WO2018008698A1 - 線材、鋼線及び部品 - Google Patents
線材、鋼線及び部品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018008698A1 WO2018008698A1 PCT/JP2017/024705 JP2017024705W WO2018008698A1 WO 2018008698 A1 WO2018008698 A1 WO 2018008698A1 JP 2017024705 W JP2017024705 W JP 2017024705W WO 2018008698 A1 WO2018008698 A1 WO 2018008698A1
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- bainite
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- wire
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/003—Cementite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wire, a steel wire produced from the wire, and a part having a tensile strength produced from the steel wire of 700 MPa to 1200 MPa.
- a machine part and a building part are contained in the components used as object in this invention.
- High-strength mechanical parts having a tensile strength of 700 MPa or more are used for automobiles and various industrial machines for the purpose of reducing weight and size.
- this type of high-strength mechanical component is sequentially subjected to hot rolling and spheroidizing annealing on a steel material made of alloy steel obtained by adding alloy elements such as Mn, Cr, Mo, and B to carbon steel for mechanical structure. And then softened, and then cold forged or rolled into a predetermined shape, and then subjected to quenching and tempering treatment to impart strength.
- JP-A-2-166229 discloses that C: 0.03 to 0.20%, Si: 0.10% or less, Mn: 0.7 to 2.5%, one of V, Nb, and Ti, or A steel containing 2 or more types: 0.05 to 0.30%, B: 0.0005 to 0.0050%, a non-made bainite structure cooled at a cooling rate of 5 ° C / sec or more after wire rolling.
- a method for manufacturing a tempered machine part is disclosed.
- JP-A-8-41537 discloses C: 0.05 to 0.20%, Si: 0.01 to 1.0%, Mn: 1.0 to 2.0%, S: 0.015. %, Al: 0.01-0.05%, V: 0.05-0.3% steel is heated to a temperature of 900-1150 ° C. and then hot-rolled.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-144306 discloses cold forging in which C is 0.40 to 1.0% by mass, the component composition satisfies a specific conditional expression, and the structure is made of pearlite or pseudo-pearlite. Steel for use is disclosed. This steel has a large amount of C and is inferior in cold forgeability as compared with carbon steel for machine structure and alloy steel for machine structure conventionally used for machine parts.
- the present invention (A) a component having a tensile strength of 700 to 1200 MPa that can be manufactured at low cost; (B) To provide a steel wire capable of omitting the spheroidizing annealing, quenching / tempering treatment, and bluing treatment after cold forging, and a wire rod for producing the steel wire used for the production of the part. , With the goal.
- the present inventors can perform cold forging even if spheroidizing annealing is omitted, and the tensile strength is 700 MPa or more without performing tempering treatment of quenching and tempering.
- the relationship between the composition of steel and the structure to obtain high strength parts was investigated.
- the present invention has been made on the basis of metallurgical findings obtained through such investigations, and the gist thereof is as follows.
- the above wire material further contains one or two of Cr: 0 to 0.40%, Nb: 0 to 0.03%, and V: 0 to 0.10% by mass%.
- the above steel wire further comprises one or two of Cr: 0 to 0.40%, Nb: 0 to 0.03%, V: 0 to 0.10% in mass%.
- the above component further contains one or two of Cr: 0 to 0.40%, Nb: 0 to 0.03%, and V: 0 to 0.10% by mass%.
- Cr 0 to 0.40%
- Nb 0 to 0.03%
- V 0 to 0.10% by mass%.
- high-strength parts having a tensile strength of 700 to 1200 MPa that contribute to weight reduction and downsizing of machine parts used in automobiles and various industrial machines and construction parts used at construction sites are provided at low cost. can do.
- the present inventors can perform cold forging even if spheroidizing annealing is omitted, and a tensile strength exceeding 700 MPa without performing tempering treatment of quenching and tempering.
- the relationship between the composition of steel and the structure for obtaining high strength parts was investigated in detail. And in order to manufacture high-strength parts inexpensively, the present inventors based on the metallurgical knowledge obtained in the investigation, in-line heat treatment using the retained heat at the time of hot rolling of the wire, and the subsequent steel wire A comprehensive study of a series of manufacturing methods up to parts was conducted, and the following conclusions were reached.
- a steel wire that has been strengthened by wire drawing and cold forging is inferior in workability, has high deformation resistance, and is susceptible to work cracking.
- the structure is mainly composed of bainite, the block particle size of the surface layer is made fine, and the average particle size of cementite dispersed in bainite is 0. It is effective to set the thickness to 1 ⁇ m or less.
- Such a steel wire that can be cold forged even if spheroidizing annealing is omitted, and that is a material for obtaining a high-strength part without performing tempering treatment of quenching and tempering, It is effective to have a microstructure with the above characteristics at the stage of steel wire, and to process this into a part without performing heat treatment before processing.
- the present invention is advantageous.
- the component of the present invention is a bainite-based material composed of a predetermined average block particle size and cementite particle size by immersing a steel material having an adjusted composition in a molten salt bath using residual heat during hot rolling. It is manufactured by a series of manufacturing methods in which a wire is drawn at a specific temperature at room temperature, a high-strength bainite is adjusted, and molded into a part.
- parts having a tensile strength of 700 to 1200 MPa can be manufactured at low cost.
- Component composition Wires for parts having a tensile strength of 700 to 1200 MPa according to the present embodiment, and steel wires (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “wires” and “steel wires”, respectively), and parts according to the present embodiment (
- the composition of the component (sometimes simply referred to as “component”) will be described.
- the steel wire according to the present embodiment is obtained by drawing the wire according to the present embodiment.
- the component which concerns on this embodiment is obtained by cold forging the steel wire which concerns on this embodiment, or cold forging and rolling. Wire drawing, cold forging, and rolling do not affect the composition of the steel. Therefore, the description regarding the component composition described below applies to any of wire, steel wire, and parts.
- “%” means “mass%”.
- the balance of the component composition is Fe and inevitable impurities.
- C 0.15-0.30%
- C is an element necessary for ensuring tensile strength.
- the C content is less than 0.15%, it is difficult to obtain a tensile strength of 700 MPa or more.
- the C content is 0.20% or more.
- the C content exceeds 0.30%, the cold forgeability deteriorates.
- it is 0.25% or less.
- Si 0.05 to 0.50%
- Si is a deoxidizing element and is an element that increases the tensile strength by solid solution strengthening.
- the Si content is less than 0.05%, the effect of addition is not sufficiently exhibited.
- the Si content is 0.15% or more.
- the Si content is more than 0.50%, the effect of addition is saturated, the ductility during hot rolling is deteriorated, and soot is easily generated.
- a preferable Si content is 0.30% or less.
- Mn 0.50 to 1.50%
- Mn is an element that increases the tensile strength of steel.
- the Mn content is less than 0.50%, the effect of addition is not sufficiently exhibited.
- the Mn content is 0.70% or more.
- the Mn content is more than 1.50%, the effect of addition is saturated, and the transformation completion time in the isothermal transformation treatment of the wire becomes long, and the productivity is deteriorated.
- a preferable Mn content is 1.30% or less.
- P 0.030% or less
- P is an element that segregates at a grain boundary and deteriorates cold workability.
- a preferable P content is 0.015% or less. Since the wire, the steel wire, and the component according to the present embodiment do not need to contain P, the lower limit value of the P content is 0%.
- S 0.030% or less S, like P, is an element that segregates at the grain boundaries and degrades the cold workability. When the S content exceeds 0.030%, the cold workability is significantly deteriorated.
- a preferable S content is 0.015% or less, more preferably 0.010% or less. Since the wire, the steel wire, and the fixture which concern on this embodiment do not need to contain S, the lower limit of S content is 0%.
- Al 0.005 to 0.060%
- Al is a deoxidizing element and an element that forms AlN that functions as pinning particles. AlN refines crystal grains, thereby improving cold workability.
- Al is an element having an action of reducing solid solution N and suppressing dynamic strain aging.
- a preferable Al content is 0.020% or more.
- the Al content is more than 0.060%, the above effect is saturated and wrinkles are likely to occur during hot rolling.
- a preferable Al content is 0.050% or less.
- Ti 0.005 to 0.030%
- Ti is a deoxidizing element, and is an element that forms TiN and has an action of suppressing solid strain aging by reducing solid solution N.
- a preferable Ti content is 0.010% or more.
- the Ti content is more than 0.030%, the above effects are saturated and wrinkles are likely to occur during hot rolling.
- a preferable Ti content is 0.025% or less.
- B 0.0003 to 0.0050% B has the effect of suppressing grain boundary ferrite and improving cold workability, and the effect of promoting bainite transformation and improving strength. If it is less than 0.0003%, the effect is insufficient, and if it exceeds 0.0050%, the effect is saturated.
- N 0.0010 to 0.0100%
- N is an element that may deteriorate cold workability due to dynamic strain aging. In order to avoid such adverse effects, the N content is set to 0.0100% or less. N also has the effect of increasing the cold workability by forming AlN or TiN to reduce the crystal grain size. For this reason, the lower limit was made 0.0010%. A preferable N content is 0.0020 to 0.0040%.
- one or two of Cr: 0.01 to 0.40%, Nb: 0 to 0.03%, and V: 0 to 0.10% may be contained.
- the content of Cr, Nb and V is arbitrary and may be 0%.
- Cr has the effect of increasing the tensile strength of the steel
- Nb and V have the effect of reducing the solid solution N to suppress dynamic strain aging, and the effect of increasing the strength by promoting bainite transformation.
- Cr 0.01-0.40% Cr is an element that increases the tensile strength of steel.
- the Cr content is less than 0.01%, the above effects cannot be obtained sufficiently.
- the Cr content is more than 0.40%, martensite is liable to occur, thereby deteriorating the wire drawing workability and the cold forgeability.
- a preferable content of Cr is 0.03 to 0.30%.
- Nb 0 to 0.03%
- Nb is an element which has the effect
- the Nb content is preferably 0.025% or less.
- V 0 to 0.10%
- V is an element that has the function of forming VN, reducing solid solution N, and suppressing dynamic strain aging.
- V content exceeds 0.10%, the above-described effects are saturated and wrinkles are likely to occur during hot rolling.
- a preferable V content is 0.05% or less.
- O 0 to 0.0030% or less O is present as an oxide such as Al and Ti in wire rods, steel wires, and parts (for example, machine parts). When the O content exceeds 0.0030%, coarse oxides are generated in the steel, and fatigue failure is likely to occur.
- a preferable O content is 0.0020% or less. The lower limit of the O content is 0%.
- the remainder of a component composition is Fe and an unavoidable impurity.
- the inevitable impurities are components that are included in raw materials or mixed in during the manufacturing process, and are components that are not intentionally included in steel.
- Inevitable impurities are specifically Sb, Sn, W, Co, As, Mg, Pb, Bi, and H.
- Sb, Sn, W, Co, As, Mg, Pb, Bi, and H are 0.010%, 0.10%, 0.50%, 0, respectively, for realizing the effects of the present application. It is acceptable to include up to .50%, 0.010%, 0.010%, 0.10%, 0.10%, and 0.0010%.
- the steel wire according to the present embodiment is obtained by drawing the wire according to the present embodiment, and the component according to the present embodiment is obtained by cold forging the steel wire according to the present embodiment, or cold forging. And obtained by rolling.
- the effect of cold forging and rolling on the metal structure of the part is small. This is because the amount of processing that cold forging and rolling exert on parts is small.
- the metal structures of the wire, the steel wire, and the component according to the present embodiment include bainite having an area ratio of 90% or more. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG.
- 1, bainite is obtained by etching a cross section (cross section perpendicular to the axis of a steel material (steel wire)) of an object (wire material, steel wire or component) with nital, When a position of a predetermined depth from the surface layer of the object (for example, a depth of 0.25 times the diameter from the surface layer) is photographed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), acicular or granular cementite is dispersed. It is a recognized organization.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the bainite area ratio of the wire, steel wire, and parts is determined by the following procedure. That is, first, the cross section of the object is etched with nital to reveal the structure. Next, assuming that the diameter of the object is D, the four positions determined by rotating every 90 ° about the longitudinal axis of the symmetrical object at a depth position of 50 ⁇ m from the surface layer of the object. And four locations determined by rotating the object about 90 ° around the axis at a depth position of 0.25D, and the center part of the axis (the depth from the surface layer is A total of nine locations are identified, including one location determined to a depth position of 0.5D.
- tissue photographs at a magnification of 1000 times are taken using SEM at these nine locations.
- the non-bainite (ferrite, pearlite, and martensite structures) in the photographed structure photograph is visually marked, and the area of each structure is obtained by image analysis.
- the bainite-containing region can be obtained by subtracting the non-bainite region from the entire observation field.
- the area ratio of this region is defined as the area ratio of bainite.
- this operation measures and calculates about at least 2 samples, calculates
- bainite may be difficult to distinguish from the SEM micrograph.
- KAM method is a pixel of the first approximation that is six adjacent hexagonal pixels in the measurement data, the second approximation that is 12 outside the pixel, or the third approximation that is 18 outside the pixel. This is a method of performing calculation for each pixel by averaging the azimuth differences between them and setting the value as the value of the center pixel. By performing this calculation so as not to cross the grain boundary, a map expressing the orientation change in the grain can be created.
- the condition for calculating the azimuth difference between adjacent pixels is the third approximation, and the one whose azimuth difference is 5 ° or less is displayed, of which the grains whose azimuth difference exceeds 1 ° are displayed. It shall be bainite.
- the steel wire may be contained in the steel wire, but as long as the area ratio of bainite in the steel wire is 90% or more, inclusion of a metal structure other than bainite is acceptable. Is done.
- the area ratio of the bainite of the steel wire is less than 90%, the strength (tensile strength, hardness, etc.) of the steel wire becomes non-uniform, so that cracking is likely to occur during cold working of parts. .
- the upper limit of the area ratio of the bainite of a steel wire is 100%.
- the average block particle size of the bainite wire is 15 ⁇ m or less
- the average block particle size of bainite measured in a cross section is 15 ⁇ m or less.
- the cross section means a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the wire.
- the average aspect ratio R of the bainite block grains measured in the longitudinal section of the steel wire is 1.2 to 2.0 at the surface layer position of the steel wire.
- the longitudinal section means a plane that is parallel to the axial direction of the wire and includes the central axis.
- the average aspect ratio R of the bainite block grains of the steel wire and parts is determined as follows. First, a bainite block grain boundary is determined using EBSD with respect to the longitudinal section of a steel wire. At this time, in each of the two regions of 100 ⁇ m in the direction of the steel wire central axis and 500 ⁇ m in the direction of the steel wire central axis from each surface on both sides of the longitudinal section, the measurement step is set to 0.3 ⁇ m at each measurement point in the region. The crystal orientation of bcc-Fe was measured, and a boundary having an orientation difference of 15 degrees or more is defined as a bainite block boundary. And the area
- a map of bainite block grains is obtained in a total of two regions on both sides of one longitudinal section. This is done on 4 samples to obtain a map of bainite block grains in a total of 8 regions. From the obtained map of bainite block grains, 10 bainite block grains are selected in order from the largest equivalent circle diameter. The aspect ratio of the block grains is measured for the selected 10 bainite block grains, and finally, the average value thereof is calculated as the average aspect ratio R of the bainite block grains.
- the average block particle size of the surface layer bainite measured in the cross section is (15 / R) ⁇ m or less.
- the cross section means a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the steel wire.
- the average block particle size of bainite in the surface layer of the wire (the same applies to steel wires and parts) is determined as follows. First, in the cross section of the wire, a region extending 500 ⁇ m in the circumferential direction with a width of 500 ⁇ m from the surface layer in the central axis direction is determined, and four regions obtained by rotating this region every 90 ° around the central axis are determined. Identify. And about these four area
- the average block particle size of the bainite of the part is (15 / R) ⁇ m or less
- the average block particle size of the surface layer bainite measured in the cross section is (15 / R) ⁇ m or less.
- the cross section means a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the component.
- the ratio of the average block particle size of bainite in the surface layer measured in the cross section and the average block particle size of bainite in the center portion measured in the cross section is 1.0. Is less than. When the ratio exceeds 1.0, the cold forgeability of the steel wire deteriorates and the yield strength ratio of the parts deteriorates.
- the average block particle size of bainite at the center of the wire is determined as follows. First, an area of 500 ⁇ m ⁇ 500 ⁇ m centering on the central axis is determined in the cross section of the wire, and the block particle diameter is measured with an EBSD apparatus in this area. Next, after the same measurement was performed on three different cross sections, the block particle diameters of the four samples were averaged to obtain the average block particle diameter of bainite at the center of the wire (the same applies to steel wires and parts).
- the ratio between the block particle size of the surface layer and the block particle size of the central portion is obtained by (average block particle size of bainite in the surface layer) / (average block particle size of bainite in the central portion).
- the average particle size of cementite dispersed in bainite is 0.1 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter of cementite exceeds 0.1 ⁇ m, the cold forgeability of the steel wire deteriorates. Further, the yield strength ratio of the parts is lowered, and for example, the permanent elongation when used as a machine part is deteriorated.
- the average particle size of cementite in bainite is determined by the following procedure. First, the cross-section of the object (wire, steel wire or part) is etched using picral to reveal the structure. Next, assuming that the diameter of the object is D, the four positions determined by rotating every 90 ° about the longitudinal axis of the symmetrical object at a depth position of 50 ⁇ m from the surface layer of the object. And four locations determined by rotating the object about 90 ° around the axis at a depth position of 0.25D, and the center part of the axis (the depth from the surface layer is A total of nine locations are identified, including one location determined to a depth position of 0.5D.
- tissue photographs at a magnification of 20000 times are taken at these nine locations using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM).
- FE-SEM field emission scanning electron microscope
- the limit compression rate of steel wire is 80% or more
- the steel wire obtained as described above exhibits good cold workability.
- the critical compression ratio is used as an index indicating the cold workability.
- the critical compression ratio is a sample whose height is 1.5 times the diameter from a steel wire after wire drawing by machining, and concentric grooves are formed on the end surface of this sample. When compressing in the axial direction using the attached mold, it means the maximum compression ratio at which no cracks occur.
- the compression ratio is ((H ⁇ H1) /) where H is the height before drawing (axial dimension) before drawing, and H1 is the height after drawing (axial dimension) after drawing. H) A value indicated by x100.
- the critical compression ratio can be 80% or more, and excellent cold workability can be realized.
- the component composition is mass%, C: 0.15 to 0.30%, Si: 0.05 to 0.50%, Mn: 0.50 to 1.50%, P: 0.030% or less S: 0.030% or less, Al: 0.005-0.060%, Ti: 0.005-0.030%, B: 0.0003-0.0050%, N: 0.001-0. 010%, optionally containing one or two of Cr: 0 to 0.40%, Nb: 0 to 0.03%, V: 0 to 0.10%, the balance
- a steel slab comprising Fe and impurities is prepared. The steel slab is heated to 1000 to 1150 ° C.
- the wire at 800 to 950 ° C. is cooled to 600 ° C. at an average cooling rate of 40 ° C./s or higher, and then cooled to 480 ° C. at an average cooling rate of 25 ° C./s or higher. Thereafter, the wire is held at a temperature range of 400 to 480 ° C. for 15 seconds or more (first constant temperature hold), and further immersed in a temperature range of 530 to 600 ° C. for 25 seconds or more to hold a constant temperature (second constant temperature). Hold). Finally, the wire is cooled with water.
- the two-stage cooling after the finish rolling and the first constant temperature holding are performed by immersing the wire in a molten salt at 400 to 480 ° C. in the first molten salt bath.
- the second constant temperature holding is performed by immersing the wire in a molten salt at 530 to 600 ° C. in the second molten salt bath.
- the cooling of the wire at 800 to 950 ° C. is performed in two stages of cooling to 600 ° C. and cooling to 600 ° C. to 480 ° C. .
- the average block particle size of bainite can be controlled to 15 ⁇ m or less by setting the cooling rate to 25 ° C./s or more.
- the molten salt bath temperature in the first molten salt bath is set to 400 to 480 ° C.
- the immersion time is set to 15 to 50 s.
- the molten salt bath temperature in the second molten salt bath can be set to 530 to 600 ° C.
- the immersion time can be set to 25 to 80 s.
- the steel wire according to the present embodiment can be manufactured by the following method as an example. That is, the wire manufactured by the above method is drawn at a total area reduction of 10 to 55%.
- the total area reduction ratio of 10 to 55% in the wire drawing process may be achieved by a single wire drawing process or may be achieved by a plurality of wire drawing processes.
- the steel wire according to the present embodiment is obtained.
- the parts (machine parts, building parts, etc.) of this embodiment can be manufactured by the following method as an example. That is, the above steel wire is processed into various parts by cold forging or by cold forging and rolling to obtain a part having a tensile strength of 700 to 1200 MPa.
- the conditions in the examples are one example of conditions used for confirming the feasibility and effects of the present invention, and the present invention is based on this one example of conditions. It is not limited.
- the present invention can adopt various conditions as long as the object of the present invention is achieved without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- a tensile test piece is taken from the shaft portion of each part, a tensile test is performed, and the tensile strength and the 0.2% proof stress are measured, and then the proof stress ratio (0.2% proof stress / tensile strength) is 0. .90 parts or more were judged to have good yield strength ratio.
- levels 1 to 7 and levels 14 to 20 are invention examples, and levels 8 to 13 and levels 21 to 28 are comparative examples.
- level 10 is an example of manufacturing by immersing in a boiling water tank without performing isothermal transformation after hot rolling.
- Level 11 is an example of manufacturing by cooling with air cooling without performing a constant temperature transformation treatment after hot rolling.
- Level 13 is an example in which the hot-rolled wire was once cooled to room temperature, reheated to 1000 ° C., and immersed in one tank of molten salt.
- Table 3 shows the results relating to the structure of the wire
- Table 4 shows the results relating to the structure of the steel wire
- Table 5 shows the results relating to the cold forgeability of the steel wire and the characteristics of the parts.
- a part having a tensile strength of 700 to 1200 MPa that can be manufactured at low cost can be obtained, and spheroidizing annealing, quenching and tempering used for manufacturing the part can be obtained.
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Abstract
Description
(a)安価に製造することが可能な、引張強さが700~1200MPaの部品、
(b)当該部品の製造に用いる、球状化焼鈍や焼入れ・焼戻し処理、及び冷間鍛造後のブルーイング処理の省略が可能な鋼線、及びその鋼線を製造するための線材を提供すること、
を目的とする。
本実施形態に係る引張強さが700~1200MPaである部品用の線材、及び鋼線(以下、それぞれ単に「線材」、「鋼線」と称する場合がある)、並びに本実施形態に係る部品(以下、単に「部品」と称する場合がある)の成分組成について説明する。本実施形態に係る鋼線は、本実施形態に係る線材を伸線加工することによって得られる。また、本実施形態に係る部品は、本実施形態に係る鋼線を冷間鍛造すること、又は冷間鍛造及び転造することによって得られる。伸線加工、冷間鍛造、及び転造は、鋼の成分組成に影響を及ぼさない。従って、以下に述べる成分組成に関する説明は、線材、鋼線、及び部品のいずれにも該当する。以下の説明において、「%」は「質量%」を意味する。なお、成分組成の残部は、Fe及び不可避的不純物である。
Cは、引張強さを確保するのに必要な元素である。C含有量が0.15%未満である場合、700MPa以上の引張強さを得ることが困難である。好ましくは、C含有量が0.20%以上である。一方、C含有量が0.30%超である場合、冷間鍛造性が劣化する。好ましくは0.25%以下である。
Siは、脱酸元素であるとともに、固溶強化により引張強さを高める元素である。Si含有量が0.05%未満である場合、添加効果が十分に発現しない。好ましくは、Si含有量は0.15%以上である。一方、Si含有量が0.50%超である場合、添加効果が飽和するとともに、熱間圧延時の延性が劣化して、疵が発生し易くなる。好ましいSi含有量は0.30%以下である。
Mnは、鋼の引張強さを高める元素である。Mn含有量が0.50%未満である場合、添加効果が十分に発現しない。好ましくは、Mn含有量は0.70%以上である。一方、Mn含有量が1.50%超である場合、添加効果が飽和するとともに、線材の恒温変態処理の際の変態完了時間が長くなり、製造性が劣化する。好ましいMn含有量は1.30%以下である。
Pは、結晶粒界に偏析して冷間加工性を劣化させる元素である。P含有量が0.030%超の場合、冷間加工性の劣化が顕著となる。好ましいP含有量は0.015%以下である。本実施形態に係る線材、鋼線、及び部品はPを含有する必要がないので、P含有量の下限値は0%である。
Sは、Pと同様に、結晶粒界に偏析して冷間加工性を劣化させる元素である。S含有量が0.030%超の場合に、冷間加工性の劣化が顕著となる。好ましいS含有量は0.015%以下であり、より好ましくは0.010%以下である。本実施形態に係る線材、鋼線、及び備品はSを含有する必要がないので、S含有量の下限値は0%である。
Alは、脱酸元素であり、また、ピン止め粒子として機能するAlNを形成する元素である。AlNは結晶粒を細粒化し、これにより冷間加工性を高める。また、Alは、固溶Nを低減して動的歪み時効を抑制する作用を有する元素である。Al含有量が0.005%未満である場合、上述の効果が得られない。好ましいAl含有量は0.020%以上である。Al含有量が0.060%超である場合、上述の効果が飽和するとともに、熱間圧延の際に疵が発生し易くなる。好ましいAl含有量は0.050%以下である。
Tiは、脱酸元素であり、また、TiNを形成し、固溶Nを低減して動的歪み時効を抑制する作用を有する元素である。Ti含有量が0.005%未満である場合、上述の効果が得られない。好ましいTi含有量は0.010%以上である。Ti含有量が0.030%超である場合、上述の効果が飽和するとともに、熱間圧延の際に疵が発生し易くなる。好ましいTi含有量は0.025%以下である。
Bは粒界フェライトを抑制し、冷間加工性を向上させる効果や、ベイナイト変態を促進し強度を向上させる効果がある。0.0003%未満では効果が不十分で、0.0050%を超えると効果が飽和する。
Nは、動的歪み時効により冷間加工性を劣化させることがある元素である。このような悪影響を回避するために、N含有量を0.0100%以下とする。またNは、AlNやTiNを形成して結晶粒径を微細化し、冷間加工性を高める効果がある。このため、下限を0.0010%とした。好ましいNの含有量は0.0020~0.0040%である。
Crは、鋼の引張強さを高める元素である。Cr含有量が0.01%未満である場合、上述の効果が十分に得られない。一方、Cr含有量が0.40%超である場合、マルテンサイトが生じ易くなり、これにより伸線加工性や冷間鍛造性が劣化する。Crの好ましい含有量は0.03~0.30%である。
Nbは、NbNを形成し、固溶Nを低減して動的歪み時効を抑制する作用を有する元素である。Nb含有量が0.03%超である場合、上述の効果が飽和するとともに、熱間圧延の際に疵が発生し易くなる。Nb含有量は好ましくは0.025%以下である。
Vは、VNを形成し、固溶Nを低減して動的歪み時効を抑制する作用を有する元素である。V含有量が0.10%超である場合、上述の効果が飽和するとともに、熱間圧延の際に疵が発生し易くなる。好ましいV含有量は0.05%以下である。
Oは、線材、鋼線、及び部品(例えば機械部品)中に、Al及びTi等の酸化物として存在する。O含有量が0.0030%を超える場合、粗大な酸化物が鋼中に生成して、疲労破壊が生じ易い。好ましいO含有量は0.0020%以下である。O含有量の下限値は0%である。
金属組織のベイナイト面積率に及ぼす、伸線加工、冷間鍛造及び転造の影響は小さいため、以下の説明は、線材、鋼線及び部品のいずれにも該当する。本実施形態に係る線材、鋼線及び部品の金属組織は、面積率で90%以上のベイナイトを含む。本実施形態において、ベイナイトとは、図1に示すように、対象物(線材、鋼線又は部品)の横断面(鋼材(鋼線)の軸と直交する断面)をナイタールでエッチングした後、当該対象物の表層から所定の深さ(例えば表層から直径の0.25倍の深さ)の位置を、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で撮影した場合に、針状又は粒状のセメンタイトが分散していると認識される組織である。
本実施形態に係る線材においては、横断面で測定したベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径が15μm以下である。ここで、横断面とは、線材の軸方向に垂直な面を意味する。線材の横断面で測定したベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径が15μmを超える場合、伸線加工後の鋼線の延性が低くなり、これにより鋼線の冷間加工性が低下する。さらに、この鋼線を冷間加工して得られる部品のベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径が粗大化する。ベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径が粗大化した場合、耐力比が低下する。なお、線材のベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径は、小さい方が好ましいので、その下限値を規定する必要はない。
本実施形態に係る鋼線及び部品では、鋼線の表層の位置において、鋼線の縦断面で測定したベイナイトのブロック粒の平均アスペクト比Rが1.2~2.0である。ここで、縦断面とは、線材の軸方向に平行で、かつ中心軸を含む面を意味する。ベイナイトブロックの平均アスペクト比が1.2未満では、鋼線を冷間鍛造して製造した部品の耐水素脆化特性が劣化する。また、平均アスペクト比が2.0を超えると、耐力比が低下し、部品として使用する際に永久のびが劣化する。
本実施形態に係る鋼線では、横断面で測定した表層のベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径が(15/R)μm以下である。ここで、横断面とは、鋼線の軸方向に垂直な面を意味する。鋼線の横断面で測定した表層のベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径が(15/R)μmを超える場合、鋼線の延性が低くなり、これにより鋼線の冷間加工性が低下する。さらに、この鋼線を冷間加工して得られる部品のベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径が粗大化し、耐力が低下する。なお、鋼線の表層部におけるベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径は、小さい方が好ましいので、その下限値を規定する必要はない。
本実施形態に係る部品では、横断面で測定した表層のベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径が(15/R)μm以下である。ここで、横断面とは、部品の軸方向に垂直な面を意味する。部品の横断面で測定した表層のベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径が(15/R)μmを超える場合、耐力比が低下する。なお、鋼線の表層部におけるベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径は、小さい方が好ましいので、その下限値を規定する必要はない。また、部品のベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径の決定方法は、上述した線材のベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径の決定方法と同じである。
本実施形態に係る線材、鋼線、及び品では、横断面で測定した表層のベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径と、横断面で測定した中心部でのベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径の比が1.0未満である。当該比が1.0を超えると、鋼線の冷間鍛造性が劣化し、かつ、部品の耐力比が劣化する。
本実施形態に係る線材、鋼線及び部品では、ベイナイト中に分散したセメンタイトの平均粒径が0.1μm以下である。セメンタイトの平均粒径が0.1μmを超えると、鋼線の冷間鍛造性が劣化する。さらに、部品での耐力比が低下し、例えば機械部品として使用する際の永久伸びが劣化する。
以上のようにして得られた鋼線は、良好な冷間加工性を示す。本実施形態においては、冷間加工性を示す指標として限界圧縮率を用いる。本実施形態において、限界圧縮率とは、伸線加工後の鋼線から、高さが直径の1.5倍である試料を機械加工により作成し、この試料の端面を、同心円状に溝が付いた金型を用いて軸方向に圧縮した際に、割れが発生しない最大の圧縮率を意味する。なお、圧縮率とは、伸線の圧縮前の高さ(軸方向寸法)をH、伸線の圧縮後の高さ(軸方向寸法)をH1とした場合に、((H-H1)/H)×100で示される値である。本実施形態に係る鋼線では、限界圧縮率を80%以上とすることができ、優れた冷間加工性を実現することができる。
Claims (7)
- 質量%で、C:0.15~0.30%、Si:0.05~0.50%、Mn:0.50~1.50%、P:0.030%以下、S:0.030%以下、Al:0.005~0.060%、Ti:0.005~0.030%、B:0.0003~0.0050%、N:0.001~0.010%を含有し、残部Fe及び不可避的不純物からなる線材であって、
面積率で金属組織の90%以上がベイナイトであり、横断面で測定した表層のベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径が15μm以下であり、横断面で測定した表層のベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径と、中心部で測定したベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径との比である、(表層のベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径)/(中心部でのベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径)の値が1.0未満であり、かつ、ベイナイト中に分散したセメンタイトの平均粒径が0.1μm以下である
ことを特徴とする線材。 - 前記線材が、さらに、質量%で、Cr:0~0.40%、Nb:0~0.03%、V:0~0.10%、のうちの1種又は2種を含有する、請求項1に記載の線材。
- 質量%で、C:0.15~0.30%、Si:0.05~0.50%、Mn:0.50~1.50%、P:0.030%以下、S:0.030%以下、Al:0.005~0.060%、Ti:0.005~0.030%、B:0.0003~0.0050%、N:0.001~0.010%を含有し、残部Fe及び不可避的不純物からなる伸線加工された鋼線であって、
面積率で金属組織90%以上がベイナイトであり、鋼線の表層において、縦断面で測定したベイナイトのブロック粒の平均アスペクト比Rが1.2~2.0であり、横断面で測定した表層のベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径が(15/R)μm以下であり、横断面で測定した表層のベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径と、中心部で測定したベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径の比である、(表層のベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径)/(中心部でのベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径)の値が1.0未満であり、かつ、ベイナイト中に分散したセメンタイトの平均粒径が0.1μm以下である
ことを特徴とする鋼線。 - 前記鋼線が、さらに、質量%で、Cr:0~0.40%、Nb:0~0.03%、V:0~0.10%、のうちの1種又は2種を含有する、請求項3に記載の鋼線。
- 限界圧縮率が80%以上である、請求項3又は4に記載の鋼線。
- 質量%で、C:0.15~0.30%、Si:0.05~0.50%、Mn:0.50~1.50%、P:0.030%以下、S:0.030%以下、Al:0.005~0.060%、Ti:0.005~0.030%、B:0.0003~0.0050%、N:0.001~0.010%を含有し、残部Fe及び不可避的不純物からなる部品であって、
面積率で金属組織の90%以上がベイナイトであり、部品の表層において、縦断面で測定したベイナイトのブロック粒の平均アスペクト比Rが1.2~2.0であり、横断面で測定した表層のベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径が(15/R)μm以下であり、横断面で測定した表層のベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径と、中心部で測定したベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径の比である、(表層のベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径)/(中心部でのベイナイトの平均ブロック粒径)の値が1.0未満であり、かつ、ベイナイト中に分散したセメンタイトの平均粒径が0.1μm以下である
ことを特徴とする部品。 - 前記部品が、さらに、質量%で、Cr:0~0.40%、Nb:0~0.03%、V:0~0.10%、のうちの1種又は2種を含有する、請求項6に記載の部品。
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| JP5205820B2 (ja) * | 2007-01-17 | 2013-06-05 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 高強度鉄筋用鋼材および高強度鉄筋、ならびにそれらの製造方法 |
| EP3056580A4 (en) * | 2013-10-08 | 2017-07-26 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Wire rod, hypereutectoid bainite steel wire, and method for manufacturing same |
| CN104018076B (zh) * | 2014-06-25 | 2016-06-15 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | 一种耐高温钢筋及生产方法 |
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- 2017-07-05 WO PCT/JP2017/024705 patent/WO2018008698A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2017-07-05 JP JP2018526423A patent/JP6673478B2/ja active Active
- 2017-07-05 CN CN201780037106.0A patent/CN109312436B/zh active Active
- 2017-07-05 MX MX2018015999A patent/MX2018015999A/es unknown
- 2017-07-05 KR KR1020187038029A patent/KR102154575B1/ko active Active
- 2017-07-05 TW TW106122506A patent/TWI643959B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2017-07-05 US US16/314,122 patent/US20200123625A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2022095466A (ja) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-06-28 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鋼材 |
| JP7564439B2 (ja) | 2020-12-16 | 2024-10-09 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鋼材 |
| WO2024204820A1 (ja) * | 2023-03-31 | 2024-10-03 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鋼線及び機械部品 |
| WO2024204819A1 (ja) * | 2023-03-31 | 2024-10-03 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 線材、鋼線、及び機械部品 |
| JP7610175B1 (ja) * | 2023-03-31 | 2025-01-08 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鋼線及び機械部品 |
| JP7610174B1 (ja) * | 2023-03-31 | 2025-01-08 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 線材、鋼線、及び機械部品 |
| KR20250168532A (ko) | 2023-03-31 | 2025-12-02 | 닛폰세이테츠 가부시키가이샤 | 선재, 강선, 및 기계 부품 |
| KR20250168484A (ko) | 2023-03-31 | 2025-12-02 | 닛폰세이테츠 가부시키가이샤 | 강선 및 기계 부품 |
| WO2025258647A1 (ja) * | 2024-06-12 | 2025-12-18 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 線材、鋼線、及び機械部品 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109312436A (zh) | 2019-02-05 |
| TWI643959B (zh) | 2018-12-11 |
| MX2018015999A (es) | 2019-05-13 |
| JP6673478B2 (ja) | 2020-03-25 |
| KR102154575B1 (ko) | 2020-09-10 |
| US20200123625A1 (en) | 2020-04-23 |
| TW201812027A (zh) | 2018-04-01 |
| KR20190012226A (ko) | 2019-02-08 |
| JPWO2018008698A1 (ja) | 2019-04-18 |
| CN109312436B (zh) | 2021-08-10 |
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