WO2017198797A1 - Noise control structure and method for producing same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a wall-type noise control structure for outdoor or indoor noise control, comprising a wall-type assembly of Helmholtz resonators (4, 5, 6) as resonance absorbers with different natural frequencies. The invention also relates to the use of an assembly of resonance absorbers as a wall-type noise-control structure and to a method for producing a corresponding noise-control structure.

Description

 Noise protection device

 and methods of their preparation

The invention relates to a planar or wall-like sound insulation device for insulating sound in the outer space or in interior spaces, with a flat, in the wall plane in both dimensions adjacent arrangement of resonance absorbers. The invention is characterized in that different resonance absorbers of different types can be combined with each other, but mainly Helmholtz resonators are used. The arrangement of the resonators themselves thus forms a wall-like structure. It does not just have to be structures with a smooth surface. Variants with three-dimensionally structured or profiled surfaces in the ground plan are also conceivable. The invention also relates to an arrangement of resonance absorbers, preferably of Helmholtz resonators, as a planar or wall-type soundproofing device and a method for producing a soundproofing device from Helmholtz resonators.

Resonance absorbers include Helmholtz resonators, including perforated surface absorbers, slot-shaped absorbers and membrane absorbers, as well as plate absorbers, including film absorbers, plate resonators and composite resonators, as well as microperforated absorbers (MPA), including MPA plates. MPA_filies and MPA_facies. (see Helmut V. Fuchs: sound absorber and silencer, 2nd edition, Springer Verlag 2010). The terms "resonator" and "resonance absorber" are used interchangeably below: According to the online reference work WIKIPEDIA ^® , the task of sound absorbers is to convert sound energy into other forms of energy, which are used in the field of noise protection and room acoustics subdivided into porous absorbers, resonance absorbers and absorbers according to their mode of operation, which represent a combination of both principles

In the case of the porous absorbers, the sound energy is converted into heat by friction of the air molecules in the absorber. This process is called dissipation. The absorption capacity is frequency-dependent and is determined by the porosity, a structure factor and a length-related flow resistance. The advantages of porous absorbers in a high absorption in the middle and upper frequency range. The disadvantage is generally low absorption at low frequencies.

The advantage of the resonance absorber is a high sound absorption at low frequencies. Disadvantage is the low sound insulation at the middle and high frequencies. The absorptivity of resonance absorbers is described by the equivalent sound absorption surface and is dependent on the arrangement of the resonator in space. The knowledge of the resonance frequency is not sufficient, however, to describe the absorption capacity of a resonator. The "goodness" or quality factor, which describes the bandwidth over which a resonator draws energy from the sound field, is also an important factor for the characterization of resonators, Moreover, the maximum absorption capacity (at the resonance frequency) is of crucial importance. The effectiveness is greater in the edges of the room than in the middle of the room, which means that the effectiveness in the arrangement of the corners in the room corners is greatest, and if several reactors are used, they can be arranged side by side on the closed surfaces.

Resonance absorbers consist essentially of a vibrating mass and a spring. The incident sound energy is converted into kinetic energy of the mass. The maximum absorption occurs in the range of the natural frequency, where the mass oscillates the strongest. As a mass both plates, z. As plywood, plasterboard, pressboard, artificial leather or foil (plate vibrator) are used, as well as perforated plates in the swinging air in the hole (perforated plate or Lochflächenabsorber, and classic Helmholtz resonators). As a spring acts behind the plate or in volume trapped air volume. A classic Helmholtz resonator consists of an air volume in any shape, which has a cylindrical narrow short neck with an opening to the outside. The mass is the air in the neck.

The applications of resonators are very diverse. In room acoustics, Helmholtz resonators can be used specifically for the absorption of narrow-band, low-frequency room modes. They can be used for example in concert halls, theaters, studios, office and conference rooms or schools. They can be both a visible part of the interior design, as well as concealed behind an open ceiling or perforated ceiling panels are arranged. The object of the invention is to provide a possibility for soundproofing devices that are designed for a specific acoustic emission profile or spectrum and thus offers greater effectiveness than conventional soundproofing devices. This object is achieved by the arrangement of a plurality of resonators with different, namely different natural frequencies in the above-mentioned soundproofing device. On the one hand, this can be achieved by combining resonance absorbers, for example Helmholtz resonators, with different dimensions. The variance of the dimensions relates not only to the outer dimensions of the resonators, but all their dimensions, for example, the dimensions of their respective opening areas, if given.

On the other hand, different, ie divergent, natural frequencies can also be achieved by the combination of different types of resonance absorbers. Because modifications of resonance absorbers, for example micro-perforated plates or film absorbers, can be very effective in the middle and higher F-ranges. They can also absorb very broadband. For example, since Helmholtz resonators can only absorb high frequencies using very large volumes, the combination of resonance absorbers of various types is advantageous in cases where high frequencies are also to be absorbed.

By combining the above-mentioned principles, that is to say by combining differently sized absorbers of different types, the functional feature of the broad band can be reliably achieved according to the invention.

If the resonance absorbers are those with prismatic, for example cuboid bodies, they can be arranged adjacent to one another on their flat outer walls and thus build up to form a wall-like structure. In principle, however, the resonance absorbers are not restricted to any specific geometric shape, ie they can be planar-limited or designed with curved surfaces as Vielflächner (polyhedron). However, their planar design allows for a more compact design of the soundproofing device according to the invention. Due to the different dimensions of the resonators and the openings in Helmholtz resonators, micro-perforated plates, etc., they may have different, different natural frequencies that define their respective maximum effectiveness. The arrangement of a large number of different resonators with different natural frequencies results in a broad acoustic spectrum or a large bandwidth of frequencies which are "swallowed" or absorbed let, against which the soundproofing device is to be used, receives the soundproofing device according to the invention compared with known soundproofing walls a much higher efficiency at a comparable expense.

The invention thus turns away from equipping the soundproof walls known for outdoor use with porous absorbers or to use the resonators known quasi punctually used for the interior. On the contrary, it pursues the principle of arranging different resonant absorbers differing in their dimensions and different in their type, and of tailoring them individually to the respective sound emission profile to be insulated or to be swallowed. Above all, by the combination according to the invention of different types of resonance absorbers in a wall-type soundproofing device, broadband absorbing systems can be formed. The invention is thus distinguished by the fact that for the first time different-sized resonators and different types of resonators are combined according to acoustic requirements in a coherently compact wall-like component in order to achieve a large bandwidth. According to the invention, the resonators do not form a mere aggregation of structurally independent resonators, but rather a structural unit in a coherently structurally closed structure. In this case, structures can be formed in which there are no two identical resonators. The invention succeeds not only to achieve a higher efficiency compared to known soundproofing devices, but also offers a variety of possibilities for an aesthetically pleasing design, especially for interiors.

The principle of the invention to apply resonance absorption in a planar arrangement and in an individual construction of each individual soundproofing device by separate design of each individual resonator can be used both outdoors and in the manner of classical soundproof walls which accompany, for example, traffic routes or shielding industrial facilities, as well as facade construction or in interiors, for example in offices, reception or train station halls, large meeting rooms or the like. Especially in interiors, high design requirements are made of such soundproofing devices, which can satisfy the soundproofing device according to the invention, as will be detailed below.

In principle, the wall-type soundproofing device according to the invention can be formed with covering plates running in the wall plane and a stiffening framework between them. The sound insulation device as a whole can be connected indoors to a floor or a ceiling plate. For outdoor use, it can be unilaterally anchored or clamped at its base in the ground. The stiffening framework can be composed of orthogonal to the cover plates extending, largely closed strip-shaped wall plates, which include separate compartments or honeycomb. It then forms a Voronoi structure or a kind of honeycomb structure in which the outer walls of two adjacent resonators coincide in a single wall disk. The cover plates and the framework have u.a. the purpose of soundproof air volumes in the honeycomb, which is to serve as a spring of an acoustically effective mass-spring system. The cover plates of Helmholtz resonators contain openings so that they form resonator necks, with which they define air volumes that form the masses of the mass-spring system. Moreover, in any case, the stiffening scaffold take over the task of the soundproofing device to provide sufficient rigidity. For statically higher requirements, it may also, if appropriate, in conjunction with the cover plates, be designed to give the soundproofing device sufficient intrinsic stability, with which the soundproofing device can be designed as an independent, self-supporting and independent or even load-bearing component.

Materials suitable for this purpose may be, for example, concrete, in particular textile concrete (TRC), but also wood, plasterboard, those with the involvement of lightweight aluminum profiles, metal, preferably aluminum lightweight profiles, and other materials. For concrete with all its subtypes, such as high-strength concrete (HPC), ultra-high-strength concrete (UHPC), textile concrete (TRC), lightweight concrete, etc., speaks of its durability, resilience, weather resistance, versatility of workability and its diverse aesthetic design options. In addition to the classic potting of concrete in Concrete and preparable formwork also concrete pressure method for producing the soundproofing device according to the invention in question, especially since it can produce in one operation irregular, rough or porous surfaces of the cover plates and wall plates, which are acoustically favorable. ,

The advantage of wood as a material for the soundproofing device according to the invention in turn offers the advantage from the outset of favorable porous surfaces and a suitable vibration behavior of wooden cover plates and wall panels. In addition, wood offers the possibility of, for example, CNC-supported production and assembly of components by means of a robot, which offers cost advantages due to the high degree of automation.

Depending on the acoustical requirement, lightweight aluminum profiles can be microperforated or perforated in whole or in part in order to increase their roughness and to improve their surface shading in terms of a lower quality factor.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the soundproofing device may consist of concrete and have rough and open-pored surfaces on the inside of their resonators. Rough surfaces increase the frictional resistance of the moving air inside the resonators, which leads to higher flow resistance on the inner sides, thus lowering the quality factor of the system and thus increasing the broadband capability of the resonator. The surface qualities of the insides enter into the overall evaluation of the soundproofing behavior of a resonator mathematically via the quality factor and are therefore an important factor for the soundproofing function. The surface roughness may advantageously be application-related, i. based on a given sound insulation problem or on a specific emission out targeted.

A rough surface can be produced by coating the inner surfaces of the resonators with known porous insulating materials. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, however, the soundproofing device may have a profiled surface of the insides of the resonators. For the production of the soundproofing device made of concrete allows the manipulation of the formwork surface a simple production of a suitable, reibvergrößernden surface already in the production of the cover plates and wall panels per se. This can be used as a processing step for bring a separate, non-material and also usually less durable coating unnecessary. Profiles or such low-noise surfaces can be produced with cast concrete, in particular HPC, UHPC or TRC. This usually requires the preparation of the formwork or the formwork, for example by treatment with foaming agents, eg. For example, with alumina, which leads to a "foaming" of the concrete surface, by acid application (so-called. "Acidify" or "acidify"), by structuring, insbesondre by microstructuring the formwork, for example by CNC method as a mechanical structuring, by application of dies in quenching processes for the purpose of texturing or profiling, or by means of CNC-structured adhesive films applied to the facing, by the use of heavy wood boards as formwork, by production of rough or porous surfaces in possibly CNC-supported concrete pressure processes, etc Other well-known methods for roughening or profiling concrete can be used in principle According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the soundproofing device or its cover plates and their wall panels can have a layer construction with a concrete core and concrete foam elements on their surfaces the concrete core serves for the carrying capacity and stability of the soundproofing device, the surfaces essentially ensure the high air friction. A stable concrete core can be produced in particular from HPC, UHPC or TRC. The concrete foam elements are then joined to the concrete core to form a sandwich panel, for example glued. The cover plates can also be formed on one side only with concrete foam elements, namely on their the cavity or interior of the resonators facing sides, which are not exposed to the weather in particular.

According to a further alternative embodiment of the invention, the soundproofing device according to the invention can have wall panes and / or cover plates of foamed concrete, in particular HPC or UHPC. With suitable stability and load capacity, components with a deep porosity can be produced without them having to be aftertreated or combined with other components.

According to a further alternative embodiment of the invention, the soundproofing device may have coarse-grained particulate additives or granules at least on the component surfaces. Fine gravel, expanded clay, wood shavings, plastic granules, broken glass, glass beads, ceramic particles, etc. In particular, by a surface setting retardation and subsequent exposure of the aggregates by removing the non-bonded cement paste, a rough surface can be achieved. The effect of Resonanzabsorbern consists - as explained above - on the principle of a mass-spring system. In the case of the Helmholtz resonator, the air trapped in the cavity acts as a spring and the air in the hole acts as a mass. To reverse the phase of the oscillating air mass in the resonator opening with respect to the excitation oscillation, a flow resistance or a frictional resistance is required. It prevents the resonator or the air mass from resonating with the sound signal to be canceled and, if necessary, from amplifying it. In conventional resonators, a layer of porous insulating material in the resonator volume or a layer of fleece is applied directly in front of or behind the resonator opening. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the soundproofing device can have a plurality of resonator openings per resonator and / or have high friction in the resonator opening itself. As a result of the plurality of resonator openings, a larger potential friction surface can be generated at the resonator openings while the mass remains constant. In particular, when the friction in the resonator openings is increased by surface treatments or coatings of the inner surfaces of the openings, a good insulating effect can be achieved.

The resonator openings can be covered with a sound-neutral material, such as a gauze or a fine wire mesh, especially in outdoor applications, to prevent the ingress of birds, insects and dust, etc.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the soundproofing device can have cover plates made of a transparent material such as acrylic or glass. As a result, it is possible to achieve an almost completely transparent soundproofing wall, which has many optical advantages, for example with regard to the visual restriction or orientation of road users, the exposure and, more generally, the overall aesthetic impression. In addition to a completely transparent soundproofing wall, it is also possible to create a partially transparent soundproofing device which, as a design element, allows an insight into its interior. The combination of opaque, partially transparent and fully constantly transparent sections of the soundproofing device or its corresponding resonator elements can offer a variety of design options.

The resonator openings are usually round. However, other shapes can also be selected, for example polygonal openings. For example, they may be required as cover plates when using laminated safety glass (LSG). The production of circular openings in laminated safety glass is very complicated due to the use of adhesive foils. Here it is advantageous to set so-called straight cuts, so to cut the VSG slices approximately to the size of individual compartments of the framework and finally to arrange the individual slices on the Resonatorgerüst that due to the size ratio of Resonatorfach and slightly smaller disc than the cover plate of the tray an opening is formed.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the Helmholtz resonators may have a resonator opening, on which a tubular neck or collar is formed. It gives the resonator opening in a direction of extension orthogonal to the plane of the plate a greater length than just the material thickness of the cover plate. The neck may extend in a direction away from or confined to the trapped air volume. With the formation of such a neck, whose cross-sectional geometry is functionally largely insignificant, both the oscillating mass of the mass-spring system and its friction in the neck of the resonator can be influenced. With changes of these sizes alone, it is possible to influence the resonant frequency, the broadband capability and the degree of absorption of the resonator while the void volume remains otherwise unchanged. With a neck which is directed into the resonator volume, the soundproofing device can be formed with flat outer surfaces.

The basis of the sound protection device according to the invention is the arrangement of resonance absorbers, in particular Helmholtz resonators in a wall-like structure next to each other. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the sound protection device can have an arrangement of different types of resonators in a direction orthogonal to the wall plane or one behind the other. This can be a space-saving and structurally compact arrangement of the different types of resonators produce, which can also contribute due to their different absorption properties to increased efficiency of the soundproofing device. For example, let Helmholtz resonators and micro-perforated plate and film resonators arranged in a kind of sandwich and orthogonal to the wall plane arranged one behind the other.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the soundproofing device can have necks of the Helmholtz resonators at their resonator openings facing a sound source, which serve as spacers of absorber plates on the cover plate of the Helmholtz resonators facing the sound source. As absorber plates, perforated plates, slotted plates or microperforated absorber plates (plate resonators, Helmholtz resonators and MPA) can be used. The necks of the Helmholtz resonators thus receive a double function, on the one hand that of an elongated resonator opening, which can be varied in terms of their diameter and their length, and on the other hand of spacers for defining a further volume of air, which acts as a spring, for example, a micro-perforated plate absorber , According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the necks can be designed to be elastic and hold a closed plate or a plurality of closed plates at a defined distance from the cover plates of the Helmholtz resonators. The necks of the Helmholtz resonators thus have a double function: on the one hand, the elongated resonator opening, which varies in diameter and length, and on the other hand, that of the springs of a classical plate oscillator, the closed plate representing the mass of the mass. Spring system represents.

Alternatively, the dual function can be dispensed with. The necks then act as the springs of a classic record swing. In addition, a combination of elastic and stiff necks is possible, with few, for example three or four rigid necks in the manner of hollow tubes constructively hold the plate at a distance and mitfedern in principle any number of elastic necks in the area defined by the rigid necks between them so that the plate vibrator function is ensured. In accordance with a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the cover plates of the Helmholtz resonators facing a sound source can be elastically supported relative to the framework from the wall disks. Particularly in the case of cover plates whose material deviates from that of the framework, the elastic support or decoupling of the compensation of the different thermal expansion coefficients of the materials can NEN. Glass or acrylic glass can be sealed, for example, with a silicone adhesive as a permanently elastic mass against a concrete framework. Separate frames with sealing strips in between can be used to press the cover plates and to seal the joints between the components made of different materials.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the soundproofing device can have so-called sound-screen improvers on their free top. WIKIPEDIA ^® defines Sound Screen Improvers (SSI) as devices that try to increase the efficiency of soundproof walls. Generally, in cross-section, they are cylindrical or prismatic objects attached to a top edge of a soundproofing device. Due to their special geometry, their inclination to the road surface, the use of absorbent materials and their rounded shape as opposed to sharp edges, diffraction effects are reduced, thus protecting a larger space behind the soundproofing wall from sound waves.

The object mentioned in the introduction is also achieved by the use of an arrangement of resonance absorbers, in particular of Helmholtz resonators according to one of the above claims, as a planar or wall-type soundproofing device.

The above-mentioned object is also achieved by a method for producing a soundproofing device, in particular of the type described above, comprising the following steps:

 a) detecting the acoustic profile of a room or predicting a sound emission or an acoustic emission spectrum at a target location for the soundproofing device,

 b) consideration of design requirements,

 c) output of a result as an aid to the manufacture of the device.

The recording of a sound emission at a target location for detecting the acoustic profile of the room can be afforded by a frequency-dependent level measurement according to DIN. A prognosis of a sound emission can be based on experience with the help of comparable values of already made level measurements. In addition, in particular by means of appropriate software, virtual acoustic models of a room can be created, which can serve as the basis of the calculation. The recorded or predicted noise emission provides the basis for a desired or required by existing regulations or laws noise level, in particular to comply with mandatory sound insulation requirements. With the recorded or predicted noise emission on the one hand and a noise level to be reached, the output data is available in order to determine appropriate and required resonators from it. According to the above-described soundproofing device, Helmholtz resonators can serve as a basis for the substantial absorption performance of the soundproofing device. Supporting further resonators, such as plate or micro-perforated plate absorber (MPA) may occur, which may be connected in the direction of sound "parallel" or "in series" as described above. Finally, an arrangement of the resonators in a wall surface is to be made. It is not only the purely spatial arrangement of the individual resonators to each other, but also their statics and that of the entire sound insulation device to be considered. Because it can - as already explained above - as an independent component, for example as fahrwegbegleitende noise barrier on a suitable foundation or be mounted as a curtain wall on a building.

The consideration of constructive requirements according to step b can be subdivided into the definition of respectively suitable parameters for acoustic and static requirements, which each lead to a common or several suitable absorber layout (s). Using the parameters, the application of the soundproofing device according to the invention can be integrated not only as a classical noise barrier along traffic routes, but also in tunnels and underpasses, for example in the walls or in the ceiling, in public places, as facade elements in public areas and generally in noise protection measures to capture. For interior spaces, it can be used in office buildings and, for example, in foyers and staircases, as a room divider or parapet, as a ceiling in open-plan offices and the like, but also in other high-traffic public spaces such as train station halls, airports, public transport stations, shopping centers or function rooms like concert halls or fair halls. These applications affect the usable material, for example concrete, wood, gypsum board, glass, acrylic glass, wood cement boards and the like. The material should be interpreted together with the statics as to whether the soundproofing device is used as a self-supporting or structurally integrated element, as a curtain wall or the like. The geometry, in particular of the Helmholtz resonators, is determined on the one hand according to the required acoustics, statics and the selected material, but can also be adapted to the design. based on polygonal structure, rectangles, regular and irregular polygons or round structures. The design may also be associated with the location-specific parameters, for example when the soundproofing device is placed in a historical environment. Other site-specific parameters may be a ground load capacity for the soundproofing device that may affect material selection, possible foundation dimensions or area available, and the like. By taking into account one or all of these parameters, the invention results in the production of highly individualized products. Their design can be based on a data model and can be advantageously automated with the aid of modern data processing technologies and robots or CNC-based production technologies.

The method can lead to step c in the creation of a 3D model and / or the creation of implementation plans for the soundproofing device according to the invention as a tool or tool for producing the soundproofing device. Both processes may preferably be digital. The data obtained from it can be processed directly in a production facility for concrete sound insulation device or components thereof.

The invention therefore turns away from taking over only based on general experience soundproofing constructions. On the contrary, it pursues the principle of detecting the concrete sound emissions at a target location and of designing and producing a soundproofing device dimensioned for the specific circumstances and for an absorption power to be achieved. In this way, it makes possible a higher efficiency of the soundproofing device according to the invention compared to known devices of comparable dimensions. With the increasing performance, such soundproofing devices gain a higher acceptance so that they can be used more widely. Due to the above-mentioned aesthetic advantages of the soundproofing device according to the invention, the method can also generally be applied to public space beyond traffic routes and in heavily frequented interiors.

The principle of the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing by way of example. In the drawing show: Figures 1 to 3: a structure of a soundproofing device according to the invention

Wood materials,

 FIGS. 4a to 4d a construction of concrete,

FIGS. 5a to 5d show a component of a formwork system,

FIGS. 6a to 6c show an embodiment with series-connected resonators,

FIGS. 7a to 7c show an embodiment with parallel-combined resonators,

FIG. 8: a flow diagram of a production process

FIG. 9: an embodiment as a continuum,

 FIGS. 10 and 11 show a demonstrator of a textile-reinforced lightweight absorber, arrangement of three Helmholtz resonators to form a module,

FIG. 12 shows a schematic illustration of a flexible node formwork for the production of a textile-reinforced lightweight absorber for connecting four webs,

Figure 13: a schematic diagram of the connection of the web formwork to the node element for a connection of four webs.

Figures 1 to 3 show an element 1 of a soundproofing device according to the invention, which consists of a number of Helmholtz resonators, which are arranged in a wall plane: In Figure 1, first a rear cover plate 2 and a stiffening framework 3 are shown. The rear cover plate 2 consists of a flat and completely closed plate of wood cement or wood fiber material. The stiffening frame 3 is composed of a plurality of strip-shaped closed wall discs 3b, which form an irregular honeycomb-like structure and are surrounded by a rectangular frame 3a. The framework 3 is exemplified of wood or wood-based material and mounted in a conventional manner, but may consist of any other material that has the appropriate carrying capacity and an acoustically effective surface. The framework 3 divides the total volume of the element 1 into different sized and irregularly shaped quadrangular, rectangular and square compartments 4. The interiors of the compartments 4 later form the cavities of the Helmholtz resonators. The framework 3 is otherwise constructed according to usual static requirements, so that the element 1 carries itself and can be set up wall-like without further supports on a foundation, not shown.

Although training as a stiffening frame construction is possible, the term frame does not have to be understood in a static constructive sense. Next only denote the upper and lower end and the lateral geometric boundaries of a component or a wall segment. If the frame is orthogonal, this usually influences the geometry of the resonators in the edge region. They appear as if cut off. A variant is the "toothing" of components or of segments in the sense of a continuum, as shown in Figure 9. The resonators maintain their calculated geometry, so that an irregularly shaped edge results in the sense of a positive-negative figure or While the optical dominance of the orthogonal frame structure makes it easy to identify individual wall segments, in the second case the impression of a continuous, uninterrupted structure arises. An advantage of this design is that only a few resonators have to be cut and impaired or adjusted in terms of their functional-acoustic, sound-absorbing effect.

FIG. 2 additionally shows the position of resonator necks 5 within the compartments 4. The necks 5 consist of cylindrical pipe sections which are open on both sides and which-here simplified-all have the same diameter and the same length. In real calculated models, the necks 5 will be in their dimensions of the acoustic design of the individual resonator following largely different or different number or different volume. The necks 5 are fastened to a suitably perforated, front cover plate 6, which is shown in FIG. The front cover plate 6 covers the stiffening frame 3 completely and completely, and has the same outer dimensions as the rear cover plate 2. Unlike those, the front cover plate 6 is perforated with circular holes 7 having the same diameter as the resonator necks 5 and correspond to them. The resonator necks 5 are fastened concentrically to the holes 7 by a rear side of the front cover plate 6 (not visible in FIG. 3). However, the necks 5 are not as long as the element 1 and in particular the stiffening framework 3 is deep. So they do not reach up to the rear cover plate 2 zoom, but end earlier. This is an air content 8 within the necks 5 in conjunction with the interior of the subjects. 4

The complete element 1, as shown in FIG. 3, is thus composed of eighteen compartments 4 closed on both sides, which each have an opening on the front cover plate 6 through a hole 7 with a neck 5 protruding inwards. That's the way it is Element 1 is composed of eighteen individual Helmholtz resonators. Due to the different size of the compartments 4 and the air volumes trapped therewith, the eighteen Helmholtz resonators offer a different characteristic of their sound absorption performance. Thus, the element 1 already offers a considerable frequency bandwidth, which it is able to attenuate due to its structure of differently sized Helmholtz resonators. The choice of material, namely wood for the stiffening framework 3 and wood cement panels for the rear cover plate 2 and the front cover plate 6 with its rough open-pored surface ensures a high flow resistance of moving air within the compartments 4 and in particular within the necks 5. The Struk described here - Tur in the same form could also be made of textile concrete or in the concrete pressure process. It would then have different acoustic properties.

Each Helmholtz resonator thereby acts as a sound absorber, since the impact of airborne sound sets the air volumes 8 of the necks 5 in motion. The air volume 8 rests on the air content of each compartment 4 as on a spring. Thus, the volume of air 8 constitutes a mass and the air content of the associated compartment 4 constitutes a spring of a mass-spring system capable of vibrating To convert airborne sound into a kinetic energy of an oscillating mass and thus to absorb it. The friction of flowing air, in particular in the necks 5, prevents the volume of air 8 from merely absorbing the vibration excitation from the airborne sound and oscillating at the same frequency. Rather, the rough surfaces of the compartments 4 and the Helmholtz resonator provide for damping the oscillatory movements of the mass or the air volume 8 up to reversing its phase, so that it oscillates against the stimulating oscillation of the sound. In addition, the absorption behavior of a resonator that is damped inside changes to such an extent that its absorption power is distributed over a broader frequency spectrum - it has a broadband effect. Unattenuated resonators act selectively with extremely high efficiency, damped systems usually have broadband with a slightly lower efficiency. The arrangement of the holes 7 on the front cover plate 6 is based on the trays 4 lying behind and the orientation to the outside. Here, a position of the resonator opening is preferred, which faces the maximum of the sound pressure level in the space to be damped. The location of each hole 7 relative to the respective compartment 4 can be chosen as much as possible, so that a variety of arrangement options the holes 7 and thus offer wide design options for the front cover plate 6 already given the stiffening framework 3. Further possibilities of variation result from the design of the stiffening framework 3 or by the shape and arrangement of the compartments 4, as is illustrated by way of example in the examples of the following figures.

FIG. 4a shows a comparable element 10 of a soundproofing device according to the invention. It consists in principle of the same components, namely a rear cover plate 12 and a stiffening frame 13, which forms a plurality of irregularly shaped and differently shaped compartments 14. As in the illustration in FIG. 2, resonator necks 15 assigned to each compartment 14 are also shown in FIG. 4 a, which are fastened to a front cover plate, not shown.

The stiffening framework 13 is composed of a frame 13a and a multiplicity of closed wall disks 13b which meet at nodal points 16 at different angles. This results in a honeycomb-like structure of the stiffening frame 13 from the differently shaped and different sized polygonal subjects 14th

As a material for the stiffening frame 13 is concrete. In order to be able to use it in the smallest possible material thickness for the closed wall disks 13b while at the same time having the highest possible stability and load capacity, high-strength concrete (HPC), ultra-high-strength concrete (UHPC), both possibly as textile concrete (TRC), can be used. Especially HPC and UHPC are characterized by a dense and homogeneous microstructure with a low capillary pore content. Their surfaces are so very smooth. In order to achieve a suitable for absorption purposes rough surface texture, the closed wall panels 13b may consist of a concrete core 17 in particular of one of the three special concretes and be provided with a coating 18 of a porous material, such as a conventional insulation material or a foamed concrete. A sectional view of such a sandwich-type closed wall plate 13b is shown in FIG. 4b.

Figures 4c and 4d represent comparable sectional views through a closed wall plate 13b. According to Figure 4c, it is also made of a concrete core 17 as shown in Figure 4b, but now provided in one piece with a coating 18 of foamed concrete. This succeeds in a common manufacturing process, in which on the formwork a foaming agent is applied, which foams the surface of the concrete. This makes it possible to produce a closed wall plate 13b whose core 17 and its porous coating 18 are formed integrally and in the same production process, and with which a separate processing step for the application of a coating 18 can be dispensed with. The one-piece production of the core 17 and the coating 18 also promises their very durable connection.

FIG. 4d shows a further sectional view of a closed wall plate 13b and the formwork parts 19 used for its production. The wall plate 13b is no longer provided with a foamed coating, but has a profiled surface 20. It is already produced during the production of the closed wall plate 13b in that the formwork part 19 used for this purpose has a corresponding or negatively profiled surface. The plurality of corners and edges of the profiled surface 20 also generates a high frictional resistance of flowing air, which is desirable in the entire interior of the compartments 14 and increases the absorption capacity of the Helmholtz resonators. The manufacturing principles for the closed wall disks 13b shown in the sections 4b to 4d can of course also be applied to the inner sides of the rear cover plate 12 facing the subjects 14 and the front cover plate (not shown) and the inner sides of the frames 13a. A combination of the principles illustrated in FIGS. 4c and 4d is also possible.

A significant advantage of the production of the soundproofing device according to the invention consists of the reusability of the formwork used in this case. Because of the large number of different angles in which the closed wall disks 13b can meet at the nodes 16, the different number of wall disks 13b meeting at the junctions 16 and the different lengths of the wall disks 13b, the components of the formwork must have a high degree of flexibility in their combination possibilities , The different lengths of the wall disks 13b can be formed by corresponding formwork parts 19 of different lengths. However, to maintain a separate formwork part for each of the different nodes would represent an unjustifiable expense and storage requirements. They can therefore according to the figures 5a to 5d with flexible formwork sections 21, 22 form, which are exemplified only for the creation of a pointed outer corner, but can also apply to nodes 16 (see Figure 4a), in which a Meet a plurality of closed wall discs 13b in almost any angle, as Figures 12 and 13 illustrate.

For this purpose, the formwork sections 21, 22 according to Figure 5 a to d of two rigid strips 23 and an interposed flexible strip 24 composed. The rigid strips 23 are cut to length specifically and may be formed from conventional rigid formwork materials, such as coated multiplex or Betoplan. The largely flush mounted between flexible strip 24 consists of a flexible and concrete-resistant plastic. In each case, the left rigid strips 23 of the formwork sections 21 and 22 are opposite to each other in a conventional manner, e.g. fixed with known spacers according to Figure 5b. Subsequently, the shuttering section facing the viewer 21 can be bent in the region of its flexible strip 24 until the two rigid strips 23 of the formwork section 21 are at a desired angle to each other. Subsequently, according to FIG. 5 c, the facing section 22 facing away from the user can be correspondingly deflected at its flexible strip 24 so that its right rigid strip 23 lies opposite that of the formwork section 21. In this position, they are again fixed in a known manner parallel to each other. In order to maintain the desired position even under load during the concreting process, locking angles 25 can be inserted into the inner corners according to FIG. 5d. Now the formwork sections 21, 22 can be connected to those for the closed wall sections 13b.

Consequently, it is not necessary to provide individual formwork sections 21, 22 for the formation of different angles and multiply branched nodes 16 (compare FIGS. 4a and 12, 13). They can be used in a variety of different constellations without having to be modified themselves. Alone the locking angle 25 are components of a formwork system, which can be largely used individually and only for a single concrete angle. And even they can be used multiple times insofar as they can be designed to be combined with each other, so that multiple locking angle for smaller angles together can form a larger angle. Thus, despite the large number of required different nodes 16 can specify a formwork system that requires no unmanageable number of items and yet can specify a variety of forms. FIGS. 6a to 6c show three illustrations (planar, perspective and in exploded view) of a further embodiment of a soundproofing device according to the invention. It contains two types of resonators, namely Helmholtz resonators and MPA, which are arranged one after the other in the sound direction, and a soundproofing device according to the invention can be arranged side by side and one above the other by combining a plurality of elements 30. The element 30 consists of a closed rear cover plate 31, a stiffening frame 32, which can be prepared and formed in principle as those of Figures 1 to 5. In the assembled state, this results in the already described in themselves compartments 33, the volumes are each components of individual Helmholtz resonators.

Each compartment 33 is here, however, covered by its own front cover plate 34. Each individual cover plate 34 is glued permanently elastic in a fold, which can be formed on the cover plates 34 facing front sides of the frame 32. Even adjacent cover plates 34 therefore have no rigid connection with each other. Each cover plate 34 has a hole 35 on which a cylindrical neck 36 is fixed, which, unlike in the previous embodiments, does not protrude into the compartment 33 but points away from it and faces outwards. The necks 36 thus represent spacers and / or mounting options for a perforated front panel 37, on the one hand has a cell-shaped uniform hole pattern 39 of small perforations and an irregularly distributed hole pattern of different sized holes 38. The holes 38 correspond to the necks 36 and holes 35 in the front cover plates 34, respectively. The front plate 37 is also transparent so as to provide a view of the underlying structure, as illustrated in FIGS. 6b and 6c.

Each element 30 presents itself as a sound absorption element which has two absorber types one behind the other in the sound direction. Because each compartment 33 in the frame 32 forms together with the rear cover plate 31 and its respective front cover plate 34, the hole 35 and the associated neck 36 a Helmholtz resonator. The irregular shape of the stiffening framework 32 provides Helmholtz resonators of different sizes and thus different absorption behavior. The mounted on the necks 36 front plate 37 in turn represents another type of absorber that works on the principle of MPA. The volume of air trapped between the front cover plate 34 and the front plate 37 therefore itself constitutes a spring on which the volume of air in the perimeter tions of the front panel 37 is mounted and can swing as a mass as on a spring. This results in a combination of two types of resonators, with the Helmholtz resonators absorbing frequencies in the low frequency range and the lower midrange while the MPA covers lower and upper midrange frequencies. In particular, the individual Helmholtz resonators of the element 30 can be adapted to their respective absorption power or resonance frequencies, for which not only their volume, but also the size or the diameter, material thickness (or neck length) of the respective hole 35 are varied can. The MPA of the element 30, in turn, can be varied in terms of the degree of perforation and the diameter of its cellular perforation and the thickness of its front panel. Overall, despite the unchanged outer dimensions, this offers numerous acoustic variation options for element 30. In particular, Figures 6b and 6c also illustrate that their construction of the transparent front panel 37 and optionally the choice of a transparent material for the front cover plates 34 and the arrangement of the holes 38 and 35 an interesting design is created, which also offers a variety of possible variations.

FIGS. 7a to 7c show, in comparable views, an embodiment of a further soundproofing device according to the invention. It also contains two types of resonators, namely classic Helmholtz resonators, MPA and perforated plate absorbers, which are viewed in the sound direction quasi "parallel", namely next to each other or one above the other.Each element 40 in turn consists of a closed rear cover plate 31, a stiffening framework 32, 6a to 6c, which, when assembled, result in the compartments 33 already described per se, the volumes of which in each case represent components of individual resonators.

Each compartment 33 is in turn covered by its own front cover plate 41, 42, 43. Even adjacent front cover plates 41, 42, 43 in turn have no rigid connection with each other. But now differ the cover plates 41, 42, 43 and thus determine the respective resonator type: the front cover plates 41 are in a coarser distance, larger diameter and in smaller numbers, the front cover plates 42 at a smaller distance, very small diameter (micro perforation) and perforated in a larger number, so that they form together with the underlying trays 33 perforated plate absorber or MPA. Each compartment 33 each contains an air volume as a spring on which a plurality of masses in the holes of the respective perforated cover plates 41, 42 can oscillate. They differ not only in terms of the size and shape of the compartments 33, but also by their front cover plates 41, 42, which is a great design variety is given. Already with this, a large acoustic bandwidth can be covered.

The front cover plates 43, however, each have only one hole 44, whereby they pretend the effect as a classic Helmholtz resonator. Thus, each element 40 can be designed for a wide range of frequencies to be absorbed by the use of perforated plate absorbers and at the same time of Helmholtz resonators.

FIG. 8 shows a highly schematized sequence for a method for producing a soundproofing device. The sequence is subdivided into three sections A, B, C: The first section A relates to the detection of the acoustic profile of the room. A noise emission at a target location is specifically recorded or - especially in new construction projects - predicted. For the detection of such concrete sound emissions, there are regulations, for example, the frequency-dependent level measurement according to DIN. In turn, forecasts can be based on known observations. Step A thus represents an abstract and objective detection of the sound source.

The second section B deals with the consideration of acoustic and static requirements. It is divided into two stages:

 - first stage B1: taking account of acoustic requirements by laying down appropriate parameters, for example on the applications of soundproofing devices in the

Indoor or outdoor space, on the (room) use, on reverberation time and speech intelligibility and on an upper limit sound level. It is necessary or desirable and is based, for example, on statutory sound insulation requirements. It results from a target sound level, which is to be achieved after completion of the soundproofing device according to the invention or must. On the basis of the mentioned parameters, both an absorption spectrum and a resonator combination or resonator design can be determined.

Second stage B2: Consideration of static requirements: The resonator combination or resonator design is translated into a construction in the second stage. Be here also takes into account corresponding parameters, in particular the statics, for example a statically self-supporting or load-bearing construction, a freestanding or clamped or suspended structure, the material used for the stiffening framework, for which wood, concrete, plasterboard, possibly with an aluminum substructure, and the like for Can use, as well as the material for the cover of the stiffening framework, which can serve acrylic glass, glass, concrete, wood, plasterboard and the like, etc.

Both stages B1, B2 can be parameterized. By parameterizing both stages B1, B2, different variants for soundproofing devices can be created by changing individual parameters with little effort.

In principle, influencing factors that can result from the concrete construction situation are taken into account. These include, for example, the applications of sound insulation devices in the outer space, there for example as a noise barrier or as a curtain or self-supporting preferably transparent facade cladding, in the interior, for example, as a suspended ceiling, as parapet, as inner atrium or shop facade, as a partition or the like. The scope of application also largely determines the material. The material in turn and the intended use can determine the respective statics, which can be based on a load-bearing, self-supporting construction or on a structurally integrated element. Finally, a desired or required aesthetics may be taken into account, which in turn results essentially from the material and the field of application, but possibly also from the ambition of a competent architect.

After a suitable, preferably digital processing of all acquired data and parameters, the result can be modeled and displayed in a 2D or 3D model and preferably digitally in section C, which in turn results in concrete execution plans and the code for the CNC or robot-based Derive production.

The invention in the words of the prior application:

The project participants intend, for their planned joint cooperation project Textile Concrete Lightweight Absorber - Adaptable Soundproofing System for the Public Space for the lower middle and bass range In self-supporting textile-concrete lightweight construction to apply for the promotion. The funding is intended to support the development of a technically and functionally novel flexible, weather-resistant component made of textile-reinforced HPC or UHPC for the precise and comprehensive broadband absorption (noise reduction) of the particularly critical emissions of medium and low sound frequencies.

The appearance of the novel broadband absorber is determined by an irregular polygonal structure ("irregularly shaped honeycomb structure") (Figure 10), which is the result of the algorithmic combination based on measurements of sound-absorbing Helmholtz resonators, each of different size a lightweight structure to a well-defined soundproofing highly effective broadband A typical application of the projected system is the use as a sound barrier to protect against traffic noise.

The Helmholtz resonator principle is thus used for the first time in a comprehensive manner for sound insulation in semi-public and public areas or outdoors (open field). Unique features (innovation criteria) compared to comparable systems are the following characteristics:

· The projected textile-reinforced concrete sound insulation system is suitable for the reduction of noise emissions of medium and low frequencies in the open field.

 • Each soundproofing element is individual. It is built on the basis of sound measurements and structural calculations based thereon specifically for the needs of a job site. The honeycomb structure is formed from differentiated Helmholtz resonators, each with its own frequency component; the individual (overlapping) frequency components form a broadband spectrum based on the individual noise protection requirements of the site.

• The absorbers are manufactured for the first time in textile-reinforced lightweight construction. The projected textile-reinforced sound insulation system is therefore lighter and more material-efficient than comparable resonator and material-based absorber systems. Components up to the size of sound insulation walls can therefore be prefabricated in the precast process and implemented with relatively little technical effort for transport and installation. • For the first time, textile concrete grades with a rough or porous surface are used for the production of the absorber elements in accordance with the acoustic requirement of a "low quality factor." This combination of "thin-walled" and "rough / open-pore" is a novel feature for the construction of thin-walled TRC components The absorption behavior of a sound insulation system or of a resonator is also determined by its material and surface quality, which is referred to as the "quality factor." A low (!) Quality factor is advantageous for broadband absorption, which corresponds to resonators with an inside rough or open-pored surface ,

 • The formwork system on which the configured textile-reinforced concrete noise protection system is based is new. It allows the economic production of individual soundproofing elements in large numbers and in short time (> customized solution instead of standardized modular construction).

The aim of the project is to formulate the construction and materiality of the textile lightweight concrete absorber with regard to static and acoustic requirements as well as the easily changeable shawl system required for its production to production maturity. The production of the absorber takes place by means of a precast process. Structural structures can be prefabricated up to the size of (transportable) walls or constructed of modules of any size. After prototypical proof of the functional effectiveness of the absorber principle presented in preliminary studies by the applicants, the development project focuses on the following key areas:

 • Development of textile concrete qualities with a rough or open-pored surface in accordance with the acoustic requirement of a "low quality factor"

 • Development of a formwork system for the production of individualized textile concrete finishing parts with an acoustically optimized irregular polygonal structure ("irregular honeycomb structure")> flexibilized precast concrete production

 • Development of a component design tool for transferring sound measurement results to an absorber layout (process sequence Measurement> CAD wall processing or - Module designation> Formwork> Concreting process)

The aim is to develop a cost-efficient, environmentally sound, sustainable system that is optimized in terms of its technical, functional and aesthetic features and which can be offered according to national and international standards. The system should be robust, that is suitable for use in public spaces in general. An important application is the operational capability along highly frequented traffic routes (sound wall for the motorway) for which potential market potential can be demonstrated by the applicants.

2. Application as a construction product for public spaces

The Helmholtz resonator principle is thus used for the first time in a comprehensive manner for sound insulation in semi-public and public areas or outdoors (open field). So far, due to the limitations resulting from previously insufficiently developed designs, such systems are only used occasionally and almost exclusively indoors. In general, the use of passive absorbers in the low frequency range is not practicable since the required physical effect can only be achieved by using enormously large amounts of porous material. Against this background, the sound-absorbing properties of mass-optimized Helmholtz resonators were occasionally investigated and occasionally converted into products. However, these are only standardized elements with very low possible combinations, from which simple soundproofing systems for a limited frequency spectrum can be formed. Technically beyond going active systems such as the so-called Active Noise Control (ANC) are finally not suitable for medium (and high) frequencies and also very expensive in installation and operation.

The projected textile-concrete absorber elements can now be tuned due to their novel construction and materiality as well as due to their novel manufacturing process much more precise and effective on the sound emissions to be insulated in the open field than before. The sound-absorbing elements are not formed as previously customary from a small selection of standardized elements, but parametrically combined from an arrangement of with respect to the individual case or the place of use precisely defined resonators of sound insulation required size to self-supporting spatial structures. The disturbing frequency range in the lower middle and bass range can be reduced in a broadband manner and indeed so differentiated that the frequencies, which are particularly disturbing in terms of their amplitude, are maximally lowered as resonant frequencies of the Helmholtz resonators. The absorption effect is further improved by the low quality of the surface. The surface structure prevents among other things ... The function of this construction product with very high efficiency is based on the sonic principle of the Helmholtz resonator. Typical design is provided with an opening cavity. If sound hits the cavity through the opening, the air within the volume behaves like a spring capable of vibrating, on which an "air plug" (ie the volume of air in the area of the opening as a mass) oscillates.

The sound energy incident on the definable air volumes of spring and mass is converted by the resulting resonator frequency into a kinetic energy related to this air mass, thereby effectively reducing the causative and annoying sound frequency ("soundproofing with the help of air") A good mode of action is further increased by the specific arrangement or frequency-dependent combination of a plurality of resonators each with its own frequency range (> frequency combination with overlapping frequency ranges.) At least three or more different sized resonators form a honeycomb-like module (see FIG Wall (Figure 1 1).

Sound of medium and low frequencies is maximally absorbed with minimal use of material. Economical and effective sound insulation in the range of medium and low frequencies is realized for the first time with the means of textile-reinforced structural lightweight construction. The tried-and-tested principle of the Helmholtz resonator is structurally and conclusively reinterpreted in an independent, application-related manner.

Sound and noise protection is one of today's important environmental topics. We have become a noisy company. The health of individuals is clearly influenced by noise perceived as noise. In the context of growing cities and new, changing building typologies, noise has become a significant risk factor for stress-related illnesses. Sound from the lower middle and bass ranges is often perceived as dull and booming. Helmholtz resonators are a technically very good solution for sound and noise protection in these frequency ranges. For the conception of particularly sustainable lightweight construction solutions, they are predestined, as it were. In general, the potential of Helmholtz resonators has not been exhausted so far. Solutions available on the market are not differentiated enough to match a broad frequency range with regard to functional space-specific and structural requirements. There are currently only very limited application-related solutions that can be meaningfully integrated into a room or structural context without its use being restricted or its appearance being destroyed. Requirements for weather and temperature resistance, low weight, ease of installation and maintenance are only partially met by currently commercially available solutions. Helmholtz resonators are currently mostly made of wood, chipboard or plasterboard; z. B. in the form of suspended perforated ceilings in a largely standardized design, with standardized perforation and defined plate formats. In addition, there are no transparent solutions.

Due to its variable parametric-generative structure, the projected novel textile lightweight lightweight absorber is characterized by an extremely high adaptability in terms of acoustic-room-specific requirements. The material combination with acrylic or glass on the front and back of the resonator structure allows transparent construction. In terms of construction, the system can optionally be used selectively, such as a load-bearing wall or as a façade system. Thus, it does not constitute an additional structural measure, but can be fully integrated as part of the constructional-structural system of a building. Due to its special characteristics, it is possible for the first time to realize a comprehensive soundproofing for the area of the hitherto critical medium and low frequencies in a technically and economically sensible way.

Possible applications are all closed and semi-closed rooms, but especially public spaces such. As entrance halls and the usual today, extending over several storeys atrium-like developments of stations, airports, shopping malls and office buildings. Public waiting areas, tunnels, pedestrian underpasses, assembly halls and sports halls. In addition, the system is suitable as a building facade system (noise reduction in densely populated urban areas / in "street canyons") as well as for the reduction of traffic noise along high-traffic roads (motorway noise protection wall).

3. Summary of patentable innovations> Invention share A> BROADBANDNESS OF THE ABSORBENT SYSTEM

 An advantage of the configured system is the possibility of absorbing a larger frequency range. This functionality is called broadband of the absorber system. The projected system / invention is also distinguished from comparable systems by its location-relatedness. This is achieved by the following measures that support or complement each other:

Different sized absorbers are combined, each with its own frequency component; the individual (overlapping) frequency components form a broadband spectrum. The location-specific absorber structure (distribution and size) forming the component is calculated on the basis of measurements and implemented structurally.

 Sonic properties such. B. the absorption behavior of a resonator are further determined by its surface condition, which is referred to as quality factor. For the broadband absorption of advantage is a low (!) Quality factor. This corresponds to HR with a rough or open-pored surface inside.

 A common and effective method for achieving a low quality factor is the use of open-pored insulation materials. While insulating materials made of sustainable raw materials generally have to be protected against environmental influences (UV radiation, moisture) in outdoor applications in particular, more durable insulating materials such as rock wool are not biodegradable as mineral insulating materials. In case of disposal, high environmental regulations must be observed. Specially developed take-back systems of large manufacturers such. B. Rockwool show that the use of such mineral insulation is ecologically harmless. Often, insulating materials also decompose over time and, as dusts, can affect air quality.

The projected system brings the constructional advantages of textile-reinforced concrete (> lightweight construction) with the sound-technical advantages of a low surface quality to the combination. For the production of the required combination "thin-walledness + roughness / open porosity" of the components, several methods are available:

Production of a suitably rough surface of a TRC element by a correspondingly profiled formwork skin,

Production of a suitably rough surface of a TRC element by a microprofiled formwork skin, • Production of an open-pore surface of a TRC element by using foaming agents on the surface, eg. B. by application by means of a pretreated with foaming formwork skin,

 • Combination of textile-reinforced concrete elements with thin concrete foam elements to sandwich elements, wherein the TRC element depending on the position of the core or the exposed outside of an element element forms and

 • Foaming of HPC or UHPC> only suitable for smaller element lengths and component sizes or elements with thicker wall thicknesses

 • Application / implementation of coarse or particulate aggregates or granular matter on the surface of the TRC element, eg. As fine gravel, expanded clay, wood chips, plastic granules, glass breakage, glass beads, ceramic particles.

B> PRODUCTION OF BUILDING PRODUCTS BY FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING

The very high adaptability, which is important for the effectiveness and use of the construction product, is due to the flexibilized production of precast concrete products. By means of a component design tool based on a modification of the Rhino / Grasshopper module (own development of the applicant), sound measurement results about the process sequence

Measurement> CAD wall processing or module designation> Formwork> Concreting procedure structurally transferred to an individual application-related absorber layout. Individualized ready-mixed textile precast concrete elements, the shape of which is the result of precise, location-specific sound measurements, are manufactured economically using a flexible production process.

The individual, ie geometrically varying, absorber components are manufactured from textile-reinforced HPC or UHPC using a flexible prefabricated shuttering system. The development of this precast formwork system for cost-effective production is part of the planned project. What is required is the quick and easy adaptation of the formwork layout using largely identical or similar elements and commercially available formwork material (formwork panels). The honeycomb structure of the absorber is constituted by nodes and web-like rods. The previously calculated component variances are essentially determined by the number and angles of the webs coordinated in a node, as well as generated over the web length. Therefore, the scarf system differentiates between geometrically similar, only angle-varying nodes as connecting points of the honeycomb structure (knot formation according to statics) and in their length varying connecting webs. For the positioning of the absorber formwork, the determined CAD formwork layout is first projected onto the formwork table in an angular manner. The formwork elements are placed on the formwork rear wall "upright lying." The formworks of elastic formwork material (FIG. 12), which stabilizes itself by the adjustment of the angles and the curve radii that are created, are always the same height (corresponding to 13) Once the formwork has been completed, the textile reinforcement is positioned, followed by concreting All parts of the formwork can be reused.

4. Summary of Innovation Potentials

• The principle underlying the projected system of the precise differentiated tuning of different in their frequency Helmholtz absorber in parametric arrangement is highly effective in sound engineering

 • A differentiated tuning to a frequency range (according to the requirements of sound protection) is possible

 • Differentiated tuning over a wide frequency range is possible

 • The differentiated adaptation to a structural situation (eg according to the requirement of statics) is possible

 • The advantages of concrete as a building material (fire safety, weather resistance, construction methodology) for sound insulation are used

 • Sound insulation in the range of medium and low frequencies is achieved with the means of lightweight construction ("air mass instead of building mass")

 • the advantages of textile concrete are combined with those of structural lightweight construction (synergy in the sense of a structurally particularly efficient and resource-saving sustainable construction method)

 • the system is soundproof, low maintenance and durable

• The system is structurally self-supporting and can also be used for load transfer • Components do not form additional structural measures, but are structurally completely integrable

 • Individualized textile precast concrete parts are produced economically with the help of flexible prefabricated concrete part production

· The system is inexpensive

 • by applying microperforated surfaces, it may possibly be converted into a broadband resonator

The preceding examples described in detail for the soundproofing device according to the invention are exemplary embodiments. They and the associated process can be modified in a customary manner by a person skilled in the art to a large extent, without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the specific embodiments of the subjects can also take place in a different form than described here. Likewise, each individual element can be configured in a shape other than a regular rectangular shape, if this is necessary for reasons of space or design. Furthermore, the use of the indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude that the features in question may also be present several times or more than once.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 soundproofing element

2 rear cover plate

 3 stiffening framework

3a framework

 3b closed wall disk

4 compartment

 5 resonator neck

 6 front cover plate

 7 holes

 8 air volume

 10 element

 12 rear cover plate

 13 stiffening scaffolding

13 a frame

 13 b closed wall disk

14 subject

 15 resonator neck

 16 node

 17 core

 18 coating

 19 formwork part

 20 profiled surface

21 formwork section

22 formwork section

23 rigid strip

 24 flexible strips

 25 locking angle

 30 element

 31 rear cover plate

 32 scaffolding

 33 compartment

34 front cover plate 35 holes

 36 neck

 37 front panel

 38 holes

39 cell-shaped perforations

40 element

 41 front cover plate

42 front cover plate

43 front cover plate 44 holes

A to C process steps a to h parameters

Claims

claims 1 . Wall-type soundproofing device for insulating sound in the outer space or in interiors, with a wall-like arrangement of resonance absorbers, in particular Helmholtz resonators, characterized by resonators (4, 5, 6) with different natural frequencies. 2. Acoustic protection device according to claim 1 with cover plates (2; 6; 12) of the resonator extending in the wall plane and a stiffening framework (3; 13; 32) of orthogonal largely closed wall discs (13a) of the concrete resonator, in particular textile concrete ( TRC), or wood or plasterboard. 3. Soundproofing device according to claim 2 made of concrete, characterized by a  rough / open-pored surface of an inside of the resonators. 4. Soundproofing device according to claim 3, characterized by a profiled surface (20) of the inside. 5. Soundproofing device according to claim 3, characterized by a layer construction of concrete, in particular UHPC, as a core (17) and concrete foam elements as surfaces (18). 6. Soundproofing device according to claim 3, characterized by wall plates ()  and / or cover plates (2; 6; 12) of foamed concrete (18). 7. Soundproofing device according to claim 3, characterized by coarse-grained aggregates at least on the component surface. 8. Soundproofing device according to one of the above claims with Helmholtz resonators comprising a resonator, characterized by a plurality of resonator openings per resonator and / or by a high friction in the resonator. 9. Soundproofing device according to one of the above claims, characterized by cover plates (3; 41; 42; 43) made of a transparent material. 10. Acoustic protection device according to one of the above claims with Helmholtz resonators comprising a resonator (35), characterized by the formation of a tubular neck (36) on the resonator (35), which has a greater length in its direction of extension than the material thickness of Cover plate (34). 1 1. Soundproofing device according to one of the above claims with an extension plane, characterized by an arrangement of different types of resonators in a direction orthogonal to the wall plane in succession. 12. Acoustic protection device according to one of the above claims with Helmholtz resonators with necks (36) at their sound source facing Resonatoröffnungen (35), characterized by the necks (36) as spacers of a perforated, the sound source facing cover plate (38). 13. Acoustic protection device according to the above claim 12, characterized by elastic necks as spacers of a closed plates. 14. Acoustic protection device according to one of the above claims with Helmholtz resonators, characterized by a cover plate which is elastically mounted relative to the framework of wall disks. 15. Soundproofing device according to one of the above claims, characterized by the arrangement of sound-screen improvers on their free top. 16. Use of an arrangement of resonance absorbers according to one of the above claims as a wall-like soundproofing device. 17. A method for producing a soundproofing device in particular according to one of claims 1 to 15, comprising the following steps:  a) detecting the acoustic profile of a room,  b) consideration of design requirements,  c) output of a result as an aid to the manufacture of the device.