WO2017110404A1 - キャリア付銅箔、樹脂付銅箔、及びプリント配線板の製造方法 - Google Patents
キャリア付銅箔、樹脂付銅箔、及びプリント配線板の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017110404A1 WO2017110404A1 PCT/JP2016/085746 JP2016085746W WO2017110404A1 WO 2017110404 A1 WO2017110404 A1 WO 2017110404A1 JP 2016085746 W JP2016085746 W JP 2016085746W WO 2017110404 A1 WO2017110404 A1 WO 2017110404A1
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- carrier
- layer
- copper foil
- resin
- silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/46—Manufacturing multilayer circuits
- H05K3/4644—Manufacturing multilayer circuits by building the multilayer layer by layer, i.e. build-up multilayer circuits
- H05K3/4682—Manufacture of core-less build-up multilayer circuits on a temporary carrier or on a metal foil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/0005—Separation of the coating from the substrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0605—Carbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/20—Metallic material, boron or silicon on organic substrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/20—Metallic material, boron or silicon on organic substrates
- C23C14/205—Metallic material, boron or silicon on organic substrates by cathodic sputtering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/35—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1646—Characteristics of the product obtained
- C23C18/165—Multilayered product
- C23C18/1653—Two or more layers with at least one layer obtained by electroless plating and one layer obtained by electroplating
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/1851—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of surfaces of non-metallic or semiconducting in organic material
- C23C18/1872—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of surfaces of non-metallic or semiconducting in organic material by chemical pretreatment
- C23C18/1875—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of surfaces of non-metallic or semiconducting in organic material by chemical pretreatment only one step pretreatment
- C23C18/1882—Use of organic or inorganic compounds other than metals, e.g. activation, sensitisation with polymers
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/322—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer only coatings of metal elements only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/02—Electroplating of selected surface areas
- C25D5/022—Electroplating of selected surface areas using masking means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/0296—Conductive pattern lay-out details not covered by sub groups H05K1/02 - H05K1/0295
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/03—Use of materials for the substrate
- H05K1/0313—Organic insulating material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
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- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/0011—Working of insulating substrates or insulating layers
- H05K3/0017—Etching of the substrate by chemical or physical means
- H05K3/0026—Etching of the substrate by chemical or physical means by laser ablation
- H05K3/0032—Etching of the substrate by chemical or physical means by laser ablation of organic insulating material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/02—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding
- H05K3/06—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding the conductive material being removed chemically or electrolytically, e.g. by photo-etch process
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- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/46—Manufacturing multilayer circuits
- H05K3/4644—Manufacturing multilayer circuits by building the multilayer layer by layer, i.e. build-up multilayer circuits
- H05K3/4652—Adding a circuit layer by laminating a metal foil or a preformed metal foil pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/38—Coating with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D1/00—Electroforming
- C25D1/04—Wires; Strips; Foils
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- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/01—Dielectrics
- H05K2201/0137—Materials
- H05K2201/0145—Polyester, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET], polyethylene naphthalate [PEN]
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- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/01—Dielectrics
- H05K2201/0137—Materials
- H05K2201/0154—Polyimide
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- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/03—Conductive materials
- H05K2201/032—Materials
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- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/03—Conductive materials
- H05K2201/0332—Structure of the conductor
- H05K2201/0335—Layered conductors or foils
- H05K2201/0338—Layered conductor, e.g. layered metal substrate, layered finish layer or layered thin film adhesion layer
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- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
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- H05K2201/03—Conductive materials
- H05K2201/0332—Structure of the conductor
- H05K2201/0335—Layered conductors or foils
- H05K2201/0355—Metal foils
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- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/09—Shape and layout
- H05K2201/09209—Shape and layout details of conductors
- H05K2201/095—Conductive through-holes or vias
- H05K2201/09509—Blind vias, i.e. vias having one side closed
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- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/01—Tools for processing; Objects used during processing
- H05K2203/0147—Carriers and holders
- H05K2203/0156—Temporary polymeric carrier or foil, e.g. for processing or transferring
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- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/07—Treatments involving liquids, e.g. plating, rinsing
- H05K2203/0703—Plating
- H05K2203/072—Electroless plating, e.g. finish plating or initial plating
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- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/10—Using electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields; Using laser light
- H05K2203/107—Using laser light
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- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
- H05K3/108—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern by semi-additive methods; masks therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a copper foil with a carrier, a copper foil with a resin, and a printed wiring board.
- the MSAP method is a method suitable for forming an extremely fine circuit, and is performed using a copper foil with a carrier in order to take advantage of the feature.
- a primer layer 119 is used on a resin substrate having an ultrathin copper layer 118 of a copper foil with a carrier and a resin layer 122 on a core layer 124 having an inner conductor 126. Then, the substrate is pressed and brought into close contact, and the carrier (not shown) is peeled off (step (a)).
- a via hole 128 is formed by laser processing, and desmear processing is performed in the via hole 128 (step (b)).
- electroless copper plating 130 step (c)
- masking with a predetermined pattern by exposure and development using a photoresist 131 step (d)
- electrolytic copper plating 132 step (step (c)).
- step (f) After removing the photoresist 131 to form the wiring portion 132a (step (f)), unnecessary ultrathin copper foil or the like between the adjacent wiring portions 132a is removed by flash etching over the entire thickness (step (step (f)).
- g) a wiring 134 formed in a predetermined pattern is obtained.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 4726855 discloses a copper foil with a carrier sheet having a copper foil layer on the surface of a carrier sheet via a bonding interface layer, and the bonding interface layer is formed by physical vapor deposition.
- the copper foil layer is formed by forming a first copper layer having a thickness of 10 nm to 300 nm by physical vapor deposition on the bonding interface layer, and further by electrolysis. It is disclosed that it was obtained by forming two copper layers. Further, in this document, the metal layer constituting the bonding interface layer is a layer composed of any one of tantalum, niobium, zirconium, nickel, chromium, titanium, iron, silicon, molybdenum, vanadium, and tungsten. It is described that it is possible. According to the copper foil with a carrier disclosed in Patent Document 1, even if a pressing temperature exceeding 300 ° C. is applied, the carrier foil layer and the copper foil layer can be stably peeled off industrially. It can be achieved.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2015-157472 discloses a copper foil with a release film in which a copper layer is provided on the release layer of the release film, and the release layer has a film side. It is described that a metal layer and a carbon layer are formed in this order.
- aluminum, zinc, titanium, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, germanium, platinum, gold, and lead are described as preferable examples of the metal layer, while polyimide as a preferable example of the polymer constituting the film.
- Polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, syndiotactic polystyrene film, aromatic polyamide film, modified polyphenylene ether film, fluorine-based film, and liquid crystal polymer film are described.
- the MSAP method as described above has the following problems.
- the desmear treatment or electroless plating process especially soft etching
- the ultra-thin copper layer is Etching is likely to cause pinholes and may lead to chipping of the wiring pattern. For this reason, it is convenient if laser processing and desmear treatment can be performed in a state where carriers are stacked, and then the carriers can be peeled off.
- this is a technique for consistently performing laser drilling and desmear treatment on the laminate for each carrier.
- the carrier is a metal carrier such as a copper foil
- the laser processing requires a considerably high energy.
- L / S line / space
- a via hole diameter of 50 ⁇ m or less a high energy laser is advantageous because it has a short wavelength.
- the via hole shape is difficult to be as designed due to the high energy, and the via hole diameter accuracy is inferior, that is, the laser processability is inferior.
- the via hole is formed by laser drilling with high energy, the energy of the laser beam is too strong and penetrates the inner layer conductor, so that it is difficult to stably form the bottomed via. Therefore, it is conceivable to use a resin carrier instead of a metal carrier from the viewpoints of improving laser processability and further improving mass productivity and throughput.
- Patent Document 2 a wide variety of resin carriers are known as listed in Patent Document 2, but many of them are made of a resin having low heat resistance, and are deteriorated by heating during press bonding with a base material. As a result, cracks and the like are generated.
- the resin carrier itself does not have desmear resistance and dissolves and deforms in the desmear process, and even if the resin carrier itself is stable in the desmear process, there is a problem that the resin carrier floats from the release layer after the desmear process.
- the present inventors have recently made a circuit forming process in which a carrier is peeled after laser processing and desmear treatment by constituting the carrier with a specific resin and making the peeling layer into a two-layer structure of a silicon layer and a carbon layer.
- the knowledge that a copper foil with a carrier suitable especially can be provided was acquired. Specifically, it is possible to provide a carrier-attached copper foil excellent in carrier heat press resistance (heat resistance), laser processability, carrier corrosion resistance in desmear treatment, corrosion resistance of a release layer in desmear treatment, and carrier peel strength. Obtained knowledge.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a carrier-attached copper foil particularly suitable for a circuit formation process in which a carrier is peeled after laser processing and desmear processing, that is, carrier heat-pressing resistance (heat resistance), laser processing property,
- An object of the present invention is to provide a copper foil with a carrier excellent in corrosion resistance, corrosion resistance of a release layer in desmear treatment, and carrier peel strength.
- the present invention is composed of at least one resin selected from polyethylene naphthalate resin (PEN), polyether sulfone resin (PES), polyimide resin (PI), and polyphenylene sulfide resin (PPS).
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate resin
- PES polyether sulfone resin
- PI polyimide resin
- PPS polyphenylene sulfide resin
- the carrier-attached copper foil A resin composition layer provided on the ultrathin copper layer of the copper foil with carrier; A copper foil with resin is provided.
- the resin layer and the carrier-attached copper foil are sequentially laminated on at least one surface of the core layer, or the resin-attached copper foil is laminated to form a laminate with a carrier.
- the carrier-attached copper foil 10 of the present invention includes a carrier 12, a silicon layer 14, a carbon layer 16, and an ultrathin copper layer 18 in this order.
- the carrier 12 is composed of at least one resin selected from polyethylene naphthalate resin (PEN), polyether sulfone resin (PES), polyimide resin (PI), and polyphenylene sulfide resin (PPS).
- the silicon layer 14 is a layer that is provided on the carrier 12 and mainly contains silicon.
- the carbon layer 16 is provided on the silicon layer 14 and is a layer mainly containing carbon.
- the silicon layer 14 and the carbon layer 16 constitute a two-layer peeling layer.
- the ultrathin copper layer 18 is a layer made of copper provided on the carbon layer 16.
- a silicon-based adhesion layer 20 may be further provided on the ultrathin copper layer 18 as necessary.
- the copper foil with carrier 10 is publicly known except that the above-described film made of the specific resin (hereinafter referred to as a resin film) is used as the carrier 12 and the silicon layer 14 and the carbon layer 16 are used as the release layer.
- the layer structure is not particularly limited as long as it is adopted.
- the carrier 12 is made of a specific resin, and the peeling layer has a two-layer structure of the silicon layer 14 and the carbon layer 16, so that it is particularly suitable for a circuit forming process for peeling the carrier 12 after laser processing and desmearing.
- a suitable copper foil with a carrier can be provided. Specifically, to provide a copper foil with a carrier excellent in heat press resistance (heat resistance) of the carrier 12, laser workability, carrier corrosion resistance in desmear treatment, corrosion resistance of a release layer in desmear treatment, and carrier peel strength. Can do.
- FIG. 2 conceptually shows a state after laser processing and desmear treatment of a laminated body with a carrier using the copper foil with carrier 10 of the present invention.
- the carrier-attached copper foil 10 of the present invention is obtained by laminating a resin layer 22 and a carrier-attached copper foil 10 on a core layer 24 having an inner layer conductor 26 on the surface, and attaching a carrier 12.
- the via hole 28 is formed by laser processing.
- a desmear treatment step of removing smear by bringing the permanganate solution into contact with the via hole 28 is performed.
- this laser processing and desmear treatment are normally performed, as shown in FIG. 2, there is no abnormal dissolution of each layer, and there is no adhesion failure of each layer.
- FIG. 6 conceptually shows an example of an undesirable state after laser processing and desmear treatment of a laminated body with a carrier using a carrier-attached copper foil outside the scope of the present invention.
- the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 corresponds to an example in which both the resin carrier and the release layer adopt a configuration different from that of the present invention, and the same components as those in FIG.
- the carrier, the first interface layer, and the second interface layer, which are constituent members of different materials, are assigned with different numbers 13, 15, and 17, respectively.
- the following two problems are typically assumed.
- (I) Dissolution of the carrier (refer to the portion indicated by A in FIG.
- the ultrathin copper layer 18 at the shoulder portion of the via hole 28 disappears in the pretreatment step (soft etching) of electroless copper plating.
- the via hole 28 formed in a state where the ultrathin copper layer 18 as the power feeding layer is missing in this way no electroplating is deposited on the via land portion (which forms a part of the upper wiring layer), or the via hole 28 is extremely thin with the resin layer 22. There is a risk that problems such as poor adhesion with the copper layer 18 may occur.
- a polyethylene naphthalate resin (PEN), a polyether sulfone resin (PES), a polyimide resin (PI), and a polyphenylene sulfide resin As the carrier 12, a polyethylene naphthalate resin (PEN), a polyether sulfone resin (PES), a polyimide resin (PI), and a polyphenylene sulfide resin.
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate resin
- PES polyether sulfone resin
- PI polyimide resin
- a polyphenylene sulfide resin a polyphenylene sulfide resin.
- the specific resin is excellent in heat resistance (for example, heat resistance at 220 ° C., preferably 230 ° C., more preferably 260 ° C.) and chemical resistance.
- the carrier 12 is made of a resin, it is remarkably superior in laser processability (that is, the via hole diameter accuracy is higher) than a metal carrier.
- the combination of the carrier 12 made of the specific resin and the two-layered release layer that is, the silicon layer 14 and the carbon layer 16 is difficult to peel off during laser processing or desmear treatment, and peels off after desmear treatment. A very convenient carrier peel strength can be realized.
- the carrier 12 is at least one selected from polyethylene naphthalate resin (PEN), polyether sulfone resin (PES), polyimide resin (PI), and polyphenylene sulfide resin (PPS) in that it can provide excellent heat resistance. Consists of a seed resin. Preferably, they are polyether sulfone resin (PES), polyphenylene sulfide resin (PPS), and combinations thereof in that they have both heat resistance and corrosion resistance.
- a typical form of the carrier 12 is a film or sheet. The thickness of the carrier is preferably 10 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 15 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the carrier 12 When the thickness is within such a range, the carrier 12 can be easily handled and damage due to heat during film formation is small, while a highly accurate via hole can be easily formed by laser processing. Further, at least the surface of the carrier 12 on the ultrathin copper layer 18 side has an arithmetic average roughness Ra measured in accordance with JIS B 0601-2001 of 5 nm to 100 nm. This is preferable in that the smoothness of the thin copper layer 18 is maintained. In addition, when measuring arithmetic average roughness Ra in such a smooth surface, it is preferable to employ
- the silicon layer 14 is a layer mainly containing silicon.
- the silicon constituting the silicon layer 14 is typically amorphous silicon.
- the silicon layer 14 preferably has a silicon concentration measured by XPS of 60 atom% or more, more preferably 70 atom% or more, further preferably 80 atom% or more, particularly preferably 85 atom% or more, and most preferably 90 atom%. It is at least atomic percent.
- the upper limit value of the silicon concentration is not particularly limited and may be 100 atomic%, but 98 atomic% or less is realistic.
- the silicon layer may further include carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, or combinations thereof.
- the silicon-based material constituting the silicon layer 14 includes B (boron), P (phosphorus), Al (aluminum), Sb (antimony), As (arsenic), etc., which are inevitable impurities caused by raw material components and film forming processes. May be included. For example, when a small amount of a conductive dopant such as boron for enabling DC sputtering is added to the sputtering target, such a dopant is allowed to be mixed. Further, the silicon-based adhesion layer may contain other dopants within a range not departing from the gist of the present invention. In addition, since the silicon film is exposed to the atmosphere, the presence of oxygen mixed therein is allowed.
- the silicon layer 14 is preferably a layer formed by a vapor phase method such as sputtering.
- the silicon layer 14 is preferably a layer formed by a vapor phase method such as a DC sputtering method using a boron-doped silicon target.
- the silicon layer 14 preferably has a thickness of 1 to 50 nm, more preferably 3 to 20 nm, still more preferably 5 to 15 nm, and most preferably 8 to 12 nm. This thickness is a value measured by analyzing the cross section of the layer with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (TEM-EDX) of a transmission electron microscope.
- TEM-EDX energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer
- the carbon layer 16 is a layer mainly containing carbon, preferably a layer mainly made of carbon or hydrocarbon, more preferably amorphous carbon which is a hard carbon film.
- the carbon layer 16 preferably has a carbon concentration measured by XPS of 60 atomic% or more, more preferably 70 atomic% or more, still more preferably 80 atomic% or more, and particularly preferably 85 atomic% or more.
- the upper limit value of the carbon concentration is not particularly limited, and may be 100 atomic%, but 98 atomic% or less is realistic.
- the carbon layer 16 may contain inevitable impurities (for example, oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, etc. derived from the surrounding environment such as the atmosphere).
- copper atoms can be mixed into the carbon layer 16 due to the method of forming the ultrathin copper layer 18.
- Carbon has low interdiffusion and reactivity with carriers, and prevents metal bonds from forming due to high-temperature heating between the copper foil layer and the bonding interface even when subjected to press processing at temperatures exceeding 300 ° C.
- the combination with the silicon layer 14 improves the straightness of the outer edge of the wiring pattern when used in the production of a printed wiring board as described above, and at the manufacturing stage between the ultrathin copper layer and the carrier. This contributes to the realization of appropriate adhesion and ease of peeling.
- the carbon layer 16 is also a layer formed by a vapor phase method such as sputtering from the viewpoint of suppressing excessive impurities in the amorphous carbon and the continuous productivity with the formation of the silicon layer 14 described above.
- the thickness of the carbon layer is preferably 0.1 to 10 nm. This thickness is a value measured by analyzing the cross section of the layer with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (TEM-EDX) of a transmission electron microscope.
- the ultrathin copper layer 18 may be manufactured by any method, for example, wet film formation methods such as electroless copper plating and electrolytic copper plating, physical vapor deposition methods such as sputtering and vacuum deposition, It may be a copper foil formed by vapor deposition or a combination thereof.
- a particularly preferable ultrathin copper layer is a copper layer formed by a sputtering method or a vapor phase method such as vacuum deposition from the viewpoint of easily adapting to a fine pitch by ultrathinning, and most preferably manufactured by a sputtering method. Copper layer.
- the ultra-thin copper layer is preferably a non-roughened copper layer, but pre-roughening, soft etching treatment, cleaning treatment, oxidation treatment, as long as it does not hinder the formation of wiring patterns during printed wiring board production.
- the secondary roughening may be caused by the reduction treatment.
- the thickness of the ultrathin copper layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 to 2500 nm, more preferably 75 to 2000 nm, still more preferably 90 to 1500 nm, particularly preferably in order to cope with the fine pitch as described above. It is 100 to 1000 nm, most preferably 100 to 700 nm, 150 to 800 nm, or 200 to 1000 nm.
- An ultrathin copper layer having a thickness in such a range is preferably manufactured by sputtering from the viewpoint of in-plane uniformity of film thickness and productivity in the form of a sheet or a roll.
- the surface of the ultrathin copper layer 18 opposite to the carbon layer 16 is measured in accordance with JIS B 0601-2001, and has an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 0.2 to 100 nm. More preferably, it is 1.0 to 50 nm, more preferably 3.0 to 35 nm, particularly preferably 4.0 to 30 nm, and most preferably 5.0 to 25 nm.
- the line / space (L / S) is 13 ⁇ m or less / 13 ⁇ m or less (for example, 12 ⁇ m / 12 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m / 1 ⁇ m) as the arithmetic average roughness is smaller. It is suitable for forming a highly miniaturized wiring pattern to such a degree.
- a silicon-based adhesion layer 20 may be further provided on the ultrathin copper layer 18.
- the silicon-based adhesion layer 20 is a layer containing silicon, and is preferably a layer mainly containing silicon.
- the silicon constituting the silicon-based adhesion layer 20 is typically amorphous silicon.
- the silicon-based adhesion layer 20 has a silicon concentration measured by XPS of 60 to 98 atomic%, a carbon concentration of 1.0 to 35.0 atomic%, and an oxygen concentration of 1.0 to 40.0 atomic%. Is preferred.
- the resin By forming the silicon-based adhesion layer 20 having the above carbon concentration and / or the above oxygen concentration on at least one surface of the copper foil, the resin can be used even on a very flat copper foil surface formed by a vapor deposition method such as sputtering. High adhesion strength with the layer can be realized.
- the silicon-based adhesion layer 20 having the above composition can also realize a desirable insulation resistance suitable for fine pitching of the printed wiring board, thereby causing leakage between wirings in the fine pitch wiring pattern. Generation of current can be prevented or reduced. Carbon atoms and oxygen atoms in the silicon-based adhesion layer are typically bonded to silicon atoms.
- the silicon-based material constituting the silicon-based adhesion layer may contain inevitable impurities that are inevitably mixed due to raw material components, film formation processes, and the like.
- a conductive dopant such as boron for enabling DC sputtering
- the silicon-based adhesion layer may contain other dopants within a range not departing from the gist of the present invention.
- the presence of oxygen mixed therein is allowed.
- the carbon concentration of the silicon-based adhesion layer 20 is preferably 1.0 to 35.0 atomic percent, more preferably 5.0 to 34.0 atomic when measured by XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). %, Particularly preferably 10.0 to 30.0 atomic%, most preferably 12.0 to 30.0 atomic%.
- the oxygen concentration of the silicon-based adhesion layer is preferably 12.0 to 40.0 atomic%, more preferably 15.0 to 35.0 atomic%, and still more preferably 20.30% when measured by XPS. 0 to 30.0 atomic percent, most preferably 22.0 to 28.0 atomic percent. When the carbon concentration and the oxygen concentration are within the above ranges, the adhesion with the resin layer and the insulation resistance can be significantly improved.
- oxygen atoms are present in the silicon-based adhesion layer to some extent, it contributes to the insulation resistance.
- the adhesion to the resin layer can be reduced.
- carbon atoms also exist in the silicon-based adhesion layer to some extent, thereby contributing to improvement in adhesion and insulation resistance.
- the silicon concentration, carbon concentration, and oxygen concentration of the silicon layer 14, the carbon layer 16, and the silicon-based adhesion layer 20 are measured by XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy).
- the measurement by XPS can be performed from the silicon layer 14, the carbon layer 16, or the silicon-based adhesion layer 20 immediately after film formation.
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- the silicon layer 14, the carbon layer 16 or the silicon-based adhesion layer 20 is provided in the form of a carrier-attached copper foil or a laminate with a carrier produced using the carrier, a printed wiring board or an electronic component, if present.
- the silicon layer 14, the carbon layer 16 or the silicon-based adhesion layer 20 is provided. By exposing by processing or the like, it is possible to perform the above-described concentration measurement and confirmation of the binding state.
- the silicon-based adhesion layer 20 preferably has a thickness of 0.1 to 100 nm, more preferably 2 to 100 nm, still more preferably 2 to 20 nm, and particularly preferably 4 to 10 nm. Within such a range, adhesion to the resin layer and insulation resistance can be significantly improved. This thickness is a value measured by analyzing the cross section of the layer with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (TEM-EDX) of a transmission electron microscope.
- TEM-EDX energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer
- the copper foil with carrier 10 prepares the carrier 12 described above, and a silicon layer 14, a carbon layer 16, an ultrathin copper layer 18, and as necessary on one side or both sides of the carrier. Accordingly, it can be manufactured by forming the silicon-based adhesion layer 20.
- the carrier 12 may be surface-treated as a pretreatment for forming the silicon layer 14 or the like, if necessary.
- the surface treatment process includes corona treatment, plasma treatment, UV ozone treatment, and the like, and is typically performed for the purpose of removing foreign substances and activating the surface within a range where the surface roughness is not increased.
- each layer of the silicon layer 14, the carbon layer 16, the ultrathin copper layer 18, and the silicon-based adhesion layer 20 provided as necessary is performed by a vapor phase method from the viewpoint of easily supporting fine pitching by ultrathinning.
- a vapor phase method include a sputtering method, a vacuum deposition method, and an ion plating method.
- the film thickness can be controlled in a wide range of 0.05 nm to 5000 nm, and the film thickness uniformity over a wide width or area.
- the sputtering method is most preferable because it can be secured.
- the production efficiency is remarkably increased by forming all of the silicon layer 14, the carbon layer 16, the ultrathin copper layer 18, and the silicon-based adhesion layer 20 provided as necessary by a sputtering method.
- the film formation by the vapor phase method is not particularly limited as long as it is performed according to known conditions using a known vapor deposition apparatus.
- the sputtering method may be any of various known methods such as magnetron sputtering, dipole sputtering, etc., but magnetron sputtering is preferable in terms of high film formation speed and high productivity.
- Sputtering may be performed with any power source of DC (direct current) and RF (high frequency).
- the silicon layer 14 is formed by vapor phase deposition using a silicon target and / or a silicon carbide target, and in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, with at least one additional component including a carbon source and a hydrogen source as necessary.
- the additive component is preferably made of at least one gas selected from the group consisting of methane, ethane, propane, butane, acetylene, and tetraethoxysilane as a raw material. Any of these raw materials is advantageous because it can serve as both a carbon source and a hydrogen source in one component.
- the purity of the silicon target is preferably 99.9% or higher.
- the silicon target doped with a conductive dopant.
- the conductive dopant include B (boron), P (phosphorus), Al (aluminum), Sb (antimony), As (arsenic), and combinations thereof, most preferably B (boron).
- the addition amount of the conductive dopant is preferably 0.01 ppm to 500 ppm, more preferably 0.01 ppm to 300 ppm.
- the ultimate vacuum in the chamber before starting sputtering is preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa.
- a gas used for sputtering together with an inert gas such as argon gas, a gas (preferably methane, ethane, propane, butane, acetylene, tetraethoxysilane or any combination thereof) to be used as a raw material of the additive component is used in combination. Is preferred.
- the most preferred gas is a combination of argon gas and methane gas.
- the flow rate of the argon gas is not particularly limited as long as it is appropriately determined according to the sputtering chamber size and film forming conditions.
- the pressure during film formation is within a range of 0.1 to 2.0 Pa from the viewpoint of continuous film formation without abnormal operation such as abnormal discharge or defective plasma irradiation.
- This pressure range may be set by adjusting the deposition power and the flow rate of argon gas according to the device structure, capacity, vacuum pump exhaust capacity, rated capacity of the deposition power source, and the like.
- the sputtering power may be set as appropriate within a range of 0.05 to 10.0 W / cm 2 per unit area of the target in consideration of film thickness uniformity, productivity, and the like.
- Film formation of the carbon layer 16 by a vapor phase method is preferably performed in an inert atmosphere such as argon using a carbon target.
- the carbon target is preferably composed of graphite, but may contain inevitable impurities (for example, oxygen and carbon derived from the surrounding environment such as the atmosphere).
- the purity of the carbon target is preferably 99.99% or more, more preferably 99.999% or more.
- the pressure during film formation is within a range of 0.1 to 2.0 Pa from the viewpoint of continuous film formation without abnormal operation such as abnormal discharge or defective plasma irradiation.
- This pressure range may be set by adjusting the deposition power and the flow rate of argon gas according to the device structure, capacity, vacuum pump exhaust capacity, rated capacity of the deposition power source, and the like.
- the sputtering power may be set as appropriate within a range of 0.05 to 10.0 W / cm 2 per unit area of the target in consideration of film thickness uniformity, productivity, and the like.
- Film formation of the ultrathin copper layer 18 by a vapor phase method is preferably performed in an inert atmosphere such as argon using a copper target.
- the copper target is preferably composed of metallic copper, but may contain unavoidable impurities.
- the purity of the copper target is preferably 99.9% or more, more preferably 99.99%, and still more preferably 99.999% or more.
- the temperature during vapor phase deposition of the ultrathin copper layer 18 is preferably 50 ° C. or lower. More preferably, it is 40 degrees C or less, More preferably, it is 30 degrees C or less, Most preferably, it is 25 degrees C or less.
- a carousel method or a roll-to-roll method can be employed. It is also possible to control the temperature of the stage that supports the sample and the can roll (the roll around which the sample is wound during film formation) during film formation to a predetermined temperature. At the time of film formation, the sample temperature may be 100 ° C. or more due to the influence of Ar plasma, so an active cooling mechanism is required. In addition, it is preferable that the pressure during film formation is within a range of 0.1 to 2.0 Pa from the viewpoint of continuous film formation without abnormal operation such as abnormal discharge or defective plasma irradiation.
- This pressure range may be set by adjusting the deposition power and the flow rate of argon gas according to the device structure, capacity, vacuum pump exhaust capacity, rated capacity of the deposition power source, and the like.
- the sputtering power may be set as appropriate within a range of 0.05 to 10.0 W / cm 2 per unit area of the target in consideration of film thickness uniformity, productivity, and the like.
- the silicon-based adhesion layer 20 is preferably formed by a vapor phase method using a silicon target and / or a silicon carbide target in a non-oxidizing atmosphere with at least one additional component including a carbon source and a hydrogen source.
- the additive component is preferably made of at least one gas selected from the group consisting of methane, ethane, propane, butane, acetylene, and tetraethoxysilane as a raw material. Any of these raw materials is advantageous because it can serve as both a carbon source and a hydrogen source in one component.
- the purity of the silicon target is preferably 99.9% or higher.
- the silicon target doped with a conductive dopant.
- the conductive dopant include B (boron), P (phosphorus), Al (aluminum), Sb (antimony), As (arsenic), and combinations thereof, most preferably B (boron).
- the addition amount of the conductive dopant is preferably 0.01 ppm to 500 ppm, more preferably 0.01 ppm to 300 ppm.
- the ultimate vacuum in the chamber before starting sputtering is preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa.
- a gas used for sputtering together with an inert gas such as argon gas, a gas (preferably methane, ethane, propane, butane, acetylene, tetraethoxysilane or any combination thereof) to be used as a raw material of the additive component is used in combination. Is preferred.
- the most preferred gas is a combination of argon gas and methane gas.
- the flow rate of the argon gas is not particularly limited as long as it is appropriately determined according to the sputtering chamber size and film forming conditions.
- the pressure during film formation is within a range of 0.1 to 2.0 Pa from the viewpoint of continuous film formation without abnormal operation such as abnormal discharge or defective plasma irradiation.
- This pressure range may be set by adjusting the deposition power and the flow rate of argon gas according to the device structure, capacity, vacuum pump exhaust capacity, rated capacity of the deposition power source, and the like.
- the sputtering power may be set as appropriate within a range of 0.05 to 10.0 W / cm 2 per unit area of the target in consideration of film thickness uniformity, productivity, and the like.
- the copper foil with carrier of the present invention may be provided in the form of a copper foil with resin.
- the resin-attached copper foil of the present invention comprises the carrier-attached copper foil of the present invention and a resin composition layer provided on the ultrathin copper layer of the carrier-attached copper foil.
- a resin composition layer may be various resin generally used in copper foil with resin, and is not specifically limited.
- the resin composition layer may be a resin layer generally employed in a known copper foil with resin, and may be configured in the same manner as the resin layer 22 described later with respect to the method for producing a printed wiring board.
- a printed wiring board can be manufactured using the copper foil with a carrier of this invention.
- the preferable manufacturing method of a printed wiring board is demonstrated.
- This method for manufacturing a printed wiring board includes at least a (1) forming process of a laminated body with a carrier, (2) a laser processing process, (3) a desmear treatment process, and (4) a carrier peeling process. A part of the method for manufacturing a printed wiring board according to these steps is schematically shown in FIG.
- the laminated body 11 with a carrier is formed.
- the first form of the core layer is a core layer used as a surface layer of a buildup layer having a bottomed via. Examples of the core layer in this case include a laminated board having a patterned inner layer conductor 26 on the surface, and a coreless support having an unpatterned inner layer conductor 26 on the surface.
- the second form of the core layer is a core layer used as a single-sided or double-sided copper-clad laminate.
- the core layer in this case examples include a prepreg impregnated with a fibrous reinforcing material (glass cloth), a heat resistant resin film, a resin plate, and a glass plate.
- the core layer and the resin layer 22 are positioned on the ultrathin copper layer 18 side (the silicon-based adhesion layer 20 side if present) of the copper foil with carrier 10 of the present invention. It is preferable to laminate so as to.
- the resin layer 22 includes a resin, preferably an insulating resin.
- the resin layer is preferably a prepreg and / or a resin sheet.
- the prepreg is a general term for composite materials in which a base material such as a synthetic resin plate, a glass plate, a glass woven fabric, a glass nonwoven fabric, and paper is impregnated with a synthetic resin.
- the insulating resin include epoxy resin, cyanate resin, bismaleimide triazine resin (BT resin), polyphenylene ether resin, phenol resin, tetrafluoroethylene resin, and fluororesin.
- the insulating resin that constitutes the resin sheet include insulating resins such as epoxy resins, polyimide resins, and polyester resins.
- the resin layer 22 may contain filler particles made of various inorganic particles such as silica and alumina from the viewpoint of improving the insulating properties.
- Laser processing is performed on the laminated body with a carrier to form the via hole 28.
- the inner layer conductor 26 may be drilled until it is exposed as a via bottom.
- a through via hole may be formed by drilling so as to penetrate the core layer by laser processing.
- laser processing may be performed using a commercially available laser processing machine.
- the type of laser that can be used is not particularly limited, and for example, a carbon dioxide laser, a UV-YAG laser, an excimer laser, and the like can be preferably used.
- the carrier 12 is made of resin, unlike a metal carrier, a laser having a relatively low energy such as a carbon dioxide laser can also be used.
- the copper foil with a carrier of the present invention is excellent in laser processability and can form a via hole with extremely high accuracy.
- Desmear treatment step desmear treatment is performed on the via hole 28 to remove smear.
- This process is a known technique for desmear treatment with a desmear treatment solution.
- the desmear treatment solution may be contacted with the via hole 28 using a permanganate solution, a chromate solution, or the like.
- the desmear treatment solution is preferably a permanganate solution in that smear removal can be efficiently performed and erosion to the carrier 12 can be reduced as much as possible.
- the swelling treatment may be performed using an organic solvent or a mixed solution of an organic solvent and an alkali in order to promote smear removal.
- the carrier 12 is selected from polyethylene naphthalate resin (PEN), polyether sulfone resin (PES), polyimide resin (PI), and polyphenylene sulfide resin (PPS).
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate resin
- PES polyether sulfone resin
- PI polyimide resin
- PPS polyphenylene sulfide resin
- the carrier 12 is peeled after the desmear treatment process.
- the carrier 12 may be peeled mechanically, for example.
- the carrier 12 made of the specific resin and the two-layer release layer that is, the silicon layer 14 and the carbon layer 16
- the electroless copper plating 30 may be formed on the laminate from which the carrier 12 has been peeled off. However, electroless copper plating may be performed between the desmear treatment process and the carrier peeling process, or may be performed after the carrier peeling process as shown in FIG.
- a printed wiring board can be obtained by performing wiring processing according to a known method.
- This printed wiring board manufacturing method is an MSAP method suitable for miniaturization of wiring patterns. In the production of a printed wiring board by the MSAP method, as shown in FIGS.
- the copper foil with a carrier of the present invention has a line / space (L / S) of 13 ⁇ m or less / 13 ⁇ m or less (for example, 12 ⁇ m / 12 ⁇ m, 10 ⁇ m / 10 ⁇ m, 5 ⁇ m / 5 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m / 2 ⁇ m, 1 ⁇ m / 1 ⁇ m). It is suitable for forming a finer wiring pattern.
- the printed wiring board can employ a known layer configuration except that the ultrathin copper layer 18 of the copper foil with carrier 10 of the present invention is used.
- Specific examples of the printed wiring board include single-sided or double-sided printing in which a circuit is formed after forming a laminate (CCL) obtained by bonding and curing the ultrathin copper layer 18 of the copper foil 10 with a carrier of the present invention on one or both sides of a prepreg. Examples thereof include a wiring board and a multilayer printed wiring board obtained by multilayering these.
- Other specific examples include a flexible printed wiring board, a COF, a TAB tape, and the like that form a circuit by forming the ultrathin copper layer 18 of the copper foil 10 with a carrier of the present invention on a resin film.
- examples thereof include an electronic material for glass, and an electromagnetic wave shielding film in which a conductive adhesive is applied to the ultrathin copper layer 18 of the copper foil 10 with a carrier of the present invention.
- Example 1 Production of copper foil with carrier As shown in FIG. 1, a silicon layer 14, a carbon layer 16, an ultrathin copper layer 18, and a silicon-based adhesion layer 20 are formed in this order on a resin film as a carrier 12. Thus, a copper foil 10 with a carrier was produced.
- the specific procedure is as follows.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra mentioned in the following examples is a value measured with a non-contact surface shape measuring instrument (New View 5032 manufactured by Zygo Corporation) in accordance with JIS B 0601-2001.
- -Equipment Self-propelled sputtering equipment (manufactured by Hirano Kotone Co., Ltd.) -Target: 280 mm x 1580 mm x 10 mm thick copper target (purity 99.98%) -Ultimate vacuum Pu: less than 5 x 10-4 Pa-Gas: Argon gas (flow rate: 500 sccm) -Sputtering pressure: 0.45Pa -Sputtering power: 20 kW (4.5 W / cm 2 ) -Conveying speed: 0.4m / min
- silicon-based adhesion layer 20 A silicon layer having a thickness of 6 nm was formed as a silicon-based adhesion layer 20 on the ultrathin copper layer 18 by sputtering under the following apparatus and conditions to produce a copper foil with a carrier.
- -Equipment Self-propelled sputtering equipment (manufactured by Hirano Kotone Co., Ltd.) -Target: silicon target doped with 200 ppm of 280 mm x 1580 mm x 6 mm thick boron-Ultimate vacuum Pu: less than 5 x 10 -4 Pa-Gas: Argon gas (flow rate: 500 sccm) Methane gas (flow rate: 5.0 sccm) Carbon dioxide gas (flow rate: 0.5sccm) -Sputtering pressure: 0.45Pa -Sputtering power: 3 kW (0.67 W / cm 2 ) -Conveying speed: 0.4m / min
- composition analysis of the silicon layer 14, the carbon layer 16, and the silicon type adhesion layer 20 was performed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
- the composition analysis by XPS is performed using an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) apparatus (manufactured by ULVAC-PHI Co., Ltd., Quantum 2000), output: 40 W, X-ray source: Al (using a monochromator), X-ray beam diameter: 200 ⁇ m, energy range: 0 to 1400 eV, pass energy: 58.7 eV, step: 1.0 eV, measurement setting time: 5 minutes, survey measurement was performed. Quantification of the target element using the obtained survey spectrum was performed with software using the relative sensitivity coefficient method. By performing XPS measurement in this way, silicon concentration, carbon concentration, etc. (atomic%) were determined.
- the composition analysis of the silicon layer 14 and the carbon layer 16 is performed as a sample for composition analysis monitoring by installing a shielding plate in the apparatus and placing only the silicon layer 14 on the film substrate (1b).
- the film was formed under the same conditions as in (1), or only the carbon layer 16 was formed on the film substrate under the same conditions as in (1c) above, and the composition analysis was performed on each surface.
- the composition of the silicon layer 14 and the carbon layer 16 in the multilayered copper foil with a carrier thus obtained was grasped.
- the composition analysis of the silicon-based adhesion layer 20 was performed on the surface of the copper foil with a carrier finally obtained in the above (1e).
- the silicon-based adhesion layer 20 had a silicon concentration of 72.6 atomic%, a carbon concentration of 12.4 atomic%, and an oxygen concentration of 15.0 atomic%.
- Example 2 i) Polyethersulfone (PES) (product name: SUMIKAEXCEL, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) having a surface with an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 2.5 nm was used as the carrier 12, and ii) the thickness of the carbon layer 16 A copper foil with a carrier was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness was 3.0 nm. The results were as shown in Table 1. The arithmetic average roughness Ra of the surface of the ultrathin copper layer 18 opposite to the carbon layer 16 was 6.3 nm. The compositions of the silicon layer 14, the carbon layer 16, and the silicon-based adhesion layer 20 were substantially the same as in Example 1.
- Example 3 (Comparison) A copper foil with a carrier was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an aluminum layer was formed as follows instead of the silicon layer 14. The results were as shown in Table 1. The arithmetic average roughness Ra of the surface of the ultrathin copper layer opposite to the carbon layer was 4.6 nm. The compositions of the carbon layer 16 and the silicon-based adhesion layer 20 were substantially the same as in Example 1.
- Example 4 Production of copper foil with carrier in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) film (product name: Torelina, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) having a surface with an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 7.5 nm was used as carrier 12. And evaluated. The results were as shown in Table 1. The arithmetic average roughness Ra of the surface of the ultrathin copper layer 18 opposite to the carbon layer 16 was 10.3 nm. The compositions of the silicon layer 14, the carbon layer 16, and the silicon-based adhesion layer 20 were substantially the same as in Example 1.
- PPS polyphenylene sulfide
- Example 5 (Comparison) Except that i) an electrolytic copper foil produced as follows was used as the carrier 12, and ii) a titanium layer was formed as follows instead of the silicon layer 14, as in Example 1.
- the copper foil with carrier was prepared and evaluated.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the surface of the ultrathin copper layer 18 opposite to the carbon layer 16 was 61.7 nm.
- the compositions of the carbon layer 16 and the silicon-based adhesion layer 20 were substantially the same as in Example 1.
- Ti layer A titanium layer having a thickness of 6.0 nm was formed on the glossy surface side of the carrier (electrolytic copper foil) after the pickling treatment by sputtering under the following apparatus and conditions.
- -Equipment Self-propelled sputtering equipment (manufactured by Hirano Kotone Co., Ltd.)
- -Target Titanium target with a size of 280mm x 1580mm x thickness 6mm (purity 99.96%)
- Carrier gas Ar (flow rate: 500 sccm)
- -Sputtering pressure 0.45Pa -Sputtering power: 1.8 W / cm 2
- Example 6 Comparison with carrier in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film (product name: Lumirror, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m and having a surface with an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 1.7 nm was used as the carrier 12. Copper foil was prepared and evaluated. The results were as shown in Table 1. The arithmetic average roughness Ra of the surface of the ultrathin copper layer 18 opposite to the carbon layer 16 was 5.8 nm. The compositions of the silicon layer 14, the carbon layer 16, and the silicon-based adhesion layer 20 were substantially the same as in Example 1.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- Example 8 (Comparison) i) A 38 ⁇ m thick polyethersulfone (PES) film having a surface with an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 3.7 nm was used as the carrier 12; ii) a titanium layer having a thickness of 6.0 nm instead of the silicon layer 14; Preparation and evaluation of copper foil with a carrier were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was formed in the same manner as in Example 5 and iii) the thickness of the carbon layer 16 was 5.0 nm. The results were as shown in Table 1. The arithmetic average roughness Ra of the surface of the ultrathin copper layer 18 on the side opposite to the carbon layer 16 was 8.5 nm. The compositions of the carbon layer 16 and the silicon-based adhesion layer 20 were substantially the same as in Example 1.
- PES polyethersulfone
- Example 9 A 35 ⁇ m-thick polyimide (PI) film (product name: Upilex-S, manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd.) having a surface with an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 3.8 nm was used as the carrier 12 with a corona treatment on the film formation surface. Except for the above, in the same manner as in Example 1, the copper foil with carrier was prepared and evaluated. The results were as shown in Table 1. In addition, arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the surface on the opposite side to the carbon layer 16 of the ultra-thin copper layer 18 was 6.9 nm. The compositions of the silicon layer 14, the carbon layer 16, and the silicon-based adhesion layer 20 were substantially the same as in Example 1.
- PI polyimide
- ⁇ Heat resistance of carrier> In order to evaluate the heat press resistance of the carrier 12, the carrier 12 used in each example was prepared alone, and the heat resistance thereof was examined. Specifically, the carrier 12 is placed on a hot plate, heated from room temperature in an air atmosphere and gradually raised in temperature, and cracks generated in the carrier 12 when the temperature reaches every 10 ° C. from 200 ° C. The occurrence or non-occurrence was observed and rated based on the following ranking.
- -Evaluation AA No cracks occurred at 290 ° C or higher.
- -Evaluation A Cracks occurred at 260 ° C or higher and lower than 290 ° C.
- -Evaluation B Cracks occurred at 230 ° C or higher and lower than 260 ° C.
- -Evaluation C Cracks occurred at less than 230 ° C (impossible).
- the silicon-based adhesion layer 20 side of the carrier-attached copper foil 10 is laminated on the resin surface of a resin-coated copper foil (RCC) having a thickness of 30 ⁇ m (material: epoxy resin, manufactured by Mitsui Kinzoku Co., Ltd.) for 90 minutes at 220 ° C. Pressing was performed at a pressure of 30 kgf / cm 2 .
- the obtained copper-clad laminate was irradiated with UV-YAG laser on the surface of the carrier 12 under the following conditions to form a via hole reaching the copper layer in the resin-coated copper foil (RCC).
- the processing accuracy of the via hole diameter based on the target diameter (30 ⁇ m) was measured and rated according to the following criteria.
- -Evaluation A Processing accuracy within the range of ⁇ 3 ⁇ m
- B Processing accuracy within the range of ⁇ 5 ⁇ m (excluding those corresponding to the evaluation A)
- -Evaluation C Machining accuracy within the range of ⁇ 10 ⁇ m (excluding those corresponding to evaluation A and B)
- ⁇ Corrosion resistance of carrier in desmear treatment> In order to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the carrier 12 in the desmear treatment, the carrier 12 used in each example was prepared alone, and its sodium permanganate resistance was examined. Specifically, the carrier 12 was immersed in a sodium permanganate solution (sodium permanganate concentration: 12 Vol%, product name: MLB213, manufactured by Atotech) for 30 minutes at 80 ° C., and the weight loss due to elution of the carrier was measured. The rating was based on the following criteria. -Evaluation A: Less than 5% by weight-Evaluation B: 5% by weight or more and 10% by weight or less-Evaluation C: 10% by weight or more (impossible)
- ⁇ Corrosion resistance of release layer in desmear treatment> In order to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the release layer (that is, the silicon layer 14 and the carbon layer 16) by the desmear treatment, the desmear treatment using a sodium permanganate solution on the copper-clad laminate having via holes formed by the laser workability test. The erosion amount of the chemical solution from the end of the via hole was evaluated.
- This desmear treatment was performed by sequentially performing the following treatments using the treatment liquid shown below from Rohm & Haas Electronic Materials Co., Ltd.
- the copper clad laminate obtained by the desmear treatment was dried at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes.
- the carrier 12 was peeled from the copper-clad laminate, and the amount of erosion at the interface between the ultrathin copper layer 18 and the resin-coated copper foil (RCC) was measured by observing with a microscope.
- the area where the sodium permanganate solution has entered the interface between the ultrathin copper layer 18 and the resin-coated copper foil (RCC) changes color. Therefore, the erosion amount is measured by observing the periphery of the via hole in the copper-clad laminate that has been subjected to desmear treatment, and the erosion amount of the chemical solution from the end of the via hole is determined from the end of the via hole in the discoloration region due to the chemical solution erosion.
- Evaluation A Chemical erosion amount from the via hole end is 10 ⁇ m or less
- Evaluation B Chemical erosion amount from the via hole end is more than 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m or less
- Evaluation C Chemical erosion amount from the via hole end is more than 50 ⁇ m (impossible)
- the peel strength after vacuum hot pressing in the carrier-attached copper foil was measured as follows.
- the silicon-based adhesion layer 20 side of the carrier-attached copper foil 10 is laminated on the resin surface of a resin-coated copper foil (RCC) having a thickness of 30 ⁇ m (material: epoxy resin, manufactured by Mitsui Kinzoku Co., Ltd.) for 90 minutes at 220 ° C. Pressing was performed at a pressure of 30 kgf / cm 2 .
- the peel strength (gf / cm) when the carrier foil was peeled was measured according to JIS C 6481-1996. At this time, the measurement width was 50 mm and the measurement length was 20 mm.
- peel strength (average value) thus obtained was rated according to the following criteria.
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Abstract
Description
前記キャリア上に設けられ、主としてシリコンを含んでなるシリコン層と、
前記シリコン層上に設けられ、主として炭素を含んでなる炭素層と、
前記炭素層上に設けられる極薄銅層と、
を備えた、キャリア付銅箔が提供される。
前記キャリア付銅箔の前記極薄銅層上に設けられる樹脂組成物層と、
を備えた、樹脂付銅箔が提供される。
前記キャリア付積層体にレーザー加工を施して、ビアホールを形成する工程と、
前記ビアホールのスミアを除去するデスミア処理工程と、
前記デスミア処理工程後、前記キャリアを剥離するキャリア剥離工程と、
を含む、プリント配線板の製造方法が提供される。
本発明のキャリア付銅箔が図1に模式的に示される。図1に示されるように、本発明のキャリア付銅箔10は、キャリア12と、シリコン層14と、炭素層16と、極薄銅層18とをこの順に備えたものである。キャリア12は、ポリエチレンナフタレート樹脂(PEN)、ポリエーテルサルフォン樹脂(PES)、ポリイミド樹脂(PI)及びポリフェニレンサルファイド樹脂(PPS)から選択される少なくとも1種の樹脂で構成される。シリコン層14は、キャリア12上に設けられ、主としてシリコンを含んでなる層である。炭素層16は、シリコン層14上に設けられ、主として炭素を含んでなる層である。シリコン層14と炭素層16が2層構成の剥離層を構成する。極薄銅層18は、炭素層16上に設けられる銅からなる層である。必要に応じて、極薄銅層18上にはシリコン系密着層20が更に設けられてもよい。また、キャリア12の両面に上下対称となるように上述の各種層を順に備えてなる構成としてもよい。キャリア付銅箔10は、上述した特定の樹脂で構成されるフィルム(以下、樹脂フィルムという)をキャリア12として、また、上述したシリコン層14及び炭素層16を剥離層として備えること以外は、公知の層構成を採用すればよく特に限定されない。このようにキャリア12を特定の樹脂で構成し、かつ、剥離層をシリコン層14及び炭素層16の2層構成とすることで、レーザー加工及びデスミア処理後にキャリア12を剥離する回路形成プロセスに特に適したキャリア付銅箔を提供することができる。具体的には、キャリア12の加熱プレス耐性(耐熱性)、レーザー加工性、デスミア処理におけるキャリアの耐食性、デスミア処理における剥離層の耐食性、及びキャリア剥離強度に優れたキャリア付銅箔を提供することができる。
(i)キャリアの溶解(図6におけるAと記される部分を参照):キャリア13がデスミア工程で溶解ないし膨潤剥離すると、ビアホール28のショルダー部分の剥離層(すなわち第一剥離層15及び第二剥離層17)が露出する。そして、剥離層も薄いため容易に崩壊し、極薄銅層18が露出する。この状態で無電解銅めっきの前処理工程(ソフトエッチング)を行うと、ビアホール28のショルダー部分の極薄銅層18が消失する。このように給電層である極薄銅層18が欠落した状態で形成されたビアホール28には(上層配線層の一部をなす)ビアランド部に電気めっきが析出しない、あるいは樹脂層22と極薄銅層18との密着不良を生じる等の問題を生じるおそれがある。
(ii)剥離層の溶解又は密着不良(図6においてBと記される部分を参照):デスミア液で剥離層(第一剥離層15及び第二剥離層17)が溶解する、又はキャリア12と剥離層の間で剥離が生じる。このような箇所においてデスミア液の染み込みが観察される。こうして極薄銅層18の表面が無電解めっき工程で暴露されることになる。かかる状態であると、無電解銅めっきの前処理工程(ソフトエッチング)でビアホール28のショルダー部分の極薄銅層18が消失する。このように給電層である極薄銅層18が欠落した状態で形成されたビアホール28には(上層配線層の一部をなす)ビアランド部に電気めっきが析出しない、あるいは樹脂層22と極薄銅層18との密着不良を生じる等の問題を生じるおそれがある。
本発明によるキャリア付銅箔10は、上述したキャリア12を用意し、該キャリアの片面又は両面に、シリコン層14、炭素層16、極薄銅層18、及び必要に応じてシリコン系密着層20を形成することにより製造することができる。キャリア12は、必要に応じて、シリコン層14等の成膜の前処理として表面処理されてもよい。表面処理工程は、コロナ処理、プラズマ処理、UVオゾン処理等が含まれ、表面粗さを大きくしない範囲で異物の除去や表面の活性化等の目的で行われるのが典型的である。シリコン層14、炭素層16、極薄銅層18、及び必要に応じて設けられるシリコン系密着層20の各層の形成は、極薄化によるファインピッチ化に対応しやすい観点から、気相法により行われるのが好ましい。気相法の例としては、スパッタリング法、真空蒸着法、及びイオンプレーティング法が挙げられるが、0.05nm~5000nmといった幅広い範囲で膜厚制御できる点、広い幅ないし面積にわたって膜厚均一性を確保できる点等から、最も好ましくはスパッタリング法である。特に、シリコン層14、炭素層16、極薄銅層18、及び必要に応じて設けられるシリコン系密着層20の全ての層をスパッタリング法により形成することで、製造効率が格段に高くなる。気相法による成膜は公知の気相成膜装置を用いて公知の条件に従って行えばよく特に限定されない。例えば、スパッタリング法を採用する場合、スパッタリング方式は、マグネトロンスパッタリング、2極スパッタリング法等、公知の種々の方法であってよいが、マグネトロンスパッタリングが、成膜速度が速く生産性が高い点で好ましい。また、スパッタリングはDC(直流)及びRF(高周波)のいずれの電源で行ってもよい。
本発明のキャリア付銅箔を用いてプリント配線板を製造することができる。以下、プリント配線板の好ましい製造方法について説明する。このプリント配線板の製造方法は、(1)キャリア付積層体の形成工程と、(2)レーザー加工工程と、(3)デスミア処理工程と、(4)キャリア剥離工程とを少なくとも含む。これらの工程に従ったプリント配線板の製造方法の一部が模式的に図3に示される。
少なくともコア層(図示せず)の片面に樹脂層22及び本発明のキャリア付銅箔10を順に積層して、又は本発明の樹脂付銅箔を積層して、キャリア付積層体11を形成する。ここで、コア層の形態としては2つの形態が挙げられる。(i)コア層の第一の形態は、有底ビアを有するビルドアップ層の表面層として用いられるコア層である。この場合におけるコア層の例としては、パターン加工された内層導体26を表面に有する積層板、パターン加工されていない内層導体26を表面に有するコアレス支持体が挙げられる。(ii)コア層の第二の形態は、片面又は両面銅張積層板として用いられるコア層である。この場合におけるコア層の例としては、繊維状強化材(ガラスクロス)が含浸されたプリプレグ、耐熱性樹脂フィルム、樹脂板、及びガラス板が挙げられる。いずれにしても、図3に示されるように、本発明のキャリア付銅箔10の極薄銅層18側(存在する場合にはシリコン系密着層20側)にコア層及び樹脂層22が位置するように積層されるのが好ましい。
キャリア付積層体にレーザー加工を施して、ビアホール28を形成する。レーザー加工においてコア層が内層導体26を有する場合には内層導体26がビア底として露出するまで穿孔すればよい。あるいは、レーザー加工によりコア層を貫通するように穿孔を行って貫通ビアホールを形成してもよい。いずれにしても、レーザー加工は市販のレーザー加工機を用いて行えばよい。使用可能なレーザーの種類は特に限定されず、例えば炭酸ガスレーザー、UV-YAGレーザー、エキシマレーザー等が好ましく使用可能である。特に、本発明においてはキャリア12が樹脂製であるので、金属製キャリアの場合とは異なり、炭酸ガスレーザー等の比較的低いエネルギーのレーザーを用いることもできる。より高エネルギーのUV-YAGレーザーやエキシマレーザーを用いるのもまた好ましい。このような高エネルギーのレーザーは短波長であるため、L/S(ライン/スペース)が5μm以下/5μm以下でビアホール径50μm以下といったファインピッチ用途に特に適する。いずれにしても、本発明のキャリア付銅箔はレーザー加工性に優れており、極めて高い精度でビアホールを形成することができる。
次いで、ビアホール28にデスミア処理を施してスミアを除去する。この工程はデスミア処理溶液によるデスミア処理として公知の手法であり、例えば、過マンガン酸塩溶液や、クロム酸塩液等を用いてデスミア処理溶液をビアホール28を接触させる方法により行えばよい。スミア除去を効率的に行い、キャリア12への浸食を極力低減させることができる点において、デスミア処理溶液は過マンガン酸塩溶液であるのが好ましい。また、例えば、デスミア処理溶液による処理の前に、スミア除去の促進のために、有機溶剤、あるいは有機溶剤とアルカリとの混合溶液等を用いて膨潤処理を行ってもよい。また、デスミア処理溶液による処理後に、残存した過マンガン酸塩の除去のために、中和還元剤による還元処理等を行ってもよい。本発明の方法においては、図2に示されるように、キャリア12としてポリエチレンナフタレート樹脂(PEN)、ポリエーテルサルフォン樹脂(PES)、ポリイミド樹脂(PI)、及びポリフェニレンサルファイド樹脂(PPS)から選択される少なくとも1種の樹脂で構成し、かつ、剥離層をシリコン層14及び炭素層16の2層構成とすることで、前述したとおり、(i)キャリアの溶解及び(ii)界面層の溶解又は密着不良に関する問題を同時に解消することができる。すなわち、デスミア処理におけるキャリアの耐食性、及びデスミア処理における剥離層の耐食性の両方を向上させることができる。
デスミア処理工程後、キャリア12を剥離する。キャリア12の剥離は、例えば機械的に行えばよい。上記特定樹脂製のキャリア12と上記2層構成の剥離層(すなわちシリコン層14及び炭素層16)との組合せにより、レーザー加工時やデスミア処理時には剥がれにくく、かつ、デスミア処理後には剥しやすいといった、極めて好都合なキャリア剥離強度を実現することができる。
図3に示されるように、キャリア12が剥離された積層体に対して、無電解銅めっき30の形成等を行えばよい。ただし、無電解銅めっきは、デスミア処理工程とキャリア剥離工程との間に行ってもよいし、図3に示されるようにキャリア剥離工程後に行ってもよい。無電解銅めっき後は、公知の手法に従い配線加工を施してプリント配線板を得ることができる。このプリント配線板の製造手法は、配線パターンの微細化に適するMSAP法である。MSAP法によるプリント配線板の製造においては、図4及び5に示されるように、フォトレジスト131の形成(工程(d))、電気銅めっき132の付着(工程(e))、フォトレジスト131の剥離(工程(f))、及びフラッシュエッチングによる微細配線パターン132a間での極薄銅層118の除去による配線134の形成(工程(g))が行われる。本発明のキャリア付銅箔は、ライン/スペース(L/S)が13μm以下/13μm以下(例えば12μm/12μm、10μm/10μm、5μm/5μm、2μm/2μm、1μm/1μm)といった程度にまで高度に微細化された配線パターンの形成に適している。
(1)キャリア付銅箔の作製
図1に示されるように、キャリア12としての樹脂フィルム上にシリコン層14、炭素層16、極薄銅層18及びシリコン系密着層20をこの順に成膜してキャリア付銅箔10を作製した。具体的な手順は以下のとおりである。なお、以下の例において言及される算術平均粗さRaはJIS B 0601-2001に準拠して非接触表面形状測定機(Zygo株式会社製NewView5032)で測定された値である。
算術平均粗さRa1.8nmの表面を有する厚さ38μmのポリエイレンナフタレート(PEN)フィルム(製品名:Q51、帝人デュポンフィルム社製)を用意した。
キャリア12の表面に、厚さ10nmのシリコン層14を以下の装置及び条件でスパッタリングにより形成した。
‐ 装置:自走式スパッタリング装置(ヒラノ光音株式会社製)
‐ ターゲット:280mm×1580mm×厚さ6mmサイズのホウ素を200ppmドープしたシリコンターゲット
‐ 到達真空度Pu:5×10-4Pa未満
‐ ガス:アルゴンガス(流量:500sccm)
‐ スパッタリング圧:0.45Pa
‐ スパッタリング電力:10kW(2.3W/cm2)
‐ 搬送速度:4m/min
シリコン層14の上に、アモルファスカーボンからなる厚さ2.7nmの炭素層16を以下の装置及び条件でスパッタリングにより形成した。
‐ 装置:自走式スパッタリング装置(ヒラノ光音株式会社製)
‐ ターゲット:280mm×1580mm×厚さ6mmサイズの炭素ターゲット(純度99.99%)
‐ キャリアガス:Ar(流量:500sccm)
‐ 到達真空度Pu:5×10-4Pa未満
‐ スパッタリング圧PAr:0.45Pa
‐ スパッタリング電力:6kW
‐ 搬送速度:4m/min
炭素層16の上に、膜厚0.3μmの極薄銅層18を以下の装置及び条件でスパッタリングにより形成した。得られた極薄銅層18の炭素層16と反対側の表面(すなわち外側表面)の算術平均粗さ(Ra)は5.2nmであった。
‐ 装置:自走式スパッタリング装置(ヒラノ光音株式会社製)
‐ ターゲット:280mm×1580mm×厚さ10mmサイズの銅ターゲット(純度99.98%)
‐ 到達真空度Pu:5×10-4Pa未満
‐ ガス:アルゴンガス(流量:500sccm)
‐ スパッタリング圧:0.45Pa
‐ スパッタリング電力:20kW(4.5W/cm2)
‐ 搬送速度:0.4m/min
極薄銅層18の上にシリコン系密着層20として厚さ6nmのシリコン層を以下の装置及び条件でスパッタリングにより形成して、キャリア付銅箔を作製した。
‐ 装置:自走式スパッタリング装置(ヒラノ光音株式会社製)
‐ ターゲット:280mm×1580mm×厚さ6mmサイズのホウ素を200ppmドープしたシリコンターゲット
‐ 到達真空度Pu:5×10-4Pa未満
‐ ガス:アルゴンガス(流量:500sccm)
メタンガス(流量:5.0sccm)
二酸化炭素ガス(流量:0.5sccm)
‐ スパッタリング圧:0.45Pa
‐ スパッタリング電力:3kW(0.67W/cm2)
‐ 搬送速度:0.4m/min
シリコン層14、炭素層16及びシリコン系密着層20の組成分析をX線光電子分光(XPS)により行った。このXPSによる組成分析は、X線光電子分光(XPS)装置(アルバック・ファイ株式会社製、Quantum2000)を使用して、出力:40W、X線源:Al(モノクロメーター使用)、X線ビーム径:200μm、エネルギー範囲:0~1400eV、パスエネルギー:58.7eV、ステップ:1.0eV、測定設定時間:5分、サーベイ測定の条件で行った。得られたサーベイスペクトルを用いた対象元素の定量化を、相対感度係数法を用いたソフトウエアで行った。こうしてXPS測定を行うことにより、シリコン濃度、炭素濃度等(原子%)を決定した。
i)キャリア12として算術平均粗さRa2.5nmの表面を有するポリエーテルサルフォン(PES)(製品名:スミカエクセル、住友化学社製)を用いたこと、及びii)炭素層16の厚さを3.0nmとしたこと以外は、例1と同様にして、キャリア付銅箔の作製及び評価を行った。結果は表1に示されるとおりであった。なお、極薄銅層18の炭素層16と反対側の表面の算術平均粗さRaは6.3nmであった。また、シリコン層14、炭素層16、及びシリコン系密着層20の組成は例1と概ね同様であった。
シリコン層14の代わりにアルミニウム層を以下のようにして形成したこと以外は、例1と同様にして、キャリア付銅箔の作製及び評価を行った。結果は表1に示されるとおりであった。なお、極薄銅層の炭素層と反対側の表面の算術平均粗さRaは4.6nmであった。また、炭素層16、及びシリコン系密着層20の組成は例1と概ね同様であった。
キャリア12の表面に、厚さ7.0nmのアルミニウム層を以下の装置及び条件でDCスパッタリングにより形成した。
‐ 装置:自走式スパッタリング装置(ヒラノ光音株式会社製)
‐ ターゲット:280mm×1580mm×厚さ6mmサイズのアルミニウムターゲット(純度99.99%)
‐ キャリアガス:Ar(流量:500sccm)
‐ スパッタリング圧:0.45Pa
‐ スパッタリング電力:1.8W/cm2
キャリア12として算術平均粗さRa7.5nmの表面を有するポリフェニレンサルファイド(PPS)フィルム(製品名:トレリナ、東レ社製)を用いたこと以外は、例1と同様にして、キャリア付銅箔の作製及び評価を行った。結果は表1に示されるとおりであった。なお、極薄銅層18の炭素層16と反対側の表面の算術平均粗さRaは10.3nmであった。また、シリコン層14、炭素層16、及びシリコン系密着層20の組成は例1と概ね同様であった。
i)キャリア12として以下のようにして作製された電解銅箔を用いたこと、及びii)シリコン層14の代わりにチタン層を以下のようにして形成したこと以外は、例1と同様にして、キャリア付銅箔の作製及び評価を行った。なお、極薄銅層18の炭素層16と反対側の表面の算術平均粗さRaは61.7nmであった。また、炭素層16及びシリコン系密着層20の組成は例1と概ね同様であった。
算術平均粗さRa60~70nmの光沢面を有する厚さ18μmの電解銅箔(三井金属鉱業株式会社製)をキャリア12として用意した。このキャリアを酸洗処理した。この酸洗処理は、キャリアを硫酸濃度150g/l、液温30℃の希硫酸溶液に30秒間浸漬して表面酸化被膜を除去し、水洗後、乾燥することにより行った。
酸洗処理後のキャリア(電解銅箔)の光沢面側に、厚さ6.0nmのチタン層を以下の装置及び条件でスパッタリングにより形成した。
‐ 装置:自走式スパッタリング装置(ヒラノ光音株式会社製)
‐ ターゲット:280mm×1580mm×厚さ6mmサイズのチタンターゲット(純度99.96%)
‐ キャリアガス:Ar(流量:500sccm)
‐ スパッタリング圧:0.45Pa
‐ スパッタリング電力:1.8W/cm2
キャリア12として算術平均粗さRa1.7nmの表面を有する厚さ50μmのポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム(製品名:ルミラー、東レ社製)を用いたこと以外は、例1と同様にして、キャリア付銅箔の作製及び評価を行った。結果は表1に示されるとおりであった。なお、極薄銅層18の炭素層16と反対側の表面の算術平均粗さRaは5.8nmであった。また、シリコン層14、炭素層16、及びシリコン系密着層20の組成は例1と概ね同様であった。
i)シリコン層14の代わりに厚さ6.0nmのチタン層を例5と同様にして形成したこと、及びii)炭素層16の厚さを0.5nmとしたこと以外は、例1と同様にして、キャリア付銅箔の作製及び評価を行った。結果は表1に示されるとおりであった。なお、極薄銅層18の炭素層16と反対側の表面の算術平均粗さRaは4.5nmであった。また、炭素層16及びシリコン系密着層20の組成は例1と概ね同様であった。
i)キャリア12として算術平均粗さRa3.7nmの表面を有する厚さ38μmのポリエーテルサルフォン(PES)フィルムを用いたこと、ii)シリコン層14の代わりに厚さ6.0nmのチタン層を例5と同様にして形成したこと、及び及びiii)炭素層16の厚さを5.0nmとしたこと以外は、例1と同様にして、キャリア付銅箔の作製及び評価を行った。結果は表1に示されるとおりであった。なお、極薄銅層18の炭素層16と反対側の表面の算術平均粗さRaは8.5nmであった。炭素層16及びシリコン系密着層20の組成は例1と概ね同様であった。
キャリア12として算術平均粗さRa3.8nmの表面を有する厚さ35μmのポリイミド(PI)フィルム(製品名:ユーピレックス-S、宇部興産株式会社製)を成膜面にコロナ処理をして用いたこと以外は、例1と同様にして、キャリア付銅箔の作製及び評価を行った。結果は表1に示されるとおりであった。なお、極薄銅層18の炭素層16と反対側の表面の算術平均粗さRaは6.9nmであった。シリコン層14、炭素層16、及びシリコン系密着層20の組成は例1と概ね同様であった。
例1~9のキャリア付銅箔について、以下に示されるとおり、各種評価を行った。評価結果は表1に示されるとおりであった。
キャリア12の加熱プレス耐性を評価すべく、各例において用いたキャリア12を単体で用意して、その耐熱性を調べた。具体的には、キャリア12をホットプレートに載せ、大気雰囲気下で室温から加熱して温度を徐々に上げていき、200℃から10℃毎に温度が到達した段階で、キャリア12に発生するクラック発生の有無を観察し、以下の順位に基づいて格付けした。
‐ 評価AA:290℃以上でクラックが発生しなかった。
‐ 評価A:260℃以上290℃未満でクラックが発生した。
‐ 評価B:230℃以上260℃未満でクラックが発生した。
‐ 評価C:230℃未満でクラックが発生した(不可)。
キャリア付銅箔10のシリコン系密着層20側を、厚さ30μmの樹脂付銅箔(RCC)(材質:エポキシ樹脂、三井金属鉱業株式会社製)の樹脂面に積層して220℃で90分間30kgf/cm2の圧力でプレスした。得られた銅張積層板に対して、キャリア12表面にUV-YAGレーザーを以下の条件で照射して、樹脂付銅箔(RCC)内の銅層に到達するビアホールを形成した。
[レーザー加工条件]
‐ 装置:UV-YAGレーザー加工機(LUC-2K21、ビアメカニクス株式会社製)
‐ プロセス:バースト(Burst)モード
‐ 出力:0.93W(例1~4及び6~8)又は5.26W(例5)
‐ パルス繰り返し率:50kHz
‐ ショット数:42(例1~4及び6~8)又は30(例5)
‐ 狙い径:30μm
‐ 評価A:±3μmの範囲内の加工精度
‐ 評価B:±5μmの範囲内の加工精度(但し、評価Aに該当するものを除く)
‐ 評価C:±10μmの範囲内の加工精度(但し、評価A及びBに該当するものを除く)
デスミア処理におけるキャリア12の耐食性を評価すべく、各例において用いたキャリア12を単体で用意して、その過マンガン酸ナトリウム耐性を調べた。具体的には、キャリア12を過マンガン酸ナトリウム溶液(過マンガン酸ナトリウム濃度:12Vol%、製品名:MLB213、アトテック社製)に80℃で30分間浸漬してキャリアの溶出による重量減少を測定し、以下の基準で格付けした。
‐ 評価A:5重量%未満
‐ 評価B:5重量%以上10重量%以下
‐ 評価C:10重量%以上(不可)
デスミア処理による剥離層(すなわちシリコン層14及び炭素層16)の耐食性を評価すべく、上記レーザー加工性試験によりビアホールが形成された銅張積層板に対して過マンガン酸ナトリウム溶液を用いたデスミア処理を行い、ビアホール端からの薬液の浸食量を評価した。
[膨潤処理]
‐ 処理液:20体積%(800mL/4L)のサーキュポジットMLBコンディショナー211及び10体積%(400mL/4L)のサーキュポジットZ
‐ 処理条件:75℃で5分間浸漬
[過マンガン酸処理]
‐ 処理液:12体積%(480mL/4L)のサーキュポジットMLBプロモーター213A-1及び15体積%(600mL/4L)のサーキュポジットMLBプロモーター213B-1
‐ 処理条件:80℃で5分間、10分間、20分間、又は30分間浸漬
[中和処理]
‐ 処理液:5体積%(200mL/4L)のサーキュポジットMLBニュートラライザー216-5
‐ 処理条件:45℃で5分間浸漬
評価A:ビアホール端からの薬液浸食量が10μm以下
評価B:ビアホール端からの薬液浸食量が10μm超50μm以下
評価C:ビアホール端からの薬液浸食量が50μm超(不可)
キャリア付銅箔における真空熱プレス後の剥離強度の測定を以下のように行った。キャリア付銅箔10のシリコン系密着層20側を、厚さ30μmの樹脂付銅箔(RCC)(材質:エポキシ樹脂、三井金属鉱業株式会社製)の樹脂面に積層して220℃で90分間30kgf/cm2の圧力でプレスした。得られた銅張積層板に対して、JIS C 6481-1996に準拠して、キャリア箔を剥離した時の剥離強度(gf/cm)を測定した。このとき、測定幅は50mmとし、測定長さは20mmとした。こうして得られた剥離強度(平均値)を以下の基準で格付けした。
評価A:剥離強度が10~30gf/cm
評価B:剥離強度が5~50gf/cm
評価C:剥離強度が5gf/cm未満又は50gf/cm超(不可)
上記各種の評価を総合して、下記の順位で格付けを行った。
評価A:C評価(不可)なし、B評価なし
評価B:C評価(不可)なし、B評価あり
評価C:C評価(不可)あり
Claims (9)
- ポリエチレンナフタレート樹脂、ポリエーテルサルフォン樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、及びポリフェニレンサルファイド樹脂から選択される少なくとも1種の樹脂で構成されるキャリアと、
前記キャリア上に設けられ、主としてシリコンを含んでなるシリコン層と、
前記シリコン層上に設けられ、主として炭素を含んでなる炭素層と、
前記炭素層上に設けられる極薄銅層と、
を備えた、キャリア付銅箔。 - 前記シリコン層のシリコン濃度が60原子%以上である、請求項1に記載のキャリア付銅箔。
- 前記シリコン層が1~50nmの厚さを有する、請求項1又は2に記載のキャリア付銅箔。
- 前記炭素層が0.1~10nmの厚さを有する、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のキャリア付銅箔。
- 前記極薄銅層の前記炭素層と反対側の表面が、JIS B 0601-2001に準拠して測定される、0.2~100nmの算術平均粗さRaを有する、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のキャリア付銅箔。
- 前記極薄銅層が50~2500nmの厚さを有する、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のキャリア付銅箔。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のキャリア付銅箔と、
前記キャリア付銅箔の前記極薄銅層上に設けられる樹脂組成物層と、
を備えた、樹脂付銅箔。 - 少なくともコア層の片面に樹脂層及び請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のキャリア付銅箔を順に積層して、又は請求項7に記載の樹脂付銅箔を積層して、キャリア付積層体を形成する工程と、
前記キャリア付積層体にレーザー加工を施して、ビアホールを形成する工程と、
前記ビアホールのスミアを除去するデスミア処理工程と、
前記デスミア処理工程後、前記キャリアを剥離するキャリア剥離工程と、
を含む、プリント配線板の製造方法。 - 前記デスミア処理工程と前記キャリア剥離工程との間、又は前記キャリア剥離工程後に、無電解銅めっきを行う工程をさらに含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
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| US16/065,519 US10772219B2 (en) | 2015-12-25 | 2016-12-01 | Copper foil with carrier, copper foil with resin and method for manufacturing printed wiring board |
| JP2017557829A JP6578379B2 (ja) | 2015-12-25 | 2016-12-01 | キャリア付銅箔、樹脂付銅箔、及びプリント配線板の製造方法 |
| KR1020187021148A KR102112127B1 (ko) | 2015-12-25 | 2016-12-01 | 캐리어 부착 구리박, 수지 부착 구리박 및 프린트 배선판의 제조 방법 |
| CN201680063741.1A CN108349208B (zh) | 2015-12-25 | 2016-12-01 | 带载体铜箔、带树脂铜箔以及印刷电路板的制造方法 |
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| JP2023530107A (ja) * | 2020-06-12 | 2023-07-13 | エルジー イノテック カンパニー リミテッド | 回路基板 |
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| JP6678704B2 (ja) * | 2018-07-20 | 2020-04-08 | 千住金属工業株式会社 | はんだ材料、ソルダペースト、及びはんだ継手 |
| EP3930996B1 (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2023-10-25 | Circuit Foil Luxembourg | Composite copper foil and method of fabricating the same |
| KR102752220B1 (ko) * | 2019-10-30 | 2025-01-10 | 교세라 가부시키가이샤 | 배선 기판 |
| US11393747B2 (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-07-19 | Advanced Semiconductor Engineering, Inc. | Substrate structure having roughned upper surface of conductive layer |
| WO2022264378A1 (ja) * | 2021-06-17 | 2022-12-22 | 昭和電工マテリアルズ株式会社 | 配線基板の製造方法及び積層板 |
| TWI836568B (zh) * | 2022-08-23 | 2024-03-21 | 嘉聯益科技股份有限公司 | 具導通孔之電路板線路結構的製作方法及所製成的具導通孔之電路板線路結構 |
| CN115948712B (zh) * | 2022-12-21 | 2025-03-25 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | 一种挠性覆铜板的制备方法 |
| CN119676966A (zh) * | 2023-09-20 | 2025-03-21 | 南亚塑胶工业股份有限公司 | 离型承载结构及铜箔复合结构 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN108349208B (zh) | 2021-04-20 |
| KR102112127B1 (ko) | 2020-05-18 |
| KR20180096766A (ko) | 2018-08-29 |
| CN108349208A (zh) | 2018-07-31 |
| TWI697412B (zh) | 2020-07-01 |
| TW201800237A (zh) | 2018-01-01 |
| JP6578379B2 (ja) | 2019-09-18 |
| JPWO2017110404A1 (ja) | 2018-05-10 |
| US20180376602A1 (en) | 2018-12-27 |
| US10772219B2 (en) | 2020-09-08 |
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