WO2018047841A1 - 微粒子複合金属水酸化物、その焼成物、その製造方法及びその樹脂組成物 - Google Patents
微粒子複合金属水酸化物、その焼成物、その製造方法及びその樹脂組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018047841A1 WO2018047841A1 PCT/JP2017/032035 JP2017032035W WO2018047841A1 WO 2018047841 A1 WO2018047841 A1 WO 2018047841A1 JP 2017032035 W JP2017032035 W JP 2017032035W WO 2018047841 A1 WO2018047841 A1 WO 2018047841A1
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- metal hydroxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G9/00—Compounds of zinc
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/51—Particles with a specific particle size distribution
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2217—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2262—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2293—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of nickel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite metal hydroxide having a small average lateral width of primary particles, in which primary particles are dispersed and having high acid resistance, a fired product thereof, a production method thereof, and a resin composition thereof.
- Patent Document 1 as an inorganic filler, an aspect using a metal hydroxide is preferable from the viewpoints of flame retardant improvement effect, handling property, static elimination effect, battery durability improvement effect, and the like, among which aluminum hydroxide or water It is disclosed that magnesium oxide is preferable, and that the average particle diameter of the inorganic filler is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 2 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of short circuit resistance at high temperature, moldability, and the like.
- Patent Document 1 further discloses a method for forming a heat-resistant porous layer on at least one surface of a polyolefin porous substrate as a method for producing a separator for a lithium ion battery. More specifically, an inorganic filler is dispersed in an organic solvent to prepare a coating slurry, which is applied to a polyolefin porous substrate. Since a uniform coating film cannot be obtained unless the inorganic filler is dispersed in the coating slurry, the inorganic filler is required to have high dispersibility. When the dispersibility of the inorganic filler is not preferred, a technique is disclosed in which the inorganic filler is surface-treated with a silane coupling agent or the like to improve the dispersibility.
- the average particle size is 0.8 ⁇ m or less because the average particle size is reflected in the thickness of the separator. It is preferable that the average particle size is 0.7 ⁇ m or less, and a magnesium compound having an average particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m or less can be synthesized. It is disclosed that it is not preferable because it affects the coating process in forming the layer.
- magnesium hydroxide having an average primary particle width of 1 ⁇ m or less For example, in Patent Document 3, magnesium hydroxide having an average primary particle width of 20 to 50 nm and an average secondary particle width of 1 to 100 nm is synthesized using a microreactor.
- magnesium hydroxide having an average secondary particle diameter of 25.4 nm is synthesized by reacting magnesium salt and hydroxide salt using a microreactor.
- Acid resistance is a problem when magnesium hydroxide is used in lithium ion battery separators.
- hydrogen fluoride (HF) present in a minute amount in a battery reacts with an inorganic filler, and the surface of the inorganic filler is fluorinated, and water is generated at that time, and this water is used as an electrolyte or an electrode.
- SEI Solid Electrolyte Interface
- Patent Document 6 as in the present invention, more specifically, by combining a hydroxide of at least one transition metal selected from Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn with magnesium hydroxide, more specifically, Discloses that the acid resistance of the particles is improved by forming a solid solution of both.
- the disclosed composite metal hydroxide has a secondary particle diameter of 0.2 to 4 ⁇ m, and it has been necessary to make the particle diameter less than 0.2 ⁇ m in order to use it in a thinner film separator.
- magnesium hydroxide having fine particles, high dispersibility, high purity and excellent acid resistance has not been provided so far.
- An object of the present invention is to overcome weak acid resistance and aggregation of primary particles, which are problems of the prior art that occur when the average width of primary particles of magnesium hydroxide is reduced. Solving these problems, more specifically, (1) By improving acid resistance, the reaction with hydrogen fluoride, which occurs when magnesium hydroxide is used for separators of lithium ion batteries, is suppressed. It is possible to maintain the durability of the battery, and (2) to improve the dispersibility to form a heat-resistant porous layer having no irregularities when it is thinned.
- the present invention provides a composite metal hydroxide represented by the following formula (1) satisfying the following (A) and (B), which has overcome the above problems.
- Mg 1-X (M 2+ ) X (OH) 2 (1)
- M 2+ is at least one divalent metal selected from Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn, and the range of X is 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 0.5.
- A) The average lateral width of primary particles by SEM method is 10 nm or more and less than 200 nm;
- the monodispersity represented by the following formula is 50% or more;
- Monodispersity (%) (Average width of primary particles by SEM method / Average width of secondary particles by dynamic light scattering method) ⁇ 100
- the method for producing a composite metal hydroxide of the present invention includes the following steps (1) to (4).
- Raw material preparation for obtaining a water-soluble composite metal salt aqueous solution by mixing a water-soluble magnesium salt aqueous solution and at least one water-soluble metal salt aqueous solution selected from Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn Process.
- a wet pulverization step of wet pulverizing the slurry containing the product after aging obtained in (3).
- anionic surfactant cationic surfactant
- phosphate ester treatment agent silane coupling agent, titanate coupling agent, aluminum coupling agent, silicone treatment agent, sodium silicate after wet grinding
- the composite metal hydroxide of the present invention can overcome weakness in acid resistance and aggregation of primary particles, which are problems of the prior art that occur when the average width of primary particles of magnesium hydroxide is reduced. . For this reason, by mix
- the composite metal hydroxide of the present invention can be suitably used for various applications such as antibacterial agents, bactericides in the oral cavity, heat conductive fillers, fine ceramic raw materials, adsorbents and the like. Further, by firing the composite metal hydroxide of the present invention, a composite metal oxide having fine particles, high dispersion and high acid resistance can be produced.
- the oxides are fine particles and highly dispersed, so they are used for pharmaceutical gastrointestinal drugs, acid acceptors for synthetic rubbers and adhesives, thickeners for FRP production, additives for producing electrical steel sheets, heat conductive fillers, magnesia grinding stone materials It can be suitably used for various applications such as fine ceramic raw materials, brake materials and adsorbents.
- FIG. 1 is an SEM photograph of 100000 times the composite metal hydroxide of Sample 1 of Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a SEM photograph at 100000 times the composite metal oxide of Sample 23 in Example 33.
- the metal type, the range of X, the average width of primary particles, and the monodispersity of the composite metal hydroxide of the present invention are as follows.
- M 2+ is at least one divalent metal selected from Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn.
- Preferred M 2+ is Ni and / or Zn because of excellent acid resistance and easy availability.
- the range of X is 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 0.5
- the preferable range is 0.005 ⁇ X ⁇ 0.4
- the more preferable range is 0.01 ⁇ X ⁇ 0.2.
- the value of X is 0.5 or more, molding defects due to foaming occur, which is not preferable. This is because the dehydration temperature of M 2+ metal hydroxide is lower than that of magnesium hydroxide.
- the average lateral width of the primary particles by the SEM method is 10 nm or more and less than 200 nm, preferably 10 nm or more and less than 100 nm, more preferably 10 nm or more and 50 nm. Is less than.
- the average lateral width of the primary particles is determined from the arithmetic average of the measured values of the lateral width of any 100 crystals in the SEM photograph by SEM (scanning electron microscope).
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of how to measure the width of primary particles when the SEM method is used. As shown by the arrows in FIG.
- the lateral width of the primary particles is measured by measuring the diameter of the particles when the primary particles have a hexagonal plate shape.
- the lateral width of primary particles cannot be measured by the dynamic light scattering method in principle. Therefore, an accurate value can be calculated by visually confirming with the SEM method.
- the monodispersity represented by the following formula (B) is 50% or more, preferably 80% or more.
- the monodispersity is obtained by the following formula.
- Monodispersity (%) (Average width of primary particles by SEM method / Average width of secondary particles by dynamic light scattering method) ⁇ 100
- the average lateral width of the secondary particles is measured by a dynamic light scattering method. Secondary particles are formed by aggregation of a plurality of primary particles.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of how to measure the width of secondary particles when the dynamic light scattering method is used.
- the longest diameter of the secondary particles is the width. That is, as shown by the arrows and dotted lines in FIG. 2, the diameter of the sphere when the secondary particles are considered to be wrapped by the sphere is measured. In the SEM method, it is difficult to accurately measure the lateral width of the secondary particles.
- surface treatment In the composite metal hydroxide represented by the formula (1), in order to improve acid resistance and dispersibility, it is desirable to perform a surface treatment on the particle surface.
- surface treatment agents include anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, phosphate ester treatment agents, silane coupling agents, titanate coupling agents, aluminum coupling agents, silicone treatment agents, sodium silicate, etc.
- a preferable surface treatment agent from the viewpoint of improving acid resistance includes the combined use of sodium silicate and a cationic surfactant. Since the crystal surface of magnesium hydroxide has a positive charge, high acid resistance can be imparted by first treating the surface with sodium silicate and then treating the surface with a cationic surfactant.
- the total amount of the surface treatment agent is 0.01 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the weight of the composite metal hydroxide represented by the formula (1).
- the composite metal oxide of the present invention is represented by the following formula (2), and the metal type, the range of X, the average lateral width of the primary particles, and the monodispersity are as follows. (Mg) 1-X (M 2+ ) X O (2)
- M 2+ is at least one divalent metal selected from Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn.
- Preferred M 2+ is Ni and / or Zn because of excellent acid resistance and easy availability.
- the range of X is 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 0.5
- the preferable range is 0.005 ⁇ X ⁇ 0.4
- the more preferable range is 0.01 ⁇ X. ⁇ 0.2.
- the average lateral width of the primary particles by the SEM method is 10 nm or more and less than 200 nm, preferably 10 nm or more and less than 100 nm, more preferably 10 nm or more and less than 50 nm. It is.
- the average lateral width of the primary particles is obtained from the arithmetic average of the measured lateral widths of any 100 crystals in the SEM photograph by the SEM method.
- the monodispersity represented by the following formula (B) is 50% or more, preferably 80% or more.
- the average lateral width of the secondary particles is measured by a dynamic light scattering method. This is because it is difficult for the SEM method to accurately measure the lateral width of the secondary particles.
- Monodispersity (%) (Average width of primary particles by SEM method / Average width of secondary particles by dynamic light scattering method) ⁇ 100
- surface treatment In the composite metal oxide represented by the formula (2), in order to improve acid resistance and dispersibility, it is desirable to perform surface treatment on the particle surface.
- surface treatment agents include anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, phosphate ester treatment agents, silane coupling agents, titanate coupling agents, aluminum coupling agents, silicone treatment agents, sodium silicate, etc.
- the total amount of the surface treatment agent is 0.01 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the weight of the composite metal oxide represented by the formula (1).
- the resin composition of the present invention contains 0.1 to 250 parts by weight of the composite metal hydroxide of the present invention with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin.
- the compounding amount of the composite metal hydroxide is preferably 1 to 200 parts by weight.
- the mixing and kneading method of the resin and the composite metal hydroxide of the present invention there is no particular restriction on the mixing and kneading method of the resin and the composite metal hydroxide of the present invention, and any method can be used as long as both can be mixed uniformly. For example, they are mixed and kneaded by a single or twin screw extruder, a roll, a Banbury mixer or the like.
- molding method According to the kind of resin and rubber, the kind of desired molded article, etc., a well-known shaping
- the resin used in the present invention means a resin and / or rubber.
- a resin and / or rubber for example, polyethylene, a copolymer of ethylene and another ⁇ -olefin, a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, ethylene and an acrylate ether, Copolymers of ethylene and methyl acrylate, polypropylene, copolymers of propylene and other ⁇ -olefins, polybutene-1, poly-4-methylpentene-1, polystyrene, styrene and acrylonitrile.
- Copolymer Copolymer, Copolymer of ethylene and propylene diene rubber, Copolymer of ethylene and butadiene, Polyvinyl acetate, Polylactic acid, Polyvinyl alcohol, Polyacrylate, Polymethacrylate, Polyurethane, Polyester, Polyether, Polyamide, ABS , Polycarbonate, polyphenylene sulfide, etc.
- a plastic resin is mentioned.
- thermosetting resins such as a phenol resin, a melamine resin, an epoxy resin, an unsaturated polyester resin, an alkyd resin, are mentioned.
- EPDM EPDM, SBR, NBR, butyl rubber, chloroprene rubber, isoprene rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber, silicon rubber, fluorine rubber, chlorinated butyl rubber, brominated butyl rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, chlorinated polyethylene and the like can be mentioned.
- the resin composition of the present invention includes other additives such as antioxidants, reinforcing agents such as talc, ultraviolet absorbers, lubricants, matting agents such as fine silica, carbon black and the like.
- Flame retardants such as pigments, bromine-based flame retardants and phosphate ester-based flame retardants can be appropriately selected and blended.
- flame retardant aids such as zinc stannate, alkali metal stannate, carbon powder, and fillers such as calcium carbonate can be appropriately selected and blended.
- the preferred compounding amounts of these additives are 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of antioxidant, 0.1 to 50 parts by weight of reinforcing agent, and 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of UV absorber with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin.
- the method for producing a composite metal hydroxide of the present invention includes the following steps (1) to (4).
- a water-soluble magnesium salt aqueous solution and at least one water-soluble metal salt aqueous solution selected from Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn are mixed to prepare a water-soluble composite metal salt aqueous solution.
- the water-soluble magnesium salt include, but are not limited to, magnesium chloride, magnesium nitrate, magnesium acetate, magnesium sulfate and the like. In order to prevent aggregation of primary particles, it is preferable to use magnesium chloride, magnesium nitrate, or magnesium acetate.
- Examples of the aqueous solution of at least one water-soluble composite metal salt selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn include chloride salts, nitrates, acetates, sulfates, etc. is not. From the viewpoint of increasing acid resistance and preventing agglomeration of primary particles, hydrochloride, nitrate, and acetate are preferred.
- the concentration of the composite metal salt aqueous solution is (Mg + M 2+ ) of 0.1 to 5.0 mol / L, preferably 0.4 to 4.0 mol / L.
- the ratio of Mg to M 2+ is 0 ⁇ M 2+ / Mg ⁇ 1, preferably 0.005 ⁇ M 2+ /Mg ⁇ 0.667, more preferably 0.010 ⁇ M 2+ /Mg ⁇ 0.250. is there.
- a slurry containing a composite metal hydroxide can be produced by reacting an aqueous solution of a composite metal salt with an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution.
- the alkali metal hydroxide include sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, but are not limited thereto.
- the reaction method include batch reaction and continuous reaction, but are not limited thereto. In consideration of productivity and reaction uniformity, a continuous reaction is preferably used.
- the pH during the reaction is adjusted to 9.0 to 12.0, preferably 9.5 to 11.5, more preferably 10.0 to 11.0. When the reaction pH is lower than 9.0, the primary particles grow when the slurry is aged, which is not preferable.
- the concentration of the alkali metal hydroxide is 0.1 to 20.0 mol / L, preferably 0.4 to 15.0 mol / L.
- the concentration during the reaction is 0.1 to 5.0 mol / L, preferably 0.4 to 4.0 mol / L, in terms of composite metal hydroxide.
- the reaction temperature is 0 to 100 ° C., preferably 10 to 60 ° C., more preferably 20 to 40 ° C. When the reaction temperature is higher than 100 ° C., the primary particles grow to 200 nm or more, which is not preferable.
- the reaction temperature is less than 0 ° C., the slurry freezes, which is not preferable.
- the slurry after the reaction is stirred and held at 0 to 100 ° C. for 1 to 24 hours. By passing through this step, it is possible to relax the aggregation of primary particles that are strong immediately after the reaction. If the aging time is less than 1 hour, it is not sufficient as a time for loosening the aggregation of the primary particles. Aging for longer than 24 hours does not make sense because there is no change in the aggregated state. A preferred aging time is 2 to 18 hours, and more preferably 4 to 15 hours. If the aging temperature is higher than 100 ° C., the primary particles grow to 200 nm or more, which is not preferable. An aging temperature of less than 0 ° C. is not preferable because the slurry freezes.
- a more preferable aging temperature is 10 to 60 ° C., and most preferably 20 to 40 ° C.
- the concentration at the time of aging is 0.1 to 5.0 mol / L, preferably 0.4 to 4.0 mol / L in terms of composite metal hydroxide.
- the productivity is low, and when it is higher than 5.0 mol / L, the primary particles are aggregated, which is not preferable.
- the slurry after the aging treatment is dehydrated, washed with deionized water having a weight 20 times the solid content, and then re-emulsified with deionized water.
- the slurry after re-emulsification is wet pulverized.
- a bead mill or a high-pressure homogenizer is preferably used.
- the temperature during wet pulverization is 0 to 100 ° C., more preferably 10 to 60 ° C., and most preferably 20 to 40 ° C. If the temperature during wet pulverization is 100 ° C. or higher, the primary particles grow to 200 nm or more, which is not preferable.
- the concentration at the time of wet pulverization is 0.1 to 5.0 mol / L, preferably 0.4 to 4.0 mol / L, in terms of composite metal hydroxide.
- concentration during wet pulverization is lower than 0.1 mol / L, productivity is low, and when it is higher than 5.0 mol / L, aggregation of primary particles cannot be solved, which is not preferable.
- the preferred bead diameter is 0.001 mm to 0.1 mm, more preferably 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm.
- the preferred pressure is from 100 bar to 1000 bar, more preferably from 400 bar to 700 bar.
- the dispersibility in the resin when added, kneaded, and dispersed in the resin can be improved.
- a wet method or a dry method can be used. In consideration of processing uniformity, a wet method is preferably used.
- the slurry after the wet pulverization is dehydrated, washed with deionized water having a weight 20 times the solid content, and then suspended in deionized water.
- the temperature of the slurry after suspension is controlled, and a surface treatment agent dissolved under stirring is added. The temperature during the surface treatment is appropriately adjusted to a temperature at which the surface treatment agent is dissolved.
- the surface treatment agent examples include an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, a phosphate ester treatment agent, a silane coupling agent, a titanate coupling agent, an aluminum coupling agent, a silicone treatment agent, and sodium silicate. At least one selected from can be used. From the viewpoint of improving acid resistance, a preferred surface treatment agent is a combination of sodium silicate and a cationic surfactant.
- the total amount of the surface treatment agent is preferably 0.01 to 20% by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the weight of the composite metal hydroxide.
- the slurry after the surface treatment is dehydrated, washed with deionized water having a weight 20 times the solid content, and then dried to obtain the composite metal hydroxide of the present invention.
- the drying method can be hot air drying, vacuum drying, or the like, but is not particularly limited.
- the composite metal oxide of the present invention can be obtained by firing the composite metal hydroxide of the present invention. After firing, a surface treatment is performed by a dry method or a wet method, whereby aggregation of primary particles can be prevented and a composite metal oxide having a high monodispersity can be obtained.
- the composite metal oxide of the present invention can be obtained by firing the composite metal hydroxide of the present invention at 400 to 1000 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours.
- a more preferable firing temperature is 450 to 900 ° C., and further preferably 500 to 800 ° C.
- the firing temperature is 400 ° C. or lower, magnesium oxide is not generated, and when the firing temperature is 1000 ° C. or higher, the primary particles are coarsened by sintering.
- a more preferable firing time is 1 to 8 hours, and further preferably 1 to 6 hours. If the firing time is less than 1 hour, it is not sufficient to produce magnesium oxide, and if it is 10 hours or more, the primary particles are coarsened by sintering, which is not preferable.
- the dispersibility in the resin when added, kneaded, and dispersed in the resin can be improved.
- a wet method or a dry method can be used. In consideration of processing uniformity, a wet method is preferably used.
- the surface treatment agent in which the powder after firing is dispersed in an alcohol solvent and dissolved under stirring is added. The temperature during the surface treatment is appropriately adjusted to a temperature at which the surface treatment agent is dissolved.
- the surface treatment agent examples include an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, a phosphate ester treatment agent, a silane coupling agent, a titanate coupling agent, an aluminum coupling agent, a silicone treatment agent, and sodium silicate. At least one selected from can be used.
- the addition amount of the surface treatment agent is preferably 0.01 to 20% by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the weight of the composite metal hydroxide.
- a sample was added to ethanol, subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 5 minutes, and then subjected to arbitrary 100 crystals using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (manufactured by JEOL, JSM-7600F). The horizontal width of the primary particles was measured, and the arithmetic average was taken as the average primary particle width. The horizontal width of the primary particles is measured by measuring the diameter of the particles when the primary particles are hexagonal plate-like plate surfaces as indicated by arrows in FIG.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- ELSZ-2000S dynamic scattering particle size analyzer
- the titration is completed when 5.15 mL of 0.1N hydrochloric acid is added. Acid resistance was evaluated by the time from the start to the end of 5.15 mL of 0.1N hydrochloric acid. The longer the time, the better the acid resistance.
- (H) Acid resistance test method of resin composition (carbon dioxide gas blowing test)
- the test piece prepared in (g) was impregnated with 500 mL of deionized water, the temperature was maintained at 20 ° C., and carbon dioxide gas was blown in at a rate of 500 mL / min, and maintained for 24 hours.
- the acid resistance was evaluated by the Mg concentration in the solution after holding. The lower the Mg concentration in the solution, the better the acid resistance.
- reaction process Each solution was continuously supplied to the reaction vessel at 20 mL / min using a metering pump to cause a coprecipitation reaction.
- the reaction tank is made of stainless steel and overflows with a capacity of 500 mL, and 300 mL of deionized water is put in advance in this reaction tank, the temperature is adjusted to 30 ° C., and the mixture is stirred at 500 rpm using a stirrer.
- the raw material whose temperature was adjusted to 30 ° C. was supplied to the reaction vessel, and the flow rate was adjusted so that the reaction pH was 10.3.
- the obtained slurry was temperature-controlled at 30 ° C. and aged for 10 hours while stirring at 300 rpm.
- the reaction product was filtered and washed with deionized water, and then the cake was dispersed in deionized water to obtain a slurry.
- the slurry was wet pulverized using a bead mill (Hiroshima Metal & Machinery, Ultra Apex Mill). 400 mL of a slurry with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L was circulated at 200 mL / min, and pulverized for 20 minutes at a diameter of 0.03 mm beads and a rotation speed of 400 Hz. The ground slurry was filtered with suction and deionized. The cake was put into a hot air dryer, dried at 110 ° C. for 12 hours, and then pulverized to obtain a composite metal hydroxide sample 1 of the present invention.
- a bead mill Hiroshima Metal & Machinery, Ultra Apex Mill
- FIG. 3 shows an SEM photograph of Sample 1 at a magnification of 100,000.
- Example 1 In the raw material preparation step of Example 1, a sample was prepared in the same manner except that reagent grade zinc chloride was used instead of reagent grade nickel chloride to obtain the composite metal hydroxide sample 2 of the present invention. It was.
- the composite metal hydroxide sample of the present invention was prepared in the same manner as in the raw material preparation step of Example 1, except that reagent grade manganese chloride (2) was used instead of reagent grade nickel chloride. 3 was obtained.
- Example 1 In the reaction step of Example 1, a sample was prepared in the same manner except that the pH during the reaction was set to 9.3 to obtain a composite metal hydroxide sample 5 of the present invention.
- Example 1 In the reaction step of Example 1, a sample was prepared in the same manner except that the pH during the reaction was set to 11.6 to obtain a composite metal hydroxide sample 6 of the present invention.
- Example 1 In the aging step of Example 1, a sample was prepared in the same manner except that the aging temperature was set to 60 ° C. to obtain a composite metal hydroxide sample 7 of the present invention.
- Example 1 In the aging step of Example 1, a sample was prepared in the same manner except that the aging temperature was 10 ° C., and a composite metal hydroxide sample 8 of the present invention was obtained.
- Example 1 In the aging step of Example 1, a sample was prepared in the same manner except that the aging time was 3 hours, and a composite metal hydroxide sample 9 of the present invention was obtained.
- Example 1 In the aging process of Example 1, a sample was prepared in the same manner except that the aging time was set to 20 hours to obtain a composite metal hydroxide sample 10 of the present invention.
- Example 1 instead of the bead mill, a sample was prepared in the same manner except that wet pulverization was performed using a high-pressure homogenizer (manufactured by SMT, LAB1000) to obtain the composite metal hydroxide sample 11 of the present invention. It was. 400 mL of slurry having a concentration of 0.5 mol / L was circulated at 200 mL / min, and wet pulverization was performed at 500 bar for 20 minutes.
- a high-pressure homogenizer manufactured by SMT, LAB1000
- Example 1 the sodium silicate-containing treatment liquid heated to 80 ° C. was added to the slurry after wet pulverization, and the mixture was stirred and held at 80 ° C. for 20 minutes. Subsequently, a dioleyldimethylammonium chloride treatment solution heated to 80 ° C. was added, and the mixture was stirred and held at 80 ° C. for 20 minutes. After cooling the surface-treated slurry to 30 ° C., suction filtration and deionization washing were performed. Thereafter, the cake was put into a hot air dryer, dried at 110 ° C. for 12 hours, and then pulverized to obtain a composite metal hydroxide sample 12 of the present invention.
- Example 12 In the surface treatment step of Example 12, a sample was prepared in the same manner except that No. 3 sodium silicate was used alone to obtain a composite metal hydroxide sample 13 of the present invention.
- Example 12 In the surface treatment step of Example 12, a sample was prepared in the same manner except that dioleyldimethylammonium chloride was used alone to obtain a composite metal hydroxide sample 14 of the present invention.
- Example 12 In the surface treatment step of Example 12, a sample was prepared in the same manner except that 1% by weight of sodium stearate was used instead of sodium silicate, and the composite metal water of the present invention was used. An oxide sample 15 was obtained.
- Example 12 In the surface treatment step of Example 12, a sample was prepared in the same manner except that 1% by weight of sodium stearate was used alone with respect to the composite metal hydroxide, and the composite metal hydroxide sample of the present invention was used. 16 was obtained.
- Example 1 In the raw material preparation step of Example 1, a sample was prepared in the same manner except that reagent grade magnesium chloride was used alone, and Sample 17 was obtained.
- Example 2 A sample was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the pH during the reaction was set to 8.5.
- Example 4 In the aging step of Example 1, a sample was prepared in the same manner except that the aging temperature was 120 ° C., and Sample 20 was obtained.
- Example 5 A sample was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the aging step was omitted, and a sample 21 was obtained.
- Example 6 A sample was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the wet pulverization step was omitted, and a sample 22 was obtained.
- the composite metal hydroxide of the present application has an average primary particle width of 200 nm or less and a monodispersity of 50% or more.
- the composite metal hydroxide of Example 1 has a significantly improved powder acid resistance while maintaining a high degree of monodispersity.
- the samples of Examples 12 to 16 subjected to surface treatment show higher monodispersity and powder acid resistance than the samples without surface treatment.
- Example 12 using sodium silicate and dioleyldimethylammonium chloride shows a significant improvement in monodispersity and acid resistance.
- Example 1 110 parts by weight of the powder sample 1 prepared in Example 1 was added to 100 parts by weight of polyethylene to produce a resin composition.
- Polyethylene manufactured by Nippon Polyethylene, Novatec LL UF-240
- a powder sample are melt-kneaded at 150 ° C. using a plast mill (manufactured by BRABENDER), and the resulting resin composition is press molded (manufactured by Shindo Metal Co., Ltd.
- a test piece was prepared by performing a formula SF type hydraulic press. Table 3 shows the results of the flame retardancy test and the acid resistance test.
- Test pieces were prepared in the same manner as in Example 17 using the powder sample 2 prepared in Example 2.
- Example 3 Using the powder sample 3 prepared in Example 3, a test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 17.
- Test pieces were prepared in the same manner as in Example 17 using the powder sample 4 prepared in Example 4.
- Test pieces were prepared in the same manner as in Example 17 using the powder sample 5 prepared in Example 5.
- Test pieces were prepared in the same manner as in Example 17 using the powder sample 6 prepared in Example 6.
- Test pieces were prepared in the same manner as in Example 17 using the powder sample 7 prepared in Example 7.
- Test pieces were prepared in the same manner as in Example 17 using the powder sample 8 prepared in Example 8.
- Test pieces were prepared in the same manner as in Example 17 using the powder sample 9 prepared in Example 9.
- Test pieces were prepared in the same manner as in Example 17 using the powder sample 10 prepared in Example 10.
- Test pieces were prepared in the same manner as in Example 17 using the powder sample 11 prepared in Example 11.
- Test pieces were prepared in the same manner as in Example 17 using the powder sample 12 prepared in Example 12.
- Test pieces were prepared in the same manner as in Example 17 using the powder sample 13 prepared in Example 13.
- Test pieces were prepared in the same manner as in Example 17 using the powder sample 14 prepared in Example 14.
- Test pieces were prepared in the same manner as in Example 17, using the powder sample 15 prepared in Example 15.
- Example 16 Using the powder sample 16 produced in Example 16, a test piece was produced in the same manner as in Example 17.
- Comparative Example 7 Using the powder sample 17 produced in Comparative Example 1, a test piece was produced in the same manner as in Example 17.
- the resin composition containing the composite metal hydroxide of the present invention satisfied the V-0 or V-1 standard in the UL94 vertical test (1/8 inch), and in the carbon dioxide blowing test, Mg resin It can be seen that there is little elution of.
- Example 1 The powder sample 1 produced in Example 1 was fired at 500 ° C. for 1 hour in a siliconite electric furnace in an air atmosphere. After cooling, the mixture was pulverized using a mortar to obtain a composite metal oxide sample 23 of the present invention.
- the experimental conditions of Sample 23 are shown in Table 4, and the chemical composition, average primary particle width, secondary particle average width, monodispersity, and acid resistance test results are shown in Table 5.
- FIG. 4 shows an SEM photograph of sample 23 at a magnification of 100,000.
- Example 33 A composite metal oxide sample 24 of the present invention was obtained in the same manner except that the firing temperature was set to 800 ° C.
- Example 33 A composite metal oxide sample 25 of the present invention was obtained in the same manner except that the firing time was 8 hours.
- Example 33 the fired composite metal oxide was dispersed in an ethanol solvent under stirring, and the temperature was adjusted to 60 ° C. Similarly, a stearic acid-containing treatment solution heated to 60 ° C. was added, and the mixture was stirred and held at 60 ° C. for 20 minutes. After the surface-treated slurry was cooled to 30 ° C., suction filtration was performed. The cake was naturally dried and then pulverized to obtain a composite metal oxide sample 26 of the present invention.
- Example 33 in place of the powder sample 1 produced in Example 1, Sample 29 produced in Comparative Example 1 was prepared in the same manner except that it was baked at 500 ° C. for 1 hour in an air atmosphere in a siliconite electric furnace. Got.
- Table 4 and Table 5 show that the composite metal oxide of the present application has a primary particle size of less than 200 nm, a monodispersity of 50% or more, and high acid resistance.
- sample 26 Example 36
- Sample 28 Comparative Example 14
- Sample 29 Comparative Example 15
- Sample 29 has poor acid resistance of the powder.
- the composite metal hydroxide of the present invention can be added to the separator of a lithium ion battery, thereby suppressing the reaction with hydrogen fluoride while suppressing the thickness of the separator and improving the safety of the battery. Further, the composite metal hydroxide of the present invention can be suitably used as a flame retardant. Since the fine particles are highly dispersed, the amount of the resin can be reduced, and the acid resistance of the resin can be improved.
- the composite metal hydroxide of the present invention can be suitably used for various applications such as antibacterial agents, bactericides in the oral cavity, heat conductive fillers, fine ceramic raw materials, adsorbents and the like. Further, by firing the composite metal hydroxide of the present invention, a composite metal oxide having fine particles, high dispersion and high acid resistance can be produced.
- the oxides are fine particles and highly dispersed, so they are used for pharmaceutical gastrointestinal drugs, acid acceptors for synthetic rubbers and adhesives, thickeners for FRP production, additives for producing electrical steel sheets, heat conductive fillers, magnesia grinding stone materials It can be suitably used for various applications such as fine ceramic raw materials, brake materials and adsorbents.
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Abstract
Description
(Mg)1-X(M2+)X(OH)2 (1)
(ただし、式中M2+はCr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Znから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の2価金属、Xの範囲は0<X<0.5である。)
(A)SEM法による1次粒子の平均横幅が10nm以上200nm未満;
(B)下記式で表わされる単分散度が50%以上;
単分散度(%)=(SEM法よる1次粒子の平均横幅/動的光散乱法による2次粒子の平均横幅)×100
(1)水溶性マグネシウム塩水溶液と、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Znから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の水溶性金属塩水溶液を混合し、水溶性複合金属塩水溶液を得る原料調整工程。
(2)(1)で得られた水溶性複合金属塩水溶液と、アルカリ金属水酸化物水溶液を反応させ、生成物を含むスラリーを得る反応工程。
(3)(2)で得られた生成物を含むスラリーを、0~100℃で1~24時間攪拌保持する熟成工程。
(4)(3)で得られた熟成後の生成物を含むスラリーを、湿式粉砕する湿式粉砕工程。
このため、リチウムイオン電池のセパレータに配合することで、セパレータの膜厚を抑えつつ、フッ化水素との反応を抑制し、電池の安全性を高めることができる。また本発明の複合金属水酸化物は、難燃剤としても好適に用いることができる。微粒子高分散ゆえに樹脂への配合量を減らすことができ、かつ樹脂の耐酸性を向上させることができる。
本発明の複合金属水酸化物の、金属の種類、Xの範囲、1次粒子の平均横幅、単分散度は以下の通りである。
式(1)で表される複合金属水酸化物において、M2+はCr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Znから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の2価金属である。耐酸性に優れ、入手が容易であることから、好ましいM2+はNi及び/又はZnである。難燃剤用途としては、M2+金属元素の脱水素触媒効果により、プラスチック表面の炭化層形成を促進し、難燃性を向上させることができる。
式(1)で表される複合金属水酸化物において、Xの範囲は0<X<0.5であり、好ましい範囲は0.005≦X≦0.4、さらに好ましい範囲は0.01≦X≦0.2である。Xの値が0.5以上の場合、発泡による成形不良が起こるため好ましくない。これは、水酸化マグネシウムに比べM2+金属水酸化物の脱水温度が低いためである。
式(1)で表される複合金属水酸化物において、(A)SEM法による1次粒子の平均横幅は10nm以上200nm未満であり、好ましくは10nm以上100nm未満であり、さらに好ましくは10nm以上50nm未満である。1次粒子の平均横幅は、SEM(走査型電子顕微鏡)によりSEM写真中の任意の100個の結晶の横幅の測定値の算術平均から求める。図1は、SEM法を用いた場合の、1次粒子の横幅の測り方の模式図である。図1で示す矢印のように、1次粒子の横幅は、1次粒子が六角板状の板面としたときの粒子の直径を測る。1次粒子の横幅は、原理上、動的光散乱法で測定することができない。したがって、SEM法により目視で確認することで正確な値を算出することができる。
式(1)で表される複合金属水酸化物において、(B)下記式で表わされる単分散度が50%以上であり、好ましくは80%以上である。単分散度は以下の式で求める。
単分散度(%)=(SEM法よる1次粒子の平均横幅/動的光散乱法による2次粒子の平均横幅)×100
単分散度を高めることで、リチウムイオン電池のセパレータに用いた際、凹凸のない耐熱性多孔質層を形成することできる。2次粒子の平均横幅は、動的光散乱法により測定する。2次粒子は、複数の1次粒子が凝集して形成される。図2は、動的光散乱法を用いた場合の、2次粒子の横幅の測り方の模式図である。2次粒子の最長径が横幅となる。すなわち、図2の矢印と点線で示すように2次粒子が球体に包まれると考えた時の球体の直径を測る。なお、SEM法では、2次粒子の横幅を正確に測定することが困難である。
式(1)で表される複合金属水酸化物において、耐酸性、分散性を改善するため、粒子表面に表面処理をすることが望ましい。表面処理剤としては、アニオン系界面活性剤、カチオン系界面活性剤、リン酸エステル系処理剤、シランカップリング剤、チタネートカップリング剤、アルミニウムカップリング剤、シリコーン系処理剤、ケイ酸ナトリウム等を例示することができるが、この限りではない。耐酸性向上の観点で好ましい表面処理剤として、ケイ酸ナトリウム及びカチオン系界面活性剤の併用が挙げられる。水酸化マグネシウムの結晶表面はプラス電荷を帯びているため、まずケイ酸ナトリウムで表面処理し、その後でカチオン系界面活性剤で表面処理することで、高い耐酸性を付与することができる。表面処理剤の合計量は、式(1)で表される複合金属水酸化物の重量に対して、0.01~20重量%、好ましくは0.5~10重量%である。
本発明の複合金属酸化物は以下に示す式(2)で表され、金属の種類、Xの範囲、1次粒子の平均横幅、単分散度は次の通りである。
(Mg)1-X(M2+)XO (2)
式(2)で表される複合金属酸化物において、M2+はCr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Znから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の2価金属である。耐酸性に優れ、入手が容易であることから、好ましいM2+はNi及び/又はZnである。
式(1)で表される複合金属酸化物において、Xの範囲は0<X<0.5であり、好ましい範囲は0.005≦X≦0.4、さらに好ましい範囲は0.01≦X≦0.2である。
式(2)で表される複合金属酸化物において、(A)SEM法による1次粒子の平均横幅は10nm以上200nm未満であり、好ましくは10nm以上100nm未満であり、さらに好ましくは10nm以上50nm未満である。1次粒子の平均横幅は、SEM法によりSEM写真中の任意の100個の結晶の横幅の測定値の算術平均から求める。
式(2)で表される複合金属酸化物において、(B)下記式で表わされる単分散度が50%以上であり、好ましくは80%以上である。2次粒子の平均横幅は、動的光散乱法により測定する。SEM法では、2次粒子の横幅を正確に測定することが困難なためである。
単分散度(%)=(SEM法よる1次粒子の平均横幅/動的光散乱法による2次粒子の平均横幅)×100
式(2)で表される複合金属酸化物において、耐酸性、分散性を改善するため、粒子表面に表面処理をすることが望ましい。表面処理剤としては、アニオン系界面活性剤、カチオン系界面活性剤、リン酸エステル系処理剤、シランカップリング剤、チタネートカップリング剤、アルミニウムカップリング剤、シリコーン系処理剤、ケイ酸ナトリウム等を例示することができるが、この限りではない。表面処理剤の合計量は、式(1)で表される複合金属酸化物の重量に対して、0.01~20重量%、好ましくは0.5~10重量%である。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、樹脂100重量部に対し、0.1~250重量部の本発明の複合金属水酸化物を含有する。複合金属水酸化物の配合量は、好ましくは1~200重量部である。
本発明の複合金属水酸化物の製造方法は、以下の(1)~(4)の工程を含む。
(1)水溶性マグネシウム塩水溶液と、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Znから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の水溶性金属塩水溶液を混合し、水溶性複合金属塩水溶液を得る原料調整工程。
(2)(1)で得られた水溶性複合金属塩水溶液と、アルカリ金属水酸化物水溶液を反応させ、生成物を含むスラリーを得る反応工程。
(3)(2)で得られた生成物を含むスラリーを、0~100℃で1~24時間攪拌保持する熟成工程。
(4)(3)で得られた熟成後の生成物を含むスラリーを、湿式粉砕する湿式粉砕工程。
水溶性マグネシウム塩水溶液と、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Znから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の水溶性金属塩水溶液を混合し、水溶性複合金属塩水溶液を作製する。水溶性マグネシウム塩として、塩化マグネシウム、硝酸マグネシウム、酢酸マグネシウム、硫酸マグネシウム等が挙げられるが、この限りではない。1次粒子の凝集を防ぐため、塩化マグネシウム、硝酸マグネシウム、酢酸マグネシウムを用いるのが好ましい。Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Znからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の水溶性複合金属塩水溶液は、塩化物塩、硝酸塩、酢酸塩、硫酸塩等が挙げられるが、この限りではない。耐酸性を高め、1次粒子の凝集を防ぐという観点から、塩酸塩、硝酸塩、酢酸塩が好ましい。複合金属塩水溶液の濃度は、(Mg+M2+)として0.1~5.0mol/L、好ましくは0.4~4.0mol/Lである。MgとM2+の比率は、0<M2+/Mg<1であり、好ましくは0.005≦M2+/Mg≦0.667、更に好ましくは0.010≦M2+/Mg≦0.250である。
水溶性複合金属塩水溶液と、アルカリ金属水酸化物水溶液を反応させることで、複合金属水酸化物を含んだスラリーを作製することができる。アルカリ金属水酸化物として、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等が挙げられるが、この限りではない。反応方法としては、例えばバッチ反応、連続反応が挙げられるが、この限りではない。生産性と反応の均一性を考慮した場合、好ましくは連続反応が好適に用いられる。反応時のpHは、9.0~12.0に調整し、好ましくは9.5~11.5、さらに好ましくは10.0~11.0である。反応pHが9.0より低い場合は、スラリーの熟成時に1次粒子が成長してしまうため、好ましくない。反応が12.0より高い場合は、原料由来の不純物が沈殿しやすくなることや、経済上の理由から好ましくない。アルカリ金属水酸化物の濃度は0.1~20.0mol/Lであり、好ましくは0.4~15.0mol/Lである。反応時の濃度は、複合金属水酸化物換算で0.1~5.0mol/Lであり、好ましくは0.4~4.0mol/Lである。反応時の濃度が0.1mol/Lより低い場合は生産性が低く、5.0mol/Lより高い場合は1次粒子が凝集するため好ましくない。反応温度は、0~100℃であり、好ましくは10~60℃、さらに好ましくは20~40℃である。反応温度が100℃より高い場合は、1次粒子が200nm以上に成長してしまうため好ましくない。反応温度が0℃未満の場合は、スラリーが凍ってしまうため好ましくない。
上記の反応後スラリーを、1~24時間、0~100℃で、攪拌保持する。この工程を経ることにより、反応直後は強固である1次粒子の凝集を緩めることができる。熟成時間が1時間未満では、1次粒子の凝集を緩めるための時間として十分ではない。24時間より長く熟成しても、凝集状態に変化がないため意味をなさない。好ましい熟成時間は2~18時間であり、さらに好ましくは4~15時間である。熟成温度が100℃より高ければ、1次粒子が200nm以上に成長してしまうため好ましくない。熟成温度が0℃未満では、スラリーが凍ってしまうため好ましくない。さらに好ましい熟成温度は10~60℃であり、最も好ましくは20~40℃である。熟成時の濃度は複合金属水酸化物換算で0.1~5.0mol/Lであり、好ましくは0.4~4.0mol/Lである。熟成時の濃度が0.1mol/Lより低い場合は生産性が低く、5.0mol/Lより高い場合は1次粒子が凝集するため好ましくない。
熟成処理後のスラリーを脱水し、固形分に対して20倍の重量の脱イオン水にて水洗浄した後、脱イオン水にてケーキの再乳化を行う。再乳化後のスラリーを湿式粉砕する。湿式粉砕は、例えばビーズミルや高圧式ホモジナイザー等が好適に用いられる。湿式粉砕時の温度は0~100℃であり、さらに好ましくは10~60℃であり、最も好ましくは20~40℃である。湿式粉砕時の温度が100℃以上では、1次粒子が200nm以上に成長してしまうため好ましくない。湿式粉砕時の温度が0℃未満では、スラリーが凍ってしまうため好ましくない。湿式粉砕時の濃度は複合金属水酸化物換算で0.1~5.0mol/Lであり、好ましくは0.4~4.0mol/Lである。湿式粉砕時の濃度が0.1mol/Lより低い場合は生産性が低く、5.0mol/Lより高い場合は1次粒子の凝集を解くことができないため好ましくない。ビーズミルの場合、好ましいビーズ直径は0.001mm~0.1mm、さらに好ましくは0.01mm~0.05mmである。高圧式ホモジナイザーの場合、好ましい圧力は100bar~1000bar、さらに好ましくは400bar~700barである。
湿式粉砕後、複合金属水酸化物に対して表面処理を行うことで、樹脂に添加、混練、分散する場合の、樹脂中での分散性を改善できる。表面処理は、湿式法又は乾式法を用いることができる。処理の均一性を考慮した場合、湿式法が好適に用いられる。湿式粉砕後のスラリーを脱水し、固形分に対して20倍の重量の脱イオン水にて水洗浄した後、脱イオン水に懸濁させる。懸濁後のスラリーを温調し、撹拌下に溶解させた表面処理剤を添加する。表面処理時の温度は表面処理剤が溶解する温度に適宜調整する。
表面処理後のスラリーを脱水し、固形分に対して20倍の重量の脱イオン水にて水洗浄した後、乾燥させ、本発明の複合金属水酸化物を得る。乾燥方法は、熱風乾燥、真空乾燥等を用いることができるが、特に制限されるものではない。
本発明の複合金属酸化物は、本発明の複合金属水酸化物を焼成することにより得られる。焼成後、乾式又は湿式法で表面処理を行うことにより、1次粒子の凝集を防ぎ、単分散度の高い複合金属酸化物を得ることができる。
本発明の複合金属水酸化物を、400~1000℃、1~10時間焼成することで、本発明の複合金属酸化物を得ることができる。より好ましい焼成温度は450~900℃、さらに好ましくは500~800℃である。焼成温度が400℃以下では酸化マグネシウムが生成せず、1000℃以上では焼結により1次粒子が粗大化してしまうため好ましくない。より好ましい焼成時間は1~8時間、さらに好ましくは1~6時間である。焼成時間が1時間未満では酸化マグネシウムが生成するのに十分ではなく、10時間以上では焼結により1次粒子が粗大化してしまうため好ましくない。
焼成後、複合金属酸化物に対して表面処理を行うことで、樹脂に添加、混練、分散する場合の、樹脂中での分散性を改善できる。表面処理は、湿式法又は乾式法を用いることができる。処理の均一性を考慮した場合、湿式法が好適に用いられる。焼成後の粉末をアルコール溶媒に分散させ、撹拌下に溶解させた表面処理剤を添加する。表面処理時の温度は表面処理剤が溶解する温度に適宜調整する。
試料をエタノールに加え、超音波処理を5分間行った後、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)(日本電子製、JSM-7600F)を用い、任意の100個の結晶の1次粒子の横幅を測定し、その算術平均をもって1次粒子の平均横幅とした。なお、1次粒子の横幅は、図1で示す矢印のように、1次粒子が六角板状の板面としたときの粒子の直径を測定する。
試料をエタノールに加え、超音波処理を5分間行った後、動的散乱法粒度測定機(大塚電子製、ELSZ-2000S)を用いて粒度分布を測定し、その個数平均径をもって、2次粒子の平均横幅とした。すなわち、2次粒子が球体に包まれると考えた時の球体の直径を2次粒子の横幅として測定し、その個数平均を2次粒子の平均横幅とした。
以下の式に基づいて、(a)及び(b)の値から算出した。単分散度(%)=(1次粒子の平均横幅/2次粒子の平均横幅)×100
サンプルを硝酸に加熱・溶解させた後、Mg、Mn、Ni、Znをキレート滴定にて定量した。
(ケイ酸)サンプルを硫酸及び硝酸を用いて加熱・溶解させた後、重量法により、
サンプルの重量に対するケイ酸(SiO2として)の被覆量を算出した。
(ステアリン酸)エーテル抽出法により、サンプルの重量に対するステアリン酸の被覆量を算出した。
(カチオン系界面活性剤)ケルダール法によりサンプルの窒素分を抽出した後、分光光度計を用い、吸光度から窒素含量を測定した。サンプル中の窒素含量から、サンプルの重量に対するカチオン系界面活性剤の被覆量を算出した。
32℃に保温しておいたビーカーに32℃のエタノール2mLと回転子を入れ、該ビーカーを恒温槽(32℃)に浸し、撹拌を開始する。1分後に試料0.1gを投入する。試料投入より1分後に32℃の水40mLを投入し、pHメーター電極とビュレットのセットをビーカー内に浸す。水投入より1分後に、自動滴定装置(東亜ディーケーケー社製)を使用し、試験スラリーのpHが常に4.0、温度32℃になるよう、0.1N塩酸を注加する。0.1N塩酸5.15mLを注加した時点で滴定を終了する。耐酸性は、0.1N塩酸5.15mLの注加開始から終了までの時間で評価した。時間が長いほど耐酸性に優れる。
ポリエチレン100重量部に対して、各サンプルを110重量部添加して樹脂組成物を作成した。ポリエチレンと各サンプルを、プラストミル(BRABENDER社製)を用いて150℃で溶融混練し、得られた樹脂組成物をプレス成形(神藤金属社製、シンドー式SF型油圧プレス)することでテストピースを作成した。UL94垂直試験法(1/8インチ)に従い、樹脂組成物の難燃性を測定した。難燃性が高い順に、V-0、V-1、V-2の規格が付与される。難燃規格を満たさないものは、規格外とされる。
(g)で作成したテストピースを500mLの脱イオン水に含浸させ、温度を20℃に保持して炭酸ガスを500mL/分の速度で吹き込こみ、24時間保持した。耐酸性は、保持後の溶液中のMg濃度で評価した。溶液中のMg濃度が低いほど耐酸性に優れる。
試薬1級の塩化マグネシウムと試薬1級の塩化ニッケルを脱イオン水に溶解させ、Mg=0.9mol/L、Ni=0.1mol/Lの複合金属塩水溶液を調製した。一方、試薬1級の水酸化ナトリウムを脱イオン水に溶解させ、Na=2mol/Lのアルカリ金属水酸化物水溶液を調製した。
それぞれの溶液を、計量ポンプを用いて20mL/minで連続的に反応槽に供給し、共沈反応をさせた。反応槽はステンレス製、容量500mLでオーバーフローする構造となっており、この反応槽にあらかじめ300mLの脱イオン水を入れ、30℃に温度調整し、攪拌機を用い500rpmで撹拌をしておく。同じく30℃に温度調整した原料を反応槽に供給し、反応pHが10.3となるように流量を調整した。
得られたスラリーを30℃に温調し、300rpmで攪拌しながら10時間熟成させた。反応生成物を濾過、脱イオン水洗した後、ケーキを脱イオン水に分散させ、スラリーを得た。
スラリーを、ビーズミル(広島メタル&マシナリー社製、ウルトラアペックスミル)を用い、湿式粉砕した。濃度0.5mol/Lのスラリー400mLを200mL/minで循環させ、直径0.03mmビーズ、回転数400Hzで20分間粉砕を行った。粉砕後のスラリーを吸引濾過、脱イオン洗浄した。ケーキを熱風乾燥器に入れ、110℃で12時間乾燥させた後、粉砕し、本発明の複合金属水酸化物サンプル1を得た。サンプル1の実験条件を表1に、化学組成、1次粒子の平均横幅、2次粒子の平均横幅、単分散度、耐酸性試験結果を表2に示す。図3に、サンプル1の100000倍のSEM写真を示す。
複合金属水酸化物に対して、4重量%の試薬1級の3号ケイ酸ナトリウム溶液を用い、脱イオン水で50mLにメスアップし、すなわち、脱イオン水を50mLになるまで加え(以下、同様。)、ケイ酸ナトリウム含有処理液とした。複合金属水酸化物に対して1重量%の試薬1級の塩化ジオレイルジメチルアンモニウム溶液を用い、脱イオン水で50mLにメスアップし、塩化ジオレイルジメチルアンモニウム処理液とした。
実施例1の原料調整工程において、試薬1級の塩化マグネシウムを単独で使用したこと以外は同様にしてサンプルを作製し、サンプル17を得た。
実施例1の反応工程において、反応時のpHを8.5としたこと以外は同様にしてサンプルを作製し、サンプル18を得た。
実施例1の熟成工程において、熟成時間を30分としたこと以外は同様にしてサンプルを作製し、サンプル19を得た。
実施例1の熟成工程において、熟成温度を120℃としたこと以外は同様にしてサンプルを作製し、サンプル20を得た。
実施例1において、熟成工程を省いたこと以外は同様にしてサンプルを作製し、サンプル21を得た。
実施例1において、湿式粉砕工程を除いたこと以外は同様にしてサンプルを作製し、サンプル22を得た。
比較例1で作製した粉末サンプル17を用い、実施例17と同様の方法でテストピースを作成した。
比較例2で作製した粉末サンプル18を用い、実施例17と同様の方法でテストピースを作成した。
比較例3で作製した粉末サンプル19を用い、実施例17と同様の方法でテストピースを作成した。
比較例4で作製した粉末サンプル20を用い、実施例17と同様の方法でテストピースを作成した。
比較例5で作製した粉末サンプル21を用い、実施例17と同様の方法でテストピースを作成した。
比較例6で作製した粉末サンプル22を用い、実施例17と同様の方法でテストピースを作成した。
実施例1で作製した粉末サンプル1を、シリコニット電気炉で大気雰囲気下、500℃で1時間焼成した。冷却後、乳鉢を用いて粉砕し、本発明の複合金属酸化物サンプル23を得た。サンプル23の実験条件を表4に、化学組成、1次粒子の平均横幅、2次粒子の平均横幅、単分散度、耐酸性試験結果を表5に示す。図4に、サンプル23の100000倍のSEM写真を示す。
複合金属酸化物に対して1重量%の試薬1級のステアリン酸を用い、エタノール50mLに溶解させ、ステアリン酸含有処理液とした。
実施例33において、焼成温度を1200℃にしたこと以外は同様にして、サンプル27を得た。
実施例33において、焼成時間を12時間にしたこと以外は同様にして、サンプル28を得た。
実施例33において、実施例1で作製した粉末サンプル1に代え、比較例1で作製したサンプル17を、シリコニット電気炉で大気雰囲気下、500℃で1時間焼成した以外は同様にして、サンプル29を得た。
Claims (13)
- 以下の(A)及び(B)を満たす下記式(1)で表される複合金属水酸化物。
(Mg)1-X(M2+)X(OH)2 (1)
(ただし、式中M2+はCr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Znから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の2価金属、Xの範囲は0<X<0.5である。)
(A)SEM法による1次粒子の平均横幅が10nm以上200nm未満;
(B)下記式で表わされる単分散度が50%以上;
単分散度(%)=(SEM法による1次粒子の平均横幅/動的光散乱法による2次粒子の平均横幅)×100 - 請求項1において、(A)SEM法による1次粒子の平均横幅が10nm以上100nm未満である、請求項1記載の複合金属水酸化物。
- 請求項1において、(A)SEM法による1次粒子の平均横幅が10nm以上50nm未満である、請求項1記載の複合金属水酸化物。
- 請求項1において、(B)横幅の単分散度が80%以上である、請求項1記載の複合金属水酸化物。
- 請求項1において、式(1)のxの範囲が0.005≦x≦0.4である、請求項1記載の複合金属水酸化物。
- 請求項1において、式(1)のxの範囲が0.01≦x≦0.2である、請求項1記載の複合金属水酸化物。
- 請求項1において、式(1)のM2+がNi及び/又はZnである請求項1記載の複合金属水酸化物。
- アニオン系界面活性剤、カチオン系界面活性剤、リン酸エステル系処理剤、シランカップリング剤、チタネートカップリング剤、アルミニウムカップリング剤、シリコーン系処理剤、ケイ酸からなる群より選ばれる1種以上で表面処理されている、請求項1記載の複合金属水酸化物。
- ケイ酸及びカチオン系界面活性剤で表面処理されている、請求項1記載の複合金属水酸化物。
- 以下の(A)及び(B)を満たす下記式(2)で表される複合金属酸化物。
(Mg)1-X(M2+)XO (2)
(ただし、式中M2+はCr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Znから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の2価金属、Xの範囲は0<X<0.5である。)
(A)SEM法による1次粒子の平均横幅が10nm以上200nm未満;
(B)下記式で表わされる単分散度が50%以上;
単分散度(%)=(SEM法よる1次粒子の平均横幅/動的光散乱法による2次粒子の平均横幅)×100 - 樹脂100重量部に対し、0.1~250重量部の請求項1記載の複合金属水酸化物を含有する樹脂組成物。
- 以下の工程:
(1)水溶性マグネシウム塩水溶液と、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Znから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の水溶性金属塩水溶液を混合し、水溶性複合金属塩水溶液を得る原料調整工程、
(2)(1)で得られた水溶性複合金属塩水溶液と、アルカリ金属水酸化物水溶液を反応させ、生成物を含むスラリーを得る反応工程、
(3)(2)で得られた生成物を含むスラリーを、0~100℃で1~24時間攪拌保持する熟成工程、
(4)(3)で得られた熟成後の生成物を含むスラリーを、湿式粉砕する湿式粉砕工程、
を含む、請求項1記載の複合金属水酸化物の製造方法。 - 以下の工程:
(1)水溶性マグネシウム塩水溶液と、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Znから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の水溶性金属塩水溶液を混合し、水溶性複合金属塩水溶液を得る原料調整工程、
(2)(1)で得られた水溶性複合金属塩水溶液と、アルカリ金属水酸化物水溶液を反応させ、生成物を含むスラリーを得る反応工程、
(3)(2)で得られた生成物を含むスラリーを、0~100℃で1~24時間攪拌保持する熟成工程、
(4)(3)で得られた熟成後の生成物を含むスラリーを、湿式粉砕する湿式粉砕工程、
(5)(4)で得られた湿式粉砕後のスラリーを脱水し、得られたケーキを乾燥し、複合金属水酸化物を得る乾燥工程、
(6)(5)で得られた複合金属水酸化物を、400~1000℃、1~10時間焼成する焼成工程、
を含む、請求項10記載の複合金属酸化物の製造方法。
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| WO2018047841A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-07 | 2018-03-15 | 協和化学工業株式会社 | 微粒子複合金属水酸化物、その焼成物、その製造方法及びその樹脂組成物 |
| US12455245B2 (en) | 2020-02-26 | 2025-10-28 | Samsung Life Public Welfare Foundation | Cancer diagnosis using raman signal of urine |
| CN119798575A (zh) * | 2025-01-02 | 2025-04-11 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | 一种珠状酚醛树脂及其制备方法和应用 |
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| US5891945A (en) * | 1995-06-02 | 1999-04-06 | Tateho Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd. | Magnesium hydroxide solid solutions, their production method and use |
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| JPH085990B2 (ja) | 1991-02-06 | 1996-01-24 | 株式会社海水化学研究所 | 難燃剤、および難燃性樹脂および/またはゴム組成物 |
| IN189465B (ja) * | 1995-08-03 | 2003-03-01 | Tateho Kagaku Kogyo Kk | |
| MXNL06000070A (es) * | 2006-10-03 | 2008-10-24 | Ind Penoles Sa De Cv | Proceso para fabricacion de hidroxido de magnesio nanometrico, monodisperso y estable y producto obtenido. |
| JP4685974B2 (ja) | 2009-02-24 | 2011-05-18 | 帝人株式会社 | 非水系二次電池用多孔膜、非水系二次電池用セパレータ、非水系二次電池用吸着剤および非水系二次電池 |
| JP5409461B2 (ja) | 2010-03-19 | 2014-02-05 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 金属水酸化物微粒子の製造方法 |
| KR101924408B1 (ko) | 2010-12-17 | 2018-12-03 | 데이진 가부시키가이샤 | 비수 전해질 전지용 세퍼레이터 및 비수 전해질 전지 |
| KR20130090312A (ko) * | 2012-02-03 | 2013-08-13 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지용 리튬 복합 전이금속 산화물의 전구체 입자들 및 이를 포함하는 양극 활물질 |
| KR20140128997A (ko) | 2012-02-13 | 2014-11-06 | 교와 가가꾸고교 가부시키가이샤 | 미세 수산화마그네슘 입자 |
| JP2016094490A (ja) * | 2013-02-19 | 2016-05-26 | 神島化学工業株式会社 | 難燃剤、難燃性組成物及び成形体 |
| JP2016062689A (ja) | 2014-09-16 | 2016-04-25 | 三菱製紙株式会社 | 電池用セパレータ |
| WO2018047841A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-07 | 2018-03-15 | 協和化学工業株式会社 | 微粒子複合金属水酸化物、その焼成物、その製造方法及びその樹脂組成物 |
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- 2017-09-06 JP JP2018538429A patent/JP6593942B2/ja active Active
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- 2017-09-06 KR KR1020207005788A patent/KR102262069B1/ko active Active
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| JPH07144919A (ja) * | 1993-11-18 | 1995-06-06 | Kaisui Kagaku Kenkyusho:Kk | 水酸化マグネシウム系固溶体、その製造法および使用 |
| JPH08259235A (ja) * | 1995-03-17 | 1996-10-08 | Tateho Chem Ind Co Ltd | 高アスペクト比金属水酸化物または金属酸化物固溶体およびそれらの製造方法 |
| US5891945A (en) * | 1995-06-02 | 1999-04-06 | Tateho Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd. | Magnesium hydroxide solid solutions, their production method and use |
| JPH09100121A (ja) * | 1995-08-03 | 1997-04-15 | Tateho Chem Ind Co Ltd | 複合金属水酸化物の製法およびそれにより得られた複合金属水酸化物ならびにそれらを用いた難燃性高分子組成物 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR102262069B1 (ko) | 2021-06-08 |
| JPWO2018047841A1 (ja) | 2019-06-27 |
| JP6593942B2 (ja) | 2019-10-23 |
| CN109906202B (zh) | 2022-01-18 |
| KR20190039835A (ko) | 2019-04-15 |
| KR20200023553A (ko) | 2020-03-04 |
| KR102085040B1 (ko) | 2020-03-05 |
| CN109906202A (zh) | 2019-06-18 |
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