WO2017115596A1 - 有機電界発光素子 - Google Patents
有機電界発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017115596A1 WO2017115596A1 PCT/JP2016/085114 JP2016085114W WO2017115596A1 WO 2017115596 A1 WO2017115596 A1 WO 2017115596A1 JP 2016085114 W JP2016085114 W JP 2016085114W WO 2017115596 A1 WO2017115596 A1 WO 2017115596A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
- C09K2211/1029—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing one nitrogen atom as the heteroatom
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- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
- H10K2101/20—Delayed fluorescence emission
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent device (referred to as an organic EL device).
- Patent Document 1 discloses an organic EL element using a TTF (Triplet-Triplet Fusion) mechanism, which is one of delayed fluorescence mechanisms.
- TTF Triplet-Triplet Fusion
- the TTF mechanism uses the phenomenon that singlet excitons are generated by the collision of two triplet excitons, and it is theoretically thought that the internal quantum efficiency can be increased to 40%.
- the efficiency is lower than that of a phosphorescent organic EL element, further improvement in efficiency is required.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an organic EL device using a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) mechanism.
- the TADF mechanism utilizes the phenomenon that reverse intersystem crossing from triplet excitons to singlet excitons occurs in materials where the energy difference between singlet and triplet levels is small. It is thought to be increased to 100%.
- TADF thermally activated delayed fluorescence
- Patent Document 2 discloses the use of an indolocarbazole compound as shown below as a TADF material.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses the use of a carbazole substituted cyanobenzene compound as a TADF material.
- Patent Document 3 discloses use of a cyanobenzene compound substituted with carbazole or indole as a TADF material.
- Patent Documents 4, 5, and 6 disclose use of a cyanobenzene compound substituted with indolocarbazole as shown below as a TADF material. However, none of them are sufficient, and further improvements are desired.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a practically useful organic EL device having high efficiency and high driving stability while having a low driving voltage in view of the above-described present situation.
- At least one light emitting layer contains a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material represented by the following general formula (1) This is an organic EL element.
- D 1 and D 2 are nitrogen-containing heterocycles represented by formula (1a), and ring Y in formula (1a) is represented by formula (1a-1), (1a-2), or ( A ring structure represented by 1a-3)
- ring Y is (1a-2)
- ring Y is condensed at position d
- ring Y is (1a-3)
- ring Y is Condensation is performed at any position of g, h, and i.
- X 1 and X 2 independently represent O, S, or NR 6.
- R 1 to R 6 independently represent independently 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- A is preferably a cyano group
- ring Y is preferably represented by formula (1a-2) or (1a-3), and is represented by formula (1a-3). It is more preferable.
- X 2 in formula (1a-3) is preferably NR 6 , and R 6 is the same as in formula (1a-3).
- the organic EL device of the present invention can contain a host material in the light emitting layer containing the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material represented by the general formula (1).
- the host material include compounds represented by the following general formula (2).
- L represents benzene, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, carborane, or a p-valent group formed from a compound in which two to three of these are linked.
- P represents an integer of 1 or 2
- q represents 0-4. Represents an integer, but when L is a p-valent group derived from benzene, q represents an integer of 1 to 4.
- the light emitting layer preferably includes a first host and a second host selected from a compound having a singlet excitation energy (S1) larger than that of the first host as a host material. Further, at least one of the first host and the second host is preferably a compound represented by the general formula (2), and both the first host and the second host are represented by the general formula (2). More preferably, it is a compound represented.
- the ionization potential (IP) of the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material represented by the general formula (1) in the light emitting layer is preferably smaller than the IP of the host material.
- the organic EL element preferably has a light emission maximum wavelength in the range of 440 to 470 nm of the light emission wavelength of the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material represented by the general formula (1).
- the organic EL device of the present invention contains a specific thermally activated delayed fluorescent material and a specific host material in the light emitting layer, it can be an organic EL device having a high light emission efficiency and a long lifetime at a low driving voltage.
- 2 shows a 1H-NMR chart of a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material.
- 2 shows a 1H-NMR chart of a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material.
- 2 shows a 1H-NMR chart of a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material. It is a time-resolved spectrum of a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material.
- 2 is an emission spectrum of the organic EL device of the present invention.
- the organic EL device of the present invention has one or more light-emitting layers between opposed anodes and cathodes, and at least one of the light-emitting layers is a thermally activated delayed fluorescence represented by the general formula (1).
- This organic EL device has an organic layer composed of a plurality of layers between an anode and a cathode facing each other, but at least one of the plurality of layers is a light emitting layer, and the light emitting layer contains a host material as necessary.
- a preferred host material is a compound represented by the above general formula (2).
- Ring Y in formula (1a) is a ring structure represented by formula (1a-1), (1a-2), or (1a-3).
- d, g, h, and i represent sides where the ring Y is fused with the adjacent pyrrole ring.
- ring Y is (1a-2)
- ring Y is fused at position d
- ring Y is (1a-3)
- ring Y is fused at any position of g, h, or i.
- ring Y is (1a-1), it is condensed at any position of the benzene ring.
- At least one of D 1 and D 2 of formula (1a) ring Y is a ring structure represented by formula (1a-2) or formula (1a-3). More preferably, it is the formula (1a-3), and more preferably a ring structure in which X 2 in the formula (1a-3) is NR 6 .
- X 1 and X 2 each independently represent O, S, or NR 6 .
- R 1 to R 6 are each independently an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, It represents a 6 to 10 aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms. Preferably, it represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 9 carbon atoms. More preferably, it represents a phenyl group or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
- a, b, c and e independently represent an integer of 0 to 4, preferably an integer of 0 to 2, more preferably an integer of 0 to 1.
- f represents an integer of 0 to 2, preferably an integer of 0 to 1.
- aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl and the like.
- aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or the aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms include benzene, naphthalene, pyridine, pyrimidine, triazine, thiophene, isothiazole, thiazole, pyridazine, Pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, thiadiazole, pyrazine, furan, isoxazole, oxazole, oxadiazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, quinazoline, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, benzotriazine, phthalazine, tetrazole, indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, Benzoxazole, benzothiazole, indazole, benzimidazole, benzotriazole, benzoisothiazole, benzothiadiazole, dibenzofur
- A represents a cyano group, a nitro group, a trifluoromethyl group, chlorine, or fluorine.
- a cyano group, a nitro group, or a trifluoromethyl group is preferred. More preferably, it is a cyano group.
- An excellent organic EL device can be obtained by containing the compound represented by the general formula (1) as a TADF material in the light emitting layer.
- the light emitting layer can contain a host material together with the TADF material, if necessary.
- a host material By containing a host material, an excellent organic EL device is obtained.
- the TADF material is also called a dopant.
- the host material promotes light emission from the TADF material, which is a dopant.
- the host material desirably has a larger ionization potential (IP) than the TADF material. It is also desirable to have a singlet excitation energy (S1) that is greater than that of the TADF material.
- L is a p-valent group, which is a p-valent group generated from benzene, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, carborane, or a linking compound in which 2 to 3 of these rings are connected.
- the linking compound is a compound having a structure in which rings of benzene, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene or carborane are linked by a direct bond, and is represented by Ar-Ar, Ar-Ar-Ar, or Ar-Ar (Ar).
- Ar is a ring of benzene, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene or carborane, and a plurality of Ars may be the same or different.
- Preferred examples of the linking compound include biphenyl or terphenyl, which is a compound in which two or three benzene rings are linked.
- L is a p-valent group formed by taking p hydrogen atoms from benzene, biphenyl, terphenyl, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, or carborane.
- p represents an integer of 1 or 2, preferably an integer of 1.
- q represents an integer of 0 to 4, preferably an integer of 0 to 3, more preferably an integer of 0 to 2.
- L is a group derived from benzene, q is not 0.
- L and the carbazole ring may have a substituent as long as the function as a host is not hindered.
- a substituent include a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, An alkoxy group having 8 carbon atoms may be mentioned, and an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is preferable.
- the number of substituents is preferably 0-4.
- the light emitting layer containing the dopant material selected from the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material represented by the general formula (1) is excellent in containing a host material selected from the compound represented by the general formula (2).
- An organic EL element having the above characteristics can be provided.
- a characteristic can also be improved by containing 2 or more types of host materials.
- a compound having a higher singlet energy (S1) is preferably contained as the second host.
- S1 singlet energy
- At least one kind is preferably a host material selected from compounds represented by the general formula (2).
- the first host is preferably a compound represented by the general formula (2).
- the second host may be a compound having a singlet energy (S1) larger than that of the first host, and may be a compound of the general formula (2) or another host material. It is preferable that it is a compound represented by General formula (2).
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of a general organic EL device used in the present invention, wherein 1 is a substrate, 2 is an anode, 3 is a hole injection layer, 4 is a hole transport layer, and 5 is a light emitting layer. , 6 represents an electron transport layer, and 7 represents a cathode.
- the organic EL device of the present invention may have an exciton blocking layer adjacent to the light emitting layer, or may have an electron blocking layer between the light emitting layer and the hole injection layer.
- the exciton blocking layer can be inserted on either the cathode side or the cathode side of the light emitting layer, or both can be inserted simultaneously.
- the organic EL device of the present invention has an anode, a light emitting layer, and a cathode as essential layers, but preferably has a hole injecting and transporting layer and an electron injecting and transporting layer in addition to the essential layers, and further has a light emitting layer and an electron injecting layer. It is preferable to have a hole blocking layer between the transport layers.
- the hole injection / transport layer means either or both of a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer
- the electron injection / transport layer means either or both of an electron injection layer and an electron transport layer.
- the structure opposite to that shown in FIG. 1, that is, the cathode 7, the electron transport layer 6, the light emitting layer 5, the hole transport layer 4 and the anode 2 can be laminated in this order on the substrate 1. Addition and omission are possible.
- the organic EL element of the present invention is preferably supported on a substrate.
- the substrate is not particularly limited, and any substrate that has been conventionally used for an organic EL element can be used.
- a substrate made of glass, transparent plastic, quartz, or the like can be used.
- anode material in the organic EL element a material made of a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound or a mixture thereof having a high work function (4 eV or more) is preferably used.
- electrode materials include metals such as Au, and conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO.
- conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO.
- an amorphous material such as IDIXO (In 2 O 3 —ZnO) that can form a transparent conductive film may be used.
- these electrode materials may be formed into a thin film by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering, and a pattern having a desired shape may be formed by a photolithography method, or the pattern accuracy is not required (about 100 ⁇ m or more). May form a pattern through a mask having a desired shape at the time of vapor deposition or sputtering of the electrode material. Or when using the substance which can be apply
- the transmittance be greater than 10%
- the sheet resistance as the anode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the film thickness depends on the material, it is usually selected in the range of 10 to 1000 nm, preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- the cathode material a material made of a metal having a small work function (4 eV or less) (referred to as an electron injecting metal), an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof is used.
- an electron injecting metal a material made of a metal having a small work function (4 eV or less)
- an alloy a material made of a metal having a small work function (4 eV or less)
- an alloy referred to as an electron injecting metal
- an alloy an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof
- Specific examples of such electrode materials include sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, magnesium / copper mixture, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) Mixtures, indium, lithium / aluminum mixtures, rare earth metals and the like.
- a mixture of an electron injecting metal and a second metal which is a stable metal having a larger work function value than this such as a magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium, from the viewpoint of electron injectability and durability against oxidation, etc.
- a magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium from the viewpoint of electron injectability and durability against oxidation, etc.
- Aluminum mixtures, magnesium / indium mixtures, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) mixtures, lithium / aluminum mixtures, aluminum and the like are preferred.
- the cathode can be produced by forming a thin film of these cathode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the sheet resistance of the cathode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and the film thickness is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 200 nm.
- the light emission luminance is improved, which is convenient.
- a transparent or translucent cathode can be produced by forming the metal as a cathode material with a film thickness of 1 to 20 nm and then forming the conductive transparent material mentioned in the description of the anode thereon. By applying this, an element in which both the anode and the cathode are transmissive can be manufactured.
- the light emitting layer is a layer that emits light after excitons are generated by recombination of holes and electrons injected from the anode and the cathode, respectively.
- the TADF material of the present invention may be used alone, or the TADF material of the present invention may be used together with a host material.
- the TADF material of the present invention is an organic light emitting dopant material.
- Only one type of organic light-emitting dopant material may be contained in the light-emitting layer, or two or more types may be contained.
- the content of the organic light-emitting dopant material is preferably 0.1 to 50 wt%, more preferably 1 to 30 wt% with respect to the host material.
- the IP of the organic light emitting dopant material smaller than the IP of the host material.
- IP can be measured using a photoelectron spectrometer in the atmosphere. Specifically, the measurement is performed by irradiating the material with light and measuring the amount of electrons generated by charge separation.
- the measuring apparatus include a photoelectron spectrometer (AC-3) manufactured by Riken Keiki Co., Ltd.
- the organic light-emitting dopant material in the light-emitting layer preferably has a light emission maximum wavelength in the range of 440 to 470 nm, and more preferably has a light emission maximum wavelength in the range of 450 to 470 nm.
- the host material in the light emitting layer known host materials used in phosphorescent light emitting devices and fluorescent light emitting devices can be used, but it is preferable to use the compound represented by the general formula (2).
- a plurality of host materials may be used in combination. When a plurality of types of host materials are used in combination, it is preferable that at least one type of host material is selected from the compounds represented by the general formula (2).
- the known host material that can be used is a compound having a hole transporting ability and an electron transporting ability and having a high glass transition temperature, and preferably has a larger S1 than the light emitting dopant material.
- Such other host materials are known from a large number of patent documents, and can be selected from them.
- Specific examples of the host material are not particularly limited, but include indole derivatives, carbazole derivatives, indolocarbazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, Various metal complexes represented by metal complexes of styrylanthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, stilbene derivatives, carborane compounds, porphyrin compounds, phthalocyanine derivatives, 8-quinolinol derivatives, metal phthalocyanines, benzoxazole and benzothiazole derivatives, poly ( N-vinylcarbazole) derivatives, aniline copolymers, thiophene oligomers, polythiophene derivatives, polyphenylene derivatives, polyphenylene vinylene derivatives ,
- each host can be deposited from different deposition sources, or multiple types of hosts can be deposited simultaneously from one deposition source by premixing before deposition to form a premix. it can.
- the injection layer is a layer provided between the electrode and the organic layer for lowering the driving voltage and improving the luminance of light emission.
- the injection layer can be provided as necessary.
- the hole blocking layer has a function of an electron transport layer in a broad sense, and is made of a hole blocking material that has a function of transporting electrons and has a remarkably small ability to transport holes. The probability of recombination of electrons and holes in the light emitting layer can be improved by preventing the above.
- a known hole blocking layer material can also be used for the hole blocking layer.
- the electron blocking layer has the function of a hole transport layer in a broad sense. By blocking electrons while transporting holes, the probability of recombination of electrons and holes in the light emitting layer can be improved. .
- the material for the electron blocking layer a known electron blocking layer material can be used, and the material for the hole transport layer described later can be used as necessary.
- the thickness of the electron blocking layer is preferably 3 to 100 nm, more preferably 5 to 30 nm.
- the exciton blocking layer is a layer for preventing excitons generated by recombination of holes and electrons in the light emitting layer from diffusing into the charge transport layer. It becomes possible to efficiently confine in the light emitting layer, and the light emission efficiency of the device can be improved.
- the exciton blocking layer can be inserted between two adjacent light emitting layers in an element in which two or more light emitting layers are adjacent.
- a known exciton blocking layer material can be used as the material for the exciton blocking layer.
- Examples thereof include 1,3-dicarbazolylbenzene (mCP) and bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) -4-phenylphenolatoaluminum (III) (BAlq).
- the hole transport layer is made of a hole transport material having a function of transporting holes, and the hole transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the hole transport material has any of hole injection or transport and electron barrier properties, and may be either organic or inorganic.
- any known compound can be selected and used.
- Examples of such hole transport materials include porphyrin derivatives, arylamine derivatives, triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives and pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives.
- Porphyrin derivatives, arylamine derivatives, and styryl It is preferable to use an amine derivative, and it is more preferable to use an arylamine compound.
- the electron transport layer is made of a material having a function of transporting electrons, and the electron transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- an electron transport material (which may also serve as a hole blocking material), it is sufficient if it has a function of transmitting electrons injected from the cathode to the light emitting layer.
- any known compound can be selected and used.
- polycyclic aromatic derivatives such as naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthroline, tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (III) Derivatives, phosphine oxide derivatives, nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyrandioxide derivatives, carbodiimides, fluorenylidenemethane derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and anthrone derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, quinoline derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, benzimidazoles Derivatives, benzothiazole derivatives, indolocarbazole derivatives and the like.
- the method for forming each layer when producing the organic EL device of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be produced by either a dry process or a wet process.
- Experimental example 1 The fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield of compound 1-17 were measured.
- the compound (1-17) and the compound (2-4) are vapor-deposited from different vapor deposition sources on a quartz substrate by a vacuum vapor deposition method under a vacuum degree of 10 ⁇ 4 Pa or less.
- a co-deposited film having a thickness of 0.0% by weight was formed to a thickness of 100 nm.
- the emission spectrum of this thin film was measured, and light emission having a peak at 469 nm was confirmed. Further, measurement was performed with a small fluorescence lifetime measuring apparatus (Quantaurus-tau manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics Co., Ltd.) under the atmosphere and nitrogen atmosphere, and the transient decay curve shown in FIG. 5 was obtained.
- a small fluorescence lifetime measuring apparatus Quantantaurus-tau manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics Co., Ltd.
- Example 1 Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa by a vacuum deposition method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of ITO having a thickness of 70 nm was formed.
- HAT-CN was formed as a hole injection layer with a thickness of 10 nm on ITO, and then NPD was formed as a hole transport layer with a thickness of 25 nm.
- HT-1 was formed to a thickness of 5 nm as an electron blocking layer.
- the compound (2-12) as a host and the compound (1-17) as a dopant were co-evaporated from different deposition sources to form a light emitting layer with a thickness of 30 nm.
- the co-evaporation was performed under the vapor deposition conditions where the concentration of the compound (1-17) was 15 wt%.
- a compound (2-12) was formed to a thickness of 5 nm as a hole blocking layer.
- ET-1 was formed to a thickness of 40 nm as an electron transport layer.
- lithium fluoride (LiF) was formed to a thickness of 1 nm as an electron injection layer on the electron transport layer.
- aluminum (Al) was formed as a cathode to a thickness of 70 nm on the electron injection layer, and an organic EL device was produced.
- Examples 2 to 6 Comparative Examples 1 to 3 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compounds shown in Table 2 were used as the host and dopant.
- Example 7 Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa by a vacuum deposition method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of ITO having a thickness of 70 nm was formed.
- HAT-CN was formed as a hole injection layer with a thickness of 10 nm on ITO, and then NPD was formed as a hole transport layer with a thickness of 25 nm.
- HT-1 was formed to a thickness of 5 nm as an electron blocking layer.
- the compound (2-15) as a host, the compound (2-4) as a second host, and the compound (1-17) as a dopant are co-evaporated from different deposition sources, and light is emitted to a thickness of 30 nm.
- a layer was formed.
- the co-evaporation was performed under the vapor deposition conditions where the concentration of the compound (1-17) was 15 wt% and the weight ratio of the host to the second host was 50:50.
- a compound (2-12) was formed to a thickness of 5 nm as a hole blocking layer.
- ET-1 was formed to a thickness of 40 nm as an electron transport layer.
- lithium fluoride (LiF) was formed to a thickness of 1 nm as an electron injection layer on the electron transport layer.
- aluminum (Al) was formed as a cathode to a thickness of 70 nm on the electron injection layer, and an organic EL device was produced.
- the compounds used as dopant, host and second host are shown in Table 2.
- Table 3 shows the maximum wavelength, luminance, driving voltage, luminous efficiency, and lifetime of the emission spectrum of the produced organic EL device.
- the maximum wavelength, brightness, drive voltage, and light emission efficiency are values when the drive current density is 2.5 mA / cm 2 and are initial characteristics.
- the lifetime was measured as the time required for the luminance to decay to 95% of the initial luminance at an initial luminance of 500 cd / m 2 .
- the organic EL device using the TADF material represented by the general formula (1) as a luminescent dopant has a lower driving voltage and good luminous efficiency compared to the case where TD-1, which is a known TADF material, is used. It can be seen that it has excellent life characteristics. Furthermore, when using indolocarbazole compound-based TD-2 and TD-3, which are known TADF materials, the emission wavelength is a short wavelength, and the organic EL device should have better color purity. Recognize.
- the organic EL element of the present invention has a low driving voltage, a high luminous efficiency and a long lifetime, and can be used for a portable device display, an organic EL display such as a TV, and an organic EL illumination.
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Abstract
Description
近年では、燐光型有機EL素子の長寿命化技術が進展し、携帯電話等のディスプレイへ応用されつつある。しかしながら青色の有機EL素子に関しては、実用的な燐光発光型の有機EL素子は開発されておらず、高効率であり、且つ長寿命な青色有機EL素子の開発が求められている。
上記ホスト材料としては、下記一般式(2)で表される化合物がある。
置換基D1及びD2は式(1a)で表される含窒素複素環であり、D1及びD2は同一であっても、異なってもよい。
式(1a)中の環Yは、式(1a-1)、(1a-2)、又は(1a-3)で表される環構造である。d、g、h、及びiは、環Yが隣接するピロール環と縮合する辺を示す。環Yが(1a-2)である場合、環Yはdの位置で縮合し、環Yが(1a-3)である場合、環Yはg、h、iのいずれかの位置で縮合する。環Yが(1a-1)である場合、ベンゼン環のいずれかの位置で縮合する。
好ましくは、D1及びD2の少なくとも一方の式(1a)の環Yが式(1a-2)又は式(1a-3)で表される環構造である。より好ましくは、式(1a-3)であり、更に好ましくは式(1a-3)におけるX2がN-R6である環構造である。
a、b、c、eは独立に、0~4の整数を表し、好ましくは0~2の整数であり、より好ましくは0~1の整数である。fは0~2の整数を表し、好ましくは0~1の整数である。
一般式(2)において、Lはp価の基であり、ベンゼン、ジベンゾフラン、ジベンゾチオフェン、カルボラン、又はこれらの環が2~3個連結した連結化合物から生じるp価の基である。ここで、連結化合物は、ベンゼン、ジベンゾフラン、ジベンゾチオフェン又はカルボランの環が、直接結合で連結した構造の化合物であり、Ar-Ar、Ar-Ar-Ar、又はAr-Ar(Ar)で表される。ここで、Arは、ベンゼン、ジベンゾフラン、ジベンゾチオフェン又はカルボランの環であり、複数のArは同一であっても、異なってもよい。好ましい連結化合物としては、ベンゼン環が2又は3連結した化合物であるビフェニル又はターフェニルが挙げられる。
S1[eV] = 1239.85/λedge (i)
本発明の有機EL素子は、基板に支持されていることが好ましい。この基板については特に制限はなく、従来から有機EL素子に用いられているものであれば良く、例えばガラス、透明プラスチック、石英等からなるものを用いることができる。
有機EL素子における陽極材料としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物又はこれらの混合物からなる材料が好ましく用いられる。このような電極材料の具体例としてはAu等の金属、CuI、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等の導電性透明材料が挙げられる。また、IDIXO(In2O3-ZnO)等の非晶質で、透明導電膜を作成可能な材料を用いてもよい。陽極はこれらの電極材料を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により、薄膜を形成させ、フォトリソグラフィー法で所望の形状のパターンを形成しても良く、あるいはパターン精度をあまり必要としない場合(100μm以上程度)は、上記電極材料の蒸着やスパッタリング時に所望の形状のマスクを介してパターンを形成してもよい。あるいは有機導電性化合物のような塗布可能な物質を用いる場合には印刷方式、コーティング方式等湿式成膜法を用いることもできる。この陽極側より発光を取り出す場合には、透過率を10%より大きくすることが望ましく、また陽極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましい。膜厚は材料にもよるが、通常10~1000nm、好ましくは10~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。
一方、陰極材料としては仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する)、合金、電気伝導性化合物又はこれらの混合物からなる材料が用いられる。このような電極材料の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム―カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。これらの中で、電子注入性及び酸化等に対する耐久性の点から、電子注入性金属とこれより仕事関数の値が大きく安定な金属である第二金属との混合物、例えばマグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、アルミニウム等が好適である。陰極はこれらの陰極材料を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により薄膜を形成させることにより、作製することができる。また、陰極としてシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましく、膜厚は通常10nm~5μm、好ましくは50~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。なお、発光した光を透過させるため、有機EL素子の陽極又は陰極のいずれか一方が透明又は半透明であれば発光輝度は向上し、好都合である。
発光層は陽極及び陰極のそれぞれから注入された正孔及び電子が再結合することにより励起子が生成した後、発光する層である。発光層には、本発明のTADF材料を単独で使用しても良いし、本発明のTADF材料をホスト材料と共に使用してもよい。ホスト材料と共に使用する場合は、本発明のTADF材料は、有機発光性ドーパント材料となる。
注入層とは、駆動電圧低下や発光輝度向上のために電極と有機層間に設けられる層のことで、正孔注入層と電子注入層があり、陽極と発光層又は正孔輸送層の間、及び陰極と発光層又は電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。注入層は必要に応じて設けることができる。
正孔阻止層とは広い意味では電子輸送層の機能を有し、電子を輸送する機能を有しつつ正孔を輸送する能力が著しく小さい正孔阻止材料からなり、電子を輸送しつつ正孔を阻止することで発光層中での電子と正孔の再結合確率を向上させることができる。
電子阻止層とは広い意味では正孔輸送層の機能を有し、正孔を輸送しつつ電子を阻止することで発光層中での電子と正孔が再結合する確率を向上させることができる。
励起子阻止層とは、発光層内で正孔と電子が再結合することにより生じた励起子が電荷輸送層に拡散することを阻止するための層であり、本層の挿入により励起子を効率的に発光層内に閉じ込めることが可能となり、素子の発光効率を向上させることができる。励起子阻止層は2つ以上の発光層が隣接する素子において、隣接する2つの発光層の間に挿入することができる。
正孔輸送層とは正孔を輸送する機能を有する正孔輸送材料からなり、正孔輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
電子輸送層とは電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、電子輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
APCI-TOFMS m/z 599 [M+1]、1H-NMR 測定結果(測定溶媒:THF-d8)を図2に示す。
APCI-TOFMS m/z 599 [M+1]、1H-NMR 測定結果(測定溶媒:THF-d8)を図3に示す。
APCI-TOFMS m/z 764 [M+1]、1H-NMR 測定結果(測定溶媒:THF-d8)を図4に示す。
化合物1-17の蛍光寿命及び量子収率を測定した。石英基板上に真空蒸着法にて、真空度10-4Pa以下の条件にて化合物(1-17)と化合物(2-4)を異なる蒸着源から蒸着し、化合物1-17の濃度が5.0重量%である共蒸着膜を100nmの厚さで形成した。この薄膜の発光スペクトルを測定し、469nmをピークとする発光が確認された。また、大気下と窒素雰囲気下で小型蛍光寿命測定装置(浜松ホトニクス(株)製Quantaurus-tau)による測定を行い、図5に示す過渡減衰曲線を得た。大気下では、励起寿命が9.1nsの蛍光が観測され、窒素雰囲気下では、励起寿命が9.1nsの蛍光と478.9μsの遅延蛍光が観測された。さらに大気下と窒素雰囲気下でフォトルミネッセンス量子効率を絶対PL量子収率測定装置(浜松ホトニクス(株)製Quantaurus-QY)により励起波長300nmで測定したところ、大気下が44%であり、窒素雰囲気下が50%であった。
膜厚70nmのITOからなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-5Paで積層した。まず、ITO上に正孔注入層としてHAT-CNを10nmの厚さに形成し、次に正孔輸送層としてNPDを25nmの厚さに形成した。次に、電子阻止層としてHT-1を5nmの厚さに形成した。そして、ホストとして化合物(2-12)を、ドーパントとして化合物(1-17)をそれぞれ異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、30nmの厚さに発光層を形成した。この時、化合物(1-17)の濃度が15wt%となる蒸着条件で共蒸着した。次に、正孔阻止層として化合物(2-12)を5nmの厚さに形成した。次に電子輸送層としてET-1を40nmの厚さに形成した。更に、電子輸送層上に電子注入層としてフッ化リチウム(LiF)を1nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、陰極としてアルミニウム(Al)を70nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作製した。
ホスト及びドーパントを表2に示す化合物とした他は、実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
膜厚70nmのITOからなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-5Paで積層した。まず、ITO上に正孔注入層としてHAT-CNを10nmの厚さに形成し、次に正孔輸送層としてNPDを25nmの厚さに形成した。次に、電子阻止層としてHT-1を5nmの厚さに形成した。次に、ホストとして化合物(2-15)を、第2ホストとして化合物(2-4)を、そしてドーパントとして化合物(1-17)をそれぞれ異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、30nmの厚さに発光層を形成した。この時、化合物(1-17)の濃度が15wt%、ホストと第2ホストの重量比が50:50となる蒸着条件で共蒸着した。次に、正孔阻止層として化合物(2-12)を5nmの厚さに形成した。次に電子輸送層としてET-1を40nmの厚さに形成した。更に、電子輸送層上に電子注入層としてフッ化リチウム(LiF)を1nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、陰極としてアルミニウム(Al)を70nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作製した。
Claims (11)
- 対向する陽極と陰極の間に1つ以上の発光層を含む有機電界発光素子において、少なくとも1つの発光層が、下記一般式(1)で表される熱活性化遅延蛍光材料を含有することを特徴とする有機電界発光素子。
(ここで、D1及びD2は独立に式(1a)で表される含窒素複素環であり、式(1a)中の環Yは、式(1a-1)、(1a-2)、及び(1a-3)のいずれかである。環Yが(1a-2)である場合、環Yはdの位置で縮合し、環Yが(1a-3)である場合、環Yはg、h、又はiの位置で縮合する。X1及びX2は独立にO、S、又はN-R6を表す。R1~R6は独立に、炭素数1~8の脂肪族炭化水素基、炭素数6~10の芳香族炭化水素基、又は炭素数3~12の芳香族複素環基を表す。Aは、シアノ基、ニトロ基、トリフルオロメチル基、塩素、又はフッ素を表す。a、b、c、及びeは、独立に0~4の整数を表し、fは0~2の整数を表す。) - Aがシアノ基であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- D1及びD2の少なくとも一方の式(1a)の環Yが、式(1a-2)又は(1a-3)で表されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 環Yが式(1a-3)で表されることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 式(1a-3)におけるX2がN-R6である請求項4に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 前記熱活性化遅延蛍光材料を含有する発光層が、ホスト材料を含有することを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の有機電界発光素子。
- ホスト材料が、第1ホストと、第1ホストよりも一重項励起エネルギー(S1)が大きい化合物から選ばれる第2ホストを含み、第1ホストと第2ホストの少なくとも1つは前記一般式(2)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 一般式(2)で表されるホスト材料を少なくとも2種類含有することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 前記熱活性化遅延蛍光材料のイオン化ポテンシャルが、ホスト材料のイオン化ポテンシャルよりも小さいことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 前記熱活性化遅延蛍光材料の発光波長が440~470nmの範囲に発光極大波長を有する請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
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2016
- 2016-11-28 JP JP2017558893A patent/JP6869896B2/ja active Active
- 2016-11-28 EP EP16881576.9A patent/EP3399566B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2016-11-28 KR KR1020187019276A patent/KR102659607B1/ko active Active
- 2016-11-28 US US16/063,156 patent/US11818950B2/en active Active
- 2016-11-28 WO PCT/JP2016/085114 patent/WO2017115596A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2016-11-28 CN CN201680076418.8A patent/CN108475732B/zh active Active
- 2016-12-08 TW TW105140670A patent/TWI697497B/zh active
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11374178B2 (en) | 2017-03-23 | 2022-06-28 | Nippon Steel Chemical & Material Co., Ltd. | Organic electroluminescent element |
| JPWO2018173593A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-23 | 2020-01-23 | 日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル株式会社 | 有機電界発光素子 |
| JP6998366B2 (ja) | 2017-03-23 | 2022-01-18 | 日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル株式会社 | 有機電界発光素子 |
| WO2018173593A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-23 | 2018-09-27 | 新日鉄住金化学株式会社 | 有機電界発光素子 |
| WO2019171891A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-07 | 2019-09-12 | 日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル株式会社 | 有機電界発光素子 |
| KR20200129097A (ko) * | 2018-03-07 | 2020-11-17 | 닛테츠 케미컬 앤드 머티리얼 가부시키가이샤 | 유기 전계 발광 소자 |
| JPWO2019171891A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-07 | 2021-05-13 | 日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル株式会社 | 有機電界発光素子 |
| EP3764413A4 (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2021-12-08 | NIPPON STEEL Chemical & Material Co., Ltd. | ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT ELEMENT |
| JP7332577B2 (ja) | 2018-03-07 | 2023-08-23 | 日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル株式会社 | 有機電界発光素子 |
| KR102691086B1 (ko) * | 2018-03-07 | 2024-08-01 | 닛테츠 케미컬 앤드 머티리얼 가부시키가이샤 | 유기 전계 발광 소자 |
| US12185624B2 (en) | 2018-03-07 | 2024-12-31 | Nippon Steel Chemical & Material Co., Ltd. | Organic electroluminescent element |
| EP3587423A1 (en) | 2018-06-27 | 2020-01-01 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Organic compounds and an organic electroluminescence device comprising the same |
| EP3651225A1 (en) | 2018-11-09 | 2020-05-13 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Novel organic compounds and an organic electroluminescence device comprising the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3399566A4 (en) | 2019-09-11 |
| US20180366656A1 (en) | 2018-12-20 |
| KR102659607B1 (ko) | 2024-04-22 |
| JPWO2017115596A1 (ja) | 2018-11-29 |
| TWI697497B (zh) | 2020-07-01 |
| US11818950B2 (en) | 2023-11-14 |
| TW201741312A (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
| CN108475732A (zh) | 2018-08-31 |
| EP3399566B1 (en) | 2022-07-27 |
| JP6869896B2 (ja) | 2021-05-12 |
| KR20180099713A (ko) | 2018-09-05 |
| EP3399566A1 (en) | 2018-11-07 |
| CN108475732B (zh) | 2020-08-14 |
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