WO2016121155A1 - 多孔質材料または粒状材料を受容体層として有するセンサ - Google Patents
多孔質材料または粒状材料を受容体層として有するセンサ Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
- G01N29/022—Fluid sensors based on microsensors, e.g. quartz crystal-microbalance [QCM], surface acoustic wave [SAW] devices, tuning forks, cantilevers, flexural plate wave [FPW] devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/02—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by absorbing or adsorbing components of a material and determining change of weight of the adsorbent, e.g. determining moisture content
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01G—WEIGHING
- G01G3/00—Weighing apparatus characterised by the use of elastically-deformable members, e.g. spring balances
- G01G3/12—Weighing apparatus characterised by the use of elastically-deformable members, e.g. spring balances wherein the weighing element is in the form of a solid body stressed by pressure or tension during weighing
- G01G3/13—Weighing apparatus characterised by the use of elastically-deformable members, e.g. spring balances wherein the weighing element is in the form of a solid body stressed by pressure or tension during weighing having piezoelectric or piezoresistive properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
- G01N27/227—Sensors changing capacitance upon adsorption or absorption of fluid components, e.g. electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor sensors, MOS capacitors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
- G01N29/036—Analysing fluids by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y15/00—Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
- G01N2021/495—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid the fluid being adsorbed, e.g. in porous medium
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
- G01N2291/014—Resonance or resonant frequency
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/021—Gases
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/022—Liquids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/024—Mixtures
- G01N2291/02433—Gases in liquids, e.g. bubbles, foams
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/025—Change of phase or condition
- G01N2291/0256—Adsorption, desorption, surface mass change, e.g. on biosensors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sensor that enables highly sensitive and selective detection of a sample molecule (detection target substance molecule) by coating a porous material or a granular material on the sensor.
- a sensor is used for measurement after being coated with a layer called “receptor layer” that enables highly sensitive and selective detection of analyte molecules.
- Substances used as the receptor layer are diverse, such as self-assembled monolayers, DNA / RNA, proteins, antigens / antibodies, and polymers.
- the interaction between the receptor substance and the surface having the detection function on the sensor (hereinafter simply referred to as the sensor surface) is important from the viewpoint of measurement reproducibility and sensor durability. It is desirable to create a stable bonded state. Therefore, the immobilization of the receptor substance needs to be performed under strictly controlled conditions, and optimization of the conditions is not easy.
- the measurement environment of the sensor is limited depending on the substance to be coated, for example, a water-soluble polymer cannot be used for measurement in water.
- the sensor selectivity can be designed from a very specific one, such as an antigen-antibody reaction, to one with a wide range of selectivity, such as a polymer that adsorbs a relatively wide variety of analytes. Is possible.
- a very specific one such as an antigen-antibody reaction
- selectivity such as a polymer that adsorbs a relatively wide variety of analytes.
- the sensitivity improves until the film thickness reaches a certain value, and then decreases.
- it is difficult to increase the film thickness of self-assembled monolayers, DNA / RNA, proteins, antigens / antibodies, etc. so it is not easy to improve sensitivity.
- a polymer it is possible to increase the film thickness, but there are problems of solubility and weather resistance as described above.
- the present invention uses a “porous material” or “granular material” that has not been used as a receptor layer material so far, and can control sensitivity and selectivity that cannot be achieved with conventional materials, It is an object to provide a durable receptor layer and a method for producing the same.
- a porous material or a granular material is coated on a sensor body of a type that detects a physical parameter, and the physical parameter of the physical parameter is determined by adsorbing an analyte molecule to the porous material or the granular material.
- a sensor is provided that detects the analyte molecule by a change.
- the porous material or the granular material may be made of an inorganic substance.
- the inorganic substance may be silica.
- the porous material or the granular material may be a porous material having an average pore diameter of 1 mm or less.
- the average pore size of the porous material may be 0.1 nm or more and 500 nm or less.
- the silica may be mesoporous silica.
- the porous material or granular material is an inorganic material, an organic material, an inorganic organic hybrid material, a metal-organic structure, a material incorporating a self-organized surfactant micelle in the structure, or a material in which fibers are dispersed in plastic. , Carbon material, and biomaterial.
- the inorganic material is one or more materials selected from the group consisting of oxides, nitrides, sulfides, metals, and gold, or a composite of a plurality of materials selected from the group at an arbitrary ratio.
- the organic material is an organic material having a polymerizable functional group as a main chain in the structure and having a substituent in a side chain
- the inorganic-organic hybrid material includes the inorganic material and the organic material.
- Materials incorporating structured surfactant micelles in the structure include materials in which a cationic surfactant is incorporated in the silica skeleton, and block copolymers in the metal skeleton.
- the material selected from the group consisting of embedded materials, in which fibers are dispersed in plastic is a fiber reinforced plastic
- the carbon material is a substance having a skeleton of sp2 carbon atoms
- the biological material is a peptide or protein It may be a material selected from enzymes, sugars, lipids, and proteins, or a complex of a material selected from peptides, proteins, enzymes, sugars, lipids, and proteins and the inorganic material.
- the composite in at least one of the inorganic material and the inorganic-organic hybrid material is a form in which Janus particles are heterogeneously joined, a core-shell form, and a form in which a plurality of other particles are dispersed inside one particle.
- the form selected from the group consisting of The organic material may be selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polydivinylbenzene, polyisopropylacrylamide, porphyrin, a compound in which a substituent is introduced into a porphyrin ring, and a porphyrin metal complex compound having a transition metal.
- the surface of the porous material or the granular material may be modified with a single type or a plurality of types of surface modifying groups.
- at least one of the surface modifying groups may adsorb the analyte molecule.
- the first surface modification group is a hydrophobic surface modification group, and the second surface modification different from the first surface modification group in the plurality of types of surface modification groups.
- the group is hydrophilic and has a surface modification group shorter than the first surface modification group, so that the surface of the receptor layer is macroscopically hydrophobic, but microscopically hydrophilic. Good.
- the second surface modifying group may be an aminopropyl group, and the first surface modifying group may be an alkyl group having a chain length longer than that of the aminopropyl group.
- a plurality of types of substances may repeatedly appear on the surface of the porous material or granular material, and the plurality of types of substances may be modified by different types of the surface modifying groups.
- the plurality of types of substances may be at least titania and silica.
- the porous material or the particulate material may be nanoparticles.
- the physical parameters are surface stress, stress, force, surface tension, pressure, mass, elasticity, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, resonance frequency, frequency, volume, thickness, viscosity, density, magnetic force, magnetic quantity, magnetic field, magnetic flux, Magnetic flux density, electrical resistance, electrical quantity, dielectric constant, power, electric field, charge, current, voltage, potential, mobility, electrostatic energy, capacitance, inductance, reactance, susceptance, admittance, impedance, conductance, plasmon, refractive index, It may be at least one selected from luminous intensity and temperature.
- the sensor body may be a surface stress sensor or a QCM.
- the porous material may then be formed on the surface of a sensor body of the type that detects physical parameters.
- a sensor and a film that covers the sensor and that does not transmit liquid molecules but transmits at least some gas molecules.
- a gap may be formed between the two.
- the membrane may be a hollow fiber membrane or a semipermeable membrane. Moreover, you may have a means to apply negative pressure to the said space
- the present invention it is possible to simultaneously realize sensitivity, selectivity, and durability, which cannot be achieved by a conventional receptor material, in a sensor type that detects surface stress and various other physical parameters. It becomes possible. This makes it possible to perform air / liquid measurement under various temperatures and solvent conditions. Moreover, the coating with a porous material or a granular material can be easily carried out, and no special reaction conditions and equipment are required.
- A Optical microscope photographs before (left) and after (right) immersion of a membrane type surface stress sensor with a porous receptor layer coated with a porous material in liquid water and ethanol.
- Example. The figure which shows an example of the apparatus structure utilized for the granular material synthesis
- FIG. 3 is an SEM image of the granular material produced in Example 2.
- FIG. The figure which shows the result of having measured 8 types of compounds using granular material coating
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- Example 3 the figure which shows the result of having measured 8 types of compounds using MSS which coat
- Example 4 the optical microscope image before and behind immersing granular material covering MSS in water.
- Example 4 the figure which shows the result of having measured eight types of compounds using granular material covering MSS before and behind immersion in water.
- Example 4 the figure which shows the result of having measured 8 types of compounds using PVP coating
- Example 5 the figure which shows the result of having measured eight types of compounds using granular material covering QCM.
- Example 5 the figure which shows the result of having measured 8 types of compounds using PVP coating
- MOF metal-organic frameworks
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a part of the results of measuring nine types of compounds using MSS coated with ZIF-7 nanoparticles whose SEM images are shown in FIG. The figure which shows the remainder of the result of having measured nine types of compounds using MSS which coat
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a part of the result of measuring nine types of compounds using MSS coated with ZIF-8 nanoparticles whose SEM image is shown in FIG. The figure which shows the remainder of the result of having measured nine types of compounds using MSS which coat
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a part of the results of measuring nine types of compounds using MSS coated with ZIF-71 nanoparticles whose SEM images are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 Chemical structure of T (3,5-DHP) P (5,10,15,20-tetrakis (3 ', 5'-dihydroxyphenyl) porphyrin, Por-OH), which is an example of porphyrin combined with graphene oxide (GO)
- FIG. 1 The SEM image of the state which apply
- Zn-T (3,5-DHP) P (5,10,15,20-tetrakis (3 ', 5'-dihydroxyphenyl) porphinatozinc (II), Zn, which is another example of porphyrin combined with graphene oxide (GO)
- a porous or granular material (hereinafter simply referred to as a receptor material when the porous material and the granular material are collectively referred to) is directly coated on a sensor body of a type that detects temperature and various other physical parameters.
- a sensor provided with a receptor layer configured as described above is provided.
- a change in physical parameters caused by the receptor layer adsorbing analyte molecules is detected by the sensor body. Therefore, the sensor body usable in the present invention detects changes caused in the receptor layer by adsorbing the substance to be detected by the receptor layer formed by coating the surface of the receptor material with the receptor material. If there is, the structure, operation, etc. are not particularly limited. For example, when a surface stress sensor is used, the receptor layer that coats the surface adsorbs the substance to be detected, detects the stress change caused in the receptor layer, and the surface stress sensor outputs a signal. To do.
- a QCM that is a mass sensor that measures a small amount of mass change by utilizing the property that the resonance frequency varies according to the mass when a substance is adsorbed on the electrode surface of a crystal resonator.
- the receptor layer covering the surface detects a mass change caused by adsorbing the detection target substance and outputs a signal.
- adsorption is used herein in the broadest sense including not only physical adsorption but also adsorption due to chemical bonding or biochemical action.
- porous material receptor layer The porous material used for the receptor layer may be of any size, shape, composition and structure.
- the composition for example, an inorganic material such as silicon oxide can be used, and thus a highly durable material can be used.
- an inorganic material may be an oxide, nitride, sulfide, metal or the like, or various alloys. Further, the above substances may be combined at an arbitrary ratio.
- the form of the composite may be non-uniformly joined in the form of Janus particles, a core-shell form, or one in which two or more (fine) particles are dispersed inside one particle.
- porous materials having any metal or metal oxide can be used.
- electrochemical techniques such as electrodeposition
- metal oxides metal oxides
- a sol-gel reaction or the like can be used.
- the chemical property can be changed by surface-modifying the porous material.
- any surface modification may be applied to the porous material as necessary.
- the surface may be modified with an amino group, an alkyl group or the like.
- porous material to an inorganic material.
- organic materials organic materials, inorganic-organic hybrid materials, metal-organic structures, and materials incorporating self-organized surfactant micelles in the structure
- Any component such as a material such as a fiber reinforced plastic in which fibers made of glass or carbon are dispersed in a plastic, a carbon material, a biological material such as a biological component, or the like can be used. If this kind of material is illustrated in a non-limiting manner, the organic material has a polymerizable functional group such as a double bond in the structure as a main chain, and various substituents in the side chain. Good.
- polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polydivinylbenzene, polyisopropylacrylamide, and the like may be used.
- Porphyrin which is an organic compound having a porphyrin ring structure can be used.
- transduced into the porphyrin ring and the complex compound which has transition metals may be sufficient.
- an inorganic-organic hybrid in which the inorganic material and the organic material are combined at an arbitrary ratio can also be used.
- this composite is the same as the composite in the inorganic material, such as non-uniformly joined Janus particles, core-shells, one in which two or more (fine) particles are dispersed inside one particle, etc. It may be.
- a metal organic structure in which an arbitrary metal element and an organic compound form a periodic structure can also be used.
- MOF examples include HKUST-1, IRMOF (IRMOF-1 etc.), MOF (MOF-5 etc.), ZIF (ZIF-7, ZIF-8, ZIF-71 etc.), UIO (UIO-66 etc.),
- MILs such as MIL-101
- MIL-101 MIL-101
- incorporating self-assembled surfactant micelles into the structure include those in which a cationic surfactant is incorporated into the silica skeleton and those in which a block copolymer is incorporated into the metal skeleton. And so on.
- the carbon material may be a group of substances having a skeleton of sp2 carbon atoms, such as graphene / graphite, carbon nanotube, fullerene, etc., and chemical modifications such as those in which they are oxidized and those into which substituents are introduced. May be given.
- Biomaterials may be peptides, proteins, sugars, lipids, and the like, including enzymes that are based on proteins.
- an inorganic material such as hydroxyapatite and a protein such as collagen may be combined in such a manner that the latter is adsorbed on the former surface, for example.
- the average pore diameter of the porous material is 0.1 nm (from 0.05 nm in the case of trying to exert a sieving function (described later) regarding detection of extremely small molecules) to 1 mm.
- the upper limit of the pore diameter is preferably 100 ⁇ m. More preferably, it is 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 500 nm.
- the pore size can be easily controlled from about 1 nm to about 500 nm, but is not limited thereto.
- the pore size can be adjusted in any way. In the case of a macropore region (pore size of 100 nm or more), colloidal beads may be used.
- the structure can be controlled from a disordered porous structure to a regular structure (specifically, hexagonal structure, lamellar structure, Cubic structure, etc.).
- the type of sensor such as a surface stress sensor that covers the porous material is not particularly limited, and any sensor may be used.
- a membrane surface stress sensor or a cantilever sensor can be preferably used.
- the raw material of the desired porous material is placed on the sensor surface by ink jet, spray, dip, etc., and in that case, the porous material is formed on the surface.
- any method may be used, such as covering by applying or spraying a thin layer or powder of a porous material already produced on the sensor surface.
- Another layer such as a layer for improving adhesion may be sandwiched between the surface of the surface stress sensor main body and the porous material receptor layer.
- the receptor layer may have a layer structure. Such a configuration can contribute to an improvement in sensitivity, for example.
- a sensor such as a surface stress sensor coated with the porous material may be measured in any environment such as in air, liquid, or vacuum.
- the specific surface area of the porous material is extremely large, the area on which the measurement target substance can be adsorbed by using the porous material for the receptor layer increases accordingly, and the surface that is effectively applied to the surface stress sensor element Stress also increases.
- the rigidity of the porous material is smaller than that of the material without pores, the rigidity of the detection portion of the surface stress sensor that generates a measurement signal due to mechanical deformation due to the application of surface stress can be kept low. Therefore, the output signal strength can be increased.
- the surface stress sensor essentially detects mechanical deformation, and the detection surface is provided on a member such as a film or a thin plate that is easily deformed with a slight force.
- the pore size of the porous material is extremely small.
- the molecules and clusters of substances adsorbed by the receptor layer have a certain size for each type of substance
- by adjusting the pore size of the porous receptor layer to function as a sieve It is possible to improve the selectivity for a desired substance.
- the pore size is mainly set to 1 nm or less when adapting to such small size molecules. There is a need.
- the pore diameter controllable up to 0.05 nm or 0.1 nm high selectivity for a wide range of molecules can be achieved in molecular detection utilizing the sieving function.
- the particulate material may be of any size, shape, composition and structure.
- the size if the particle size is 1 mm or less, the influence of intermolecular force is larger than that of gravity and the like, and thus the adhesive force becomes strong. More preferably, it is 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, and still more preferably 100 nm or less.
- the particle size is not limited as long as it is bonded to the surface of the sensor body by some interaction, but it is important in one aspect that the particles are not easily detached from the surface of the sensor body.
- the change in physical parameters caused by the particulate material coated on the sensor surface being desorbed by the adsorption of the detection target substance may be detected.
- Non-Patent Document 3 analysis results show that nanoparticles once tend to adhere to the surface, and thus are less likely to fall off. Therefore, when nanoparticles are used as the granular material, there are many cases where it is not necessary to take measures to increase the adhesion force, although it depends on the nature of the sensor body surface, the usage environment, and other required specifications for the sensor. On the contrary, when the particle size is large, it is often desirable that a bond is formed by chemical modification or the like on the surface of the particle and the sensor body.
- the particle shape may be isotropic or anisotropic.
- the substance constituting the particles may be composed of a simple substance such as a metal, or a compound such as an oxide or sulfide, a bio-related material such as a polymer, an inorganic-organic hybrid, or a protein.
- the particle structure may be a dense structure, a sparse structure such as a porous or hollow structure, or a core-shell type structure.
- an arbitrary surface modifying group can be appropriately fixed on the surface of the granular material according to the substance to be detected. Specifically, in addition to a silane coupling agent, a molecule having a thiol group, phosphonic acid, and the like, it may be combined with a polymer or a bio-related molecule.
- the granular material may be synthesized by any method. Specifically, from precipitation reactions in homogeneous solutions and reactions in pseudo-homogeneous systems using emulsions to gas phase reactions using spray drying and thermal decomposition, and solid phase reactions such as ball milling, in particular. It is not limited.
- An example of a sensor body covered with a granular material receptor layer is a surface stress sensor, but the shape, material, size, etc. thereof are not particularly limited, and any object can be used.
- a flaky member supported at one place or a plurality of places can be preferably exemplified.
- various forms such as a flaky object or a film body supported at two or more places such as a double-supported beam can be adopted.
- the granular material receptor is coated to achieve the same effect as described above. be able to.
- the method for coating the particulate material receptor on the sensor surface is not particularly limited, such as dip coating, spray coating, spin coating, inkjet spotting, casting, and coating using a doctor blade.
- the particulate material is modified with a specific surface modifying group to adsorb the desired analyte molecule, improve the adsorption efficiency, or increase the selectivity of the adsorbed substance. Performance can also be improved.
- the modification with the surface modifying group aims to improve the durability and environment resistance of the granular material sensor, such as the purpose not directly related to the adsorption of the analyte molecule, for example, the binding property between the particles and the adhesion to the substrate. Can also be done for.
- the surface of the granular material may be modified so that a plurality of types of surface modifying groups are mixed at the nanometer level.
- a gap is formed between the individual particles forming the granular body in the process of collecting the particles and forming the receptor layer. Most of the gaps become porous, so in most cases it is porous.
- a receptor layer is not only a receptor layer formed by a granular material coating, but also a receptor layer formed by a coating of a porous body in which particles are accumulated. Accordingly, the features described herein for the porous material receptor layer apply directly to the granular material receptor layer, except where clearly different. Conversely, it should be noted that the receptor layer formed by the particulate material coating also has the characteristics described for the porous material-coated receptor layer as long as it is porous.
- the receptor layer formed by coating a granular material made of a porous material is a porous material receptor layer as long as the pores on the surface of the receptor layer are not blocked. It is self-evident that it combines the features of both a particulate material receptor layer and a particulate material receptor layer.
- the granular material receptor layer is not porous, since the diameter of the particles constituting the granular body is extremely small, there are pores between the particles left in the process of accumulation.
- the particles When it is smaller than the size of the molecule assumed as the detection target and does not function as a porous material for the detection target, the particles have a plate shape with an extremely large aspect ratio, and the receptor layer Since most of the surface is covered with this flat plate, if the pores formed inside cannot open the surface of the receptor layer, the particles cover the surface of the sensor body only at a very low density. If there is a gap in the shape that cannot be said to be a “hole”, even if there is a hole inside the receptor layer, for some reason, If you are unable to reach an internal of the hole, and the like.
- the sensitivity of the sensor depends on the film thickness of the receptor layer
- the sensitivity can be controlled by laminating a porous material or a granular material by any method and controlling the film thickness.
- the area that can be adsorbed by the measurement target can be controlled.
- the specific surface area can be controlled by changing the pore diameter or granular material size of the porous material to be laminated.
- a space (path) for allowing the measurement object to access the inside of the receptor layer can be secured.
- the pores provide such a path when using a porous material.
- the size of the void formed in the granular material can be controlled by changing the size of the granular material to be laminated.
- a porous material or a granular material is used as the receptor layer, many degrees of freedom other than the substance used for the receptor layer are given. Specifically, a suitable porous material or granular material composition, type of surface modifying group, or a combination of a plurality of types of porous materials or granular materials can be selected according to the measurement object.
- a porous material or granular material having the required hydrophilicity / hydrophobicity, heat resistance, chemical resistance and the like can be selected according to the measurement environment. That is, a material having a wider range of properties can be selected by attaching a porous material or a granular material as compared with a configuration in which the sensor surface is coated with a uniform layer as in the prior art.
- the porous material or the particulate material such as nanoparticles in the present invention can realize various properties with only one kind of base material by allowing a plurality of different modifying groups to coexist on the surface.
- modifying groups can be appropriately selected as necessary.
- silica titania hybrid particles are used as particles, and the surface thereof is alkyl group and amino group. It is modified with a group.
- the longest modifying group present on the nanoparticle surface is an alkyl group, and therefore macroscopically becomes hydrophobic.
- an amino group exists microscopically, these also contribute to adsorption.
- the alkyl group modification density is very sparse, or a chain with a chain length longer than the alkyl group is added. As long as there is not, the macroscopic property does not change, so it is not necessary to examine the coating conditions each time. For the reasons described above, it is possible to set and select the analyte molecules adsorbed by the receptor layer and the properties of the receptor layer almost independently of each other without special treatment.
- the modifying group in the case of the porous material receptor layer is basically the same as above.
- the inner surface area (the surface area of the pores inside the material) may be much larger than the outer surface area (the area of the macroscopic surface of the material).
- the porous film in Example 1 described below is a film having a sponge-like structure fixed to the sensor surface. This sponge structure has an overly large internal surface area, while its external surface area is small.
- there are relatively many modifying groups in the interior so that there is a shortage of modifying groups exposed on the outer surface, which may reduce the effect.
- the macroscopic hydrophobicity mentioned above is considered to be determined by the outer surface rather than inside the pores, the above-described effect may not be sufficiently exhibited depending on the coating density of the modifying group.
- Example 2 Since various inorganic porous or inorganic particles can be used as the receptor layer material, it is possible to impart high heat resistance to the receptor layer. Thereby, various substances can be detected with high sensitivity at high temperatures using various sensors such as a surface stress sensor. For example, a sensor that can operate at a high temperature of 250 ° C. is required when performing reflow soldering and performing measurement in the vicinity of molten solder.
- a sensor that can operate at a high temperature of 250 ° C. is required when performing reflow soldering and performing measurement in the vicinity of molten solder.
- an MSS coated with an aminopropyl group and octadecyl group modified silica titania hybrid particulate material given in Example 2 below uses a silica titania hybrid material as the particle, although the modifying group is organic. Therefore, it can endure to a considerably high temperature and operates sufficiently even at 250 ° C. When no modifying group is used in the receptor layer, higher heat resistance can be easily realized.
- MSS having a porous material receptor layer formed by coating mesoporous silica using spray coating the film type surface stress sensor (MSS) described above is taken as an example of the surface stress sensor, and the effect when a mesoporous material having a pore diameter of several nanometers to several tens of nanometers as a porous material is coated as a receptor is described. To do.
- a mesoporous silica thin film was used as the porous material.
- a precursor solution comprising an organic template (surfactant / block copolymer), a silica source, and an organic solvent is prepared, and the precursor The solution was applied on the substrate.
- the surfactant / block copolymer self-assembled and a silica skeleton formed around it.
- the mold was removed by firing, and the desired mesoporous silica was obtained.
- the pore diameter of the porous silica can be controlled by the size of the organic template (surfactant / block copolymer), and can be controlled from about 2 nm to about 100 nm.
- mesoporous silica having an average pore diameter of 35 nm whose SEM image is shown in FIG. 1 was used.
- FIG. 2 shows the measurement of various gases using MSS in which a porous material receptor layer is formed by coating the mesoporous silica described above and showing the SEM image in FIG. 1 by spray coating.
- a gas introduction Teflon (registered trademark) tube is connected to a 2 ml vial containing about 1 ml of solutions corresponding to various gases listed in FIG. 4, and dry nitrogen gas is used as a carrier gas at a flow rate of 100 ml / min.
- the solution was introduced into a chamber in which a sensor chip coated with mesoporous silica was installed for 10 seconds together with saturated vapor in the headspace of the vial. Thereafter, dry nitrogen gas was introduced for 10 seconds.
- 3 (a) and 3 (b) show the changes in film shape and signal when the above-described mesoporous silica-coated MSS is immersed in liquid water and ethanol. More specifically, the signal before immersion is obtained under the same conditions as described above, with the gas being measured by alternately flowing saturated vapor of octane and dry nitrogen at a flow rate of 100 ml / min for 30 seconds. It is a thing. Water was allowed to flow through the sealed chamber in which the sensor chip was installed for about 1 minute, followed by ethanol for about 1 minute. All these operations were performed at room temperature. Thereafter, measurement was performed again under the same conditions as before immersion to obtain a signal. Thereby, it was confirmed that the appearance of the film shape on the MSS hardly changed before and after the immersion, and that the immersion in these liquids hardly affected the signal of the measurement result.
- Example 2 MSS Coated with Aminopropyl Group and Octadecyl Group Modified Silica Titania Hybrid Granular Material
- a granular material produced by the following method usually has a diameter of several nanometers to several hundred nanometers. Therefore, in this example, the used granular material is expressed as “nanoparticles”.
- the granular material in the present invention is not limited to the nanometer level in diameter.
- the nanoparticles are co-hydrolysis and condensation polymerization reaction of aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) in an ammonia-based isopropanol (IPA) aqueous solution in which octadecylamine (ODA) is dissolved.
- APTES aminopropyltriethoxysilane
- TTIP titanium tetraisopropoxide
- IPA ammonia-based isopropanol
- ODA octadecylamine
- solution 1 APTES / IPA
- solution 2 H 2 O / IPA / ammonia
- solution 3 TTIP / IPA
- solution 4 H 2 O / IPA.
- the precursor solution was simultaneously sent at a constant speed by a syringe pump.
- Solution 1 and solution 2, solution 3 and solution 4 were mixed in a parallel microreactor, and the discharge liquid from both reactors was mixed in another microreactor to obtain one reaction solution.
- the reaction solution was discharged into a separately prepared precursor solution 5: ODA / H 2 O / IPA and stirred at a constant speed until the end of the discharge. Then, it left still at room temperature and obtained the said nanoparticle dispersion liquid.
- the nanoparticle image observed by SEM is shown in FIG.
- a sensor chip comprising a sensor body using a spray coater immediately after the particle concentration is adjusted to 1 g / L by mixing the nanoparticle dispersion with a certain amount of water, and the particles are dispersed by ultrasonic irradiation. Sprayed on top.
- a piezoresistive MSS having a film type structure proposed in Patent Document 1 was used.
- FIG. 6 shows an optical microscope image of the MSS coated with nanoparticles prepared in this example. By comparing with before coating, it can be confirmed that the entire membrane structure is coated.
- PVP (1 g / L solution) which is an example of a general-purpose polymer
- a piezoresistive MSS having the same structure using the same spray coater, and the measurement results are also shown in FIG. Show.
- a signal of about 7 to 8 mV was obtained with the MSS with the receptor layer of the example, but a signal of about 6 mV was obtained with the MSS of the PVP coating to be compared.
- the signal intensity decreased in the MSS of the example and was about 3 mV, but the PVP-coated MSS gave an output slightly lower than 6 mV.
- Example 3 Sensitivity enhancement by laminating aminopropyl group and octadecyl group-modified silica titania hybrid nanoparticles So that the same concentration of nanoparticles as used in Example 2 is 1 g / L And used to coat MSS. Eight types of compounds were measured in the same manner as in Example 2 using MSS in which coating was performed five times with a spray coater and the thickness of the receptor layer was increased. The measurement results are shown in FIG.
- Example 2 The tendency of the response characteristics with respect to a compound that is easily soluble or hardly soluble in water was the same as in Example 2.
- the absolute value of sensitivity to water and water-soluble compounds increased by about 5 times.
- Example 4 Use of MSS with receptor layer coated with aminopropyl group and octadecyl group-modified silica titania hybrid nanoparticles in liquid
- the MSS with nanoparticle-coated receptor layer prepared in Example 2 was immersed in water for several seconds. Then, after lifting and drying, the above eight kinds of compounds were measured again. First, optical microscope images before and after immersion in water are shown in FIG. For comparison, an example of MSS coated with PVP is also shown. In the case of PVP, it is understood that PVP is completely dissolved after being immersed in water. On the other hand, in the case of the nanoparticle-coated MSS, the state of the MSS does not change at all before and after the immersion, and it can be confirmed that the receptor layer is completely retained at the visual level.
- the sensor body when the sensor body was coated, it was sprayed with a suspension in which nanoparticles were dispersed. No strong granular material receptor layer was obtained.
- attractive forces that can occur between particles include intermolecular forces and electrostatic attractive forces.
- intermolecular forces when intermolecular forces are taken up, they increase in inverse proportion to the square of the particle radius, so the smaller the particles, the stronger Adhere to. Therefore, as already mentioned, the nanoparticles can be deposited once on the surface without any special treatment during the deposition or the use of other substances that aid in the deposition, such as a binder. Then, it adheres firmly on the surface and does not fall off easily. Of course, this does not prevent the use of any means for further improving the adhesion strength.
- FIG. 10 measurement results of 8 kinds of compounds are shown in FIG. 10 and FIG.
- a signal similar to that before immersion in water was obtained for a compound that was hardly soluble in water.
- the sensitivity increased about twice as much for water and water-soluble compounds. This is presumably because excess ODA that had been nano-particles was washed away by immersion in water, and more analyte molecules could be adsorbed.
- FIG. 11 in the case of PVP-coated MSS, as can be confirmed also in FIG. 9, the PVP receptor layer is dissolved in water by immersion in water, and hardly remains on the MSS surface. Almost no signal was confirmed for all compounds.
- the bulk water in the liquid state is repelled, but the water vapor (in other words, water molecules dispersed in the gas and not the bulk water) is adsorbed.
- the chain length of the octadecyl group and aminopropyl group is about several to 1 nm, for example, the above-mentioned nanoparticle-coated MSS is placed in water in which molecules (proteins, etc.) having affinity with amino groups are dissolved.
- adsorption can be performed so as to selectively extract only the analyte molecules from the water. From the above, it can be seen that not only in-air measurement but also in-liquid measurement unprecedented so far, such as directly measuring the concentration of various gases in blood, can be realized.
- the distance from the bulk water is expected to be less than 1 nm. Therefore, the dissolved molecule in the liquid can be detected by drawing it into the pocket. In other words, a kind of aerial measurement is performed in the liquid.
- this measurement method uses a porous material. It should be noted that although it can basically be realized with the above receptor layer, it may not function sufficiently depending on the porous structure.
- gas measurement in liquid is a material having a property of transmitting gas molecules but not liquid molecules (for example, two-dimensionally used for removing dissolved gas in liquids).
- the sensor element is wrapped so that a gas atmosphere corresponding to the “pocket” as described above is formed around the sensor element. It can also be realized by making a structure. By doing so, the sensor element can detect the gas component dissolved in the liquid sample without touching the liquid sample.
- any material that can be used for measurement of a gas sample can be used for the receptor layer that covers the sensor element.
- a hydrophilic polymer such as PVP dissolves immediately when immersed in water, and measurement in liquid is impossible. If the principle of “measurement of gas in liquid” is used, measurement in water becomes possible.
- FIG. 14 shows a conceptual diagram of a configuration example for measuring gas in liquid by housing a surface stress sensor in a bag-like hollow fiber membrane.
- an MSS is used as the sensor body, and a surface stress sensor having a receptor layer adapted to the gas molecule to be measured formed on the surface thereof is housed in a bag-like hollow fiber membrane.
- the signal line for carrying the detection signal taken out through the socket to which the MSS is connected is drawn upward as shown in the figure and connected to an A / D converter of a measuring instrument (not shown).
- a hollow fiber membrane bag is attached in a watertight manner near the lower end of the tube that accommodates these signal lines.
- a negative pressure can be applied to the hollow fiber bag through the tube.
- the surface stress sensor is immersed in the liquid sample in a state of being accommodated in the bag of the hollow fiber membrane.
- the hollow fiber membrane does not allow liquid (for example, water) molecules to pass through, certain gas molecules determined by the composition and structure of the membrane are permeated, so that gas molecules dissolved in the liquid sample permeate the hollow fiber membrane.
- the permeation of gas molecules is accelerated by applying a negative pressure to the bag through the tube.
- the volume of the hollow fiber membrane bag that is, the volume of the pocket-like gas atmosphere is reduced by the application of negative pressure due to the pressure difference between the inside and outside.
- This “measurement of gas in liquid” has the following characteristics as compared with the case where a sensor element is installed immediately above a liquid sample and the vapor of the liquid sample is measured. Because the entire gas atmosphere corresponding to the sensor element and the closed “pocket” around it can be immersed in the liquid, measurement in a more stable environment is possible compared to an environment where the fluctuation of the gas atmosphere such as steam is large. Is possible.
- the inside of the hollow fiber membrane, that is, the side where the sensor element is installed is made negative pressure by sucking with another pump or the like, so that it is present in the gas atmosphere corresponding to the “pocket”. Since it is possible to positively extract gas molecules from a liquid sample while reducing the components, more accurate measurement is realized.
- FIG. 14 shows a structure in which the entire surface stress sensor is accommodated in a bag-like film. For example, only the surface of the surface stress sensor (or in addition to the sensor surface) is covered with the film. Thereby, a liquid gas sensor can be comprised compactly.
- the hydrophilic modification group and the hydrophobic modification group can be mixed periodically or almost periodically on the surface of the nanoparticle of this example because the nanoparticle is a silica titania hybrid nanoparticle. This is because a silica portion and a titania portion to which each modifying group is bonded repeatedly appear on the surface.
- a plurality of types of alkoxides may be mixed and reacted in the presence of an organic substance.
- a flow synthesis method as in Example 2 may be used. The flow synthesis method is described in Non-Patent Document 4, for example.
- a periodic mixture of modifying groups can be realized in the same manner.
- the condition for microscopically hydrophilic is that the chain length of the hydrophobic group on the particle, more generally on the surface of the receptor layer, is longer than the hydrophilic group on the particle. Thereby, the bulk water is repelled by the hydrophobic group, but if it is a molecule, the hydrophilic group can also be accessed.
- the same phenomenon can be theoretically realized even on a smooth surface that is not coated with nanoparticles. However, it is actually impossible to coat the surface of a smooth substrate or the like with modification groups having opposite properties such as hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity so as to be mixed at a narrow pitch where the above phenomenon occurs. Have difficulty. Having a plurality of contradictory properties such as hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity at the particle level is also advantageous in terms of ease of realization.
- the function achieved by modifying the particle surface with a plurality of types of surface modifying groups is not limited to the above-described concerted action between the plurality of types of surface modifying groups.
- some of the multiple types of modifying groups can improve detection sensitivity and selectively detect by binding to analyte molecules, and other modifying groups can be attached to the sensor body surface by binding to the sensor surface. It may be one that improves the durability of particle bonding and environmental resistance.
- Example 5 Application to a type of sensor that detects different physical parameters (QCM as an example)
- QCM was coated with nanoparticles by the same procedure as in Example 2, and the above eight types of compounds were measured. Even when QCM is used as the sensor body, the receptor layer covering the surface has almost the same structure as MSS.
- the measurement results are shown in FIG.
- the QCM before nanoparticle coating showed only a resonance frequency change of about 1 to 2 Hz for all the compounds, whereas the nanoparticle coating showed a resonance frequency change several hundred to thousand times. Furthermore, a clearly different signal waveform is shown for each compound, and the compound can be discriminated visually.
- the above eight kinds of compounds were measured using a QCM coated with PVP.
- the result is shown in FIG.
- the resonance frequency change was large at about 50 Hz, and small at about several Hz.
- the resonance frequency of the QCM before coating used this time was about 8,997, 130 Hz, and after the PVP coating, it was 8,991,055 Hz. Therefore, the resonance frequency change accompanying the coating was about 6 kHz.
- the resonant frequency after the nanoparticle coating was 8,960,410 Hz, the change in the resonant frequency accompanying the coating was about 36 kHz.
- the number of nanoparticles present on the surface of the QCM electrode is about 6 times that of PVP in terms of mass.
- the coated receptor If the comparison per unit mass of the body material is performed, it is necessary to multiply the resonance frequency change in the former 6 times. In this case, the resonance frequency change is large and is 300 Hz, but even if this value is compared with the case of nanoparticle coating, it is still about 6 times smaller.
- Example 6 MSS with Metal Organic Structure (MOF) Nanoparticle-Coated Receptor Layer
- MOF Metal Organic Structure
- Various materials other than those described above can be used for the receptor layer.
- MSS having a receptor layer formed of MOF nanoparticles was prepared, and its detection characteristics for various compounds were measured.
- MOF ZIF-7, ZIF-8, and ZIF-71, which show a schematic diagram of the crystal structure in FIG. 15 and an SEM image of the nanoparticles, were used.
- the manufacturing methods of these MOF nanoparticles are well-known matters as described in Non-Patent Documents 5 to 7, but will be briefly described below.
- the centrifugation / washing process was repeated two more times. Half of the resulting suspension was reserved for separate use and the remaining half was dried (at 90 ° C. for 2 to 3 hours in air, followed by vacuuming in vacuum) Dried at 180 ° C. overnight) to obtain 38 mg of a pale yellow solid (35% yield based on Zn).
- Each of these three types of MOF nanoparticles is coated on MSS, and each of the nine types of compounds, specifically water (H 2 O), formalin (HCHOaq), ethanol (EtOH), isopropanol (IPA), acetone (
- H 2 O water
- HCHOaq formalin
- EtOH ethanol
- IPA isopropanol
- acetone The time change of the detection output from the MSS when the vapors of Acetone, Hexane, Heptane, Benzene, and Toluene are intermittently given in a predetermined cycle is the same as in Example 2. Measured by the method. Note that the method used to coat ZIF-7, ZIF-8 and ZIF-71 on MSS was not the same, so the thickness of the receptor layer was different for different types of MOF. Therefore, the absolute values of the detection characteristics between different MOFs cannot be compared.
- the detection characteristics when the same MOF is used can be compared. Furthermore, the tendency of detection characteristics when the sample substance is changed can be compared between different MOFs.
- the detection outputs when the receptor layer is ZIF-7, ZIF-8, and ZIF-71 are shown in FIGS. 16A and 16B, FIGS. 17A and 17B, and FIGS. 18A and 18B, respectively.
- FIG. 19 shows a graph in which the peak value of the time variation of the detection output obtained in this way (specifically, the detection output at 30 seconds after the start of introduction of the sample gas) is plotted.
- these peak values are normalized with the maximum peak value for each MOF nanoparticle. From this graph, the approximate affinity of each MOF for polar and nonpolar compounds can be estimated.
- Example 7 MSS with Receptor Layer Combining Graphene Oxide (GO) and Porphyrin
- a receptor layer formed by combining porphyrin with graphene oxide (GO) was formed on an MSS, and detection outputs for various compounds were measured.
- Porphyrin has the chemical structural formula T (3,5-DHP) P (5,10,15,20-tetrakis (3 ′, 5′-dihydroxyphenyl) porphyrin, Por-OH) and chemical structural formula shown in FIG. Zn-T (3,5-DHP) P (3 ', 5'-dihydroxyphenyl) porphinatozinc (II), Zn-Por-OH) shown in FIG. 24 was used.
- GO is known to be easily porous.
- the receptor layer of this example has a structure in which porphyrin (Por-OH, Zn-Por-OH) is placed in such a porous GO network.
- porphyrin Por-OH, Zn-Por-OH
- SEM image SEM image mentioned below, a small amount spin-coated on the Si substrate is observed so that each sheet can be clearly seen, but the one placed on the sensor film is as in Non-Patent Document 8. It is thought that a porous network is formed.
- the mixed solutions (1) to (3) were respectively formed on the MSS by ink jetting to prepare MSS Ch1 to Ch3 with a receptor layer.
- the GO aqueous solution 250 shots are jetted onto the MSS for comparison.
- MSS Ch4 with a receptor layer was produced.
- 22A and 22B are micrographs of the front surface (side on which ink jetting has been performed) and the back surface (side opposite to the surface on which ink jetting has been performed) of the MSS Ch1 to Ch4 thus manufactured. Respectively.
- the mixed solutions (1 ′) to (3 ′) were formed on the MSS by ink jetting to prepare MSS Ch1 to Ch3 with a receptor layer.
- Ch1 Mixed solution (1 ′) shot 250 shots
- Ch2 Mixed solution (2 ′) shot 250 shots
- Ch3 Mixed solution (3 ′) shot 750 shots
- GO aqueous solution 250 shots on MSS for comparison MSS Ch4 with a receptor layer was produced by spraying.
- 26A and 26B are micrographs of the front surface (side on which ink jetting has been performed) and the back surface (the side opposite to the surface on which ink jetting has been performed) of MSS Ch1 to Ch4 thus fabricated. Respectively.
- FIG. 27 shows a graph of measurement results for AcOEt.
- this measurement was also performed on the same conditions as Example 6 which is an immediately preceding example.
- each measured value is normalized with the measured value of water for each of MSS Ch1 to Ch4.
- the detection output of Ch1 to Ch3 having a receptor layer in which Por-OH is combined with GO is compared with the detection output of Ch4 having a receptor layer composed only of GO, the GO— It can be seen that when Por-OH is combined, the selectivity to water is higher than when only GO is used (the detection output to a compound other than water is smaller on the graph).
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Abstract
Description
ここで、前記多孔質材料または粒状材料は無機物質からなってよい。
また、前記無機物質はシリカであってよい。
また、前記多孔質材料または粒状材料は平均孔径が1mm以下の多孔質材料であってよい。
また、前記多孔質材料の平均孔径は0.1nm以上500nm以下であってよい。
また、前記シリカはメソポーラスシリカであってよい。
また、前記多孔質材料または粒状材料は無機材料、有機材料、無機有機ハイブリッド材料、金属有機構造体、自己組織化した界面活性剤ミセルを構造中に取り込んだ材料、繊維がプラスチック中に分散した材料、炭素材料、及び生体材料からなる群から選択されてよい。
また、前記無機材料は酸化物、窒化物、硫化物、金属、金からなる群から選択される一もしくは複数の材料、または前記群から選択される複数の材料を任意の割合で複合化したものを含む無機物であり、前記有機材料は重合可能な官能基を主鎖として構造中に有し、側鎖に置換基を有する有機物であり、前記無機有機ハイブリッド材料は前記無機材料と有機材料とが任意の割合で複合化したものである無機有機ハイブリッドからなる群から選択され、前記金属有機構造体は、HKUST-1、IRMOF、MOF、ZIF、UIO、及びMILからなる群から選択され、前記自己組織化した界面活性剤ミセルを構造中に取り込んだ材料は、シリカ骨格中に陽イオン性界面活性剤が取り込まれた材料、及び金属骨格中にブロックコポリマーが取り込まれた材料からなる群から選択され、繊維がプラスチック中に分散した材料は、繊維強化プラスチックであり、前記炭素材料は、sp2炭素原子を骨格とする物質であり、前記生体材料はペプチド、タンパク質、酵素、糖、脂質、及びタンパク質から選択される材料またはペプチド、タンパク質、酵素、糖、脂質、及びタンパク質から選択される材料と前記無機材料との複合体であってよい。
また、前記無機材料及び前記無機有機ハイブリッド材料の少なくとも一方における前記複合化は、ヤヌス粒子状に不均一接合した形態、コアシェル状の形態、及び一方の粒子内部に他方の粒子が複数個分散した形態からなる群から選択される形態であってよい。
また、前記有機物は、ポリスチレン、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリジビニルベンゼン、ポリイソプロピルアクリルアミド、ポルフィリン、ポルフィリン環に置換基が導入された化合物、および遷移金属を有するポルフィリン金属錯体化合物からなる群から選択されてよい。
また、前記多孔質材料または粒状材料の表面を、単一種類のまたは複数種類の表面修飾基で修飾してよい。
また、前記表面修飾基のうちの少なくとも一種類の表面修飾基は、前記検体分子を吸着してよい。
また、前記複数種類の表面修飾基中、第1の表面修飾基は疎水性の表面修飾基であり、前記複数種類の表面修飾基中、前記第1の表面修飾基と異なる第2の表面修飾基は、親水性であるとともに前記第1の表面修飾基より短い表面修飾基であり、もって、前記受容体層の表面を巨視的には疎水性であるが、微視的には親水性としてよい。
また、前記第2の表面修飾基はアミノプロピル基であり、前記第1の表面修飾基はアミノプロピル基よりも鎖長の長いアルキル基であってよい。
また、前記多孔質材料または粒状材料の表面に複数種類の物質が繰り返し出現し、前記複数種類の物質はそれぞれ互いに異なる種類の前記表面修飾基により修飾されてよい。
また、前記複数種類の物質は少なくともチタニアおよびシリカであってよい。
また、前記多孔質材料または粒状材料はナノ粒子であってよい。
また、前記物理パラメータは表面応力、応力、力、表面張力、圧力、質量、弾性、ヤング率、ポアソン比、共振周波数、周波数、体積、厚み、粘度、密度、磁力、磁気量、磁場、磁束、磁束密度、電気抵抗、電気量、誘電率、電力、電界、電荷、電流、電圧、電位、移動度、静電エネルギー、キャパシタンス、インダクタンス、リアクタンス、サセプタンス、アドミッタンス、インピーダンス、コンダクタンス、プラズモン、屈折率、光度および温度から選択された少なくとも一であってよい。
また、前記センサ本体は表面応力センサまたはQCMであってよい。
また、物理パラメータを検出するタイプのセンサ本体の表面上で前記多孔質材料をその場合成してよい。
本発明の他の側面によれば、センサと、前記センサを覆うとともに、液体の分子は透過しないが、少なくとも一部の気体の分子は透過する膜とを設け、前記センサのセンサ表面と前記膜との間に空隙が形成されてよい。
ここで、前記膜は中空糸膜または半透膜であってよい。
また、前記空隙に陰圧を印加する手段を有してよい。
受容体層に使用する多孔質材料は、いかなるサイズ、形状、組成および構造のものであってもよい。組成としては、例えば酸化シリコンなどの無機材料を利用することができ、従って耐久性の高い材料を利用することが可能である。
本発明における受容体材料として粒状材料を使用する場合も、[多孔質材料受容体層]のセクション冒頭の段落に記載した一般的説明および具体例がそのまま当てはまる。また、当該粒状材料はいかなるサイズ、形状、組成および構造のものであってもよい。サイズについては、粒径が1mm以下であれば、重力等に比べて分子間力の影響が大きいため付着力が強くなり好ましい。更に好ましくは100μm以下、更に好ましくは1μm以下、更に好ましくは100nm以下が好ましい。いずれにせよ、センサ本体表面と何らかの相互作用により結合している限りにおいては、粒子サイズは問わないが、粒子がセンサ本体表面から容易に脱離しないことが一側面では重要である。もう一つの側面では、検知対象物質が吸着することによって、センサ表面に被覆されている粒状材料が脱離し、その際に引き起こされる物理パラメータの変化を検出してもよい。
以下では表面応力センサとして上述の膜型表面応力センサ(MSS)を例に挙げ、多孔質材料として数ナノメートルから数十ナノメートルの孔径を有するメソポーラス材料を受容体として被覆した際の効果を説明する。
以下では、上記粒状材料を用いた受容体層作製と測定の一実施例について説明する。一般的に、以下の方法で作製される粒状材料は、通常はその直径が数ナノメートルから数百ナノメートルとなる。従って、本実施例では、使用した粒状材料を「ナノ粒子」と表記する。しかし、本発明における粒状材料は、直径がナノメートルレベルに限定されるものではない。
実施例2で使用したものと同じナノ粒子を、その分散液の濃度が1g/Lとなるように調製し、MSSへの被覆に用いた。スプレーコーターにより5回連続して被覆を行い、受容体層膜厚を増加したMSSを用いて、実施例2と同様、8種類の化合物を測定した。その測定結果を図8に示す。
実施例2で作製した上記ナノ粒子被覆受容体層付きMSSを水に数秒間浸漬した後、引き上げ、乾燥させてから、再度上記8種類の化合物の測定を行った。まず、水に浸漬前後の光学顕微鏡像を図9に示す。比較として、PVPを被覆したMSSの例も併せて示す。PVPの場合、水に浸漬した後はPVPが完全に溶解してしまっていることが分かる。一方、ナノ粒子被覆MSSの場合、浸漬前後でMSSの様子は全く変化しておらず、目視レベルで受容体層が完全に保持されていることが確認できる。
実施例5では実施例2と同様の手順によりQCMをナノ粒子により被覆し、上記8種類の化合物の測定に供した。センサ本体としてQCMを使用した場合でも、その表面を被覆する受容体層はMSSとほぼ同じ構造を有する。その測定結果を図12に示す。ナノ粒子被覆前のQCMは全ての化合物に対して1~2Hz程度の共振周波数変化しか示さないのに対し、ナノ粒子被覆後はその数百~千倍もの共振周波数変化を示した。さらには、それぞれの化合物に対して明らかに異なるシグナル波形を示しており、目視により化合物を判別することも可能である。
受容体層には上述したもの以外の多様な材料を使用できる。そのような他の材料の例としてMOFナノ粒子で形成した受容体層を有するMSSを作製して、各種の化合物に対するその検出特性を測定した。MOFとしては図15に結晶構造模式図及びナノ粒子のSEM像を示すZIF-7、ZIF-8及びZIF-71を使用した。これらのMOFナノ粒子の製造方法はそれぞれ非特許文献5~7で説明されているように良く知られている事項であるが、以下で簡単に説明する。
非特許文献5に基づいて以下のようにしてこのナノ粒子を合成した。先ず、硝酸亜鉛六水和物(302mg、1.02mmol)をN,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(10mL)中に溶解し、これをベンズイミダゾール(769mg、6.4mmol)のN,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(10mL)溶液中に室温で攪拌しながら急速に注ぎ込んだ。攪拌を12時間継続した後、乳白色の懸濁液を15000×gで30分間遠心分離した。上澄みを静かに注ぎ出してメタノールで置換し、この混合物を1分間超音波処理して粒子状物質を再分散させた。遠心分離/洗浄処理を更に3回繰り返した。その結果得られた懸濁液の半量は別途使用するために確保しておき、残りの半量を乾燥させて(大気中において60℃で2~3時間、続いて真空中において真空引きを続けながら180℃で一晩乾燥)、黄色がかった白色の固形物を104mg得た(Zn基準で収率71%)。
非特許文献6に基づいて以下のようにしてこのナノ粒子を合成した。先ず、硝酸亜鉛六水和物(297mg、1mmol)をメタノール(20mL)中に溶解し、これを2-メチルイミダゾール(649mg、7.9mmol)のメタノール(20mL)溶液中に攪拌しながら急速に注ぎ込んだ。攪拌を6時間30分継続した後、乳白色の懸濁液を15000×gで1時間遠心分離した。上澄みを静かに注ぎ出して新しいメタノールで置換し、この混合物を5分間超音波処理して粒子状物質を再分散させた。遠心分離/洗浄処理を更に2回繰り返した。その結果得られた懸濁液の半量は別途使用するために確保しておき、残りの半量を乾燥させて(大気中において90℃で2~3時間、続いて真空中において真空引きを続けながら180℃で一晩乾燥)、淡黄色の固形物を38mg得た(Zn基準で収率35%)。
非特許文献6に基づいて以下のようにしてこのナノ粒子を合成した。先ず、無水酢酸亜鉛(220mg、1mmol)をN,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(10mL)中に溶解し、これを4,5-ジクロロイミダゾール(960mg、6mmol)のN,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(10mL)溶液中に室温で攪拌しながら急速に注ぎ込んだ。攪拌を4時間継続した後、乳白色の懸濁液を15000×gで30分間遠心分離した。上澄みを静かに注ぎ出してメタノールで置換し、この混合物を1分間超音波処理して粒子状物質を再分散させた。遠心分離/洗浄処理を更に3回繰り返した。その結果得られた懸濁液の半量は別途使用するために確保しておき、残りの半量を乾燥させて(大気中で60℃、続いて真空引きしながら180℃で一晩乾燥)、灰色がかった白色の固体を104mg得た(Zn基準で収率71%)。その結果得られた懸濁液の半量は別途使用するために確保しておき、残りの半量を乾燥させて(大気中において60℃で2~3時間、続いて真空中において真空引きを続けながら180℃で一晩乾燥)、茶色の粉末を75mg得た(Zn基準で収率46%)。
酸化グラフェン(GO)にポルフィリンを組み合わせることで形成した受容体層をMSS上に成膜して、各種の化合物に対する検出出力を測定した。ポルフィリンとしては化学構造式を図20に示すT(3,5-DHP)P(5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl)porphyrin、Por-OH)及び化学構造式を図24に示すZn-T(3,5-DHP)P(3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl)porphinatozinc(II)、Zn-Por-OH)を使用した。非特許文献8に記載されているように、GOは多孔質になりやすいという性質が知られている。本実施例の受容体層は、そのような多孔質のGOのネットワーク中にポルフィリン(Por-OH、Zn-Por-OH)を載せた構造になっている。以下で言及するSEM像では、シートの一枚一枚がはっきり見えるようにSi基板上で少量をスピンコートしたものを観察しているが、センサ膜上に載せたものは 非特許文献8のような多孔質状のネットワークが形成されていると考えられる。
GO水溶液(約100mg/L)及びPor-OHメタノール溶液(1mM)を準備し、両者の混合比を変えて以下の3種類のPor-OH及びGO混合溶液を作製した。
(1)GO水溶液500μL + Por-OHメタノール溶液10μL
(2)GO水溶液500μL + Por-OHメタノール溶液100μL
(3)GO水溶液500μL + Por-OHメタノール溶液1000μL
混合溶液(1)~(3)をSi基板にスピンコートによって塗布し乾燥させたもののSEM像を図21の丸付き数字1~3にそれぞれ示す。
Ch1:混合溶液(1)を250ショット噴射
Ch2:混合溶液(2)を250ショット噴射
Ch3:混合溶液(3)を750ショット噴射
更に比較対象としてMSS上にGO水溶液をインクジェットで250ショット噴射することにより、受容体層付きMSS Ch4を作製した。このようにして作製されたMSS Ch1~Ch4の表面(インクジェット噴射を行った側)及び裏面(インクジェット噴射を行った面と反対側の面)の顕微鏡写真を図22の(a)及び(b)にそれぞれ示す。
GO水溶液(約100mg/L)及びZn-Por-OHメタノール溶液(1mM)を準備し、両者の混合比を変えて以下の3種類のPor-OH及びGO混合溶液を作製した。
(1’)GO水溶液500μL + Por-OHメタノール溶液10μL
(2’)GO水溶液500μL + Por-OHメタノール溶液100μL
(3’)GO水溶液500μL + Por-OHメタノール溶液1000μL
混合溶液(1’)~(3’)をSi基板にスピンコートにより塗布し乾燥させたもののSEM像を図25の丸付き数字1~3にそれぞれ示す。
Ch1:混合溶液(1’)を250ショット噴射
Ch2:混合溶液(2’)を250ショット噴射
Ch3:混合溶液(3’)を750ショット噴射
更に比較対象としてMSS上にGO水溶液をインクジェットで250ショット噴射することにより、受容体層付きMSS Ch4を作製した。このようにして作製されたMSS Ch1~Ch4の表面(インクジェット噴射を行った側)及び裏面(インクジェット噴射を行った面と反対側の面)の顕微鏡写真を図26の(a)及び(b)にそれぞれ示す。
Claims (23)
- 多孔質材料または粒状材料を、物理パラメータを検出するタイプのセンサ本体上に被覆し、
検体分子を前記多孔質材料または粒状材料が吸着することによる前記物理パラメータの変化により前記検体分子を検出する
センサ。 - 前記多孔質材料または粒状材料は無機物質からなる、請求項1に記載のセンサ。
- 前記無機物質はシリカである、請求項2に記載のセンサ。
- 前記多孔質材料または粒状材料は平均孔径が1mm以下の多孔質材料である、請求項1から3の何れかに記載の表面応力センサ。
- 前記多孔質材料の平均孔径は0.1nm以上500nm以下である、請求項4に記載のセンサ。
- 前記シリカはメソポーラスシリカである、請求項3に記載のセンサ。
- 前記多孔質材料または粒状材料は無機材料、有機材料、無機有機ハイブリッド材料、金属有機構造体、自己組織化した界面活性剤ミセルを構造中に取り込んだ材料、繊維がプラスチック中に分散した材料、炭素材料、及び生体材料からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載のセンサ。
- 前記無機材料は酸化物、窒化物、硫化物、金属、金からなる群から選択される一もしくは複数の材料、または前記群から選択される複数の材料を任意の割合で複合化したものを含む無機物であり、
前記有機材料は重合可能な官能基を主鎖として構造中に有し、側鎖に置換基を有する有機物であり、
前記無機有機ハイブリッド材料は前記無機材料と有機材料とが任意の割合で複合化したものである無機有機ハイブリッドからなる群から選択され、
前記金属有機構造体は、HKUST-1、IRMOF、MOF、ZIF、UIO、及びMILからなる群から選択され、
前記自己組織化した界面活性剤ミセルを構造中に取り込んだ材料は、シリカ骨格中に陽イオン性界面活性剤が取り込まれた材料、及び金属骨格中にブロックコポリマーが取り込まれた材料からなる群から選択され、
繊維がプラスチック中に分散した材料は、繊維強化プラスチックであり、
前記炭素材料は、sp2炭素原子を骨格とする物質であり、
前記生体材料はペプチド、タンパク質、酵素、糖、脂質、及びタンパク質から選択される材料またはペプチド、タンパク質、酵素、糖、脂質、及びタンパク質から選択される材料と前記無機材料との複合体である、
請求項7に記載のセンサ。 - 前記無機材料及び前記無機有機ハイブリッド材料の少なくとも一方における前記複合化は、ヤヌス粒子状に不均一接合した形態、コアシェル状の形態、及び一方の粒子内部に他方の粒子が複数個分散した形態からなる群から選択される形態である、請求項8に記載のセンサ。
- 前記有機物は、ポリスチレン、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリジビニルベンゼン、ポリイソプロピルアクリルアミド、ポルフィリン、ポルフィリン環に置換基が導入された化合物、および遷移金属を有するポルフィリン金属錯体化合物からなる群から選択される、請求項8に記載のセンサ。
- 前記多孔質材料または粒状材料の表面を、単一種類のまたは複数種類の表面修飾基で修飾した、請求項1から10の何れかに記載のセンサ。
- 前記表面修飾基のうちの少なくとも一種類の表面修飾基は、前記検体分子を吸着する、請求項11に記載のセンサ。
- 前記複数種類の表面修飾基中、第1の表面修飾基は疎水性の表面修飾基であり、
前記複数種類の表面修飾基中、前記第1の表面修飾基と異なる第2の表面修飾基は、親水性であるとともに前記第1の表面修飾基より短い表面修飾基であり、
もって、前記受容体層の表面を巨視的には疎水性であるが、微視的には親水性とする、
請求項11または12に記載のセンサ。 - 前記第2の表面修飾基はアミノプロピル基であり、
前記第1の表面修飾基はアミノプロピル基よりも鎖長の長いアルキル基である、
請求項13に記載のセンサ。 - 前記多孔質材料または粒状材料の表面に複数種類の物質が繰り返し出現し、
前記複数種類の物質はそれぞれ互いに異なる種類の前記表面修飾基により修飾される、
請求項11から14の何れかに記載のセンサ。 - 前記複数種類の物質は少なくともチタニアおよびシリカである、請求項15に記載のセンサ。
- 前記多孔質材料または粒状材料はナノ粒子である、請求項1から16の何れかに記載のセンサ。
- 前記物理パラメータは表面応力、応力、力、表面張力、圧力、質量、弾性、ヤング率、ポアソン比、共振周波数、周波数、体積、厚み、粘度、密度、磁力、磁気量、磁場、磁束、磁束密度、電気抵抗、電気量、誘電率、電力、電界、電荷、電流、電圧、電位、移動度、静電エネルギー、キャパシタンス、インダクタンス、リアクタンス、サセプタンス、アドミッタンス、インピーダンス、コンダクタンス、プラズモン、屈折率、光度および温度から選択された少なくとも一である、請求項1から17の何れかに記載のセンサ。
- 前記センサ本体は表面応力センサまたはQCMである、請求項18に記載のセンサ。
- 物理パラメータを検出するタイプのセンサ本体の表面上で前記多孔質材料をその場合成する、請求項1に記載のセンサの製造方法。
- センサと、
前記センサを覆うとともに、液体の分子は透過しないが、少なくとも一部の気体の分子は透過する膜と
を設け、
前記センサのセンサ表面と前記膜との間に空隙が形成される、
液中気体センサ。 - 前記膜は中空糸膜または半透膜である、請求項21に記載の液中気体センサ。
- 前記空隙に陰圧を印加する手段を有する、請求項21または22に記載の液中気体センサ。
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| WO2018079509A1 (ja) * | 2016-10-27 | 2018-05-03 | 国立研究開発法人物質・材料研究機構 | ガスセンサー装置および気体成分除去方法 |
| CN108369218A (zh) * | 2015-12-08 | 2018-08-03 | 国立研究开发法人物质材料研究机构 | 以烃基修饰的微粒为受体层的燃料油识别传感器及燃料油识别方法 |
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| WO2023058539A1 (ja) * | 2021-10-05 | 2023-04-13 | 国立研究開発法人物質・材料研究機構 | 揮発性脂肪酸検出センサー、揮発性脂肪酸検出装置、および揮発性脂肪酸検出センサーの製造方法 |
| JPWO2023058539A1 (ja) * | 2021-10-05 | 2023-04-13 | ||
| JP7687727B2 (ja) | 2021-10-05 | 2025-06-03 | 国立研究開発法人物質・材料研究機構 | 揮発性脂肪酸検出センサー、揮発性脂肪酸検出装置、および揮発性脂肪酸検出センサーの製造方法 |
| JP2023125984A (ja) * | 2022-02-28 | 2023-09-07 | 太陽誘電株式会社 | におい検出素子 |
| JP2024043137A (ja) * | 2022-09-16 | 2024-03-29 | 株式会社東芝 | 分子センサ、分子検出装置及び分子検出方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3208597A4 (en) | 2018-06-06 |
| US10564082B2 (en) | 2020-02-18 |
| CN107407621A (zh) | 2017-11-28 |
| CN107407621B (zh) | 2021-02-09 |
| US20180003604A1 (en) | 2018-01-04 |
| JPWO2016121155A1 (ja) | 2017-08-31 |
| EP3208597A1 (en) | 2017-08-23 |
| EP3208597B1 (en) | 2020-12-23 |
| JP6544744B2 (ja) | 2019-07-17 |
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