WO2017046851A1 - タービン動翼の製造方法 - Google Patents
タービン動翼の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017046851A1 WO2017046851A1 PCT/JP2015/076024 JP2015076024W WO2017046851A1 WO 2017046851 A1 WO2017046851 A1 WO 2017046851A1 JP 2015076024 W JP2015076024 W JP 2015076024W WO 2017046851 A1 WO2017046851 A1 WO 2017046851A1
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- phase
- rotor blade
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- turbine rotor
- members
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/12—Forming profiles on internal or external surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/04—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass turbine or like blades from several pieces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
- F01D25/12—Cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/147—Construction, i.e. structural features, e.g. of weight-saving hollow blades
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
- B23K2103/26—Alloys of Nickel and Cobalt and Chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/10—Manufacture by removing material
- F05D2230/12—Manufacture by removing material by spark erosion methods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/10—Manufacture by removing material
- F05D2230/14—Micromachining
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
- F05D2230/23—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together
- F05D2230/232—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together by welding
- F05D2230/239—Inertia or friction welding
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
- F05D2230/25—Manufacture essentially without removing material by forging
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/40—Heat treatment
- F05D2230/41—Hardening; Annealing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/20—Rotors
- F05D2240/24—Rotors for turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/20—Rotors
- F05D2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
- F05D2240/307—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor related to the tip of a rotor blade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
- F05D2300/17—Alloys
- F05D2300/176—Heat-stable alloys
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
- F05D2300/607—Monocrystallinity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/70—Treatment or modification of materials
- F05D2300/701—Heat treatment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a turbine rotor blade.
- the moving blade which is one of the components of the gas turbine
- it is possible to increase the efficiency by increasing the ring area such as increasing the blade length.
- the conventional Ni-based precision cast blades have insufficient tensile strength, particularly at the roots of the latter rotor blades.
- a high-strength Ni-based forging material having a creep endurance temperature equivalent to that of a Ni-based precision cast material and a tensile strength of 1.5 times or more has been developed, and is being put into practical use for aircraft in Europe.
- the high-strength Ni-based forging material has been limited to the manufacture of small products because of its high-temperature strength and low workability, but the workability has been dramatically improved by using the technique of Patent Document 1 below. As a result, it is possible to apply a high-strength Ni-based forged alloy gas turbine rotor blade, and an increase in blade length is expected.
- Improvement of combustion temperature is effective for higher efficiency.
- the service temperature of the rotor blades also increases, so it is necessary to provide a cooling function.
- a cooling method is adopted in which a hollow structure is formed inside the blade and a cooling medium is passed to cool the blade from the inside.
- a serpentine cooling channel having a bend of 180 degrees is adopted, a rib structure is added, or the like.
- a complicated cooling flow path is formed by casting in a state where a core having a cooling flow path is installed inside the mold and removing the core after solidification.
- Patent Document 1 improves workability of high-strength Ni-based forged alloys in which 36-60% by volume of the ⁇ 'phase, which is a precipitation strengthening phase, is precipitated by increasing the proportion of inconsistent ⁇ ' phases that do not contribute to strengthening during processing. I am letting.
- Patent Document 2 in mass%, C: 0.001 to 0.05%, Al: 1.0 to 4.0%, Ti: 4.5 to 7.0%, Cr: 12 to 18%, Co : 14-27%, Mo: 1.5-4.5%, W: 0.5-2.5%, B: 0.001-0.05%, Zr: 0.001-0.1%,
- the remaining portion includes a step of preparing a hot work material having a composition comprising Ni and impurities, a step of heating the hot work material in a temperature range of 1130 to 1200 ° C.
- the hot-worked material heated in the process is cooled to the hot-working temperature or lower at a cooling rate of 0.03 ° C./second or less, and the hot-worked material is hot-worked after the cooling step.
- the manufacturing method of the Ni-base superalloy containing a process is disclosed. According to this method, it is said that hot workability can be improved.
- Patent Document 1 describes a turbine rotor blade as an example, but does not provide a specific method for manufacturing a rotor blade.
- Patent Document 2 relates to a method for improving the workability of a high-strength Ni-based forged alloy, and is specially noted for producing a billet by improving hot forgeability in an alloy having a limited composition. However, as in Patent Document 1, it does not provide a method for manufacturing a turbine rotor blade.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a turbine blade having excellent workability and a high degree of freedom in designing a cooling structure in a method for manufacturing a turbine blade using a Ni-based forged alloy.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a turbine rotor blade using a Ni-based forged alloy, a softening step for increasing a ⁇ ′ phase that is inconsistent with the ⁇ -phase of the parent phase of the Ni-based forged alloy, and A first processing step of forming at least two members constituting the rotor blade using the Ni-based forged alloy after the softening step, and a second processing step of forming a cooling structure component on each of the members, And a third processing step for joining the members.
- a method for manufacturing a turbine rotor blade is provided.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating S21 to S23 of FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing one step of a method for manufacturing a turbine rotor blade according to the present invention.
- the inventors diligently studied a method for manufacturing a turbine rotor blade (hereinafter also referred to as “Ni-based forged blade”) that can achieve the above-described object.
- Ni-based forged blade a turbine rotor blade
- a complicated cooling structure can be formed inside the blade according to the following manufacturing process. That is, after increasing the amount of the ⁇ ′ phase 5 that is inconsistent with the ⁇ phase 4 to improve the workability of the Ni-based forged material, at least two members constituting the turbine rotor blade (member 1 in FIG. 1). And 2).
- each member is joined.
- a Ni-based forged alloy having a high high-temperature strength containing a ⁇ ′ phase of 10 mol% or more and 40 mol% or less does not cause work cracks.
- a complicated cooling structure can be formed inside the forged blade. The present invention is based on this finding.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a method for manufacturing a turbine rotor blade according to the present invention.
- the softening step (S1) for softening the Ni-based forged material (Ni-based forged alloy), which is the material, and the material after softening (softened material) are used.
- moving blade and “Ni-based forged blade”.
- Ni-based forged blade a turbine rotor blade
- S23 a third processing step
- S1, S21, S22 and S23 are essential.
- a solution treatment / aging treatment step (S3) for increasing the strength of the softened rotor blade may be provided after S23.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the temperature profile and material structure in S1.
- S1 has a hot forging process and a cooling process.
- the hot forging process will be described.
- hot forging is performed at a temperature equal to or lower than the temperature at which the ⁇ ′ phase disappears (solid solution temperature Ts of the ⁇ ′ phase) of the Ni-based forged material and the recrystallization of the ⁇ phase proceeds rapidly.
- a ⁇ ′ phase inconsistent with the ⁇ phase is precipitated on the grain boundary of the ⁇ phase.
- “on the grain boundary of the ⁇ phase” means “a boundary between adjacent ⁇ crystal grains”.
- the hot forging temperature which is the main strengthening mechanism of the Ni-based alloy, is contributed by the ⁇ / ⁇ ′ phase matching interface, and the strengthening ability is lost by making the ⁇ / ⁇ ′ phase interface inconsistent.
- hot forging is performed at a temperature not higher than the solid solution temperature of the ⁇ ′ phase and not less than a temperature at which recrystallization of the ⁇ phase proceeds rapidly in order to precipitate the inconsistent ⁇ ′ phase.
- the solid solution temperature of the ⁇ ′ phase of the material used in the present invention is most preferably 1050 ° C. or higher.
- the effect of the present invention can be obtained even when the solid solution temperature of the ⁇ ′ phase is 1000 to 1050 ° C., but the inconsistent ⁇ ′ phase hardly precipitates at 1000 ° C. or lower, and the inconsistent ⁇ ′ phase precipitates at 950 ° C. or lower. Therefore, the effect of the present invention cannot be obtained. Furthermore, when the solid solution temperature of the ⁇ ′ phase approaches the melting point of the Ni-based alloy material, cracking occurs during processing due to partial melting or the like, so the solid solution temperature of the ⁇ ′ phase is preferably less than 1250 ° C.
- the hot forging temperature needs to be equal to or higher than the temperature at which the recrystallization of the ⁇ phase proceeds rapidly as described above. More specifically, 1000 ° C. or higher is preferable, and 1050 ° C. or higher is more preferable. When the hot forging temperature is less than 950 ° C., the inconsistent ⁇ ′ phase cannot be precipitated, and the effect of the present invention cannot be obtained.
- the cooling (slow cooling) step will be described.
- the material on which the inconsistent ⁇ ′ phase 33 is precipitated is gradually cooled at a cooling rate of 50 ° C./h or less from the temperature higher than the hot forging temperature to increase the inconsistent ⁇ ′ phase 33 that does not contribute to strength. (Growth) increases the precipitation amount of the ⁇ '33 phase and realizes a softened state.
- the material immediately after hot forging also precipitates the aligned ⁇ ′ phase 32 while the material cools from the hot forging temperature to room temperature.
- the temperature before the slow cooling in the cooling step is preferably higher than the hot forging temperature of the material and lower than the solid solution temperature of the ⁇ ′ phase.
- the cooling rate is preferably 50 ° C./h or less, and more preferably 10 ° C./h or less.
- the cooling end temperature By gradually cooling to below the processing temperature of the processing steps S21 to S23 described later and increasing the non-matched ⁇ ′ phase 33, it is possible to suppress the precipitation of the matched ⁇ ′ phase 32 at the processing temperature. Moreover, the precipitation driving force of the matching ⁇ ′ phase 32 decreases as the temperature decreases, and almost no precipitation occurs at 500 ° C. or lower. Therefore, the annealing end temperature in the cooling step is preferably equal to or lower than the subsequent processing temperature, and more preferably 500 ° C. or lower. By the softening process described above, the moving blade material is softened to obtain a good workability.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining S21 to S23 of FIG.
- the Ni-based softening materials 40a and 40b (FIG. 4 (a)) are processed into the shape of at least two members (FIG. 4 (b)) constituting the moving blade.
- the moving blade is divided into two members: a member 41 that becomes the zenith portion (upper end portion) of the moving blade and a member 42 that constitutes the wing portion (the portion other than the zenith portion) of the moving blade. Process into each shape. At this time, as shown in FIG.
- the members 41 and 42 are provided with joint planned portions 43 that serve as joint portions of the respective members in a third processing step (S3) described later.
- the processing in the first processing step is not particularly limited, but can be performed using cutting, hot forging (die forging), or both.
- the joining planned portion 43 it is preferable to provide the joining planned portion 43 at a place where there is no influence on the moving blade as much as possible at the time of joining.
- friction stir welding which will be described later, is used for joining the members, a large load is applied at the time of joining. Therefore, it is preferable to provide the joining planned portion 43 so that a large pressure is not applied to portions other than the joining portion of the moving blade.
- a protrusion is provided at the end of the member and this protrusion is used as a joint 45.
- a second processing step (S22: Second processing step) is performed in which the cooling structure constituting portion 44 serving as a precursor of the cooling channel is formed on each member.
- the processing in the second processing step is not particularly limited, but can be formed into a predetermined shape using drill processing, electric discharge processing, or both. The burr generated at this time is removed because it can be a crack propagation point in a rotating body such as a moving blade.
- cooling structure component 44 By making the cooling structure component 44 a structure as shown in FIG. 4C, for example, a serpentine flow path in which the cooling flow path is bent at 180 ° C. can be formed after the third processing step (S23) described later. It becomes. Moreover, film cooling is also possible by forming a hole in the side surface of the wing portion by drilling.
- a third processing step for joining the respective members is performed.
- various joining methods can be applied to the joining, it is preferable to perform the joining by friction stir welding.
- FIG. 4D the joint portion 45 formed in FIG. 4C is joined to form a joint 45.
- a desired cooling structure (cooling flow path) is formed by combining the cooling structure components of the respective members.
- a cooling structure is conventionally formed by machining and electric discharge machining using a single member, but this method can only produce a cooling structure that penetrates in one direction from the blade root to the zenith. could not.
- a Ni-base alloy is first softened to prepare a plurality of members constituting a moving blade, and after forming a cooling structure component on the member, the members are combined into a moving blade. Therefore, it is possible to form a cooling structure (meandering flow path) having a complicated shape, which is impossible in the case of manufacturing a moving blade from the above. Furthermore, by using friction stir welding at the time of joining the members, a uniform forged structure can be maintained even after joining, so it is possible to produce a moving blade without reducing the strength of the Ni-based forged material. .
- the method for manufacturing a moving blade of a gas turbine has been described as an embodiment of the present invention.
- the method is not limited to the gas turbine, and can be applied to other products as long as the gist is not changed.
- the present invention can be applied to a rotating body such as a compressor and a moving blade of a steam turbine.
- test materials (Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative materials 1 to 4) were produced. Each test material was evaluated by the method shown in Table 2. The evaluation is described with “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, “ ⁇ ”, and the evaluation criteria are described in Table 3. In the preparation of each sample material, 50 kg of an alloy having the composition shown in Table 1 was melted by vacuum induction heating melting method, homogenized, and hot forged at 1050 to 1250 ° C. Obtained. Table 4 shows the evaluation results of each test material.
- Evaluation 1 Evaluation of the amount of ⁇ ′ phase at 1050 ° C. of the material
- the amount of ⁇ ′ phase at 1050 ° C. of the material was calculated based on thermodynamic calculation.
- 10 mol% or more of the ⁇ ′ phase is present thermodynamically stably at 1050 ° C.
- the comparative material 1 does not exist because the solid solution temperature of the ⁇ ′ phase is 1050 ° C. or lower.
- Comparative material 2 has a ⁇ ′ phase at 1050 ° C., but it is 10 mol% or less.
- the comparative material 4 was evaluated because the amount of ⁇ ′ phase at 1050 ° C.
- Evaluation 2 Evaluation of hardness after the softening step (S1) Each sample material was heated to the forging temperature (1050 to 1250 ° C), gradually cooled to 500 ° C at 10 ° C / h, then cooled with water and taken out. did. Thereafter, a test piece having a size of 0.5 to 1.0 mm was collected from the end of the test material, and the hardness was measured using a micro Vickers hardness tester.
- Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative material 1 were all 350 Hv or less. Comparative material 2 exhibited a hardness of 350 to 400 Hv. About the comparative material 3, the softening process (S1) was not implemented but the 1st process process (S21) of the back
- Comparative material 2 has a forging temperature equal to or higher than the solid solution temperature of the ⁇ ′ phase, but the amount of ⁇ ′ phase at 1050 ° C. evaluated in Evaluation 1 is small, and it is considered that the effect of the present invention was not sufficiently obtained.
- both the non-matching ⁇ ′ phase and the matching ⁇ ′ phase were precipitated. This is because the inconsistent ⁇ ′ phase is precipitated during material forging before the softening step (S1), and then the matched ⁇ ′ phase is precipitated in the process of cooling the material to room temperature.
- Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Material 1 were all processable by both die forging and cutting.
- Comparative Material 1 no inconsistent ⁇ ′ phase was precipitated in the softening step S1, but the processing was possible because the amount of ⁇ ′ phase was small and the strength was low, and due to the contribution of the softening step of the present invention, Absent.
- the comparative material 2 could be cut but not forged.
- Comparative Material 3 was impossible for both die forging and cutting. This is because the comparative material 3 is a high-strength material in which the solid solution temperature of the ⁇ ′ phase is 1050 ° C. or more, and since the comparative agent 3 has not been subjected to the softening step, a matching ⁇ ′ phase is precipitated during processing.
- Evaluation 4 Evaluation of workability in the second processing step (S22)
- a cooling structure component was formed on the specimen by drilling at room temperature.
- the machining was not allowed.
- all the test materials were metal, so that they were applicable.
- Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative material 1 were all capable of being processed by either drilling or electric discharge machining.
- the comparative material 1 although workability was favorable, it is because the intensity
- drilling was impossible but electric discharge machining was possible.
- Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Material 1 were able to be bonded in any case, and no defects or the like in the bonded portion were confirmed by observation with a microscope, and a fine polycrystalline structure was observed. In other words, the entire rotor blade including the joint portion had a uniform forged structure. The comparative material 2 could not be pushed in and could not be joined.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明に係るタービン動翼の製造方法の一工程を模式的に示す断面図である。本発明者らは、上記目的を達成することが可能なタービン動翼(以下、「Ni基鍛造翼」とも称する。)の製造方法について鋭意検討した。その結果、以下の製造工程によれば、翼内部に複雑な冷却構造を形成することが可能であることを見出した。すなわち、γ相4と非整合なγ´相5の量を増加させてNi基鍛造材の加工性を向上させた上で、タービン動翼を構成する少なくとも2つの部材(図1では、部材1および2)を形成する。そして、それぞれの部材に冷却流体6の冷却通路(冷却構造)となる冷却構造構成部を形成した後、それぞれの部材を接合する。上記製造方法によれば、1050℃以上において、10モル%以上40モル%以下のγ´相が含有された、高い高温強度を有するNi基鍛造合金であっても、加工割れを生じさせることなく、鍛造翼内部に複雑な冷却構造を形成可能である。本発明は、該知見によるものである。
図3はS1における温度プロフィルと材料組織を模式的に示す図である。図3に示すように、S1は、熱間鍛造工程と、冷却工程とを有する。まず始めに、熱間鍛造工程について説明する。熱間鍛造工程では、Ni基鍛造材をγ´相が消失する温度(γ´相の固溶温度Ts)以下であり、かつγ相の再結晶が迅速に進む温度以上の温度で熱間鍛造することで、γ相の粒界上にγ相とは非整合なγ´相を析出させる。なお、本発明において「γ相の粒界上」とは、「隣り合うγ結晶粒の境界」を意味するものとする。
次に、上記した軟化工程で軟化状態となったNi基軟化材について、加工を行う。図4は、図2のS21~S23を説明するフロー図である。まず、第1の加工工程(S21)において、Ni基軟化材40a,40b(図4(a))について、動翼を構成する少なくとも2つの部材の形状(図4(b))に加工する。図4(b)においては、動翼を、動翼の天頂部(上端部)となる部材41と、動翼の翼部(天頂部以外の部分)を構成する部材42の2つに分け、それぞれの形状に加工する。このとき、図4(d)に示すように、後述する第3の加工工程(S3)においてそれぞれの部材の接合部となる接合予定部43を部材41および42に設けておく。第1の加工工程における加工は、特に限定は無いが、切削加工、熱間鍛造(型鍛造)またはその両方を用いて実施することができる。
上記第1の加工工程後に、それぞれの部材に冷却流路の前駆体となる冷却構造構成部44を形成する第2の加工工程(S22)を実施する。第2の加工工程における加工は、特に限定は無いが、ドリル加工、放電加工またはその両方を用いて所定の形状に成形することができる。この際生じたバリは、動翼のような回転体ではき裂の進展箇所になり得るため除去する。
上記第2の加工工程後にそれぞれの部材を接合する第3の加工工程を実施する。接合は、種々の接合方法を適用することができるが、摩擦攪拌接合によって行うことが好ましい。図4(d)に示すように、図4(c)で形成した接合予定部43を接合して接合部45を形成する。これによって、それぞれの部材の冷却構造構成部が組合さることで、所望の冷却構造(冷却流路)が形成される。
均一な鍛造組織を保って接合することができる。このため、接合部の強度を低下させることなく接合することが可能となる。
上記第3の加工工程後に、非整合γ´相を固溶させ整合γ´相を再析出させる溶体化時効処理を施すことで、高温強度を回復させることが可能となる。本発明において溶体化処理及び時効処理の条件については特に限定は無く、一般的に用いられている条件を適用することができる。溶体化・時効処理工程後に、700℃において整合γ´相が30モル%以上含んでいることが望ましい。整合γ´相の含有量が30モル%以上あれば、十分な高温強度を有するNi基鍛造翼を得ることができる。
表1に示す組成の素材を用いて、上述した軟化工程(S1)から、溶体化・時効処理工程(S3)までを実施して供試材(実施例1~3および比較材1~4)を作製した。各供試材を、表2に示す方法で評価した。評価は「○」、「△」、「×」で記述し、表3に評価基準を記す。各供試材の作製においては、表1に示す組成の合金を真空誘導加熱溶解法にて50kgずつ溶解し、均質化処理を施した後に、1050~1250℃で熱間鍛造することで素材を得た。表4に各供試材の評価結果を示す。
素材の1050℃におけるγ´相量は熱力学計算に基づき算出した。実施例1~3および比較材3~4はいずれも1050℃において10モル%以上のγ´相が熱力学的に安定に存在する。比較材1はγ´相の固溶温度が1050℃以下であり存在しない。比較材2は、1050℃においてγ´相は存在するが10モル%以下である。ただし、比較材4は、1050℃におけるγ´相量が40モル%を超え、後述するS1後の評価において素材を鍛造し鍛造素材とする過程において大きな割れが発生したため評価終了とした。よって、1050℃以上におけるγ´相量は、40モル%より多いと素材の鍛造が困難となるため、40モル%以下が望ましい。
供試材ごとに鍛造温度(1050~1250℃)まで昇温後、10℃/hで500℃まで徐冷した後水冷し、取出した。その後、供試材の端部から0.5~1.0mm寸法の試験片を採取し、マイクロビッカース硬度計を用いて硬さ測定を実施した。
第1の加工工程では、まず950℃で型鍛造を実施して動翼の天頂部および翼部となる部材を作製した。鍛造中にプレスの荷重が不足し、供試材が変形しない、または鍛造後に供試材の内部または表面に割れ等の欠陥が生じた場合は加工不可と判断した。切削加工については、加工中に工具摩耗が著しいまたは欠損が生じる場合については加工不可とした。
第2の加工工程では、まず室温においてドリル加工によって供試材に冷却構造構成部を形成した。このとき、評価3と同様に加工中に工具摩耗が著しいまたは欠損が生じる場合については加工不可とした。放電加工については、供試材がすべて金属のため適用可能であった。
第3の加工工程では、天頂部と翼部を摩擦攪拌接合により接合した。ツールが供試材に押し込めない場合や施工中のツール摩耗および破損が著しい場合、また接合部において内部に欠陥や特異な有害相等が確認された場合は接合不可とした。
溶体化時効処理は各供試材の標準的な熱処理条件で実施し、その後組織観察と画像解析によって、整合γ´相の析出量を算出した。実施例1~3はいずれも700℃において30モル%以上の整合γ´相が析出しており、十分な高温強度を有する動翼を提供することができた。比較材1は700℃におけるγ´相量が30モル%以下であった。
Claims (14)
- Ni基鍛造合金を用いたタービン動翼の製造方法において、
前記Ni基鍛造合金の母相のγ相と非整合なγ´相を増加させる軟化工程と、
前記軟化工程後のNi基鍛造合金を用いて動翼を構成する少なくとも2つの部材を形成する第1の加工工程と、
前記部材のそれぞれに冷却構造構成部を形成する第2の加工工程と、
前記部材を接合する第3の加工工程と、を有することを特徴とするタービン動翼の製造方法。 - 前記第3の加工工程において、摩擦撹拌接合によって前記部材を接合することを特徴とする請求項1記載のタービン動翼の製造方法。
- 前記軟化工程は、γ相の固溶温度以下で、かつγ相の再結晶が迅速に進む温度以上の温度で熱間鍛造して非整合γ´相を析出させる熱間鍛造工程と、
前記熱間鍛造の温度以上の温度から徐冷して非整合γ´相を増加させる冷却工程と、を有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のタービン動翼の製造方法。 - 前記熱間鍛造の温度が1050℃以上1250℃未満であり、前記冷却工程における冷却速度が10℃/h以上50℃/h以下であることを特徴とする請求項3記載のタービン動翼の製造方法。
- 前記第1の加工工程において、前記部材のうちの少なくとも1つを切削加工によって形成することを特徴とする請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載のタービン動翼の製造方法。
- 前記第1の加工工程において、前記部材のうちの少なくとも1つを熱間鍛造によって形成することを特徴とする請求項1ないし5のいずれか1項に記載のタービン動翼の製造方法。
- 前記第2の加工工程において、前記部材のうちの少なくとも1つにドリル加工によって前記冷却構造形成部を形成することを特徴とする請求項1ないし6のいずれか1項に記載のタービン動翼の製造方法。
- 前記第2の加工工程において、前記部材のうちの少なくとも1つに放電加工によって前記冷却構造構成部を形成することを特徴とする請求項1ないし7のいずれか1項に記載のタービン動翼の製造方法。
- さらに、前記第3の加工工程後に溶体化・時効処理工程を有することを特徴とする請求項1ないし8のいずれか1項に記載のタービン動翼の製造方法。
- 前記Ni基鍛造合金が、γ´相を1050℃以上で10モル%以上40モル%以下含むことを特徴とする請求項1ないし9のいずれか1項に記載のタービン動翼の製造方法。
- 前記溶体化・時効処理工程後のNi基鍛造合金が、母相と整合なγ´相を700℃以下で30モル%以上含むことを特徴とする請求項9記載のタービン動翼の製造方法。
- 前記第3の加工工程において接合された前記部材の接合部が鍛造組織を有することを特徴とする請求項1ないし11のいずれか1項に記載のタービン動翼の製造方法。
- 前記部材は、前記タービン動翼の翼部および天頂部を構成する部材であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし12のいずれか1項に記載のタービン動翼の製造方法。
- 前記冷却構造構成部が、前記第3の加工工程において前記部材が接合されることによってタービン動翼の冷却構造をなすことを特徴とする請求項1ないし13のいずれか1項に記載のタービン動翼の製造方法。
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| KR1020207009066A KR102215266B1 (ko) | 2015-09-14 | 2015-09-14 | 터빈 동익 및 터빈 동익의 부재 |
| PCT/JP2015/076024 WO2017046851A1 (ja) | 2015-09-14 | 2015-09-14 | タービン動翼の製造方法 |
| US15/743,767 US20180209026A1 (en) | 2015-09-14 | 2015-09-14 | Turbine Rotor Blade Manufacturing Method |
| KR1020187002602A KR20180021166A (ko) | 2015-09-14 | 2015-09-14 | 터빈 동익의 제조 방법 |
| EP15904040.1A EP3351651B1 (en) | 2015-09-14 | 2015-09-14 | Turbine rotor blade manufacturing method |
| CN201580081940.0A CN107849672B (zh) | 2015-09-14 | 2015-09-14 | 涡轮动叶片的制造方法 |
| RU2018103448A RU2689307C9 (ru) | 2015-09-14 | 2015-09-14 | Способ изготовления лопатки ротора турбины |
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| US11098395B2 (en) | 2019-12-18 | 2021-08-24 | General Electric Company | Nickel-based superalloy with microstructure including rafting-resistant gamma prime phase and article prepared therefrom |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2024048525A1 (ja) * | 2022-09-02 | 2024-03-07 | 株式会社プロテリアル | Ni基合金の製造方法 |
| JP7509330B1 (ja) * | 2022-09-02 | 2024-07-02 | 株式会社プロテリアル | Ni基合金の製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2017046851A1 (ja) | 2018-03-08 |
| EP3351651A4 (en) | 2019-05-01 |
| KR20180021166A (ko) | 2018-02-28 |
| US20200277692A1 (en) | 2020-09-03 |
| CN107849672B (zh) | 2021-03-02 |
| US20180209026A1 (en) | 2018-07-26 |
| EP3351651B1 (en) | 2022-01-05 |
| KR102215266B1 (ko) | 2021-02-15 |
| RU2689307C9 (ru) | 2019-10-17 |
| KR20200036061A (ko) | 2020-04-06 |
| EP3351651A1 (en) | 2018-07-25 |
| RU2689307C1 (ru) | 2019-05-27 |
| JP6810694B2 (ja) | 2021-01-06 |
| CN107849672A (zh) | 2018-03-27 |
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