WO2017208616A1 - 着色紫外線防御剤 - Google Patents
着色紫外線防御剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017208616A1 WO2017208616A1 PCT/JP2017/014157 JP2017014157W WO2017208616A1 WO 2017208616 A1 WO2017208616 A1 WO 2017208616A1 JP 2017014157 W JP2017014157 W JP 2017014157W WO 2017208616 A1 WO2017208616 A1 WO 2017208616A1
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- oxide particles
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- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a colored ultraviolet protective agent.
- Oxide particles change the color characteristics such as ultraviolet absorption characteristics and hue by selecting the type of metal element contained in the oxide particles. It is used in a wide range of fields such as paints and films used for glass and glass, or sunscreen agents, lipsticks and foundations in the cosmetics field. In recent years, when used for buildings such as buildings and houses, vehicles used for vehicles, etc., paints such as buildings and vehicles, or paints or clear coatings used for exterior walls, signs, equipment, etc. In addition to the above-mentioned ultraviolet absorbing ability, there is an increasing demand for vividness of color and excellent design, and even when it is intended to be applied to the human body such as cosmetics, In addition, there are increasing demands for aesthetics, texture and safety.
- Patent Document 1 In order to give various properties to oxides such as zinc oxide and iron oxide, a method of forming oxides into fine particles (see Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2), or a plurality of different metal elements were dissolved in the oxide Solid solution oxide particles have been proposed (see Patent Document 3, Patent Document 4, and Patent Document 5).
- the ultraviolet absorptivity is capable of absorbing a larger amount of ultraviolet rays as the absorbency per unit substance amount in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm is higher, that is, as the “molar extinction coefficient” is larger. It can be said. Therefore, if the molar extinction coefficient is large, a UV absorption ability similar to or higher than that of the current state can be exhibited with a small amount. Therefore, the haze value is reduced, the coated material such as a coating film, and a transparent resin, film or glass. The transparency of the transparent material such as the above can be increased, and coloring that enhances the aesthetics and the design can be made possible.
- the oxide particles and silica-coated oxide particles described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 are described in terms of powder characteristics relating to reflectance and color difference, and are described in Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4.
- the solid solution oxide particles describe the color characteristics indicated by the L * , a * , b * color system and the reflectivity for near infrared rays in the wavelength range of 780 nm to 2500 nm by dissolving different metal elements. However, it does not describe any characteristics as a dispersion of oxide particles, and even though the transparency of the fine particle dispersion can be improved by micronization, the ability to absorb ultraviolet rays is low.
- the cobalt solid solution zinc oxide particle described in Patent Document 5 is obtained as a solid solution oxide particle by pulverizing cobalt solid solution zinc oxide obtained by heat treatment at 800 ° C., as described in Examples. However, since particles are produced by pulverizing a solid solution oxide coarsened by a very high temperature heat treatment, different elements are not uniformly distributed in each particle.
- the molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm when the solid solution oxide particles are dispersed in the dispersion medium is improved. It was difficult to make.
- Patent Document 6 and Patent Document 7 that disclose the invention by the applicant of the present application are uniform using a method of depositing various nanoparticles such as oxides between relatively rotating processing surfaces that can approach and separate. A method for producing simple oxide nanoparticles is described. However, Patent Document 6 describes the production of oxides and hydroxides, and Patent Document 7 describes the production of uniform oxides. The method was not described.
- the ultraviolet absorption ability of oxide particles that are actually required for use as a composition for the purpose of shielding ultraviolet rays should be evaluated as an average molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm.
- a composition such as a target UV protection composition in the prior art, it is evaluated by transmittance with respect to light in the ultraviolet region or evaluated by a single light. It was difficult to accurately design the appropriate amount and composition of the required oxide.
- JP 2009-263547 A International Publication No. 1998/26011 JP 2013-249393 A Special table 2013-520532 gazette JP 2001-58821 A Japanese Patent No. 4868558 International Publication No. 2009/008393
- an oxidation containing at least M1 which is a metal element or a metalloid element having an increased average molar extinction coefficient in a wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm and a controlled color characteristic in the visible region It is an object of the present invention to provide a colored ultraviolet protective agent including M2 doped oxide particles doped with M2 which is a metal element or a metalloid element different from M1 in physical particles (M1Ox).
- M2 doped oxide particles were prepared for the purpose of maximizing the characteristics inherent in oxides and supplementing such characteristics, and the average molar extinction coefficient and visible region in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm.
- a colored ultraviolet protective agent comprising M2 doped oxide particles whose average molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm is increased and whose color characteristics in the visible region are strictly controlled is provided.
- M2 doped oxide particles suitable as a colored ultraviolet protective composition.
- the inventor of the present application is an M2 doped oxide obtained by doping oxide particles (M1Ox) containing at least M1 which is a metal element or a metalloid element with at least one kind of M2 selected from a metal element or a metalloid element different from M1.
- M1Ox doping oxide particles
- the average molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm in the dispersion liquid in which the M2 doped oxide particles are dispersed in the dispersion medium can be greatly improved, and the color characteristics in the visible region can be strictly controlled.
- the title and the present invention have been completed.
- the present invention is a colored ultraviolet protective agent used for the purpose of shielding and coloring ultraviolet rays, M2 dope in which the colored ultraviolet protective agent is doped with at least one kind of M2 selected from a metal element or a metalloid element different from M1 in an oxide particle (M1Ox) containing at least M1 which is a metal element or a metalloid element Containing oxide particles, X is an arbitrary positive number,
- M1Ox oxide particle
- X is an arbitrary positive number
- the average molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm of the dispersion liquid in which the M2 doped oxide particles are dispersed in the dispersion medium is improved as compared with the dispersion liquid in which the oxide particles (M1Ox) are dispersed in the dispersion medium.
- the M2 doped oxide particles are colored ultraviolet protective agents in which hue or saturation, which is a color characteristic in the visible region, is controlled.
- the color characteristics of the M2 doped oxide particles are 40 ⁇ L * ⁇ 95, ⁇ 35 ⁇ a * ⁇ 35, or ⁇ 35 ⁇ b * in the L * , a * , b * color system . It is preferably controlled in the range of ⁇ 35.
- the M2 doped oxide particles are oxide particles in which a molar ratio (M2 / M1) between M1 and M2 in the M2 doped oxide particles is controlled,
- the average molar extinction coefficient of the M2 doped oxide particles in the above wavelength range is increased with respect to the average molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm of the dispersion in which the oxide particles (M1Ox) are dispersed in the dispersion medium.
- the rate is preferably controlled.
- the M2 doped oxide particles preferably have a molar ratio (M2 / M1) between M1 and M2 of the M2 doped oxide particles in the range of 0.01 or more and 1.00 or less.
- the M2 doped oxide particles may include the M2 doped oxide particles with respect to an average molar extinction coefficient in a wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm of a dispersion obtained by dispersing the oxide particles (M1Ox) in a dispersion medium. It is preferable that the average molar extinction coefficient increase rate, which is the increase rate of the average molar extinction coefficient in the above wavelength range, is 110% or more.
- the M2 doped oxide particles are preferably solid solution oxide particles in which M1 and M2 are detected over the entire M2 doped oxide particles in STEM mapping.
- the present invention is a colored ultraviolet protective agent comprising M2 doped oxide particles containing at least M1 and M2 which are metal elements or metalloid elements, M1 is zinc (Zn), (M2 / M1) is 0.01 or more and 1.00 or less, In the dispersion liquid in which the M2 doped oxide particles are dispersed in the dispersion medium, the average molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm is 650 (L / (mol ⁇ cm)) or more, The color characteristics of the M2 doped oxide particles are in the range of 40 ⁇ L * ⁇ 95, ⁇ 35 ⁇ a * ⁇ 35, or ⁇ 35 ⁇ b * ⁇ 35 in the L * , a * , b * color system.
- a colored UV protection agent In the present invention, it is preferable that M2 is at least one selected from iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), aluminum (Al), and magnesium (Mg).
- the present invention is a colored ultraviolet protective agent comprising M2 doped oxide particles containing at least M1 and M2 which are metal elements or metalloid elements, M1 is iron (Fe), (M2 / M1) is 0.01 or more and 1.00 or less, In the dispersion liquid in which the M2 doped oxide particles are dispersed in the dispersion medium, the average molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm is 1000 (L / (mol ⁇ cm)) or more, Coloring in which the color characteristics of the M2 doped oxide particles are in the range of 38 ⁇ L * ⁇ 44, 4 ⁇ a * ⁇ 14, or 4 ⁇ b * ⁇ 12 in the L * , a * , b * color system It is a UV protection agent.
- the present invention is a colored ultraviolet protective agent comprising M2 doped oxide particles containing at least M1 and M2 which are metal elements or metalloid elements, M1 is titanium (Ti), (M2 / M1) is 0.01 or more and 1.00 or less, In the dispersion liquid in which the M2 doped oxide particles are dispersed in the dispersion medium, the average molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm is 3500 (L / (mol ⁇ cm)) or more.
- the color characteristics of the M2 doped oxide particles are in the range of 40 ⁇ L * ⁇ 95, ⁇ 35 ⁇ a * ⁇ 35, or ⁇ 35 ⁇ b * ⁇ 35 in the L * , a * , b * color system.
- a colored UV protection agent is included in the range of 40 ⁇ L * ⁇ 95, ⁇ 35 ⁇ a * ⁇ 35, or ⁇ 35 ⁇ b * ⁇ 35 in the L * , a * , b * color system.
- the primary particle diameter of the M2 doped oxide particles is preferably 1 nm or more and 100 nm or less.
- the present invention is a silicon compound-coated M2 doped oxide particle in which at least a part of the surface of the M2 doped oxide particle is coated with a silicon compound
- the average molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm is improved as compared with the M2 doped oxide particles not coated with the silicon compound.
- it is preferably a colored ultraviolet protective agent having an average molar extinction coefficient increase rate of 120% or more.
- the present invention can be carried out as a colored ultraviolet protective composition containing the colored ultraviolet protective agent.
- an oxide particle (M1Ox) containing at least M1 which is a metal element or a metalloid element is doped with at least one kind of M2 selected from a metal element or a metalloid element different from M1.
- M2 doped oxide particles having an increased average molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm as compared with oxide particles (M1Ox) can be provided.
- the composition of the M2 doped oxide particles can be diversified and the composition more accurate as compared with the conventional properties. The design can be facilitated.
- the M2 doped oxide particles of the present invention to a composition for coating or transparent material for the purpose of UV protection, the transparency is high, and the texture and appearance of the material and the design of the product are not impaired. It is possible to provide a composition for coating or a transparent material that can be effectively used for a coated material or a transparent material and can also realize effective coloring. If the color characteristics are strictly controlled with the molar extinction coefficient increased to this level, the design of the composition for coating or transparent material becomes easy. That is, ultraviolet rays can be protected and accurate coloring can be achieved only by adding a very small amount of M2 doped oxide particles.
- FIG. 3 shows XRD measurement results of cobalt aluminum-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 1-11 of the present invention and zinc oxide particles obtained in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is a graph of molar extinction coefficient of a dispersion obtained by dispersing the cobalt-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 1-1 to Example 1-5 of the present invention and the zinc oxide particles obtained in Comparative Example 1 in propylene glycol. is there.
- the L * value, a * value, and b * value of the M2 doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 1-1 to Example 1-19 of the present invention and the zinc oxide particles obtained in Comparative Example 1 are expressed as L * It is the figure plotted on the a * b * color system chromaticity diagram.
- the L * value, a * value, and b * value of the M2 doped iron oxide particles obtained in Example 2-1 to Example 2-11 of the present invention and the iron oxide particles obtained in Comparative Example 2 are expressed as L * It is the figure plotted on the figure plotted on the a * b * color system chromaticity diagram.
- the L * value, a * value, and b * value of the M2 doped titanium oxide particles obtained in Examples 3-1 to 3-17 of the present invention and the titanium oxide particles obtained in Comparative Example 3 were set to L * a * B * Plotted in a color system chromaticity diagram.
- M2 doped oxide particles are doped with at least one kind of M2 selected from a metal element or a metalloid element different from M1 in an oxide particle (M1Ox) containing at least M1 which is a metal element or a metalloid element.
- M2 doped oxide particles having an average molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm and color characteristics in the visible region controlled by controlling the molar ratio (M2 / M1) between M1 and M2 Oxide particles.
- a coating composition intended to be applied to a coating film, a coated body or a human skin, or a transparent material such as a transparent resin, glass or a clear coating film When used in the composition, it can be a composition having a high shielding ability against light in the ultraviolet region with a wavelength of 200 nm to 380 nm, and it can be effectively colored as well as not impairing the design, aesthetics or texture. Therefore, the composition for application
- the molar ratio (M2 / M1) between M1 and M2 is preferably in the range of 0.01 or more and 1.00 or less.
- M1 and M2 examples of the metal element or metalloid elements (M1) and (M2) include one or more elements selected from metal elements or metalloid elements on the chemical periodic table.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described oxide composed only of M1 and M2, and can be implemented as an oxide containing other elements M3, M4,.
- the numbers attached to M are merely identification numbers.
- the metalloid element in this invention is not specifically limited, Preferably, metalloid elements, such as Ge, As, Sb, Te, Se, Si, can be mentioned.
- M1, M2 or Mn may be contained in a coating layer covering at least a part of the surface of the M2 doped oxide particles described later.
- the M2 doped oxide particles according to the present invention may be constituted only by an oxide, but are not limited to those constituted only by an oxide.
- the M2-doped oxide particles of the present invention can also be implemented as containing compounds other than oxides to the extent that they do not affect the present invention.
- it can also be implemented as M2 doped oxide particles in which a metal element or a metalloid element is doped into oxide particles (M1Ox) containing a compound other than an oxide.
- examples of compounds other than the oxides include hydroxides, nitrides, carbides, various salts such as nitrates and sulfates, and hydrates and organic solvates.
- the M2-doped oxide particles of the present invention are oxide particles in which M2 is doped into M1Ox, but it is the present invention that M1 and M2 form a solid solution that exists uniformly in one oxide particle.
- the average molar extinction coefficient is improved in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm, and color characteristics in the visible region can be strictly controlled.
- the M1 or M2 may be solid solution oxide particles present inside the particle, in the vicinity of the surface layer, or locally.
- a plurality of particles are observed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) or a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), and an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDS) is used.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- STEM scanning transmission electron microscope
- EDS energy dispersive X-ray analyzer
- a method of confirming the abundance ratio and location of M1 and M2 in each particle is preferred.
- the abundance ratio (molar ratio) of M1 and M2 contained in one oxide particle is specified, and the average value and variation coefficient of the molar ratio of M1 and M2 in a plurality of oxide particles are calculated.
- the molar extinction coefficient can be calculated by the following (formula 1) from the absorbance in the UV-visible absorption spectrum measurement and the molar concentration of the substance to be measured in the measurement sample.
- ⁇ A / (c ⁇ l) (Formula 1)
- ⁇ is a constant specific to the substance, which is called a molar extinction coefficient, and is the absorbance of a 1 mol / L dispersion having a thickness of 1 cm. Therefore, the unit is L / (mol ⁇ cm).
- A is the absorbance in the UV-visible absorption spectrum measurement
- c is the molar concentration (mol / L) of the sample.
- l is a length (optical path length) (cm) through which light is transmitted, and is usually a thickness of a cell when an ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum is measured.
- cm optical path length
- a simple average of molar extinction coefficients for a plurality of wavelengths in the measurement wavelength region of wavelength 200 nm to 380 nm is calculated. Evaluated as “Coefficient”.
- the M2 doped oxide particles of the present invention have an increase rate of the average molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm of the M2 doped oxide particles with respect to the average molar extinction coefficient in the same wavelength region of the oxide particles (M1Ox). It is preferable that the “average molar extinction coefficient increase rate” is a controlled M2 doped oxide particle, and the average of the dispersion in which the oxide particle (M1Ox) is dispersed in a dispersion medium in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm.
- the average molar extinction coefficient increase rate which is the increase rate of the average molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of the M2 doped oxide particles, relative to the molar extinction coefficient is 110% or more, or 120% or more.
- the molar ratio (M2 / M1) is controlled in the same way as the molar extinction coefficient and the average molar extinction coefficient in the ultraviolet wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm, thereby allowing the visible wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm.
- the average molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm is controlled, and these color characteristics are Are controlled M2 doped oxide particles, and are suitable for use in coating compositions or transparent compositions that do not impair the aesthetics, texture, or design by virtue of the ability to efficiently shield light in the ultraviolet region.
- it can be positively colored, so it is also suitable when used as a coloring composition.
- the L * a * b * color system is one of uniform color spaces
- L * is a value representing brightness. The larger the value, the brighter the color.
- a * and b * represent chromaticity.
- the color system is not limited to the L * a * b * color system.
- the color characteristics may be evaluated using another color system such as an XYZ system.
- the oxide particles (M1Ox) are doped with M2, thereby generating distortion of the crystal lattice, and ⁇ M1 ⁇ Oxygen-M2- random combinations generate new bonds, or oxygen deficiency sites, M1 or M2 or other metal element or metalloid element deficiency sites, etc., and the oxide particles inherently have Increased light absorption (increased energy rank) due to the occurrence of an energy rank that is similar to the energy rank, and is absorbed only near the surface of the particle M2 doped oxide particles by increasing the light absorption ability (increasing the light absorption efficiency of the material) by allowing light to penetrate into the particles by doping M2 into the oxide particles (M1Ox)
- the applicant of the present application considers that the molar extinction coefficient of the light is increased, that is, the light absorption efficiency is increased with respect to the same light dose.
- the functional group changing treatment is performed by performing a substitution reaction, an addition reaction, an elimination reaction, a dehydration reaction, a reaction using a condensation reaction, or the like on the functional group contained in the M2 doped oxide particles.
- the ratio of functional groups such as hydroxyl groups contained in the product particles It is possible to control the ratio of functional groups such as hydroxyl groups contained in the product particles.
- the ratio of the functional groups may be increased, decreased, or new functional groups may be added.
- Examples of functional group change treatment include, for example, an oxidation-reduction reaction, esterification achieved by dehydration / condensation reaction in which OH is removed from a carboxyl group (—COOH) and H is removed from a hydroxyl group (—OH).
- the oxidation number change process can also be performed with respect to the metal element or metalloid element (M1, M2, Mn) contained in the M2-doped oxide particles by the same method.
- M1, M2, Mn metal element or metalloid element contained in the M2-doped oxide particles
- the oxidation number can be changed from Co (+ II) to Co (+ III) or vice versa.
- the prescription for precipitating the M2 doped oxide particles, the hydroxyl group contained in the M2 doped oxide particles by a method such as controlling the pH, etc. It is also possible to control the ratio of functional groups and the oxidation number for metal elements or metalloid elements (M1, M2, Mn).
- the ratio of functional groups such as hydroxyl groups contained in the M2 doped oxide particles is controlled by a method of heat-treating the M2 doped oxide particles. It is also possible to control the oxidation number for (M1, M2, Mn).
- the primary particle diameter of the M2 doped oxide particles is preferably 1 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and more preferably 1 nm or more and 50 nm or less.
- M1 and M2 contained in the M2 doped oxide particles constitute an oxide in a complex manner, so that the molar extinction coefficient and color characteristics of the M2 doped oxide particles can be controlled, and the surface of the particles. Therefore, M2 doped oxide particles having a primary particle diameter of 100 nm or less have an increased surface area compared to M2 doped oxide particles having a primary particle diameter exceeding 100 nm.
- controlling the molar ratio of M2 to M1 (M2 / M1) in the M2 doped oxide particles has a large influence on the average molar extinction coefficient and color characteristics of the M2 doped oxide particles. Therefore, in the case of M2 doped oxide particles having a primary particle size of 100 nm or less, by controlling the molar ratio (M2 / M1) of the M2 doped oxide particles, predetermined characteristics (especially for coating for the purpose of colored ultraviolet ray protection) Or, there is an advantage that the properties suitable for the composition for transparent material) can be suitably exhibited.
- M2 doped oxide particles In the present invention, at least a part of the surface of the M2 doped oxide particles may be coated with various compounds. Examples include aluminum compounds such as aluminum oxide, phosphorus or calcium compounds such as calcium phosphate and apatite, titanium compounds such as titanium oxide, and silicon compounds such as silicon oxide. With these coatings, in addition to controlling the average molar extinction coefficient of the present invention, it is also possible to control color characteristics such as reflection characteristics, transmission characteristics, and hues, which is impossible only with the control method of the present invention. It is also possible to control the average molar extinction coefficient to a range.
- the photocatalytic activity increased by increasing the molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm is suppressed, and the resin contained in the coated body and the skin of the human body It is also possible to reduce deterioration due to the photocatalytic ability.
- the surface of the M2 doped oxide particles with a compound, there is an advantage that chemical stability such as water resistance, acid resistance and alkali resistance can be imparted to the M2 doped oxide particles.
- the primary particle diameter of the M2 doped oxide particles themselves is preferably 100 nm or less, and more preferably 50 nm or less.
- the size of the aggregates is preferably 100 nm or less, 50 nm The following is more preferable.
- the M2 doped oxide particles coated on at least a part of the surface of the particles the M2 doped oxidation after coating with the compound with respect to the average primary particle diameter of the M2 doped oxide particles before the coating.
- the average primary particle size ratio of the product particles is preferably 100.5% or more and 190% or less.
- the M2 doped oxide particles coated with the compound may not be able to exhibit the effects relating to the characteristics of the M2 doped oxide particles.
- the average primary particle diameter of the particles is preferably 100.5% or more of the average primary particle diameter of the M2 doped oxide particles.
- the average primary particle size of the M2 doped oxide particles after coating with the compound is M2 doped oxidation before coating. It is preferably 190% or less of the product particles.
- the M2 doped oxide particles coated with the compound according to the present invention may be core-shell type M2 doped oxide particles in which the entire surface of the core M2 doped oxide particles is uniformly coated with the compound.
- the M2 doped oxide particles are compound-coated M2 doped oxide particles in which at least a part of the surface of a single M2 doped oxide particle is coated with a compound in which a plurality of M2 doped oxide particles are not aggregated.
- it may be M2 doped oxide particles in which at least a part of the surface of the aggregate in which a plurality of M2 doped oxide particles are aggregated is coated with a compound.
- the M2 doped oxide particles are M2 doped oxide particles in which at least a part of the surface of the particles is coated with a silicon compound, the average molar extinction coefficient, which is an increase rate of the average molar extinction coefficient.
- the rate of increase can be 120% or more.
- the compound that covers at least a part of the surface of the M2 doped oxide particles in the present invention preferably contains a silicon compound, and more preferably contains an amorphous silicon oxide.
- the silicon compound contains an amorphous silicon oxide, the molar absorption coefficient of the M2 doped oxide particles is further improved, and color characteristics such as reflectance, transmittance, hue, and saturation are controlled more strictly. Is possible.
- an oxide raw material liquid containing at least a raw material of M2 doped oxide particles and an oxide containing at least an oxide depositing substance for precipitating M2 doped oxide particles Prepared by depositing M2 doped oxide particles by a method such as reaction, crystallization, precipitation, coprecipitation, etc. in a mixed fluid in which an oxide raw material liquid and an oxide precipitation solvent are mixed. It is preferable to use the method to do.
- the mixed fluid containing the deposited M2 doped oxide particles, and at least a raw material of a silicon compound as an example of the compound to be coated are included. It is preferable to use a method of producing M2 doped oxide particles by mixing a silicon compound raw material liquid and coating at least part of the surface of the M2 doped oxide particles with a silicon compound. Further, M1 and M2 contained in the M2 doped oxide particles may be contained together in the oxide raw material liquid, may be contained in the oxide raw material liquid and the oxide precipitation solvent, respectively, and oxidized. It may be contained in both the raw material liquid and the oxide precipitation solvent or the silicon compound raw material liquid.
- the raw material for the M2 doped oxide particles in the present invention is not particularly limited. Any method can be used as long as it becomes M2 doped oxide particles by a method such as reaction, crystallization, precipitation, and coprecipitation.
- the compound of M1 or M2 is collectively referred to as a compound. Although it does not specifically limit as a compound, If an example is given, the metal or metalloid salt and oxide, hydroxide, hydroxide, nitride, carbide, complex, organic salt, organic complex containing M1 or M2, Organic compounds or their hydrates, organic solvates and the like can be mentioned. It is also possible to use M1 or M2 alone.
- Metal or metalloid salts are not particularly limited, but metal or metalloid nitrates or nitrites, sulfates or sulfites, formates or acetates, phosphates or phosphites, hypophosphites And chlorides, oxy salts, acetylacetonate salts or hydrates thereof, organic solvates, and the like, and examples of the organic compound include metal or semimetal alkoxides. As described above, these metal or metalloid compounds may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more. In the present invention, the molar ratio (M2 / M1) of M2 to M1 constituting the M2 doped oxide particles is preferably 0.01 or more and 1.00 or less.
- silicon oxide or hydroxide other compounds such as silicon salt or alkoxide, and hydrates thereof Is mentioned.
- silicates such as sodium silicate, phenyltrimethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-trifluoropropyl-trimethoxysilane, Methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane (TMOS), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), and oligomeric condensates of TEOS, such as ethyl silicate 40, tetraisopropylsilane, tetrapropoxysilane, tetraisobutoxysilane, tetrabutoxysilane , And
- siloxane compounds bis (triethoxysilyl) methane, 1,9-bis (triethoxysilyl) nonane, diethoxydichlorosilane, triethoxychlorosilane, and the like may be used as a raw material for the silicon compound. These are not used only for coating the surface of the particles, but can also be used as a compound containing M1 or M2.
- each raw material of the M2 doped oxide particles or the compound for coating is solid, each raw material is melted or mixed or dissolved in a solvent described later (including molecularly dispersed state). It is preferable to use in. Even if each raw material is a liquid or a gas, it is preferably used in a state of being mixed or dissolved in a solvent described later (including a state of molecular dispersion).
- the oxide depositing substance is not particularly limited as long as it is a substance capable of depositing the raw material of M2 doped oxide particles contained in the oxide raw material liquid as M2 doped oxide particles, and for example, an acidic substance or a basic substance Substances can be used. It is preferable to use at least the oxide depositing substance in a state of being mixed, dissolved, and molecularly dispersed in a solvent described later.
- Examples of basic substances include metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide and sodium isopropoxide, amine compounds such as triethylamine, diethylaminoethanol and diethylamine, and ammonia. It is done.
- metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide
- metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide and sodium isopropoxide
- amine compounds such as triethylamine, diethylaminoethanol and diethylamine, and ammonia. It is done.
- Acidic substances include inorganic acids such as aqua regia, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, fuming nitric acid, sulfuric acid and fuming sulfuric acid, and organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, chloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, oxalic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid and citric acid. Examples include acids.
- the said basic substance and acidic substance can also be used in order to precipitate the compound for coat
- solvent examples of the solvent used for the oxide raw material liquid and the oxide precipitation solvent include water, an organic solvent, and a mixed solvent composed of a plurality of them.
- examples of the water include tap water, ion-exchanged water, pure water, ultrapure water, RO water (reverse osmosis water), and the organic solvents include alcohol compound solvents, amide compound solvents, ketone compound solvents, ether compounds.
- examples include solvents, aromatic compound solvents, carbon disulfide, aliphatic compound solvents, nitrile compound solvents, sulfoxide compound solvents, halogen compound solvents, ester compound solvents, ionic liquids, carboxylic acid compounds, and sulfonic acid compounds.
- Each of the above solvents may be used alone or in combination.
- examples of the alcohol compound solvent include monohydric alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, polyols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, and the like.
- dispersants and surfactants may be used according to the purpose and necessity as long as they do not adversely affect the production of M2 doped oxide particles.
- a dispersing agent and surfactant the various commercially available products generally used, a product, or what was newly synthesize
- examples include anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, dispersants such as various polymers, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Said surfactant and dispersing agent may be contained in at least any one fluid of an oxide raw material liquid and an oxide precipitation solvent. Moreover, said surfactant and dispersing agent may be contained in another fluid different from the oxide raw material liquid and the oxide precipitation solvent.
- Method for producing M2-doped oxide particles method outline-1
- at least M1 and M2 contained in the M2 doped oxide particles are preferably present at least in the interior of the particle.
- M2 doped oxide particles by precipitation or the like, It is preferable to prepare M2 doped oxide particles by substantially simultaneously depositing oxides composed of a plurality of different elements (M1 and M2).
- M2 doped oxide particles are precipitated by mixing the liquid and an oxide precipitation solvent that is an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide (oxide precipitation substance) such as sodium hydroxide
- the pH is 1 to 2. It is necessary to precipitate the M2 doped oxide particles by mixing an oxide precipitation solvent having a pH of 14 or more with the oxide raw material liquid in the vicinity or less than 1.
- the basic oxide precipitation solvent is gradually added to the acidic oxide raw material liquid, for example.
- the pH of the mixed solution of the oxide raw material liquid and the oxide precipitation solvent gradually changes from acidic to basic.
- the oxide of M1 or M2 is deposited (begins to deposit), and then the oxide deposited earlier at the stage when the pH of the mixed solution has changed to the basic side by adding an oxide precipitation solvent.
- the oxide particles composed of M1 and the oxide particles composed of M2 are deposited stepwise, such that the other oxide different from the above precipitates. In that case, it becomes difficult to produce M2 doped oxide particles containing both M1 and M2 inside the particles.
- the apparent precipitation can be performed at the same time. It is possible to prepare the preconditions for producing M2 doped oxide particles containing both of the above.
- Method outline-2 Method outline-2
- the silicon compound raw material liquid when mixing the silicon compound raw material liquid, the silicon is more rapidly formed than the M2 doped oxide particles are precipitated and then aggregated. It is important to add the compound raw material liquid to precipitate the silicon compound on the surface of the M2 doped oxide particles.
- the pH of the fluid containing the M2 doped oxide particles and the concentration of the silicon compound raw material are gradually changed. If the silicon compound for coating the surface of the particles is deposited after the state of being easily dispersed to the state of being easily aggregated, it may be difficult to coat before aggregation to such an extent that the characteristics of the present invention cannot be exhibited. There is. It is preferable that the silicon compound raw material contained in the silicon compound raw material liquid is allowed to act immediately after the M2 doped oxide particles are deposited.
- Method for producing M2 doped oxide particles examples include, for example, a method of producing M2 doped oxide particles by using a microreactor or performing a reaction in a dilute system in a batch container. Can be mentioned.
- an apparatus and method as described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-112892 proposed by the applicant of the present application may be used.
- An apparatus described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-112892 includes a stirring tank having an inner peripheral surface having a circular cross-sectional shape, and a stirring tool attached with a slight gap from the inner peripheral surface of the stirring tank.
- the stirring tank includes at least two fluid inlets and at least one fluid outlet, and one of the fluid inlets includes a first of the reactants among the fluids to be processed.
- the fluid to be treated is introduced into the agitation tank, and the second fluid to be treated containing one of the reactants different from the reactant is added to the first fluid from one place other than the above among the fluid inlets.
- the fluid to be treated is introduced into the stirring tank from a different flow path, and at least one of the stirring tank and the stirring tool is rotated at a high speed with respect to the other so that the fluid to be treated is in a thin film state. Reactant contained in first treated fluid and second treated fluid It is described that three or more introduction pipes may be provided as shown in FIGS.
- the M2 doped oxide particles may be produced by using a pulverization method such as a bead mill and the like, and after the production, a treatment of coating the M2 doped oxide particles in the reaction vessel or the microreactor may be performed.
- composition for coating or composition for transparent material-1 The colored ultraviolet protective agent of the present invention is intended to protect and color ultraviolet rays, and as an example, it can be used in a coating composition or a transparent material composition.
- the composition for coating is not particularly limited, for example, a coating composition for use in various coatings such as solvent-based paints and water-based paints, cosmetics such as lipsticks, foundations, sunscreen agents, and skin. It can be applied to a coating composition intended to be applied.
- the composition for transparent material it is a composition for use in a coated body, a building, a vehicle or glasses used for transparency, a transparent resin or a film-like composition, for example, glass, transparent resin or clear.
- compositions contained in the coating film itself compositions contained in the interlayer film of laminated glass, film-like compositions used for films combined with glass, such as affixing to glass or transparent resin, paints for application to glass Etc.
- transparent resin examples include PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), PC (polycarbonate), and PET (polyethylene terephthalate).
- composition for coating or composition for transparent material-2 When used as a material for paints, coating films, cosmetics, or glass or transparent resin, which is a composition for coating or a transparent material, M2 doped oxide particles that are colored ultraviolet protective agents according to the present invention are used.
- a method such as mixing with a composition such as a coating film or a cosmetic to form a paint or a coated body, kneading directly into glass or uncured glass, or a transparent resin, and various glass films and films, Or, a composition for applying a UV light protective coating suitable for effectively shielding and coloring ultraviolet light according to the purpose by using it in a method such as mixing with a composition for forming a clear coating film or It can be set as the composition for coloring ultraviolet protective purpose transparent material.
- the colored UV protective purpose coating composition or the colored UV protective purpose transparent material composition may contain, as necessary, a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, a color separation preventing agent, a leveling agent, and a viscosity modifier, in addition to pigments and dyes.
- a wetting agent e.g., a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, a color separation preventing agent, a leveling agent, and a viscosity modifier, in addition to pigments and dyes.
- Agents can be further included depending on the purpose as appropriate.
- the resin component for the purpose of coating or glass-to-glass bonding film is a polyester resin, melamine resin, phenolic resin, epoxy resin, vinyl chloride resin, acrylic resin Resins, urethane resins, silicon resins, fluorine resins and the like can be exemplified.
- the applied product to which the paint containing the colored ultraviolet protective agent of the present invention is applied may be a single-layer applied product composed of a single paint composition. It may be a multi-layered coating composition composed of a plurality of coating compositions, as in the case of laminated coatings as described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. 2014-042992. It can also be carried out by being included in a paint such as a clear paint.
- a binder resin When the film-like composition is intended, a binder resin, a curing agent, a curing catalyst, a leveling agent, a surfactant, a silane coupling agent, an antifoaming agent, a colorant such as a pigment or a dye, if necessary. Further, an antioxidant and the like can be contained.
- the composition for colored ultraviolet light protective purpose coating or the composition for colored ultraviolet light protective purpose transparent material according to the present invention comprises a powder of M2 doped oxide particles, a dispersion in which M2 doped oxide particles are dispersed in a liquid dispersion medium, and It includes a dispersion in which M2 doped oxide particles are dispersed in a solid such as glass or resin (or a liquid before solidification).
- the M2 doped oxide particles contained in the composition for transparent material may be composed of one M2 doped oxide particle, and are composed of an aggregate in which a plurality of M2 doped oxide particles are aggregated. Or a mixture of both.
- the size of the aggregates is preferably 100 nm or less.
- the colored UV protective purpose coating composition or the colored UV protective purpose transparent material composition may be used together with various color materials, and is a composition for overcoating glass as a coating film. Also good. Further, in the case where the colored UV protective purpose coating composition or the colored UV protective purpose transparent material composition is a dispersion, tap water, distilled water, RO water (reverse osmosis water), pure water, ultrapure may be used as a dispersion medium.
- Water such as water, alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol; polyhydric alcohol solvents such as propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and glycerin; ester solvents such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate; benzene, toluene and xylene Aromatic solvents such as acetone; ketone solvents such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile; silicone oils, vegetable oils, waxes and the like. These may be used alone or in combination.
- composition for coating or composition for transparent material As the color of a transparent material such as a film or glass used for a colored UV protective purpose coating composition or a colored UV protective purpose transparent material composition according to the present invention, or a UV protective purpose transparent material composition
- a transparent material such as a film or glass used for a colored UV protective purpose coating composition or a colored UV protective purpose transparent material composition according to the present invention, or a UV protective purpose transparent material composition
- the composition for colored ultraviolet light protection purpose application or the composition for colored ultraviolet light protection purpose transparent material of the present invention can be used for the desired hue.
- the M2 doped oxide particles of the present invention can control strict and accurate color characteristics by controlling the molar ratio (M2 / M1), even when used as a coloring composition for coloring UV protection purposes. Is preferred.
- the composition for coating, transparent material or coloring according to the present invention contains the above-mentioned M2 doped oxide particles, so that it can be used for coatings such as paints and paints used in buildings and vehicles, or a clear coating.
- the color of the coated material or the transparent material is white, gray, or black, for example, a color having a whiteness of 10 to a lightness of 0 in the Munsell color system, or a red color, for example, RP in the Munsell hue ring. Colors from yellow to green, for example colors from Y to BG in the Munsell hue ring, colors from blue to purple, for example colors from B to P in the Munsell hue ring It can mix
- the use of the coating composition or the transparent material composition containing the M2 doped oxide particles of the present invention in the top coat of the paint film or the coated body exhibiting those colors may impair the color development of each color. Since it can be effectively colored as well as significantly reduced, it is also suitable as a coloring composition for enhancing the design of the coated body.
- Various pigments and dyes can be used as the pigments and dyes included in the coating, transparent material, or coloring composition as necessary. For example, all pigments and dyes registered in the color index can be used. it can. Among them, for example, C.I. I. Pigments and dyes classified as Pigment Green, and pigments constituting a blue color include C.I. I. Pigments and dyes classified as Pigment Blue, and C.I.
- I. Pigments and dyes classified as Pigment White, and C.I. I. Pigments and dyes classified as Pigment Yellow, and pigments and dyes constituting red are represented by C.I. I. Pigments and dyes classified as Pigment Red, C.I. I. Pigment Violet and C.I. I. Examples thereof include pigments and dyes classified as Pigment Orange. More specifically, C.I. I. Pigment Red 122 and C.I. I. Quinalidon pigments such as CI Pigment Violet 19 and C.I. I. Pigment Red 254 and C.I. I. Diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments such as C.I. Pigment Orange 73; I. Pigment Red 150 and C.I. I. Naphthol pigments such as C.I.
- grains of this invention can also be mix
- the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
- the pure water in the following examples used pure water having a conductivity of 0.80 ⁇ S / cm (measurement temperature: 20 ° C.) unless otherwise specified.
- sample preparation for TEM observation and sample preparation for STEM observation A part of the wet cake sample of M2 doped oxide particles obtained in the examples was dispersed in propylene glycol, and further diluted 100 times with isopropyl alcohol (IPA). The obtained diluted solution was dropped onto a collodion film or a microgrid and dried to obtain a sample for TEM observation or a sample for STEM observation.
- IPA isopropyl alcohol
- TEM-EDS analysis Transmission electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray analyzer: TEM-EDS analysis
- TEM-EDS analysis For observation and quantitative analysis of M2 doped oxide particles by TEM-EDS analysis, an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer, a transmission electron microscope equipped with JED-2300 (manufactured by JEOL Ltd.), JEM2100 (JEOL Ltd.) Made).
- the acceleration voltage was set to 80 kV and the observation magnification was set to 25,000 times or more.
- the particle diameter was calculated from the distance between the maximum circumferences of the M2 doped oxide particles observed by TEM, and the average value (average primary particle diameter) of the results of measuring the particle diameter for 100 particles was calculated.
- TEM-EDS the molar ratio of the elemental components constituting the silicon compound-coated metal element-doped metal oxide was calculated, and the average value of the results of calculating the molar ratio for 10 or more particles was calculated.
- STEM-EDS analysis For the mapping and quantification of elements contained in M2-doped oxide particles by STEM-EDS analysis, an atomic resolution analytical electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer, Centurio (manufactured by JEOL Ltd.), JEM -ARM200F (manufactured by JEOL Ltd.) was used. The observation conditions were an acceleration voltage of 80 kV, an observation magnification of 50,000 times or more, and analysis using a beam diameter of 0.2 nm in diameter.
- X-ray diffraction measurement For X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement, a powder X-ray diffraction measurement device EMPYREAN (Spectris Co., Ltd. PANalytical Division) was used. The measurement conditions were a measurement range: 10 to 100 [° 2 Theta] Cu counter cathode, tube voltage 45 kV, tube current 40 mA, and scanning speed 0.3 ° / min. XRD measurement was performed using the dry powder of M2 doped oxide particles obtained in each Example.
- EMPYREAN Spectris Co., Ltd. PANalytical Division
- the reflection spectrum is measured from 200 nm to 2500 nm, the sampling rate is 2.0 nm, the measurement speed is medium speed, the measurement method is a double beam photometry method, and total reflection measurement is performed to measure regular reflection and diffuse reflection. It was.
- a standard white plate product name: Spectralon (trademark), manufactured by Labsphere) was used for background measurement (baseline setting) when measuring powder.
- the reflection spectrum was measured using the dry powder of M2 doped oxide particles obtained in each example. Hue and saturation are based on the results of reflection spectrum measurement.
- Example 1 As M2 doped oxide particles of Example 1, M2 doped zinc oxide particles in which M1 is zinc doped with cobalt, manganese, iron, magnesium or cobalt and aluminum as M2 in zinc oxide are described (Co—ZnO, Mn— ZnO, Fe—ZnO, Mg—ZnO, (Co + Al) —ZnO).
- Claremix product name: CLM2.2S, manufactured by M Technique Co., Ltd.
- an oxide raw material liquid liquid A
- an oxide precipitation solvent liquid B
- particles In the case where at least a part of the surface was coated with a silicon compound, a silicon compound raw material liquid (C liquid) was prepared.
- each component of the oxide raw material liquid was prepared using Claremix at a preparation temperature of 40 ° C. and a rotor rotation speed of 20000 rpm.
- the mixture was homogeneously mixed by stirring for a minute to prepare an oxide raw material liquid.
- each component of an oxide precipitation solvent is stirred for 30 minutes at the preparation temperature of 45 degreeC and the rotation speed of a rotor of 15000 rpm using CLEARMIX.
- the mixture was homogeneously mixed to prepare an oxide precipitation solvent.
- each component of the silicon compound raw material liquid is stirred for 10 minutes at a preparation temperature of 20 ° C. and a rotor rotation speed of 6000 rpm using CLEARMIX. To prepare a silicon compound raw material liquid.
- Zn (NO 3) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O is zinc nitrate hexahydrate (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.)
- Co (NO 3) 2 6H 2 O is cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.)
- Mn (NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O is manganese nitrate hexahydrate (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- Al (NO 3 ) 3 9H 2 O is aluminum nitrate nonahydrate (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- Fe (NO 3 ) 3 ⁇ 9H 2 O is iron nitrate nonahydrate (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- magnesium nitrate hexahydrate manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.
- Table 2 shows the operating conditions of the fluid treatment apparatus, the average primary particle diameter calculated from the TEM observation result of the obtained M2 doped zinc oxide particles, and the molar ratio (M2 / M1) calculated from the TEM-EDS analysis. It shows with the calculated value calculated from the prescription and introduction flow rate of B liquid and C liquid.
- the M2 doped oxide particles [calculated values] are the results calculated from the molar concentration of M1 and M2 contained in the liquid A.
- [EDS] is the average value of the results of calculating the molar ratio (M2 / M1) of the elemental components constituting the particles by TEM-EDS as described above.
- the introduction temperature (liquid supply temperature) and the introduction pressure (liquid supply pressure) of the liquid A, liquid B and liquid C shown in Table 2 are sealed introduction paths (first introduction part) leading to the processing surfaces 1 and 2.
- d1, the second introduction part d2, and the third introduction part d3) which are measured using a thermometer and a pressure gauge, and the introduction temperature of the liquid A shown in Table 2 is the first introduction part.
- the actual temperature of liquid A under the introduction pressure in d1, and the introduction temperature of liquid B is the actual temperature of liquid B under the introduction pressure in the second introduction part d2, and the introduction temperature of liquid C is The temperature of the actual liquid C under the introduction pressure in the third introduction part d3.
- a model D-51 pH meter manufactured by HORIBA, Ltd. was used for pH measurement. Before introducing the liquid A and the liquid B into the fluid treatment apparatus, the pH was measured at room temperature. The pH of the mixed fluid immediately after mixing the oxide raw material liquid and the oxide precipitation solvent, and the liquid immediately after mixing the liquid after mixing the oxide raw material liquid and the oxide precipitation solvent and the silicon compound raw material liquid Since it was difficult to measure the pH of the M2 doped oxide particle dispersion discharged from the apparatus and collected in the beaker b, the pH of the M2 doped oxide particle dispersion was measured at room temperature.
- a dry powder and a wet cake sample were prepared from the M2 doped oxide particle dispersion liquid discharged from the fluid treatment apparatus and collected in the beaker b.
- the production method was performed according to a conventional method of this type of treatment.
- the discharged M2 doped oxide particle dispersion was recovered, the M2 doped oxide particles were allowed to settle, and the supernatant was removed. Washing with 100 parts by weight and sedimentation are repeated 3 times, then washing with pure water and sedimentation are repeated 3 times to wash the M2 doped oxide particles, and finally obtained M2 doped oxidation
- Part of the wet cake of product particles was dried at ⁇ 0.10 MPaG at 25 ° C. for 20 hours to obtain a dry powder. The rest was used as a wet cake sample.
- Example 1-1 the color characteristics were changed by heat-treating the M2-doped zinc oxide particle powders obtained in Example 1-1, Example 1-9, and Example 1-10 using an electric furnace.
- the powder of Example 1-1 was 200 ° C. (Example 1-18), 300 ° C. (Example 1-19), and the powder of Example 1-9 was 300 ° C. (Example 1-16).
- Ten powders were heat-treated at 300 ° C. (Example 1-17). The heat treatment time is all 30 minutes.
- FIG. 1 shows a STEM mapping result of the cobalt aluminum-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 1-11.
- A is a dark field image (HAADF)
- HAADF dark field image
- O oxygen
- c zinc
- Zn zinc
- d aluminum
- e cobalt
- FIG. 2 is a result of line analysis at a position where a broken line is given in the HAADF image of FIG.
- Example 1-15 since the surface of the particle is coated with the silicon compound, silicon and oxygen are detected on the outer side of the solid solution oxide of zinc and cobalt, and the surface of the cobalt-doped zinc oxide particle is detected.
- the particles were found to be coated with a silicon compound. Since the zinc oxide particles of Comparative Example 1 are not doped with M2, particles similar to those in Examples 1-1 to 1-15 except that M2 is not detected in STEM mapping and line analysis. Was observed.
- FIG. 3 shows the XRD measurement results of the cobalt aluminum-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 1-11 and the XRD measurement results of the zinc oxide particles obtained in Comparative Example 1.
- the XRD measurement results of the cobalt aluminum-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 1-11 and the zinc oxide particles obtained in Comparative Example 1 can both be identified as zinc oxide (ZnO). Although a peak was detected, it was detected as a broader peak in Example 1-11 than in Comparative Example 1, and since cobalt and aluminum were incorporated into the particles, the crystals of zinc oxide were distorted. It may have occurred. Further, the same XRD measurement results as in Example 1-11 were obtained for the particles obtained in Example 1-1 to Example 1-15.
- FIG. 4 shows absorption spectra and measurements of the dispersions in which the cobalt-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Examples 1-1 to 1-5 and the zinc oxide particles obtained in Comparative Example 1 were dispersed in propylene glycol.
- the figure which made the molar extinction coefficient computed from the molar concentration of the cobalt dope zinc oxide particle (converted as ZnO + CoO (M2)) or the zinc oxide particle (converted as ZnO) in the dispersion used for the graph with respect to a measurement wavelength is shown.
- Table 3 shows the M2 / M1 (molar ratio) of the M2-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Examples 1-1 to 1-15 and the average molar extinction coefficient from 200 nm to 380 nm in Comparative Example 1. It shows with the average molar extinction coefficient in wavelength 200nm-380nm of the obtained zinc oxide particle. Since the average primary particle diameter is equivalent, it can be considered that the specific surface area is equivalent.
- Table 3 shows the rate of increase of the average molar extinction coefficient in the same wavelength region of the M2 doped zinc oxide particles obtained in each Example with respect to the average molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm of Comparative Example 1 (average mol Absorption coefficient increase rate) is described.
- concentration of the elements other than Co in M2 in terms of the molar extinction coefficient Si is SiO 2
- Fe is Fe 2 O 3
- Mn MnO 2
- Mg MgO
- Al Al 2 O 3.
- Table 3 shows L * , a * , b * measured values of the M2-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Examples 1-1 to 1-19 and the zinc oxide particles obtained in Comparative Example 1. And hue H and saturation C calculated from the results are shown.
- the average molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm is improved as compared with zinc oxide particles not doped with M2.
- the average molar extinction coefficient of the M2 doped zinc oxide particles in the above wavelength range with respect to the average molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm of the dispersion in which the zinc oxide particles not doped with M2 are dispersed in the dispersion medium. It can be seen that the rate of increase of the extinction coefficient is improved.
- the average molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm was improved.
- the object is skin on a human body, a base of a painted body, indoor equipment having a glass as a transparent material, ornaments, and the like.
- FIG. 5 shows a plot of L * a * b * color system chromaticity diagram from L * , a * , and b * shown in Table 3.
- 40 ⁇ L * ⁇ 95, ⁇ 35 ⁇ a * ⁇ 35, or ⁇ 35 in the L * , a * , b * color system
- color characteristics can be strictly controlled in the range of ⁇ b * ⁇ 35, preferably in the range of 40 ⁇ L * ⁇ 95, ⁇ 30 ⁇ a * ⁇ 30, or ⁇ 30 ⁇ b * ⁇ 30. It was found that the color characteristics can be strictly controlled within the above range even by the heat treatment performed as the functional group changing treatment or the oxidation number changing treatment.
- Example 2 As M2 doped oxide particles of Example 2, M2 doped iron oxide particles using iron as M1 were prepared. Except those shown in Table 4 and Table 5, the same method as in Example 1 was used. The color characteristics were changed by heat-treating the M2-doped iron oxide particles obtained in Example 2-3 using an electric furnace. The powder of Example 2-3 was heat-treated at 150 ° C. (Example 2-9), 200 ° C. (Example 2-10), and 300 ° C. (Example 2-11). The heat treatment time is all 30 minutes. Further, similarly to Comparative Example 1, iron oxide particles having the same particle diameter not doped with M2 were prepared (Comparative Example 2). Table 6 shows the results of the analysis performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Fe (NO 3) 3 ⁇ 9H 2 O is (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) of iron nitrate nonahydrate
- Al (NO 3) 3 9H 2 O is aluminum nitrate nonahydrate (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- Mg (NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O is magnesium nitrate hexahydrate (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- Mn (NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O is manganese nitrate hexahydrate (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.)
- 24 wt% Tiso 4 is titanium (IV) sulfate solution (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.,> 24.0%: Ti (SO 4) 2 ), Zn (NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2
- the average molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm is improved as compared with iron oxide particles not doped with M2.
- the average molar extinction coefficient of the M2 doped iron oxide particles in the above wavelength range with respect to the average molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm of the dispersion obtained by dispersing the iron oxide particles not doped with M2 in the dispersion medium It can be seen that the rate of increase of the extinction coefficient is improved.
- Example 2-11 in the case where at least a part of the surface of the particle was coated with a silicon compound (Example 2-11), compared with the same oxide particle (Example 2-1) in which the surface of the particle was not coated with a silicon compound.
- Example 2-1 the same oxide particle in which the surface of the particle was not coated with a silicon compound.
- FIG. 6 shows a plot of L * a * b * color system chromaticity diagram from L * , a * , and b * shown in Table 6.
- L * of the M2-doped iron oxide particles obtained in Example 2-7 is not plotted because it differs greatly from other M2-doped iron oxide particles.
- FIG. 6 by changing the species and concentration of M2, 38 ⁇ L * ⁇ 44, 4 ⁇ a * ⁇ 14, or 4 ⁇ b in the L * , a * , b * color system * It was found that the color characteristics can be strictly controlled in the range of ⁇ 12. It was found that the color characteristics can be strictly controlled within the above range even by the heat treatment performed as the functional group changing treatment or the oxidation number changing treatment. Further, as seen in Example 2-1 to Example 2-3, even when M2 / M1 is the same, by changing the pH at which the M2 doped oxide particles are precipitated, the L * value , A * value, b * value, hue or saturation can be changed.
- Example 3 As M2 doped oxide particles of Example 3, M2 doped titanium oxide particles using titanium as M1 were produced. Except those shown in Tables 7 and 8, they were produced in the same manner as in Example 1. Further, similarly to Comparative Example 1, titanium oxide particles having the same particle diameter not doped with M2 were prepared (Comparative Example 3). Table 9 shows the results of the analysis performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The STEM and XRD measurement results were the same as in Example 1.
- TiOSO 4 ⁇ nH 2 O is titanyl sulfate (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) for substances indicated by chemical formulas and abbreviations shown in Table 7, and tetraethylorthosilicate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) is used for TEOS.
- Fe (NO 3) 3 ⁇ 9H 2 O are made of iron nitrate nonahydrate (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- Co (NO 3) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O is cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.
- Mn (NO 3) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O is manganese nitrate hexahydrate (manufactured by Kanto chemical Co., Inc.), manufactured by 97wt% H 2 SO 4 is concentrated sulfuric acid (Kishida chemical Co., Ltd.), EG is ethylene glycol (Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.), MeOH used methanol (Gordo Co., Ltd.), and NaOH used sodium hydroxide (Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.).
- Ti is TiO 2
- Fe is Fe 2 O 3
- Co was CoO
- Mn MnO 2
- Si was SiO 2
- absorption spectrum measurement results were converted into molar extinction coefficients.
- the average molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm is improved as compared to titanium oxide particles not doped with M2.
- Example 3-14 In addition, in the case where at least a part of the particle surface was coated with a silicon compound (Example 3-14), compared with the same oxide particle (Example 3-2) in which the surface of the particle was not coated with a silicon compound. Thus, it was found that the average molar extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 380 nm was improved.
- Example 1 in any case, when used in the composition for coating and transparent material, the protection against substances that deteriorate due to ultraviolet rays contained in the coated material and transparent material, and the coated material and transparent material There exists an advantage which can protect efficiently from the ultraviolet-ray which passed, degrading or decomposing
- FIG. 7 shows a plot of L * a * b * color system chromaticity diagram from L * , a * , and b * shown in Table 9.
- 40 ⁇ L * ⁇ 95, ⁇ 35 ⁇ a * ⁇ 35, or ⁇ 35 in the L * , a * , b * color system It has been found that color characteristics can be strictly controlled in the range of ⁇ b * ⁇ 35, preferably in the range of 40 ⁇ L * ⁇ 95, ⁇ 30 ⁇ a * ⁇ 30, or ⁇ 30 ⁇ b * ⁇ 30.
- the titanium oxide particles were doped with M2 to improve the ultraviolet shielding ability, and the molar ratio (M2 / M1) was controlled to control the color characteristics. It has been found that a composition can be provided.
- Example 4 As Example 4, mixing and reaction of the apparatus described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-112892 and liquid A (metal element-doped iron oxide raw material liquid), liquid B (oxide precipitation solvent) and liquid C (silicon compound raw material liquid) M2 doped zinc oxide particles were produced under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the method was used.
- the apparatus described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-112892 uses the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 of the same publication, and the inner diameter of the stirring tank is 80 mm, the outer end of the stirring tool, the inner peripheral side surface of the stirring tank, and the gap are 0 The rotational speed of the stirring blade was 7200 rpm.
- Example 4-8 The results of mapping and line analysis using the STEM of the M2-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 4-1 to Example 4-8 and the XRD measurement results were the same as in Example 1 (illustrated). None).
- Table 10 shows the results of the same evaluation as in Example 1 for the M2-doped zinc oxide particles obtained in Example 4-1 to Example 4-8.
- Zn is ZnO
- Fe is Fe 2 O 3
- Co was CoO
- Mn was MnO 2
- Si was SiO 2
- Mg was MgO
- Al was Al 2 O 3
- the absorption spectrum measurement results were converted to molar extinction coefficients.
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Abstract
Description
上記着色紫外線防御剤が、金属元素又は半金属元素であるM1を少なくとも含む酸化物粒子(M1Ox)に、M1とは異なる金属元素又は半金属元素から選ばれる少なくとも一種のM2がドープされたM2ドープ酸化物粒子を含むものであり、
上記xは任意の正数であり、
上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子を分散媒に分散させた分散液の波長200nmから380nmの範囲における平均モル吸光係数が、酸化物粒子(M1Ox)を分散媒に分散させた分散液に比べて向上されており、
且つ上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子は、可視領域における色特性である色相又は彩度が制御されている着色紫外線防御剤である。
上記酸化物粒子(M1Ox)を分散媒に分散させた分散液の波長200nmから380nmの範囲における平均モル吸光係数に対して、上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子の上記波長の範囲における平均モル吸光係数の上昇率が制御されていることが好ましい。
上記M1が亜鉛(Zn)であり、
上記(M2/M1)が0.01以上1.00以下であり、
上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子を分散媒に分散させた分散液において、波長200nmから380nmの範囲における平均モル吸光係数が650(L/(mol・cm))以上であり、
上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子の色特性が、L*,a*,b*表色系において、40≦L*≦95、-35≦a*≦35、又は-35≦b*≦35の範囲である着色紫外線防御剤である。また本発明は、上記M2が、鉄(Fe)、マンガン(Mn)、コバルト(Co)、アルミニウム(Al)、マグネシウム(Mg)から選ばれる少なくとも一種であることが好ましい。
上記M1が鉄(Fe)であり、
上記(M2/M1)が0.01以上1.00以下であり、
上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子を分散媒に分散させた分散液において、波長200nmから380nmの範囲における平均モル吸光係数が1000(L/(mol・cm))以上であり、
上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子の色特性が、L*,a*,b*表色系において、38≦L*≦44、4≦a*≦14、又は4≦b*≦12の範囲である着色紫外線防御剤である。
上記M1がチタン(Ti)であり、
上記(M2/M1)が0.01以上1.00以下であり、
上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子を分散媒に分散させた分散液において、波長200nmから380nmの範囲における平均モル吸光係数が3500(L/(mol・cm))以上であり、
上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子の色特性が、L*,a*,b*表色系において、40≦L*≦95、-35≦a*≦35、又は-35≦b*≦35の範囲である着色紫外線防御剤である。
上記ケイ素化合物被覆M2ドープ酸化物粒子を分散媒に分散させた分散液において、波長200nmから380nmの範囲における平均モル吸光係数が、ケイ素化合物を被覆していない上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子に比べて向上しており、より好ましくは、平均モル吸光係数上昇率が120%以上である着色紫外線防御剤であることが好ましい。
本発明に係るM2ドープ酸化物粒子は、金属元素又は半金属元素であるM1を少なくとも含む酸化物粒子(M1Ox)に、M1とは異なる金属元素又は半金属元素から選ばれる少なくとも一種のM2がドープされたM2ドープ酸化物粒子であり、M1とM2とのモル比(M2/M1)を制御することで波長200nmから380nmの範囲における平均モル吸光係数及び可視領域における色特性が制御されたM2ドープ酸化物粒子である。本発明に係るM2ドープ酸化物粒子を着色紫外線防御剤として、塗膜や塗装体若しくは人体の皮膚等に塗布する目的の塗布用組成物、又は透明樹脂やガラス、クリアー塗膜等の透明材用組成物に用いた場合には、波長200nmから380nmの紫外領域の光線に対する遮蔽能が高い組成物とでき、また意匠性や美観又は質感を損なわないだけでなく効果的に着色させることも可能であるため、被塗布物又は透明材に対して効果的に用いることができる塗布用又は透明材用組成物を提供できる。本発明においては、上記M1とM2とのモル比(M2/M1)が0.01以上1.00以下の範囲であることが好ましい。
上記金属元素又は半金属元素(M1)及び(M2)としては、化学周期表上における金属元素又は半金属元素から選ばれる単数又は複数の元素が挙げられる。すなわち、本発明においては、上記M1及びM2のみからなる酸化物に限定されるものでは無く、M1ともM2とも異なる別の元素M3、M4・・Mnを含む酸化物としても実施できる。Mに付随する数字はあくまで識別のための数字に過ぎない。本発明における半金属元素は、特に限定されないが、好ましくは、Ge、As、Sb、Te、Se、Si等の半金属元素を挙げることができる。なお、本発明において、上記M1、M2又はMnは、後述するM2ドープ酸化物粒子の表面の少なくとも一部を被覆する被覆層に含まれていてもよい。
本発明に係るM2ドープ酸化物粒子は、酸化物によってのみ構成されるものであってもよいが、酸化物によってのみ構成されるものに限定されるものではない。本発明のM2ドープ酸化物粒子は、本発明に影響を与えない程度に酸化物以外の化合物を含むものとしても実施できる。例えば、酸化物以外の化合物を含む酸化物粒子(M1Ox)に金属元素又は半金属元素がドープされたM2ドープ酸化物粒子としても実施できる。上記酸化物以外の化合物としては、水酸化物や窒化物、炭化物、硝酸塩や硫酸塩等の各種塩類、及び水和物や有機溶媒和物を挙げることができる。
本発明のM2ドープ酸化物粒子は、M1OxにM2がドープされた酸化物粒子であるが、M1とM2とが一つの酸化物粒子に均一に存在する固溶体を形成していることが、本発明の波長200nmから380nmの範囲における平均モル吸光係数の向上及び可視領域における色特性に制御を厳密に行える点で好ましい。ただし、上記M1又はM2が粒子の内部や表層近傍、又は局所的な一部分に存在する固溶体酸化物粒子であっても構わない。均一又は固溶体であることの評価方法としては、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)又は走査透過型電子顕微鏡(STEM)を用いて複数の粒子を観察し、エネルギー分散型X線分析装置(EDS)によって、それぞれの粒子におけるM1とM2との存在比及び存在位置を確認する方法が好ましい。一例として、一個の酸化物粒子に含まれるM1とM2との存在比(モル比)を特定し、複数個の酸化物粒子におけるM1とM2とのモル比の平均値及び変動係数を算出することで、均一性を評価する方法や、マッピングによって、酸化物粒子に含まれるM1又はM2の存在位置を特定する方法が挙げられる。本発明においては、STEMマッピングにおいて、上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子の全体にわたってM1及びM2が検出される固溶体酸化物粒子であることが好ましい。
モル吸光係数は、紫外可視吸収スペクトル測定における、吸光度と測定試料中の測定対象となる物質のモル濃度より、以下の(式1)にて算出可能である。
ε=A/(c・l) (式1)
ここで、εは物質固有の定数で、モル吸光係数と言い、1cmの厚みをもつ1mol/Lの分散液の吸光度であるため、単位はL/(mol・cm)である。Aは紫外可視吸収スペクトル測定における吸光度であり、cは試料のモル濃度(mol/L)である。lは光が透過する長さ(光路長)(cm)であり、通常は紫外可視吸収スペクトルを測定する際のセルの厚みである。本発明においては、波長200nmから380nmの紫外領域の光線を吸収する能力を示すために、波長200nmから380nmの測定波長領域における複数の波長に対するモル吸光係数の単純平均を算出し、「平均モル吸光係数」として評価した。
また本発明のM2ドープ酸化物粒子は、上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子の波長200nmから380nmの領域における平均モル吸光係数について、上記酸化物粒子(M1Ox)の同波長領域における平均モル吸光係数に対する上昇率である「平均モル吸光係数上昇率」が制御されたM2ドープ酸化物粒子であることが好ましく、上記酸化物粒子(M1Ox)を分散媒に分散させた分散液の波長200nmから380nmの範囲における平均モル吸光係数に対する、上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子の上記波長の範囲における平均モル吸光係数の上昇率である平均モル吸光係数上昇率が110%以上、又は120%以上であることがより好ましい。
本発明においては、紫外領域である上記波長200nmから380nmの範囲におけるモル吸光係数や平均モル吸光係数と同様にモル比(M2/M1)を制御することによって、可視領域である波長380nmから780nmにおける特定領域の反射率や平均反射率、透過率や平均透過率、L*a*b*表色系における色相H(=b*/a*)又は彩度C(=√((a*)2+(b*)2))等の色特性についても的確かつ厳密に制御できるものであり、特に紫外線防御目的の、塗布用又は透明材用組成物に用いた場合に好適なM2ドープ酸化物粒子を提供できるものである。本発明においては、上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子のモル比(M2/M1)を制御することで波長200nmから380nmの範囲における平均モル吸光係数が制御されていることに加えて、これらの色特性をも制御されたM2ドープ酸化物粒子であり、紫外領域の光線を効率良く防御する能力によって、美観や質感、又は意匠性を損なわない塗布用組成物又は透明材用組成物に用いた場合に好適であるだけでなく、目的によっては積極的に着色することができるため、着色用組成物として用いた場合にも好適である。
本発明における色相又は彩度は、L*a*b*表色系における色相H(=b*/a*、b*>0、a*>0)、彩度C=√((a*)2+(b*)2)で示すことができる。ここで、L*a*b*表色系は、均等色空間の一つであり、L*は明るさを表す値であり、数値が大きい程明るいことを示す。また、a*、b*は色度を表す。本発明においては、上記表色系をL*a*b*表色系に限定するものではない。XYZ系等他の表色系を用いて色特性を評価してもよい。また本発明においては、色特性がL*,a*,b*表色系において、40≦L*≦95の範囲で制御することで、暗い色から明るい色までを効果的に発色でき、-35≦a*≦35、又は-35≦b*値≦35の範囲、好ましくは-30≦a*≦30、又は-30≦b*値≦30の範囲で制御することで、着色力が強すぎず、人の目に優しい色に近づけることが可能となるため、特に着色紫外線防御目的の塗布用又は透明材用組成物に用いた場合に好適である。
本発明の酸化物粒子(M1Ox)にM2をドープすることによるM2ドープ酸化物粒子のモル吸光係数の上昇の要因は定かではないが、本来、物質の光の吸収は物質固有のエネルギー順位に従う電子遷移に基づいて、特定の波長の光線(光エネルギー)を吸収するものとされているが、酸化物粒子(M1Ox)にM2がドープされることによって、結晶格子の歪の発生や、-M1-酸素-M2-のランダムな組み合わせによる新たな結合の発生、又は酸素の欠損部位やM1又はM2もしくは他の金属元素又は半金属元素の欠損部位等が発生し、それによって酸化物粒子が本来から持つエネルギー順位とは似て非なるエネルギー順位が生じることによる光吸収能の増大(エネルギー順位数の増大)や、粒子の表層近傍でしか吸収されていなかった光が粒子の内部にまで入る込むことを可能にしたことによる光吸収能の増大(素材の光吸収効率の増大)が、酸化物粒子(M1Ox)にM2をドープすることによってM2ドープ酸化物粒子のモル吸光係数が上昇したこと、即ち同光線量に対する光吸収効率の増大の要因であると本願出願人は考えている。
また本発明においては、上記モル比(M2/M1)を制御されたM2ドープ酸化物粒子に含まれる官能基に対する官能基の変更処理若しくは金属元素又は半金属元素(M1、M2、Mn)に対する酸化数の変更処理を行うことによって、可視領域における色特性を制御することも可能である。上記官能基の変更処理は、M2ドープ酸化物粒子に含まれる官能基に対して、置換反応や付加反応、脱離反応や脱水反応、縮合反応を用いた反応等を行う方法によって上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子に含まれる水酸基等の官能基の比率を制御することが可能である。水酸基等の官能基の比率を制御するにあたり、同官能基の比率を増やしてもよいし、減らしてもよいし、新たな官能基を付与してもよい。官能基の変更処理の一例としては、例えば、酸化還元反応や、カルボキシル基(-COOH)からOHが、ヒドロキシル基(-OH)からHが脱離する脱水・縮合反応により達成されるエステル化や、その他にも、過酸化水素やオゾンをケイ素化合物被覆ケイ素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子に作用させる方法を挙げることができ、これらによってM2ドープ酸化物粒子に含まれる水酸基等の官能基の比率を制御することができる。また同方法によってM2ドープ酸化物粒子に含まれる金属元素又は半金属元素(M1、M2、Mn)に対して酸化数の変更処理を行うこともできる。例えばCoドープ酸化物粒子(M2=Co)中におけるCoについて、Co(+II)からCo(+III)又はその逆のような酸化数の変更処理を行うことができる。また、M2ドープ酸化物粒子を液中において析出させる際に、当該M2ドープ酸化物粒子を析出させる際の処方や、pHを制御する等の方法によって上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子に含まれる水酸基等の官能基の比率を制御や、金属元素又は半金属元素(M1、M2、Mn)に対する酸化数を制御することも可能である。また、官能基変更処理における脱水反応、及び酸化数の変更処理の一例として、M2ドープ酸化物粒子を熱処理する方法によって上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子に含まれる水酸基等の官能基の比率を制御することや(M1、M2、Mn)に対する酸化数を制御することもできる。
本発明においては、M2ドープ酸化物粒子の一次粒子径が1nm以上100nm以下であることが好ましく、1nm以上50nm以下であることがより好ましい。上述したように、M2ドープ酸化物粒子に含まれるM1とM2とが複合的に酸化物を構成することによって、当該M2ドープ酸化物粒子のモル吸光係数や色特性を制御できることや、粒子の表面がそれらの特性に与える影響が大きいこと等が想定できるため、一次粒子径が100nm以下のM2ドープ酸化物粒子は、一次粒子径が100nmを超えるM2ドープ酸化物粒子に比べて表面積が増大されており、M2ドープ酸化物粒子におけるM1に対するM2のモル比(M2/M1)を制御することによる当該M2ドープ酸化物粒子の平均モル吸光係数や色特性に与える影響が大きいことが考えられる。そのため一次粒子径が100nm以下のM2ドープ酸化物粒子にあっては、M2ドープ酸化物粒子の上記モル比(M2/M1)を制御することで、所定の特性(特に着色紫外線防御目的の塗布用又は透明材用組成物に好適な特性)を好適に発揮させることができる利点がある。
本発明においては、M2ドープ酸化物粒子の表面の少なくとも一部を各種化合物によって被覆してもよい。一例として、酸化アルミニウム等のアルミニウム化合物、リン酸カルシウム、アパタイト等のリン又はカルシウム化合物、酸化チタン等のチタン化合物や、酸化ケイ素等のケイ素化合物等が挙げられる。それらの被覆によって、本発明の平均モル吸光係数の制御に加えて、反射特性や透過特性、色相等の色特性の制御を行うことも可能であるし、本発明の制御方法だけでは不可能な範囲にまで平均モル吸光係数を制御することも可能である。また必要に応じて粒子の表面への被覆を行うことによって、波長200nmから380nmの範囲におけるモル吸光係数が上昇することよって増大された光触媒能を抑制し、塗装体に含まれる樹脂や人体の皮膚等の光触媒能による劣化等を低減することも可能である。また、M2ドープ酸化物粒子の表面を化合物で被覆することによって、M2ドープ酸化物粒子に対して、耐水性や耐酸・耐アルカリ性等の化学安定性を付与できる利点がある。なお、被覆されたM2ドープ酸化物粒子においても、M2ドープ酸化物粒子自体の一次粒子径が100nm以下であることが好ましく、50nm以下であることがより好ましい。表面の少なくとも一部を被覆されたM2ドープ酸化物粒子が複数個のM2ドープ酸化物粒子が凝集した凝集体から構成される場合、その凝集体の大きさが100nm以下であることが好ましく、50nm以下であることがより好ましい。本発明においては、粒子の表面の少なくとも一部を被覆されたM2ドープ酸化物粒子にあっては、上記被覆前の上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子の平均一次粒子径に対する化合物による被覆後のM2ドープ酸化物粒子の平均一次粒子径の割合が100.5%以上190%以下であることが好ましい。M2ドープ酸化物粒子に対する化合物の被覆が薄すぎると、化合物によって被覆されたM2ドープ酸化物粒子が有する特性に関する効果等を発揮し得なくなるおそれがあることから、化合物による被覆後のM2ドープ酸化物粒子の平均一次粒子径が、M2ドープ酸化物粒子の平均一次粒子径の100.5%以上であることが好ましい。被覆が厚すぎる場合や、粗大な凝集体を被覆した場合には特性の制御が困難となることから、化合物による被覆後のM2ドープ酸化物粒子の平均一次粒子径が、被覆前のM2ドープ酸化物粒子の190%以下であることが好ましい。本発明に係る化合物によって被覆されたM2ドープ酸化物粒子は、コアとなるM2ドープ酸化物粒子の表面全体を化合物で均一に被覆したコアシェル型のM2ドープ酸化物粒子であってもよい。また、上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子は、複数個のM2ドープ酸化物粒子が凝集していない、単一のM2ドープ酸化物粒子の表面の少なくとも一部を化合物で被覆した化合物被覆M2ドープ酸化物粒子であることが好ましいが、複数個のM2ドープ酸化物粒子が凝集した凝集体の表面の少なくとも一部を化合物で被覆したM2ドープ酸化物粒子であってもかまわない。本発明においては、M2ドープ酸化物粒子が粒子の表面の少なくとも一部をケイ素化合物で被覆されたM2ドープ酸化物粒子の場合にあっては、平均モル吸光係数の上昇率である平均モル吸光係数上昇率が120%以上とできる利点がある。
本発明におけるM2ドープ酸化物粒子の表面の少なくとも一部を被覆する化合物は、ケイ素化合物を含むものであることが好ましく、非晶質のケイ素酸化物を含むものであることが更に好ましい。ケイ素化合物が非晶質のケイ素酸化物を含むことによって、M2ドープ酸化物粒子のモル吸光係数をさらに向上させ、反射率、透過率、色相、彩度等の色特性をより厳密に制御することが可能である。
本発明に係るM2ドープ酸化物粒子の製造方法の一例として、M2ドープ酸化物粒子の原料を少なくとも含む酸化物原料液と、M2ドープ酸化物粒子を析出させるための酸化物析出物質を少なくとも含む酸化物析出溶媒とを用意し、酸化物原料液と酸化物析出溶媒とを混合させた混合流体中で、反応、晶析、析出、共沈等の方法でM2ドープ酸化物粒子を析出させて製造する方法を用いることが好ましい。M2ドープ酸化物粒子の表面の少なくとも一部を被覆する場合にあっては、上記析出させたM2ドープ酸化物粒子を含む上記混合流体と、被覆する化合物の一例として、ケイ素化合物の原料を少なくとも含むケイ素化合物原料液とを混合させて、M2ドープ酸化物粒子の表面の少なくとも一部をケイ素化合物で被覆することによってM2ドープ酸化物粒子を製造する方法を用いることが好ましい。また、M2ドープ酸化物粒子に含まれるM1とM2とは、上記酸化物原料液に一緒に含まれていてもよく、酸化物原料液と酸化物析出溶媒にそれぞれ含まれていてもよく、酸化物原料液と酸化物析出溶媒の両者又はケイ素化合物原料液に含まれていてもよい。
酸化物原料液、酸化物析出溶媒に用いる溶媒としては、例えば水や有機溶媒、又はそれらの複数からなる混合溶媒が挙げられる。上記水としては、水道水、イオン交換水、純水、超純水、RO水(逆浸透水)等が挙げられ、有機溶媒としては、アルコール化合物溶媒、アミド化合物溶媒、ケトン化合物溶媒、エーテル化合物溶媒、芳香族化合物溶媒、二硫化炭素、脂肪族化合物溶媒、ニトリル化合物溶媒、スルホキシド化合物溶媒、ハロゲン化合物溶媒、エステル化合物溶媒、イオン性液体、カルボン酸化合物、スルホン酸化合物等が挙げられる。上記の溶媒はそれぞれ単独で使用してもよく、又は複数を混合して使用してもよい。アルコール化合物溶媒としては、メタノールやエタノール等の1価アルコールや、エチレングリコールやプロピレングリコール等のポリオール等が挙げられる。
本発明においては、M2ドープ酸化物粒子の作製に悪影響を及ぼさない範囲において、目的や必要に応じて各種の分散剤や界面活性剤を用いてもよい。特に限定されないが、分散剤や界面活性剤としては一般的に用いられる様々な市販品や、製品又は新規に合成したもの等を使用できる。一例として、陰イオン性界面活性剤、陽イオン性界面活性剤、非イオン性界面活性剤や、各種ポリマー等の分散剤等を挙げることができる。これらは単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。上記の界面活性剤及び分散剤は、酸化物原料液、酸化物析出溶媒の少なくともいずれか1つの流体に含まれていてもよい。また、上記の界面活性剤及び分散剤は、酸化物原料液、酸化物析出溶媒とも異なる、別の流体に含まれていてもよい。
本発明においては、まず、上述したとおり上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子に含まれる少なくともM1とM2とは、少なくとも共に粒子の内部に存在することが好ましく、析出等によってM2ドープ酸化物粒子を製造するに際して、異なる複数の元素(M1とM2)から構成される酸化物を実質的に同時に析出させることによって、M2ドープ酸化物粒子を作製することが好ましい。例えば、酸化亜鉛の原料として硝酸亜鉛六水和物などの亜鉛化合物(M1=Zn)とドープするための金属元素又は半金属元素(M2)を含む化合物とを酸性水溶液中に溶解した酸化物原料液と、水酸化ナトリウムのようなアルカリ金属水酸化物(酸化物析出物質)の水溶液である酸化物析出溶媒とを混合してM2ドープ酸化物粒子を析出させる場合においては、pHが1から2付近又は1未満である酸化物原料液に、pHが14以上のような酸化物析出溶媒を混合してM2ドープ酸化物粒子を析出させる必要がある。酸化物原料液に含まれるM1又はM2から構成される酸化物は、それぞれに析出し易いpHや温度等が異なるため、例えば酸性である酸化物原料液に塩基性である酸化物析出溶媒を徐々に滴下した場合には、上記酸化物原料液と酸化物析出溶媒の混合液のpHも徐々に酸性から塩基性に変化することとなり、まずM1とM2とのいずれか一方が析出し易いpH付近となった時点でM1又はM2の酸化物が析出し(析出し始め)、その後さらに酸化物析出溶媒を加えることで混合液のpHが塩基性側に変化した段階で上記先に析出した酸化物とは異なる他方の酸化物が析出するというような、M1から構成される酸化物粒子とM2から構成される酸化物粒子が段階的に析出することが考えられる。そして、その場合にあっては粒子の内部にM1とM2との両方を含むM2ドープ酸化物粒子を作製することが困難となる。上記混合液をM1の酸化物とM2の酸化物との何れもが析出するpHに瞬間的に調整することによって、見かけ上の析出を同時とできるために、少なくとも粒子の内部にM1とM2との両方を含むM2ドープ酸化物粒子を作製するための前提条件を整えることが可能となる。
さらに、上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子の表面の少なくとも一部にケイ素化合物を被覆する場合にあっては、上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子が凝集する前に被覆することが好ましい。上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子を含む流体に、被覆する化合物の一例として、ケイ素化合物原料液を混合する際には、上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子が析出し、その後如何に凝集するよりも早い速度でケイ素化合物原料液を投入してケイ素化合物を上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子の表面に析出させるかが重要である。さらに、上記ケイ素化合物原料液を上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子を含む流体に投入することによって、上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子を含む流体のpH及びケイ素化合物原料の濃度が徐々に変化することとなり、粒子が分散しやすい状況から凝集しやすい状況となった後に粒子の表面を被覆するためのケイ素化合物が析出すると、上記本発明の特性を発揮できない程に凝集する前に被覆することが困難となる可能性がある。上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子が析出した直後に、ケイ素化合物原料液に含まれるケイ素化合物原料を作用させることが好ましい。
本発明に係るM2ドープ酸化物粒子の製造方法の一例としては、例えば、マイクロリアクターを用いたり、バッチ容器内で希薄系での反応を行う等によってM2ドープ酸化物粒子を作製する等の方法が挙げられる。またM2ドープ酸化物粒子を作製するために、本願出願人によって提案された特開2009-112892号公報にて記載されたような装置及び方法を用いてもよい。特開2009-112892号公報に記載の装置は、断面形状が円形である内周面を有する攪拌槽と、該攪拌槽の内周面と僅かな間隙を在して付設される攪拌具とを有し、攪拌槽には、少なくとも二箇所の流体入口と、少なくとも一箇所の流体出口とを備え、流体入口のうち一箇所からは、被処理流体のうち、反応物の一つを含む第一の被処理流体を攪拌槽内に導入し、流体入口のうちで上記以外の一箇所からは、上記反応物とは異なる反応物の一つを含む第二の被処理流体を、上記第一の被処理流体とは異なる流路より攪拌槽内に導入するものであり、攪拌槽と攪拌具の少なくとも一方が他方に対し高速回転することにより被処理流体を薄膜状態とし、この薄膜中で少なくとも上記第一の被処理流体と第二の被処理流体とに含まれる反応物同士を反応させるものであり、三つ以上の被処理流体を攪拌槽に導入するために、同公報の図4及び5に示すように導入管を三つ以上設けてもよいことが記載されている。また上記マイクロリアクターの一例としては、特許文献6,7に記載の流体処理装置と同様の原理の装置が挙げられる。その他、ビーズミル等の粉砕法を用いる等してM2ドープ酸化物粒子を作製し、作製した後に反応容器内や上記マイクロリアクター等を用いてM2ドープ酸化物粒子被覆する処理を行ってもよい。
本発明の着色紫外線防御剤は紫外線の防御及び着色を目的とするものであり、一例として、塗布用組成物又は透明材用組成物に用いることが挙げられる。塗布用組成物としては、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば溶剤系塗料、水性塗料等種々の塗装に用いるための塗布用組成物や、口紅やファンデーション、サンスクリーン剤等の化粧料や皮膚に塗布することを目的とした塗布用組成物に適用することができる。透明材用組成物としては、透明性を求められる塗装体や建築用や乗り物用又はメガネに用いるガラス、透明樹脂やフィルム状組成物に用いるための組成物であり、例えばガラスや透明樹脂又はクリアー塗膜そのものに含まれる組成物や、あわせガラスの中間膜に含まれる組成物、ガラスや透明樹脂に貼付する等、ガラスと組み合わせるフィルム等に用いられるフィルム状組成物、ガラスに塗布するための塗料などが挙げられる。なお上記透明樹脂としては、PMMA(ポリメチルメタクリレート)、PC(ポリカーボネート)、PET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)等が挙げられる。
塗布用組成物又は透明材用組成物である、塗料や塗膜、化粧料等、若しくはガラスや透明樹脂の材料として用いる場合には本発明に係る着色紫外線防御剤であるM2ドープ酸化物粒子を、塗料や塗装体を形成する塗膜又は化粧料等の組成物に混合させる等の方法や、ガラスや硬化前のガラス、又は透明樹脂に直接練り込むことや、各種ガラス用の膜やフィルム、又はクリアー塗膜を形成するための組成物に混合させる等の方法で用いることで、紫外線を目的に応じて効果的に遮蔽し、且つ着色するために好適な着色紫外線防御目的塗布用組成物又は着色紫外線防御目的透明材用組成物とできる。上記着色紫外線防御目的塗布用組成物又は着色紫外線防御目的透明材用組成物は、必要に応じて、顔料、染料の他、湿潤剤、分散剤、色分れ防止剤、レベリング剤、粘度調整剤、皮張り防止剤、ゲル化防止剤、消泡剤増粘剤、タレ防止剤、防カビ剤、紫外線吸収剤、近赤外反射剤、成膜助剤、界面活性剤、樹脂成分等の添加剤を、適宜、目的に応じてさらに含むことができる。塗装又はガラス同士の接着用の中間膜はフィルム状とすることを目的とする場合の樹脂成分としては、ポリエステル系樹脂、メラミン系樹脂、フェノール系樹脂、エポキシ系樹脂、塩化ビニル系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、ウレタン系樹脂、シリコン系樹脂、フッ素系樹脂等を例示し得る。本発明の着色紫外線防御剤が含まれる塗料が適用される塗布物としては、単一の塗料組成物から構成される単層の塗布物であってもよく、特開2014-042891号公報や特開2014-042892号公報に記載のような積層塗膜用途のように、複数の塗料組成物から構成される複数層の塗布物であってもよく、また、顔料が含まれる塗料に含めて実施することもできるし、クリアー塗料等の塗料に含めて実施することもできる。上記フィルム状組成物を目的とする場合には、必要に応じてバインダー樹脂や硬化剤、硬化触媒やレベリング剤、界面活性剤やシランカップリング剤、消泡剤や顔料又は染料のような着色剤、酸化防止剤等を含有することができる。
本発明に係る着色紫外線防御目的塗布用組成物又は着色紫外線防御目的透明材用組成物は、M2ドープ酸化物粒子の粉末、液状の分散媒にM2ドープ酸化物粒子を分散させた分散体、及びガラスや樹脂等の固体(又は固化する前の液体等)にM2ドープ酸化物粒子を分散させた分散体等を含むものである。上記透明材用組成物に含まれるM2ドープ酸化物粒子は、1個のM2ドープ酸化物粒子から構成されていてもよく、複数個のM2ドープ酸化物粒子が凝集した凝集体から構成されていてもよく、両者の混合物であってもよい。複数個のM2ドープ酸化物粒子が凝集した凝集体から構成される場合、その凝集体の大きさが100nm以下であることが好ましい。また、上記着色紫外線防御目的塗布用組成物又は着色紫外線防御目的透明材用組成物は、各種の色材とともに使用してもよいし、塗膜としてガラスにオーバーコートするための組成物であってもよい。さらに上記着色紫外線防御目的塗布用組成物又は着色紫外線防御目的透明材用組成物が分散体の場合、分散媒としては、水道水、蒸留水、RO水(逆浸透水)、純水、超純水等の水、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール等のアルコール系溶媒;プロピレングリコール、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコールやグリセリン等の多価アルコール系溶媒;酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル等のエステル系溶媒;ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族系溶媒;アセトン、メチルエチルケトン等のケトン系溶媒;アセトニトリル等のニトリル系溶媒;シリコーンオイルや植物オイル、ワックス等が挙げられる。これらは単独で使用してもよいし、複数を混合して使用してもよい。
本発明に係る着色紫外線防御目的塗布用組成物又は着色紫外線防御目的透明材用組成物に用いられる塗布物、又は紫外線防御目的透明材用組成物に用いるフィルムやガラス等の透明材の色としては、特に限定されず、目的の色相に対して本発明の着色紫外線防御目的塗布用組成物又は着色紫外線防御目的透明材用組成物を用いることができる。また本発明のM2ドープ酸化物粒子は、上記モル比(M2/M1)を制御することによって、厳密かつ正確な色特性が制御できるため、着色紫外線防御目的着色用組成物として用いた場合においても好適である。本発明に係る塗布用、透明材用又は着色用組成物は上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子を含むことによって、建物や乗り物等に用いられる塗料や塗装体などの塗布物に用いた場合や、クリアー塗膜やガラス、若しくはディスプレイやコンタクトレンズ等のフィルム状組成物等の透明材に用いた場合の紫外線防御能を高め、建物や乗り物等の塗装体に含まれる有機物等の分解や人体においては皮膚の損傷等を抑制し、また建築物や乗り物に用いられるガラスを透過した紫外線が室内の有機物や機器類を損傷すること等を抑制でき、尚かつ使用量の低減やそれによって可視光線に対して高い透過特性を示すためにガラスやクリアー塗膜等の透明感の向上にも寄与できるだけでなく、色相等の色特性を厳密に制御できるために、美観や質感、意匠性を高めることができる。
塗布物や透明材の色としては、白色系やグレー系、又は黒色系、例えばマンセル表色系における明度10の白色から明度0の黒色を備えた色や、赤色系、例えばマンセル色相環でRPからYRの色相を備えた色や、黄色から緑色系、例えばマンセル色相環でYからBGの色相を備えた色や、青色から紫色系、例えばマンセル色相環でBからPの色素を備えた色(それぞれ、メタルカラーを含む)の塗布物に用いられる塗布用組成物に好適に配合することができる。しかしこれに限るものではなく、他の色相の色であってもかまわない。また、特にそれらの色を呈する塗膜や塗装体のトップコートに、本発明のM2ドープ酸化物粒子を含む塗布用組成物又は透明材用組成物を用いることによって、各色の発色を損なうことを著しく低減できるだけでなく効果的に着色できるため、塗装体の意匠性を高めるための着色用組成物としても好適である。塗布用、透明材用又は着色用組成物に必要に応じて含まれる顔料や染料は、種々の顔料や染料を用いることができ、例えばカラーインデックスに登録される全ての顔料や染料を用いることができる。その中でも例えば、緑色を構成する顔料にあってはC.I.Pigment Greenに分類される顔料並びに染料、青色を構成する顔料にあっては、C.I.Pigment Blueに分類される顔料並びに染料、白色を構成する顔料にあってはC.I.Pigment Whiteに分類される顔料並びに染料、黄色を構成する顔料にあってはC.I.Pigment Yellowに分類される顔料並びに染料、赤色を構成する顔料や染料にあっては、カラーインデックスにおいてC.I.Pigment Redに分類される顔料並びに染料、C.I.Pigment VioletやC.I.Pigment Orangeに分類される顔料並びに染料等が挙げられる。より具体的にはC.I.Pigment Red 122やC.I.Pigment Violet 19のようなキナリドン系顔料やC.I.Pigment Red 254やC.I.Pigment Orange 73のようなジケトピロロピロール系顔料、C.I.Pigment Red 150やC.I.Pigment Red 170のようなナフトール系顔料やC.I.Pigment Red 123やC.I.Pigment Red 179のようなペリレン系顔料やC.I.Pigment Red 144のようなアゾ系顔料等が挙げられる。これらの顔料並びに染料は、単独で用いてもよいし、複数を混合して使用してもよい。なお、本発明のM2ドープ酸化物粒子を含む組成物は、上記顔料及び染料等と混合せずに単独で塗布用、透明材用又は着色用組成物に配合することも可能である。
実施例で得られたM2ドープ酸化物粒子のウェットケーキサンプルの一部をプロピレングリコールに分散させ、更にイソプロピルアルコール(IPA)で100倍に希釈した。得られた希釈液をコロジオン膜又はマイクログリッドに滴下して乾燥させて、TEM観察用試料又はSTEM観察用試料とした。
TEM-EDS分析によるM2ドープ酸化物粒子の観察及び定量分析には、エネルギー分散型X線分析装置、JED-2300(日本電子株式会社製)を備えた透過型電子顕微鏡、JEM2100(日本電子株式会社製)を用いた。観察条件としては、加速電圧を80kV、観察倍率を2万5千倍以上とした。TEMによって観察されたM2ドープ酸化物粒子の最大外周間の距離より粒子径を算出し、100個の粒子について粒子径を測定した結果の平均値(平均一次粒子径)を算出した。TEM-EDSによって、ケイ素化合物被覆金属元素ドープ金属酸化物を構成する元素成分のモル比を算出し、10個以上の粒子についてモル比を算出した結果の平均値を算出した。
STEM-EDS分析による、M2ドープ酸化物粒子中に含まれる元素のマッピング及び定量には、エネルギー分散型X線分析装置、Centurio(日本電子株式会社製)を備えた、原子分解能分析電子顕微鏡、JEM-ARM200F(日本電子株式会社製)を用いた。観察条件としては、加速電圧を80kV、観察倍率を5万倍以上とし、直径0.2nmのビーム径を用いて分析した。
X線回折(XRD)測定には、粉末X線回折測定装置 EMPYREAN(スペクトリス株式会社PANalytical事業部製)を使用した。測定条件は、測定範囲:10から100[°2Theta] Cu対陰極、管電圧45kV、管電流40mA、走査速度0.3°/minとした。各実施例で得られたM2ドープ酸化物粒子の乾燥粉体を用いてXRD測定を行った。
吸収スペクトル、L*値、a*値、b*値、色相、及び彩度は、紫外可視近赤外分光光度計(製品名:V-770、日本分光株式会社製)を使用して測定した。吸収スペクトルの測定範囲は200nmから800nmとし、サンプリングレートを0.2nm、測定速度を低速として測定した。モル吸光係数は、吸収スペクトルを測定後、測定結果から得られた吸光度と分散液中のM2ドープ酸化物粒子の濃度より、各測定波長におけるモル吸光係数を算出し、横軸に測定波長、縦軸にモル吸光係数を記載したグラフとした。測定には、厚み1cmの液体用セルを用いた。また、波長200nmから380nmの複数の測定波長におけるモル吸光係数を単純平均し、平均モル吸光係数を算出した。
実施例1のM2ドープ酸化物粒子として、酸化亜鉛にM2としてコバルト、マンガン、鉄、マグネシウム又はコバルト及びアルミニウムをドープしたM1が亜鉛であるM2ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子について記載する(Co-ZnO、Mn-ZnO、Fe-ZnO、Mg-ZnO、(Co+Al)-ZnO)。高速回転式分散乳化装置であるクレアミックス(製品名:CLM2.2S、エム・テクニック株式会社製)を用いて、酸化物原料液(A液)、酸化物析出溶媒(B液)、及び粒子の表面の少なくとも一部をケイ素化合物で被覆する場合にあってはケイ素化合物原料液(C液)を調製した。具体的には表1の実施例1に示す酸化物原料液の処方に基づいて、酸化物原料液の各成分を、クレアミックスを用いて、調製温度40℃、ローター回転数を20000rpmにて30分間攪拌することにより均質に混合し、酸化物原料液を調製した。また、表1の実施例1に示す酸化物析出溶媒の処方に基づいて、酸化物析出溶媒の各成分を、クレアミックスを用いて、調製温度45℃、ローターの回転数15000rpmにて30分間攪拌することにより均質に混合し、酸化物析出溶媒を調製した。表1の実施例1に示すケイ素化合物原料液の処方に基づいて、ケイ素化合物原料液の各成分を、クレアミックスを用いて、調製温度20℃、ローターの回転数6000rpmにて10分間攪拌することにより均質に混合し、ケイ素化合物原料液を調製した。なお、表1に記載の化学式や略記号で示された物質については、Zn(NO3)2・6H2Oは硝酸亜鉛六水和物(関東化学株式会社製)、Co(NO3)2・6H2Oは硝酸コバルト六水和物(関東化学株式会社製)、Mn(NO3)2・6H2Oは硝酸マンガン六水和物(関東化学株式会社製)、Al(NO3)3・9H2Oは硝酸アルミニウム九水和物(関東化学株式会社製)、Fe(NO3)3・9H2Oは硝酸鉄九水和物(関東化学株式会社製)、Mg(NO3)2・6H2Oについては硝酸マグネシウム六水和物(関東化学株式会社製)、TEOSについてはテトラエチルオルトシリケート(和光純薬工業株式会社製)、EGはエチレングリコール(キシダ化学株式会社製)、MeOHはメタノール(株式会社ゴードー製)、NaOHは水酸化ナトリウム(関東化学株式会社製)を使用した。
実施例2のM2ドープ酸化物粒子として、M1に鉄を用いたM2ドープ酸化鉄粒子を作製した。表4及び表5に示した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で作製した。また実施例2-3で得られたM2ドープ酸化鉄粒子粉末を電気炉を用いて熱処理することによって、色特性を変化させた。実施例2-3の粉末を150℃(実施例2-9)、200℃(実施例2-10)、300℃(実施例2-11)で熱処理した。熱処理時間は全て30分間である。また比較例1と同様に、M2をドープしていない同粒子径の酸化鉄粒子を作製した(比較例2)。実施例1と同じ方法で行った分析結果を表6に示す。なお、STEM及びXRD測定結果は、実施例1と同様の結果が得られた。また、表4に記載の化学式や略記号で示された物質については、Fe(NO3)3・9H2Oは硝酸鉄九水和物(関東化学株式会社製)、Al(NO3)3・9H2Oは硝酸アルミニウム九水和物(関東化学株式会社製)、Mg(NO3)2・6H2Oについては硝酸マグネシウム六水和物(関東化学株式会社製)、Mn(NO3)2・6H2Oは硝酸マンガン六水和物(関東化学株式会社製)、24wt%TiSO4は、硫酸チタン(IV)溶液(関東化学株式会社製、>24.0%:Ti(SO4)2として)、Zn(NO3)2・6H2Oは硝酸亜鉛六水和物(関東化学株式会社製)、TEOSについてはテトラエチルオルトシリケート(和光純薬工業株式会社製)、EGはエチレングリコール(キシダ化学株式会社製)、MeOHはメタノール(株式会社ゴードー製)、NaOHは水酸化ナトリウム(関東化学株式会社製)を使用した。実施例2-1から実施例2-11で得られたM2ドープ酸化鉄粒子及び比較例2で得られた酸化鉄粒子のモル吸光係数換算時には、FeはFe2O3、CoはCoO、MnはMnO2、TiはTiO2、MgはMgO、AlはAl2O3として、吸収スペクトル測定結果をモル吸光係数に換算した。
実施例3のM2ドープ酸化物粒子として、M1にチタンを用いたM2ドープ酸化チタン粒子を作製した。表7及び表8に示した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で作製した。また比較例1と同様に、M2をドープしていない同粒子径の酸化チタン粒子を作製した(比較例3)。実施例1と同じ方法で行った分析結果を表9に示す。なお、STEM及びXRD測定結果は、実施例1と同様の結果が得られた。なお、表7に記載の化学式や略記号で示された物質については、TiOSO4・nH2Oは硫酸チタニル(キシダ化学株式会社製)、TEOSについてはテトラエチルオルトシリケート(和光純薬工業株式会社製)、Fe(NO3)3・9H2Oは硝酸鉄九水和物(関東化学株式会社製)、Co(NO3)2・6H2Oは硝酸コバルト六水和物(関東化学株式会社製)、Mn(NO3)2・6H2Oは硝酸マンガン六水和物(関東化学株式会社製)、97wt% H2SO4は濃硫酸(キシダ化学株式会社製)、EGはエチレングリコール(キシダ化学株式会社製)、MeOHはメタノール(株式会社ゴードー製)、NaOHは水酸化ナトリウム(関東化学株式会社製)を使用した。実施例3-1から実施例3-17で得られたM2ドープ酸化チタン粒子及び比較例3で得られた酸化チタン粒子のモル吸光係数換算時には、TiはTiO2、FeはFe2O3、CoはCoO、MnはMnO2、SiはSiO2として、吸収スペクトル測定結果をモル吸光係数に換算した。
実施例4として、特開2009-112892号公報に記載の装置並びにA液(金属元素ドープ酸化鉄原料液)、B液(酸化物析出溶媒)及びC液(ケイ素化合物原料液)の混合・反応方法を用いた以外は、実施例1と同じ条件とすることでM2ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を作製した。ここで、特開2009-112892号公報の装置とは、同公報の図1に記載の装置を用い、撹拌槽の内径が80mm、攪拌具の外端と攪拌槽の内周側面と間隙が0.5mm、攪拌羽根の回転数は7200rpmとした。また、撹拌槽にA液を導入し、攪拌槽の内周側面に圧着されたA液からなる薄膜中にB液を加えて混合し反応させた。TEM観察の結果、一次粒子径が20nmから30nm程度のM2ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子が観察された。また比較例1と同様に、M2をドープしていない同粒子径の酸化亜鉛粒子を作製した(比較例4)。
(図示無)。
Claims (13)
- 紫外線を遮蔽し、且つ着色する目的に使用される着色紫外線防御剤であり、
上記着色紫外線防御剤が、金属元素又は半金属元素であるM1を少なくとも含む酸化物粒子(M1Ox)に、M1とは異なる金属元素又は半金属元素から選ばれる少なくとも一種のM2がドープされたM2ドープ酸化物粒子を含むものであり、
上記xは任意の正数であり、
上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子を分散媒に分散させた分散液の波長200nmから380nmの範囲における平均モル吸光係数が、酸化物粒子(M1Ox)を分散媒に分散させた分散液に比べて向上されており、
且つ上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子は、可視領域における色特性である色相又は彩度が制御されていることを特徴とする着色紫外線防御剤。 - 上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子の上記色特性がL*,a*,b*表色系において、40≦L*≦95、-35≦a*≦35、又は-35≦b*≦35の範囲で制御されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の着色紫外線防御剤。
- 上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子が、上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子中のM1とM2とのモル比(M2/M1)が制御された酸化物粒子であって、
上記酸化物粒子(M1Ox)を分散媒に分散させた分散液の波長200nmから380nmの範囲における平均モル吸光係数に対して、上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子の上記波長の範囲における平均モル吸光係数の上昇率が制御されていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の着色紫外線防御剤。 - 上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子が、上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子のM1とM2とのモル比(M2/M1)が0.01以上1.00以下の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の着色紫外線防御剤。
- 上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子は、上記酸化物粒子(M1Ox)を分散媒に分散させた分散液の波長200nmから380nmの範囲における平均モル吸光係数に対する、上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子の上記波長の範囲における平均モル吸光係数の上昇率である平均モル吸光係数上昇率が110%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の着色紫外線防御剤。
- 上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子は、STEMマッピングにおいて、上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子の全体にわたってM1及びM2が検出される固溶体酸化物粒子であることを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の着色紫外線防御剤。
- 金属元素又は半金属元素であるM1及びM2を少なくとも含むM2ドープ酸化物粒子を含む着色紫外線防御剤であり、
上記M1が亜鉛(Zn)であり、
上記(M2/M1)が0.01以上1.00以下であり、
上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子を分散媒に分散させた分散液において、波長200nmから380nmの範囲における平均モル吸光係数が650(L/(mol・cm))以上であり、
上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子の色特性が、L*,a*,b*表色系において、40≦L*≦95、-35≦a*≦35、又は-35≦b*≦35の範囲であることを特徴とする着色紫外線防御剤。 - 上記M2が、鉄(Fe)、マンガン(Mn)、コバルト(Co)、アルミニウム(Al)、マグネシウム(Mg)から選ばれる少なくとも一種であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の着色紫外線防御剤。
- 金属元素又は半金属元素であるM1及びM2を少なくとも含むM2ドープ酸化物粒子を含む着色紫外線防御剤であり、
上記M1が鉄(Fe)であり、
上記(M2/M1)が0.01以上1.00以下であり、
上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子を分散媒に分散させた分散液において、波長200nmから380nmの範囲における平均モル吸光係数が1000(L/(mol・cm))以上であり、
上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子の色特性が、L*,a*,b*表色系において、38≦L*≦44、4≦a*≦14、又は4≦b*≦12の範囲であることを特徴とする着色紫外線防御剤。 - 金属元素又は半金属元素であるM1及びM2を少なくとも含むM2ドープ酸化物粒子を含む着色紫外線防御剤であり、
上記M1がチタン(Ti)であり、
上記(M2/M1)が0.01以上1.00以下であり、
上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子を分散媒に分散させた分散液において、波長200nmから380nmの範囲における平均モル吸光係数が3500(L/(mol・cm))以上であり、
上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子の色特性が、L*,a*,b*表色系において、40≦L*≦95、-35≦a*≦35、又は-35≦b*≦35の範囲であることを特徴とする着色紫外線防御剤。 - 上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子の一次粒子径が1nm以上100nm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1から10のいずれかに記載の着色紫外線防御剤。
- 上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子の表面の少なくとも一部がケイ素化合物で被覆されたケイ素化合物被覆M2ドープ酸化物粒子であり、
上記ケイ素化合物被覆M2ドープ酸化物粒子を分散媒に分散させた分散液において、波長200nmから380nmの範囲における平均モル吸光係数が、ケイ素化合物を被覆していない上記M2ドープ酸化物粒子に比べて向上していることを特徴とする請求項1から11のいずれかに記載の着色紫外線防御剤。 - 請求項1から12のいずれかに記載の着色紫外線防御剤を含むことを特徴とする着色紫外線防御剤組成物。
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| JPPCT/JP2016/066542 | 2016-06-03 | ||
| PCT/JP2016/066542 WO2017061140A1 (ja) | 2015-10-05 | 2016-06-03 | 金属酸化物粒子及びその製造方法 |
| JP2016-231897 | 2016-11-29 | ||
| JP2016231897 | 2016-11-29 |
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| US16/306,318 A-371-Of-International US20190144691A1 (en) | 2016-06-02 | 2017-04-04 | Coloring ultraviolet protective agent |
| US18/351,952 Continuation US20230357582A1 (en) | 2016-06-02 | 2023-07-13 | Coloring ultraviolet protective agent |
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| PCT/JP2017/014157 Ceased WO2017208616A1 (ja) | 2016-06-02 | 2017-04-04 | 着色紫外線防御剤 |
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| EP (1) | EP3467071B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6218003B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN109196073B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2017208616A1 (ja) |
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| CN109196073B (zh) * | 2016-06-02 | 2022-07-29 | M技术株式会社 | 着色紫外线防御剂 |
| KR102451333B1 (ko) | 2018-10-22 | 2022-10-06 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 마이크로비드 및 그 제조방법 |
| US12134709B2 (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2024-11-05 | The Boeing Company | Coatings for sterilization with UV light |
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- 2017-04-04 US US16/306,318 patent/US20190144691A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3467071A4 (en) | 2020-01-22 |
| JP2018090470A (ja) | 2018-06-14 |
| JP6218003B1 (ja) | 2017-10-25 |
| CN109196073B (zh) | 2022-07-29 |
| EP3467071B1 (en) | 2025-06-04 |
| CN109196073A (zh) | 2019-01-11 |
| US20190144691A1 (en) | 2019-05-16 |
| EP3467071A1 (en) | 2019-04-10 |
| EP3467071C0 (en) | 2025-06-04 |
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