WO2017146217A1 - 液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017146217A1 WO2017146217A1 PCT/JP2017/007149 JP2017007149W WO2017146217A1 WO 2017146217 A1 WO2017146217 A1 WO 2017146217A1 JP 2017007149 W JP2017007149 W JP 2017007149W WO 2017146217 A1 WO2017146217 A1 WO 2017146217A1
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- liquid crystal
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- 0 C=*C(CC1)CCC1C(CC1)CCC1C1CCC(*O)CC1 Chemical compound C=*C(CC1)CCC1C(CC1)CCC1C1CCC(*O)CC1 0.000 description 12
- HASUCEDGKYJBDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1OC1)N(CC1OC1)CC1CC(CN(CC2OC2)CC2OC2)CCC1 Chemical compound C(C1OC1)N(CC1OC1)CC1CC(CN(CC2OC2)CC2OC2)CCC1 HASUCEDGKYJBDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRIRUWWYQXWRNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(c(cc1CO)cc(CO)c1O)c(cc1CO)cc(CO)c1O Chemical compound CC(C)(c(cc1CO)cc(CO)c1O)c(cc1CO)cc(CO)c1O ZRIRUWWYQXWRNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBIYSPHVQHWAIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(C)C(CC1)CCC1C(C)CC Chemical compound CCC(C)C(CC1)CCC1C(C)CC RBIYSPHVQHWAIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUPXGKCWDFILAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(C)C1CC(C)C(C)CC1 Chemical compound CCC(C)C1CC(C)C(C)CC1 UUPXGKCWDFILAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHUONEQVQVKHIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(CC)C(CC1)CCC1C(CC)CC Chemical compound CCC(CC)C(CC1)CCC1C(CC)CC PHUONEQVQVKHIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGYCECQIOXZODZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C(C(C1C2C(O3)=O)C2C3=O)OC1=O Chemical compound O=C(C(C1C2C(O3)=O)C2C3=O)OC1=O YGYCECQIOXZODZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILOCNLYUKFZVBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C(C(CC12)C(C(C3)C(O4)=O)C1C3C4=O)OC2=O Chemical compound O=C(C(CC12)C(C(C3)C(O4)=O)C1C3C4=O)OC2=O ILOCNLYUKFZVBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVEIRZNRYOJFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C(CC(C(C1)C(O2)=O)C3C1C2=O)OC3=O Chemical compound O=C(CC(C(C1)C(O2)=O)C3C1C2=O)OC3=O QVEIRZNRYOJFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OLQWMCSSZKNOLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C(CC1C(CC(O2)=O)C2=O)OC1=O Chemical compound O=C(CC1C(CC(O2)=O)C2=O)OC1=O OLQWMCSSZKNOLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1003—Preparatory processes
- C08G73/1007—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines
- C08G73/101—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines containing chain terminating or branching agents
- C08G73/1014—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines containing chain terminating or branching agents in the form of (mono)anhydrid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/14—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
- C08G77/16—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups to hydroxyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/14—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
- C08G77/18—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups to alkoxy or aryloxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/56—Aligning agents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133723—Polyimide, polyamide-imide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K2019/0444—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group
- C09K2019/0448—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group the end chain group being a polymerizable end group, e.g. -Sp-P or acrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
- C09K2019/3004—Cy-Cy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
- C09K2019/3009—Cy-Ph
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/02—Alignment layer characterised by chemical composition
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element suitable as a reverse type element.
- a TN (Twisted Nematic) mode has been put to practical use as a liquid crystal display element using a liquid crystal material.
- this mode light is switched by utilizing the optical rotation characteristics of the liquid crystal, and it is necessary to use a polarizing plate when used as a liquid crystal display element.
- the use efficiency of light becomes low by using a polarizing plate.
- As a liquid crystal display element with high light utilization efficiency without using a polarizing plate there is an element that switches between a liquid crystal transmission state (transparent state) and a scattering state.
- a polymer dispersed liquid crystal Those using PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal) and polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC) are known.
- a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable compound that is polymerized by ultraviolet rays is disposed between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes, and the liquid crystal composition is cured by irradiation with ultraviolet rays.
- It is a liquid crystal display element formed by forming a layer, that is, a cured product composite (for example, a polymer network) of a liquid crystal and a polymerizable compound. This liquid crystal display element controls the transmission state and the scattering state of the liquid crystal by applying a voltage.
- liquid crystal display elements using PDLC and PNLC are in a cloudy (scattering) state because the liquid crystal molecules are in a random direction when no voltage is applied, and the liquid crystal is aligned in the direction of the electric field and transmits light when voltage is applied.
- the liquid crystal display element also referred to as a normal type element
- the normal type element it is necessary to always apply a voltage in order to obtain a transmission state. Therefore, the power consumption is often used in applications that are often used in a transparent state, such as a window glass. Will become bigger.
- the polymerizable compound in the liquid crystal composition has a role of forming a polymer network and obtaining desired optical characteristics, and a role of a curing agent that increases the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal alignment film.
- a curing agent that increases the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal alignment film.
- the polymer network denser.
- the polymer network is made dense, the vertical alignment property of the liquid crystal is inhibited, and the optical characteristics of the reverse type element, that is, There is a problem that the transparency when no voltage is applied and the scattering characteristics when a voltage is applied are deteriorated. Therefore, the liquid crystal composition used for the reverse type element needs to have a high vertical alignment property of the liquid crystal when the liquid crystal layer is formed.
- the liquid crystal alignment film used for the reverse type element is a highly hydrophobic film for aligning the liquid crystal vertically, there is a problem that the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal alignment film is lowered. Therefore, a large amount of a polymerizable compound that functions as a curing agent must be introduced into the liquid crystal composition used for the reverse type device. However, when a large amount of the polymerizable compound is introduced, the vertical alignment property of the liquid crystal is hindered, and there is a problem that the transparency when no voltage is applied and the scattering characteristics when a voltage is applied are greatly deteriorated.
- the present invention has a high vertical alignment property of the liquid crystal, good optical properties, that is, good transparency when no voltage is applied and good scattering property when a voltage is applied, and further the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal alignment film.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display element that can maintain these characteristics even in an environment that is high and exposed to high temperature and high humidity and light irradiation for a long time.
- the present inventor has completed the present invention having the following gist.
- the present invention has a liquid crystal layer made of a cured product by irradiation of ultraviolet rays from an ultraviolet irradiation device with respect to a liquid crystal composition disposed between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes, and at least one of the substrates vertically aligns liquid crystals.
- a liquid crystal display element comprising a liquid crystal alignment film to be The liquid crystal composition is selected from the group consisting of a curable resin, a bifunctional monomer, a compound of the following formula [1-1a], a compound of the following formula [2-1a], and a hydroxyl group, a carboxy group, and a phosphate group.
- the liquid crystal alignment film contains a monomer having at least one polar group, and the liquid crystal alignment film is obtained from a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent including a polymer having a side chain structure represented by the following formula [4-1a] or formula [4-2a]
- the liquid crystal display element is a liquid crystal alignment film.
- T 1 represents a structure selected from the following formulas [1-a] to [1-e].
- T 2 represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms. 2 — is replaced by —O—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —NH—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —S— or —SO 2 —.
- T 3 represents a cyclic group having a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring or a heterocyclic ring, or a divalent organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton, and any hydrogen atom on the cyclic group May be substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a fluorine atom.
- T 4 is a single bond, -O -, - OCH 2 - , - C 2 O -, - COO- or -OCO- is .
- T 5 showing the benzene ring represents a cyclic group having a cyclohexane ring or a heterocyclic ring, any hydrogen atom on these cyclic groups, having 1 to 3 carbon atoms alkyl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, optionally .T 6 be substituted with a fluorine-containing alkoxy group or a fluorine atom having 1 to 3 carbon atoms 1 -C Represents an alkyl group having ⁇ 18, an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing
- S 2 represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.
- S 1 and any —CH 2 — in the alkylene group not adjacent to —N ⁇ C ⁇ O are —O—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO— or (It may be substituted with -NH-.
- NS represents an integer of 1 to 4.)
- S A and S c represent a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO— or —NH—.
- S B represents a hydrogen atom or a benzene ring.
- (X 1 and X 3 each represents a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— or —OCO—.
- X 2 represents a single bond or — (CH 2 ) b — (b is an integer of 1 to 15.)
- X 4 represents a carbon having a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring or a heterocyclic group having a heterocyclic ring, or a steroid skeleton.
- X 5 represents a cyclic group having a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring, or a heterocyclic ring, and any arbitrary group on these cyclic groups;
- a hydrogen atom is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, Alkoxy group 1-3, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, good .
- X 6 be substituted with a fluorine-containing alkoxy group or a fluorine atom having 1 to 3 carbon atoms alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atom
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention can be used as a reverse type element for a display intended for display, a light control window for controlling transmission and blocking of light, an optical shutter element, and the like.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention has the above-mentioned excellent characteristics. Since the compound of the formula [1-1a] (also referred to as the specific compound (1)) contained in the liquid crystal composition used in the liquid crystal display element of the present invention has a rigid structure such as a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring, Its rigid structure improves the vertical alignment of the liquid crystal. In addition, the compound of the formula [2-1a] (also referred to as the specific compound (2)) contained in the liquid crystal composition of the present invention has a site that undergoes a polymerization reaction by ultraviolet rays of S 1 in the formula [2-1a].
- the specific compound (1) has a polar group of T 1 in the formula [1-1a], and this polar group is derived from a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, and a phosphoric acid group contained in the monomer contained in the liquid crystal composition.
- An addition reaction is caused with the isocyanate group (—N ⁇ C ⁇ O) of the specific compound (2) together with at least one polar group selected from the group consisting of
- the vertical alignment of the liquid crystal can be enhanced, and the polymer network of the liquid crystal layer is made dense, thereby improving the optical characteristics of the device, particularly the transparency, Adhesion with the liquid crystal alignment film and durability under harsh environments can be obtained.
- the monomer having at least one polar group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, a carboxy group and a phosphoric acid group adheres to the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal alignment film due to the interaction between the polar group and the liquid crystal alignment film. Can increase the sex.
- the liquid crystal alignment film used in the liquid crystal display element of the present invention has a polymer (specific weight) having a side chain structure (also referred to as a specific side chain structure) represented by the formula [4-1a] or the formula [4-2a]. It is obtained from the liquid-crystal aligning agent containing a compound. Since the element having the liquid crystal alignment film having the specific side chain structure provides high and stable vertical alignment of the liquid crystal, a reverse element exhibiting good optical characteristics can be obtained.
- the liquid crystal composition in the present invention has at least one polarity selected from the group consisting of a curable resin, a bifunctional monomer, the specific compound (1), the specific compound (2), and a hydroxyl group, a carboxy group, and a phosphate group. Including monomers having groups.
- a curable resin e.g., polyethylene glycol
- a bifunctional monomer e.g., polyethylene glycol
- the specific compound (1) ematic liquid crystal
- smectic liquid crystal smectic liquid crystal
- cholesteric liquid crystal can be used.
- those having negative dielectric anisotropy are preferable. From the viewpoint of low voltage driving and scattering characteristics, those having a large dielectric anisotropy and a large refractive index anisotropy are preferred.
- the dielectric anisotropy ( ⁇ : also referred to as dielectric anisotropy) is preferably ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 10, and more preferably ⁇ 3 to ⁇ 6.
- the refractive index anisotropy ( ⁇ n: also referred to as refractive index anisotropy) is preferably 0.150 to 0.350, more preferably 0.150 to 0.250.
- the phase transition temperature of the liquid crystal is preferably 40 to 120 ° C., more preferably 80 to 100 ° C. Two or more kinds of liquid crystals can be used depending on the physical property values of phase transition temperature, dielectric anisotropy and refractive index anisotropy.
- the liquid crystal display element As an active element such as a TFT (Thin Film Transistor), it is required that the liquid crystal has a high electric resistance and a high voltage holding ratio (also referred to as VHR). For this reason, the liquid crystal is preferably a fluorine-based or chlorine-based liquid crystal that has high electrical resistance and does not decrease VHR due to active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays. Furthermore, the liquid crystal display element can be made into a guest-host type element by dissolving a dichroic dye in a liquid crystal composition. In this case, an element is obtained that is transparent when no voltage is applied and absorbs (scatters) when a voltage is applied.
- the direction of the liquid crystal director (orientation direction) changes by 90 degrees depending on the presence or absence of voltage application. Therefore, by utilizing the difference in light absorption characteristics of the dichroic dye, random orientation and vertical orientation are used. Compared with a conventional guest-host type device that performs switching at a high contrast, a high contrast can be obtained.
- a guest-host type element in which a dichroic dye is dissolved is colored when the liquid crystal is aligned in the horizontal direction, and is opaque only in the scattering state. Therefore, as the voltage is applied, it is possible to obtain an element that switches from colorless and transparent when no voltage is applied to a colored opaque and colored transparent state.
- the curable resin in the present invention contains a polymerizable compound in order to form a polymer network of the liquid crystal layer.
- the polymer network may be a polymer network by introducing a polymerizable compound into the liquid crystal composition and causing a polymerization reaction by irradiation with ultraviolet rays at the time of device preparation, or a polymer obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable compound in advance. You may introduce
- a polymerizable compound is introduced into the liquid crystal composition, and polymerization is performed by irradiation with ultraviolet rays at the time of device preparation. It is preferable to react to form a polymer network.
- the polymerizable compound in the liquid crystal composition is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves in the liquid crystal, and may be a polymer containing an oligomer thereof, and when the polymerizable compound is dissolved in the liquid crystal, part or the whole of the liquid crystal composition. It is preferable that there is a temperature at which shows a liquid crystal phase. Even when a part of the liquid crystal composition exhibits a liquid crystal phase, it is preferable that the liquid crystal display element is confirmed with the naked eye, and almost uniform transparency and scattering characteristics are obtained throughout the element.
- the polymerizable compound is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that is polymerized by ultraviolet rays, and in that case, the polymerization may proceed in any reaction form to form a polymer network.
- Specific reaction formats include radical polymerization, cationic polymerization, anionic polymerization, or polyaddition reaction.
- the reaction form of a polymeric compound is radical polymerization from the point of the optical characteristic of a liquid crystal display element.
- the following radical type polymerizable compounds or oligomers thereof can be used as the polymerizable compound.
- a polymer obtained by polymerizing these polymerizable compounds can also be used.
- radical-type polymerizable compounds or oligomers thereof include monofunctional polymerizable compounds, bifunctional polymerizable compounds and polyfunctional polymerizable compounds described on pages 7 to 9 of International Publication No. 2015/1991148. It is done. Especially, in this invention, it is preferable to use the bifunctional polymerizable compound in the same gazette.
- polyurethane acrylates such as phenyl glycidyl ether acrylate hexamethylene diisocyanate urethane prepolymer, pentaerythritol triacrylate hexamethylene diisocyanate urethane prepolymer, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate hexamethylene diisocyanate urethane prepolymer, or monomers and oligomers thereof.
- These radical type polymerizable compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more depending on the respective properties.
- the content of the polymer containing the polymerizable compound or the oligomer thereof forming the curable resin is, in the liquid crystal composition, from the viewpoint of the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display element and the liquid crystal alignment film, etc.
- the amount is preferably 70 to 150 parts by weight, and more preferably 80 to 120 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal composition.
- a radical initiator (also referred to as a polymerization initiator) that generates radicals by ultraviolet rays is introduced into the liquid crystal composition for the purpose of promoting radical polymerization of the polymerizable compound.
- a radical initiator also referred to as a polymerization initiator
- Specific examples include radical initiators described on pages 10 to 11 of International Publication No. 2015/1991148.
- the use ratio of the radical initiator is preferably 0.01 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal composition, from the viewpoint of adhesion between the liquid crystal layer of the device and the liquid crystal alignment film. More preferred is 0.05 to 5 parts by mass.
- These radical initiators may be used alone or in combination of two or more depending on the respective characteristics.
- the specific compound (1) in the present invention is represented by the formula [1-1a], in which T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , T 5 , T 6 and nT are as defined above.
- T 1 is preferably formula [1-b], formula [1-c] or formula [1-e] from the viewpoint of addition reaction with the specific compound (2). More preferred is the formula [1-b] or the formula [1-c].
- T 2 is preferably a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and any —CH 2 — in the alkylene group is —O—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO.
- T 3 is preferably a divalent organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring, or a steroid skeleton from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element. More preferably, it is a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring.
- T 4 represents a single bond, -O -, - COO- or -OCO- are preferred. More preferably, it is a single bond.
- T 5 is preferably a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element.
- T 6 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element. More preferably, it is an alkyl group or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- nT is an integer of 0 to 3, more preferably 1 or 2.
- T 7 represents the formula [1-b] or the formula [1-c].
- T 8 represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- T 9 and T 10 each represent a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring.
- T 11 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group.
- mT represents an integer of 0-2. Specific examples include compounds of the following formulas [1a-1] to [1a-24].
- T 7 , T 8 , T 9 , T 10 , T 11 and mT are as defined above. More specifically, the following formulas [1a-1] to [ 1a-24].
- T a is .T b which represents single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is an alkyl group or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the use ratio of the specific compound (1) is preferably 1 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal composition from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element. More preferred is 1 to 30 parts by mass, and most preferred is 1 to 20 parts by mass.
- These specific compounds (1) can also use 1 type (s) or 2 or more types according to each characteristic.
- the specific compound (2) is a compound of the formula [2-1a], and in the formula [2-1a], S 1 , S 2 and nS are as defined above.
- S 1 is the above formula [2-a], formula [2-b], formula [2-c] or formula [2-c] from the viewpoint of adhesion between the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display element and the liquid crystal alignment film.
- e] is preferred. More preferred is the formula [2-a] or the formula [2-b].
- S 2 is preferably a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and any —CH 2 — in the alkylene group not adjacent to S 1 and —N ⁇ C ⁇ O is —O—, It may be replaced by —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO— or —NH—. More preferably, it is a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
- nS is preferably an integer of 2 to 4, and more preferably 2, from the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display element and the liquid crystal alignment film.
- the specific compound (2) is preferably a compound of the following formula [2-2a].
- S 3 and S 5 represent the formula [2-a] or the formula [2-b], respectively.
- S 4 represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples include compounds of the following formulas [2a-1] to [2a-4]. (NS1 and nS2 each represent an integer of 0 to 7, and nS1 + nS2 represents an integer of 1 to 7)
- N (NS3 to nS5 each represents an integer of 0 to 6, and nS1 + nS2 + nS3 represents an integer of 1 to 6)
- the compounds of the above formulas [2a-1] to [2a-4] are preferable from the viewpoint of adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal alignment film.
- the use ratio of the specific compound (2) is preferably 1 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal composition from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element. More preferred is 1 to 30 parts by mass.
- Specific compound (2) can use 1 type (s) or 2 or more types according to each characteristic.
- the liquid crystal composition of the present invention preferably contains a compound represented by the following formula [3-1a] (also referred to as a specific compound (3)) in order to enhance the optical properties, particularly transparency, of the liquid crystal display element.
- W 1 represents a structure selected from the following [3-a] to [3-e].
- W 2 represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and any —CH 2 — in the alkylene group is —O—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, — It may be substituted with NHCO—, —NH—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —S— or —SO 2 —.
- W 3 represents a cyclic group having a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring or a heterocyclic ring, or a divalent organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton, and any hydrogen atom on the cyclic group has 1 to 3 may be substituted with an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a fluorine-containing alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group, or a fluorine atom.
- W 4 represents a single bond, —CH 2 —, —O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —COO— or —OCO—.
- W 5 represents a cyclic group having a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring or a heterocyclic ring, and any hydrogen atom on these cyclic groups is an alkyl group, alkoxy group, fluorine-containing alkyl group or fluorine-containing group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. It may be substituted with an alkoxy group or a fluorine atom.
- W 6 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group, an alkoxy group or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.
- nW represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- W A and W c represent a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO— or —NH—.
- W B represents a hydrogen atom or a benzene ring. Is shown.)
- W 1 , W 2 , W 3 , W 4 , W 5 , W 6 and nW are each preferably the following.
- W 1 is preferably the formula [3-a], the formula [3-b], the formula [3-c], or the formula [3-e].
- W 2 is preferably a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and any —CH 2 — in the alkylene group is —O—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, — It may be substituted with NHCO—, —NH—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —S— or —SO 2 —.
- a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- W 3 is preferably a divalent organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring, or a steroid skeleton from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display device. More preferably, it is a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring.
- W 4 is preferably a single bond, —CH 2 —, —O—, —COO— or —OCO—.
- W 5 is preferably a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element.
- W 6 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the device. More preferably, it is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- nW is preferably an integer of 0 to 3. More preferably, it is an integer of 0-2.
- W a represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms. Of these, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms is preferable.
- W b represents —O—, —COO— or —OCO—. In particular, —O— is preferable.
- p1 represents an integer of 1 to 12. Among these, an integer of 1 to 8 is preferable from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element.
- p2 represents an integer of 1 to 3. Among these, an integer of 1 or 2 is preferable.
- X c is -CH 2 -, - O -, - COO- or an -OCO-. Of these, —O—, —COO— or —OCO— is preferable.
- X d represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms. Of these, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms is preferable.
- X e represents —O—, —COO— or —OCO—. Of these, —O— is preferable.
- p3 represents an integer of 1 to 12. Among these, an integer of 1 to 8 is preferable from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element.
- the use ratio of the specific compound (3) is preferably 1 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal composition from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element. More preferred is 1 to 30 parts by mass, and most preferred is 1 to 20 parts by mass.
- the specific compound (3) can use 1 type (s) or 2 or more types according to each characteristic.
- an organic phosphoric acid compound which is a monomer having a phosphoric acid group is particularly preferable.
- the organic phosphorylation compound preferably includes triphenyl phosphate, trisnonyl phenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, tetraphenyl dipropylene glycol diphosphate, and the like.
- the content ratio of the monomer having the polar group in the liquid crystal composition is 0.1 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal composition, from the viewpoint of adhesion between the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display element and the liquid crystal alignment film. Is preferably 20 to 20 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass.
- the curable resin includes aliphatic urethane acrylate, aliphatic urethane methacrylate, isobornyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, acrylate ester, methacrylate ester, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate and It preferably contains at least one polymerizable compound selected from the group consisting of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate. In that case, you may use these oligomers. More preferably, it is aliphatic urethane acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, acrylate ester or hydroxyethyl methacrylate.
- bifunctional monomer in the present invention examples include the bifunctional polymerizable compounds described above.
- 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol methacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polypropylene glycol diacrylate or polypropylene glycol dimethacrylate is preferably used. More preferred is 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate or 1,9-nonanediol methacrylate.
- the content ratio of the bifunctional monomer in the liquid crystal composition is preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal composition from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element. 5 to 30 parts by mass.
- the liquid crystal composition of the present invention preferably contains a polyfunctional thiol compound or an oligomer thereof from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element and the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal alignment film.
- a polyfunctional thiol compound or an oligomer thereof from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element and the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal alignment film.
- Polyfunctional thiol compounds such as 3,5-triazine-2,4,6 (1H, 3H, 5H) -trione, trimethylolpropane tris (3-mercaptobutyrate), trimethylolethanetris (3-mercaptobutyrate) Or oligomers thereof.
- the liquid crystal alignment film is obtained from a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent containing a polymer having a specific side chain structure represented by the formula [4-1a] or the formula [4-2a].
- X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , X 5 , X 6 and n are as defined above, and among them, the following are preferable.
- X 1 is a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O—, or —COO from the viewpoint of availability of raw materials and ease of synthesis. -Is preferred.
- X 2 is preferably a single bond or — (CH 2 ) b — (b is an integer of 1 to 10).
- X 3 is preferably a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O— or —COO— from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis. More preferably, it is a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 10), —O—, —CH 2 O— or —COO—.
- X 4 is preferably an organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring or a steroid skeleton from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis.
- X 5 is preferably a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring.
- X 6 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. More preferably, it is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- n is preferably an integer of 0 to 3, more preferably 0 to 2, from the viewpoint of availability of raw materials and ease of synthesis.
- Preferable combinations of X 1 to X 6 and n include the same combinations as (2-1) to (2-629) described in Tables 6 to 47 on pages 13 to 34 of International Publication No. WO2011 / 132751. It is done. In each table of the International Publication, X 1 to X 6 in the present invention are indicated as Y 1 to Y 6, but Y 1 to Y 6 should be read as X 1 to X 6 . Further, in (2-605) to (2-629) listed in each table of the International Publication, the organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton in the present invention has 12 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton. The organic group having 12 to 25 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton is to be read as the organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton.
- (2-25) to (2-96), (2-145) to (2-168), (2-217) to (2-240), (2-268) to (2-315) , (2-364) to (2-387), (2-436) to (2-483), or (2-603) to (2-615) are preferred.
- Particularly preferred combinations are (2-49) to (2-96), (2-145) to (2-168), (2-217) to (2-240), (2-603) to (2- 606), (2-607) to (2-609), (2-611), (2-612) or (2-624).
- X 7 and X 8 are as defined above, and among them, the following are preferable.
- X 7 is preferably a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —CONH—, —CON (CH 3 ) — or —COO—. More preferably, they are a single bond, —O—, —CONH— or —COO—.
- X 8 is preferably an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the specific side chain structure of the formula [4-1a] is preferably used from the viewpoint that a high and stable vertical alignment of the liquid crystal can be obtained.
- the specific polymer having a specific side chain structure is not particularly limited, but is selected from the group consisting of acrylic polymer, methacrylic polymer, novolac resin, polyhydroxystyrene, polyimide precursor, polyimide, polyamide, polyester, cellulose and polysiloxane. Preferably it is at least one polymer. More preferably, it is a polyimide precursor, polyimide or polysiloxane.
- polyimide precursor or polyimide also collectively referred to as a polyimide polymer
- they are a polyimide precursor or polyimide obtained by reacting a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic acid component. Is preferred.
- the polyimide precursor has a structure of the following formula [A].
- R 1 represents a tetravalent organic group.
- R 2 represents a divalent organic group.
- a 1 and A 2 each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- a 3 and A 4 Each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an acetyl group, and n represents a positive integer.
- the diamine component is a diamine having two primary or secondary amino groups in the molecule
- the tetracarboxylic acid component includes a tetracarboxylic acid compound, a tetracarboxylic dianhydride, a tetracarboxylic acid dihalide compound, A tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester compound or a tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester dihalide compound may be mentioned.
- the polyimide-based polymer is obtained by using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the following formula [B] and the diamine represented by the following formula [C] as raw materials.
- Polyamic acid composed of a structural formula of repeating units or polyimide obtained by imidizing the polyamic acid is preferable.
- the polymer of the formula [D] obtained above is added to the alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms of A 1 and A 2 of the formula [A] and A 3 of the formula [A] by a usual synthesis method.
- an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an acetyl group of A 4 can also be introduced.
- a method for introducing the specific side chain structure into the polyimide polymer it is preferable to use a diamine having the specific side chain structure as a part of the raw material.
- the diamine of the formula [4a] also referred to as a specific side chain diamine.
- X represents the formula [4-1a] or the formula [4-2a].
- the details and preferred combinations of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , X 5 , X 6 and n in the formula [4-1a] are as in the formula [4-1a], and the formula [4
- the details and preferred combinations of X 7 and X 8 in -2a] are as shown in the formula [4-2a].
- m represents an integer of 1 to 4. Among these, an integer of 1 is preferable.
- Specific examples of the specific side chain type diamine having the specific side chain structure represented by the formula [4-1a] include those represented by the formulas [2-1] to [2-] described on pages 15 to 19 of International Publication WO2013 / 125595. 6], and diamine compounds of the formulas [2-9] to [2-36].
- R 2 in the formulas [2-1] to [2-3] and R 4 in the formulas [2-4] to [2-6] have 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- a 4 in the formula [2-13] represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms.
- R 3 in the formulas [2-4] to [2-6] represents at least one selected from the group consisting of —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO—, and —OCO—.
- diamines are those represented by Formula [2-1] to Formula [2-6], Formula [2-9] to Formula [2-13], or Formula [2-22] described in International Publication WO2013 / 125595. ] To [2-31]. More preferred are diamines of the following formulas [4a-32] to [4a-41] from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element. (R 1 and R 2 represent an alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms.)
- R 3 and R 4 represent an alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and the cis-trans isomerism of 1,4-cyclohexylene is a trans isomer.
- Most preferred is a diamine of the above formula [4a-35] to formula [4a-37], formula [4a-40] or formula [4a-41] from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element.
- Specific examples of the specific side chain type diamine having the specific side chain structure of the formula [4-2a] include diamine compounds of the formulas [DA1] to [DA11] described on page 23 of International Publication WO2013 / 125595. Can be mentioned.
- a 1 in the formulas [DA1] to [DA5] represents an alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the use ratio of the specific side chain type diamine is preferably 10 to 80 mol%, more preferably 20 to 70 mol%, based on the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element and the adhesiveness between the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal alignment film. More preferred.
- 1 type (s) or 2 or more types can be used for a specific side chain type diamine compound according to each characteristic.
- a diamine represented by the following formula [4b] (also referred to as a second diamine) is preferable.
- X A represents a structure selected from the following formulas [4-1b] to [4-5b].
- r represents an integer of 1 to 4, preferably 1.
- a represents an integer of 0 to 4. Among these, 0 or 1 is preferable from the viewpoint of availability of raw materials and ease of synthesis.
- b represents an integer of 0 to 4. Among these, 0 or 1 is preferable from the viewpoint of availability of raw materials and ease of synthesis.
- X a and X b each represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- X c represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- X d is a single bond, —O—, —NH—, —N (CH 3 ) —, —CH 2 O—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —N (CH 3 ) CO—, —COO— or —OCO— is shown.
- a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —CONH—, —CON (CH 3 ) — or —COO— is preferable. More preferred is a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 O— or —COO— from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis.
- X e represents an alkylene group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or an organic group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms having a benzene ring, cyclocyclohexane ring or heterocyclic ring, and any hydrogen atom on these cyclic groups has 1 to It may be substituted with a 3 alkyl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a fluorine atom.
- an alkylene group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or an organic group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms having at least one cyclic group selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring and a cyclocyclohexane ring is preferable. More preferred is an alkylene group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis and adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal alignment film.
- X f is a single bond, —O—, —NH—, —N (CH 3 ) —, —CH 2 O—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —N (CH 3 ) CO—, —COO— or —OCO— is shown.
- a single bond, -O -, - NHCO -, - N (CH 3) CO- or -OCO- are preferred. More preferred is a single bond, —O—, —NHCO— or —OCO— from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis.
- X g represents a structure selected from the following formulas [4-a] to [4-f]. Of these, the following formula [4-a], formula [4-b] or formula [4-e] is preferable from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis and adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal alignment film.
- X A represents a hydrogen atom or a benzene ring.
- X B represents a single bond or a cyclic group having a benzene ring, cyclohexane ring or heterocyclic ring.
- X C represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, A fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the second diamine include the second diamines described on pages 20 to 22 and the diamines of the formulas [2-1] to [2-15] described in International Publication WO2015 / 199148. .
- Benzoic acid, 2,5-diaminobenzoic acid, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, formula [2-1], formula [2-2], formula [2-3], formula [2-7], formula [2] ⁇ 8], Formula [2-11], Formula [2-12] or Formula [2-15] is preferable.
- 2,4-diaminophenol 3,5-diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminobenzyl alcohol described in the same publication, from the viewpoint of solubility of the polyimide polymer in a solvent and optical characteristics of the device, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, formula [2-1], formula [2-2], formula [2-11] or formula [2-12].
- the proportion of the second diamine to be used is preferably 10 to 70 mol%, more preferably 20 to 60 mol%, based on the optical characteristics of the device and the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal alignment film.
- the 2nd diamine can use 1 type (s) or 2 or more types according to each characteristic.
- a diamine other than the diamines represented by the formulas [4a] and [4b] can be used as the diamine.
- 1 type (s) or 2 or more types can be used for another diamine according to each characteristic.
- tetracarboxylic acid component for producing the polyimide-based polymer examples include tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the following formula [5] and its derivatives: tetracarboxylic acid, tetracarboxylic acid dihalide, and tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester.
- tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester dihalide all collectively referred to as a specific tetracarboxylic acid component.
- Z represents a structure selected from the following formulas [5a] to [5l].
- Each Z 1 ⁇ Z 4 is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, respectively .
- Z 5 and Z 6 represents a chlorine atom or a benzene ring, a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Z in the formula [5] Z 1 to Z 4 in the formula [5a], and Z 5 to Z 6 in the formula [5g] are as defined above.
- Z represents formula [5a], formula [5c], formula [5d], formula [5] from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis and polymerization reactivity when producing a polymer.
- 5e] formula [5f], formula [5g], formula [5k] or formula [5l] is preferred.
- the use ratio of the specific tetracarboxylic acid component is preferably 1 mol% or more with respect to the total tetracarboxylic acid component. More preferably, it is 5 mol% or more, and particularly preferably 10 mol% or more. Most preferably, it is 10 to 90 mol% from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the device.
- Other tetracarboxylic acid components other than the specific tetracarboxylic acid component can be used for the polyimide polymer. Specific examples of other tetracarboxylic acid components include other tetracarboxylic acid components described on pages 34 to 35 of International Publication No. WO2015 / 012368.
- the specific tetracarboxylic acid component and other tetracarboxylic acid components can be used singly or in combination of two or more according to the respective characteristics.
- the method for synthesizing the polyimide polymer is not particularly limited. Usually, it is obtained by reacting a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic acid component. Specific examples include the methods described on pages 35 to 36 of International Publication No. WO2015 / 012368.
- the reaction between the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component is usually performed in a solvent containing the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component.
- the solvent used at that time is not particularly limited as long as the produced polyimide precursor is soluble.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide or 1,3-dimethyl-imidazolide
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone
- ⁇ -butyrolactone N, N-dimethylformamide
- N, N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl sulfoxide or 1,3-dimethyl-imidazolide
- methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone or a solvent represented by the following formulas [D1] to [D3] may be used. it can.
- D 1 and D 2 represent an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- D 3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- a solvent that does not dissolve the polyimide precursor may be used by mixing with the above-mentioned solvent as long as the generated polyimide precursor does not precipitate.
- moisture content in an organic solvent inhibits a polymerization reaction and also causes the produced polyimide precursor to hydrolyze, it is preferable to use what dehydrated and dried the organic solvent.
- Polyimide is a polyimide obtained by ring closure of a polyimide precursor, and in this polyimide, the ring closure rate (also referred to as imidation rate) of the amic acid group does not necessarily need to be 100%, and is arbitrary depending on the application and purpose Can be prepared. Among these, 30 to 80% is preferable from the viewpoint of solubility of the polyimide polymer in a solvent. More preferably, it is 40 to 70%.
- the molecular weight of the polyimide polymer is 5 in terms of weight average molecular weight measured by GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) method in consideration of the strength of the liquid crystal alignment film obtained therefrom, workability at the time of forming the liquid crystal alignment film, and coating properties. It is preferably from 1,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably from 10,000 to 150,000.
- a polysiloxane obtained by polycondensation with an alkoxysilane of A3] (generally also referred to as a polysiloxane polymer) is preferably used.
- a 1 represents the above formula [4-1a] or [4-2a].
- a 2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- a 3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- M represents an integer of 1 or 2.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 2
- p represents an integer of 0 to 3.
- m + n + p is 4.
- B 1 represents an organic group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms having at least one selected from the group consisting of vinyl group, epoxy group, amino group, mercapto group, isocyanate group, methacryl group, acrylic group, ureido group and cinnamoyl group.
- B 2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- B 3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- m represents an integer of 1 or 2
- n represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- P represents an integer of 0 to 3, where m + n + p is 4.
- D 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- D 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- N represents an integer of 0 to 3.
- a 1 , A 2 , A 3 , m, n, and p are as defined above, and among them, the following are preferable.
- a 1 is preferably the structure of the above formula [4-1a] from the viewpoint that high and stable vertical alignment of liquid crystal can be obtained.
- the details and preferred combinations of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , X 5 , X 6 and n in the formula [4-1a] are as shown in the formula [4-1a].
- a 2 is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- a 3 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of polycondensation reactivity.
- m is preferably 1 from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis.
- n represents an integer of 0-2.
- p is preferably an integer of 1 to 3 from the viewpoint of polycondensation reactivity. More preferably, it is 2 or 3.
- m + n + p is 4.
- alkoxysilane of the formula [A1] include the alkoxysilanes of the formulas [2a-1] to [2a-32] described on pages 17 to 21 of International Publication WO2015 / 008846. Of these, alkoxysilanes represented by formula [2a-9] to formula [2a-21], formula [2a-25] to formula [2a-28] or formula [2a-32] described in the publication are preferable.
- B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , m, n and p are as defined above.
- B 1 is preferably an organic group having a vinyl group, an epoxy group, an amino group, a methacryl group, an acrylic group or a ureido group from the viewpoint of availability. More preferably, it is an organic group having a methacryl group, an acryl group or a ureido group.
- B 2 is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- B 3 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of polycondensation reactivity.
- n is preferably 1 from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis.
- n represents an integer of 0-2.
- p is preferably an integer of 1 to 3 from the viewpoint of polycondensation reactivity. More preferably, it is 2 or 3.
- m + n + p is 4.
- alkoxysilane of the formula [A2] include specific examples of the alkoxysilane of the formula [2b] described on pages 21 to 24 of International Publication WO2015 / 008846.
- Alkoxysilane of the formula [A3] In formula [A3], D 1 , D 2 and n are as defined above. Among these, D 1 is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. D 2 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of polycondensation reactivity. n represents an integer of 0 to 3. Specific examples of the alkoxysilane of the formula [A3] include specific examples of the alkoxysilane of the formula [2c] described on pages 24 to 25 of International Publication WO2015 / 008846.
- Examples of the alkoxysilane in which n is 0 in the formula [A3] include tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetrapropoxysilane, and tetrabutoxysilane. Examples of the alkoxysilane of the formula [A3] include these It is preferable to use this alkoxysilane.
- the alkoxysilanes of the formulas [A1] to [A3] can be used alone or in combination of two or more depending on the respective characteristics.
- the polysiloxane polymer comprises a polysiloxane obtained by polycondensation of the alkoxysilane of the formula [A1], or an alkoxysilane of the formula [A1] and an alkoxysilane of the formula [A2] or the formula [A3]. It is a polysiloxane obtained by polycondensation. That is, the polysiloxane polymer is a polysiloxane obtained by polycondensation of only the alkoxysilane of the formula [A1], and a polysiloxane obtained by polycondensation of two types of alkoxysilanes of the formulas [A1] and [A2].
- Polysiloxane obtained by polycondensation of siloxane two types of alkoxysilanes of formula [A1] and formula [A3], and three types of alkoxysilanes of formula [A1], formula [A2] and formula [A3] Any one of polysiloxanes obtained by condensation.
- polysiloxanes obtained by polycondensation of a plurality of types of alkoxysilanes are preferred in terms of polycondensation reactivity and solubility of polysiloxane polymers in solvents. That is, a polysiloxane obtained by polycondensation of two types of alkoxysilanes of the formula [A1] and formula [A2], and a polysiloxane obtained by polycondensation of two types of alkoxysilanes of the formulas [A1] and [A3]. It is preferable to use any one of siloxane and polysiloxane obtained by polycondensation of three types of alkoxysilanes of formula [A1], formula [A2] and formula [A3].
- the proportion of the alkoxysilane of the formula [A1] is preferably 1 to 40 mol%, preferably 1 to 30 mol% in all alkoxysilanes. Is more preferable.
- the proportion of the alkoxysilane of the formula [A2] used is preferably 1 to 70 mol% and more preferably 1 to 60 mol% in all alkoxysilanes.
- the proportion of the alkoxysilane of the formula [A3] used is preferably 1 to 99 mol%, more preferably 1 to 80 mol% in all alkoxysilanes.
- the method for polycondensing the polysiloxane polymer is not particularly limited. Specifically, the method described in pages 26 to 29 of International Publication No. WO2015 / 008846 can be mentioned.
- the polycondensation reaction for producing the polysiloxane polymer when a plurality of types of alkoxysilanes of the formula [A1], the formula [A2] or the formula [A3] are used, a mixture in which a plurality of types of alkoxysilanes are mixed in advance.
- the reaction may be carried out while sequentially adding a plurality of types of alkoxysilanes.
- the solution of the polysiloxane polymer obtained by the above method may be used as the specific polymer as it is, or if necessary, the solution of the polysiloxane polymer obtained by the above method may be used.
- the polymer may be concentrated, diluted by adding a solvent, or substituted with another solvent to be used as a specific polymer.
- the solvent used for dilution may be a solvent used for the polycondensation reaction or other solvents.
- the additive solvent is not particularly limited as long as the polysiloxane polymer is uniformly dissolved, and one or more kinds can be arbitrarily selected and used.
- Examples of such an addition solvent include ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone, and ester solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and ethyl lactate, in addition to the solvent used in the polycondensation reaction.
- the polysiloxane polymer is subjected to a polycondensation reaction before mixing the other polymer with the polysiloxane polymer.
- the generated alcohol is preferably distilled off at normal pressure or reduced pressure.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent in the present invention is a solution for forming a liquid crystal alignment film, and contains a specific polymer having a specific side chain structure represented by the formula [4-1a] or the formula [4-2a] and a solvent. It is a solution.
- the specific polymer having a specific side chain structure is not particularly limited, but is selected from the group consisting of acrylic polymer, methacrylic polymer, novolac resin, polyhydroxystyrene, polyimide precursor, polyimide, polyamide, polyester, cellulose and polysiloxane.
- the polymer is at least one polymer. Among these, a polyimide precursor, polyimide or polysiloxane is preferable.
- 1 type in these polymers, or 2 or more types can be used for a specific polymer.
- All of the polymer components in the liquid crystal aligning agent may be specific polymers, or other polymers may be mixed.
- the content of the other polymer is 0.5 to 15 parts by mass, preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the specific polymer.
- Examples of the other polymer include the above-mentioned polymers having no specific side chain structure of the above formula [4-1a] or [4-2a].
- Content of the solvent in a liquid-crystal aligning agent can be suitably selected from a viewpoint of obtaining the coating method of a liquid-crystal aligning agent, and the target film thickness.
- the content of the solvent in the liquid crystal aligning agent is preferably 50 to 99.9% by mass.
- 60 to 99% by mass is preferable, and 65 to 99% by mass is particularly preferable.
- the solvent used for the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited as long as the solvent dissolves the specific polymer.
- the specific polymer is a polyimide precursor, polyimide, polyamide or polyester, or when the solubility of an acrylic polymer, methacrylic polymer, novolac resin, polyhydroxystyrene, cellulose or polysiloxane in a solvent is low, It is preferable to use a solvent (also referred to as a solvent A) as shown in FIG.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone or ⁇ -butyrolactone is preferably used. These may be used alone or in combination.
- the specific polymer is an acrylic polymer, methacrylic polymer, novolak resin, polyhydroxystyrene, cellulose, or polysiloxane
- the specific polymer is a polyimide precursor, polyimide, polyamide, or polyester.
- a solvent as shown below also referred to as a solvent B
- the solvent B include the solvents B described on pages 58 to 60 of International Publication WO2014 / 171493. Among them, 1-hexanol, cyclohexanol, 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone or the above formula [D1] It is preferable to use a solvent of the formula [D3].
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone or ⁇ -butyrolactone of the solvent A, particularly ⁇ is used for the purpose of improving the coating property of the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- -It is preferable to use butyrolactone together.
- the solvent B can improve the coating properties and surface smoothness of the liquid crystal alignment film when applying the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent, when a polyimide precursor, polyimide, polyamide or polyester is used for the specific polymer, It is preferably used in combination with the solvent A.
- the solvent B is preferably 1 to 99% by mass of the whole solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. Among these, 10 to 99% by mass is preferable, and 20 to 95% by mass is more preferable.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent is a compound having at least one selected from the group consisting of the following formulas [b-1] to [b-11] (also referred to as a specific compound (A)) from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the device. ) Is preferably introduced.
- B a represents a hydrogen atom or a benzene ring.
- B b to B d each represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- K 1 represents an integer of 1 to 12.
- K 2 is an integer of 0 to 4, particularly 1 or 2 from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the element.
- K a is a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —N (CH 3 ) CO—, —COO— or —OCO.
- K b is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group, an alkoxyl group, or fluorine.
- An alkoxyl group containing an alkyl group or an alkoxyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms is preferable, and an alkyl group or an alkoxyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- K 3 represents an integer of 1 to 12. Particularly, from the viewpoint of optical characteristics of the device, 1 to 8 is preferable.
- K c is a single bond, — (CH 2 ) c — (c is an integer of 1 to 15) , -O -, - CH 2 O -, -. COO- or an -OCO- particular, for ease of the availability of raw materials and synthetic, -COO- or -OCO- are preferred .
- K d are single Represents a bond, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —N (CH 3 ) CO—, —COO— or —OCO—, in particular.
- K e represents an alkyl group, a fluorine-containing alkyl group, an alkoxyl group or a fluorine-containing alkoxyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms. Naka However, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkoxyl group is preferable. Preferred is an alkyl group or alkoxyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- K 4 represents an integer of 0 to 4. Among these, 1 or 2 is preferable from the viewpoint of optical characteristics of the element.
- K f is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group, an alkoxyl group, or fluorine.
- An alkoxyl group containing an alkyl group or an alkoxyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms is preferable, and an alkyl group or an alkoxyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- K 5 represents an integer of 1 to 12. Particularly, from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the element, 1 to 8 is preferable. K 6 represents an integer of 0 to 4. In particular, the point of the optical characteristics of the element. Therefore, 1 or 2 is preferable, and K g represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group, an alkoxyl group, or a fluorine-containing alkoxyl group, and among them, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkoxyl group is preferable. (The alkyl group or alkoxyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is more preferable.)
- K h represents a single bond, — (CH 2 ) c — (c is an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO—, or —OCO—. from the viewpoint of availability and ease of synthesis, -COO- or -OCO- are preferred .
- K i represents an alkyl group, a fluorine-containing alkyl group, an alkoxyl group or a fluorine-containing alkoxyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms. Naka However, an alkyl group or alkoxyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms is preferable, and an alkyl group or alkoxyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- K 7 represents an integer of 1 to 12. Particularly, from the viewpoint of optical properties, 1 to 8 is preferable.
- K j is a single bond, — (CH 2 ) c — (c is an integer of 1 to 15) , -O -, - CH 2 O -, -.
- K k is An alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group, an alkoxyl group, or a fluorine-containing alkoxyl group is preferable, and an alkyl group or alkoxyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms is preferable, and one having 1 to 1 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- the use ratio of the specific compound (A) in the liquid crystal aligning agent is preferably from 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably from 100 parts by mass of the specific polymer, from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element.
- the amount is 0.5 to 20 parts by mass, and 1 to 10 parts by mass is particularly preferable.
- these compounds can use 1 type (s) or 2 or more types according to each characteristic.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent includes a compound having an epoxy group, an isocyanate group, an oxetane group, or a cyclocarbonate group, or a group consisting of a hydroxy group, a hydroxyalkyl group, and a lower alkoxyalkyl group in order to increase the strength of the liquid crystal alignment film. It is preferable to contain a compound having at least one selected group (also collectively referred to as a specific crosslinkable compound). It is necessary to have two or more of these groups in the compound.
- crosslinkable compound having an epoxy group or an isocyanate group examples include crosslinkable compounds having an epoxy group or an isocyanate group described in pages 63 to 64 of International Publication WO2014 / 171493.
- Specific examples of the crosslinkable compound having an oxetane group include the crosslinkable compounds of the formulas [4a] to [4k] described on pages 58 to 59 of International Publication WO2011 / 132751.
- Specific examples of the crosslinkable compound having a cyclocarbonate group include the crosslinkable compounds of the formulas [5-1] to [5-42] described on pages 76 to 82 of International Publication WO2012 / 014898.
- crosslinkable compound having a hydroxyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group and a lower alkoxyalkyl group include melamine derivatives or benzoguanamine derivatives described on pages 65 to 66 of International Publication No. 2014/171493, and International Publication No. WO2011 / 132751. Nos. 62 to 66, and the crosslinkable compounds of the formulas [6-1] to [6-48].
- the content of the specific crosslinkable compound in the liquid crystal aligning agent is preferably 0.1 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total polymer components, in order that the cross-linking reaction proceeds and the desired effect is better expressed. 0.1 to 50 parts by mass is more preferable, and 1 to 30 parts by mass is most preferable.
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent preferably contains at least one generator (also referred to as a specific generator) selected from the group consisting of a photo radical generator, a photo acid generator and a photo base generator.
- the specific generator includes specific generators described on pages 54 to 56 of International Publication No. 2014/171493.
- the specific generator it is preferable to use a photoradical generator from the viewpoint of adhesion between the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display element and the liquid crystal alignment film.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent has at least one structure selected from the group consisting of the following formulas [e-1] to [e-8] for the purpose of improving the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film. It is preferable to contain a compound (also referred to as a specific adhesive compound).
- E 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a benzene ring.
- E 2 represents a cyclic group having a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring or a heterocyclic ring.
- E 3 represents an alkyl group, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, An alkoxy group or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group is shown.
- Specific examples of the specific adhesion compound include compounds of the formula [6] described on pages 43 to 46 of International Publication No. WO2015 / 012368. Further, those described on pages 61 to 63 of International Publication No. WO2014 / 171493 can be used.
- the content of the specific adhesion compound in the liquid crystal aligning agent is preferably 0.1 to 150 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer component, so that the cross-linking reaction proceeds and the desired effect is better expressed. 1 to 100 parts by mass is more preferable, and 1 to 50 parts by mass is most preferable.
- the specific adhesion compound may be used alone or in combination of two or more depending on each property.
- the formula [M1] to formula described in pages 69 to 73 of International Publication No. A nitrogen-containing heterocyclic amine compound of [M156] can also be added.
- This amine compound may be added directly to the liquid crystal aligning agent, but it is preferably added after a solution having a concentration of 0.1 to 10% by mass, preferably 1 to 7% by mass with an appropriate solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is an organic solvent that dissolves the specific polymer.
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent a compound that improves the uniformity of the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment film and the surface smoothness when the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent is applied can be used. Furthermore, a compound that improves the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate can also be used.
- the compound that improves the film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness of the liquid crystal alignment film include fluorine-based surfactants, silicone-based surfactants, and nonionic surfactants. Specific examples include surfactants described on page 67 of International Publication No. WO2014 / 171493. The use ratio thereof is preferably 0.01 to 2 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total polymer components contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the compound that improves the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate include compounds described on pages 67 to 69 of International Publication No. WO2014 / 171493. Further, the use ratio is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of all polymer components contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. is there.
- a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent may be added with a dielectric or conductive material for the purpose of changing electrical characteristics such as dielectric constant or conductivity of the liquid crystal alignment film.
- the substrate used for the liquid crystal display element is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate.
- a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate, a polycarbonate substrate, a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) substrate, and a film thereof. Can be used.
- a plastic substrate or a film is preferable.
- a substrate on which a metal such as a silicon wafer or aluminum or a dielectric multilayer film is formed can be used as long as the substrate is only on one side.
- liquid crystal alignment film that aligns liquid crystal molecules vertically.
- This liquid crystal alignment film can be obtained by applying a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent on a substrate and baking it, followed by alignment treatment by rubbing treatment or light irradiation.
- a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent on a substrate and baking it, followed by alignment treatment by rubbing treatment or light irradiation.
- the liquid crystal alignment film in the present invention it can be used as a liquid crystal alignment film without these alignment treatments.
- the application method of the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited, but industrially includes screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, ink jet method, dipping method, roll coater method, slit coater method, spinner method, spray method, etc. Depending on the kind of the substrate and the film thickness of the target liquid crystal alignment film, it can be appropriately selected.
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent After the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent is applied on the substrate, it is heated by a heating means such as a hot plate, a heat circulation oven, an IR (infrared) oven, etc., depending on the type of the substrate and the solvent used for the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent.
- the solvent can be evaporated at a temperature of 300 ° C., preferably 30-250 ° C.
- the treatment is preferably performed at a temperature of 30 to 150 ° C. If the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment film after baking is too thick, it is disadvantageous in terms of power consumption of the device. If it is too thin, the reliability of the device may be lowered. More preferably, it is 10 to 300 nm, and particularly preferably 10 to 250 nm.
- a liquid crystal composition used for the liquid crystal display element may contain a spacer for controlling the electrode gap (also referred to as a gap) of the element.
- the injection method of a liquid crystal composition is not specifically limited, For example, the following method is mentioned. That is, when a glass substrate is used as a substrate, a pair of substrates on which a liquid crystal alignment film is formed is prepared, and a sealant is applied to four pieces of one side of the substrate except for a part, and then the surface of the liquid crystal alignment film is An empty cell is produced by bonding the other substrate to the inside.
- a method of obtaining a liquid crystal composition injection cell by injecting the liquid crystal composition under reduced pressure from a place where the sealant is not applied can be mentioned.
- a plastic substrate or a film is used as a substrate, a pair of substrates having a liquid crystal alignment film is prepared, and a liquid crystal composition is formed on one substrate by an ODF (One Drop Filling) method or an inkjet method. Is dropped, and then the other substrate is bonded to obtain a liquid crystal composition injection cell.
- ODF One Drop Filling
- the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal alignment film is high, it is not necessary to apply the sealing agent to the four pieces of the substrate.
- the gap of the liquid crystal display element can be controlled by the spacer or the like.
- Examples of the method include a method of introducing a spacer having a target size into the liquid crystal composition and a method using a substrate having a column spacer of a target size as described above.
- the gap can be controlled without introducing a spacer.
- the size of the gap of the liquid crystal display element is preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 2 to 30 ⁇ m. If the gap is too small, the contrast of the device is lowered, and if it is too large, the drive voltage of the device is increased.
- a liquid crystal composition disposed between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes is cured by irradiating with an ultraviolet ray using an ultraviolet irradiation device to form a cured product of the liquid crystal composition.
- the liquid crystal composition is cured by irradiating the cell into which the liquid crystal composition is injected with ultraviolet rays.
- the ultraviolet irradiation device used in this case a known device can be used.
- the light source of the ultraviolet irradiation device include a metal halide lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp, and an ultraviolet light emitting diode.
- the specific ultraviolet irradiation device include the specific ultraviolet irradiation device-1 or -2 described on pages 39 to 43 of International Publication No. WO2015 / 199148.
- the specific ultraviolet irradiation device-2 is preferable from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the element.
- the wavelength of the ultraviolet light of the ultraviolet light emitting diode is preferably from 200 to 500 nm, more preferably from 250 to 450 nm, and particularly preferably from 300 to 400 nm.
- the irradiation intensity of the ultraviolet light emitting diode is preferably 0.1 to 150 mW / cm 2 , more preferably 1 to 100 mW / cm 2 , and particularly preferably 1 to 40 mW / cm 2 .
- the irradiation time is preferably 1 to 600 seconds, more preferably 5 to 300 seconds, and particularly preferably 10 to 120 seconds.
- the surface temperature of the object to be treated when irradiating ultraviolet rays using the specific ultraviolet irradiation device-1 or -2, that is, the liquid crystal composition injection cell is preferably 0 to 100 ° C, more preferably 10 to 50. ° C, particularly preferably 15 to 30 ° C.
- the liquid crystal composition injection cell is preferably 0 to 100 ° C, more preferably 10 to 50. ° C, particularly preferably 15 to 30 ° C.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- ⁇ -BL ⁇ -butyrolactone
- BCS ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
- PB propylene glycol monobutyl ether
- PGME propylene glycol monomethyl ether
- ECS ethylene glycol monoethyl ether
- EC diethylene glycol Monoethyl ether
- This reaction solution was poured into methanol (450 ml), and the resulting precipitate was filtered off. This deposit was wash
- the imidation ratio of this polyimide was 58%, Mn was 17,200, and Mw was 47,500.
- ⁇ Synthesis Example 11> Prepare a solution of alkoxysilane monomer by mixing EC (29.2 g), E1 (4.10 g) and E5 (38.8 g) in a 200 ml four-necked reaction flask equipped with a thermometer and reflux tube. did. To this solution, a solution prepared by mixing EC (14.6 g), water (10.8 g), and oxalic acid (0.50 g) as a catalyst was added dropwise at 25 ° C. over 30 minutes. The mixture was further stirred at 25 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- Table 3 and Table 4 show the liquid crystal aligning agents obtained in the above synthesis examples. In any of the liquid crystal alignment treatment agents obtained in these synthesis examples, no abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation was observed, and it was confirmed that the solution was uniform.
- Tables 3 and 4 the numerical values in parentheses for the specific compound (A), the specific crosslinkable compound, the specific generator, and the specific adhesive compound added to the liquid crystal aligning agent are the specific weights. Content (mass part) with respect to 100 mass parts of union is shown.
- Loctite 3736 manufactured by Henkel
- a curable resin in the present invention a monomer having at least one polar group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group and a phosphate group, based on the total amount of liquid, aliphatic urethane acrylate: 38 mass) %, Isobornyl acrylate: 36% by mass, acrylate ester: 9% by mass, hydroxyethyl methacrylate: 9% by mass, polymerization initiator: 5% by mass, and organic phosphate compound: 3% by mass (1.
- liquid crystal (MLC-6608) manufactured by Merck
- T1 (0.187 g)
- S1 (0.187 g)
- Liquid crystal composition (4) The Loctite 3736 (1.20 g), 1,9-nonanediol dimethacrylate (1.10 g) and 1,4-bis (3-mercaptobutyryloxy) butane (0.15 g) were mixed. Thereafter, the liquid crystal (MLC-6608) (3.12 g), T1 (0.187 g), S1 (0.374 g) and W1 (0.187 g) were mixed to obtain a liquid crystal composition (4).
- MLC-6608 liquid crystal
- the liquid crystal aligning agent obtained in the synthesis example was subjected to pressure filtration with a membrane filter having a pore diameter of 1 ⁇ m.
- the obtained solution was spin-coated on an ITO surface of a glass substrate with an ITO electrode (length: 100 mm, width: 100 mm, thickness: 0.7 mm) washed with pure water and IPA (isopropyl alcohol), and placed on a hot plate. Then, heat treatment was performed at 100 ° C. for 5 minutes and in a heat circulation clean oven at 210 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain an ITO substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film having a film thickness of 100 nm.
- Two ITO substrates with the obtained liquid crystal alignment film were prepared, and a spacer having a particle diameter of 6 ⁇ m was applied to the liquid crystal alignment film surface of one of the substrates. Thereafter, the liquid crystal composition is dropped onto the surface of the liquid crystal alignment film coated with the spacer on the substrate by ODF (One Drop Filling) method, and then bonded so that the liquid crystal alignment film interface of the other substrate faces.
- ODF One Drop Filling
- the liquid crystal display element before this treatment was cut at a wavelength of 350 nm or less using a metal halide lamp with an illuminance of 20 mW / cm 2 and irradiated with ultraviolet rays for an irradiation time of 30 seconds. At that time, the temperature in the irradiation apparatus when the liquid crystal cell was irradiated with ultraviolet rays was controlled to 25 ° C. In Example 2, ultraviolet irradiation was performed using an ultraviolet light emitting diode.
- the wavelength of the light source of the ultraviolet light emitting diode was 365 nm
- the illuminance of the ultraviolet light was 15 mW / cm 2
- the irradiation time was 60 seconds
- the substrate surface temperature was controlled to 20 ° C.
- a liquid crystal display element reverse type element
- the liquid crystal orientation was evaluated using this liquid crystal display element.
- the liquid crystal alignment the device was observed with a polarizing microscope (ECLIPSE E600WPOL) (manufactured by Nikon Corporation), and it was confirmed whether or not the liquid crystal was vertically aligned.
- the liquid crystal display elements of Examples and Comparative Examples 2 to 4 the liquid crystal was vertically aligned.
- the liquid crystal display element of Comparative Example 1 the liquid crystal was not vertically aligned.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent obtained in the synthesis example was subjected to pressure filtration with a membrane filter having a pore diameter of 1 ⁇ m.
- the obtained solution was coated with a bar coater on the ITO surface of a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) substrate (length: 150 mm, width: 150 mm, thickness: 0.2 mm) washed with pure water and thermally circulated.
- a heat treatment was performed at 120 ° C. for 2 minutes in a mold clean oven to obtain an ITO substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film having a thickness of 100 nm.
- liquid crystal display element Two ITO substrates with the obtained liquid crystal alignment film were prepared, and a 6 ⁇ m spacer was applied to the liquid crystal alignment film surface of one of the substrates. Thereafter, the liquid crystal composition is dropped onto the liquid crystal alignment film surface coated with the spacer of the substrate by the ODF method, and then bonded so that the liquid crystal alignment film interface of the other substrate faces. A liquid crystal display element was obtained.
- the liquid crystal display element before this treatment was cut with a wavelength of 350 nm or less using a metal halide lamp with an illuminance of 20 mW / cm 2 and irradiated with ultraviolet rays for an irradiation time of 30 seconds. At that time, the temperature in the irradiation apparatus when the liquid crystal cell was irradiated with ultraviolet rays was controlled to 25 ° C. In Examples 6, 11, 13, 15, and 18, ultraviolet irradiation was performed using an ultraviolet light emitting diode.
- the wavelength of the light source of the ultraviolet light emitting diode was 365 nm
- the illuminance of the ultraviolet light was 15 mW / cm 2
- the irradiation time was 60 seconds
- the substrate surface temperature was controlled to 20 ° C.
- a liquid crystal display element reverse type (plastic substrate) was obtained.
- the liquid crystal orientation was evaluated using this liquid crystal display element.
- the liquid crystal alignment the device was observed with a polarizing microscope (ECLIPSE E600WPOL) (manufactured by Nikon Corporation), and it was confirmed whether or not the liquid crystal was vertically aligned. As a result, in the liquid crystal display element of the example, the liquid crystal was vertically aligned.
- the HAZE (%) when no voltage is applied and when a voltage is applied after being stored in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at a temperature of 80 ° C and a humidity of 90% RH for 36 hours was measured.
- the lower the change rate of HAZE (%) after storage in a constant temperature and humidity chamber with respect to HAZE (%) (initial value) immediately after the production of the liquid crystal display element the better the evaluation.
- a constant temperature and humidity chamber having a temperature of 80 ° C. and a humidity of 90% RH was used as an emphasis test.
- the HAZE (%) after storage for 72 hours was also evaluated.
- the evaluation method is the same conditions as described above.
- Tables 5 to 7 show the evaluation results of HAZE (%) immediately after the production of the liquid crystal display element (initial stage), after storage in a constant temperature and humidity chamber (constant temperature and humidity) and after ultraviolet irradiation (ultraviolet light) when no voltage is applied and when voltage is applied. It summarizes and shows.
- HCT3B28HEX-1 desktop UV curing device
- the device was also peeled off (as a stability test for the liquid crystal display device against light irradiation). Specifically, an element in which no bubbles were observed and no element peeling occurred was considered excellent in this evaluation (good indication in the table).
- Tables 8 to 10 collectively show the adhesion results (adhesion) between the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal alignment film after storage in a constant temperature and humidity chamber (constant temperature and humidity) and after irradiation with ultraviolet rays (ultraviolet rays).
- Examples 1 to 20 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 As shown in Tables 5 to 10 below, any one of the liquid crystal aligning agents (1) to (15) obtained in each of the synthesis examples and any of the liquid crystal compositions (1) to (7) were used. The optical properties (transparency and scattering properties) were evaluated and the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal alignment film was evaluated. In Examples 1 to 4, 14, 16, and 19 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, liquid crystal display elements were prepared on a glass substrate and evaluated, while Examples 5 to 13, 15, 17, and 18 were made. 20 and Comparative Examples 5 to 7, a liquid crystal display element was fabricated with a plastic substrate and evaluated.
- Example 1 In Examples 1, 3 to 5, 7 to 10, 12, 14, 16, 17, 19, 20, and Comparative Examples 1 to 7, a liquid crystal display element was used by using a metal halide lamp as a light source of an ultraviolet irradiation device. Each sample was manufactured and evaluated. In Examples 2, 6, 11, 13, 15, and 18, a liquid crystal display element was manufactured using an ultraviolet light emitting diode as a light source, and each evaluation was performed. These results are summarized in Tables 5 to 10.
- * 1 Evaluation was not possible because the liquid crystal was not vertically aligned.
- * 2 A very small amount of bubbles was observed in the device.
- * 3 A small amount of bubbles was observed in the element (more than * 2).
- * 4 Bubbles were observed in the element (more than * 3).
- * 5 Many bubbles were observed in the element (more than * 4).
- the liquid crystal display elements of the examples have better optical properties than the comparative examples, i.e., transparency in the initial stage, after storage in a constant temperature and humidity chamber, and after no ultraviolet light application.
- the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal alignment film was high.
- the examples in which the specific compound (1) and the specific compound (2) were introduced into the liquid crystal composition were compared with the comparative example in which they were not introduced or the comparative example in which only one of them was introduced.
- the optical characteristics under the severe conditions and the adhesion between the liquid crystal and the liquid crystal alignment film increased. Specifically, in the comparison under the same conditions, the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3 or Comparative Example 4, and the comparison between Example 5 and Comparative Example 5, Comparative Example 6 or 7 is there.
- the liquid crystal was not aligned vertically. Specifically, it is Comparative Example 1.
- the specific compound (3) was introduced into the liquid crystal composition together with the specific compounds (1) and (2), the optical properties, particularly the transparency, increased. Specifically, it is a comparison between Examples 9 and 10 in the comparison under the same conditions.
- the specific side chain structures in the specific polymer of the liquid crystal aligning agent when the diamine having the specific side chain structure of the formula [4-1a] was used, the diamine having the formula [4-2a] was used. Compared to the case, the optical properties, particularly transparency, increased. Furthermore, even after storing in a constant temperature and humidity chamber for a long time in the emphasis test, high transparency was obtained.
- the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal alignment film was enhanced particularly under the severe conditions. Specifically, it is a comparison between Examples 1 and 4 in the comparison under the same conditions.
- the specific compound (A) was introduced into the liquid crystal aligning agent, the optical properties, particularly transparency, increased. Specifically, it is a comparison between Examples 5 and 7 in the comparison under the same conditions.
- the specific crosslinkable compound was introduced into the liquid crystal aligning agent, the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal aligning film was increased particularly under the severe conditions. Specifically, it is a comparison between Examples 5 and 8 in the comparison under the same conditions.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is suitably used for elements used in transportation equipment such as automobiles, railways, and aircraft, specifically, optical shutter elements used for light control windows and room mirrors.
- this element has higher light-intake efficiency at night than conventional reverse-type elements, and can further enhance the effect of preventing glare from outside light. Comfort can be improved and reliability is high.
- this element can also be used for a light guide plate of a display such as an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) or an OLED (Organic Light-emitting Diode), or a back plate of these displays.
- a display such as an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) or an OLED (Organic Light-emitting Diode)
- a back plate of these displays for example, when the screen is displayed on the transparent display by combining the transparent display and the present element, in order to suppress the entry of light from the rear surface with the present element Can be used.
- the present element is in a scattering state where a voltage is applied when performing screen display on a transparent display, and the screen display can be made clear. After the screen display is completed, the device is in a transparent state where no voltage is applied.
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Abstract
Description
偏光板を用いずに光の利用効率の高い液晶表示素子として、液晶の透過状態(透明状態)と散乱状態との間でスイッチングを行う素子があり、一般的には、高分子分散型液晶(PDLC:Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal)や高分子ネットワーク型液晶(PNLC:Polymer Network Liquid Crystal)を用いたものが知られている。
従来のPDLCやPNLCを用いた液晶表示素子は、電圧無印加時に液晶分子がランダムな方向を向いているため、白濁(散乱)状態となり、電圧印加時には液晶が電界方向に配列し、光を透過して透過状態となる液晶表示素子(ノーマル型素子ともいう。)である。しかし、ノーマル型素子においては、透過状態を得るために常時電圧を印加しておく必要があるため、透明状態で使用される場合が多い用途、例えば窓ガラス等で使用する場合には、消費電力が大きくなってしまう。
更に、リバース型素子に用いる液晶配向膜は、液晶を垂直に配向させるために疎水性が高い膜であることから、液晶層と液晶配向膜とのの密着性が低くなる問題がある。そのため、リバース型素子に用いる液晶組成物には、硬化剤の役割がある重合性化合物を多く導入しなければならない。しかし、重合性化合物を多く導入すると、液晶の垂直配向性が阻害され、電圧無印加時の透明性と電圧印加時の散乱特性が大きく低下する問題がある。
本発明は、液晶の垂直配向性が高く、良好な光学特性、即ち、電圧無印加時の透明性と電圧印加時の散乱特性が良好であり、更に液晶層と液晶配向膜との密着性が高く、長時間、高温高湿や光の照射に曝される環境においても、これらの特性を維持できる液晶表示素子を提供することを目的とする。
本発明は、電極を備えた一対の基板の間に配置した液晶組成物に対する紫外線照射装置からの紫外線の照射による硬化物からなる液晶層を有し、かつ基板の少なくとも一方が液晶を垂直に配向させる液晶配向膜を備える液晶表示素子であって、
前記液晶組成物が、硬化性樹脂、二官能モノマー、下記式[1-1a]の化合物、下記式[2-1a]の化合物、並びにヒドロキシル基、カルボキシ基及びリン酸基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の極性基を有するモノマーを含み、かつ前記液晶配向膜が、下記式[4-1a]又は式[4-2a]の側鎖構造を有する重合体を含む液晶配向処理剤から得られる液晶配向膜であることを特徴とする液晶表示素子にある。
本発明の液晶表示素子に使用される液晶組成物に含まれる式[1-1a]の化合物(特定化合物(1)ともいう。)は、ベンゼン環やシクロヘキサン環といった剛直構造の部位を有するため、その剛直構造が、液晶の垂直配向性を高める。
また、本発明の液晶組成物に含まれる式[2-1a]の化合物(特定化合物(2)ともいう。)は、式[2-1a]中のS1の紫外線により重合反応する部位を有するので紫外線の照射により液晶組成物の硬化性樹脂中の重合性化合物と重合反応する。
また、特定化合物(1)は、式[1-1a]中のT1の極性基を有するが、この極性基は、液晶組成物に含まれるモノマーが有するヒドロキシ基、カルボキシ基及びリン酸基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の極性基とともに、特定化合物(2)の有するイソシアネート基(-N=C=O)と付加反応を起こす。
更に、本発明の液晶表示素子に使用される液晶配向膜は、式[4-1a]又は式[4-2a]の側鎖構造(特定側鎖構造ともいう。)を有する重合体(特定重合体ともいう。)を含有する液晶配向処理剤から得られる。この特定側鎖構造を有する液晶配向膜を有する素子は、高くて安定な液晶の垂直配向性を与えるため、良好な光学特性を発現するリバース型素子が得られる。
本発明における液晶組成物は、硬化性樹脂、二官能モノマー、特定化合物(1)、特定化合物(2)、並びに、ヒドロキシル基、カルボキシ基及びリン酸基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の極性基を有するモノマーを含む。
液晶には、ネマチック液晶、スメクチック液晶又はコレステリック液晶を用いることができる。なかでも、負の誘電異方性を有するものが好ましい。また、低電圧駆動及び散乱特性の点からは、誘電率の異方性が大きく、屈折率の異方性が大きいものが好ましい。具体的には、誘電率の異方性(△ε:誘電率異方性ともいう。)が-1~-10が好ましく、より好ましくは、-3~-6である。また、屈折率の異方性(△n:屈折率異方性ともいう。)が0.150~0.350が好ましく、より好ましくは、0.150~0.250である。また、液晶の相転移温度は40~120℃が好ましく、より好ましくは、80~100℃である。液晶は、相転移温度、誘電率異方性及び屈折率異方性の各物性値に応じて2種以上を使用できる。
更に、液晶表示素子は、液晶組成物中に二色性染料を溶解させてゲストホスト型の素子とすることもできる。この場合、電圧無印加時は透明で、電圧印加時に吸収(散乱)となる素子が得られる。また、この素子では、液晶のダイレクターの方向(配向の方向)は、電圧印加の有無により90度変化するため、二色性染料の吸光特性の違いを利用することで、ランダム配向と垂直配向でスイッチングを行う従来のゲストホスト型の素子に比べて、高いコントラストが得られる。また、二色性染料を溶解させたゲストホスト型の素子では、液晶が水平方向に配向した場合に有色になり、散乱状態においてのみ不透明となる。そのため、電圧を印加するにつれ、電圧無印加時の無色透明から有色不透明、有色透明の状態に切り替わる素子を得ることもできる。
液晶組成物中の重合性化合物は、液晶に溶解すれば、特に限定されず、そのオリゴマーを含むポリマーでもよく、また、重合性化合物を液晶に溶解した際に、液晶組成物の一部又は全体が液晶相を示す温度が存在することが好ましい。液晶組成物の一部が液晶相を示す場合であっても、液晶表示素子を肉眼で確認して、素子内全体が、ほぼ一様な透明性と散乱特性が得られていることが好ましい。
なかでも、重合性化合物の反応形式は、液晶表示素子の光学特性の点から、ラジカル重合であることが好ましい。その際、重合性化合物としては、下記のラジカル型の重合性化合物、又はそのオリゴマーを用いることができる。また、前記の通り、これらの重合性化合物を重合反応させたポリマーを用いることもできる。
更に、フェニルグリシジルエーテルアクリレートヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートウレタンプレポリマー、ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレートヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートウレタンプレポリマー、ジペンタエリスリトールペンタアクリレートヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートウレタンプレポリマーなどのポリウレタンアクリレート、又はこれらのモノマーやオリゴマーを用いることもできる。これらラジカル型の重合性化合物は、各特性に応じて1種又は2種以上をも使用できる。
液晶組成物において、硬化性樹脂を形成する重合性化合物又はそのオリゴマーを含むポリマーの含有割合は、液晶組成物中において、液晶表示素子の液晶層と液晶配向膜との密着性などの点から、液晶組成物中の液晶100質量部に対して、70~150質量部が好ましく、より好ましくは、80~120質量部である。
具体的には、国際公開公報2015/199148の10頁~11頁に記載されるラジカル開始剤が挙げられる。
ラジカル開始剤の使用割合は、素子の液晶層と液晶配向膜との密着性の点から、液晶組成物中の液晶100質量部に対して、0.01~10質量部が好ましい。より好ましいのは、0.05~5質量部である。これらラジカル開始剤は、各特性に応じて1種又は2種以上をも使用できる。
T1は特定化合物(2)との付加反応の点から、式[1-b]、式[1-c]又は式[1-e]が好ましい。より好ましくは、式[1-b]又は式[1-c]である。T2は単結合又は炭素数1~12のアルキレン基が好ましく、アルキレン基の任意の-CH2-は、-O-、-CO-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONH-、-NHCO-、-NH-、-CON(CH3)-、-S-又は-SO2-で置換されていてもよい。より好ましくは、単結合又は炭素数1~8のアルキレン基である。T3は液晶表示素子の光学特性の点から、ベンゼン環、シクロヘキサン環、又はステロイド骨格を有する炭素数17~51の2価の有機基が好ましい。より好ましくは、ベンゼン環又はシクロヘキサン環である。T4は単結合、-O-、-COO-又は-OCO-が好ましい。より好ましくは、単結合である。T5は液晶表示素子の光学特性の点から、ベンゼン環又はシクロヘキサン環が好ましい。T6は液晶表示素子の光学特性の点から、炭素数1~18のアルキル基、炭素数2~18のアルケニル基又は炭素数1~18のアルコキシ基が好ましい。より好ましくは、炭素数1~12の、アルキル基又はアルコキシ基である。nTは0~3の整数、より好ましくは1又は2である。
式[1-2a]中、T7、T8、T9、T10、T11及びmTは、前記に定義した通りであり、より具体的には、下記式[1a-1]~式[1a-24]の化合物が挙げられる。
なかでも、S1は液晶表示素子の液晶層と液晶配向膜との密着性の点から、前記式[2-a]、式[2-b]、式[2-c]又は式[2-e]が好ましい。より好ましくは、式[2-a]又は式[2-b]である。S2は炭素数2~12の直鎖状又は分岐状のアルキレン基が好ましく、S1と-N=C=Oと隣り合わない前記アルキレン基の任意の-CH2-は、-O-、-CO-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONH-、-NHCO-又は-NH-で置き換えられていてもよい。より好ましくは、炭素数2~8の直鎖状又は分岐状のアルキレン基である。nSは液晶表示素子の液晶層と液晶配向膜との密着性から、2~4の整数が好ましく、2がより好ましい。
特定化合物(2)の使用割合は、液晶表示素子の光学特性の点から、液晶組成物中の液晶100質量部に対して、1~40質量部であることが好ましい。より好ましいのは、1~30質量部である。特定化合物(2)は、各特性に応じて1種又は2種以上を使用できる。
式[3-1a]中、W1、W2、W3、W4、W5、W6及びnWは、なかでも、それぞれ、下記のものが好ましい。
W1は前記式[3-a]、前記式[3-b]、前記式[3-c]又は前記式[3-e]が好ましい。より好ましくは、液晶層と液晶配向膜との密着性の点から、式[3-a]、式[3-b]又は式[3-c]の構造である。
W2は単結合又は炭素数1~12のアルキレン基が好ましく、前記アルキレン基の任意の-CH2-は、-O-、-CO-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONH-、-NHCO-、-NH-、-CON(CH3)-、-S-又は-SO2-で置換されていてもよい。より好ましくは単結合又は炭素数1~8のアルキレン基である。
W4は単結合、-CH2-、-O-、-COO-又は-OCO-が好ましい。W5は、液晶表示素子の光学特性の点から、ベンゼン環又はシクロヘキサン環が好ましい。W6は、素子の光学特性の点から、炭素数1~18のアルキル基、炭素数2~18のアルケニル基又は炭素数1~18のアルコキシ基が好ましい。より好ましくは、炭素数1~12のアルキル基又は炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基である。nWは、0~3の整数が好ましい。より好ましくは、0~2の整数である。
特定化合物(3)の使用割合は、液晶表示素子の光学特性の点から、液晶組成物中の液晶100質量部に対して、1~40質量部であることが好ましい。より好ましいのは、1~30質量部であり、最も好ましいのは、1~20質量部である。
また、特定化合物(3)は、各特性に応じて1種又は2種以上を使用できる。
液晶組成物中における上記極性基を有するモノマーの含有割合は、液晶表示素子の液晶層と液晶配向膜との密着性の点から、液晶組成物中の液晶100質量部に対して、0.1~20質量部が好ましく、より好ましくは、0.5~10質量部である。
本発明における二官能モノマーとしては、前記の二官能重合性化合物が挙げられる。なかでも、1,9-ノナンジオールジアクリレート、1,9-ノナンジオールメタクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、ポリプロピレングリコールジアクリレート又はポリプロピレングリコールジメタクリレートを用いることが好ましい。より好ましくは、1,9-ノナンジオールジアクリレート又は1,9-ノナンジオールメタクリレートである。
また、液晶組成物中における二官能モノマーの含有割合は、液晶表示素子の光学特性などの点から、液晶組成物中の液晶100質量部に対して、1~50質量部が好ましく、より好ましくは、5~30質量部である。
液晶配向膜は、前記式[4-1a]又は式[4-2a]の特定側鎖構造を有する重合体を含む液晶配向処理剤から得られる。
式[4-1a]中、X1、X2、X3、X4、X5、X6及びnは、前記に定義した通りであるが、なかでも、それぞれ、下記のものが好ましい。
X1は原料の入手性や合成の容易さの点から、単結合、-(CH2)a-(aは1~15の整数である)、-O-、-CH2O-又は-COO-が好ましい。より好ましくは、単結合、-(CH2)a-(aは1~10の整数である)、-O-、-CH2O-又は-COO-である。X2は単結合又は-(CH2)b-(bは1~10の整数である)が好ましい。X3は合成の容易さの点から、単結合、-(CH2)a-(aは1~15の整数である)、-O-、-CH2O-又は-COO-が好ましい。より好ましくは、単結合、-(CH2)a-(aは1~10の整数である)、-O-、-CH2O-又は-COO-である。
式[4-2a]中、X7及びX8は、前記に定義した通りであるが、なかでも、それぞれ、下記のものが好ましい。
X7は単結合、-O-、-CH2O-、-CONH-、-CON(CH3)-又は-COO-が好ましい。より好ましくは、単結合、-O-、-CONH-又は-COO-である。X8は炭素数8~18のアルキル基が好ましい。
特定側鎖構造を有する特定重合体としては、特に限定されないが、アクリルポリマー、メタクリルポリマー、ノボラック樹脂、ポリヒドロキシスチレン、ポリイミド前駆体、ポリイミド、ポリアミド、ポリエステル、セルロース及びポリシロキサンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの重合体であることが好ましい。より好ましくは、ポリイミド前駆体、ポリイミド又はポリシロキサンである。
特定重合体にポリイミド前駆体又はポリイミド(総称してポリイミド系重合体ともいう。)を用いる場合、それらは、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸成分とを反応させて得られるポリイミド前駆体又はポリイミドであることが好ましい。
ポリイミド系重合体は、下記式[B]のテトラカルボン酸二無水物と下記式[C]のジアミンとを原料とすることで、比較的簡便に得られるという理由から、下記式[D]の繰り返し単位の構造式から成るポリアミド酸又は該ポリアミド酸をイミド化させたポリイミドが好ましい。
前記の特定側鎖構造をポリイミド系重合体に導入する方法としては、特定側鎖構造を有するジアミンを原料の一部に用いることが好ましい。
特に前記式[4a]のジアミン(特定側鎖型ジアミンともいう。)を用いることが好ましい。
式[4-1a]の特定側鎖構造を有する特定側鎖型ジアミンの具体例は、国際公開公報WO2013/125595の15頁~19頁に記載される式[2-1]~式[2-6]、式[2-9]~式[2-36]のジアミン化合物が挙げられる。なお、該国際公開公報において、式[2-1]~式[2-3]中のR2及び式[2-4]~式[2-6]中のR4は、炭素数1~18のアルキル基、炭素数1~18のフッ素含有アルキル基、炭素数1~18のアルコキシ基及び炭素数1~18のフッ素含有アルコキシ基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を示す。また、式[2-13]中のA4は炭素数3~18の直鎖状又は分岐状アルキル基を示す。加えて、式[2-4]~式[2-6]中のR3は-O-、-CH2O-、-COO-及び-OCO-からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を示す。
最も好ましいのは、液晶表示素子の光学特性の点から、前記式[4a-35]~式[4a-37]、式[4a-40]又は式[4a-41]のジアミンである。
特定側鎖型ジアミンの使用割合は、液晶表示素子の光学特性及び液晶層と液晶配向膜との密着性の点から、ジアミン成分全体に対し10~80モル%が好ましく、20~70モル%がより好ましい。 また、特定側鎖型ジアミン化合物は、各特性に応じて1種又は2種以上を使用できる。
Xeは炭素数1~18のアルキレン基、又はベンゼン環、シクロシクロヘキサン環又は複素環を有する炭素数6~24の有機基を示し、これら環状基上の任意の水素原子は、炭素数1~3のアルキル基、炭素数1~3のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~3のフッ素含有アルキル基、炭素数1~3のフッ素含有アルコキシ基又はフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい。なかでも、炭素数2~12のアルキレン基、又はベンゼン環及びシクロシクロヘキサン環からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の環状基を有する炭素数6~24の有機基が好ましい。より好ましくは、合成の容易さ及び液晶層と液晶配向膜との密着性の点から、炭素数2~12のアルキレン基である。
Xgは下記式[4-a]~式[4-f]から選ばれる構造を示す。なかでも、合成の容易さ及び液晶層と液晶配向膜との密着性の点から、下記式[4-a]、式[4-b]又は式[4-e]が好ましい。
具体的には、国際公開公報WO2015/012368の27頁~30頁に記載されるその他のジアミン化合物、及び同公報の30頁~32頁に記載される式[DA1]~式[DA14]のジアミン化合物が挙げられる。また、その他ジアミンは、各特性に応じて、1種又は2種以上を使用できる。
前記式[5]中のZ、前記式[5a]中のZ1~Z4、及び前記式[5g]中のZ5~Z6は、前記に定義した通りである。
なかでも、式[5]中、Zは、合成の容易さやポリマーを製造する際の重合反応性のし易さの点から、式[5a]、式[5c]、式[5d]、式[5e]、式[5f]、式[5g]、式[5k]又は式[5l]の構造が好ましい。より好ましくは、式[5a]、式[5e]、式[5f]、式[5g]、式[5k]又は式[5l]の構造であり、特に好ましくは、素子の光学特性の点から、式[5a]、式[5e]、式[5f]、式[5g]又は式[5l]である。
ポリイミド系重合体には、特定テトラカルボン酸成分以外のその他のテトラカルボン酸成分を用いることができる。その他のテトラカルボン酸成分としては、具体的には、国際公開公報WO2015/012368の34頁~35頁に記載されるその他のテトラカルボン酸成分が挙げられる。特定テトラカルボン酸成分及びその他のテトラカルボン酸成分は、各特性に応じて、1種又は2種以上を使用できる。
ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸成分との反応は、通常、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸成分とを含む溶媒中で行う。その際に用いる溶媒としては、生成したポリイミド前駆体が溶解するものであれば特に限定されない。具体的には、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N-エチル-2-ピロリドン、γ-ブチロラクトン、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド又は1,3-ジメチル-イミダゾリジノンが挙げられる。
また、これらは単独でも2種以上を使用してもよい。更に、ポリイミド前駆体を溶解させない溶媒であっても、生成したポリイミド前駆体が析出しない範囲で、前記の溶媒に混合して使用してもよい。また、有機溶媒中の水分は重合反応を阻害し、更には生成したポリイミド前駆体を加水分解させる原因となるので、有機溶媒は脱水乾燥させたものを用いることが好ましい。
ポリイミド系重合体の分子量は、そこから得られる液晶配向膜の強度、液晶配向膜形成時の作業性及び塗膜性を考慮した場合、GPC(Gel Permeation Chromatography)法で測定した重量平均分子量で5,000~1,000,000とするのが好ましく、より好ましくは10,000~150,000である。
前記式[A1]中、A1、A2、A3,m、n及びpは、前記に定義した通りであるが、なかでも、それぞれ、以下のものが好ましい。A1は高くて安定な液晶の垂直配向性を得ることができる点から、前記式[4-1a]の構造が好ましい。また、前記式[4-1a]におけるX1、X2、X3、X4、X5、X6、及びnの詳細及び好ましい組み合わせは、前記式[4-1a]の通りである。A2は水素原子又は炭素数1~3のアルキル基が好ましい。A3は重縮合の反応性の点から、炭素数1~3のアルキル基が好ましい。mは合成の容易さの点からは、1が好ましい。nは0~2の整数を示す。pは重縮合の反応性の点から、1~3の整数が好ましい。より好ましくは、2又は3である。m+n+pは4である。
前記式[A2]中、B1、B2、B3,m、n及びpは、前記に定義した通りである。なかでも、B1は入手の容易さの点から、ビニル基、エポキシ基、アミノ基、メタクリル基、アクリル基又はウレイド基を有する有機基が好ましい。より好ましくは、メタクリル基、アクリル基又はウレイド基を有する有機基である。B2は水素原子又は炭素数1~3のアルキル基が好ましい。B3は重縮合の反応性の点から、炭素数1~3のアルキル基が好ましい。mは合成の容易さの点からは、1が好ましい。nは0~2の整数を示す。pは重縮合の反応性の点から、1~3の整数が好ましい。より好ましくは、2又は3である。 m+n+pは4である。
なかでも、アリルトリエトキシシラン、アリルトリメトキシシラン、ジエトキシメチルビニルシラン、ジメトキシメチルビニルシラン、トリエトキシビニルシラン、ビニルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリス(2-メトキシエトキシ)シラン、3-(トリエトキシシリル)プロピルメタクリレート、3-(トリメトキシシリル)プロピルアクリレート、3-(トリメトキシシリル)プロピルメタクリレート、3-グリシジルオキシプロピル(ジメトキシ)メチルシラン、3-グリシジルオキシプロピル(ジエトキシ)メチルシラン、3-グリシジルオキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン又は2-(3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリメトキシシランが好ましい。
前記式[A3]中、D1、D2及びnは、前記に定義した通りである。なかでも、D1は水素原子又は炭素数1~3のアルキル基が好ましい。D2は重縮合の反応性の点から、炭素数1~3のアルキル基が好ましい。nは0~3の整数を示す。式[A3]のアルコキシシランの具体例は、国際公開公報WO2015/008846の24頁~25頁に記載される式[2c]のアルコキシシランの具体例が挙げられる。
前記式[A1]~[A3]のアルコキシシランは、各特性に応じて1種又は2種以上を使用できる。
ポリシロキサン系重合体を重縮合する方法は特に限定されない。具体的には、国際公開公報WO2015/008846の26頁~29頁に記載される方法が挙げられる。
本発明においては、前記方法で得られたポリシロキサン系重合体の溶液をそのまま特定重合体として用いてもよいし、必要に応じて、前記の方法で得られたポリシロキサン系重合体の溶液を濃縮したり、溶媒を加えて希釈したり、他の溶媒に置換して、特定重合体として用いてもよい。
更に、特定重合体にポリシロキサン系重合体とそれ以外の重合体を用いる場合、ポリシロキサン系重合体にそれ以外の重合体を混合する前に、ポリシロキサン系重合体の重縮合反応の際に発生するアルコールを常圧又は減圧で留去しておくことが好ましい。
特定側鎖構造を有する特定重合体としては、特に限定は無いが、アクリルポリマー、メタクリルポリマー、ノボラック樹脂、ポリヒドロキシスチレン、ポリイミド前駆体、ポリイミド、ポリアミド、ポリエステル、セルロース及びポリシロキサンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体であることが好ましい。なかでも、ポリイミド前駆体、ポリイミド又はポリシロキサンが好ましい。また、特定重合体には、これら重合体のなかの1種、あるいは2種以上を用いることができる。
液晶配向処理剤における全ての重合体成分は、すべてが特定重合体であってもよく、それ以外の重合体が混合されていてもよい。その際、それ以外の重合体の含有量は、特定重合体100質量部に対して、0.5~15質量部、好ましくは、1~10質量部である。それ以外の重合体としては、前記式[4-1a]又は式[4-2a]の特定側鎖構造を持たない前記の重合体が挙げられる。
液晶配向処理剤に用いる溶媒は、特定重合体を溶解させる溶媒であれば特に限定されない。なかでも、特定重合体がポリイミド前駆体、ポリイミド、ポリアミド又はポリエステルの場合、あるいは、アクリルポリマー、メタクリルポリマー、ノボラック樹脂、ポリヒドロキシスチレン、セルロース又はポリシロキサンの溶媒への溶解性が低い場合は、下記に示すような溶媒(溶媒A類ともいう。)を用いることが好ましい。
特定重合体が、アクリルポリマー、メタクリルポリマー、ノボラック樹脂、ポリヒドロキシスチレン、セルロース又はポリシロキサンである場合、更には、特定重合体がポリイミド前駆体、ポリイミド、ポリアミド又はポリエステルであり、これら特定重合体の溶媒への溶解性が高い場合は、下記に示すような溶媒(溶媒B類ともいう。)を用いることができる。
また、これら溶媒B類を用いる際、液晶配向処理剤の塗布性を改善する目的に、前記溶媒A類のN-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N-エチル-2-ピロリドン又はγ-ブチロラクトン、特にγ-ブチロラクトンを併用することが好ましい。
液晶配向処理剤には、素子の光学特性の点から、下記式[b-1]~式[b-11]からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を有する化合物(特定化合物(A)ともいう。)を導入することが好ましい。
なかでも、前記式[b-1a]、式[b-2a]、式[b-7a]、式[b-8a]、式[b-10a]、式[b-11a]、式[b-13a]、式[b-14a]、式[b-16a]又は式[b-17a]がより好ましい。
液晶配向処理剤には、液晶配向膜強度を高めるために、エポキシ基、イソシアネート基、オキセタン基、若しくはシクロカーボネート基を有する化合物、又は、ヒドロキシ基、ヒドロキシアルキル基及び低級アルコキシアルキル基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の基を有する化合物(総称して特定架橋性化合物ともいう。)を含有することが好ましい。これらの基は、化合物中に2個以上有する必要がある。
オキセタン基を有する架橋性化合物の具体例は、国際公開公報WO2011/132751の58頁~59頁に掲載される式[4a]~式[4k]の架橋性化合物が挙げられる。
シクロカーボネート基を有する架橋性化合物の具体例は、国際公開公報WO2012/014898の76頁~82頁に掲載される式[5-1]~式[5-42]の架橋性化合物が挙げられる。
ヒドロキシル基、ヒドロキシアルキル基及び低級アルコキシアルキル基を有する架橋性化合物の具体例は、国際公開公報2014/171493の65頁~66頁に記載されるメラミン誘導体又はベンゾグアナミン誘導体、及び国際公開公報WO2011/132751の62頁~66頁に掲載される、式[6-1]~式[6-48]の架橋性化合物が挙げられる。
液晶配向処理剤には、光ラジカル発生剤、光酸発生剤及び光塩基発生剤からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の発生剤(特定発生剤ともいう。)を含有せしめることが好ましい。
液晶配向処理剤には、液晶層と垂直液晶配向膜との密着性を高める目的で、下記式[e-1]~式[e-8]からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の構造を有する化合物(特定密着性化合物ともいう。)を含有せしめることが好ましい。
特定密着性化合物の具体例は、国際公開公報WO2015/012368の43頁~46頁に記載される式[6]の化合物が挙げられる。更に、国際公開公報WO2014/171493の61頁~63頁に記載のものを使用できる。
特定密着性化合物は、各特性に応じて1種又は2種以上を使用できる。
液晶配向処理剤には、液晶配向膜中の電荷移動を促進し、素子の電荷抜けを促進させるため、国際公開公報WO2011/132751の69頁~73頁に掲載される、式[M1]~式[M156]の窒素含有複素環アミン化合物を添加することもできる。このアミン化合物は、液晶配向処理剤に直接添加しても構わないが、適当な溶媒で濃度0.1~10質量%、好ましくは1~7質量%の溶液にしてから添加することが好ましい。この溶媒としては、特定重合体を溶解させる有機溶媒であれば特に限定されない。
液晶配向膜の膜厚の均一性や表面平滑性を向上させる化合物としては、フッ素系界面活性剤、シリコーン系界面活性剤、ノ二オン系界面活性剤などが挙げられる。具体的には、国際公開公報WO2014/171493の67頁に記載される界面活性剤が挙げられる。また、その使用割合は、液晶配向処理剤に含有される全重合体成分100質量部に対して、0.01~2質量部が好ましく、より好ましくは、0.01~1質量部である。
液晶配向処理剤には、前記以外の化合物の他に、液晶配向膜の誘電率や導電性などの電気特性を変化させる目的の誘電体や導電物質を添加してもよい。
液晶表示素子に用いる基板としては、透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されず、ガラス基板の他、アクリル基板、ポリカーボネート基板、PET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)基板などのプラスチック基板、更には、それらのフィルムを用いることができる。液晶表示素子をリバース型素子として、調光窓などに用いる場合には、プラスチック基板やフィルムであることが好ましい。また、プロセスの簡素化の観点からは、液晶駆動のためのITO(Indium Tin Oxide)電極、IZO(Indium Zinc Oxide)電極、IGZO(Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide)電極、有機導電膜などが形成された基板を用いることが好ましい。また、反射型のリバース型素子とする場合には、片側の基板のみにならば、シリコンウエハやアルミニウムなどの金属や誘電体多層膜が形成された基板を使用できる。
液晶配向処理剤の塗布方法は、特に限定されないが、工業的には、スクリーン印刷、オフセット印刷、フレキソ印刷、インクジェット法、ディップ法、ロールコータ法、スリットコータ法、スピンナー法、スプレー法などがあり、基板の種類や目的とする液晶配向膜の膜厚に応じて、適宜選択することができる。
焼成後の液晶配向膜の厚みは、厚すぎると素子の消費電力の面で不利となり、薄すぎると素子の信頼性が低下する場合があるので、好ましくは5~500nmである。より好ましくは10~300nmであり、特に好ましくは、10~250nmである。
液晶組成物の注入方法は、特に限定されないが、例えば、次の方法が挙げられる。即ち、基板にガラス基板を用いる場合、液晶配向膜が形成された一対の基板を用意し、片側の基板の4片を、一部分を除いてシール剤を塗布し、その後、液晶配向膜の面が内側になるようにして、もう片側の基板を貼り合わせた空セルを作製する。そして、シール剤が塗布されていない場所から、液晶組成物を減圧注入して、液晶組成物注入セルを得る方法が挙げられる。更に、基板にプラスチック基板やフィルムを用いる場合には、液晶配向膜が形成された一対の基板を用意し、片側の基板の上にODF(One Drop Filling)法やインクジェット法などで、液晶組成物を滴下し、その後、もう片側の基板を貼り合わせて、液晶組成物注入セルを得る方法が挙げられる。本発明の液晶表示素子では、液晶層と液晶配向膜との密着性が高いため、基板の4片にシール剤を塗布しなくてもよい。
液晶表示素子のギャップの大きさは、1~100μmが好ましく、より好ましくは1~50μmであり、特に好ましくは、2~30μmである。ギャップが小さすぎると、素子のコントラストが低下し、大きすぎると素子の駆動電圧が高くなる。
紫外線照射装置の光源としては、例えば、メタルハライドランプ、高圧水銀ランプ、紫外線発光ダイオードなどが挙げられる。なかでも、波長選択フィルターを用いなくても照射強度のロスが無く、特定の波長の紫外線を照射することができ、更には、光源から発生する熱源を抑制できることから、紫外線発光ダイオード(紫外線発光ダイオードを用いた装置を特定紫外線照射装置ともいう。)が好ましい。また、照射装置の光源は、より液晶組成物の硬化を促進できることから、装置の上下に配置されていることが好ましい。
上記のように、特定の液晶組成物及び特定の液晶配向膜を用いることで、良好な光学特性、即ち、電圧無印加時の透明性と電圧印加時の散乱特性が良好であり、更に液晶層と液晶配向膜との密着性が高く、長時間、高温高湿や光の照射に曝される環境においても、これら特性を維持できる液晶表示素子を得ることができる。
E1:下記式[E1]のアルコキシシランモノマー、E2:オクタデシルトリエトキシシラン、E3:3-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、E4:3-ウレイドプロピルトリエトキシシラン、E5:テトラエトキシシラン
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、γ-BL:γ-ブチロラクトン、BCS:エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、PB:プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、PGME:プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ECS:エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、EC:ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル
常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)装置(GPC-101、昭和電工社製)、カラム(KD-803,KD-805)(Shodex社製)を用いて、以下のようにして測定した。
カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:N,N’-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤:臭化リチウム-水和物(LiBr・H2O):30mmol/L(リットル)、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸):30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF):10ml/L)
流速:1.0ml/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量;約900,000、150,000、100,000及び30,000)(東ソー社製)及びポリエチレングリコール(分子量;約12,000、4,000及び1,000)(ポリマーラボラトリー社製)。
ポリイミド粉末20mgをNMR(核磁気共鳴)サンプル管(NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード,φ5(草野科学社製))に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6,0.05質量%TMS(テトラメチルシラン)混合品)(0.53ml)を添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。この溶液をNMR測定機(JNW-ECA500)(日本電子データム社製)にて500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、9.5ppm~10.0ppm付近に現れるアミド酸のNH基に由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い以下の式によって求めた。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
(xはアミド酸のNH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値、αはポリアミド酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるアミド酸のNH基プロトン1個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。)
<合成例1>
D2(3.83g,15.3mmol)、A1(5.90g,15.5mmol)及びC1(2.51g,23.2mmol)をNMP(33.5g)中で混合し、80℃で5時間反応させた後、D1(4.50g,22.9mmol)とNMP(16.7g)を加え、40℃で6時間反応させ、樹脂固形分濃度(以下、CRともいう。)が25質量%のポリアミド酸溶液(1)を得た。このポリアミド酸の数平均分子量(Mnともいう)は18,300、重量平均分子量(Mwともいう)は61,300であった。
合成例2で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(1)(30.0g)に、NMPを加え6質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(3.85g)及びピリジン(2.35g)を加え、60℃で2時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(450ml)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(2)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は55%であり、Mnは15,700、Mwは43,200であった。
D2(1.53g,6.12mmol)、A1(2.36g,6.20mmol)、B2(2.05g,7.76mmol)及びC1(0.17g,1.57mmol)をNMP(15.8g)中で混合し、80℃で5時間反応させた後、D1(1.80g,9.18mmol)とNMP(7.90g)を加え、40℃で6時間反応させ、CRが25質量5%のポリアミド酸溶液(3)を得た。このポリアミド酸のMnは16,100、Mwは57,300であった。
D4(1.01g,5.10mmol)、A2(2.04g,5.17mmol)、B1(0.20g,1.31mmol)及びB2(1.71g,6.47mmol)をγ-BL(17.2g)中で混合し、60℃で4時間反応させた後、D1(1.50g,7.65mmol)とγ-BL(8.60g)を加え、40℃で6時間反応させ、CRが20質量%のポリアミド酸溶液(4)を得た。このポリアミド酸のMnは13,100、Mwは44,500であった。
D4(0.51g,2.57mmol)、A3(1.68g,3.88mmol)、B1(0.79g,5.19mmol)及びB3(1.37g,3.87mmol)をγ-BL(16.9g)中で混合し、60℃で4時間反応させた後、D1(2.00g,10.2mmol)とγ-BL(8.45g)を加え、40℃で6時間反応させ、CRが20質量%のポリアミド酸溶液(5)を得た。このポリアミド酸のMnは11,600、Mwは39,800であった。
D3(3.50g,15.6mmol)、A2(2.50g,6.34mmol)、B1(0.96g,6.31mmol)及びB2(0.84g,3.18mmol)をNMP(23.4g)中で混合し、40℃で12時間反応させ、CRが25質量%のポリアミド酸溶液を得た。
得られたポリアミド酸溶液(30.0g)にNMPを加え、6質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(3.80g)及びピリジン(2.50g)を加え、60℃で2時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(450ml)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(6)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は58%であり、Mnは17,200、Mwは47,500であった。
D3(2.00g,8.92mmol)、A4(1.34g,2.72mmol)、B1(0.28g,1.84mmol)及びB2(1.19g,4.50mmol)をγ-BL(27.2g)中で混合し、40℃で12時間反応させ、CRが15質量%のポリアミド酸溶液(7)を得た。このポリアミド酸のMnは10,500、Mwは37,500であった。
D2(1.87g,7.47mmol)、A5(2.85g,7.57mmol)及びC1(1.23g,11.4mmol)をNMP(16.3g)中で混合し、80℃で5時間反応させた後、D1(2.20g,11.2mmol)とNMP(8.15g)を加え、40℃で6時間反応させ、CRが25質量%のポリアミド酸溶液(8)を得た。このポリアミド酸のMnは17,500、Mwは60,200であった。
D2(2.38g,9.51mmol)及びC1(2.61g,24.1mmol)をNMP(15.6g)中で混合し、40℃で2時間反応させた後、D1(2.80g,14.3mmol)とNMP(7.80g)を加え、25℃で6時間反応させ、CRが25質量%のポリアミド酸溶液(9)を得た。このポリアミド酸のMnは25,800、Mwは73,500であった。
上記各合成例で得られたポリイミド系重合体を表1に示す。なお、表中の*1は、ポリアミド酸を表す。
<合成例10>
温度計及び還流管を備え付けた200mlの四つ口反応フラスコ中で、ECS(28.3g)、E1(4.10g)、E3(7.45g)及びE5(32.5g)を混合して、アルコキシシランモノマーの溶液を調製した。この溶液に、予めECS(14.2g)、水(10.8g)、及び触媒として蓚酸(0.70g)を混合して調製しておいた溶液を、25℃にて30分かけて滴下し、更に25℃にて30分間撹拌した。その後、オイルバスを用いて加熱して30分間還流させた後、予め調製しておいたE4の含有量が92質量%のメタノール溶液(1.20g)とECS(0.90g)の混合溶液を加えた。更に30分間還流させた後、放冷してSiO2換算濃度が12質量%のポリシロキサン溶液(1)を得た。
温度計及び還流管を備え付けた200mlの四つ口反応フラスコ中で、EC(29.2g)、E1(4.10g)及びE5(38.8g)を混合して、アルコキシシランモノマーの溶液を調製した。この溶液に、予めEC(14.6g)、水(10.8g)、及び触媒として蓚酸(0.50g)を混合して調製しておいた溶液を、25℃にて30分かけて滴下し、更に25℃にて30分間撹拌した。その後、オイルバスを用いて加熱して30分間還流させた後、予め調製しておいたE4の含有量92質量%のメタノール溶液(1.20g)とEC(0.90g)の混合溶液を加えた。更に30分間還流させた後、放冷してSiO2換算濃度が12質量%のポリシロキサン溶液(2)を得た。
温度計及び還流管を備え付けた200mlの四つ口反応フラスコ中で、ECS(28.3g)、E2(4.07g)、E3(7.45g)及びE5(32.5g)を混合して、アルコキシシランモノマーの溶液を調製した。この溶液に、予めECS(14.2g)、水(10.8g)、及び触媒として蓚酸(0.70g)を混合して調製しておいた溶液を、25℃にて30分かけて滴下し、更に25℃にて30分間撹拌した。その後、オイルバスを用いて加熱して30分間還流させた後、予め調製しておいたE4の含有量が92質量%のメタノール溶液(1.20g)とECS(0.90g)の混合溶液を加えた。更に30分間還流させた後、放冷してSiO2換算濃度が12質量%のポリシロキサン溶液(3)を得た。
合成例で得られたポリシロキサン系重合体を表2に示す。
<合成例13>
合成例1で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(1)(10.0g)に、NMP(25.5g)を加え、25℃で1時間撹拌した。その後、BCS(27.0g)を加え、25℃で4時間撹拌して、液晶配向処理剤(1)を得た。
<合成例14>
合成例2で得られたポリイミド粉末(2)(2.55g)に、NMP(36.7g)を加え、70℃で24時間撹拌して溶解させた。その後、PB(24.5g)を加え、25℃で4時間撹拌して、液晶配向処理剤(2)を得た。
合成例3で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(3)(10.5g)に、NMP(26.8g)を加え、25℃で1時間撹拌した。その後、BCS(28.4g)を加え、25℃で4時間撹拌して、液晶配向処理剤(3)を得た。
<合成例16>
合成例4で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(4)(10.0g)に、γ-BL(1.70g)及びPGME(55.0g)を加え、25℃で6時間撹拌して、液晶配向処理剤(4)を得た。
<合成例17>
合成例4で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(4)(10.0g)に、γ-BL(1.70g)及びPGME(55.0g)を加え、25℃で2時間撹拌した。その後、Q1(0.14g)を加え25℃で4時間撹拌して液晶配向処理剤(5)を得た。
合成例4で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(4)(10.0g)に、γ-BL(1.70g)及びPGME(55.0g)を加え、25℃で2時間撹拌した。その後、K1(0.14g)を加え、25℃で4時間撹拌して、液晶配向処理剤(6)を得た。
<合成例19>
合成例4で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(4)(10.0g)に、γ-BL(1.70g)及びPGME(55.0g)を加え、25℃で2時間撹拌した。その後、Q1(0.14g)及びK1(0.14g)を加え、25℃で4時間撹拌して、液晶配向処理剤(7)を得た。
合成例5で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(5)(10.0g)に、γ-BL(4.93g)、PB(6.47g)及びPGME(45.3g)を加え、25℃で2時間撹拌した。その後、Q1(0.14g)、K2(0.06g)及びN1(0.04g)を加え、25℃で4時間撹拌して、液晶配向処理剤(8)を得た。
<合成例21>
合成例6で得られたポリイミド粉末(6)(2.50g)に、NMP(33.0g)を加え、70℃で24時間撹拌して溶解させた。その後、Q1(0.25g)、K1(0.125g)、M1(0.075g)及びPB(27.0g)を加え、25℃で4時間撹拌して、液晶配向処理剤(9)を得た
合成例7で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(7)(15.0g)に、γ-BL(9.08g)及びPGME(50.9g)を加え、25℃で2時間撹拌した。その後、Q1(0.113g)、K2(0.158g)、N1(0.045g)及びM2(0.113g)を加え、25℃で4時間撹拌して液晶配向処理剤(10)を得た。
<合成例23>
合成例8で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(8)(10.0g)に、NMP(25.5g)を加え、25℃で1時間撹拌した。その後、BCS(27.0g)を加え、25℃で4時間撹拌して、液晶配向処理剤(11)を得た。
合成例9で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(9)(10.0g)に、NMP(25.5g)を加え、25℃で1時間撹拌した。その後、BCS(27.0g)を加え、25℃で4時間撹拌して、液晶配向処理剤(12)を得た。
<合成例25>
合成例10で得られたポリシロキサン溶液(1)(10.0g)に、ECS(17.7g)及びPGME(6.62g)を加え、25℃で6時間撹拌して、液晶配向処理剤(13)を得た。
合成例11で得られたポリシロキサン溶液(2)(10.0g)に、EC(1.13g)、PB(13.2g)及びPGME(9.93g)を加え、25℃で2時間撹拌した。その後、Q1(0.06g)を加え、25℃で4時間撹拌して、液晶配向処理剤(14)を得た。
<合成例27>
合成例12で得られたポリシロキサン溶液(3)(10.0g)に、ECS(17.7g)及びPGME(6.62g)を加え、25℃で6時間撹拌して、液晶配向処理剤(15)を得た。
なお、表3及び表4中、液晶配向処理剤に添加される、特定化合物(A)、特定架橋性化合物、特定発生剤、及び特定密着性化合物についての括弧内の数値は、それぞれの特定重合体100質量部に対する含有量(質量部)を示す。
<液晶組成物(1)>
ロックタイト3736(ヘンケル社製)(本発明における硬化性樹脂、及びヒドロキシ基及びリン酸基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の極性基を有するモノマー、液体全量基準で、脂肪族ウレタンアクリレート:38質量%、イソボルニルアクリレート:36質量%、アクリレートエステル:9質量%、ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート:9質量%、重合開始剤:5質量%、及び有機リン酸化合物:3質量%からなる液体)(1.20g)、1,9-ノナンジオールジメタクリレート(本発明における二官能モノマー、1.10g)及び1,4-ビス(3-メルカプトブチリルオキシ)ブタン(0.15g)を混合した。その後、液晶(MLC-6608)(メルク社製)(2.75g)、T1(0.187g)及びS1(0.187g)を混合し、液晶組成物(1)を得た。
前記ロックタイト3736(1.20g)、1,9-ノナンジオールジメタクリレート(1.10g)及び1,4-ビス(3-メルカプトブチリルオキシ)ブタン(0.15g)を混合した。その後、前記液晶(MLC-6608)(2.94g)、T2(0.187g)及びS1(0.374g)を混合し、液晶組成物(2)を得た。
<液晶組成物(3)>
前記ロックタイト3736(1.20g)、1,9-ノナンジオールジメタクリレート(1.10g)及び1,4-ビス(3-メルカプトブチリルオキシ)ブタン(0.15g)を混合した。その後、前記液晶(MLC-6608)(2.94g)、T1(0.187g)、S1(0.187g)及びW1(0.187g)を混合し、液晶組成物(3)を得た。
前記ロックタイト3736(1.20g)、1,9-ノナンジオールジメタクリレート(1.10g)及び1,4-ビス(3-メルカプトブチリルオキシ)ブタン(0.15g)を混合した。その後、前記液晶(MLC-6608)(3.12g)、T1(0.187g)、S1(0.374g)及びW1(0.187g)を混合し、液晶組成物(4)を得た。
<液晶組成物(5)>
前記ロックタイト3736(1.20g)、1,9-ノナンジオールジメタクリレート(1.10g)及び1,4-ビス(3-メルカプトブチリルオキシ)ブタン(0.15g)を混合した。その後、前記液晶(MLC-6608)(2.38g)を混合し液晶組成物(5)を得た。
前記ロックタイト3736(1.20g)、1,9-ノナンジオールジメタクリレート(1.10g)及び1,4-ビス(3-メルカプトブチリルオキシ)ブタン(0.15g)を混合した。その後、液晶(MLC-6608)(2.56g)及びT1(0.187g)を混合し、液晶組成物(6)を得た。
<液晶組成物(7)の作製>
前記ロックタイト3736(1.20g)、1,9-ノナンジオールジメタクリレート(1.10g)及び1,4-ビス(3-メルカプトブチリルオキシ)ブタン(0.15g)を混合した。その後、液晶(MLC-6608)(2.56g)及びS1(0.187g)を混合し、液晶組成物(7)を得た。
前記合成例で得られた液晶配向処理剤を、細孔径1μmのメンブランフィルタで加圧濾過した。得られた溶液を純水及びIPA(イソプロピルアルコール)で洗浄したITO電極付きガラス基板(縦:100mm、横:100mm、厚さ:0.7mm)のITO面上にスピンコートし、ホットプレート上にて100℃で5分間、熱循環型クリーンオーブンにて210℃で30分間加熱処理をして、膜厚が100nmの液晶配向膜付きのITO基板を得た。得られた液晶配向膜付きのITO基板を2枚用意し、その一方の基板の液晶配向膜面に、粒径が6μmのスペーサーを塗布した。その後、その基板のスペーサーを塗布した液晶配向膜面に、ODF(One Drop Filling)法にて前記の液晶組成物を滴下し、次いで、他方の基板の液晶配向膜界面が向き合うように貼り合わせを行い、処理前の液晶表示素子を得た。
この液晶表示素子を用いて、液晶配向性の評価を行った。液晶配向性は、素子を偏光顕微鏡(ECLIPSE E600WPOL)(ニコン社製)で観察し、液晶が垂直に配向しているかどうかを確認した。その結果、実施例及び比較例2~4の液晶表示素子では、液晶は垂直に配向していた。対して、比較例1の液晶表示素子では、液晶が垂直に配向していなかった。
前記合成例で得られた液晶配向処理剤を、細孔径1μmのメンブランフィルタで加圧濾過した。得られた溶液を純水で洗浄したITO電極付きPET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)基板(縦:150mm、横:150mm、厚さ:0.2mm)のITO面上にバーコーターにて塗布をし、熱循環型クリーンオーブンにて120℃で2分間加熱処理をして、膜厚が100nmの液晶配向膜付きのITO基板を得た。得られた液晶配向膜付きのITO基板を2枚用意し、その一方の基板の液晶配向膜面に、6μmのスペーサーを塗布した。その後、その基板のスペーサーを塗布した液晶配向膜面に、ODF法にて前記の液晶組成物を滴下し、次いで、他方の基板の液晶配向膜界面が向き合うように貼り合わせを行い、処理前の液晶表示素子を得た。
この液晶表示素子を用いて、液晶配向性の評価を行った。液晶配向性は、素子を偏光顕微鏡(ECLIPSE E600WPOL)(ニコン社製)で観察し、液晶が垂直に配向しているかどうかを確認した。その結果、実施例の液晶表示素子では、液晶は垂直に配向していた。
電圧無印加時の透明性の評価は、電圧無印加状態での液晶表示素子(ガラス基板及びプラスチック基板)のヘーズ(HAZE(%))を測定することで行った。具体的には、測定装置に分光式ヘーズメータ(TC-1800H、東京電色社製)を用いて、HAZE(%)の測定を行った。評価は、HAZE(%)が低いものほど、透明性に優れるとした。
電圧印加時の散乱特性の評価は、液晶表示素子(ガラス基板及びプラスチック基板)に、交流駆動で45Vを印加し、上記と同様の条件で、HAZE(%)を測定することで行った。評価は、HAZE(%)が高いものほど、散乱特性に優れるとした。
液晶表示素子作製直後(初期)、恒温恒湿槽保管後(恒温恒湿)及び紫外線照射後(紫外線)の電圧無印加時及び電圧印加時のHAZE(%)の評価結果を、表5~7にまとめて示す。
この評価は、液晶表示素子(ガラス基板及びプラスチック基板)を、温度80℃、湿度90%RHの恒温恒湿槽内に36時間保管し、液晶表示素子内の気泡の有無及び素子の剥離を確認することで行った(液晶表示素子の高温高湿環境下の安定性試験として)。具体的には、素子内に気泡が見られずに素子の剥離(液晶層と液晶配向膜とが剥がれている状態)が起こっていないものを、本評価に優れるとした(表中の良好表示)。その際、実施例1、4、5、7~10、12、16、17及び20においては、前記の標準試験に加え、強調試験として、温度80℃、湿度90%RHの恒温恒湿槽内に72時間保管した後の密着性の評価も行った。なお、評価方法は、前記と同様の条件である。
恒温恒湿槽保管後(恒温恒湿)及び紫外線照射後(紫外線)の液晶層と液晶配向膜との密着性の結果(密着性)を、表8~10にまとめて示す。
下記の表5~10に示されるように、前記合成例でそれぞれ得られた液晶配向処理剤(1)~(15)のいずれかと、前記液晶組成物(1)~(7)のいずれかを用いて、前記の光学特性(透明性と散乱特性)の評価、及び液晶層と液晶配向膜との密着性の評価を行った。
なお、実施例1~4、14、16、19、及び比較例1~4は、ガラス基板で液晶表示素子を作製して各評価を行い、一方、実施例5~13、15、17、18、20、及び比較例5~7では、プラスチック基板で液晶表示素子を作製して各評価を行った。また、実施例1、3~5、7~10、12、14、16、17、19、20、及び比較例1~7は、紫外線照射装置の光源に、メタルハライドランプを用いて液晶表示素子を作製して各評価を行い、実施例2、6、11、13、15、及び18では、光源に、紫外線発光ダイオードを用いて液晶表示素子を作製して各評価を行った。これらの結果は、表5~10にまとめて示した。
特に、液晶組成物中に、特定化合物(1)及び特定化合物(2)を導入した実施例は、それらを導入していない比較例又はどちらか一方のみを導入した比較例に比べて、初期及び前記過酷条件における光学特性及び液晶と液晶配向膜の密着性が高くなった。具体的には、同一の条件での比較において、実施例1と比較例2、比較例3又は比較例4との比較、及び実施例5と比較例5、比較例6又は7との比較である。
液晶組成物中に、特定化合物(1)及び(2)とともに、特定化合物(3)を導入した場合、光学特性、特に透明性が高くなった。具体的には、同一の条件での比較において、実施例9と10との比較である。
液晶配向処理剤の特定重合体における特定側鎖構造のなかで、前記式[4-1a]の特定側鎖構造を有するジアミンを用いた場合は、式[4-2a]を有するジアミンを用いた場合に比べて、光学特性、特に透明性が高くなった。更に、強調試験で行った長時間、恒温恒湿槽に保管した後においても、透明性が高い結果となった。また、液晶層と液晶配向膜との密着性の評価においても、式[4-1a]のジアミンを用いた場合は、強調試験で行った長時間、恒温恒湿槽に保管した後においても、密着性が高い結果となった。具体的には、同一の条件での比較において、実施例1と16との比較、及び実施例17と20との比較である。
液晶配向剤に特定化合物(A)を導入した場合、光学特性、特に透明性が高くなった。具体的には、同一の条件での比較において、実施例5と7との比較である。
液晶配向剤に、特定架橋性化合物を導入した場合、特に前記過酷条件下における液晶層と液晶配向膜との密着性が高くなった。具体的には、同一の条件での比較において、実施例5と8との比較である。
紫外線照射装置の光源に、紫外線発光ダイオードを用いた場合、その光源に、メタルハライドランプを用いた場合に比べて、光学特性、特に透明性が高くなった。具体的には、同一の条件での比較において、実施例1と2との比較、実施例5と6との比較、及び実施例10と11との比較である。
Claims (23)
- 電極を備えた一対の基板の間に配置した液晶組成物に対し紫外線照射装置からの紫外線の照射による硬化物からなる液晶層を有し、かつ基板の少なくとも一方が液晶を垂直に配向させる液晶配向膜を備える液晶表示素子であって、
前記液晶組成物が、硬化性樹脂、二官能モノマー、下記式[1-1a]の化合物、下記式[2-1a]の化合物、並びに、ヒドロキシ基、カルボキシ基及びリン酸基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の極性基を有するモノマーを含み、
前記液晶配向膜が、下記式[4-1a]又は式[4-2a]の側鎖構造を有する重合体を含む液晶配向処理剤から得られる液晶配向膜であることを特徴とする液晶表示素子。
(T1は下記式[1-a]~式[1-e]から選ばれる構造を示す。T2は単結合又は炭素数1~24のアルキレン基を示し、前記アルキレン基の任意の-CH2-は、-O-、-CO-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONH-、-NHCO-、-NH-、-CON(CH3)-、-S-又は-SO2-で置換されていてもよい。T3はベンゼン環、シクロヘキサン環又は複素環を有する環状基、又はステロイド骨格を有する炭素数17~51の2価の有機基を示し、前記環状基上の任意の水素原子は、炭素数1~3のアルキル基、炭素数1~3のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~3のフッ素含有アルキル基、炭素数1~3のフッ素含有アルコキシ基又はフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい。T4は単結合、-O-、-OCH2-、-CH2O-、-COO-又は-OCO-を示す。T5はベンゼン環、シクロヘキサン環又は複素環を有する環状基を示し、これらの環状基上の任意の水素原子が、炭素数1~3のアルキル基、炭素数1~3のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~3のフッ素含有アルキル基、炭素数1~3のフッ素含有アルコキシ基又はフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい。T6は炭素数1~18のアルキル基、炭素数2~18のアルケニル基、炭素数1~18のフッ素含有アルキル基、炭素数1~18のアルコキシ基又は炭素数1~18のフッ素含有アルコキシ基を示す。nTは0~4の整数を示す。)
(TAは炭素数1~5のアルキル基を示す。)
(S1は下記式[2-a]~式[2-e]からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を示す。S2は炭素数2~18の直鎖状又は分岐状のアルキレン基を示し、S1と-N=C=Oと隣り合わない前記アルキレン基の任意の-CH2-は、-O-、-CO-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONH-、-NHCO-又は-NH-で置換されていてもよい。nSは1~4の整数を示す。)
(SA及びScは単結合、-O-、-CH2O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONH-、-NHCO-又は-NH-示す。SBは水素原子又はベンゼン環を示す。)
(X1及びX3はそれぞれ、単結合、-(CH2)a-(aは1~15の整数である)、-O-、-CH2O-、-COO-又は-OCO-を示す。X2は単結合又は-(CH2)b-(bは1~15の整数である)を示す。X4はベンゼン環、シクロヘキサン環又は複素環を有する環状基、又はステロイド骨格を有する炭素数17~51の2価の有機基を示し、前記環状基上の任意の水素原子は、炭素数1~3のアルキル基、炭素数1~3のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~3のフッ素含有アルキル基、炭素数1~3のフッ素含有アルコキシ基又はフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい。X5はベンゼン環、シクロヘキサン環又は複素環を有する環状基を示し、これらの環状基上の任意の水素原子は、炭素数1~3のアルキル基、炭素数1~3のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~3のフッ素含有アルキル基、炭素数1~3のフッ素含有アルコキシ基又はフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい。X6は炭素数1~18のアルキル基、炭素数2~18のアルケニル基、炭素数1~18のフッ素含有アルキル基、炭素数1~18のアルコキシ基又は炭素数1~18のフッ素含有アルコキシ基を示す。nは0~4の整数を示す。)
(X7は単結合、-O-、-CH2O-、-CONH-、-NHCO-、-CON(CH3)-、-N(CH3)CO-、-COO-又は-OCO-を示す。X8は炭素数8~18のアルキル基又は炭素数6~18のフッ素含有アルキル基を示す。) - 前記液晶が、相転移温度が40~120℃であり、屈折率異方性(Δn)が0.15~0.35であり、かつ、誘電率異方性(Δε)が-1~-10である請求項1に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 前記硬化性樹脂が、脂肪族ウレタンアクリレート、イソボルニルアクリレート、アクリレートエステル、ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート及び重合開始剤を有する請求項1又は2に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 前記液晶組成物が、下記式[3-1a]の化合物を含む請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の液晶表示素子。
(W1は下記式[3-a]~式[3-e]から選ばれる構造を示す。W2は単結合又は炭素数1~24のアルキレン基を示し、前記アルキレン基の任意の-CH2-は、-O-、-CO-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONH-、-NHCO-、-NH-、-CON(CH3)-、-S-又は-SO2-で置換されていてもよい。W3はベンゼン環、シクロヘキサン環又は複素環を有する環状基、又はステロイド骨格を有する炭素数17~51の2価の有機基を示し、前記環状基上の任意の水素原子は、炭素数1~3のアルキル基、炭素数1~3のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~3のフッ素含有アルキル基、炭素数1~3のフッ素含有アルコキシ基又はフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい。W4は単結合、-CH2-、-O-、-OCH2-、-CH2O-、-COO-又は-OCO-を示す。W5はベンゼン環、シクロヘキサン環又は複素環を有する環状基を示し、これらの環状基上の任意の水素原子が、炭素数1~3のアルキル基、炭素数1~3のアルコキシル基、炭素数1~3のフッ素含有アルキル基、炭素数1~3のフッ素含有アルコキシル基又はフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい。W6は炭素数1~18のアルキル基、炭素数2~18のアルケニル基、炭素数1~18のフッ素含有アルキル基、炭素数1~18のアルコキシ基又は炭素数1~18のフッ素含有アルコキシ基を示す。nWは0~4の整数を示す。)
(WA及びWcは単結合、-O-、-CH2O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONH-、-NHCO-又は-NH-を示す。WBは水素原子又はベンゼン環を示す。) - 前記ヒドロキシ基、カルボキシ基及びリン酸基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の極性基を有するモノマーが、有機リン酸化合物である請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 前記液晶組成物が、多官能チオール化合物又はそれらのオリゴマーを含有する請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 前記液晶配向処理剤が、アクリルポリマー、メタクリルポリマー、ノボラック樹脂、ポリヒドロキシスチレン、ポリイミド前駆体、ポリイミド、ポリアミド、ポリエステル、セルロース及びポリシロキサンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体を含む請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 前記液晶配向処理剤が、前記式[4-1a]又は式[4-2a]の側鎖構造を有するジアミンを含有するジアミン成分と、テトラカルボン酸成分との反応で得られるポリイミド前駆体又は該ポリイミド前駆体をイミド化したポリイミドを含む請求項9に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 前記液晶配向処理剤が、下記式[A1]のアルコキシシランを重縮合させて得られるポリシロキサン、又は、該式[A1]のアルコキシシランと、下記式[A2]若しくは式[A3]のアルコキシシランとを重縮合させて得られるポリシロキサンを含む請求項9に記載の液晶表示素子。
(A1は前記式[4-1a]又は式[4-2a]を示す。A2は水素原子又は炭素数1~5のアルキル基を示す。A3は炭素数1~5のアルキル基を示す。mは1又は2の整数を示す。nは0~2の整数を示す。pは0~3の整数を示す。ただし、m+n+pは4である。)
(B1はビニル基、エポキシ基、アミノ基、メルカプト基、イソシアネート基、メタクリル基、アクリル基、ウレイド基及びシンナモイル基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を有する炭素数2~12の有機基を示す。B2は水素原子又は炭素数1~5のアルキル基を示す。B3は炭素数1~5のアルキル基を示す。mは1又は2の整数を示す。nは0~2の整数を示す。pは0~3の整数を示す。ただし、m+n+pは4である。)
(D1は水素原子又は炭素数1~5のアルキル基を示す。D2は炭素数1~5のアルキル基を示す。nは0~3の整数を示す。) - 前記液晶配向処理剤が、エポキシ基、イソシアネート基、オキセタン基、シクロカーボネート基、ヒドロキシル基、ヒドロキシアルキル基及び低級アルコキシアルキル基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種を有する化合物を含有する請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 前記液晶配向処理剤が、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N-エチル-2-ピロリドン及びγ-ブチロラクトンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 前記紫外線照射装置が、照射する紫外線の強度、波長及び前記一対の基板の表面温度を制御することができる請求項1~17のいずれか一項に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 前記紫外線照射装置が、紫外線発光ダイオードを光源とする請求項18に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 前記紫外線照射装置が、複数個の紫外線発光ダイオードが発光部に備えられ、前記発光部が、ワーキングスペース内の任意の位置へ移動可能なように構成されるとともに、照射光の指向角度を自在に変更できるように構成され、前記紫外線発光ダイオードから照射される紫外線の強度、処理対象物の表面における明るさ及び処理対象物の表面温度を測定するセンサーが、前記発光部の近傍に配置され、このセンサーの計測値から、処理対象物に対する紫外線の照射強度、明るさ及び温度を一定の範囲内とするために必要な紫外線発光ダイオードの出力条件が算出され、電力供給部へ出力されるように構成されている請求項19に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 前記紫外線照射装置が、多数の紫外線発光ダイオードが平面方向へ整列配置されてなる発光部を一つ又は複数有し、処理対象物に対して、面露光を行うことができるように構成され、照射される紫外線の強度、処理対象物の表面における明るさ及び処理対象物の表面温度を測定するセンサーが、前記発光部の近傍に配置され、このセンサーの計測値から、処理対象物に対する紫外線の照射強度、明るさ及び温度を一定の範囲内とするための出力条件が算出され、電力供給部へ出力されるように構成されている請求項19に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 前記紫外線照射装置が、前記発光部に配置されている全ての紫外線発光ダイオードの出力を、それぞれ個別に調整できるように構成され、かつ、前記センサーが全ての紫外線発光ダイオードに個別に対応するように構成され、全ての紫外線発光ダイオードの紫外線強度、明るさ及び温度を、それぞれ個別に制御できるように構成されている請求項20又は21に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 前記基板が、プラスチック基板である請求項1~22のいずれか一項に記載の液晶表示素子。
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| WO2019171776A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-07 | 2019-09-12 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶素子 |
| WO2023175978A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-18 | 2023-09-21 | 九州ナノテック光学株式会社 | 液晶組成物及び液晶素子 |
| JP7494837B2 (ja) | 2019-03-08 | 2024-06-04 | 日産化学株式会社 | 樹脂組成物、樹脂膜及び液晶表示素子 |
| US12072582B2 (en) | 2021-04-22 | 2024-08-27 | Toppan Inc. | Transparent substrate for liquid crystal device, and light control sheet |
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| JP6447757B1 (ja) * | 2018-01-12 | 2019-01-09 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 調光シート、および、調光装置 |
| KR102500809B1 (ko) * | 2018-11-09 | 2023-02-17 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 고분자 분산형 액정 디스플레이 |
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| JP7494837B2 (ja) | 2019-03-08 | 2024-06-04 | 日産化学株式会社 | 樹脂組成物、樹脂膜及び液晶表示素子 |
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| EP3422092B1 (en) | 2020-10-14 |
| ES2831103T3 (es) | 2021-06-07 |
| JPWO2017146217A1 (ja) | 2018-10-11 |
| KR102820833B1 (ko) | 2025-06-13 |
| EP3422092A1 (en) | 2019-01-02 |
| JP6409149B2 (ja) | 2018-10-17 |
| TW201741737A (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
| US10824000B2 (en) | 2020-11-03 |
| KR20180115704A (ko) | 2018-10-23 |
| US20190049797A1 (en) | 2019-02-14 |
| EP3422092A4 (en) | 2019-08-14 |
| CN108700767A (zh) | 2018-10-23 |
| TWI747882B (zh) | 2021-12-01 |
| CN108700767B (zh) | 2019-05-31 |
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