WO2015122083A1 - 光学素子及びその製造方法,該光学素子を有する表示装置,電子機器,及び照明装置 - Google Patents
光学素子及びその製造方法,該光学素子を有する表示装置,電子機器,及び照明装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015122083A1 WO2015122083A1 PCT/JP2014/082041 JP2014082041W WO2015122083A1 WO 2015122083 A1 WO2015122083 A1 WO 2015122083A1 JP 2014082041 W JP2014082041 W JP 2014082041W WO 2015122083 A1 WO2015122083 A1 WO 2015122083A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
- G02F1/167—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
- G02F1/133512—Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/13439—Electrodes characterised by their electrical, optical, physical properties; materials therefor; method of making
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B2207/00—Coding scheme for general features or characteristics of optical elements and systems of subclass G02B, but not including elements and systems which would be classified in G02B6/00 and subgroups
- G02B2207/123—Optical louvre elements, e.g. for directional light blocking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/1675—Constructional details
- G02F1/1676—Electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/1675—Constructional details
- G02F1/1679—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells; Filling or closing of cells
- G02F1/1681—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells; Filling or closing of cells having two or more microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. of microcup type
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical element that variably controls a range of an emission direction of transmitted light, a manufacturing method thereof, a display device having the optical element, an electronic device, and an illumination device.
- the liquid crystal display device is used as a display device in various information processing apparatuses such as a mobile phone, a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), an ATM (Automatic Teller Machine), and a personal computer.
- a liquid crystal display device with a wide visible range is used. Has been put to practical use.
- an optical element that adjusts the emission direction of light incident from the back is mounted inside, a backlight that uniformly emits light toward the optical element, and a liquid crystal that displays an image
- a configuration having a display is generally known.
- liquid crystal display devices are required to have various light distribution characteristics with the increase in size and versatility.
- an optical element for example, as shown in a cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 35, two transparent substrates 421 and 422 arranged opposite to each other are used to expose and develop a transparent photosensitive resin layer, and to cure by heating.
- an optical element 410 in which a light transmission region 440 is formed and an electrophoretic element 460 is disposed between the light transmission regions 440.
- transparent conductive films 451 and 452 are formed between the transparent substrates 421 and 422 and the light transmission region 440, respectively.
- the transparent conductive films 451 and 452 are externally provided.
- the two states of the narrow-field mode and the wide-field mode related to the emission state of the light (incident light) 750 are arbitrarily realized.
- the optical element 510 disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a transparent substrate 521, a transparent conductive film 551 formed on the surface of the transparent substrate 521, and an upper surface 551a of the transparent conductive film 551. And a plurality of light transmission regions 540 formed at a distance from each other, and electrophoretic elements 560 disposed between the light transmission regions 540, and on the upper surface 540 a side of the light transmission region 540. Is provided with another transparent substrate 522 provided with another transparent conductive film 552 on the surface on the light transmission region 540 side.
- the electrophoretic display element 610 disclosed in Patent Document 2 includes a recess 620A formed in the base 620, an aluminum electrode 650 provided on the bottom surface of the recess 620A, and a recess 620A.
- the electrophoretic element 660 arranged, the transparent electrode 651 provided on the upper surface of the base material 620, the adhesive 690 provided on the upper surface of the transparent electrode 651, and the transparent substrate provided on the upper surface of the adhesive 690 And a material 621.
- the electrophoretic element 560 is exposed to the light 750, so that the light 750 enters the electrophoretic element 560. Due to the light degradation caused by the operation, there arises a problem that the operating voltage of the electrophoretic element 560 (voltage value necessary for operating the electrophoretic element 560) increases. That is, since the operating voltage of the electrophoretic element 560 depends on the surface charge amount of the electrophoretic element 560, the operating voltage increases due to the decrease in the charge amount due to the above-described light degradation, and the operation of the optical element 510 Inconvenience that the performance decreases. Further, the optical element 410 described with reference to FIG. 35 has the same inconvenience.
- the electrophoretic display element 610 disclosed in Patent Document 2 employs a configuration in which the aluminum electrode 650 is formed by vacuum sputtering on the bottom surface of the recess 620A formed on the base material 620, and therefore, on the side wall of the recess 620A. Since an unintended aluminum layer is formed, there is a disadvantage that normal operation of the electrophoretic display element 610 cannot be secured stably.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and in particular, an optical element that alleviates a decrease in the amount of charge of an electrophoretic element caused by the intrusion of incident light and ensures operational stability, and
- An object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method thereof, a display device having the optical element, an electronic device, and a lighting device.
- the first and second transparent substrates are arranged so that their principal surfaces face each other, and arranged on the principal surface side of the first transparent substrate.
- the conductive light-shielding pattern, the transparent conductive film disposed on the main surface of the second transparent substrate, the plurality of light transmission regions disposed on the first transparent substrate, and the adjacent light transmissions An electrophoretic element comprising a specific charge-carrying light-shielding electrophoretic particle and a light-transmitting dispersant disposed between the regions, the conductive light-shielding pattern and the transparent conductive film
- the display device has a configuration including a display having a display surface for displaying an image and the optical element disposed on the display surface of the display.
- a liquid crystal display having a display surface for displaying an image, a backlight arranged on the back side of the liquid crystal display and irradiating the liquid crystal display, and the liquid crystal And an optical element disposed between the display and the backlight.
- the electronic apparatus has a configuration in which the electronic apparatus main body is provided with a display unit that displays an image toward the outside, and the above-described display device is provided as the display unit.
- the illumination device has a configuration in which the optical element and the light source provided on the back surface of the first transparent substrate included in the optical element are included.
- a light shielding pattern forming step for forming a conductive light shielding pattern on the main surface of the first transparent substrate, and the first transparent substrate on which the conductive light shielding pattern is formed.
- a development process is performed on the transparent photosensitive resin irradiated with the exposure light, thereby forming a transmission region forming step for forming a light transmission region partitioned into a plurality of regions, and a second method in which a transparent conductive film is formed on the surface.
- a transparent substrate is disposed so that the transparent conductive film faces the light transmission region side, and a light-shielding electric light having a specific charge is provided in a gap portion between the light transmission regions.
- Electrophoretic particles and transmission An electrophoretic element filling step of filling an electrophoretic element that is a mixture with a dispersing agent to form a light absorbing layer, and in the exposure light irradiation step, at least a part of the conductive light-shielding pattern is The exposure light is irradiated so as to be located in a gap portion between the light transmission regions.
- the electrode on which light is incident is formed with a conductive light-shielding pattern made of a light-shielding conductive film, the reduction in the charge amount of the electrophoretic element caused by the intrusion of incident light is alleviated.
- FIG. 1A shows a narrow field mode (narrow field state)
- FIG. 1B shows a wide field mode (wide field state).
- FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view showing the potential between the conductive light-shielding pattern and the transparent conductive film in the narrow-field mode of the optical element disclosed in FIG.
- FIG. 3B shows a case where the surface charge of the electrophoretic particle is a positive charge (+).
- FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view showing the relationship between the incident light and the electrophoretic particles
- FIG. 4B is a characteristic diagram showing a state of luminance in the arrangement structure.
- FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view showing the relationship between incident light and electrophoretic particles in the optical element disclosed in FIG. 1, in which the electrophoretic particles are arranged in the vicinity of the conductive light shielding pattern.
- FIG. 5B is a characteristic diagram showing a state of luminance in the arrangement structure. It is a perspective view which shows the outline
- FIG. 12 (a) ⁇ FIG. 12 (b) ⁇ FIG. 12 (c) ⁇ FIG. 12 (d) ⁇ FIG. 12 in accordance with the progress of each step in the optical element manufacturing method disclosed in FIG. It is sectional drawing shown in order of (e)-> figure 12 (f).
- FIG. 13 (a) ⁇ FIG. 13 shows the state when the order of the steps in FIG. 12 (e) and FIG. 12 (f) is changed among the steps in the optical element manufacturing method disclosed in FIG. It is sectional drawing shown according to the advancing order of 13 (b)-> FIG. 13 (c)-> FIG.
- FIG. 15 it is sectional drawing which shows the optical element manufactured in the state from which the relative position of the electroconductive light shielding pattern and the light transmissive area
- a light-transmitting region is formed using a conductive light-shielding pattern as a photomask.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a state of a trajectory of vertically incident light in the optical element of Embodiment 1. It is sectional drawing which shows the narrow visual field mode of the optical element in 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the wide viewing field mode of the optical element in 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 19 (a) ⁇ FIG. 19 (b) ⁇ FIG. 19 (c) ⁇ FIG. 19 (d) ⁇ It is sectional drawing shown in order of FIG.19 (e)-> FIG.19 (f).
- the light-transmitting region is formed using the conductive light-shielding pattern as a photomask.
- FIG. 33A is a schematic diagram showing devices that are input by a touch panel
- FIG. 33B is a schematic diagram showing devices that are input by a touch panel, a keyboard, and a mouse, among electronic devices according to other embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 35A is a cross-sectional view showing the narrow-field mode
- FIG. 35B is a cross-sectional view showing the wide-field mode.
- FIG.39 (a) is a cross-sectional view which each shows a narrow visual field mode
- FIG.39 (b) is each a wide visual field mode.
- (a) is a figure which shows the mode of the locus
- FIG. 6B is a diagram showing the trajectory of incident light when there is an antireflection pattern.
- FIG.41 (a) is a cross-sectional view which each shows a narrow visual field mode
- FIG.41 (b) is each a wide visual field mode. It is a figure which shows the mode of the track
- FIG. 1A and 1B are cross-sectional views showing the optical element of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1A shows a narrow field mode (narrow field state)
- FIG. 1B shows a wide field mode (wide field state). Yes.
- the optical element 11 of the first embodiment includes a first transparent substrate 21 and a conductive light-shielding pattern 30 formed on the surface (main surface) 21 a of the first transparent substrate 21.
- a plurality of light transmission regions 40 formed at positions complementary to the conductive light-shielding pattern 30 and spaced apart from each other with the top surface 40a as a top surface, and transparent disposed on the top surface 40a of each light transmission region 40
- the conductive film 50 and the second transparent substrate 22, and the electroconductive light shielding pattern 30, the electrophoretic element 60 disposed in the gap between the light transmission region 40 and the transparent conductive film 50 are provided.
- the electrophoretic element 60 is a mixture of electrophoretic particles 61 and a dispersant 62.
- hatching is abbreviate
- the narrow-field mode shown in FIG. 1A is realized by dispersing the electrophoretic particles 61 in the electrophoretic element 60 arranged in the gap between the light transmission regions 40 in the dispersant 62 (FIG. 2). reference).
- the wide-field mode shown in FIG. 1B is realized by aggregating the electrophoretic particles 61 in the vicinity of the conductive light-shielding pattern 30 (see FIG. 3).
- the electrophoretic particles 61 are collected in the vicinity of the conductive light shielding pattern 30 by setting the relative potential of the conductive light shielding pattern 30 to the transparent conductive film 50 to have a polarity opposite to the surface charge of the electrophoretic particles 61. Yes.
- the conductive light-shielding pattern 30 is set as the positive electrode.
- the conductive light shielding pattern 30 is set as a negative electrode.
- the polarity of the conductive light-shielding pattern 30 is set so as to be the same as the surface charge of the electrophoretic particles 61, the electrophoretic particles 61 are made of the transparent conductive film 50 as shown in FIG. Therefore, the incident light 750 is shielded by the electrophoretic particles 61 (see the x mark), that is, the passage of the incident light 750 is inhibited by the electrophoretic particles 61 aggregated in the vicinity of the transparent conductive film 50. Since an angle (an angle at which the electrophoretic particles 61 impede the passage of the incident light 750) is generated, an angle at which the luminance is reduced is generated as shown in FIG. 4B.
- the optical element 11 having a specific charge-carrying electrophoretic particle 61 and a translucent dispersant 62 disposed between the transmissive regions 40 includes a conductive light-shielding pattern.
- the dispersion state of the electrophoretic particles 61 changes, and the range of the light emission direction that passes through each of the light transmission regions 40 and the dispersant 62 is changed.
- Has a structure that changes The light transmission region 40 is disposed at a position complementary to the conductive light shielding pattern 30.
- the relative potential of the conductive light shielding pattern 30 with respect to the transparent conductive film 50 is adjusted so as to have a polarity opposite to the surface charge of the electrophoretic particles 61. It is configured to gather in the vicinity.
- the optical element 11 is configured to be provided with an electric field applying means 35 for applying an electric field so that the polarity of the conductive light shielding pattern 30 with respect to the transparent conductive film 50 is opposite to the charge of the electrophoretic particles 61. May be.
- the configuration contents when the surface charge of the electrophoretic particle 61 is a negative charge ( ⁇ ) will be described.
- the surface charge of the electrophoretic particle 61 is a positive charge (+)
- the conductive light-shielding pattern 30 By reversing the polarity, it is possible to cope in the same manner.
- the optical element 11 has the first transparent substrate 21 as described above.
- the first transparent substrate 21 is made of a glass substrate, PET (Poly Ethylene Terephthalate), PC (Poly Carbonate), or PEN (Poly Ethylene Naphthalate) was used.
- a conductive light shielding pattern 30 is formed on the main surface of the first transparent substrate 21.
- a light-shielding conductive material such as aluminum, chromium, copper, chromium oxide, or carbon nanotube can be suitably employed.
- aluminum is employed.
- the film thickness of the conductive light-shielding pattern 30 is preferably in the range of 10 [nm] to 1000 [nm]. In the first embodiment, this is set to 300 [nm].
- a light transmission region 40 is formed at a position complementary to the conductive light shielding pattern 30 on the first transparent substrate 21.
- the “complementary position” here is a positional relationship in which the conductive light shielding patterns 30 and the light transmission regions 40 are alternately arranged on the main surface of the first transparent substrate 21 as shown in FIG. It is preferable that the conductive light-shielding pattern 30 and the light transmission region 40 are arranged without crossing (overlapping) each other.
- the height of the light transmission region 40 is preferably in the range of 3 [ ⁇ m] to 300 [ ⁇ m], and in the first embodiment, this is set to 60 [ ⁇ m].
- the width of the light transmission region 40 (light transmission pattern width) is preferably in the range of 1 [ ⁇ m] to 150 [ ⁇ m], and in the first embodiment, this is set to 20 [ ⁇ m].
- the width between the light transmission regions 40 (light shielding pattern width) is preferably in the range of 0.25 [ ⁇ m] to 40 [ ⁇ m], and in the first embodiment, this is 5 [ ⁇ m]. did.
- the electrophoretic element 60 that is a mixture of the electrophoretic particles 61 and the dispersant 62 is disposed between the light transmission regions 40.
- FIGS. 6 to 8 and three examples shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 corresponding to these drawings will be described.
- the planar shape of the light transmission region 40 and the electrophoretic element 60 is square. It has a lattice shape. That is, the optical element 11 in this case is formed such that the light transmission pattern width 41a corresponding to the width of each light transmission region 40 and the light transmission pattern width 42a are equal, and the width of the electrophoretic element 60 (light transmission region).
- the light-shielding pattern width 41b and the light-shielding pattern width 42b corresponding to (width between 40) are formed to be equal.
- the planar shape of the light transmission region 40 and the electrophoretic element 60 is rectangular. It has a lattice shape. That is, the optical element 11 in this case is formed such that the light transmission pattern width 42a is longer than the light transmission pattern width 41a (41a ⁇ 42a). On the other hand, the light shielding pattern width 41b and the light shielding pattern width 42b are formed to be equal in length.
- the planar shape of the light transmission region 40 and the electrophoretic element 60 (conductive light shielding pattern 30) is striped. Is made. That is, in this case, the optical element 11 is arranged such that the light transmission pattern width 41a by each light transmission region 40 and the light shielding pattern width 41b of the electrophoretic element 60 are alternately continued.
- the visible angle in the AB direction shown in FIGS. 6 to 9 is limited to about ⁇ 30 °.
- optical element manufacturing method Here, the manufacturing method of the optical element according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 12 illustrating the respective steps. (The manufacturing method of the optical element 11 includes the following steps.)
- the conductive light shielding pattern 30 is formed on the surface (main surface) of the first transparent substrate 21 (light shielding pattern forming step), and then, as shown in FIG. A transparent photosensitive resin layer 41 is laminated and formed as a negative photoresist film on the main surface side of the first transparent substrate 21 on which the conductive light shielding pattern 30 is formed (photosensitive resin lamination step).
- the transparent photosensitive resin layer 41 is a member that becomes the light transmission region 40 through a transmission region formation step described later.
- the transparent photosensitive resin layer 41 is exposed (exposure) by irradiating the transparent photosensitive resin layer 41 with exposure light 75 through a photomask 70 having a mask pattern 71.
- Light irradiation step In this exposure light irradiation process, control is performed to adjust the position of the photomask 70 and the first transparent substrate 21 so that the position of the mask pattern 71 overlaps the conductive light shielding pattern 30 (position control process).
- the exposed transparent photosensitive resin layer 41 is developed to form a plurality of light transmission regions 40 spaced from each other as shown in FIG. 12 (d) (transmission region forming step).
- the second transparent substrate 22 including the transparent conductive film 50 is installed on the surface of the light transmission region 40 (transparent substrate installation step).
- the electrophoretic element 60 is filled into the gap formed by the conductive light shielding pattern 30, the light transmission region 40, and the transparent conductive film 50 (electrophoretic element filling step).
- the electrophoresis element filling step of filling the electrophoresis element 60 between the light transmission regions 40 is performed prior to the transparent substrate installation step.
- a transparent substrate installation step of installing the second transparent substrate 22 having the transparent conductive film 50 on the surfaces of the light transmission region 40 and the electrophoretic element 60 may be performed.
- the optical element 11E has a structure in which the light transmission region 40 is disposed at a position partially overlapping the conductive light shielding pattern 30.
- a part of the conductive light shielding pattern 30 is located on the electrophoretic element 60 side as shown in FIG. Since it is exposed, the electrophoretic particles 61 can be effectively operated.
- the patterning of the transparent photosensitive resin layer 41 is performed from the back side of the first transparent substrate 21 using the conductive light-shielding pattern 30 as a photomask, as shown in FIGS. 15 (c) and 15 (d). You may carry out by irradiating the exposure light 75 (irradiation formation process).
- FIG. 15 instead of the exposure light irradiation step and the transmissive region forming step described with reference to FIGS. 12C and 12D, this irradiation forming step is adopted, and FIG. ) ⁇ FIG. 15 (b) ⁇ FIG. 15 (c) ⁇ FIG. 15 (d) ⁇ FIG. 15 (e) ⁇ FIG. 15 (f), the optical element 11 may be manufactured in the same manner.
- the conductive light shielding pattern 30 as a photomask, it is possible to obtain an effect that the relative positions of the light transmission region 40 and the conductive light shielding pattern 30 are naturally complementary. As a result, it is possible to ensure that the conductive light shielding pattern 30 is exposed.
- the exposure light 75 used for the exposure is parallel light with respect to the stacking direction (the direction in which the transparent photosensitive resin layer 41 and the like are stacked) as shown in FIGS. 12, 13, and 15. Further, a UV light source is used as a light source of the exposure light 75, and UV light having a wavelength of 365 [nm] is irradiated as the exposure light 75 in the exposure light irradiation process or the irradiation forming process in the first embodiment. .
- the exposure amount during this irradiation is preferably in the range of 100 [mJ / cm 2 ] to 1000 [mJ / cm 2 ]. In the first embodiment, the exposure amount is set to 200 [mJ / cm 2 ]. Then, exposure light 75 was irradiated.
- the conductive light-shielding pattern 30 is formed on the main surface of the first transparent substrate 21 made of glass, PET, PC, or PEN (FIG. 12A: light-shielding pattern forming step), and the transparent photosensitive property is formed thereon.
- the resin layer 41 is formed (FIG. 12B: photosensitive resin lamination step).
- a light-shielding conductive material such as aluminum, chromium, copper, chromium oxide, or carbon nanotube can be used for the conductive light-shielding pattern 30 according to these processes.
- aluminum is used.
- the conductive light-shielding pattern 30 was formed using the same.
- any one of film forming methods such as a slit die coater, a wire coater, an applicator, dry film transfer, spray coating, and screen printing can be used.
- the thickness of the transparent photosensitive resin layer 41 that is reasonable within the range of 30 [ ⁇ m] to 300 [ ⁇ m] is formed to be 60 [ ⁇ m]. .
- the transparent photosensitive resin used for the transparent photosensitive resin layer 41 for example, a chemically amplified photoresist (trade name “SU-8”) manufactured by Kayaku Microchem Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the characteristics of this transparent photosensitive resin are as follows.
- the first feature is that an epoxy (specifically, glycidyl ether derivative of bisphenol A novolak) that is a photo-initiator generates an acid when irradiated with ultraviolet light and polymerizes a curable monomer using this protonic acid as a catalyst. The point is that it is a resist.
- the second feature is that it has very high transparency in the visible light region.
- the third characteristic is that the curable monomer contained in the transparent photosensitive resin has a relatively small molecular weight before curing, and therefore, cyclopentanone, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PEGMEA), gamma butyl lactone (GBL), isobutyl. It is easy to form a thick film because it dissolves very well in a solvent such as ketone (MIBK).
- a solvent such as ketone (MIBK).
- the fourth feature is that light transmittance is very good even at wavelengths in the near-ultraviolet region, so that even a thick film can transmit ultraviolet light.
- the fifth feature is that a high aspect ratio pattern having an aspect ratio of 3 or more can be formed because each feature is as described above.
- the sixth feature is that since there are many functional groups in the curable monomer, it becomes a very high-density cross-link after curing and is very stable both thermally and chemically. . For this reason, processing after pattern formation is also facilitated.
- the above-described chemically amplified photoresist (trade name “SU-8”) is adopted as the transparent photosensitive resin layer 41, but the present invention is not limited to this, that is, similar characteristics. Any photo-curing material may be used as long as it has.
- the transparent photosensitive resin layer 41 is patterned using the mask pattern 71 of the photomask 70 (FIG. 12C).
- the exposure light 75 used for exposure in this step is parallel light, and in the first embodiment, the light is emitted in a direction parallel to the stacking direction. Further, as described above, in the first embodiment in which UV light is used as the light source of the exposure light 75, UV light having a wavelength of 365 [nm] and an exposure amount of 200 [mJ / cm 2 ] is used as the exposure light. Irradiated as 75.
- the transparent photosensitive resin layer 41 is developed. That is, the transparent photosensitive resin layer 41 is developed and then subjected to thermal annealing (thermal annealing treatment) at 120 [° C.] and 30 [minutes]. A light transmissive region 40 divided into two regions is formed (FIG. 12D: transmissive region forming step).
- the space width (light shielding pattern width) between the light transmission regions 40 formed here is 5 [ ⁇ m] as described above. Further, the refractive index of the light transmission region 40 in the case of forming with “SU-8” is 1.5 to 1.6.
- the second transparent substrate 22 having the transparent conductive film 50 is disposed on the light transmission region 40 (FIG. 12E: transparent substrate installation step).
- the second transparent substrate 22 is fixed on the outer peripheral portion of the first transparent substrate 21 with an adhesive (not shown).
- the adhesive used for this fixing may be either thermosetting or UV curable.
- the electrophoretic element 60 that is a mixture of the electrophoretic particles 61 and the dispersant 62 is filled (FIG. 12F: electrophoretic element filling step).
- the step of placing the second transparent substrate 22 provided with the transparent conductive film 50 according to FIG. 12E transparent substrate placement step
- the optical element 11 may be manufactured by changing the order relationship between the step of filling the electrophoretic element 60 into the space (gap part) between the gaps 40 (electrophoretic element filling step) (FIG. 13 (e), (F)).
- the patterning of the transparent photosensitive resin layer 41 is performed by using the conductive light-shielding pattern 30 as a photomask and irradiating the exposure light 75 from the back side of the first transparent substrate 21. Good (FIGS. 15C and 15D).
- the relative position between the light transmission region 40 and the conductive light shielding pattern 30 is naturally complementary, so that the conductive light shielding pattern 30 is exposed. It is possible to ensure the state.
- UV light having a wavelength of 365 [nm] is irradiated as the exposure light 75.
- the exposure amount that is preferably in the range of 100 [mJ / cm 2 ] to 1000 [mJ / cm 2 ] was set to be 200 [mJ / cm 2 ] again.
- the optical element 11 according to the first embodiment employs a configuration in which the electrode on the light incident side is formed by the conductive light-shielding pattern 30 made of the light-shielding conductive film, as shown in FIG. Can be prevented from being exposed to vertically incident light, and therefore, an increase in operating voltage due to light degradation of the electrophoretic element 60 can be suppressed.
- the light direction control can be realized while ensuring good operational stability, so that the reliability as the optical element is improved. Is possible.
- the optical element 11 it is possible to alleviate a decrease in the charge amount of the electrophoretic element due to incident light, suppress an increase in operating voltage, and stably ensure normal operation of the element.
- the electrophoretic particles 61 gather in the vicinity of the surface of the conductive light shielding pattern 30 in the wide field mode, thereby avoiding the occurrence of a singular angle in which the transmittance decreases sharply. Therefore, good optical characteristics can be realized.
- the optical element 11 having the above-described configuration to suppress incidence of vertically incident light on the electrophoretic element, deterioration of the electrophoretic element due to incident light can be suppressed.
- it is possible to alleviate the decrease in the charge amount of the electrophoretic element, and to ensure the stability of the operation.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing a narrow field mode of the optical element of the second embodiment
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view showing a wide field mode of the optical element of the second embodiment.
- the first transparent substrate 21 in which the conductive light-shielding pattern 30 and the light transmission region 40 are arranged is the same as in the first embodiment described above. 3 is characterized in that a protective cover film 80 is disposed on the upper surface 40 a and the side surface 40 b of the light transmission region 40.
- the thickness of the protective cover film 80 is preferably in the range of 10 [nm] to 1000 [nm], and in the second embodiment, this is set to 200 [nm]. Further, as a constituent material of the protective cover film 80, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, a silicon oxynitride film, a paraxylylene resin (hereinafter abbreviated as parylene), a methacrylic resin, or the like can be adopted. The second embodiment Then, the silicon oxide film was adopted from this.
- FIGS. 17 and 18 show a state in which the protective cover film 80 is also formed on the surface 30a of the conductive light-shielding pattern 30, but it is not an essential element to cover the surface 30a. If the upper surface 40a and the side surface 40b of the transmission region 40 are configured to be covered, the effects described later can be effectively obtained.
- the upper surface 40a and the side surface 40b, which are exposed portions of the light transmission region 40, are covered with the protective cover film 80, thereby preventing the light transmission region 40 and the electrophoretic element 60 from contacting each other. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of damage or the like on the surface of the light transmission region 40 due to the electrophoretic element 60. Therefore, as a result, a stable structure in which the operating state of the electrophoretic element 60 does not change is realized, and light beam direction control with good operation stability can be realized.
- optical element manufacturing method Next, a method for manufacturing the optical element 12 in the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 19 illustrating each process.
- a conductive light shielding pattern 30 is formed on the surface of the first transparent substrate 21 made of glass, PET, PC, or PEN (FIG. 19A: light shielding pattern forming step), and a transparent photosensitive resin layer is formed thereon. 41 is formed (FIG. 19B: photosensitive resin laminating step).
- the constituent material of the conductive light shielding pattern 30 and the forming method, film thickness, and material of the transparent photosensitive resin layer 41 are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the transparent photosensitive resin layer 41 is exposed by irradiating the transparent photosensitive resin layer 41 with exposure light 75 that is parallel light through the photomask 70 having the mask pattern 71 (FIG. 19C). Exposure light irradiation step).
- the exposure amount of the exposure light 75 used for this exposure is preferably in the range of 100 [mJ / cm 2 ] to 1000 [mJ / cm 2 ], and this exposure amount is 200 [mJ] also in the second embodiment. / Cm ⁇ 2 >].
- control related to the position adjustment of the photomask 70 and the first transparent substrate 21 is performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment so that the position of the mask pattern 71 overlaps the conductive light shielding pattern 30. May be performed (position control step).
- a plurality of light transmission regions 40 are formed at positions complementary to the exposed conductive light shielding pattern 30 (FIG. 19D: transmission region formation step).
- the space width between the light transmission regions 40 formed here is 5 [ ⁇ m], and the refractive index of the light transmission region 40 formed of the above chemical amplification type photoresist (trade name “SU-8”) is 1.5 to 1.6.
- a protective cover film 80 is formed on the light transmission region 40 (FIG. 19E: protective cover forming step). At this time, the protective cover film 80 is also formed on the conductive light-shielding pattern 30 as shown in FIG. However, it is sufficient that at least the upper surface 40a and the side surface 40b of the light transmission region 40 are covered, and it is not always necessary to cover the conductive light shielding pattern 30 in this way.
- a silicon oxide film is used as the constituent material of the protective cover film 80, and the film thickness is 200 [nm].
- the second transparent substrate 22 provided with the transparent conductive film 50 is installed on each light transmission region 40 covered with the protective cover film 80 as in the first embodiment (FIG. 19 ( f): Transparent substrate installation step), and then the electrophoretic element in the space between the first transparent substrate 21 and the second transparent substrate 22 (the space formed by the protective cover film 80 and the transparent conductive film 50) 60 is filled (FIG. 19 (g): electrophoresis element filling step).
- the patterning of the transparent photosensitive resin layer 41 is performed from the back side of the first transparent substrate 21 using the conductive light-shielding pattern 30 as a photomask as shown in FIGS. 20 (c) and 20 (d). You may make it perform by irradiating the exposure light 75 (irradiation formation process).
- this irradiation forming step is adopted instead of the exposure light irradiation step and the transmissive region forming step according to FIGS. 19C and 19D, and FIG.
- the optical element 12 may be similarly manufactured in the order of 20 (b) ⁇ FIG. 20 (c) ⁇ FIG. 20 (d) ⁇ FIG. 20 (e) ⁇ FIG. 20 (f).
- the light transmission region 40 can be formed from the transparent photosensitive resin layer 41 in a self-aligned manner with respect to the conductive light shielding pattern, and the aperture ratio as designed can be secured. Further, since the mask cost can be reduced by one sheet, the cost can be reduced.
- the exposure amount of the exposure light 75 used for the exposure here is also preferably in the range of 100 [mJ / cm 2 ] to 1000 [mJ / cm 2 ], and again, the exposure amount is 200 [mJ / cm]. cm 2 ] and irradiation was performed.
- the configuration in which the upper surface 40a and the side surface 40b, which are exposed portions of the light transmission region 40, are covered with the protective cover film 80 is employed. Even when the electrophoretic element 60 made of a material that has an influence such as dissolution or swelling is used, contact between the light transmitting area 40 and the electrophoretic element 60 is prevented. 40 does not occur, and as a result, it is possible to realize light direction control with good operation stability.
- FIG. 21 is a sectional view showing an optical element in which the light transmission region is exposed in the third embodiment
- FIG. 22 is a state in which a protective cover film is formed on the surface of the light transmission region in the third embodiment.
- It is sectional drawing which shows the optical element in.
- a light transmission region 40 and a transparent conductive film 50 are provided in addition to the configuration similar to that of the optical element 11 in the first embodiment described above. It is characterized in that an adhesive layer 90 is interposed therebetween.
- the conductive light shielding pattern 30 and the light transmission region 40 are sequentially formed on the first transparent substrate 21 as in the first embodiment described above.
- the transparent conductive film 50 and the second transparent substrate 22 are attached via an adhesive layer 90 disposed on the substrate.
- the film thickness of the adhesive layer 90 is preferably in the range of 1 [um] to 100 [um], and in the third embodiment, this is set to 10 [um]. Further, as the constituent material of the adhesive layer 90, a UV curable or thermosetting transparent resin can be adopted, and in the third embodiment, the same resin as the constituent material of the light transmission region 40 is adopted.
- the adhesive layer 90 between the light transmission region 40 and the transparent conductive film 50, it is possible to prevent the electrophoretic particles 61 from entering between the light transmission region 40 and the transparent conductive film 50. it can.
- the gap between the transparent conductive film 50 and the conductive light shielding pattern 30 is present.
- the electrophoretic particles 61 in the electrophoretic element 60 are collected in the vicinity of the conductive light-shielding pattern 30 by forming an electric field in the electrophoretic element 60, the invading electrophoretic particles have a height on the side surface of the light transmission region 40 from there. Therefore, it is necessary to move a distance corresponding to the above, and an extra movement time is required, which impedes a quick operation.
- the adhesive layer 90 is provided as described above in order to prevent the electrophoretic particles 61 from entering between the light transmission region 40 and the transparent conductive film 50.
- the electrophoretic particles 61 move, the time required for the invading electrophoretic particles to move to the vicinity of the conductive light-shielding pattern 30 can be omitted, thereby ensuring the speed of operation. It becomes possible.
- the optical element 13B in the modification of the third embodiment is provided with an adhesive layer 90 similar to the above in addition to the same configuration contents as the optical element 12 in the second embodiment described above. There is a feature.
- the adhesive layer 90 is disposed on the light transmission region 40 where the protective cover film 80 is formed, and the transparent conductive film is interposed via the adhesive layer 90. 50 and the second transparent substrate 22 are attached.
- the film thickness and constituent materials of the adhesive layer 90 are the same as described above.
- the optical element 13A having the structure without the protective cover film 80 and the optical element 13B having the structure with the protective cover film 80 described in the third embodiment are both in the light transmission region 40 and transparent.
- An adhesive layer 90 for preventing the electrophoretic particles 61 from entering the conductive film 50 is provided. For this reason, it is possible to prevent inconvenience that a part of the electrophoretic particles 61 are arranged as the intruding electrophoretic particles in the optical element manufacturing process. Therefore, the transparent conductive film 50 and the conductive light shielding pattern 30 are prevented.
- the electrophoretic particles 61 are collected in the vicinity of the conductive light-shielding pattern 30 by forming an electric field between them, it is possible to suppress the generation of an extra movement time.
- the light transmission caused by a part of the penetrating electrophoretic particles that need to move from between the light transmission region 40 and the transparent conductive film 50 to the vicinity of the conductive light shielding pattern 30 remains. It is possible to effectively prevent a decrease in rate.
- the process concerning another structure and manufacturing method it is the same as that of the content described in the 1st and 2nd embodiment mentioned above, and the effect
- FIG. 23 is a sectional view showing a narrow field mode of the optical element of the fourth embodiment
- FIG. 24 is a sectional view showing a wide field mode of the optical element of the fourth embodiment.
- the optical element 14 in the fourth embodiment is provided on the first transparent substrate 21 in addition to the same configuration as the optical element 11 in the first embodiment described above. It is characterized in that it has another transparent conductive film (second transparent conductive film) 54. That is, another transparent conductive film 54 is disposed on the first transparent substrate 21, and the conductive light shielding pattern 30 and the light transmission region 40 are sequentially formed and disposed on the other transparent conductive film 54. .
- the film thickness of another transparent conductive film 54 is suitably in the range of 10 [nm] to 1000 [nm], and in the fourth embodiment, this is set to 100 [nm].
- ITO ITO, ZnO, IGZO, or the like can be adopted. In the fourth embodiment, ITO is adopted from these.
- FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view showing a narrow-field mode of the optical element of the fifth embodiment
- FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view showing a wide-field mode of the optical element of the fifth embodiment.
- the optical element 15 in the fifth embodiment is formed on the first transparent substrate 21 in addition to the same configuration as the optical element 11 in the first embodiment described above. It is characterized in that it has another transparent conductive film (third transparent conductive film) 55 provided on the conductive light shielding pattern 30. That is, another transparent conductive film 55 is disposed on the conductive light shielding pattern 30 disposed on the first transparent substrate 21, and the light transmission region 40 is formed and disposed on the other transparent conductive film 55. ing.
- the film thickness of another transparent conductive film 55 is preferably in the range of 10 [nm] to 1000 [nm]. In the fifth embodiment, the film thickness is set to 100 [nm]. Moreover, ITO, ZnO, IGZO, etc. can be employ
- the optical element 15 and the like are manufactured through a process of forming another transparent conductive film 55 after forming the conductive light shielding pattern 30, another transparent conductive film is formed by forming the conductive light shielding pattern 30. 55 is not damaged (because there is no fear of damaging the other transparent conductive film 55 when forming the conductive light-shielding pattern 30), the conduction by the other transparent conductive film 55 is ensured. As a result, it is possible to realize light direction control with better operational stability.
- Other steps of the configuration and the manufacturing method are the same as those described in the first to fourth embodiments, and the other operations and effects are also the same.
- FIG. 39 is a cross-sectional view showing the optical element of the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 39 (a) shows the narrow field mode
- FIG. 39 (b) shows the wide field mode.
- FIGS. 39A and 39B in the optical element 710 in the sixth embodiment, in addition to the same configuration as the optical element 11 in the first embodiment described above, in the first transparent substrate 21 Further, the present embodiment is characterized in that an antireflection pattern 800 provided between the conductive light shielding pattern 30 and the first transparent substrate 21 formed thereon is provided.
- the antireflection pattern 800 and the conductive light shielding pattern 30 are sequentially disposed on the first transparent substrate 21, and the antireflection pattern 800 and the conductive light shielding pattern 30 are not formed on the first transparent substrate 21.
- a light transmission region 40 is formed and disposed on the substrate.
- ITO As a constituent material of the antireflection pattern 800, ITO, Cr 2 O 3 , titanium nitride, aluminum nitride, carbon nanowire, or the like can be adopted, and ITO is also adopted in the sixth embodiment.
- the film thickness of the antireflection pattern 800 is preferably in the range of 10 [nm] to 1000 [nm], and in the sixth embodiment, the film thickness is set to 100 [nm].
- FIG. 41 is a cross-sectional view showing the optical element of the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 41 (a) shows a narrow field mode
- FIG. 41 (b) shows a wide field mode.
- FIGS. 41A and 41B in the optical element 810 in the seventh embodiment, in addition to the same configuration as the optical element 710 in the sixth embodiment described above, light is transmitted from the transparent conductive film 50 side. So that the front and back surfaces of the optical element are reversed.
- the transparent conductive film 50 is disposed on the light incident side, and the conductive light shielding pattern 30 and the antireflection pattern 800 are disposed on the light emitting side, so that the surface of the conductive light shielding pattern 30 is formed as shown in FIG. Since the electrophoretic particles 61 are always arranged, it is possible to prevent the generation of a double image due to the reflection of the incident light 750, and the reflection of the external light 850 on the surface of the conductive light shielding pattern 30 is also prevented from occurring. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a decrease in contrast due to external light reflection.
- the optical element described in each embodiment can be applied not only to a liquid crystal display device but also to other display devices including a display panel, such as an organic EL display, an inorganic EL display, an LED display, and a plasma display. it can.
- a display panel such as an organic EL display, an inorganic EL display, an LED display, and a plasma display.
- various usage forms such as a form in which the optical element is directly attached to the surface of the display panel and a form in which the optical element is mounted in a display device can be assumed.
- optical element 11 of the first embodiment described above is applied to various display devices and the like has been shown, but instead, this will be described in the second to seventh embodiments.
- Each optical element (12 to 15, 710, 810, etc.) may be applied. Therefore, in the following description, the optical elements 11 to 15, 710, 810 and the like will be collectively referred to as the optical element 10 unless otherwise specified.
- the display device 110 illustrated in FIG. 29 is provided between the optical control element 200, a planar light source (backlight) 300 that illuminates the optical control element 200, and the optical control element 200 and the planar light source 300. And the optical element 10.
- the optical element 10 has a configuration capable of realizing a narrow-field mode and a wide-field mode as described in the above embodiments.
- the planar light source 300 includes a light source 310 typified by a cold cathode tube, a light guide plate 320 that uniformly emits incident light from the light source 310 from its surface, and the light guide plate 320.
- the reflection sheet 330 that reflects the light emitted from the back surface toward the front surface
- the diffusion plate 340 that diffuses the light incident from the light guide plate 320
- the first and second prism sheets 350a and 350b to be improved, and the light that has passed through the first and second prism sheets 350a and 350b is incident on the optical control element 200 via the optical element 10.
- the composition is taken.
- the light guide plate 320 is made of acrylic resin or the like, and light incident from the light source 310 is propagated to one end face thereof and is uniformly emitted from the surface (predetermined side face) side. It is configured as follows.
- a reflection sheet 330 that reflects the light emitted from the back surface toward the front surface. Further, the other end surface and side surface of the light guide plate 320 are similarly provided from each of these surfaces. Reflecting means (not shown) for reflecting the emitted light toward the surface is provided.
- the light emitted from the surface of the light guide plate 320 is configured to enter the optical control element 200 via the diffusion plate 340 and the first and second prism sheets 350a and 350b.
- the diffusion plate 340 is for diffusing the light incident from the light guide plate 320.
- the left and right ends of the light guide plate 320 have a structure in which the light emitted from the light guide plate 320 has a different luminance, so that the light from the light guide plate 320 is diffused by the diffusion plate 340.
- the first and second prism sheets 350 a and 350 b have a function of improving the luminance of light incident from the light guide plate 320 through the diffusion plate 340.
- the first prism sheet 350a is composed of a plurality of prisms arranged in a constant direction at a constant period, and the second prism sheet 350b has the same configuration as this, but the regular arrangement of each prism in each is arranged.
- the directions are configured to cross each other. That is, a configuration is adopted in which the regular arrangement direction of each prism in the second prism sheet 350b intersects the regular arrangement direction of each prism in the first prism sheet 350a. Since the first and second prism sheets 350a and 350b function effectively, the directivity of the light diffused by the diffusion plate 340 can be enhanced.
- the optical control element 200 has a structure in which the liquid crystal layer 210 is sandwiched between the first substrates 220a and 220b.
- the first substrate 220a is provided with a color filter 230 on one surface (the surface on the liquid crystal layer 210 side) and a first polarizing plate / retardation plate 240a on the other surface.
- a second polarizing plate / retardation plate 240b is provided on the surface of the second substrate 220b opposite to the surface on the liquid crystal layer 210 side.
- R (red), G (green), and B (blue) color filters are arranged in a matrix in an area partitioned by a black matrix formed of a layer that absorbs light.
- Each color filter corresponds to a pixel, and its pitch is constant.
- the liquid crystal layer 210 can switch between a transparent state and a light-shielding state for each pixel in accordance with a control signal from a control device (not shown). By this state switching, incident light is spatially changed. Can be modulated.
- the display device 120 includes a transparent adhesive layer 290 interposed between the optical control element 200 and the optical element 10 in addition to the components of the display device 110 described above.
- the surface of the optical element 10 on the second transparent substrate 22 side is attached to the optical control element 200, the generation of scattered light between them can be suppressed, and thus the transmittance is improved.
- the luminance of the display device can be further increased.
- the illumination light of the optical control element 200 received from the planar light source 300 is controlled to converge or not converge in the front direction of the screen. Can be performed in advance by the optical element 10, so that it is possible to appropriately select a state where the viewing angle is narrow and a state where the viewing angle is wide according to the preference of the observer.
- the display device 130 is configured by changing the arrangement of the components in the display device 110 described above. That is, the above-described display device 110 employs a configuration in which the planar light source 300, the optical element 10, and the optical control element 200 are arranged in this order, whereas the display device 130 includes the optical control element included therein.
- the optical control element 200 is directly illuminated by the light that has passed through the first and second prism sheets 350a and 350b.
- the light that has passed through the first and second prism sheets 350a and 350b is incident on the second polarizing plate / retardation plate 240b, and the light that has passed through the polarizing plate / retardation plate 240b Then, the light enters the liquid crystal layer 210 via the second substrate 220b and is subjected to spatial modulation on a pixel-by-pixel basis.
- the light (modulated light) that has passed through the liquid crystal layer 210 sequentially passes through the color filter 230 and the first substrate 220a, and enters the first polarizing plate / retardation plate 240a.
- the light that has passed through the first polarizing plate / retardation plate 240 a is emitted through the optical element 10.
- the optical element 10 may be attached to the first polarizing plate / retardation plate 240a of the optical control element 200 through the transparent adhesive layer 290.
- the surface reflection loss at the interface between the optical element 10 and the first polarizing plate / retardation plate 240a can be reduced, so that the luminance of the display device can be further increased.
- the display device is arranged on a display (optical control element 200) having a display surface for displaying an image and the display surface of the display.
- a display optical control element 200
- a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, an inorganic EL display, a field emission display, a cathode ray tube, a fluorescent display tube, or the like can be adopted.
- the display and the optical element 10 may be fixed with a transparent adhesive layer 290.
- the display device when a liquid crystal display is employed as the display, the display device according to the present embodiment is provided with a backlight that is disposed on the back side of the liquid crystal display and irradiates light on the liquid crystal display.
- the liquid crystal display and the optical element 10 may be fixed by the transparent adhesive layer 290.
- the light emitted from the optical control element 200 is converged in the front direction of the screen by the optical element 10 disposed in the forefront of the device. Can not converge. That is, since the light passing through the optical element 10 is configured to reach the observer directly, the light emitted from the optical element 10 is not scattered, refracted, reflected, or the like. Therefore, the display device in which the optical element is mounted is used. In comparison, a clear image with higher resolution can be provided.
- the first and second polarizing plates / retardation plates 240a and 240b having a structure in which a polarizing plate and a retardation plate are laminated are used as the constituent members of the optical control element 200.
- the structural member which the display apparatus in this embodiment has is not limited to this structure. That is, for example, a member composed only of a polarizing plate (having no retardation plate) may be employed instead of one or both of the first and second polarizing plates / retardation plates 240a and 240b. Good.
- a hard coat layer for preventing scratches, an antireflection layer for preventing reflection of external light, or the like may be formed on the surface of the optical element 10.
- the optical element 10 according to the present invention can be widely applied to a portable information processing terminal such as a mobile phone, a notebook personal computer, a feature phone, a smartphone, a tablet, or a PDA. Therefore, based on FIG. 33 showing an application example to such an electronic device, the optical element 10 and the back surface of the first transparent substrate 21 included in the optical element 10 (a surface opposite to the main surface 21a: see FIG. 1). The contents of the configuration of the electronic apparatus according to the present embodiment including the light source provided in () are described.
- the electronic device 150 illustrated in FIG. 33A includes the display devices 110, 120, 130, and 140 described above in the device main body (electronic device main body) 151 provided with display means for displaying an image toward the outside. It adopts a configuration (corresponding to the above-mentioned smartphone) in which any one is equipped.
- the electronic device 160 illustrated in FIG. 33B includes a device main body 161 having a display unit 161A and an operation / control unit 162B, and a mouse 162 for operation by a user, and the device main body 161 (display unit 161A).
- One of the display devices 110, 120, 130, and 140 described above is provided in the inside (corresponding to the above-described notebook personal computer).
- a control device provided in the terminal receives input from an input device such as a mouse, a keyboard, or a touch panel, and displays necessary information on a display device equipped as a display unit. It is the structure which performs the control.
- any one of the display devices 110, 120, 130, and 140 described above may be applied to various plasma display devices.
- any one of the micro louvers in the first to third embodiments described above is adopted as the optical element 10.
- the illumination optical device 170 includes a planar light source 300 and an optical element 10, and the planar light source 300 transmits a light source 310 such as a cold-cathode tube and incident light from the surface from the surface as described above.
- a light guide plate 320 that uniformly emits light
- a reflection sheet 330 that reflects light emitted from the back surface of the light guide plate 320 toward the front surface
- a diffusion plate 340 that diffuses incident light from the light guide plate 320
- the first and second prism sheets 350a and 350b that improve the luminance of light incident from the light guide plate 320 via 340 are provided.
- the light guide plate 320 made of acrylic resin or the like is configured such that light incident on one end face from the light source 310 propagates through the light guide plate 320 and is uniformly emitted from the surface (predetermined side face) side.
- a reflection sheet 330 that reflects light emitted from the back surface toward the front surface is provided on the back surface side. Reflecting means (not shown) is also provided on the other end face and side face of the light guide plate 320 as described above.
- the light emitted from the surface of the light guide plate 320 enters the optical element 10 via the diffusion plate 340 and the first and second prism sheets 350a and 350b.
- the light from the light guide plate 320 is diffused by the diffusion plate 340, and further, the light incident from the light guide plate 320 via the diffusion plate 340 is diffused.
- the first and second prism sheets 350a and 350b are configured to improve the luminance.
- the optical element 10 causes the light emitted from the planar light source 300 to converge or not converge in the front direction of the screen, so that a wide range can be illuminated. It is possible to select a state in which the light emission angle is wide and a state in which the light emission angle that can illuminate only the vicinity immediately below the illumination optical device 170 is narrow according to the preference of the observer.
- a cold cathode tube has been described as an example of the light source 310, but is not limited thereto. That is, a white LED or a three-color LED may be used as the light source.
- the side light type light source is described as an example (see FIGS. 29 to 32 and 34), but the present invention is not limited to this, and a configuration using a direct light source is used. May be adopted.
- planar light source 300 is not limited to the content described in the present embodiment, and light sources that emit light such as LED lighting, organic EL lighting, inorganic EL lighting, fluorescent lamps, and light bulbs are arranged in a planar shape. May be adopted.
- the present invention can be widely applied to liquid crystal display devices, EL displays, plasma displays, FED (Field Emission Display), illumination optical devices, and the like, and can effectively control the range of the emission direction of transmitted light. .
- Optical element 11E, 14E, 15E Optical element 21, 22 Transparent substrate 21a, 22a Main surface 30 Conductive light-shielding pattern 30a Surface 35 Electric field applying means 40 Light transmission region 40a Upper surface 40b Side surface 41a, 42a Light transmission pattern width 41b, 42b Light shielding pattern width 50 Transparent conductive film 54, 55 Another transparent conductive film 60 Electrophoretic element 61 Electrophoretic particle 62 Dispersant 70 Photomask 71 Mask pattern 75 Exposure light 80 Protective cover film 90 Adhesive layer 110, 120, 130, 140 Display device 150, 160 Electronic device 170 Illumination optical device 200 Optical control element (display) 210 Liquid crystal layer 220a First substrate 220b Second substrate 230 Color filter 240a First polarizing plate / retardation plate 240b Second polarizing plate / retardation plate 290 Transparent adhesive layer 300 Planar light source 310 Light source 320 Light guide plate 330 Reflective sheet 340 Diffuser 350a First prism sheet
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Abstract
Description
すなわち、外部から印加する電界を調整することにより、図35(a)に示す狭視野モードと図35(b)に示す広視野モードとを任意に切り替え、これにより光750に係る2つの出射状態を実現している。
本発明は、上記問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、特に、入射光の侵入に起因して生じる電気泳動素子の帯電量の低下を緩和させると共に、動作の安定性を確保する光学素子及びその製造方法,該光学素子を有する表示装置,電子機器,及び照明装置の提供を目的とする。
加えて、本発明にかかる他の表示装置では、映像を表示する表示面を備えた液晶ディスプレイと、この液晶ディスプレイの背面側に配置されて当該液晶ディスプレイに光を照射するバックライトと、前記液晶ディスプレイと前記バックライトとの間に配置された上記光学素子と、を有するように構成されている。
本発明における光学素子の第1実施形態を、図1乃至図16に基づいて説明する。
図1は本第1実施形態の光学素子を示す断面図であり、図1(a)は狭視野モード(狭視野状態)、図1(b)は広視野モード(広視野状態)を示している。
図1に示すように、本第1実施形態の光学素子11は、第1の透明基板21と、この第1の透明基板21の表面(主面)21aに形成された導電性遮光パターン30と、この導電性遮光パターン30と相補的な位置に形成されると共にその上面40aを頂面とする互いに離間した複数の光透過領域40と、この各光透過領域40の上面40aに配置された透明導電膜50及び第2の透明基板22と、導電性遮光パターン30と光透過領域40と透明導電膜50との間の空隙に配置された電気泳動素子60とを備えている。
電気泳動素子60は、電気泳動粒子61と分散剤62の混合物である。なお、光透過領域40及び分散剤62の各断面については、見やすくするために、ハッチングを省略して図示する。
ここでは、透明導電膜50に対する導電性遮光パターン30の相対電位を、電気泳動粒子61の表面電荷とは逆の極性とすることで、電気泳動粒子61を導電性遮光パターン30の近傍に集めている。
光透過領域40は、導電性遮光パターン30と相補的な位置に配置されている。
次に、光学素子11の構成内容を、図1に基づいて、より詳細に説明する。
本第1実施形態では、この第1の透明基板21として、ガラス基板製,PET(Poly Ethylene Terephthalate)製,PC(Poly Carbonate)製,又はPEN(Poly
Ethylene Naphthalate)製のものを採用した。
この導電性遮光パターン30の構成材料としては、アルミニウムやクロム,銅,酸化クロム,カーボンナノチューブ等の遮光性導電材料を好適に採用することができ、本第1実施形態では、アルミニウムを採用した。
加えて、導電性遮光パターン30の膜厚は、10[nm]~1000[nm]の範囲が好適であり、本第1実施形態では、これを300[nm]とした。
ここでの「相補的な位置」とは、図1等に示す通り、第1の透明基板21の主面上において、導電性遮光パターン30と光透過領域40とが交互に配置された位置関係をいい、導電性遮光パターン30と光透過領域40とが相互に交わることなく(重なることなく)配置された状態が好ましい。
また、光透過領域40の幅(光透過パターン幅)は、1[μm]~150[μm]の範囲が好適であり、本第1実施形態では、これを20[μm]とした。
さらに、光透過領域40の相互間の幅(遮光パターン幅)は、0.25[μm]~40[μm]の範囲が好適であり、本第1実施形態では、これを5[μm]とした。
すなわち、この場合の光学素子11は、各光透過領域40の幅に相当する光透過パターン幅41aと光透過パターン幅42aとが等しくなるように形成され、電気泳動素子60の幅(光透過領域40の相互間の幅)に相当する遮光パターン幅41bと遮光パターン幅42bとも等しくなるように形成されている。
すなわち、この場合の光学素子11は、光透過パターン幅41aよりも光透過パターン幅42aの方が長くなるように形成されている(41a<42a)。一方で、遮光パターン幅41b,遮光パターン幅42bの長さは、等しくなるように形成されている。
すなわち、この場合の光学素子11は、各光透過領域40による光透過パターン幅41aと、電気泳動素子60の遮光パターン幅41bとが、交互に連続するように配置されている。
ここでは、本第1実施形態にかかる光学素子の製造方法を、その各工程を例示する図12に基づいて説明する。(光学素子11の製造方法は、以下に示す各工程を含む。)
なお、透明感光性樹脂層41は、後述する透過領域形成工程を経て光透過領域40となる部材である。
この露光光照射工程に際しては、マスクパターン71の位置が導電性遮光パターン30と重なるように、フォトマスク70と第1の透明基板21との位置を調整する制御を行う(位置制御工程)。
泳動素子充填工程を、透明基板設置工程に先立って実行し、その後に、光透過領域40及び電気泳動素子60の表面上に透明導電膜50を備えた第2の透明基板22を設置する透明基板設置工程を実施するようにしてもよい。
しかし、このように光透過領域40の一部が導電性遮光パターン30と重なって配置された場合でも、図14に示すように、導電性遮光パターン30の一部は、電気泳動素子60側に露出しているため、電気泳動粒子61を有効に動作させることができる。
こうした成膜方法により、本第1実施形態では、30[μm]~300[μm]の範囲内が妥当である透明感光性樹脂層41の厚さを、60[μm]となるように形成した。
第2の特徴は、可視光領域において、非常に透明性の高い特性を有しているという点である。
また、上述の通り、露光光75の光源としてUV光を用いた本第1実施形態では、波長が365[nm]であり且つ露光量が200[mJ/cm2]であるUV光を露光光75として照射した。
すなわち、透明感光性樹脂層41に現像を実施し、次に熱アニール(熱アニール処理)を120[℃]かつ30[分]という条件で実施することにより、透明感光性樹脂層41に、複数に区画された光透過領域40が形成される(図12(d):透過領域形成工程)。
また、上記「SU-8」で形成した場合における光透過領域40の屈折率は、1.5~1.6となる。
また、同様に、透明感光性樹脂層41のパターニングは、導電性遮光パターン30をフォトマスクとして用いると共に、第1の透明基板21の裏面側から露光光75を照射することによって行うようにしてもよい(図15(c),(d))。
その際、100[mJ/cm2]~1000[mJ/cm2]の範囲内が好適である露光量については、ここでも200[mJ/cm2]となるように設定した。
本第1実施形態における光学素子11では、光が入射する側の電極を遮光導電膜による導電性遮光パターン30で形成するという構成を採ったことから、図16に示すように、電気泳動素子60が垂直入射光に曝されることを防止できるため、電気泳動素子60の光劣化による動作電圧の上昇を抑制することが可能となる。
本発明における光学素子の第2実施形態を、図17乃至20に基づいて説明する。ここで、前述した第1実施形態と同等の構成部材については、同一の符号を用いるものとし、その説明は省略する。
図17は本第2実施形態の光学素子の狭視野モードを示す断面図、図18は本第2実施形態の光学素子の広視野モードを示す断面図である。
図17及び図18に示すように、本第2実施形態における光学素子12では、前述の第1実施形態と同様に、導電性遮光パターン30及び光透過領域40を配置した第1の透明基板21において、光透過領域40の上面40a及び側面40bに保護カバー膜80を配置している点に特徴がある。
また、保護カバー膜80の構成材料としては、シリコン酸化膜やシリコン窒化膜,シリコン酸窒化膜,パラキシリレン樹脂(以下パリレンと略称する),メタクリル樹脂等を採用することができ、本第2実施形態では、この内からシリコン酸化膜を採用した。
したがって、その結果、電気泳動素子60の動作状態が変化しないという安定的な構造となり、良好な動作安定性の光線方向制御を実現することができる。
次に、本第2実施形態における光学素子12の製造方法を、その各工程を例示する図19に基づいて説明する。
導電性遮光パターン30の構成材料,及び透明感光性樹脂層41の形成方法と膜厚及び材料については、前述の第1実施形態と同様である。
また、この照射に先立って、マスクパターン71の位置が導電性遮光パターン30と重なるように、前述の第1実施形態と同様、フォトマスク70と第1の透明基板21との位置調整にかかる制御を行うようにしてもよい(位置制御工程)。
このとき、保護カバー膜80は、図19(e)に示すように、導電性遮光パターン30の上にも形成される。しかし、少なくとも光透過領域40の上面40a及び側面40bが覆われていればよく、必ずしもこのように導電性遮光パターン30を覆う必要はない。
本第2実施形態における光学素子12では、光透過領域40の露出部分である上面40aと側面40bとを保護カバー膜80によって覆うという構成を採用したため、光透過領域40を構成する材料に対して溶解や膨潤などといった影響を与えるような材料から成る電気泳動素子60を用いた場合でも、光透過領域40と電気泳動素子60との接触が防止
されることから、電気泳動素子60による光透過領域40への影響が発生せず、その結果として、良好な動作安定性の光線方向制御を実現することが可能となる。
その他の構成及び製造方法にかかる工程については、前述の第1実施形態において述べた内容と同様であり、他に生じる作用及び効果も同様である。
本発明における光学素子の第3実施形態及びその変形例を、図21及び22に基づいて説明する。ここでは、上述した第1及び第2実施形態と同等の構成部材に、同一の符号を用いるものとし、その説明は省略する。
図21及び図22に示すように、本第3実施形態における光学素子13Aでは、上述した第1実施形態における光学素子11と同様の構成に加えて、光透過領域40と透明導電膜50との間に接着層90を介在させた点に特徴がある。
また、接着層90の構成材料としては、UV硬化性や熱硬化性の透明な樹脂を採用することができ、本第3実施形態では、光透過領域40の構成材料と同じ樹脂を採用した。
本第3実施形態の変形例における光学素子13Bは、図21に示すように、前述の第2実施形態における光学素子12と同様の構成内容に加えて、上記同様の接着層90を設けた点に特徴がある。
接着層90の膜厚及び構成材料については、上記同様である。
本第3実施形態にて説明した、保護カバー膜80がない構造である光学素子13Aと、保護カバー膜80が形成された構造である光学素子13Bとは、双方共に、光透過領域40と透明導電膜50との間への電気泳動粒子61の侵入を防止するための接着層90を有している。
このため、電気泳動粒子61の内の一部が、光学素子の製造工程において、上記侵入電気泳動粒子として配置されてしまうという不都合を未然に防止できることから、透明導電膜50と導電性遮光パターン30との間に電界を形成することにより電気泳動粒子61を導電性遮光パターン30の近傍へと集める際に、余分な移動時間の発生を抑止することが可能となる。
その他の構成及び製造方法にかかる工程については、上述した第1及び第2実施形態にて述べた内容と同様であり、他に生じる作用及び効果も同様である。
本発明における光学素子の第4実施形態を、図23乃至25に基づいて説明する。
ここで、前述した第1乃至第3実施形態と同等の構成部材については、同一の符号を用いるものとし、その説明は省略する。
図23及び図24に示すように、本第4実施形態における光学素子14では、上述した第1実施形態における光学素子11と同様の構成に加えて、第1の透明基板21の上に設けた別の透明導電膜(第2透明導電膜)54を有する点に特徴がある。
すなわち、第1の透明基板21の上に別の透明導電膜54を配置し、この別の透明導電膜54の上に導電性遮光パターン30と光透過領域40とを順次形成し配置させている。
別の透明導電膜54の構成材料としては、ITO,ZnO,又はIGZO等を採用することができ、本第4実施形態では、これらの中からITOを採用した。
本第4実施形態における光学素子14では、外部から電界を印加することができる別の透明導電膜54を第1の透明基板21上に設け、この上に導電性遮光パターン30を形成するという構成及び製造工程を採用したため、導電性遮光パターン30に断線や位置ずれ(製造状況に起因する電気泳動素子60との相対的な位置ずれ)等が生じた場合でも、別の透明導電膜54を用いて有効にモード切替制御等を実現することができる。
その他の構成及び製造方法にかかる工程については、上述した第1乃至第3実施形態にて述べた内容と同様であり、他に生じる作用及び効果も同様である。
本発明における光学素子の第5実施形態を、図26乃至28に基づいて説明する。
ここでは、前述した第1乃至第4実施形態と同等の構成部材に、同一の符号を用いるものとし、その説明は省略する。
図26,図27に示すように、本第5実施形態における光学素子15では、上述した第1実施形態における光学素子11と同様の構成に加えて、第1の透明基板21において、そこに形成した導電性遮光パターン30の上に設けた別の透明導電膜(第3透明導電膜)55を有する点に特徴がある。
すなわち、第1の透明基板21上に配置した導電性遮光パターン30の上に別の透明導電膜55を配置して、この別の透明導電膜55の上に光透過領域40を形成し配置させている。
また、別の透明導電膜55の構成材料としては、ITOやZnO,IGZO等を採用することができ、本第5実施形態においてもITOを採用した。
上記の通り、導電性遮光パターン30が形成された第1の透明基板21の上に別の透明導電膜55を配設すれば、図28に示す光学素子15Eのように、導電性遮光パターン30と光透過領域40との相対的な位置関係がずれた場合でも、別の透明導電膜55により電気泳動素子60を有効に動作させることができる。
また、導電性遮光パターン30に断線等が発生したような場合でも、前述の第4実施形態と同様に、別の透明導電膜55によって導通が確保できるため、導電性遮光パターン30の断線に起因した動作不良等の発生も防ぐことができる。
その他の構成及び製造方法にかかる工程については、上述した第1乃至第4実施形態にて述べた内容と同様であり、他に生じる作用及び効果も同様である。
本発明における光学素子の第6実施形態を、図39乃至40に基づいて説明する。
ここでは、前述した第1乃至第5実施形態と同等の構成部材に、同一の符号を用いるものとし、その説明は省略する。
図40(a)に示すように、第1の透明基板21の表面に直接導電性遮光パターン30を配置すると、第1の透明基板21と導電性遮光パターン30の界面で入射光750が反射して反射光780が出射することで画質が低下する。これに対して図40(b)に示すように、第1の透明基板21と導電性遮光パターン30の間に反射防止パターン800を配置することで、反射光780の発生を防止できるため、画質低下を防止することができる。
本発明における光学素子の第7実施形態を、図41乃至42に基づいて説明する。
ここでは、前述した第1乃至第6実施形態と同等の構成部材に、同一の符号を用いるものとし、その説明は省略する。
上記の通り、光入射側に透明導電膜50を配置し、光出射側に導電性遮光パターン30及び反射防止パターン800を配置することで、図42に示すように、導電性遮光パターン30の表面には常に電気泳動粒子61が配置されている為に、入射光750の反射による二重像の発生が防止可能であり、外光850の導電性遮光パターン30の表面での反射も反射防止パターン800によって防止されるので、外光反射によるコントラストの低下も防止することができる。
以上、各実施形態において説明した光学素子は、液晶表示装置だけではなく、表示パネルを備えた他の表示装置、例えば有機ELディスプレイや無機ELディスプレイ,LEDディスプレイ,プラズマディスプレイ等にも適用することができる。
また、本発明にかかる光学素子の使用形態としては、表示パネルの表面に直に貼り付けて使用する形態や、表示装置内に搭載する形態など、種々の使用形態を想定することができる。
そこで以下では、特に記載がない限り、上記各光学素子11乃至15、710、810等を、光学素子10と総称して各説明を行う。
まず、本発明の他の実施形態における、光学素子10を内部に搭載する表示装置を、図29乃至図32に基づいて説明する。
導光板320の左右端では、その構造上、射出した光の輝度が異なるため、この導光板320からの光を拡散板340で拡散させる、という構成を採っている。
第1のプリズムシート350aは、一定方向に一定周期で配置した複数のプリズムからなり、第2のプリズムシート350bも、これと同様の構成を採っているが、各々における各プリズムの規則的な配置方向は、相互に交差するように構成されている。
すなわち、第2のプリズムシート350bにおける各プリズムの規則的な配置方向が、第1のプリズムシート350aにおける各プリズムの規則的な配置方向に対して交差する、という構成を採っている。
これら第1,第2のプリズムシート350a,350bが有効に機能するため、拡散板340にて拡散された光の指向性を強めることができる。
第2基板220bにおける液晶層210側の面とは反対の面には、第2の偏光板・位相差板240bが設けられている。
学制御素子200における第2の偏光板・位相差板240bに貼り付けるという構成を採ってもよい。すなわち、この表示装置120は、前述した表示装置110が有する各構成内容に加え、光学制御素子200と光学素子10との間に介在する透明接着層290を有している。
すなわち、前述の表示装置110では、面状光源300と光学素子10と光学制御素子200とを、この順に配設した構成を採っているのに対し、表示装置130では、この内の光学制御素子200と光学素子10とを入れ替えた配置構成となっているため、第1,第2のプリズムシート350a,350bを通過した光によって、光学制御素子200が直接的に照明される。
液晶層210を通過した光(変調光)は、カラーフィルタ230,第1基板220aを順次通過して、第1の偏光板・位相差板240aに入射する。
第1の偏光板・位相差板240aを通過した光は、光学素子10を介して出射される。
また、上記ディスプレイと光学素子10とが透明接着層290で固定されている、という構成を採ってもよい。
この場合、上記液晶ディスプレイと光学素子10とを透明接着層290にて固定するように構成してもよい。
すなわち、光学素子10を通過した光が観察者に直接届くように構成したため、光学素子10から出射した光の散乱・屈折・反射等が発生しないことから、光学素子を内部に搭載する表示装置に比べて、さらに解像度の高い鮮明な画像を提供することが可能となる。
すなわち、例えば、偏光板のみから成る(位相差板を有しない)部材を、第1,第2の偏光板・位相差板240a,240bの何れか一方又は双方に代えて採用するようにしてもよい。
本発明にかかる光学素子10は、携帯電話機,ノート型パーソナルコンピュータ,フィーチャーフォン,スマートフォン,タブレット,又はPDA等といった携帯型の情報処理端末にも、広く適用することができる。
そこで、こうした電子機器への適用例を示した図33に基づいて、光学素子10と,この光学素子10が有する第1の透明基板21の背面(主面21aとは反対の面:図1参照)に設けられた光源と、を備えた本実施形態の電子機器にかかる構成内容を説明する。
また、図33(b)に例示した電子機器160は、表示部161A及び操作・制御部162Bを有する機器本体161と、ユーザによる操作用のマウス162とを備え、機器本体161(表示部161A)内には、上述した各表示装置110,120,130,140の何れか1つが装備されている(上記ノート型パーソナルコンピュータに相当)。
続いて、本発明にかかる光学素子を搭載する本実施形態の照明光学装置(照明装置)の構成内容を、図34に基づいて説明する。
また、ここに示す照明光学装置170には、光学素子10として、上述した第1乃至第3実施形態におけるマイクロルーバーの何れか1つを採用するものとする。
11E,14E,15E 光学素子
21,22 透明基板
21a,22a 主面
30 導電性遮光パターン
30a 表面
35 電界印加手段
40 光透過領域
40a 上面
40b 側面
41a,42a 光透過パターン幅
41b,42b 遮光パターン幅
50 透明導電膜
54,55 別の透明導電膜
60 電気泳動素子
61 電気泳動粒子
62 分散剤
70 フォトマスク
71 マスクパターン
75 露光光
80 保護カバー膜
90 接着層
110,120,130,140 表示装置
150,160 電子機器
170 照明光学装置
200 光学制御素子(ディスプレイ)
210 液晶層
220a 第1基板
220b 第2基板
230 カラーフィルタ
240a 第1の偏光板・位相差板
240b 第2の偏光板・位相差板
290 透明接着層
300 面状光源
310 光源
320 導光板
330 反射シート
340 拡散板
350a 第1のプリズムシート
350b 第2のプリズムシート
410,510,710,810 光学素子
421,422,521 透明基板
440,540 光透過領域
451,452,551 透明導電膜
460,560,660 電気泳動素子
522 別の透明基板
552 別の透明導電膜
610 電気泳動表示素子
620 基材
620A 凹部
621 透明基材
650 アルミ電極
651 透明電極
690 接着剤
750 光(入射光)
780 反射光
800 反射防止パターン
850 外光
Claims (20)
- 互いの主面が対向するように配置された第1及び第2の透明基板と、
前記第1の透明基板の主面側に配置された導電性遮光パターンと、
前記第2の透明基板の主面に配置された透明導電膜と、
前記第1の透明基板上に配置された複数の光透過領域と、
隣接する前記各光透過領域の間に配置された、特定の電荷を帯び且つ遮光性の電気泳動粒子と透過性の分散剤とから成る電気泳動素子と、を有し、
前記導電性遮光パターンと前記透明導電膜との間の電位差が外部から調整されることにより、前記電気泳動粒子の分散状態が変化して、前記各光透過領域及び分散剤を透過する光の出射方向の範囲が変化する構成としたことを特徴とする光学素子。 - 互いの主面が対向するように配置された第1及び第2の透明基板と、
前記第1の透明基板の主面側に配置された導電性遮光パターンと、
前記第2の透明基板の主面に配置された透明導電膜と、
前記透明基板上に配置された複数の光透過領域と、
隣接する前記各光透過領域の間に配置された、特定の電荷を帯び且つ遮光性の電気泳動粒子と透過性の分散剤とから成る電気泳動素子と、
前記透明導電膜に対する前記導電性遮光パターンの相対電位が、前記電気泳動粒子の表面電荷とは逆の極性となるように電界を印加する電界印加手段と、を有することを特徴とした光学素子。 - 前記請求項1又は2に記載の光学素子において、
前記光透過領域が、前記導電性遮光パターンと相補的な位置に配置されていることを特徴とした光学素子。 - 前記請求項1乃至3の何れか1つに記載の光学素子において、
前記透明導電膜に対する前記導電性遮光パターンの相対電位が、前記電気泳動粒子の表面電荷とは逆の極性となるように調整されることで、当該電気泳動粒子が前記導電性遮光パターンの近傍に集まるように構成したことを特徴とする光学素子。 - 前記請求項1乃至4の何れか1つに記載の光学素子において、
前記光透過領域の表面及び側面に保護カバー膜が形成されていること、を特徴とする光学素子。 - 前記請求項5に記載の光学素子において、
前記保護カバー膜が、シリコン窒化膜,シリコン酸化膜,シリコン酸窒化膜,パラキシリレン樹脂,又はメタクリル樹脂の何れか1つであることを特徴とした光学素子。 - 前記請求項1乃至6の何れか1つに記載の光学素子において、
前記光透過領域と前記透明導電膜との間に透明接着層が配置されていること、を特徴とする光学素子。 - 前記請求項1乃至7の何れか1つに記載の光学素子において、
前記第1の透明基板の主面に別の透明導電膜が配置されており、
前記導電性遮光パターンが、当該別の透明導電膜の表面に配置されていること、を特徴とする光学素子。 - 前記請求項1乃至7の何れか1つに記載の光学素子において、
前記導電性遮光パターンが形成された前記第1の透明基板の主面上に別の透明導電膜が配置されており、
前記各光透過領域が、当該別の透明導電膜の表面に配置されていること、を特徴とする光学素子。 - 前記請求項1乃至9の何れか1つに記載の光学素子において、
前記導電性遮光パターンにおける前記第1の透明基板の主面側の面に、反射防止パターンが配置されていること、を特徴とする光学素子。 - 映像を表示する表示面を備えたディスプレイと、
このディスプレイの前記表示面上に配置された請求項1乃至10の何れか1つに記載の光学素子と、を有することを特徴とした表示装置。 - 前記請求項11に記載の表示装置において、
前記ディスプレイと前記光学素子とが透明接着層で固定されていること、を特徴とした表示装置。 - 前記請求項11又は12に記載の表示装置において、
前記ディスプレイは、液晶ディスプレイ,プラズマディスプレイ,無機ELディスプレイ,フィールドエミッションディスプレイ,ブラウン管,又は蛍光表示管の何れか1つであること、を特徴とする表示装置。 - 映像を表示する表示面を備えた液晶ディスプレイと、
この液晶ディスプレイの背面側に配置されて、当該液晶ディスプレイに光を照射するバックライトと、
前記液晶ディスプレイと前記バックライトとの間に配置された請求項1乃至10の何れか1つに記載の光学素子と、を有すること、を特徴とした表示装置。 - 前記請求項14に記載の表示装置において、
前記液晶ディスプレイと前記光学素子とが透明接着層で固定されていること、を特徴とした表示装置。 - 映像を外部に向けて表示する表示手段を備えた電子機器本体を有すると共に、
前記表示手段として、前記請求項11乃至15の何れか1つに記載の表示装置を装備したこと、を特徴とする電子機器。 - 前記請求項1乃至10の何れか1つに記載の光学素子と、
この光学素子が有する前記第1の透明基板の背面に設けられた光源と、を有すること、
を特徴とした照明装置。 - 第1の透明基板の主面に導電性遮光パターンを形成する遮光パターン形成工程と、この導電性遮光パターンが形成された前記第1の透明基板の主面側に、透明感光性樹脂を積層する感光性樹脂積層工程と、
この積層された透明感光性樹脂に向けて、積層方向に対する平行光から成る露光光を照射する露光光照射工程と、
この露光光が照射された透明感光性樹脂に対して現像処理を施すことにより、複数に区画された光透過領域を形成する透過領域形成工程と、
表面に透明導電膜が形成された第2の透明基板を、当該透明導電膜が前記光透過領域側を向くように設置する透明基板設置工程と、
前記各光透過領域の相互間に存する間隙部分に、特定の電荷を帯びた遮光性の電気泳動粒子と透過性の分散剤との混合物である電気泳動素子を充填して光吸収層を形成する泳動素子充填工程と、を含み、
前記露光光照射工程では、前記導電性遮光パターンの少なくとも一部が、前記各光透過領域の相互間に存する間隙部分に位置するように前記露光光を照射すること、を特徴とした光学素子の製造方法。 - 前記請求項18に記載の光学素子の製造方法において、
前記泳動素子充填工程を、前記透明基板設置工程に先立って実行すること、を特徴とした光学素子の製造方法。 - 前記請求項18又は19に記載の光学素子の製造方法において、
前記露光光照射工程では、前記露光光を、前記第1の透明基板の前記主面とは反対側(裏面側)から照射すること、を特徴とした光学素子の製造方法。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106462025B (zh) | 2019-08-06 |
| JP6443691B2 (ja) | 2018-12-26 |
| JPWO2015122083A1 (ja) | 2017-03-30 |
| US9874799B2 (en) | 2018-01-23 |
| US20170010516A1 (en) | 2017-01-12 |
| CN106462025A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
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