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WO2018034439A1 - Procédé de communication dépendant de la rétrodiffusion pour transmission d'énergie sans fil et système de communication dépendant de la rétrodiffusion associé - Google Patents

Procédé de communication dépendant de la rétrodiffusion pour transmission d'énergie sans fil et système de communication dépendant de la rétrodiffusion associé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018034439A1
WO2018034439A1 PCT/KR2017/007962 KR2017007962W WO2018034439A1 WO 2018034439 A1 WO2018034439 A1 WO 2018034439A1 KR 2017007962 W KR2017007962 W KR 2017007962W WO 2018034439 A1 WO2018034439 A1 WO 2018034439A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sensor node
command
wireless
terminal device
wireless power
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PCT/KR2017/007962
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
박용주
임승옥
임용석
윤창석
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Korea Electronics Technology Institute
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Korea Electronics Technology Institute
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Priority claimed from KR1020170093529A external-priority patent/KR102029833B1/ko
Publication of WO2018034439A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018034439A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity

Definitions

  • the present invention utilizes an existing communication infrastructure without additional infrastructure or charging infrastructure, and communicates with sensor nodes such as sensors, tags, and wearable devices in backscattering, and enables wireless power transmission to the sensor nodes.
  • the present invention relates to a backscatter dependent communication method for wireless power transmission and a backscatter dependent communication system for the same.
  • IoT Internet of Internet
  • IoT Internet of Internet
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • Such IoT devices may be broadly classified into sensor modules for detecting peripheral information, communication modules for transmitting and receiving data, signal processing modules for processing the detected signals and data for transmitting and receiving, and the like. Thus, the configuration may vary.
  • wireless communication technologies applied to such IoT devices include radio frequency identification (RFID), Near Field Communicatio (NFC), Zigbee, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Long-Term Evolution (LTE), and Wi-Fi.
  • RFID radio frequency identification
  • NFC Near Field Communicatio
  • BLE Bluetooth Low Energy
  • LTE Long-Term Evolution
  • Wi-Fi wireless communication technologies applied to such IoT devices
  • IoT devices are installed in various places and locations according to the application to monitor and control the surrounding environment, depending on the installed location may be limited by the power supply.
  • the present invention is proposed to wirelessly supply power to a sensor node, such as an IoT device, which is difficult to supply by using a built-in communication infrastructure such as a Wi-Fi access point (AP). Without additional infrastructure, information is transmitted and received through carrier modulation on radio signals in ISM (Industrial Scientific Medical) bands used in existing communication infrastructures such as sensor nodes and Wi-Fi, and the state of the sensor nodes is monitored based on the information.
  • ISM Intelligent Scientific Medical
  • the present invention is a terminal device capable of communicating with the wireless AP of the established communication infrastructure transmits power and data for communication to the sensor node
  • the sensor node is a carrier of the radio signal used between the terminal device and the wireless AP
  • the sensor node is controlled through the terminal device to control the sensor node, and the wireless node can supply wireless power to the sensor node recognized through the terminal device through the wireless AP.
  • the present invention provides a backscatter dependent communication method for power transmission and a backscatter dependent communication system for the same.
  • the present invention can form a channel with the terminal device to transmit and receive data, check the power and voltage state of the sensor node in accordance with the command from the terminal device, Therefore, a wireless access point (CW) transmitting wireless power in the form of CW (Continous Wave) to a sensor node, a data packet including a predetermined command, and a response waiting field (RWF) packet for a response of the sensor node are transmitted. And a terminal device which decodes a response packet transmitted from the sensor node to collect information from the sensor node or controls the sensor node, and instructs the wireless AP to transmit wireless power to the sensor node, and the wireless AP.
  • CW wireless access point
  • RWF response waiting field
  • It operates by receiving the CW power of the wireless power from the terminal device, receiving and processing the data packet from the terminal device, backscattering It provides a backscatter dependent communication system comprising a sensor node for transmitting the response packet by changing the received signal sensitivity of the RWF packet transmitted from the terminal device through.
  • the present invention comprises the steps of the terminal device transmits a response packet (RWF: Packet Waiting Field) to the sensor node for the response of the sensor node and the data packet including a predetermined command; Receiving, by the terminal device, a response packet to the command transmitted by varying the signal sensitivity of the RWF packet through backscattering from the sensor node through the wireless AP; Decoding, by the terminal device, the received response packet; And controlling the terminal device to perform wireless power transfer to the sensor node by instructing the wireless AP to transmit wireless power to the sensor node.
  • RWF Packet Waiting Field
  • the sensor node includes a plurality of memory banks in which unique information of the sensor node, a measured value sensed by the sensor unit, and information related to a battery providing power for operating the sensor unit are stored.
  • the response packet is a change in the channel state information (CSI) level or the received signal strength indication (RSSI) level of the RWF according to data transmitted by the sensor node, and includes a frame detection field, a starting point detection field, and a data preamble. And a payload including a preamble including a data field and a frame check field.
  • CSI channel state information
  • RSSI received signal strength indication
  • the data packet transmitted by the terminal device may include a wake-up field for wake-up of the sensor node, a preamble including a sync detection field for finding a data start position, and a data field and a frame check field.
  • the frame detection field includes a payload, and the frame detection field includes information for identifying characteristics of a reference channel, information for packet detection using a change in reception sensitivity of a sensor node, and determination reference information for data determination through RSSI or CSI.
  • the data preamble field may include reference information for data restoration.
  • the terminal device and the sensor node the select state for recognizing one or more sensor nodes, the inventory state for selecting one of the recognized sensor nodes, the information of the selected sensor node
  • An access state controlling wireless power transmission is sequentially performed, and a command according to a current state is transmitted and received through the data packet and the response packet.
  • the command included in the data packet may include a select command for recognizing one or more sensor nodes existing in a communicable area, a query command for transmitting parameters for preventing collision between multiple sensor nodes, QueryRep. Command, which indicates the reduction of parameters generated by the Query command, QueryAdj.
  • the present invention provides a communication system comprising a terminal device, a wireless AP and a sensor node, the wireless AP receiving a wireless power transfer command for a specific sensor node from the terminal device; Transmitting, by the wireless AP, a command to start wireless power transfer control to the specific sensor node according to the wireless power transfer command; Receiving, by the wireless AP, static characteristic information about rectifier power and voltage from a sensor node receiving the command; The wireless AP receiving dynamic characteristic information about rectifier power and voltage from the sensor node; And transmitting, by the wireless AP, a control command instructing the start or stop of wireless power transmission to a sensor node according to the static characteristic information and the dynamic characteristic information. do.
  • the present invention is applied to the field of application services such as IoT, micro sensor industry and environmental monitoring related industry, and is a technology for wirelessly supplying power to control IoT devices, micro sensors, wearable devices that are not easily powered.
  • the present invention is a terminal device capable of communicating with the wireless AP of the established communication infrastructure transmits power and data for communication to the sensor node
  • the sensor node is a carrier wave of the radio signal used between the terminal device and the wireless AP
  • the sensor node is controlled through the terminal device to control the sensor node, and by supplying wireless power to the sensor node recognized through the terminal device through the wireless AP.
  • sensor nodes such as IoT devices, micro sensors, wearable devices, and the like, and wirelessly provide power to the sensor nodes by utilizing a communication infrastructure using an existing ISM band without constructing an additional infrastructure.
  • the present invention enables the operation of a sensor that can operate at low power (several tens of uW or less), energy collection, and communication without a separate infrastructure for a sensor node such as the IoT device, a micro sensor, and a wearable device. .
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration and schematic operation of a backscatter dependent communication system for wireless power transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a data transmission method of a downlink in a backscatter dependent communication method for wireless power transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a data transmission method of an uplink in a backscatter dependent communication method for wireless power transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a communication procedure for wireless power transmission in the backscatter dependent communication method for wireless power transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a downlink frame structure of a physical layer in a backscatter dependent communication method for wireless power transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a detailed structure of a preamble field in a downlink frame in a backscatter dependent communication method for wireless power transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a detailed structure of a payload of a downlink frame in a backscatter dependent communication method for wireless power transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an uplink frame structure of a physical layer in a back scanner dependent communication method for wireless power transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a detailed structure of a preamble field in an uplink frame in a backscatter dependent communication method for wireless power transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a detailed structure of a frame detection field of an uplink frame in a backscatter dependent communication method for wireless power transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a detailed structure of a payload of an uplink frame in a backscatter dependent communication method for wireless power transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a memory structure of a sensor node for backscatter dependent communication for wireless power transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a parasitic communication state for wireless power transmission and an operation state for each parasitic communication state in a backscatter dependent communication method for wireless power transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a process for obtaining and controlling information of RF wireless power transmission between a wireless AP and a sensor node in a backscatter dependent communication method for wireless power transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall system configuration for backscatter dependent communication for wireless power transmission according to the present invention.
  • a backscatter dependent communication system for wireless power transmission includes a wireless access point (AP) 100, a terminal device 200, and a sensor node 300.
  • AP wireless access point
  • terminal device 200 a terminal device
  • sensor node 300 a sensor node
  • the wireless AP 100 is a device for relaying wireless connection and data transmission and reception of the terminal device 200 in the established communication infrastructure.
  • the wireless AP 100 may form a channel with the terminal device 200 existing in communication coverage according to a known communication protocol, for example, a Wi-Fi standard, and may transmit / receive data through the formed channel. .
  • data transmitted and received through the channel conforms to the Wi-Fi standard.
  • the present invention intends to communicate with the sensor node 300 and supply wireless power using the wireless AP 100.
  • the wireless AP 100 detects a signal sensitivity change (CSI level or RSSI level) of the response signal transmitted by changing the sensitivity by the back scattering from the sensor node 300 to the terminal device 200. To pass. have.
  • the wireless AP 100 according to the present invention provides the sensor node 300 with wireless power in the form of CW (Continuous Wave) for wireless power transmission according to a command from the terminal device 200.
  • CW Continuous Wave
  • the terminal device 200 is a device capable of communicating by occupying a channel of the wireless AP 100 according to an existing communication protocol (for example, Wi-Fi standard), for example, a smartphone, a tablet PC, or the like. It may be the same user terminal device.
  • the present invention can recognize the surrounding sensor node 300 through the terminal device 200, and control the sensor node 300.
  • the terminal device 200 is a data packet including a predetermined command to the sensor node 300 in a pulse interval encoding (PIE) scheme and a response wait (RWF) to be used for a response to the data packet.
  • PIE pulse interval encoding
  • RWF response wait
  • Response Waiting Field Packet transmission.
  • the terminal device 200 checks the CSI or RSSI level of the response packet transmitted from the sensor node 300 to backscattering through the wireless AP 100 to decode and process the response packet.
  • the terminal device 200 recognizes the adjacent sensor node 300 through the backscatter dependent communication with the sensor node 300, and transmits wireless power to the recognized sensor node 300. Instructs the AP 100.
  • the sensor node 300 is a device to which wireless power is transmitted.
  • the sensor node 300 may be a micro device or a portable device which is difficult to supply power, such as a micro sensor device or an IoT device or a wearable device. .
  • the sensor node 300 decodes and processes the data packet transmitted from the terminal device 200, and waits for a response packet in which the terminal device 200 subsequently transmits the response packet.
  • the sensor node 300 is provided with a Backscatter Communication Unit (BCU) that supports communication in a backscatter fashion without a power supply as a communication module.
  • BCU Backscatter Communication Unit
  • the BSC Backscatter Communication Unit
  • the BSC Backscatter Communication Unit
  • the power source is open to the radio signal from the terminal device 200 Represents a communication module to communicate.
  • the smart sensor unit refers to various sensors (for example, a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor) attachable to the sensor node 300, and at this time, the amount of power required for each sensor may be different. For this purpose, a separate power supply means is required.
  • Battery unit is a configuration for supporting the sensor-specific operating power of the sensor node 300, in particular, refers to a battery and a circuit that is charged by receiving wireless power.
  • wireless power transmission includes energy harvesting, magnetic induction, or magnetic resonance wireless power transmission in a broad sense, and means wirelessly transmitting power to facilities in a living infrastructure using RF radio waves.
  • the present invention provides a communication procedure for performing wireless power transfer to the sensor node (300).
  • the terminal device 200 transmits a radio signal and a data packet to the sensor node 300 to wake up and drive the sensor node 300, particularly the BCU. (S100). Thereafter, the sensor node 300 changes its channel to change a channel signal formed between the terminal device 200 and the wireless AP 100 and transmits a response packet to be sent to the terminal device 200. (S200). At this time, the wireless AP 100 receives the response packet transmitted from the sensor node 300 to backscattering, detects a change in the CSI level or the RSSI level, and transmits the change to the terminal device 200. Accordingly, the terminal device 200 may receive information from the sensor node 300 by decoding the response of the sensor node 300.
  • the information sent by the sensor node 300 may be configured in various ways such as ID information given to the sensor node 300, battery information provided in the sensor node 300, and sensor data detected by the sensor node 300.
  • the terminal device 200 commands wireless power for the sensor node 300 to the wireless AP 100 while processing the information transmitted from the sensor node 300 (S300).
  • the wireless AP 100 receives the battery, the voltage of the sensor node 300 itself, information on the remaining battery level, etc. from the sensor node 300 according to the command of the terminal device 200, and based on this, wireless power transmission is performed in real time. Perform and control (S400).
  • a downlink for transmitting data from the terminal device 200 to the sensor node 300 and a sensor node 300 for transmitting data to the terminal device 200 are provided.
  • the data transmission scheme is different.
  • a pulse interval encoding (PIE) method is used in which a bit value is changed according to a packet length as a modulation method for data transmission, and in the uplink, a received signal according to a bit value is a modulation method for data transmission.
  • PIE pulse interval encoding
  • a two-level approach is used to vary the sensitivity of.
  • FMO coding or Miller coding can be used.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a downlink communication method for transmitting data from the terminal device 200 to the sensor node 300 in the backscatter dependent communication method for wireless power transmission according to the present invention.
  • the terminal device 200 and the wireless AP 100 should form a communication channel.
  • the communication channel may be established according to an existing communication protocol (eg, Wi-Fi standard).
  • the terminal device 200 transmits a data packet, which may be simultaneously received by the wireless AP 100 and the sensor node 300 located near the terminal device 200.
  • the data packet transmitted by the terminal device 200 is coded differently and transmitted according to bit values (0, 1). That is, the packet including the preamble P, the header H, and the payload D represents bit '1', and the packet consisting of the preamble P and the header H represents bit '0'. .
  • predetermined information 1011 may be transmitted by continuously transmitting packets having different lengths.
  • the bit value is changed according to the presence or absence of the payload D.
  • the length of the payload D may be different. That is, all packets transmitted on the downlink are composed of a preamble (P), a header (H), and a payload (D), wherein the length of the payload (D) depends on the bit value (1 or 0). Different.
  • the data packet transmitted from the terminal device 200 is a signal of the same band as the carrier of the channel formed in the terminal device 200 and the wireless AP 100, but the structure of the data frame is different.
  • the structure of the data frame will be described later.
  • FIG. 2B transmits the same carrier signal.
  • the sensor node 300 operates by obtaining energy from the data packet of the terminal device 200 transmitted as described above, and then decodes the length of the received data packet to transmit the information (or command) sent by the terminal device 200.
  • the wireless AP 100 may receive the data packet transmitted by the terminal device 200, but since the frame format is different, the wireless AP 100 ignores the data packet.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a data transmission method of an uplink in which a sensor node 300 transmits data to a terminal device 200 in a backscatter communication method for wireless power transmission according to the present invention.
  • the terminal device 200 transmits a meaningless response waiting (RWF) packet to the sensor node 300 for a response.
  • RWF meaningless response waiting
  • the sensitivity change of the received signal of the wireless AP 100 is confirmed by the backscattering of the sensor node 300 through the generated channel with the wireless AP 100.
  • the sensitivity change of the received signal is measured through a change in a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) or a channel state information (CSI).
  • RSSI received signal strength indicator
  • CSI channel state information
  • the sensor node 300 receives a channel between the terminal device 200 and the wireless AP 100 through backscattering when transmitting a continuous packet (RWF) transmitted by the terminal device 200 without directly active communication. This is because information is transmitted by changing the sensitivity of the signal.
  • RWF continuous packet
  • the sensor node 300 backscatters at this time.
  • RWF response waiting field
  • ASK Amplitude Shift Keying
  • 3B illustrates an RWF packet whose received signal sensitivity is changed by the sensor node 300 in a backscattering manner.
  • the wireless AP 100 measures the received signal sensitivity of the RWF packet transmitted from the terminal device 200 at the CIS level or the RSSI level and transmits the received signal sensitivity to the terminal device 200.
  • the terminal device 200 decodes information to be sent by the sensor node 300 according to the received signal sensitivity confirmed by the wireless AP 100. For example, when the reception sensitivity is better than the reference sensitivity, it may be decoded as '1' and in case of bad reception, '0'. In addition, as shown in (b) of FIG. 3, each packet may be decoded into '101', '010', ..., etc. according to reception sensitivity.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating data flow according to downlink and uplink between a wireless AP 100, a terminal device 200, and a sensor node 300 in a backscattering dependent communication method for wireless power transmission according to the present invention. to be.
  • the terminal device 200 wakes up and recognizes a neighboring sensor node 300 (CMD). Send a data packet containing the command.
  • the terminal device 200 sends a packet consisting of a preamble + header + data payload (P + H + D) when sending '1' and a preamble + header (P + H) when sending '0'.
  • Send a packet In another example, the terminal device 200 sends a packet consisting of a preamble + header + long data payload (P + H + D1) when sending '1' and a preamble + header + short when sending '0'.
  • PIE pulse interval encoding
  • the sensor node 300 detects the energy level by receiving the data packet, and is activated accordingly to decode the command sent from the terminal device 200 by measuring the length of the received packet (CMD decoding). Meanwhile, since the wireless AP 100 is similar to the existing Wi-Fi packet of the data packet, the wireless AP 100 may receive the same, but accepts bit information in the packet without meaning.
  • the sensor node 300 operates in an uplink period for sending a response packet.
  • the terminal device 200 transmits a meaningless response waiting (RWF) packet for the response of the sensor node 300.
  • the RWF packet consists only of a preamble and a header (P + H).
  • the sensor node 300 decodes the RWF packet as 000..000, and recognizes an uplink period.
  • the sensor node 300 performs backscattering according to the information (101010 ... 101010) that it wants to send to the terminal device 200, thereby changing the received signal sensitivity of the RWF packet.
  • the wireless AP 100 may receive an RWF packet transmitted from the terminal device 200, wherein the RWF packet is changed by a backscatter of the sensor node 300 to change the signal level. Is received.
  • the wireless AP 100 detects a change in the received signal sensitivity due to backscattering of the sensor node 300 with respect to the RWF packet.
  • the wireless AP 100 transmits the detected change in the received signal sensitivity to the terminal device 200 as a response by the sensor node 300, and the terminal device 200 receives the received signal.
  • the response of the sensor node 300 is decoded according to the sensitivity change, and the information sent from the sensor node 300 is confirmed.
  • a second downlink period in which the terminal device 200 commands wireless power transmission to the wireless AP 100 is performed.
  • the terminal device 200 transmits a command (WPT command) for instructing wireless power transmission to the wireless AP 100 through a previously generated channel, and the wireless AP 100 receiving the same
  • WPT command a command for instructing wireless power transmission to the wireless AP 100 through a previously generated channel
  • the state of the sensor node 300 is checked and wireless power transmission is performed accordingly.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a downlink frame structure of a physical layer in wireless power transmission according to the present invention.
  • the downlink frame includes, for example, an 8-bit preamble and a payload of 0 to 260 bits.
  • the payload is composed of a data field of 0 to 255 bits and a frame check sequence field of 5 bits.
  • the downlink frame is transmitted and received from the most significant bit (MSB).
  • MSB most significant bit
  • the preamble In the downlink frame, the preamble consists of 8 bits as shown in FIG. 6, and consists of four bits '1111 2 ' and four bits '0000 2 '. The first four bits of the preamble are used as a wake-up signal for waking and operating the sensor node 300, and the next four bits are used as a synchronization signal (Sync_finder) to find a data start position.
  • Sync_finder synchronization signal
  • the payload of the downlink frame is composed of a data field to be transmitted and a frame check sequence (FCS) field for checking an error thereof, as shown in FIG. 7, but the frame check sequence is not included when the length of the data field is zero. . Therefore, the payload length is from 0 bits up to 260 bits.
  • FCS frame check sequence
  • the frame check sequence field may be generated using, for example, a 5-bit Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC), and is generated by calculating a data field.
  • CRC Cyclic Redundancy Code
  • the sensor node 300 In performing the downlink communication based on the above-described frame structure, the sensor node 300 should be activated by the preamble of the downlink packet, and the power requirement required by each sensor node 300 may be different. To this end, the present invention allows the sensor node 300 to continuously transmit the preamble variably until the sensor node 300 is activated to transmit a response signal. In this case, the number of repetitive dispatches of the preamble for wakeup of the sensor node 300 varies depending on the sensor node 300.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a frame structure for uplink communication in the backscattering communication method for wireless power transmission according to the present invention.
  • the uplink frame is composed of preambles and payloads as in the downlink frame.
  • the preamble of the uplink frame includes a frame detection field, a starting point finder field, and a data preamble field, and the payload is the same as the data. Field and frame check sequence field.
  • the uplink frame is transmitted and received from the most significant bit (MSB).
  • the preamble and payload of the uplink frame of the above-described structure are transmitted using impedance modulation after two-level signal conversion.
  • the preamble includes a 12-bit frame detection field, an 8-bit starting point finder field, and an 8-bit data preamble field as shown in FIG. Is done. Since the preamble is transmitted from the MSB, the MSB of the frame detection field is transmitted first and the least significant bit (LSB) of the data preamble is transmitted last.
  • LSB least significant bit
  • the frame detection field includes two bits 00 2 , eight bits AA h , and two bits 10 2 .
  • the first two bits of the frame detection field are used for the purpose of identifying reference channel characteristics.
  • the eight bits 10101010 following the first two bits are used for the purpose of detecting a packet by using the channel reception sensitivity change of the sensor node 300 (a level difference between 0 bits and 1 bit in a 2 level change).
  • the next two bits are used as criterion for data determination according to the RSSI or CSI level.
  • the starting point finder field is composed of 8 bits B0 h (1011_0000), as shown in FIG. 9, to determine the criterion of the last two bits defined in the frame detection field. Data (0 or 1) is determined using criterion.
  • the determined starting point detection section is used for the purpose of detecting the starting position of the frame using the correlator.
  • the data preamble field of the preamble of the uplink frame is represented by eight bits (AA h in the case of 2-level) according to the modulation method of the sensor node 300, and is referred to when restoring data. Used as a reference data. When reconstructing, data for each level is stored using a reference signal, and then the received data is reconstructed by comparing the payload data with each stored level.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a detailed structure of a payload in an uplink frame in a backscattering dependent communication method for wireless power transmission according to the present invention.
  • a payload of an uplink frame includes a data field to be transmitted and a frame check sequence (FCS) field for checking an error thereof. If the length of the data is zero, the frame check sequence is not included. Therefore, the payload length is from 0 bits up to 260 bits.
  • FCS frame check sequence
  • the data field is a section in which data to be transmitted is transmitted, from 0 bit up to 255 bits.
  • the frame check sequence field is generated using a 5-bit Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC).
  • CRC Cyclic Redundancy Code
  • the frame check sequence is calculated for the data field and is not generated if the length of the data field is zero.
  • the frame check sequence is calculated according to the definition in Table 1 below, for example, and then sent back after the data by converting it back to 1's complement.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a memory structure of a sensor node 300 for backscattering dependent communication according to the present invention.
  • the sensor node 300 has a memory bank including battery information for wireless power transmission.
  • the sensor node 300 is composed of four memory banks (bank 11 bank 10, bank 01, bank 00). Each memory bank consists of up to 96 bits. This is to store information that can be carried in the data field except for 128 bits because 16 bits are used as preambles and 16 bits are used as CRC when the response packet transmitted on the uplink is composed of 128 bits.
  • the main information related to the battery and power supply circuit of the BU is stored in the memory bank Bank 11 as the WPT information related to the wireless power transmission.
  • the unique identification information (ID information) of the sensor node 300 is stored in the memory bank Bank 10.
  • the measured value of SSU is stored in the memory bank Bank 01. That is, when measurement sensors capable of measuring temperature, humidity, or illuminance are added, the memory bank area of the sensor node 300 is used to access and control them.
  • the remaining memory bank Bank 00 is a reserved future used (RFU), and may be used for recording other required information in addition to the above-described information.
  • REU reserved future used
  • the sensor node 300 may write data in a specific memory bank or read and transmit data of a specific memory bank according to a command included in a data packet transmitted from the terminal device 200.
  • the terminal device 200 performs three basic operations to recognize and manage a plurality of sensor nodes 300, and is used for each step. Instructions are constructed.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a procedure for recognizing and managing a plurality of sensor nodes 300 in the backscatter communication method for wireless power transmission according to the present invention.
  • a basic operation step of the terminal device 200 for managing the sensor node 300 includes a select step, an inventory step, and an access. ).
  • the select step is a step for the terminal device 200 to recognize a plurality of sensor nodes 300 present in the periphery, and the inventory step is one sensor node 300 of the plurality of sensor nodes 300 recognized through the select step. ), And the access step is to grasp the information of the selected sensor node 300 and actively control the wireless power transmission.
  • FIG. 13 shows an operation process in a Select step
  • (b) shows an operation process of an Inventory step
  • (c) shows an operation process of an Access step.
  • the downlink / uplink communication described above is performed, and in the access stage, the battery and state information of the selected sensor node 300 is continuously monitored, and accordingly, the wireless AP 100 is CW-type. RF wireless power transmission is performed.
  • the terminal device 200 selects a plurality of sensor nodes 300 under the control right of the user to select a single sensor node 300. Check it. At this time, as shown in FIG. 13A, the terminal device 200 transmits a select command to the surrounding sensor nodes 300 to recognize at least one sensor node 300 that can communicate therewith. .
  • the Select command is defined as shown in Table 2, and transmits a value corresponding to the target register of the sensor node 300 divided into S0 to S3 and SL so that the corresponding sensor node 300 responds. to be.
  • Target refers to grouping information of the sensor node 300 for giving a command to the sensor node 300 divided into S0 to S3 and SL.
  • Action is a field that defines an action regarding whether to give a command to the sensor node 300 specified in the target in a state recognized by the terminal device 200 or to select a new sensor node 200.
  • CRC16 is a field for recording a test sequence, and the polynomial X 16 + X 12 + X 5 + 1 for calculating CRC 16 is applied mutatis mutandis by the international standard ITU.
  • the terminal device 200 applies the 16-bit polynomial to the data block to be transmitted, and adds the resulting code to the block.
  • the sensor node 300 applies the same polynomial to the data and compares the result with the result sent from the terminal device 200. If the two match, the data has been successfully received.
  • the terminal device 200 selects only one sensor node 300 by performing an inventory round on the plurality of sensor nodes 300 recognized in the select step.
  • the terminal device 200 uses an anti-collision algorithm to select only one sensor node 300 from among the plurality of selected sensor nodes 300.
  • the query series command (Query / QueryRep. / QueryAdj.) Is transmitted, and the sensor node 300 receiving the command transmits a valid response, and for authentication therefor,
  • the terminal device 200 selects one sensor node 300 by transmitting an acknowledgment command to the sensor node 300 that has transmitted a valid response.
  • the query command (Query CMD) is a command that can prevent a collision when a plurality of sensor nodes 300 exist.
  • the anti-collision algorithm uses a specific parameter (Q value) generated by a random number.
  • the parameter (Q value) is fixed to 0.
  • the query command (Query CMD) may be defined as shown in Table 3 below. That is, the terminal device 200 transmits a parameter (Q value) between 0 and 15 to the sensor node 300 through a query command, and the parameter (Q value) of the sensor node 300 that receives the command is changed.
  • the sensor node 300 which becomes 0 transmits a valid response (Valid_Query).
  • Sel is a field for selecting a sensor node 300 to transmit the query command, and the sensor node 300 or all the sensor nodes 300 selected in the terminal device 200 can be selected. have.
  • Session is a command field for selecting five register groups S0 to S3 and SL among the sensor nodes 300.
  • Q is a parameter generated by the random number in the terminal device 200 and is transmitted to the plurality of sensor nodes 300.
  • the plurality of sensor nodes 300 may generate a unique random number for each sensor node 300 of 2 Q by using the received parameter (Q value), and may use the collision prevention algorithm.
  • the query reduction command QueryRep. Is a command used to identify a specific sensor node 300 among sensor nodes 300 that have received a query command for a collision avoidance algorithm.
  • the plurality of sensor nodes 300 that have received the Q value from the query command generate a random number and have a unique value corresponding to the 2 Q value, among which the sensor node 300 whose unique value is 0.
  • the sensor node 300 which has received the query reduction command (QueryRep.) Command, continuously decreases the Q value that it has, and accordingly, when the Q value that it has becomes 0, the terminal receives Valid_Query in response.
  • the device 200 transmits the status to the next step.
  • the query reduction command may be defined as shown in Table 4.
  • Session is a command field for selecting the sensor node 300 currently selected in the terminal device 200 or all the sensor nodes 300 recognized in the periphery, and is unique to the sensor node 300. Specify the register group whose Q value you want to decrease.
  • the QueryAdj. Command is another command used for the collision avoidance algorithm.
  • a plurality of sensor nodes 300 received Q values from a query command generate random numbers to form unique values corresponding to 2 Q values.
  • the query adjustment command is selected by a query command. This command is used to adjust the Q value, which is the random number generation value of a group. As the Q value increases, the collision rate between the plurality of sensor nodes 300 decreases, and in theory, communication with the plurality of 63,488 sensor nodes 300 is possible.
  • Query tuning commands can be defined as shown in Table 5.
  • the sensor node 300 transmits Valid_Query when the Q value becomes 0 after receiving the corresponding query adjustment command.
  • Session in Table 5 is a command field for specifying five register groups S0 to S3 and SL of the sensor node 300.
  • UpDn is a command field for indicating how to adjust the unique Q value of the sensor node 300.
  • UpDn is a command field for increasing the Q value by 1, not changing the Q value, or decreasing the Q value by 1. Can be.
  • Valid_Query which is a response signal, is a response signal transmitted by the sensor node 300 whose Q value inherent to the sensor node 300 is zero among the sensor nodes 300 that receive Query-related commands Query / QueryRep. / QueryAdj.
  • the RWF packet transmitted by the terminal device 200 is modulated by using load modulation to inform the terminal device 200 that the user is selected.
  • Valid_Query may be defined, as shown in Table 6.
  • the Valid_Query response is set to a specific response signal 01010011 of an unusual type that cannot be detected in a normal channel, and is left as a packet that does not respond to the remaining 120 bits.
  • the confirmation command which is defined as shown in Table 7, is a command for finally confirming that the terminal device 200 and the sensor node 300 are connected, and the sensor node 300 that does not receive the ACK command during communication.
  • ACK Does not proceed to the next step (Access), it returns to the initial step and waits for another command.
  • the sensor node 300 transmits Valid_Ack to the terminal device 200.
  • Ack CMD Command Ack number # of bits 4 16 Description 0100 16'h0ACC
  • the Ack Number included in the ACK command is an acknowledgment number
  • the terminal device 200 and one sensor node 300 finally receive each other by transmitting a signal having various forms and transmitting the same ACK number in the response. Command field to check.
  • the only sensor node 300 receiving the ACK command responds to the terminal device 200 with a Valid-Ack including a value equal to 16'0ACC, which is an Ack Number received through the ACK command, to the terminal device 200 and the next step (Access). Wait for step).
  • the Valid_Ack response which is a response signal, is defined as shown in Table 8 and transmits the Ack Number 16'h0ACC received as an ACK command to the terminal device 200 through the Reply_Ack field.
  • the remaining 112 bits of the response packet were left as unresponsive packets.
  • One sensor node 300 and the terminal device 200 finally confirmed by the above proceeds to the Access step.
  • the access step is to perform various operations for controlling or collecting information on the sensor node 300 selected in the inventory step.
  • Commands transmitted in the access phase are largely divided into a read command (Read) for reading the memory value of the sensor node 300, a write command (Write) for recording specific information in the memory value, and a WPT command for instructing wireless power transfer. do.
  • the read command is a command for reading a value (WPT information, sensor node ID information, measurement data information of a sensor connected to the sensor node, etc.) existing in the memory inside the sensor node 300 from the terminal device 200.
  • the full command field is defined as shown in Table 9.
  • the read reply to the read command is transmitted to the STA by using the RWF, and responds using all 128 bits.
  • a response to a read command may be defined as shown in Table 10.
  • MemBank is a command field that specifically selects a memory bank (WPT information, sensor node ID information, measurement data information of a sensor connected to a sensor node, etc.) to read 96 bits
  • Ack Number is an acknowledgment number that is a command field for confirming that it is a response of the sensor node 300 that has received a corresponding read command by transmitting a signal having many types and receiving the same response. Therefore, when transmitting the response to the read command, the sensor node 300 includes the Ack Number included in the read command.
  • the write command is a command for writing predetermined data (WPT information, sensor node ID information, measurement data information of a sensor connected to the sensor node, etc.) in the memory inside the sensor node 300 in the terminal device 200. .
  • the entire command field of the write command is defined as shown in Table 11.
  • the corresponding write command transmits a 48-bit Write Reply to the terminal device 200 in response to the success or failure.
  • Command fields for Write Reply are defined in Table 12.
  • MemBank is a command field that specifically selects a memory bank (WPT information, sensor node information, measurement data information of a sensor connected to a sensor node, etc.) to input data (16 bits), and WordPtr is a selected memory bank. This field is used to select a position to input data into a memory bank in order to write data in Word (16 bits).
  • 00 h indicates the first 16-bit word
  • 01 h indicates the second 16-bit word
  • Data is an instruction field for recording data to be recorded, and records 16-bit data obtained by Ack Number and Exclusive OR processing for encryption.
  • the Ack Number is an acknowledgment number, which is a command field for confirming that the terminal device 200 is connected to one sensor node 300 by transmitting a signal having many variations and receiving the same response.
  • Write Success is a command field for verifying validity of data received by transmitting a value obtained by encrypting a 16-bit response to the Write command to the terminal device 200 by decrypting the received data.
  • the terminal device 200 that recognizes the sensor node 300 through the above command may instruct the wireless AP 100 to transmit wireless power to the recognized sensor node 300.
  • the AP 100 monitors the state of the sensor node 300 to perform wireless power transmission.
  • the wireless charging network between the wireless AP 100 and the plurality of sensor nodes 300 has a star topology structure.
  • the wireless AP 100 exchanges data with the sensor node 300 in real time to determine an operation point and allocates resources.
  • Each sensor node 300 transmits its own information (battery and power related information) to the wireless AP 100 and receives a control message from the wireless AP 100.
  • the wireless AP 100 generates and maintains a wireless charging network.
  • the wireless AP 100 sets the timing and the order of wireless power transmission with the plurality of sensor nodes 300.
  • Wireless power transfer control at the wireless AP 100 protects the sensor node 300 from over-voltage, the rectified voltage output of the sensor node 300 is less than the maximum rectified voltage, is greater than the minimum desired rectified voltage In this case, the power efficiency used or the overall system efficiency may be maximized.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an information acquisition and control process performed for wireless power transmission between the wireless AP 100 and the sensor node 300 in the backscattering dependent communication method for wireless power transmission according to the present invention.
  • the wireless power transmission according to the present invention starts by recognizing the sensor node 300 by performing the Select step and the Inventory step for the plurality of sensor nodes 300. Through this process, the ID values of the sensor nodes 300 are recognized to ensure an independent communication channel during communication for each sensor node 300.
  • the wireless AP 100 checks whether each device node 300 is a device capable of transmitting wireless power through a WPT command (S401).
  • the transmission power is determined based on the information of the sensor node 300 obtained through the connection process, and the determined transmission power is transmitted.
  • the BCU status of the sensor node 300 is monitored through the Read command continuously during the transmission process.
  • the sensor node 300 receiving the WPT command continuously collects state information about its BCU, that is, static and dynamic characteristic information of the battery and load, and transmits it to the wireless AP 100, and accordingly, the wireless AP 100. Controls the RF wireless power transmission in real time.
  • the WPT command after recognizing a plurality of sensor nodes 300 in the terminal device 200 commands a wireless power transmission to the wireless AP 100, the wireless AP 100 is wireless power transmission to the sensor node 300. Command to indicate the start of.
  • the sensor node 300 Upon receiving the SSN control command, the sensor node 300 transmits a response to the wireless AP 100 (S408).
  • steps S409 to S412 are performed by repeating the processes of S402 to S408 again, through which wireless power transmission and control for the sensor node 300 is continuously performed.
  • the entire command field of the command for wireless power transmission is defined as shown in Table 13, and the WPT subcommand described in the WPT CMD classification field is shown in Table 14.
  • WPT CMD WPT Command WPT CMD Classification Ack number # of bits 4 4 16 description 0111 0001 16’h0ACC
  • the SSN control command is a command for instructing power transmission start, stop, and the like for wireless power transmission from the wireless AP 100 to the sensor node 300.
  • the wireless AP 100 controls the wireless power transmission in real time through the SSN control command based on this.
  • the fields of the SSN Control command are defined as shown in Table 15, and the detailed WPT allowance fields are defined as shown in Table 16.
  • the response to the SSN control command is shown in Table 17.
  • the WPT allowance field refers to a field for notifying the sensor node 300 to receive information for wireless power transmission from the wireless AP 100 to the sensor node 300.
  • SSN out allow As shown in Table 16, SSN out allow, SSN charge allow, and output adjustment commands may be indicated.
  • SSN output permission refers to a field for allowing output information to receive the current battery and output status of the sensor node 300 in the wireless AP 100.
  • the SSN charging allowance refers to a field for the actual wireless AP 100 to command the sensor node 300 to continue, resume, and the like.
  • the output adjustment command refers to a field for controlling the output of the wireless power transmission of the current wireless AP 100 based on the static and dynamic information received from the sensor node 300.
  • the response defined in Table 17 is transmitted from the sensor node 300 receiving the SSN control command to the wireless AP 100 in step S408, and includes the Ack Number and WPT CMD classification fields included in the received SSN control command. do.
  • step S402 the static characteristic information of the sensor node 300 is transmitted to the wireless AP 100, and information about the rectifier power and voltage of the sensor node 300 is transmitted.
  • the static characteristic information may be transmitted through a command field structure as shown in Table 18.
  • the rectifier maximum power represents the maximum rectified power allowable in the rectifier of the sensor node 300
  • the rectifier minimum constant voltage represents the minimum rectifier voltage that SSN can allow in the rectifier
  • the rectifier maximum constant voltage indicates that the SSN is the self rectifier.
  • the rectifier desired constant voltage represents a desired rectified constant voltage desired by the sensor node, and these may represent bit values of 0 to 255, and may be defined as 1 mW differences per 1 bit.
  • the step S405 is a step in which the sensor node 300 delivers dynamic characteristic information to the wireless AP 100 and may be transmitted through a command field as shown in Table 19.
  • the rectifier dynamic voltage refers to the dynamic voltage of the sensor node rectifier, expressed as a value of 0 ⁇ 255mV in mV unit
  • the rectifier dynamic current means the rectifier dynamic current of the sensor node 300
  • the battery dynamic voltage refers to the dynamic voltage output from the battery terminal of the sensor node 300 in mA units, and is expressed as 0 to 255 mV in mV units
  • the battery dynamic current represents the sensor node ( It refers to the dynamic current output from the battery terminal of the 300), expressed as a value of 0 ⁇ 255mA in mA unit
  • the battery temperature refers to the current temperature of the battery of the sensor node 300 to prevent excess current inflow, -40
  • SSN dangerous state is a field indicating the dangerous state of the sensor node 300, based on the dynamic and static parameters according to the wireless power transmission, 8 bits
  • the present invention is applied to the field of application services, such as the IoT, micro-sensor industry and environmental monitoring-related industries, to control the power supply of IoT devices, micro-sensors, wearable devices that are not easy to supply power and to supply power wirelessly.
  • application services such as the IoT, micro-sensor industry and environmental monitoring-related industries
  • the present invention is a terminal device capable of communicating with the wireless AP of the established communication infrastructure transmits power and data for communication to the sensor node
  • the sensor node is a carrier wave of the radio signal used between the terminal device and the wireless AP
  • the sensor node is controlled through the terminal device to control the sensor node, and by supplying wireless power to the sensor node recognized through the terminal device through the wireless AP.
  • sensor nodes such as IoT devices, micro sensors, wearable devices, and the like, and wirelessly provide power to the sensor nodes by utilizing a communication infrastructure using an existing ISM band without constructing an additional infrastructure.
  • the present invention enables the operation of a sensor that can operate at low power (several tens of uW or less), energy collection, and communication without a separate infrastructure for a sensor node such as the IoT device, a micro sensor, and a wearable device. .

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  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne : un procédé de communication dépendant de la rétrodiffusion pour une transmission de puissance sans fil, apte à émettre/recevoir, vers/à partir d'un nœud de capteur, des informations par l'intermédiaire d'une modulation de porteuse pour un signal sans fil dans une bande médicale scientifique industrielle (ISM) utilisée dans une infrastructure de communication classique telle que Wi-Fi sans ajout d'une infrastructure distincte, et apte à surveiller l'état du nœud de capteur sur la base des informations et à effectuer une alimentation électrique sans fil ; et un système de communication dépendant de la rétrodiffusion associé. Un dispositif de terminal capable de communiquer avec un point d'accès sans fil d'une infrastructure de communication, ayant déjà été construite, transmet des données et de l'énergie pour une communication au nœud de capteur, et le nœud de capteur peut répondre à l'aide d'une rétrodiffusion par l'intermédiaire d'une modulation de porteuse pour un signal sans fil utilisé entre le dispositif de terminal et le point d'accès sans fil, ce qui permet de commander le nœud de capteur en reconnaissant le nœud de capteur par l'intermédiaire du dispositif de terminal, et de réaliser une commande de telle sorte qu'une puissance sans fil est fournie par l'intermédiaire du point d'accès sans fil au nœud de capteur reconnu par l'intermédiaire du dispositif de terminal.
PCT/KR2017/007962 2016-08-16 2017-07-24 Procédé de communication dépendant de la rétrodiffusion pour transmission d'énergie sans fil et système de communication dépendant de la rétrodiffusion associé Ceased WO2018034439A1 (fr)

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CN111328127B (zh) * 2018-12-14 2022-12-13 华为技术有限公司 通信方法、通信装置及存储介质
WO2021163971A1 (fr) * 2020-02-20 2021-08-26 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 Procédés de communication par rétrodiffusion, dispositif électronique et support d'enregistrement
CN111867105A (zh) * 2020-08-03 2020-10-30 北京邮电大学 后向散射终端的动作分配方法、装置及电子设备
CN112039744A (zh) * 2020-08-28 2020-12-04 电子科技大学 基于反向散射的无线总线通信方法
CN112039744B (zh) * 2020-08-28 2021-10-01 电子科技大学 基于反向散射的无线总线通信方法
WO2023010321A1 (fr) * 2021-08-04 2023-02-09 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 Procédé et appareil de communication sans fil et dispositif de communication
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CN116170097A (zh) * 2021-11-25 2023-05-26 维沃软件技术有限公司 无线感知方法、装置、网络侧设备和终端
WO2023093646A1 (fr) * 2021-11-25 2023-06-01 维沃移动通信有限公司 Procédé et appareil de détection sans fil, dispositif côté réseau et terminal
WO2023141974A1 (fr) * 2022-01-28 2023-08-03 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 Procédé d'indication d'état de communication, dispositif terminal et dispositif de réseau
WO2023206052A1 (fr) * 2022-04-26 2023-11-02 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 Procédé de communication, terminal et dispositif wi-fi
WO2024113341A1 (fr) * 2022-12-02 2024-06-06 Qualcomm Incorporated Rétrodiffusion de transmissions de données sur des ressources configurées
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