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WO2016112747A1 - 一种无均流母线的并联均流装置和控制方法 - Google Patents

一种无均流母线的并联均流装置和控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016112747A1
WO2016112747A1 PCT/CN2015/095550 CN2015095550W WO2016112747A1 WO 2016112747 A1 WO2016112747 A1 WO 2016112747A1 CN 2015095550 W CN2015095550 W CN 2015095550W WO 2016112747 A1 WO2016112747 A1 WO 2016112747A1
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Prior art keywords
current
voltage
power conversion
module
signal
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马海波
邢威
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Itech Electronic Co Ltd
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Itech Electronic Co Ltd
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Priority to US15/100,314 priority Critical patent/US9665110B2/en
Priority to EP15877658.3A priority patent/EP3096445A4/en
Publication of WO2016112747A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016112747A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current 
    • G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/285—Single converters with a plurality of output stages connected in parallel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current 
    • G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC
    • G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0016—Control circuits providing compensation of output voltage deviations using feedforward of disturbance parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0025—Arrangements for modifying reference values, feedback values or error values in the control loop of a converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0083—Converters characterised by their input or output configuration
    • H02M1/009—Converters characterised by their input or output configuration having two or more independently controlled outputs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power supply control system, and more particularly to a parallel current sharing device and a control method for a multi-module non-average bus.
  • the reference reference and the parallel voltage output terminal feedback signal are error-amplified to generate a total control signal.
  • the master control signal is unidirectional and can be transmitted to each submodule as a control reference through a set of differential devices. If the above traditional current sharing control method is adopted, the system needs to use two control buses to realize voltage remote compensation and module current balancing, which undoubtedly increases system complexity and failure rate.
  • the module current signal is integrated into the current bus through a diode or a resistor.
  • the current bus signal is directly transmitted to the input terminal of the module error amplifier.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a parallel current sharing device and a control method without a current sharing busbar, which solves the problem that a conventional parallel current sharing device is provided with a separate current bus, the voltage outer loop and the voltage inner loop double loop circuit are complicated, and the multi-machine parallel dynamic response is slow.
  • the ground loop circulation has poor anti-interference ability, and the design, production and debugging are complicated.
  • the present invention provides a parallel current sharing control method for a current-free bus bar, which is used for implementing parallel current sharing of multiple power conversion sub-modules DC outputs, including a voltage control module and a plurality of power conversion sub-modules, and voltage control.
  • the module and the plurality of power conversion sub-modules output in parallel form a voltage outer loop, and the voltage control module samples the power conversion sub-module in parallel.
  • the terminal voltage signal outputs an output outer loop control signal to each power conversion submodule, and each power conversion submodule receives a voltage outer loop control signal; each power conversion submodule includes its own current inner loop and samples its own current feedback signal to generate a current The loop control signal and the voltage outer loop control signal are superimposed to control the output of each power conversion sub-module.
  • the terminal voltage signal is compared with the voltage setting reference to perform voltage error amplification to generate a voltage outer loop control signal; the voltage outer loop control signal is used as a current error amplification reference of the power conversion submodule, and the current feedback signal output by the power conversion submodule itself Comparing the current error amplification to generate the current inner loop control signal, and the other circuit superimposing with the current inner loop control signal generated by the power conversion sub-module to generate the superposition control signal of the power conversion sub-module, and the superimposed control signal sequentially passes the power conversion sub-module
  • the driving part and the power conversion part control the output voltage regulation and current sharing of each power conversion sub-module.
  • the transmission of the terminal voltage signal and the voltage outer loop control signal is unidirectional and transmitted in a differential manner.
  • the current inner loop bandwidth is smaller than the voltage outer loop bandwidth, and the control loop response speeds of the current inner loop and the voltage outer loop are different.
  • the power conversion sub-module is a switching power supply or a linear power supply, and the signal transmission of the voltage outer loop and the current inner loop is controlled by analog signal control or digital signal.
  • the invention also provides a parallel current sharing control device without current sharing bus bar, which is used for realizing parallel current sharing of DC output of a plurality of power conversion sub-modules, comprising a voltage control module and a plurality of power conversion sub-modules, and a plurality of power conversion sub-modules Parallel, the voltage control module and the plurality of power conversion sub-modules output in parallel form a voltage outer loop, the voltage control module samples the terminal voltage signals output by the plurality of power conversion sub-modules in parallel, and outputs the voltage outer loop control signal to each power conversion sub-module.
  • Each power conversion submodule receives a voltage outer loop control signal; each power conversion submodule includes a current inner loop, and no current busbars are connected between the plurality of current inner loops, and respective current inner loops respectively collect corresponding power conversion submodules thereof
  • the independently output current feedback signal generates a current inner loop control signal, and the current inner loop control signal and the voltage outer loop control signal superimpose to control the output of each power conversion submodule.
  • the voltage control module includes a first differential amplifier, a voltage error amplifier and a differential driver.
  • the first differential amplifier samples the terminal voltage signals outputted in parallel by the plurality of power conversion sub-modules, and is proportionally scaled and connected to the “-” input terminal of the voltage error amplifier.
  • the voltage setting reference is connected to the "+" input terminal of the voltage error amplifier, and the output error amplification signal is differentially outputted to the respective power conversion sub-modules through the differential driver as the voltage outer loop control signal.
  • the current inner loop includes a current amplifier, a current error amplifier, a second differential amplifier, and an adder, and the second differential amplifier samples the extracted voltage outer loop control signal output, wherein one of the outputs is connected to the current error amplifier "+" input as a reference.
  • the other output is connected to the adder; the current through the current amplifier sampling power conversion sub-module is scaled and connected to the current error amplifier "-" input, the current error amplifier output error amplification signal is connected to the adder and the other output signal is sought And the output superposition control signal controls the power conversion sub-module.
  • the voltage control module samples the terminal voltage signals outputted in parallel by the plurality of power conversion submodules in a differential manner, and the output voltage outer loop control signals are input to the second differential amplifiers in a differential manner.
  • the invention combines the separate current bus bar and the voltage bus bar into a voltage outer loop control bus bar, and the control bus bar is unidirectional, which is very suitable for differential mode transmission, so that the system has excellent interference suppression capability; and the power conversion sub-module has no internal voltage.
  • the loop, the voltage control module directly controls the output of each power conversion sub-module, so that the dynamic response of the system is fast; the power conversion submodule
  • the current inner loop in the block forces the positive and negative input pins to be equal, and indirectly adjusts the voltage outer loop output, so that the power conversion sub-modules are evenly flowed; in the application, the current inner loop bandwidth can be taken small, and the voltage outer loop bandwidth is taken high. Thereby, the dynamic response is obtained to obtain the speed of the outer loop of the voltage, and the current sharing of the inner loop of the current is obtained in the steady state.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that a separate current bus bar is not needed, and only one unidirectional control voltage outer ring is needed, and the design, production and debugging of the device circuit are simpler and simpler while realizing the same function of the conventional device, thereby realizing multi-machine parallel dynamics.
  • the response is fast, eliminating the ground loop circulation improves the anti-interference ability of the device, and it is very easy to realize analog control or digitally controlled switching power supply and multi-module parallel current sharing of the linear power supply.
  • FIG. 1 is a control block diagram of a prior art maximum current method requiring a separate current bus
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a multi-module parallel current sharing connection without a separate current bus bar according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a single module parallel current sharing control without a separate current bus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , the embodiment provides a parallel current sharing control device without a current sharing bus bar, including a voltage control module 10 and three power conversion submodules 20 , and the voltage control module 10 includes A first differential amplifier 101, a voltage error amplifier and a differential driver 104, the voltage error amplifier includes a voltage subtractor 102 and a PID regulator 103.
  • the terminal voltage signals of the total output of the three power conversion sub-modules connected in parallel are sampled by the first differential amplifier 101, and the "-" input of the voltage subtractor 102 connected to the voltage outer loop is scaled by a certain ratio, and the voltage setting reference is connected to the voltage subtraction method.
  • the "+" of the device 102 is amplified by the PID regulator 103, and then output to the three power conversion sub-modules through the output of the differential driver 104 as a voltage outer loop control signal, and the input and output of the voltage outer loop control signal are both Differential transmission is used to make the voltage outer loop have a very high common mode rejection ratio, which can effectively suppress noise.
  • Each power conversion sub-module 20 includes a current amplifier 201, a current error amplifier, a second differential amplifier 204, an adder 205, a drive signal conversion module 206, and a power conversion module 207, the current error amplifier including a current subtractor 202 and a PI regulation
  • the device 203 samples the extracted voltage outer loop control signal through the second differential amplifier 204, the voltage outer loop control signal is connected to the input "+" of the current subtractor 202 as a reference, and the other path is connected to the adder 205; power conversion
  • the output current Io of the sub-module 20 is scaled by the current amplifier 201 and then connected to the input "-" of the current subtractor 202.
  • the error signal is amplified by the PI regulator 203.
  • the output signal is connected to the adder 205 and the voltage outer loop control signal is superimposed and summed. Then, the driving signal is outputted by the driving signal conversion module 206, and the power conversion module 207 is driven to perform output control.
  • the superimposed summation signal is generated by the driving signal conversion module 206, and the driving signal conversion module 206 selects according to the type of the power source. If it is a switching power supply, the PWM driving signal is generated by the triangular wave comparison circuit; if it is a linear power supply, it is determined according to the certain
  • the proportional linear control power switching device can be applied to a multi-module parallel switching power supply or a linear power supply to realize module current sharing.
  • the embodiment further provides a parallel current sharing control method for the currentless bus bar, which is used for realizing parallel current sharing of the DC output of the plurality of power conversion submodules, including a voltage control module and three power conversion submodules, and the voltage control module and Three functions of parallel output
  • the rate conversion sub-module constitutes a voltage outer loop
  • the voltage control module samples the terminal voltage signal outputted by the power conversion sub-module in parallel, and outputs an output outer loop control signal to each power conversion sub-module, and each power conversion sub-module receives the voltage outer loop control signal
  • the power conversion sub-module includes its own current inner loop and samples its own current feedback signal generating current inner loop control signal and the voltage outer loop control signal superimposed to control the output of each power conversion sub-module.
  • the terminal voltage signal is compared with the voltage setting reference to perform voltage error amplification to generate a voltage outer loop control signal; the voltage outer loop control signal is used as a current error amplification reference of the power conversion submodule, and the current feedback signal output by the power conversion submodule itself Comparing the current error amplification to generate the current inner loop control signal, and the other circuit superimposing with the current inner loop control signal generated by the power conversion sub-module to generate the superposition control signal of the power conversion sub-module, and the superimposed control signal sequentially passes the power conversion sub-module
  • the driving part and the power conversion part control the output voltage regulation and current sharing of each power conversion sub-module.
  • the transmission of the terminal voltage signal and the voltage outer loop control signal is unidirectional and transmitted in a differential manner.
  • the current inner loop bandwidth is smaller than the voltage outer loop bandwidth, and the control loop response speeds of the current inner loop and the voltage outer loop are different.
  • the working principle of this embodiment is that when one of the power conversion sub-modules has a large current and the other power conversion sub-module has a small current, the reference signals are the same, the current error signal of the module with a large current is small, and the control amount generated by the current loop is small.
  • the module with a small current is the opposite. It is assumed that the current reference signal is greater than the current feedback signals of the two modules, and the output voltage is stable. Because the current error is positive, the current error output is positive and superimposed on the voltage outer loop control amount to increase the output voltage. Big.
  • the voltage outer loop detects an increase in the output voltage and continuously reduces the control amount.
  • the module control amount with a large current starts to decrease.
  • the module current also begins to decrease, and the current control amount of the module with a small current still increases, and the current also increases.
  • the output voltage feedback of the outer loop is still greater than the voltage setting reference.
  • the voltage outer loop still reduces the control amount.
  • the module current with a large current still decreases, and the module current under the current gradually increases.
  • the voltage outer loop control amount increases because The voltage outer loop is faster and quickly stabilizes the output.
  • the current loop reference signal increases, which means that the current error of each module increases, and the current control amount increases.
  • the voltage outer loop reduces the control amount, the module with a large current decreases the current control amount, and the module with a small current increases. The amount of current control is equal until all current loop inputs are equal, eventually recovering current balance.
  • the advantages of using a differential mode to transmit signals are as follows: one is to achieve high-impedance isolation of the input and output, so that there is no ground loop circulation after the modules are connected in parallel, and the signal interference caused by the loop current is solved, and the control is unstable. Second, the output voltage sampling may need to be placed at the far end to compensate for the loss of the line impedance to the output voltage.
  • the sampling signal line must be very long, which will cause the signal line to be highly susceptible to interference; and the differential sampling has excellent common mode rejection capability. Effectively suppress noise.
  • the current signal is scaled by the current amplifier 201, one input is input to the input error of the current error amplifier, and the other is integrated into the current bus through the diode 210.
  • the diode 210 When the current Ui 1 of the module is greater than the I-Bus voltage, the diode 210 is turned on, and the module starts to control the current bus; when the current Ui 1 of the module is less than the I-Bus voltage, the diode 210 is not turned on, and the current error amplifier outputs a signal.
  • the voltage error amplifier includes a subtractor 208 and a PID regulator 209 to increase the reference signal from And the current of this module is increased.
  • the current bus is bidirectional, and the module must be able to transmit signals to the current bus and input the current bus signal, which makes it relatively difficult to use differential transmission signals for conventional current bus current sharing control methods.
  • this embodiment has only one voltage bus and is unidirectional, which makes the system very convenient to transmit signals in a differential manner, thereby improving the anti-interference ability of the system.
  • the second embodiment as shown in FIG. 3, includes a voltage control module and a power conversion sub-module, and the remaining technical solutions are as in the first embodiment.
  • the working principle of this embodiment is that when a module is running, it is assumed that the output voltage is zero and the output current is zero.
  • the voltage control module sets the reference, because the error is large at this time, the voltage outer loop generates a large control amount transmission.
  • the power conversion sub-module 20 is not sensitive to its reference change because the current inner loop is relatively slow.
  • the main function of the control is the voltage outer loop, which causes the output voltage to rise rapidly, and the output voltage is stabilized to the set voltage. .
  • the control of the voltage outer loop is also used as a reference for the current inner loop.
  • the current inner loop error is positive, which generates a positive control signal superimposed on the voltage outer loop by the PI operation.
  • the voltage outer loop detects that the output voltage is greater than the set value, it reduces the control amount to decrease the output voltage, and the reference signal equivalent to the current loop decreases. But at this time, the current loop error is still positive, the output current is further increased, and the voltage outer loop control amount is gradually decreasing, so that the error signal and the control amount of the current loop are gradually reduced, and finally the control amount of the voltage outer loop is equal to the current.
  • the feedback current of the inner loop that is, the voltage outer loop control signal, is equal to the module current signal at steady state.
  • the voltage outer loop rapidly reduces the control amount to reduce the output voltage. It is assumed that the current error amplifier reference signal is still present. If the current feedback signal is greater than the current feedback signal, the current error amplifier will still increase its output, and the current output will increase. This will cause the output voltage to remain high. Then the voltage outer loop has to reduce the control amount until the current error amplifier input signal is equal. Establish a balance.

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Abstract

一种无均流母线的并联均流装置和控制方法，用于实现多个功率变换子模块直流输出并联均流。该装置包括电压控制模块（10）和多个功率变换子模块（20），电压控制模块与并联输出的多个功率变换子模块构成电压外环；各个功率变换子模块包括自身的电流内环且采样自身的电流反馈信号生成电流内环控制信号与所述电压外环控制信号叠加控制各个功率变换子模块的输出。无需单独电流母线，只需要一条单向的控制电压外环，在实现传统装置相同功能的同时使装置电路的设计、生产、调试更加简单和简洁，进而实现多机并联动态响应快，消除地线环流提高了装置抗干扰能力，且非常容易实现模拟控制或数字控制的开关电源、线性电源的多模块并联均流。

Description

一种无均流母线的并联均流装置和控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及电源控制系统，尤其涉及用于多模块无均流母线的并联均流装置和控制方法。
背景技术
传统大功率开关电源并联均流控制方法，如主从法、平均值法、最大电流法，主要通过电流母线反馈最大电流或者平均电流和自身电流形成误差来调整模块电压基准从而实现均流，如图1所示。这些均流方法需要将多个控制环串联，导致系统响应变慢，尤其是多台电源并联。
这些传统均流方法需要使用电流母线，要求模块电流信号能够并入母线，同时母线信号又能够传输到各个模块与模块电流反馈信号进行误差放大，也就是说电流母线信号传输是双向的。在电磁干扰严重的场合下，希望使用差分传输来获得很高的共模抑制比，而差分传输需要两套收发装置才能使信号双向传输，这无疑增加了采用电流母线实现均流的成本，设计和生产的复杂度。
为了提高输出电压的负载调整率和精度，通常需要在并联系统的外部放置一个电压控制模块，如图2所示，把设定参考和并联电压输出终端反馈信号进行误差放大产生总控制信号，该总控信号是单向的，可通过一套差分装置传输给各个子模块作为控制参考。如果采用上述传统均流控制方法，系统则需要使用两条控制母线才能够实现电压远程补偿和模块电流均衡，这无疑增加了系统复杂度以及故障率。
一般情况下模块电流信号是通过二极管或者电阻并入电流母线，电流母线信号直接传输到模块误差放大器输入端，模块之间存在多个共地点，这可能产生地线环流，导致均流环路、甚至系统极易受到干扰，从而使系统的稳定性变差。
很多的控制系统希望均流控制方法既能够通过模拟电路实现，也能够通过数字方式实现，既能够应用到开关电源，也能够应用到线性电源，这就要求均流控制方法实现应非常简洁，才具有很高的灵活性。而传统的均流方法相对复杂。
上述传统均流控制方法及装置由于系统响应慢，需要多条控制母线，不利于信号差分传输，易产生环流，抗干扰能力差，电路设计、生产、装配、调试复杂，且不能够灵活的应用于其他类型控制系统，从而使其应用范围受到限制。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种无均流母线的并联均流装置和控制方法，解决传统并联均流装置设置有单独电流母线，电压外环和电压内环双环电路复杂，多机并联动态响应慢，地线环流抗干扰能力差，设计、生产、调试复杂等问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供一种无均流母线的并联均流控制方法，用于实现多个功率变换子模块直流输出并联均流，包括电压控制模块和多个功率变换子模块，电压控制模块与并联输出的多个功率变换子模块构成电压外环，电压控制模块采样功率变换子模块并联输出的终 端电压信号，输出电压外环控制信号至各个功率变换子模块，各个功率变换子模块接收电压外环控制信号；各个功率变换子模块包括自身的电流内环且采样自身的电流反馈信号生成电流内环控制信号与所述电压外环控制信号叠加控制各个功率变换子模块的输出。
终端电压信号与电压设定参考比较进行电压误差放大产生电压外环控制信号；电压外环控制信号一路作为本功率变换子模块的电流误差放大参考，与本功率变换子模块自身输出的电流反馈信号比较进行电流误差放大产生电流内环控制信号，另一路则与本功率变换子模块产生的电流内环控制信号叠加产生本功率变换子模块的叠加控制信号，叠加控制信号依次经过本功率变换子模块的驱动部分和功率变换部分，控制各个功率变换子模块的输出稳压均流。
终端电压信号和电压外环控制信号的传输是单方向，且采用差分方式传输。
电流内环带宽小于电压外环带宽，电流内环和电压外环的控制环响应速度不同。
功率变换子模块为开关电源或线性电源，电压外环和电流内环的信号传输采用模拟信号控制或数字信号控制。
本发明还提供一种无均流母线的并联均流控制装置，用于实现多个功率变换子模块直流输出并联均流，包括电压控制模块和多个功率变换子模块，多个功率变换子模块并联，电压控制模块与并联输出的多个功率变换子模块并联构成电压外环，电压控制模块采样多个功率变换子模块并联输出的终端电压信号，输出电压外环控制信号至各个功率变换子模块，各个功率变换子模块接收电压外环控制信号；每个功率变换子模块包括一个电流内环，多个电流内环之间无电流母线连接，各个电流内环分别采集其对应的功率变换子模块独立输出的电流反馈信号，生成电流内环控制信号，电流内环控制信号与所述电压外环控制信号叠加控制各个功率变换子模块的输出。
所述电压控制模块包括第一差分放大器、电压误差放大器和差分驱动器，第一差分放大器采样多个功率变换子模块并联输出的终端电压信号，按一定比例缩放连接到电压误差放大器“-”输入端，电压设定参考连接到电压误差放大器“+”输入端，输出误差放大信号，经差分驱动器差分输出到各个功率变换子模块作为电压外环控制信号。
电流内环包括电流放大器、电流误差放大器、第二差分放大器和加法器，第二差分放大器采样提取电压外环控制信号输出，其中一路输出连接到电流误差放大器“+”输入端，作为其参考，另一路输出连接到加法器；通过电流放大器采样功率变换子模块的电流经过比例缩放后连接到电流误差放大器“-”输入端，电流误差放大器输出误差放大信号连接到加法器与另一路输出信号求和输出叠加控制信号控制功率变换子模块。
电压控制模块以差分方式采样多个功率变换子模块并联输出的终端电压信号，输出电压外环控制信号以差分方式单向输入给第二差分放大器。
本发明将单独电流母线与电压母线合成为一条电压外环控制母线，且控制母线是单向的，非常适合差分方式传送，使得系统具有出色的干扰抑制能力；且功率变换子模块内部无电压内环，电压控制模块直接控制各功率变换子模块输出，从而使系统动态响应很快；功率变换子模 块内的电流内环强迫使正负输入引脚相等，间接调整电压外环输出，使得各功率变换子模块均流；应用中可将电流内环带宽取小，而电压外环带宽取高，从而实现动态响应获得电压外环的速度，稳态下获得电流内环的均流。
本发明的有益效果是无需单独电流母线，只需要一条单向的控制电压外环，在实现传统装置相同功能的同时使装置电路的设计、生产、调试更加简单和简洁，进而实现多机并联动态响应快，消除地线环流提高了装置抗干扰能力，且非常容易实现模拟控制或数字控制的开关电源、线性电源的多模块并联均流。
附图说明
图1为现有技术最大电流法需单独电流母线的控制框图；
图2为本发明实施例无单独电流母线的多模块并联均流连接框图；
图3为本发明实施例无单独电流母线的单模块并联均流控制框图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图详细说明本发明的优选实施例。
实施例一，如图2和图3所示，本实施例提供一种无均流母线的并联均流控制装置，包括一个电压控制模块10和三个功率变换子模块20，电压控制模块10包括第一差分放大器101、电压误差放大器和差分驱动器104，电压误差放大器包括电压减法器102和PID调节器103。并联的三个功率变换子模块总输出的终端电压信号通过第一差分放大器101采样，按一定比例缩放连接到电压外环的电压减法器102的“-”输入，电压设定参考连接到电压减法器102的“+”，误差信号经过PID调节器103放大后，通过差分驱动器104输出分别连接到三个功率变换子模块，作为一个电压外环控制信号，电压外环控制信号的输入和输出均采用差分传输，使得电压外环具有非常高的共模抑制比，能够有效抑制噪声。
每个功率变换子模块20包括电流放大器201、电流误差放大器、第二差分放大器204、加法器205、驱动信号转换模块206和功率变换模块207，所述电流误差放大器包括电流减法器202和PI调节器203，通过第二差分放大器204采样提取电压外环控制信号，该电压外环控制信号一路连接到电流减法器202的输入“+”，作为其参考，另一路连接到加法器205；功率变换子模块20的输出电流Io通过电流放大器201比例缩放后连接到电流减法器202的输入“-”，误差信号经过PI调节器203放大输出信号连接到加法器205与电压外环控制信号叠加求和，再通过驱动信号转换模块206输出驱动信号，驱动功率变换模块207进行输出控制。
叠加求和信号通过驱动信号转换模块206产生驱动信号，该驱动信号转换模块206根据电源类型进行选择，如果是开关电源，则通过与三角波比较电路产生PWM驱动信号；如果是线性电源，则按照一定比例缩放线性的控制功率开关器件，本实施例可应用于多模块并联的开关电源或线性电源，实现模块均流。
本实施例还提供一种无均流母线的并联均流控制方法，用于实现多个功率变换子模块直流输出并联均流，包括一个电压控制模块和三个功率变换子模块，电压控制模块与并联输出的三个功 率变换子模块构成电压外环，电压控制模块采样功率变换子模块并联输出的终端电压信号，输出电压外环控制信号至各个功率变换子模块，各个功率变换子模块接收电压外环控制信号；各个功率变换子模块包括自身的电流内环且采样自身的电流反馈信号生成电流内环控制信号与所述电压外环控制信号叠加控制各个功率变换子模块的输出。
终端电压信号与电压设定参考比较进行电压误差放大产生电压外环控制信号；电压外环控制信号一路作为本功率变换子模块的电流误差放大参考，与本功率变换子模块自身输出的电流反馈信号比较进行电流误差放大产生电流内环控制信号，另一路则与本功率变换子模块产生的电流内环控制信号叠加产生本功率变换子模块的叠加控制信号，叠加控制信号依次经过本功率变换子模块的驱动部分和功率变换部分，控制各个功率变换子模块的输出稳压均流。
终端电压信号和电压外环控制信号的传输是单方向，且采用差分方式传输。
电流内环带宽小于电压外环带宽，电流内环和电压外环的控制环响应速度不同。
本实施例的工作原理为，当其中一个功率变换子模块电流大，另一个功率变换子模块电流小时，其参考信号相同，电流大的模块电流误差信号小，其电流环产生的控制量小，电流小的模块则反之。假定此时电流参考信号均大于这两个模块的电流反馈信号，且输出电压已经稳定，因为电流误差都为正，那么电流误差输出为正，并叠加到电压外环控制量，使输出电压增大。电压外环检测到输出电压升高，不断减小控制量，当电压外环控制量等于或略小于电流大的模块反馈电流，但大于电流小的模块时，电流大的模块控制量开始减小，其模块电流也开始减小，电流小的模块电流控制量依然增大，其电流也增大。外环输出电压反馈仍然大于电压设定参考，电压外环仍然减小控制量，电流大的模块电流仍然减小，而电流下的模块电流逐渐增大。当电流小的模块电流误差放大器输入信号相等时，此时电流大的模块电流误差放大器输入信号也相等，从而获得模块间的均流。假设某一条件破坏当前平衡，比如其中一个模块输入电压突然减小，这将导致该模块输出电流变小，输出电压也相对减小，为了达到设定电压，电压外环控制量增大，因为电压外环的速度更快，很快使输出稳定。电流环参考信号增大，意味着每个模块电流误差增大，电流控制量增大，如上述，电压外环减小控制量，电流大的模块减小电流控制量，电流小的模块增大电流控制量，直至所有电流环输入相等，最终恢复电流均衡。
本实施例使用差分方式传输信号的优点，一是实现输入与输出的高阻隔离，使模块并联后不存在地线环流，解决环流导致的信号干扰，控制不稳定。二是输出电压采样可能需要放在远端来补偿线路阻抗对输出电压的损失，采样信号线必然很长，这将导致信号线极易受到干扰；而差分采样具有出色的共模抑制能力，可以有效的抑制噪声。
而现有技术均流控制，如最大电流法，如图1所示，其电流信号通过电流放大器201缩放后，一路输入到电流误差放大器的输入“-”，另一路通过二极管210并入电流母线，当本模块电流Ui 1大于I-Bus电压时，二极管210导通，该模块开始控制电流母线；当本模块电流Ui 1小于I-Bus电压时，二极管210不导通，电流误差放大器输出信号为正，叠加到电压误差放大器“+”输入，其中，电压误差放大器包括减法器208及PID调节器209，增大参考信号，从 而使本模块电流增大。其电流母线是双向的，模块既要能够把信号传送至电流母线，又要能够输入电流母线信号，这导致传统需电流母线均流控制方法使用差分传输信号相对困难。而本实施例只有一条电压母线，且是单向的，使得系统非常方便使用差分方式传输信号，从而提高系统的抗干扰能力。
实施例二，如图3所示，本实施例为包括一个电压控制模块和一个功率变换子模块，其余技术方案如实施例一。
本实施例的工作原理为当一个模块运行，假定输出电压为零，输出电流为零，当电压控制模块设定参考后，因为此时误差很大，电压外环产生一个很大的控制量传输给功率变换子模块20，因为电流内环相对较慢，对其参考变化并不敏感，此时主要起控制作用的是电压外环，其促使输出电压快速上升，使输出电压稳定到设定电压。电压外环的控制量同时也作为电流内环的参考，电流内环误差为正，其通过PI运算产生一个正的控制信号叠加到电压外环上。对于已经稳定的输出电压，增大控制量必然导致输出电压升高。当电压外环检测到输出电压大于设定值，其会减小控制量使输出电压减小，等效作用于电流环的参考信号减小。但此时电流环误差仍然为正，输出电流进一步增大，而电压外环控制量在逐渐减小，使得电流环的误差信号和控制量逐渐变小，最终使电压外环的控制量等于电流内环的反馈电流，也就是电压外环控制信号在稳态下等于模块电流信号。当某一条件破坏当前平衡后，比如负载突然减小，此时电流减小，电压相对升高，电压外环迅速减小控制量，来减小输出电压，假定此时电流误差放大器参考信号仍大于电流反馈信号，那么电流误差放大器仍会增大其输出，电流输出增大，这导致输出电压仍然很高，那么电压外环不得不再减小控制量，直至使电流误差放大器输入信号相等重新建立平衡。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种无均流母线的并联均流控制方法，用于实现多个功率变换子模块直流输出并联均流，包括电压控制模块和多个功率变换子模块，其特征在于：电压控制模块与并联输出的多个功率变换子模块构成电压外环，电压控制模块采样功率变换子模块并联输出的终端电压信号，输出电压外环控制信号至各个功率变换子模块，各个功率变换子模块接收电压外环控制信号；各个功率变换子模块包括自身的电流内环且采样自身的电流反馈信号生成电流内环控制信号与所述电压外环控制信号叠加控制各个功率变换子模块的输出。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种无均流母线的并联均流控制方法，其特征在于：终端电压信号与电压设定参考比较进行电压误差放大产生电压外环控制信号；电压外环控制信号一路作为本功率变换子模块的电流误差放大参考，与本功率变换子模块自身输出的电流反馈信号比较进行电流误差放大产生电流内环控制信号，另一路则与本功率变换子模块产生的电流内环控制信号叠加产生本功率变换子模块的叠加控制信号，叠加控制信号依次经过本功率变换子模块的驱动部分和功率变换部分，控制各个功率变换子模块的输出稳压均流。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的一种无均流母线的并联均流控制方法，其特征在于：终端电压信号和电压外环控制信号的传输是单方向，且采用差分方式传输。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的一种无均流母线的并联均流控制方法，其特征在于：电流内环带宽小于电压外环带宽，电流内环和电压外环的控制环响应速度不同。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种无均流母线的并联均流控制方法，其特征在于：功率变换子模块为开关电源或线性电源，电压外环和电流内环的信号传输采用模拟信号控制或数字信号控制。
  6. 一种无均流母线的并联均流控制装置，用于实现多个功率变换子模块直流输出并联均流，包括电压控制模块和多个功率变换子模块，其特征在于：多个功率变换子模块并联，电压控制模块与并联输出的多个功率变换子模块并联构成电压外环，电压控制模块采样多个功率变换子模块并联输出的终端电压信号，输出电压外环控制信号至各个功率变换子模块，各个功率变换子模块接收电压外环控制信号；每个功率变换子模块包括一个电流内环，多个电流内环之间无电流母线连接，各个电流内环分别采集其对应的功率变换子模块独立输出的电流反馈信号，生成电流内环控制信号，电流内环控制信号与所述电压外环控制信号叠加控制各个功率变换子模块的输出。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的一种无均流母线的并联均流装置，其特征在于：所述电压控制模块包括第一差分放大器、电压误差放大器和差分驱动器，第一差分放大器采样多个功率变换子模块并联输出的终端电压信号，按一定比例缩放连接到电压误差放大器“-”输入端，电压设定参考连接到电压误差放大器“+”输入端，输出误差放大信号，经差分驱动器差分输出到各个功率变换子模块作为电压外环控制信号。
  8. 如权利要求6或7所述的一种无均流母线的并联均流装置，其特征在于：电流内环包括电 流放大器、电流误差放大器、第二差分放大器和加法器，第二差分放大器采样提取电压外环控制信号输出，其中一路输出连接到电流误差放大器“+”输入端，作为其参考，另一路输出连接到加法器；通过电流放大器采样功率变换子模块的电流经过比例缩放后连接到电流误差放大器“-”输入端，电流误差放大器输出误差放大信号连接到加法器与另一路输出信号求和输出叠加控制信号控制功率变换子模块。
  9. 如权利要求6所述的一种无均流母线的并联均流装置，其特征在于：电压控制模块以差分方式采样多个功率变换子模块并联输出的终端电压信号，输出电压外环控制信号以差分方式单向输入给第二差分放大器。
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