individual calculated sub-holograms which are superimposed to form a hologram or overall hologram and are encoded in the spatial light modulation device, can be encoded as symmetrical lens functions. If this is the case, the virtual visibility area in the viewing plane lies almost in the center of the focal point of a field lens provided in the display device.
- FIG. 1 shows a display device which has a spatial light modulation device SLM, an illumination device 2 having at least one light source 3, and a field lens 1.
- a spatial light modulation device SLM spatial light modulation device
- an illumination device 2 having at least one light source 3
- a field lens 1 a field lens 1.
- Diffraction order (+1.B0 and -1.B0) of a diffraction image shown due to the Pixel raster of the spatial light modulator SLM in the focal plane of the field lens 1 is formed.
- no hologram or sub-hologram coded into the spatial light modulator SLM is shown.
- the intensity in the individual diffraction orders of the diffraction image depends on the fill factor of the spatial light modulator SLM and other factors, such as the shape of the pixel aperture, eg rectangular or rounded, or the course of the pixel transmission, for example abruptly falling to zero or continuously to the edge region darkening of the pixel.
- FIG. 2 shows a plot of the amplitude in the individual diffraction orders in one dimension (for example, horizontally) at a fill factor of 85% in that dimension of the pixels of the spatial light modulator using a constant phase of the light, thus an equal phase value for all phase modulating pixels.
- the intensity of the light is greatest in the zeroth diffraction order.
- the light intensity in the individual diffraction orders is proportional to the square of the amplitude shown.
- the amplitude was chosen for the display in order to better visualize the proportion of light in the higher diffraction orders.
- DC component spot which is often referred to as zero order spot, arises at the same position at which a focus of the field lens or an optical system would result from the imaging of a light source when no hologram is encoded in the spatial light modulator.
- This DC component spot is produced, for example, by errors in the modulation of the spatial light modulation device.
- the spatial light modulation device has systematic deviations from the desired modulation, for example an undesired amplitude modulation in a spatial light modulation device, which should only modulate the phases, or a range of phase modulation smaller than 2 ⁇ or systematically too large or too small phase values.
- an optical system used has a focusing optical element, such as the field lens 1 shown in FIG. 1, then the unmodulated light or systematically incorrectly modulated light in the observer plane is focused into a so-called DC spot.
- each higher diffraction orders of the DC component spots arise.
- FIG. 3 shows the display device according to FIG. 1 in an ideal case in which there is no DC component spot in a viewer plane 6.
- a sub-hologram 4 is coded, by means of which an object point of a scene can be reconstructed.
- a virtual visibility area 5 is provided in the zeroth diffraction order.
- FIG. 4 shows in a graph the amplitude in the respective zeroth order of diffraction, +1. Diffraction order and -1. Diffraction order at a rectangular pixel aperture of the spatial light modulation device.
- the sub-hologram encoded in the spatial light modulator has a lens function that produces an object point at a distance of 250 mm in front of the spatial light modulator, the virtual visibility region being 1 m away from the spatial light modulator.
- the zeroth diffraction order in this case has an extension of about 15 mm.
- the intensity of the light is highest in the zeroth diffraction order in which the virtual visibility region is provided, as can be seen from the deflection of the amplitude shown.
- the +1. Diffraction order and the -1. Diffraction order is the intensity reduced, but still high enough to use these diffraction orders, at least partially, if necessary.
- FIG. 5 shows the display device according to FIG. 3, wherein a sub-hologram 4 is coded in the spatial light modulation device SLM.
- a sub-hologram 4 is shown, it being understood that in the spatial light modulator SLM a plurality of sub-holograms can be encoded, which together form a hologram with which a three-dimensional scene can be reconstructed.
- a virtual visibility region 5 is provided, for example, in the zeroth diffraction order. However, it could also be chosen a different diffraction order, such as the +1. Diffraction order or the -1. Diffraction order. This results in the observer plane 6, in particular in the virtual visibility area 5, a DC spot GAS (0.
- a negative influence of a DC component spot in the observer plane is to be eliminated or reduced to the reconstructed scene.
- the present object is achieved by a holographic display device according to the features of claim 1.
- the holographic display device is provided for displaying a two-dimensional and / or three-dimensional scene.
- the holographic display device has at least one spatial light modulation device and one optical component.
- the at least one spatial light modulation device is provided for reconstructing the scene and for generating at least one virtual visibility region in a viewer plane.
- the optical component is formed with at least two regions which have a different transparency to each other. The value of transparency is between 0 and 1.
- the optical component is arranged in the display device such that it provides at least partial filtering of a DC component spot in at least one diffraction order within the virtual visibility region. In this way, the DC spot produced by errors in the modulation of the light can be reduced or even completely filtered out, in particular in the region of the at least one virtual visibility region.
- a reduction in the intensity of the DC component spot in a diffraction order used for the virtual field of visibility can be achieved, for example, by providing a gray level profile in the optical component.
- a complete filtering out of the DC component spot from the diffraction order used can advantageously take place such that a region of the optical component has a high transparency.
- this range could have a transparency of T> 0.8, where a transparency value of 0 (zero) means opaque and a transparency value of 1 completely transparent or completely transparent.
- the greater the transparency value of a region of the optical component the more translucent is this region.
- another area of the optical component has one Transparency value of 0 (zero) and is thus made opaque.
- This opaque region of the optical component can then advantageously be assigned to the DC component spot to be filtered out so that the size of the opaque region completely covers the DC component spot and thus filters it out completely from the resulting diffraction pattern in the observer plane.
- the optical component has a transparent region and at least one light-impermeable region or at least one region with reduced transmission.
- the at least one light-impermeable region or the at least one region with reduced transmission of the optical component is advantageously designed to be substantially smaller in size than the transparent region of the optical component.
- the at least one light-impermeable region of the optical component provides at least partial filtering of a DC component spot in at least one diffraction order within the virtual visibility range.
- a partial filtering out of the DC component spot from the diffraction order used can be carried out, for example, by means of the at least one opaque region in the optical component, which is formed in the optical component such that this opaque region is assigned to the DC component spot and the size of the opaque region is only covers part of the DC share.
- a partial filtering out of the DC component spot from the diffraction order used can also take place, for example, by means of at least one region with greatly reduced transparency in the optical component, which is formed in the optical component such that this opaque region is assigned to the DC component spot and at least one part covering the area of this spot.
- the transparent region is to be understood here as a basic region into which at least one light-impermeable region is introduced.
- the optical component may alternatively have the transparent region in conjunction with the at least one opaque region or else in addition to these regions with a gradient of transparency, that is to say a gray value curve.
- This gray value course can also be used, for example, to change the distribution of the light intensity in the virtual visibility region.
- the distribution of the light intensity in the diffraction orders may cause a viewer whose eye pupil is in an edge region of the virtual visibility region to perceive a darker reconstruction of a preferably three-dimensional scene than in the middle or in the opposite edge region of the virtual visibility region.
- the transparency of the optical component can make the light distribution more uniform by means of a gray value curve can be created by darkening areas of the virtual visibility area with increased brightness.
- a holographic display device which is designed as a projection display device or as a head-mounted display (HMD) and has a two-stage system
- a real intermediate image of the spatial light modulation device and a real intermediate image of the virtual visibility region is generated.
- the optical component can be provided in a plane of a generated intermediate image of the at least one virtual visibility region.
- the opaque region of the optical component or the at least one region with reduced transmission is smaller in size than an eye pupil of a human eye, preferably only 10% to 40% of the size of an eye pupil. Since a resulting DC spot in the diffraction image is usually formed much smaller in size than a typical size of about 2 mm - about 5 mm of an eye pupil of a viewer of a reconstructed preferably three-dimensional scene in daylight conditions and this DC spot by means of the opaque area is at least partially filtered out of the optical component or by means of the at least one region with reduced transmission, such a filtering of the DC component spot has no disturbing influence on the preferably three-dimensional scene perceived by the viewer. Thus, enough light is still through the pupil into the eye of the beholder, so that he can view the reconstructed scene with high quality.
- the optical component is designed to be movable controllable.
- the optical component may be designed to be movable for filtering at least one DC component spot. Since, for example, depending on an eye position of an observer in the virtual visibility area, a DC spot in only one diffraction order would lead to disturbances or influences, eg only the DC spot in the zeroth diffraction order or in the +1. Diffraction order or in the -1. Diffraction order, would thus be filtered out by the optical component not all DC spot in the diffraction pattern at least partially, but in each case only a DC spot in a diffraction order used for the reconstruction.
- the optical element for filtering such that, for example, only a single opaque or blackened region or a region with reduced transmission is provided.
- the optical component having this single opaque or blackened or reduced transmission region may then be translated or moved depending on the observer's detected eye position such that the opaque or blackened reduced transmission region or region will have one of the DC spots of the diffraction orders, for example either the DC component spot of the zeroth diffraction order, also referred to as zeroth DC spot, or another DC spot of a higher diffraction order, filters out.
- the optical component has a plurality of transparent and a plurality of light-impermeable regions or a plurality of regions with reduced transmission, which are provided in such a way that DC component spots are filtered out in different diffraction orders.
- the optical component can however also be static, thus not movable.
- diffraction order in an alternative advantageous embodiment of the invention several opaque or blackened areas, thus light blocking areas, or multiple areas with reduced transmission and a transparent area, thus transparent area, the transparent Area serves as a basic area.
- This transparent area is divided into a plurality of transparent areas by providing a plurality of opaque areas or a plurality of reduced transmission areas.
- the optical component is designed such that predefined or fixed higher diffraction orders are completely filtered out.
- the optical component as a film or as an actively switchable component, preferably as a liquid crystal layer exhibiting component is formed.
- the liquid crystal layer can be combined with at least one polarization element.
- the liquid crystal layer may be provided with an electrode arrangement to which a voltage can be applied to drive the liquid crystal layer and orient the liquid crystals accordingly.
- the polarization element transmits or blocks the incident light.
- the optical component for filtering at least one DC component spot can also have a defined or predetermined gray scale profile.
- the optical component for filtering can also have a defined or predetermined phase profile. That is, the optical component can be designed such that it has a defined gray scale profile and / or a defined phase profile.
- the gray value profile can be predetermined in the optical component such that a predefined light intensity is in each case partially filtered out of a brighter region of a diffraction order.
- the amount of light that is filtered out of the diffraction order or filtered out by the gray value profile can be determined, for example, by previous simulations, so that the gray value profile of the optical element can be defined accordingly and the optical component configured accordingly.
- a hologram can be encoded into the at least one spatial light modulation device, which hologram is constructed from at least one sub-hologram.
- a sub-hologram an object point of the scene to be reconstructed is coded, so that a plurality of sub-holograms form a hologram which reconstructs the entire scene.
- the holographic display device may also be in an ON state, but not a scene or object points.
- the spatial light modulation device no sub-hologram or hologram is encoded and this completely dark or black lights. Even in such a case, it would be advantageous if at least one DC component spot in the observer plane is filtered to represent a rich black. This case should also be covered by the present invention.
- the hologram or each sub-hologram has a prism function in order to offset the at least one virtual visibility region in the observer plane.
- the virtual visibility region in the observer plane is offset by half a diffraction order.
- a phase difference of a * n between adjacent pixels having a real-valued factor a correspondingly results in offsetting the virtual visibility range around a times a half diffraction order.
- the magnitude of the diffraction order hereby corresponds to D * A / p, where D is the distance of the virtual visibility region to the spatial light modulation device or to the image of the spatial light modulation device, if there is an image of the spatial light modulation device, ⁇ the wavelength of the light and p the pixel pitch of the spatial light modulation device or the image of the spatial light modulation device is.
- D the distance of the virtual visibility region to the spatial light modulation device or to the image of the spatial light modulation device
- ⁇ the wavelength of the light
- p the pixel pitch of the spatial light modulation device or the image of the spatial light modulation device is.
- the position of the at least one virtual visibility region in the observer plane can be offset or shifted.
- a shift of the virtual visibility range occurs only in a small defined area.
- the virtual visibility range can be shifted and arranged by means of the prism function between two DC component spots of two diffraction orders. As a result, the DC component spots are respectively pushed or offset to the edge region of the virtual visibility region, whereby there are fewer interferences due to the DC component spots for an eye pupil of an observer in the virtual visibility region or for a viewer.
- a defined prism function is provided for each wavelength or color used, the prism functions differing from different wavelengths or colors.
- a different prism function is added or added to the sub-hologram or the (total) hologram for each color or wavelength, so that the virtual visibility ranges for all three primary colors red, green and blue (RGB) at the same position in FIG the observer level are pushed and thus superimpose exactly.
- a prism function of OTT hence a phase difference of ⁇ between adjacent pixels of the spatial light modulator, would shift the virtual visibility region by a half (14) diffraction order.
- the DC share spot would then be at the edge of the virtual visibility area.
- a phase step of 450 / 635 ⁇ would have to be used to push the virtual red light visibility range to the same location in the observer plane and overlay the blue and green virtual visibility regions. If this were not the case, a viewer would perceive a white point within the reconstructed preferably three-dimensional scene as slightly laterally offset red, green and blue dots.
- the prism function is the same for all sub-holograms or holograms of a wavelength or color.
- a shift of the virtual visibility region usually leads to an altered brightness of the perceived preferably three-dimensional scene. Due to the fill factor and the amplitude transmission of each individual pixel in the spatial light modulation device, an intensity distribution of the light is produced in the far field, which decreases starting from the zeroth diffraction order to higher diffraction orders.
- reconstruction of the scene would be brightest, i. E. the intensity of the light is highest in this central area. If the virtual visibility area is moved to the sub-holograms or holograms by adding or adding prism functions, the reconstruction of the scene may become darker.
- the virtual visibility region can thus be moved laterally only over a small path length or distance.
- the invention is not intended to be limited to a particular number of orders of diffraction over which the virtual visibility range may be shifted.
- tracking of the at least one virtual visibility region in the observer plane can be provided according to a new position of an eye of a viewer of the scene.
- the displacement of the virtual Visibility area only over a small area, for example, over two to three diffraction orders, to use for observer tracking.
- the fine tracking of the at least one virtual visibility region can be combined with coarse tracking of the at least one virtual visibility region corresponding to the position of a viewer in the viewer plane.
- the shift of the virtual visibility region by adding up prism functions to sub-holograms or to the (overall) hologram can therefore also be combined with other known methods of observer tracking.
- the tracking of the virtual visibility range corresponding to a new position of a viewer for spatial light modulation device by means of prism functions for fine tracking or fine tracking and other optical elements, such as switchable grids, used for rough tracking or coarse tracking.
- a lighting device having at least one light source and a position detection system for determining the position of the eyes of a viewer can be provided.
- the position detection system By means of the position detection system, the eye position of a viewer of the preferably three-dimensional scene for the spatial light modulation device can be determined.
- sub-holograms are calculated and added to a total hologram or hologram.
- a prism function By adding or adding a prism function preferably to the overall hologram or hologram or to the individual sub-holograms, the position of the virtual visibility region in the observer plane is then laterally shifted.
- a control device is provided, with a change in the brightness of a light source is vorrismbar.
- a change in the brightness of the reconstruction during a shift of the virtual visibility region in the observer plane can be compensated, for example, by the readjustment or adaptation of the brightness of the at least one light source. Accordingly, if it is determined by means of a position detection system that the eye pupil of an observer is located in a region corresponding to a central region of the virtual visibility region, relative to the focus position of an optical system, for example a field lens, the brightness of the at least one light source can a control device can be reduced. However, by the Position detection system determines that the eye pupil of the viewer is located in an area that is outside the central region of the virtual visibility area, seen relative to the focus position of the optical system, the brightness of the at least one light source can be increased with the controller.
- Another way of redistributing the light intensity in the diffraction orders may be, for example, to reduce the fill factor of the pixels of the spatial light modulation device or to influence this light distribution in the diffraction orders by means of an apodisation function for the amplitude or phase of each pixel of the spatial light modulation device.
- the at least one spatial light modulation device, in particular the pixels is assigned an apodization profile with which a control of the light intensity in the diffraction orders is provided.
- Apodization is a method of optical filtering in which usually the outer rings of a diffraction disk, which are the higher diffraction orders, are reduced or suppressed.
- apodization should generally be understood to change the relative intensity of the light in the rings of a diffraction disk. This also includes cases in which the light intensity in the outer rings of the diffraction disc is increased.
- Apodization is commonly used to improve the contrast of a reconstructed scene.
- the apodization of pixels can be performed by means of an apodization function t S i_M-Pixei (x, y).
- Apodization functions are generally calculated according to their use and implemented in a mask, a filter or a profile.
- Apodisation profiles are arranged as close as possible to the light-modulating optical layer of the spatial light modulation device.
- the apodization profile is provided either directly as an additional layer on the spatial light modulation device or integrated directly into the spatial light modulation device.
- a phase modulating spatial light modulation device may be combined with an apodization profile apodizing only the amplitude, or vice versa.
- both the spatial light modulation device and the apodization profile can be used for complex-valued modulation.
- An apodization function in an apodization profile calculated with the corresponding specification effects a modulation of the incident light by the combination of pixels of the spatial light modulation device and the apodization profile in such a way that the intensity values in the Fourier plane of the spatial light modulation device, which is usually the observer plane, are given there Intensity course very close or correspond.
- Another parameter for the apodization function may be a constant amplitude phase function.
- other parameters not specifically specified here in connection with the light modulation can be optimized with a method for determining an apodization function for apodization profiles.
- cosine apodization of the amplitude of a pixel of the spatial light modulation device results in higher diffraction orders being reduced in the diffraction image, but the light distribution in the two to three central diffraction orders becomes more uniform. Therefore, an amplitude profile as an apodization profile is well suited to make the light or the light intensity more uniform in selected diffraction orders.
- using a cosine apodization of the amplitude of a pixel of the spatial light modulation device may be due to the more uniform intensity distribution in the zeroth diffraction order and ⁇ 1.
- Diffraction order as compared to a rectangular pixel transmission are advantageously used in an arrangement in which by means of a prism function, which is inscribed in the pixels of the spatial light modulation device, the virtual visibility region can be displaced within these three diffraction orders.
- a microlens array having a plurality of lenses would be one way of producing such more uniform distribution of the light in multiple diffraction orders.
- the microlens array is associated with the spatial light modulator such that a lens of the microlens array is provided in front of each pixel of the spatial light modulator, such that such an arrangement would act as a phase apodization and, similar to a smaller fill factor of the spatial light modulator, a more uniform distribution of the light or causes the light intensities on multiple diffraction orders.
- Each microlens generates a focus at a short distance, which is smaller than the aperture of the pixel and therefore similar to a pixel with a reduced fill factor.
- a structured apodization profile layer and / or a delay element preferably an achromatic or apochromatic retardation layer
- the apodization profile may be a microlens-like structure applied to the pixel, or the apodization profile, also referred to as an apodization filter, may also be an absorbent alloy structure layer.
- a microlens-like surface relief profile can be pressed from top to bottom on a glass plate having on top of this a thin layer, which z. B. is an absorbent, UV-curing adhesive.
- An amplitude apodization profile of the pixels of the SLM used can thus provide a reduced light intensity in the zeroth diffraction order and an increased light intensity in the higher diffraction orders of the SLM. This is due to a reduction in the spatial frequencies that exist in the SLM plane.
- the realized form can z. For example, it may be a kind of Kaiser-Bessel window, a Gaussian window, or just a cosine function.
- a printed amplitude structure that is a continuous profile may be used which should rather not show a periodic lattice. Preference is given to immersing a microlens-like structure with a defined pixel pitch downwards in an absorbent color which can be applied to a mirror substrate. The contact points in the microlens-like structure are clear and have a nearly 100% reflectance. The regions between the lenses of this structure are dark. This works very well with a reasonably large pixel pitch.
- an apodization profile is the use of absorbent alloy compositions such as chromium oxides.
- the local thickness of such a composition defines absorption.
- a reasonably thick layer such. About 200 nm, can be locally thinned using grayscale lithography techniques (also referred to as gray-tone, gray-scale, or halftone lithography).
- a gray-type negative-tone negative lens assembly patterned in photoresist (PR) as a protective material can be etched with a dry or wet chemical. It is also possible to produce this protective structure using nanoimprint lithography (NIL) or a classical molding process.
- NIL nanoimprint lithography
- the center of the protective layer must be thinner than the outer region to produce a more transparent center of the absorbent material.
- which z. B. may be an alloy composition or other absorbent material, such as. Platinum black (Pt) or a reasonably strong absorbent material.
- Another option may be to use a wire-grid polarizer.
- an absorbing structured filter may be arranged in front of a pixel.
- the light has a defined distribution of the polarization state, which can be transmitted to an intensity profile using a polarization filter acting as an analyzer.
- the apodization profile can be formed as a phase apodization profile, each pixel of the at least one spatial light modulator is assigned a phase function, the phase function is divided into two halves such that both halves each form a kind of prism, both Prisms are mirror-symmetrical to each other.
- a further possibility of adapting the light intensity in the diffraction orders consists in the use of a diaphragm for filtering, which is arranged in or near an intermediate image plane of the virtual visibility region and has a gray value profile.
- the gray value profile of the diaphragm can be adjusted so that the light intensity is partially filtered out of a lighter region of a diffraction order in order to reduce the difference to darker areas of the diffraction order. This can be provided for multiple diffraction orders.
- the gray value profile can be adjusted such that for the diffraction orders essential for the invention, i. for the zeroth diffraction order and for the ⁇ 1. Diffraction order, such an adjustment of the light intensity is made in the diffraction orders.
- the holographic display device according to the invention can be designed as a head-up display, as a projection display or as a direct-view display.
- the display device according to the invention can be designed as a head-mounted display.
- a spatial light modulation device and an optical system are arranged in a fixed position to a head of a viewer, since a head-mounted display is attached directly to the head of the viewer in the general case.
- the position of the spatial light modulation device to the eye is thus fixed and unchanging.
- the position of the pupil of the eye may vary within the eye over a limited range of a few millimeters. Due to the relatively small distance of the head-mounted display to the eye of a viewer, the position detection system of the holographic display device of the present invention can detect the position of the pupils in the eye with high accuracy.
- a small virtual visibility area can also be generated in the observer plane.
- the virtual visibility region can only be slightly larger than the extent of an eye pupil, wherein the virtual visibility region of the pupil of the eye can be tracked.
- a 7mm virtual visibility area could be created as compared to a typical pupil size of a human eye, depending on the light conditions of about 2mm-5mm.
- the tracking range of the virtual visibility region to an eye movement here has to include only a few millimeters, that is, the range of movement of the pupil from a right edge area to a left edge area of an eye of an observer.
- a shift of the virtual visibility region in the observer plane can be performed by adding or adding a prism function to the sub-hologram or to the (overall) hologram.
- Such a shift of the virtual visibility range would then be considered or designed as fine tracking or fine tracking.
- a rough tracking or coarse tracking of the virtual visibility area is thus not required, since the viewer's head or the viewer himself does not move or move to another position relative to the spatial light modulation device or to the display device.
- LCD liquid crystal grating
- the head-mounted display can be made more compact in its construction, since such a loss of optical elements for rough tracking has a significant impact on the size and weight of the head-mounted display.
- the head-mounted display can be produced more cheaply, since now only a small number of components are present in the display device or in the display.
- a change in the brightness of the reconstruction in a shift of the virtual visibility area for example by means of the control device can be made by the brightness of the reconstruction is adjusted accordingly.
- the present object is further achieved by a method according to claim 26.
- the inventive method for displaying a two and / or three-dimensional scene is performed such that
- At least one spatial light modulation device reconstructs a scene by modulating the light and generates at least one virtual visibility region in a viewer plane, by means of which the reconstructed scene can be observed,
- An optical component is formed with at least two regions with different transparency, wherein the value of the transparency is in each case between 0 and 1, and
- At least partially filtering a DC component spot in at least one diffraction order within the at least one virtual visibility range takes place with the optical component.
- a hologram is encoded, which is constructed from sub-holograms, wherein the prism function is added to the hologram or sub-holograms, with the at least one virtual visibility range is moved or tracked in the observer plane.
- the at least one spatial light modulation device can be assigned an apodization profile which imposes an apodization function on each pixel of the spatial light modulation device.
- a shift of the virtual visibility range by means of prism function (s) need not be related to the reduction or elimination of the DC component spot in the diffraction image, but should also be regarded as an independent invention.
- in a holographic display device only the virtual visibility region is shifted by means of the prism function (s).
- the DC component spot is reduced or eliminated and, in addition, the virtual visibility range is shifted by means of the prism function (s).
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a holographic display device according to the prior art in connection with the representation of a diffraction image
- Fig. 2 a graphical representation of a light intensity distribution in one
- Fig. 3 a schematic representation of the display device of FIG. 1 at ideal
- FIG. 5 shows a basic representation of the display device according to FIG. 1 with a real modulation of the light by means of a spatial light modulation device having a hologram
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a holographic display device according to the invention
- Fig. 8 a schematic representation of a third embodiment of a holographic
- FIG. 9 is a graphical representation of an apodization function within a spatial light modulation pixel
- FIG. 6 shows a holographic display device according to the invention which has at least one spatial light modulation device SLM and one optical system 10.
- the optical system 10 here has only one optical element which is in the form of a lens, in this case a field lens, it being understood that the optical system 10 can also have a plurality of optical elements.
- the spatial light modulator SLM a hologram is encoded, which contains the information of a two-dimensional and / or three-dimensional scene to be reconstructed.
- the hologram can be constructed from a plurality of sub-holograms, but at least one sub-hologram, wherein a sub-hologram each contains the information relating to an object point of the scene.
- the spatial light modulation device which is referred to below as SLM
- the light with the information of the hologram is modulated in amplitude and phase, so that a preferably three-dimensional scene reconstructed and displayed in a viewer area.
- SLM spatial light modulation device
- the diffraction pattern or the interference pattern resulting from interfering light is produced, which besides the main maxima, the zeroth diffraction order, also shows secondary maxima, so-called higher diffraction orders.
- the zeroth order of diffraction due to modulation errors of the light, a DC spot is produced, which has a negative effect on the reconstructed scene.
- the DC component spot is repeated in the higher diffraction orders.
- a virtual visibility area or a virtual viewer window 5 is usually generated per eye of a viewer through which a viewer can observe a reconstructed scene in a viewer area.
- the extent of the virtual visibility region 5 corresponds approximately to the extent of a diffraction order. If this virtual visibility region 5 is arranged in the middle of the SLM after its generation, that is to say if the virtual visibility region 5 lies within the extent of the zeroth diffraction order, the DC spot lies in the middle region of the virtual visibility region 5, as shown in FIG.
- the virtual visibility region 5 In order to reduce or eliminate the disturbing influences of the DC component spot GAS in the observer plane 6, it is now provided to displace or shift the virtual visibility region 5. This shift takes place laterally along the observer plane 6. It is also intended to make only a small shift from an extension of half a diffraction order to a maximum of the extent of two to three diffraction orders.
- the size of the displacement of the virtual visibility area 5 depends on the purpose of the displacement. For example, to avoid or eliminate the influences of the DC component spot in the virtual visibility area 5, a displacement of the virtual visibility area 5 by an extension of half the diffraction order would be sufficient.
- a shift of the virtual visibility region 5 now takes place by adding or adding a prism function to a sub-hologram 4 or to the (overall) hologram. If the prism function is added to the sub-hologram then all the intended sub-holograms on the SLM forming the hologram must be provided with a prism function.
- the prism function produces a phase difference of a * n between adjacent pixels of the spatial light modulator so that the virtual visibility region in the observer plane can be offset by a * 1/2 diffraction orders, where a is a real factor.
- a prism function having a phase difference of ⁇ (pi) is used between adjacent pixels of the spatial light modulator, the virtual visibility region in the observer plane is offset by half a diffraction order.
- a phase difference of a * T between adjacent pixels having a real factor a corresponding to the offsetting of the virtual visibility region results in a times half a diffraction order.
- the magnitude of the diffraction order hereby corresponds to D * A / p, where D is the distance of the virtual visibility region to the spatial light modulation device or to the image of the spatial light modulation device, if there is an image of the spatial light modulation device, ⁇ the wavelength of the light and p the pixel pitch of the spatial light modulation device or the image of the spatial light modulation device is.
- the prism function is for all sub-holograms one Wavelength or a color equal. However, it is preferable to add the prism function to the hologram or the overall hologram, since this reduces the computational effort.
- the virtual visibility range 5 can thus be shifted by means of the prism function.
- the relative position of the virtual visibility area 5 changes to the DC spot GAS, as shown in FIG. 6.
- the virtual visibility area 5 can be shifted such that the DC share spot GAS lies completely at the edge area of the virtual visibility area 5.
- the virtual visibility range 5 is determined by the prism function between two DC-spots, here in FIG. 6 between the DC-spot of the +1. Diffraction order (+1 GAS) and the DC component spot of the zeroth diffraction order (0. GAS), moved and arranged so that these DC share spots are each at the edge region of the virtual visibility region 5 and thus these from the middle region of the virtual visibility region were removed.
- the new position of the sub-hologram can, for example, be determined geometrically in such a way that a projection of the shifted virtual visibility region is made by the object point to be generated at the defined correct position relative to the SLM. That is, lines from the edge of the shifted virtual visibility area 5 'are drawn through the position of the object point OP to the SLM and mark the intersections with the SLM and then form the new position of the sub-hologram designated 4' for better discrimination, as in FIG Fig. 6 represented by the dotted lines.
- a shifted position of the sub-holograms corresponds to a stationary, preferably three-dimensional scene. That is, by shifting the virtual visibility area, the viewer would view the preferably three-dimensional scene from a slightly different perspective. In other words, the observer would move a bit or a little bit around the preferably three-dimensional scene by shifting the virtual visibility area.
- this effect of the other perspective due to the shift of the sub-hologram on the SLM may also be undesirable in certain cases.
- a shift of the sub-holograms on the SLM can be dispensed with. Only the addition or addition of a prism function to the sub-hologram or to the (overall) hologram occurs. It is also preferred here if the prism function is added to the (total) hologram, after previously all sub-holograms have been added to this (total) hologram.
- This procedure has the advantage that only a small amount of computation is required in comparison to when a prism function is added to each individual sub-hologram and then these sub-holograms are added to the (overall) hologram.
- a prism function is added to each individual sub-hologram and then these sub-holograms are added to the (overall) hologram.
- FIGS. 6 to 8 only a single sub-hologram is shown in FIGS. 6 to 8.
- the present considerations on the invention should apply mutatis mutandis to a total hologram as the sum of many sub-holograms of the object points of a preferably three-dimensional scene.
- the display device may be formed as a two-stage system, which is particularly suitable for a projection display or a head-mounted display.
- a real intermediate image of the SLM and also of the virtual visibility region is first generated in an intermediate image plane 7 by means of the optical system 10, here in particular by means of the optical element 11 of the optical system 10.
- an optical component 8 is arranged.
- the optical component 8 is designed such that it has at least two regions 8 1 and 8 2 .
- the at least two regions 8 1 and 8 2 of the optical component 8 have a different transparency to each other, wherein the value of the transparency is between 0 and 1 respectively.
- the optical component 8 in FIG. 7 has a transparent or translucent region 8 1 and at least one opaque region 8 2 .
- the transparent region 8 1 serves as a base region of the optical component 8, into which at least one light-impermeable region 8 2 is introduced. This means that the at least one opaque region 8 2 is substantially smaller in size than the transparent region 8 1 .
- the extent or size of the opaque region 8 2 of the optical component 8 is smaller than an eye pupil of a human eye.
- the size of the opaque region 8 2 is only 10% to 40% of the size of the eye pupil.
- the optical component 8 may be formed as a transparent film, which is designed so that it is opaque at the position of the DC component spot and its periodic repetitions, but at other positions or in other areas light through, as shown in FIG 7 is shown. According to FIG. 7, the DC component spot in the zeroth diffraction order and in the ⁇ 1. Diffraction order as well as higher diffraction orders filtered out from the second diffraction order.
- the optical component 8 may be formed in addition to a film as an actively switchable element.
- the optical component 8 could be formed as a liquid crystal layer. This liquid crystal layer could be combined with at least one polarization element. Depending on the switching state of the liquid crystal layer by means of an electrode arrangement, the polarization element blocks or transmits the incident light.
- the shape of an electrode of the electrode array for driving the liquid crystal layer may correspond to the area to be switched between transparent and opaque.
- the optical component 8 can also be designed in such a way that it also transmits the light of several diffraction orders with the exception of the repetitions of the DC component spot in these diffraction orders. In addition, certain higher orders of diffraction can also be completely filtered out if necessary.
- light in the virtual visibility region 5 now lacks at the location of the filtered-out DC component spot after a mapping of the intermediate image plane 7 by means of the optical system 10.
- an optical element 1 1 1 of the optical system 10 is provided in Fig. 7, which is shown here as a lens. Since, however, the filtered DC spot is generally smaller in size than the typical size of a human eye pupil, this lack of light has in the virtual visibility area 5 no disturbing influence on the perceived by a viewer preferably three-dimensional scene in the viewer area.
- the optical component has a gray value profile.
- this gray value profile is designed in such a way that it has a darker gray value in the region of the DC component spot and thus passes less light through or attenuates the intensity in this region.
- a brighter or lighter predefined gray value may be assigned, so that sufficient light is transmitted through the optical component and on the Eye of a viewer can get.
- the optical component additionally has regions with a gradient of transparency, that is to say a gray value curve.
- This gray value course which can be provided only in a certain area or regions of the optical component or also in the entire region of the optical component, can be used, for example, to change the distribution of the light intensity in the virtual visibility region.
- the distribution of the light intensity in the diffraction orders may cause a viewer whose eye pupil is in an edge region of the virtual visibility region to perceive a darker reconstruction of a preferably three-dimensional scene than in the middle or in the opposite edge region of the virtual visibility region.
- the light distribution can be effected more uniformly or produced by darkening regions of the virtual visibility region with increased brightness.
- the holographic display device of Fig. 7 is shown.
- it may further be provided to shift the virtual visibility region 5 by adding prism functions to the sub-holograms or to the (overall) hologram.
- the virtual visibility region 5 is shifted by the extent of half a diffraction order in order to track it to a displaced eye position of a viewer.
- the example shows the shift of the virtual visibility area 5 by half a diffraction order.
- the virtual visibility region can also be moved continuously in the observer plane 6.
- the displacement of the virtual visibility region 5 may be within the extension of the three diffraction orders shown here, ie within the zeroth diffraction order and ⁇ 1. Diffraction order, carried out by the filtering by means of the optical component 8.
- light from the DC spot could, for example, also be deflected so that it does not reach the observer level.
- the optical component in the intermediate image plane of the virtual visibility region could then be formed with a region which, although transparent, has a phase function in the form of a prism. Light from this area is then preferably deflected so that it is incident on the optical system, e.g. a lens or a lens system, for imaging the intermediate image of the virtual visibility area in the viewing plane or in the virtual visibility area itself sideways and therefore advantageously does not reach the virtual visibility area in the observer plane.
- the optical system e.g. a lens or a lens system
- the virtual visibility region can optionally be arranged centrally, thus symmetrically to the focal point of the optical system 10, or by adding a prism function to the sub-hologram or to the (overall) Hologram be arranged shifted in one or the other lateral direction.
- a reconstruction of the preferably three-dimensional scene with high quality by a viewer which is represented here by means of an eye 12, can be observed.
- the shift of the virtual visibility region preferably takes place over a small area, for example over an extension of two to three diffraction orders. Furthermore, the shift of the virtual visibility area can be used or used for viewer tracking.
- a position detection system For an observer tracking the current position of an eye of a viewer is determined with a position detection system. Depending on the detected eye position then sub-holograms are calculated and added to a hologram or a total hologram.
- a prism function By adding or adding a prism function, preferably to the (total) hologram or to the individual sub-holograms and their encoding in the SLM, the position of the virtual visibility region in the observer plane then becomes, after incidence of sufficiently coherent light on the SLM and its modulation by means of the SLM 6 moved accordingly.
- a displacement of a real factor a times Vi diffraction order corresponds to a phase difference of a * ⁇ n between adjacent pixels of the SLM.
- the sign of the phase difference between neighboring pixels determines whether the displacement of the virtual visibility region takes place laterally in one direction or laterally in the other direction.
- the optical component 8 for filtering the DC component spot in the zeroth diffraction order and in the ⁇ 1st order of diffraction and the filtering of all higher orders of diffraction from the second diffraction order is embodied there as a foil which has a plurality of blackened, light-blocking areas and a transparent, translucent area, which is divided into several areas, wherein, as already mentioned, the translucent area can be regarded as a base area in which a plurality of opaque areas are incorporated.
- the optical component 8 is arranged at a fixed position to the SLM in the holographic display device.
- a movable, controllable optical component for filtering or reducing the DC component spot in at least one diffraction order.
- Diffraction order would lead to disturbances in the virtual visibility range, would not be filtered out by the optical component, not all three DC share spots of these diffraction orders, but in each case only a DC share spot thereof. This means that only the DC spot that is in the virtual visibility area should be filtered out.
- the optical component therefore preferably only needs to be designed such that, in addition to the transparent Area only a single opaque area is present.
- the optical component with this single opaque region is then shifted depending on the observer's detected eye position such that the opaque region filters out one of the DC spots - either the zeroth DC spot or another DC higher order DC spot.
- a shift of the virtual visibility region would usually lead to an altered brightness of the perceived preferably three-dimensional scene, which does not correspond to the real brightness. Due to the filling factor of the SLM and the amplitude transmission of the individual pixels in the SLM, an intensity distribution is produced in the far field which decreases towards higher diffraction orders. This means that if the virtual visibility area is centrally located, thus centered on the SLM, the reconstruction would be brightest. However, if the virtual visibility range is shifted to another position in the observer plane by the addition of prism functions, the reconstruction becomes darker in intensity. Therefore, only a few diffraction orders, such as two to three diffraction orders, can be advantageously used in which the virtual visibility range can be provided. The virtual visibility region can thus be displaced laterally in the observer plane only over small areas or distances.
- the shifting of the virtual visibility region by the provision of prism functions in the sub-hologram or in the (overall) hologram can also be combined with already known methods of observer tracking.
- the proposed solution for tracking the virtual visibility region by means of prism functions can not only be used to eliminate a DC component spot in the virtual visibility region, but is also particularly suitable for fine tracking or fine tracking of the virtual visibility region.
- optical elements such as switchable grids can be used.
- An example would be a 7 mm virtual visibility area or viewer window compared to a typical pupil size of a human eye, depending on the light conditions of about 2 mm - 5 mm.
- a change in the brightness of the reconstruction by the addition of prism functions to the sub-hologram or to the (overall) hologram in conjunction with a shift of the virtual visibility range can be compensated, for example, by controlling and adjusting the brightness of the illumination device 2, in particular of the at least one light source 3 becomes.
- the position detection system that the eye pupil of a viewer of the preferably three-dimensional scene to be considered is located in an area corresponding to a central position of the virtual visibility area relative to the focus position of the optical system, the brightness of the at least one light source 3 can be adjusted by a light intensity adjustment device 13 be reduced.
- the position detection system detects that the eye pupil is located in an area that is outside the central position of the virtual visibility area relative to the focus position of the optical system, the brightness of the at least one light source 3 corresponding to this position is determined by the controller 13 Eye pupil in the virtual visibility area increased.
- redistribution of the light intensity in the diffraction orders can be achieved by reducing the fill factor of the pixels of the SLM. Further, redistribution of light intensity in the diffraction orders could also be done by means of an apodization profile having an apodization function that affects the amplitude or phase in each pixel of the SLM.
- an apodization profile that realizes a cosine apodization of the amplitude of a pixel results in that higher diffraction orders are reduced, the light distribution in the two to three central diffraction orders in the diffraction image, that is, the zeroth diffraction order and the ⁇ 1. Diffraction order, but is distributed more evenly.
- a microlens array having a plurality of lenses with a lens in front of each pixel would act as a phase apodization and, similar to a smaller fill factor of the SLM, cause a distribution of the light to multiple diffraction orders in the diffraction image.
- apodization profile which performs a phase apodization is shown.
- a prism function divided into two halves is provided here. This prism function is assigned to each pixel of the SLM.
- the prism function is designed such that the left and the right half of the prism function of each pixel of the SLM forms so-called mirror-symmetrically arranged prisms. As can be seen in FIG.
- FIG. 10 shows, in analogy to FIG. 4, a graphic representation of an amplitude distribution in the three diffraction orders, zeroth diffraction order (0. BO), 1. Diffraction order (+1.B0) and -1. Diffraction order (-1. BO) as a result of the phase apodization shown in FIG.
- the intensity distribution of the light in the respective Diffraction orders are proportional to the square of the amplitudes shown.
- Comparison of Figures 4 and 10 shows that in Figure 10 less light is directed to the zeroth diffraction order, but more light into the -1. Diffraction order and in the +1. Diffraction order is performed. As a result, the brightness changes in the reconstruction of the preferably three-dimensional scene that a viewer would perceive when his eye is between the -1. Diffraction order, the zeroth diffraction order and the +1. Diffraction order moves, reduced in comparison to the display device of FIG. 4, in which no such Apodisationsprofil is provided in the SLM.
- Another alternative possibility for adjusting the light intensity in the individual diffraction orders could be the use of an aperture for filtering.
- a diaphragm has a gray value profile for this purpose.
- the gray scale gradient of the diaphragm is adjusted in such a way that the light intensity is partially filtered out of the brighter part of the diffraction order, for example from the zero diffraction order, in order to distinguish it from the darker parts of the diffraction order, ie the higher diffraction orders, such as ⁇ 1 , Diffraction order, decrease.
- the apodization according to FIGS. 9 and 10 can be carried out and, in addition, the brightness of the at least one light source 3 can be adapted with a control device 13 to the detected eye position.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US16/327,886 US11397407B2 (en) | 2016-08-24 | 2017-08-24 | Holographic display device |
| CN201780051559.9A CN109643082A (zh) | 2016-08-24 | 2017-08-24 | 全息显示装置 |
| JP2019510962A JP7358235B2 (ja) | 2016-08-24 | 2017-08-24 | ホログラフィックディスプレイ装置 |
| KR1020197008370A KR102470738B1 (ko) | 2016-08-24 | 2017-08-24 | 홀로그래픽 디스플레이 디바이스 |
| DE112017004213.5T DE112017004213A5 (de) | 2016-08-24 | 2017-08-24 | Holographische Anzeigevorrichtung |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| EP16185438 | 2016-08-24 | ||
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| JP (1) | JP7358235B2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR102470738B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN109643082A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE112017004213A5 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2018037077A2 (de) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019076963A1 (de) | 2017-10-18 | 2019-04-25 | Seereal Technologies S.A. | Anzeigevorrichtung und verfahren zur erzeugung eines grossen sichtfeldes |
| WO2019122295A2 (de) | 2017-12-21 | 2019-06-27 | Seereal Technologies S.A. | Anzeigevorrichtung und verfahren zur nachführung eines virtuellen sichtbarkeitsbereichs |
| CN111402712A (zh) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-07-10 | 嘉兴驭光光电科技有限公司 | 衍射抑制光学部件设计方法、显示屏和屏下摄像装置 |
| WO2026003272A1 (en) * | 2024-06-28 | 2026-01-02 | Envisics Ltd | User positioning within an eye-box of a head-up display |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR102577707B1 (ko) * | 2018-04-30 | 2023-09-14 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 진폭 변조 홀로그램을 위한 홀로그램 인코딩 및 홀로그램 화질 평가 장치 및 그 방법 |
| CN114175627B (zh) * | 2019-06-07 | 2024-04-12 | 交互数字Vc控股公司 | 用于基于分布式光孔的光场显示器的光学方法和系统 |
| CN110599922A (zh) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-12-20 | 苏州维卡幻境智能科技有限公司 | 基于全息展示窗的照明设备以及系统 |
| GB2589575B (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2022-01-12 | Envisics Ltd | Pupil expander |
| CN111752131B (zh) * | 2020-05-25 | 2021-07-30 | 北京邮电大学 | 一种基于led全息显示的失焦现象优化方法及系统 |
| US20220004148A1 (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2022-01-06 | Grimaldi, Inc. | Apparatus and method of reproduction of a diffractive pattern |
| GB2629560A (en) * | 2023-04-17 | 2024-11-06 | Envisics Ltd | DC order block |
| CN117011145B (zh) * | 2023-09-22 | 2024-02-23 | 杭州未名信科科技有限公司 | 智慧工地物料的全息图像显示拼接方法及应用其的系统 |
| CN119834882A (zh) * | 2024-11-29 | 2025-04-15 | 上海交通大学 | 基于光强图像处理的空分复用器件串扰实现方法 |
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| JP3914650B2 (ja) * | 1999-02-25 | 2007-05-16 | 日本放送協会 | 立体表示装置 |
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| JP4463567B2 (ja) | 2004-01-06 | 2010-05-19 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 三次元像表示装置および三次元像表示方法 |
| GB2438458A (en) * | 2006-05-11 | 2007-11-28 | Univ Cambridge Tech | Blocking zero-order light in phase shift hologram generation |
| DE102007023785B4 (de) | 2007-05-16 | 2014-06-18 | Seereal Technologies S.A. | Analytisches Verfahren zu Berechnung von Videohologrammen in Echtzeit und holographische Wiedergabeeinrichtung |
| GB0718595D0 (en) * | 2007-05-16 | 2007-10-31 | Seereal Technologies Sa | Holograms |
| DE102007023740B4 (de) * | 2007-05-16 | 2009-04-09 | Seereal Technologies S.A. | Verfahren zur Generierung von Videohologrammen für eine holographische Wiedergabeeinrichtung mit wahlfreier Adressierung |
| DE102007025069B4 (de) | 2007-05-21 | 2018-05-24 | Seereal Technologies S.A. | Holographisches Rekonstruktionssystem |
| DE102009060582A1 (de) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-06-30 | Seereal Technologies S.A. | Beleuchtungsvorrichtung mit einer Filtereinrichtung |
| US9406166B2 (en) * | 2010-11-08 | 2016-08-02 | Seereal Technologies S.A. | Display device, in particular a head-mounted display, based on temporal and spatial multiplexing of hologram tiles |
| US20150085331A1 (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2015-03-26 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Wide-viewing angle holographic display apparatus |
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- 2017-08-24 US US16/327,886 patent/US11397407B2/en active Active
- 2017-08-24 WO PCT/EP2017/071328 patent/WO2018037077A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2017-08-24 CN CN201780051559.9A patent/CN109643082A/zh active Pending
- 2017-08-24 KR KR1020197008370A patent/KR102470738B1/ko active Active
- 2017-08-24 DE DE112017004213.5T patent/DE112017004213A5/de active Pending
- 2017-08-24 JP JP2019510962A patent/JP7358235B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2009156191A1 (de) | 2008-06-26 | 2009-12-30 | Seereal Technologies S.A. | Holographisches direktsichtdisplay mit apodisationseinrichtung |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019076963A1 (de) | 2017-10-18 | 2019-04-25 | Seereal Technologies S.A. | Anzeigevorrichtung und verfahren zur erzeugung eines grossen sichtfeldes |
| US11835721B2 (en) | 2017-10-18 | 2023-12-05 | Seereal Technologies S.A. | Display device and method for producing a large field of vision |
| WO2019122295A2 (de) | 2017-12-21 | 2019-06-27 | Seereal Technologies S.A. | Anzeigevorrichtung und verfahren zur nachführung eines virtuellen sichtbarkeitsbereichs |
| US12298522B2 (en) | 2017-12-21 | 2025-05-13 | Seereal Technologies S.A. | Display device and method for tracking a virtual visibility region |
| CN111402712A (zh) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-07-10 | 嘉兴驭光光电科技有限公司 | 衍射抑制光学部件设计方法、显示屏和屏下摄像装置 |
| WO2026003272A1 (en) * | 2024-06-28 | 2026-01-02 | Envisics Ltd | User positioning within an eye-box of a head-up display |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE112017004213A5 (de) | 2019-05-09 |
| KR20190040310A (ko) | 2019-04-17 |
| JP7358235B2 (ja) | 2023-10-10 |
| US20190196402A1 (en) | 2019-06-27 |
| JP2019528481A (ja) | 2019-10-10 |
| CN109643082A (zh) | 2019-04-16 |
| WO2018037077A3 (de) | 2018-04-26 |
| KR102470738B1 (ko) | 2022-11-24 |
| US11397407B2 (en) | 2022-07-26 |
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