WO2016203659A1 - 半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ - Google Patents
半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016203659A1 WO2016203659A1 PCT/JP2015/070861 JP2015070861W WO2016203659A1 WO 2016203659 A1 WO2016203659 A1 WO 2016203659A1 JP 2015070861 W JP2015070861 W JP 2015070861W WO 2016203659 A1 WO2016203659 A1 WO 2016203659A1
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- Prior art keywords
- wire
- bonding
- bonding wire
- semiconductor device
- core material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0227—Rods, wires
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3013—Au as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/302—Cu as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
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- B32B15/018—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of a noble metal or a noble metal alloy
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- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/04—Alloys based on a platinum group metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
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Definitions
- the Pd coating layer may include a region of a single Pd layer, and a region where Pd and Cu have a concentration gradient in the depth direction of the wire.
- the reason why the region having the concentration gradient is formed in the Pd coating layer is that Pd and Cu atoms may be diffused by heat treatment or the like in the manufacturing process.
- the concentration gradient means that the degree of concentration change in the depth direction is 10 mol% or more per 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the Pd coating layer may contain inevitable impurities.
- the bonding wire can be obtained by manufacturing a Cu alloy used as a core material, then processing it into a wire shape, forming a Pd coating layer and an Au layer, and performing a heat treatment. In some cases, after forming the Pd coating layer and the Au layer, wire drawing and heat treatment are performed again.
- the production method of the Cu alloy core material, the Pd coating layer, the formation method of the alloy skin layer containing Au and Pd, and the heat treatment method will be described in detail.
- the EBSD method has the feature that the crystal orientation of the observation surface can be observed, and the angle difference of the crystal orientation between adjacent measurement points can be illustrated. Even a thin wire such as a bonding wire is relatively simple and accurate. The crystal orientation can be observed.
- the particle size measurement can be obtained by using the analysis software provided in the apparatus for the measurement result by the EBSD method.
- the crystal grain size defined in the present invention is an arithmetic average of equivalent diameters of crystal grains included in the measurement region (diameter of circle corresponding to crystal grain area; equivalent circle diameter).
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Wire Bonding (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
耐力比=最大耐力/0.2%耐力 (1)
ウェッジ接合において、ボンディングワイヤは激しく変形する。変形の際にワイヤが加工硬化すると、接合後のワイヤが硬くなり、その結果としてウェッジ接合の接合強度が低下することとなる。ウェッジ接合強度を維持するためには、上記(1)式で定義した耐力比が1.6以下であると好ましい。ところが、175℃~200℃のHTSでのボール接合部の接合信頼性向上のためにワイヤ中に上記元素を含有させたところ、耐力比が増大して1.6を超えることとなった。そのため、ウェッジ接合の接合強度低下を来すこととなった。
(1)Cu合金芯材と、前記Cu合金芯材の表面に形成されたPd被覆層とを有する半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤにおいて、
前記ボンディングワイヤがNi、Zn、Rh、In、Ir、Ptから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の元素を含み、ワイヤ全体に対する前記元素の濃度が総計で0.03~2質量%であり、
前記ボンディングワイヤのワイヤ軸に垂直方向の芯材断面に対して結晶方位を測定した結果において、ワイヤ長手方向の結晶方位のうち、ワイヤ長手方向に対して角度差が15度以下である結晶方位<100>の方位比率が50%以上であり、
前記ボンディングワイヤのワイヤ軸に垂直方向の芯材断面における平均結晶粒径が、0.9~1.3μmであることを特徴とする半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
(2)下記(1)式で定義する耐力比が1.1~1.6であることを特徴とする上記(1)記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
耐力比=最大耐力/0.2%耐力 (1)
(3)前記Pd被覆層の厚さが0.015~0.150μmであることを特徴とする上記(1)又は(2)記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
(4)前記Pd被覆層上にさらにAuとPdを含む合金表皮層を有することを特徴とする上記(1)~(3)のいずれか1項記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
(5)前記AuとPdを含む合金表皮層の厚さが0.0005~0.050μmであることを特徴とする上記(4)記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
(6)前記ボンディングワイヤがGa、Ge、As、Te、Sn、Sb、Bi、Seから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の元素を含み、ワイヤ全体に対する前記元素の濃度が合計で0.1~100質量ppmであり、Sn≦10質量ppm、Sb≦10質量ppm、Bi≦1質量ppmであることを特徴とする上記(1)~(5)のいずれか1項記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
(7)前記ボンディングワイヤがさらにB、P、Mg、Ca、Laから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の元素を含み、ワイヤ全体に対する前記元素の濃度がそれぞれ1~100質量ppmであることを特徴とする上記(1)~(6)のいずれか1項記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
(8)前記ボンディングワイヤの最表面にCuが存在することを特徴とする上記(1)~(7)のいずれか1項記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
耐力比=最大耐力/0.2%耐力 (1)
ウェッジ接合において、ボンディングワイヤは激しく変形する。変形の際にワイヤが加工硬化すると、接合後のワイヤが硬くなり、その結果としてウェッジ接合の接合強度が低下することとなる。良好なウェッジ接合強度を維持するためには、上記(1)式で定義した耐力比が1.6以下であると好ましい。ところが、175℃~200℃のHTSでのボール接合部の接合信頼性向上のため、Ni、Zn、Rh、In、Ir、Ptの1種以上をワイヤ中に総計で0.03質量%以上含有させたところ、耐力比が増大して1.6を超えることとなった。芯材のCu中に上記合金成分を含有した結果、耐力比の増大、即ち硬度の増加が発生したと考えられる。そのため、ウェッジ接合の接合強度低下を来すこととなった。他方において、従来の製造方法の範囲内で耐力比を低減しようとしたところ、耐力比が1.1未満となり、ウェッジ接合性が劣る結果となった。
次に本発明の実施形態に係るボンディングワイヤの製造方法を説明する。ボンディングワイヤは、芯材に用いるCu合金を製造した後、ワイヤ状に細く加工し、Pd被覆層、Au層を形成して、熱処理することで得られる。Pd被覆層、Au層を形成後、再度伸線と熱処理を行う場合もある。Cu合金芯材の製造方法、Pd被覆層、AuとPdを含む合金表皮層の形成方法、熱処理方法について詳しく説明する。
まずサンプルの作製方法について説明する。芯材の原材料となるCuは純度が99.99質量%以上で残部が不可避不純物から構成されるものを用いた。Au、Pd、Ni、Zn、Rh、In、Ir、Ptは純度が99質量%以上で残部が不可避不純物から構成されるものを用いた。ワイヤ又は芯材の組成が目的のものとなるように、芯材への添加元素であるNi、Zn、Rh、In、Ir、Ptを調合する。Ni、Zn、Rh、In、Ir、Ptの添加に関しては、単体での調合も可能であるが、単体で高融点の元素や添加量が極微量である場合には、添加元素を含むCu母合金をあらかじめ作製しておいて目的の添加量となるように調合しても良い。また、下記表3に示す本発明例では、さらにGa、Ge、As、Te、Sn、Sb、Bi、Se、B、P、Mg、Ca、Laの1種以上を含有させている。
ワイヤ中のNi、Zn、Rh、In、Ir、Pt、Ga、Ge、As、Te、Sn、Sb、Bi、Se、B、P、Mg、Ca、La含有量については、ICP発光分光分析装置を利用して、ボンディングワイヤ全体に含まれる元素の濃度として分析した。
耐力比=最大耐力/0.2%耐力 (1)
表1の本発明例1~26に係るボンディングワイヤは、Cu合金芯材と、Cu合金芯材の表面に形成されたPd被覆層とを有し、Pd被覆層の厚さが好適範囲である0.015~0.150μmの範囲にあり、FAB形状がいずれも良好であった。また、ボンディングワイヤがNi、Zn、Rh、In、Ir、Ptから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の元素を含み、ワイヤ全体に対する前記元素の濃度が合計で0.03~2質量%であることから、HTS評価によるボール接合部高温信頼性が良好であることを確認した。
Claims (8)
- Cu合金芯材と、前記Cu合金芯材の表面に形成されたPd被覆層とを有する半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤにおいて、
前記ボンディングワイヤがNi、Zn、Rh、In、Ir、Ptから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の元素を含み、ワイヤ全体に対する前記元素の濃度が総計で0.03~2質量%であり、
前記ボンディングワイヤのワイヤ軸に垂直方向の芯材断面に対して結晶方位を測定した結果において、ワイヤ長手方向の結晶方位のうち、ワイヤ長手方向に対して角度差が15度以下である結晶方位<100>の方位比率が50%以上であり、
前記ボンディングワイヤのワイヤ軸に垂直方向の芯材断面における平均結晶粒径が、0.9~1.3μmであることを特徴とする半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。 - 下記(1)式で定義する耐力比が1.1~1.6であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
耐力比=最大耐力/0.2%耐力 (1) - 前記Pd被覆層の厚さが0.015~0.150μmであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
- 前記Pd被覆層上にさらにAuとPdを含む合金表皮層を有することを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
- 前記AuとPdを含む合金表皮層の厚さが0.0005~0.050μmであることを特徴とする請求項4記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
- 前記ボンディングワイヤがGa、Ge、As、Te、Sn、Sb、Bi、Seから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の元素を含み、ワイヤ全体に対する前記元素の濃度が合計で0.1~100質量ppmであり、Sn≦10質量ppm、Sb≦10質量ppm、Bi≦1質量ppmであることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
- 前記ボンディングワイヤがさらにB、P、Mg、Ca、Laから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の元素を含み、ワイヤ全体に対する前記元素の濃度がそれぞれ1~100質量ppmであることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか1項記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
- 前記ボンディングワイヤの最表面にCuが存在することを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれか1項記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
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