WO2015194324A1 - 複合体 - Google Patents
複合体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015194324A1 WO2015194324A1 PCT/JP2015/064972 JP2015064972W WO2015194324A1 WO 2015194324 A1 WO2015194324 A1 WO 2015194324A1 JP 2015064972 W JP2015064972 W JP 2015064972W WO 2015194324 A1 WO2015194324 A1 WO 2015194324A1
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- Prior art keywords
- glass substrate
- resin
- resin layer
- composite
- layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10366—Reinforcements of the laminated safety glass or glazing against impact or intrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
- B32B27/281—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyimides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/28—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material
- C03C17/32—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material with synthetic or natural resins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/54—Yield strength; Tensile strength
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite, and more particularly, to a composite in which a resin enters a predetermined depth inside a microcrack on the surface of a glass substrate.
- a composite sheet having a glass sheet and a resin layer bonded to the glass sheet has been proposed as a substrate of an electronic device such as an image display panel, a solar battery, or a thin film secondary battery (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- an electronic device such as an image display panel, a solar battery, or a thin film secondary battery
- Patent Document 1 A composite sheet having a glass sheet and a resin layer bonded to the glass sheet is proposed as a substrate of an electronic device such as an image display panel, a solar battery, or a thin film secondary battery.
- the glass substrate is usually subjected to various processes such as a cleaning process, a polishing process, and a cutting process, and microcracks are formed on the surface of the glass substrate.
- various processes such as a cleaning process, a polishing process, and a cutting process, and microcracks are formed on the surface of the glass substrate.
- the present inventors formed a resin layer on a glass substrate that had been subjected to a predetermined treatment and formed microcracks on the surface, and evaluated the characteristics of the composite.
- the glass substrate may be easily broken.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a composite that is unlikely to crack when a tensile stress is applied to a glass substrate having microcracks on the surface.
- the first embodiment of the present invention is a composite comprising a glass substrate having a microcrack on the surface and a resin layer disposed on the glass substrate, wherein at least a part of the inside of the microcrack is provided.
- the resin enters the resin layer, wherein the microcracks to the depth d, the ratio of the resin enters the depth d f of from the glass substrate surface and (d f / d), elongation at break of the resin layer TE ( %) And the yield stress ⁇ S (MPa) of the resin layer (ratio (d f / d) ⁇ breaking elongation TE ⁇ yield stress ⁇ S ) is 400 MPa ⁇ % or more, and the resin layer It is a composite having a tensile elastic modulus E resin of 1.0 GPa or more.
- the glass substrate preferably has an average thickness of 10 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the average thickness of the resin layer is preferably 10 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the resin layer preferably contains polyimide.
- the 2nd form of this invention is an electronic device containing the composite_body
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the composite of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of a glass substrate having microcracks.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of an organic EL panel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a liquid crystal panel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a thin film secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of electronic paper according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the composite of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of a glass substrate having microcracks.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-section
- FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a bending test apparatus for examining the average fracture strength of a glass substrate and a composite according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 9 (A) and 9 (B) are diagrams in which fluorescein is adsorbed on the surface of a glass substrate having microcracks, the glass substrate is broken, and the cross section is observed with an optical microscope (FIG. 9 (A)). ) And a diagram observed with a fluorescence microscope (FIG. 9B).
- the same or corresponding components are denoted by the same or corresponding reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- the figure in this invention is a schematic diagram, and the relationship of the thickness of each layer, a positional relationship, etc. do not necessarily correspond with an actual thing.
- “wt%” and “mass%” are synonymous.
- One of the features of the composite of the present invention is that the properties of the resin layer (breaking elongation, yield stress, tensile elastic modulus) are controlled, and the resin in the resin layer has a predetermined depth in the microcrack of the glass substrate. It is possible to get in.
- the cause of the glass substrate being easily broken is considered to be the presence of microcracks existing on the glass surface.
- the microcracks are expected to develop and break. Therefore, as described above, a desired effect is obtained by the resin having predetermined characteristics entering the microcracks.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of a composite according to the present invention.
- the composite 2 includes a glass substrate 4 and a resin layer 6 disposed on the glass substrate 4. There is a microcrack 8 on the surface of the glass substrate 4 on the resin layer 6 side, and the resin in the resin layer 6 enters at least part of the inside of the microcrack 8.
- the composite 2 may be used as a substrate of an electronic device such as an image display panel, a solar battery, or a thin film secondary battery, and may be formed with various elements.
- the composite 2 may be wound around a winding core or used for manufacturing an electronic device by a roll-to-roll method. In FIG.
- the resin layer 6 is provided only on one side of the glass substrate 4, but the resin layer 6 may be provided on both sides of the glass substrate 4.
- the two resin layers 6 disposed across the glass substrate 4 may have the same thickness or different thicknesses, and may have different physical properties (tensile modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, etc.). It may have physical properties.
- the glass of the glass substrate 4 may be various, and examples thereof include soda lime glass and alkali-free glass.
- the average thickness of the glass substrate 4 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 200 ⁇ m or less. If the average thickness of the glass substrate 4 is 200 ⁇ m or less, the glass substrate 4 can be spirally wound to produce a glass roll.
- the average thickness of the glass substrate 4 is preferably 150 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the average thickness of the glass substrate 4 is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, further preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, and particularly preferably 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the said average thickness is the value which measured the thickness of the arbitrary 10 or more glass substrates 4, and arithmetically averaged them.
- the thickness deviation in the width direction of the glass substrate 4 is preferably 5 ⁇ m or less. “Thickness deviation” means a deviation from the average thickness. If the thickness deviation in the width direction of the glass substrate 4 is 5 ⁇ m or less, the stress generated in the glass substrate 4 at the time of bending deformation of the composite 2 is uniform, and the damage of the glass substrate 4 can be reduced.
- the thickness deviation in the longitudinal direction of the glass substrate 4 is generally smaller than the thickness deviation in the width direction of the glass substrate 4.
- the thickness deviation in the width direction of the glass substrate 4 is more preferably 3 ⁇ m or less, further preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness deviation in the width direction of the glass substrate 4 can be obtained by measuring the uneven shapes on the front and back surfaces of the glass substrate 4 with a laser displacement meter.
- the glass substrate 4 may have a strip shape, and the width of the glass substrate 4 may be 100 mm or more.
- the tension applied to the composite 2 may be uneven in the width direction in the manufacturing process of the electronic device by the roll-to-roll method, and tensile stress is applied to a part of the glass substrate 4. May concentrate. In such a case, the effect of this embodiment (the effect of reducing breakage of the glass substrate 4) appears remarkably.
- the manufacturing method of the glass substrate 4 may be any of a float method, a fusion method, and a redraw method.
- molten glass is flowed on molten tin in a bath and formed into a strip shape. After the formed glass is gradually cooled, the gradually cooled glass is cut into a desired size.
- the fusion method the molten glass overflowing from the bowl-shaped member is merged at the lower end of the bowl-shaped member to form a strip, and after cooling the molded glass, the slowly cooled glass is cut into a desired size.
- a glass substrate is softened with heat and then stretched to a desired thickness, and the stretched glass substrate is solidified.
- microcracks 8 on the surface of the glass substrate 4.
- the microcracks 8 are generated during various processes (cleaning process, polishing process, cutting process, etc.) in manufacturing a glass substrate, or when handling the glass substrate.
- the shape of the microcrack 8 is not particularly limited, and as shown in FIG. 2 which is a plan view of the glass substrate 4 having the microcrack, for example, a shape 8a in which a groove-like recess extends linearly, A concave shape 8b is exemplified.
- the micro crack 8 mainly intends a crack (scratch) of a micro size level or less.
- the size of the depth d of the microcracks 8 is not particularly limited, but the range that can be detected by an electron microscope or the like is often 0.1 ⁇ m or more, and more often 1.0 ⁇ m or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is often 30 ⁇ m or less, and more often 15 ⁇ m or less.
- the size of the width W of the microcrack 8 is not particularly limited, but the range that can be detected by an electron microscope or the like is often 1 nm or more and more often 10 nm or more.
- the resin layer 6 is a layer disposed on the glass substrate 4 and serves as a reinforcing layer that reinforces the fragility of the glass substrate 4.
- the resin layer 6 satisfies the relationship of the following formula (1) with the glass substrate 4 described above.
- Formula (1) (ratio (d f / d)) ⁇ (breaking elongation TE of resin layer) ⁇ (yield stress ⁇ S of resin layer) ⁇ 400 MPa ⁇ %
- the ratio (d f / d) of the resin penetration depth d f (filling depth) from the surface of the glass substrate 4 to the micro crack depth d (resin embedding ratio in the micro crack depth direction) Is not particularly limited as long as the relationship of the above formula (1) is satisfied, but is preferably 0.01 or more in that the composite is more difficult to break (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “the effect of the present invention is more excellent”). 0.05 or more is more preferable, and 0.1 or more is more preferable.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, because it is not the depth d f enters than the depth d of the micro cracks increases, and 1 or less.
- the enter depth d f based on the glass substrate 4 surface, represents the deepest position of the resin intrudes into the interior microcracks.
- the ratio (d f / d) is the average value, to observe 10 or more microcracks, measured and depth d f enter the depth d at each of microcracks, the ratio of each microcracks ( d f / d) is a value obtained by arithmetically averaging the calculated ratio (d f / d) of each microcrack.
- the depth d and the penetration depth df are obtained by directly observing the fracture starting point with an optical microscope after carrying out a fracture test of the composite.
- theoretical values can also be obtained from the fracture stress / stress intensity factor from the basic equation of fracture mechanics (“Destructive Science of Ceramics” P68), and the certainty can be confirmed.
- a fracture origin after breakdown test were observed under a fluorescence microscope, that the size can be measured and compared to the depth d Can do.
- the dye is not particularly limited, but fluorescein and its derivatives are preferable.
- a water-soluble resin having a combined viscosity can be used as the observation resin.
- the evaluation composition is deep.
- the degree of penetration of d into the microcracks is about the same as when the resin layer forming composition is used.
- the water-soluble resin refers to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), hydroxycellulose (HEC), and the like.
- the depth d can also be determined by adsorbing a dye on the inner surface of the microcrack and observing the fracture starting point after the destructive test with a fluorescence microscope.
- FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B a cross section of the glass substrate in the vicinity of the fracture start point after the fluorescein is adsorbed on the surface of the glass substrate having microcracks and subjected to a destructive test is obtained using an optical microscope. And the photograph observed with the fluorescence microscope is shown.
- FIG. 9A is an observation view with an optical microscope
- FIG. 9B is an observation view with a fluorescence microscope.
- the arrow in the figure intends the thickness direction of the glass substrate. Comparing the two, the fluorescence derived from fluorescein adsorbed inside the microcracks can be confirmed on one surface of FIG. 9B (the lower surface of the glass substrate in the drawing).
- the depth d can be calculated from the depth of the fluorescent region.
- the penetration depth d is obtained by dispersing a pigment (for example, fluorescein) in the resin to be applied and observing the cross section of the glass substrate after the destructive test in the same manner as in FIG. 9B. f can also be observed.
- a pigment for example, fluorescein
- the magnitude of the breaking elongation TE (%) of the resin layer 6 is not particularly limited as long as the relationship of the above formula (1) is satisfied, but is preferably 20% or more, more preferably 40% or more in terms of more excellent effects of the present invention. More preferred.
- the measuring method of breaking elongation TE (%) is in accordance with ASTM D882-12.
- the magnitude of the yield stress ⁇ S (MPa) of the resin layer 6 is not particularly limited as long as the relationship of the above formula (1) is satisfied, but 50 MPa or more is preferable and 100 MPa or more is more preferable in terms of more excellent effects of the present invention. .
- the method for measuring the yield stress ⁇ S follows JIS-C-2151: 2006.
- the product of the ratio (d f / d), the breaking elongation TE of the resin layer 6 and the yield stress ⁇ S of the resin layer 6 is 400 MPa ⁇ % (N / mm 2 ⁇ %) Or more.
- the left side of the above formula (1) ((ratio (d f / d)) ⁇ (breaking elongation TE of the resin layer) ⁇ (yield stress ⁇ S of the resin layer) in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent. )) Is preferably 450 MPa ⁇ % or more, and more preferably 500 MPa ⁇ % or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is usually 8000 MPa ⁇ % or less, and more often 2000 MPa ⁇ % or less.
- the cause of the cracking of the glass substrate 4 is that the stress is concentrated on the microcracks 8 present on the surface of the glass substrate 4, so that the glass substrate 4 is easily broken.
- the inventors of the present invention enter the resin that can form the resin layer 6 exhibiting a predetermined breaking elongation TE and yield stress ⁇ S into a predetermined depth inside the microcrack 8, that is, the relationship of the formula (1). By satisfying the above, it has been found that the stress in the direction of further developing the cracks of the microcracks 8 as indicated by the white arrows in FIG. 1 can be suppressed.
- the reason why the glass substrate breaks is that stress concentrates on the microcrack, but when the resin enters (embeds) the microcrack, the energy applied to the microcrack enters. It is distributed to the resin according to the depth that is flowing. At that time, the work done by the resin is expressed by the following formula (X).
- W ′ is the work done by the resin embedded in the microcracks
- ⁇ is the resin embedding rate in the depth direction of the microcracks
- d is the depth of the microcracks
- ⁇ is the yield stress of the resin.
- ⁇ represents the elongation at break of the resin.
- d depth of microcrack
- ⁇ corresponds to the deepest microcrack corresponding to the minimum strength of the glass that has passed through a certain process. Can be considered.
- it is ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ that determine the magnitude of the work amount W ′.
- the present inventors have found that if the product of these three parameters is a predetermined value, the glass substrate is hardly cracked.
- the tensile elastic modulus E resin of the resin layer 6 is 1.0 GPa or more, and 1.5 GPa or more is preferable and 2.0 GPa or more is more preferable in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but usually it is often 15 GPa or less and more often 10 GPa or less.
- the measuring method of the tensile elastic modulus E resin follows JIS-C-2151 (2006).
- the average thickness of the resin layer 6 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less. If the average thickness of the resin layer 6 is 100 ⁇ m or less, the flexibility of the composite 2 can be sufficiently secured. Moreover, if the average thickness of the resin layer 6 is 100 micrometers or less, the curvature by the thermal expansion coefficient difference of resin and glass can be suppressed.
- the average thickness of the resin layer 6 is preferably 90 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 75 ⁇ m or less. Further, the average thickness of the resin layer 6 is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, and further preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, from the viewpoint that the effect of the present invention is more excellent. In addition, the said average thickness is the value which measured the thickness of arbitrary 10 or more resin layers 6, and arithmetically averaged them.
- the resin layer 6 may be formed of only resin, for example.
- the resin layer 6 should just be formed with the material containing resin, for example, may be formed with resin and a filler.
- the filler include fibrous or non-fibrous fillers such as plate-like, scale-like, granular, indefinite shape, and crushed products. Specifically, for example, glass fiber, PAN-based or pitch-based carbon fiber.
- Stainless steel fiber metal fiber such as aluminum fiber and brass fiber, organic fiber such as aromatic polyamide fiber, gypsum fiber, ceramic fiber, asbestos fiber, zirconia fiber, alumina fiber, silica fiber, titanium oxide fiber, silicon carbide fiber, rock Wool, potassium titanate whisker, barium titanate whisker, aluminum borate whisker, silicon nitride whisker, mica, talc, kaolin, silica, calcium carbonate, glass beads, glass flake, glass microballoon, clay, molybdenum disulfide, wollastonite, Titanium oxide, zinc oxide, poly Calcium phosphate, metal powders, metal flakes, metal ribbons, metal oxides, carbon powder, graphite, carbon flake, scaly carbon, and carbon nanotubes.
- metal species of metal powder, metal flakes, and metal ribbons include silver, nickel, copper, zinc, aluminum, stainless steel, iron, brass, chromium, and tin.
- the type of glass fiber or carbon fiber is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used for resin reinforcement, and can be selected and used from, for example, long fiber type, short fiber type chopped strand, milled fiber, and the like.
- the resin layer 6 may be comprised with the woven fabric and nonwoven fabric which were impregnated with resin.
- the resin of the resin layer 6 may be various and may be, for example, either a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin.
- a thermoplastic resin for example, polyimide (PI), epoxy (EP), or the like is used.
- the thermoplastic resin include polyamide (PA), polyamideimide (PAI), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polybenzimidazole (PBI), liquid crystal polymer (LCP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate ( PEN), polyethersulfone (PES), cyclic polyolefin (COP), polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), acrylic (PMMA), urethane (PU), etc. Used.
- the resin layer 6 may be formed with a photocurable resin, and may be a copolymer or a mixture.
- the manufacturing process of the electronic device by the roll-to-roll method may include a process accompanied by heat treatment, and the heat-resistant temperature (continuous usable temperature) of the resin is preferably 100 ° C. or higher.
- the resin having a heat resistant temperature of 100 ° C. or higher include polyimide (PI), epoxy (EP), polyamide (PA), polyamideimide (PAI), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polybenzimidazole (PBI), and polyethylene terephthalate.
- PET polyethylene naphthalate
- PES polyethersulfone
- COP cyclic polyolefin
- PC polycarbonate
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- PMMA acrylic
- PU urethane
- the structure of the polyimide is not particularly limited, but is preferably composed of a repeating unit having a residue (X) of a tetracarboxylic acid and a residue (A) of a diamine represented by the following formula (I).
- a polyimide contains the repeating unit represented by Formula (I) as a main component (95 mol% or more with respect to all the repeating units is preferable), and other repeating units (for example, below-mentioned)
- the repeating unit represented by the formula (2-1) or (2-2) may be included.
- the tetracarboxylic acid residue (X) is a tetracarboxylic acid residue obtained by removing a carboxy group from a tetracarboxylic acid
- the diamine residue (A) is a diamine obtained by removing an amino group from a diamine. Intended for residues.
- X represents a tetracarboxylic acid residue obtained by removing a carboxy group from tetracarboxylic acids
- A represents a diamine residue obtained by removing an amino group from diamines.
- X represents a tetracarboxylic acid residue obtained by removing a carboxy group from tetracarboxylic acids, and at least one selected from the group consisting of groups represented by the following formulas (X1) to (X4) It preferably consists of a group.
- the group consisting of groups represented by the following formulas (X1) to (X4) in which 50 mol% or more (preferably 80 to 100 mol%) of the total number of X is more excellent in the effect of the present invention.
- the group consisting of groups represented by the following formulas (A1) to (A8) comprises at least one group selected from: More preferably, substantially all (100 mol%) of the total number of X is composed of at least one group selected from the group consisting of groups represented by the following formulas (X1) to (X4).
- A represents a diamine residue obtained by removing an amino group from diamines, and preferably comprises at least one group selected from the group consisting of groups represented by the following formulas (A1) to (A8).
- 80 to 100 mol% of the total number of X comprises at least one group selected from the group consisting of groups represented by the following formulas (X1) to (X4).
- 80 to 100 mol% of the total number of A is composed of at least one group selected from the group consisting of groups represented by the following formulas (A1) to (A8).
- the total number (100 mol%) is composed of at least one group selected from the group consisting of groups represented by the following formulas (X1) to (X4), and substantially the total number of A (100 More preferably, the mol%) comprises at least one group selected from the group consisting of groups represented by the following formulas (A1) to (A8).
- X is preferably a group represented by the formula (X1) and a group represented by the formula (X4), and more preferably a group represented by the formula (X1) in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent. preferable.
- the group represented by the formula (A1) and the group represented by the formula (A6) are preferable, and the group represented by the formula (A1) is more preferable in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent. .
- X is a group represented by formula (X1) Yes, polyimide 1 in which A is a group represented by formula (A1), and polyimide 2 in which X is a group represented by formula (X4) and A is a group represented by formula (A6) Preferably mentioned.
- polyimide 1 it is more excellent in heat resistance.
- polyimide 2 it is preferable in terms of colorless and transparent.
- the number of repeating units (n) represented by the above formula (I) in the polyimide is not particularly limited, but is preferably an integer of 2 or more, and 10 to 10,000 is preferable in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent. Preferably, 15 to 1000 is more preferable.
- the polyimide may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of the groups exemplified below as the residue (X) of the tetracarboxylic acids within a range not impairing the heat resistance. Moreover, 2 or more types of groups illustrated below may be included.
- the polyimide may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of the groups exemplified below as the residue (A) of the diamine within a range not impairing the heat resistance.
- the residue (A) of the diamine within a range not impairing the heat resistance.
- 2 or more types of groups illustrated below may be included.
- the resin layer 6 may cover a portion where it is desired to suppress the cracking of the glass substrate 4, and may have a form covering at least a part of one main surface of the resin layer 6.
- the resin layer 6 preferably covers the entire one main surface of the glass substrate 4.
- the resin layer 6 may protrude from one main surface of the glass substrate 4.
- the production method of the resin layer 6 is not particularly limited, and optimal conditions are appropriately selected according to the material to be used. However, a liquid resin composition is applied on the glass substrate 4 in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent. A method of forming the resin layer 6 by solidification is then mentioned.
- the production method preferably includes the following steps (1) and (2).
- Step (1) is a step of applying a curable resin, which becomes a polyimide resin having a repeating unit represented by the above formula (I), by thermal curing on the glass substrate 4 to obtain a coating film.
- the curable resin contains a polyamic acid obtained by reacting a tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a diamine, and at least a part of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is represented by the following formulas (Y1) to (Y4).
- At least one tetracarboxylic dianhydride selected from the group consisting of the following compounds, wherein at least a part of the diamines is selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following formulas (B1) to (B8): It is preferable to consist of at least one diamine.
- the polyamic acid is usually represented as a structural formula containing a repeating unit represented by the following formula (2-1) and / or formula (2-2).
- formulas (2-1) and (2-2) the definitions of X and A are the same as the definitions of X and A in formula (I), respectively.
- the reaction conditions of tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamines are not particularly limited, and the reaction is preferably carried out at ⁇ 30 to 70 ° C. (preferably ⁇ 20 to 40 ° C.) from the viewpoint that polyamic acid can be synthesized efficiently.
- the mixing ratio of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine is not particularly limited, but the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is preferably 0.66 to 1.5 mol, more preferably 0.
- the reaction may be 9 to 1.1 mol, more preferably 0.97 to 1.03 mol.
- an organic solvent may be used as necessary.
- the type of organic solvent to be used is not particularly limited.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-diethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-diethylformamide N-methylcaprolactam, hexamethylphosphoramide, tetramethylene sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide, m-cresol, phenol, p-chlorophenol, 2-chloro-4-hydroxytoluene, diglyme, triglyme, tetraglyme, Dioxane, ⁇ -butyrolactone, dioxolane, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone and the like can be used, and two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- the curable resin used in this step is a tetracarboxylic dianhydride or diamine that can react with the polyamic acid. You may use what added the kind.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydride or diamine is added in addition to polyamic acid, two or more polyamic acid molecules having a repeating unit represented by formula (2-1) or formula (2-2) are converted to tetracarboxylic acid diacid. It can be coupled via anhydrides or diamines.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydride may be added, and added so that the carboxyl group is 0.9 to 1.1 mol with respect to 1 mol of the polyamic acid. It's okay.
- diamines may be added, and the amino group may be added in an amount of 0.9 to 1.1 mol per mol of the polyamic acid.
- the acid terminal may be obtained by opening the terminal acid anhydride group by adding water or any alcohol.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride to be added later is more preferably a compound represented by the formulas (Y1) to (Y4).
- the diamines to be added later are preferably diamines having an aromatic ring, and more preferably compounds represented by the formulas (B1) to (B8).
- the polymerization degree (n) of the polyamic acid having a repeating unit represented by the formula (2-1) or the formula (2-2) is 1 to 20 Is preferred. When the degree of polymerization (n) is within this range, the viscosity of the curable resin solution can be reduced even when the polyamic acid concentration in the curable resin solution is 30% by mass or more.
- components other than the curable resin may be used.
- a solvent may be used.
- the curable resin may be dissolved in a solvent and used as a curable resin solution (curable resin solution).
- an organic solvent is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of the solubility of the polyamic acid.
- the organic solvent used the organic solvent used in the case of the reaction mentioned above is mentioned.
- the content of the organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as the thickness of the coating film can be adjusted and the coating property can be improved. 5 to 95% by mass is preferable with respect to the total mass of the solution, and 10 to 90% by mass is more preferable.
- a dehydrating agent or a dehydrating ring closure catalyst for promoting dehydration ring closure of the polyamic acid may be used together.
- the dehydrating agent for example, acid anhydrides such as acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, and trifluoroacetic anhydride can be used.
- a dehydration ring closure catalyst tertiary amines, such as a pyridine, a collidine, a lutidine, a triethylamine, can be used, for example.
- the method for applying the curable resin (or curable resin solution) on the surface of the glass substrate is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used. Examples thereof include spray coating, die coating, spin coating, dip coating, roll coating, bar coating, screen printing, and gravure coating.
- the thickness of the coating film obtained by the above treatment is not particularly limited, and is appropriately adjusted so that the polyimide resin layer having the desired thickness described above can be obtained.
- Step (2) is a step of forming a polyimide resin layer by heat-treating the coating film.
- a ring closing reaction of polyamic acid contained in the curable resin proceeds, and a desired resin layer is formed.
- the method for the heat treatment is not particularly limited, and a known method (for example, a method in which a support substrate with a coating film is left standing in a heating oven and heated) is appropriately used.
- the heating temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably 300 to 500 ° C., 350 to 450 ° C. is more preferable in that the residual solvent ratio is lowered, the imidization ratio is further increased, and the effects of the present invention are more excellent. preferable.
- the temperature is hereinafter also referred to as imidization temperature. As will be described later, it is preferable to gradually raise the heating temperature to the imidization temperature from the viewpoint that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- the heating time is not particularly limited, and an optimal time is appropriately selected depending on the structure of the curable resin to be used. However, the residual solvent ratio is lowered, the imidization ratio is further increased, and the effect of the present invention is further improved.
- the temperature rising time from room temperature to the imidization temperature is preferably 30 to 180 minutes, more preferably 60 to 120 minutes.
- the temperature rising time from the temperature in the case of a drying heat processing to imidation temperature should just be the said range.
- the temperature increase rate at the time of temperature increase is not particularly limited, and it is preferable to increase the temperature at a substantially constant rate (a constant temperature increase rate).
- the heating start temperature drying temperature when dry heat treatment is performed
- a predetermined value It is preferable that it is the value which remove
- the heating start temperature is 120 ° C.
- the imidization temperature is 350 ° C.
- the heating time is 120 minutes
- the heating rate is about (350 ⁇ 120) /120 ⁇ 1.9° C./min. Is preferred.
- the holding time at the imidization temperature is preferably 30 to 120 minutes.
- the heating atmosphere is not particularly limited, and is performed, for example, in the air, under vacuum, or under an inert gas. Note that the heat treatment may be performed stepwise at different temperatures. In addition, you may implement the drying heat processing for removing the volatile component (solvent) in a coating film before the process at the said heating temperature as needed.
- the temperature condition of the drying heat treatment is not particularly limited, but the heat treatment at 40 to 200 ° C. is preferable in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent. Further, the drying time is not particularly limited, and is preferably 15 to 120 minutes, more preferably 30 to 60 minutes, from the viewpoint that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- drying heat treatment may be performed stepwise at different temperatures. Therefore, as a preferred embodiment of this step (2), there may be mentioned an embodiment in which the heat treatment at 350 to 450 ° C. is further carried out after the drying heat treatment at the above temperature is carried out.
- the polyimide resin layer containing a polyimide resin is formed.
- the imidation ratio of a polyimide resin is not particularly limited, it is preferably 99.0% or more and more preferably 99.5% or more in terms of more excellent effects of the present invention.
- the imidation rate is measured by measuring the curable resin heated at 350 ° C. for 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere as 100% imidation rate, and the peak intensity (invariant before and after the heat treatment in the IR spectrum of the curable resin) ( For example, it is determined by an intensity ratio of a peak intensity derived from an imide carbonyl group: about 1780 cm ⁇ 1 to a peak derived from a benzene ring: about 1500 cm ⁇ 1 ).
- a curable resin to be a polyimide resin having a repeating unit represented by the above formula (I) was applied on a glass substrate by thermosetting to produce a coating film.
- a coating film may be formed by applying a composition containing a polyimide resin represented by the above formula (I) and a solvent.
- the composite described above includes a glass substrate 4 and a resin layer 6.
- the light transmittance of the composite is not particularly limited, but may be 90% or less or 80% or less when applied to top emission OLED applications that do not require light to be transmitted through the back substrate.
- Examples of the electronic device include an image display panel, a solar battery, a thin film secondary battery, an image sensor (CCD, CMOS, etc.), a pressure sensor, an acceleration sensor, and a biological sensor.
- Examples of the image display panel include a liquid crystal panel (LCD), a plasma display panel (PDP), an organic EL panel (OLED), and electronic paper.
- the electronic device includes the composite having the above structure and an element formed over the composite.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an organic EL panel (OLED) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the organic EL panel 70 includes, for example, the composite body 2, the pixel electrode 72, the organic layer 74, the counter electrode 76, the sealing plate 78, and the like.
- the organic layer 74 includes at least a light emitting layer, and includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer as necessary.
- the organic layer 74 includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer in this order from the anode side.
- the pixel electrode 72, the organic layer 74, the counter electrode 76, and the like constitute a top emission type organic EL element 71.
- the organic EL element may be a bottom emission type.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing a liquid crystal panel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the liquid crystal panel 80 includes a TFT substrate 82, a CF substrate 84, a liquid crystal layer 86, and the like.
- the TFT substrate 82 is formed by patterning a TFT element (thin film transistor element) 83 or the like on the composite 2 (for example, the glass substrate 4 constituting the composite 2).
- the CF substrate 84 is formed by patterning a color filter element 85 on another composite 2 (for example, the glass substrate 4 constituting the composite 2).
- the liquid crystal layer 86 is formed between the TFT substrate 82 and the CF substrate 84.
- the TFT substrate 82 and the CF substrate 84 correspond to the electronic device described in the claims.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the solar cell 90 is composed of, for example, the composite 2, the transparent electrode 92, the silicon layer 94, the reflective electrode 96, the sealing plate 98, and the like.
- the silicon layer includes, for example, a p layer (p-type doped layer), an i layer (light absorption layer), an n layer (n-type doped layer), and the like from the anode side.
- the transparent electrode 92, the silicon layer 94, the reflective electrode 96, and the like constitute a silicon type solar cell element 91.
- the solar cell element may be a compound type, a dye sensitized type, a quantum dot type, or the like.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing a thin film secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the thin film secondary battery 100 includes, for example, the composite 2, the transparent electrode 102, the electrolyte layer 104, the current collecting layer 106, the sealing layer 108, and the sealing plate 109.
- the thin-film secondary battery element 101 is configured by the transparent electrode 102, the electrolyte layer 104, the current collecting layer 106, the sealing layer 108, and the like.
- the thin-film secondary battery element 101 of this embodiment is a lithium ion type, but may be a nickel hydrogen type, a polymer type, a ceramic electrolyte type, or the like.
- FIG. 7 is a view showing electronic paper according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the electronic paper 110 includes, for example, the composite 2, the TFT layer 112, a layer 114 containing an electrical engineering medium (for example, microcapsule), a transparent electrode 116, and a front plate 118.
- the electronic paper element 111 is composed of the TFT layer 112, the layer 114 containing an electrical engineering medium, the transparent electrode 116, and the like.
- the electronic paper element may be any of a microcapsule type, an in-plane type, a twist ball type, a particle movement type, an electronic jet type, and a polymer network type.
- Example 1 is an example and Examples 2 and 3 are comparative examples.
- a glass substrate X (average thickness 100 ⁇ m, width direction thickness deviation 1 ⁇ m or less, non-alkali glass, thermal expansion coefficient 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 / ° C., tensile elastic modulus 77 GPa) was used as the glass substrate. Many micro cracks existed on the surface of the glass substrate X. The width W of the microcracks was about 10 to 100 nm, and the depth d was 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the glass substrate X was produced by a float method.
- molten glass was flowed on molten tin and formed into a strip shape. After the formed glass was gradually cooled, the gradually cooled glass was cut into a desired size. In the slow cooling step and the cutting step, the glass was supported by compressed air pressure so that the glass did not come into contact with solid objects. In the cutting process, a laser cutting method which is a non-contact cutting method was used.
- Example 1 First, after cleaning the glass substrate X with pure water, it was further cleaned by UV cleaning. Next, a polyamic acid solution (P1) is applied onto the first main surface of the glass substrate X by a spin coater (rotation speed: 2000 rpm, 15 seconds), and a coating film containing polyamic acid is provided on the glass substrate X. (Coating amount 100 g / m 2 ).
- the polyamic acid is a resin obtained by reacting the compound represented by the formula (Y1) with the compound represented by the formula (B1). Next, it is heated in the atmosphere at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes, then heated at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes, further heated to 350 ° C. over 2 hours, held at 350 ° C.
- a polyimide resin having a repeating unit represented by the following formula (X in formula (I) is a group represented by formula (X1), A is represented by formula (A1)). Consisting of a group). The imidation ratio was 99.7%.
- Example 2 The glass composite was heated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating was heated at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes, then heated at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes and then directly placed in an oven at 350 ° C. for 1 hour. Got.
- Example 3 After the resin layer (polyimide film) is formed in the same manner as in Example 1, the polyimide film is once peeled off and overlapped with another glass substrate X, using “HAL-TEC” manufactured by Sankyo, and the indentation amount is set to 1 mm. Roll lamination was performed below.
- D f / d The depth d of the microcracks was obtained by directly observing the fracture starting point with an optical microscope after performing a fracture test described later on the glass substrate X. Further, in the measurement of the depth d f enters the resin, first, the isopropyl alcohol solution on the surface of the glass substrate X 3- aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KBM903) were dissolved 0.1 mass% by a spin coating (2000 rpm) Applied. Next, after drying at 80 ° C.
- concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol in the said aqueous solution was adjusted so that the viscosity of aqueous solution might be comparable as the viscosity of the said polyamic acid solution (P1).
- the method of measuring the penetration depth df with a fluorescence microscope is shown above, after carrying out a destructive test to be described later on the obtained composite, the fracture starting point was directly observed with an optical microscope. the value of the fluorescence comparable with the depth d f enter obtained from the microscope was observed.
- the elongation at break TE of the resin layer was measured according to ASTM D882-12.
- Yield stress ⁇ S of resin layer and tensile elastic modulus E resin The yield stress ⁇ S and the tensile modulus E resin of the resin layer (polyimide resin layer) were measured according to JIS-C-2151: 2006.
- the resin layer is peeled off from the obtained composite and the above measurement is performed. Carried out.
- the glass substrate was melted with hydrofluoric acid to obtain a resin layer for measurement.
- FIG. 8 is a view showing a bending test apparatus for examining the average breaking strength of the glass substrate of the present invention.
- the bending test apparatus 10 includes an upper support plate 14 as a first support plate and a lower support plate 16 as a second support plate, and the upper support plate 14 and the lower support plate 16.
- the test sheet 18 is bent between the two.
- the test sheet 18 is produced by processing a glass substrate produced at the same time as the glass substrate whose average breaking strength is desired.
- a glass substrate produced at the same time (for example, a glass substrate of the same lot) can be regarded as having the same degree of scratches on the surface.
- the test sheet 18 may be cut out from the glass substrate itself for which the average breaking strength is desired.
- the test sheet 18 is formed in a rectangular shape in a natural state with no external force.
- the length of the short side of the test sheet 18 is 100 mm, and the length of the long side of the test sheet 18 is 150 mm.
- the upper support plate 14 supports the test sheet 18.
- the support surface 14a of the upper support plate 14 is a downward flat surface.
- One short side portion of the test sheet 18 is fixed to the support surface 14a of the upper support plate 14 with a tape or the like, for example.
- the lower support plate 16 supports the test sheet 18 in the same manner as the upper support plate 14.
- the support surface 16a of the lower support board 16 is an upward flat surface.
- the other short side portion of the rectangular test sheet 18 is placed on the support surface 16a of the lower support plate 16 and fixed by a static frictional force.
- the support surface 16 a of the lower support plate 16 is provided with a stopper 17 that comes into contact with the other short side portion of the test sheet 18 in order to prevent displacement of the test sheet 18.
- the operator adjusts the distance D between the support surface 14 a of the upper support plate 14 and the support surface 16 a of the lower support plate 16 that are parallel to each other, and A predetermined tensile stress is generated on the test sheet 18 that is bent between the side support board 16 and the side support board 16.
- the tensile stress ⁇ generated at the top end of the curved portion of the test sheet 18 (the right end of the test sheet 18 in FIG. 8) can be calculated based on the following equation (2).
- ⁇ A ⁇ E ⁇ t / (D ⁇ t) (2)
- A is a constant (1.198) specific to this test
- E is the tensile elastic modulus of the test sheet 18
- t is the thickness of the test sheet 18.
- the operator moves the position of the lower support plate 16 relative to the upper support plate 14 once in a predetermined direction while maintaining the distance D.
- the moving speed is 10 mm / second
- the moving distance is 100 mm
- the moving direction is a direction perpendicular to the short side of the test sheet 18.
- the operator checks whether or not a crack is formed on the test sheet 18 that is curved between the upper support plate 14 and the lower support plate 16. Whether or not a crack is formed is confirmed by an AE sensor that detects the presence or absence of an AE (Acoustic Emission) wave generated when the crack is formed.
- AE Acoustic Emission
- the operator narrows the distance D between the support surface 14a of the upper support plate 14 and the support surface 16a of the lower support plate 16 that are parallel to each other. As a result, a higher tensile stress than before is generated in the test sheet 18 that is curved between the upper support plate 14 and the lower support plate 16.
- the fracture strength of the test sheet 18 can be determined by narrowing the interval D stepwise and increasing the tensile stress ⁇ applied to the test sheet 18 stepwise until cracks are formed in the test sheet 18.
- the tensile stress ⁇ when the test sheet 18 is cracked is used as the fracture strength.
- the average value of the breaking strengths of the five test sheets 18 is used as the average breaking strength of the five test sheets 18.
- the bending test is performed so that a tensile stress is generated on the main surface bonded to the resin layer of the glass substrate using the bending test apparatus shown in FIG. Done.
- the tensile stress ⁇ generated at the top end of the curved portion of the main surface of the glass substrate can be calculated based on the following formula (3).
- the amount of displacement of the neutral plane of the glass substrate due to the presence of the resin layer is 5% or less of the thickness t of the glass substrate and has little influence on the calculation result of the tensile stress ⁇ , and is ignored.
- the neutral surface is a surface in which neither a tensile stress nor a compressive stress is generated, and when there is no resin layer, it is a center plane in the plate thickness direction of the glass substrate.
- the displacement amount of the neutral plane can be calculated using a general formula of material mechanics.
- the tensile stress ⁇ b when the glass substrate is broken is used as the fracture strength.
- the improvement rate of the average fracture strength of the glass substrate due to the presence of the reinforcing layer (resin layer) was calculated.
- This improvement rate is a value when the average breaking strength of the glass substrate when no reinforcing layer is present is used as a reference (100%).
- the reference average breaking strength in Examples 1 to 3 the average breaking strength (154 MPa) of the glass substrate X was used.
- the flexibility of the composites prepared in Examples 1 to 3 was evaluated based on the rate of increase in the bending rigidity of the composites.
- the “rate of increase in bending stiffness” means the rate of increase in the bending stiffness of the composite based on the bending stiffness of the glass substrate when no resin layer is present.
- the bending stiffness was calculated using a general formula of structural mechanics. The lower the rate of increase in flexural rigidity, the better the flexibility.
- Example 1 of Table 1 it was confirmed that the composite of the present invention exhibited a desired effect. Moreover, since the bending rigidity did not increase so much, the flexibility did not decrease. On the other hand, in Examples 2 and 3 that do not satisfy the requirements of the present invention, the desired effect was not obtained.
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Abstract
Description
本発明者らは、特許文献1の記載を参照して、所定の処理が施されて表面にマイクロクラックが形成されたガラス基板上に樹脂層を形成して、その複合体の特性を評価したところ、ガラス基板に対して引張応力がかかると、割れやすい場合があることを見出した。
すなわち、本発明の第1の形態は、表面にマイクロクラックが存在するガラス基板と、前記ガラス基板上に配置された樹脂層とを備える複合体であって、前記マイクロクラック内部の少なくとも一部に前記樹脂層の樹脂が入り込み、前記マイクロクラックの深さdに対する、前記ガラス基板表面からの前記樹脂の入り込み深さdfの比(df/d)と、前記樹脂層の破断伸度TE(%)と、前記樹脂層の降伏応力σS(MPa)との積(比(df/d)×破断伸度TE×降伏応力σS)が400MPa・%以上であり、かつ前記樹脂層の引張弾性率Eresinが1.0GPa以上である、複合体である。
第1の形態において、ガラス基板の平均厚みが10~200μmであることが好ましい。
第1の形態において、樹脂層の平均厚みが10~100μmであることが好ましい。
第1の形態において、樹脂層がポリイミドを含むことが好ましい。
本発明の第2の形態は、第1の形態である複合体と、前記複合体のガラス基板上に形成される素子とを含む、電子デバイスである。
本発明の複合体の特徴点の一つとしては、樹脂層の特性(破断伸度、降伏応力、引張弾性率)を制御すると共に、樹脂層中の樹脂がガラス基板のマイクロクラック内の所定深さまで入り込むことが挙げられる。ガラス基板が割れやすい原因としては、ガラス表面に存在するマイクロクラックの存在が考えられ、ガラスに応力が加わると、このマイクロクラックが大きく発達して割れることが予想される。そこで、上記のようにマイクロクラック内部に所定の特性を示す樹脂が入り込むことにより、所望の効果が得られている。
複合体2は、ガラス基板4と、ガラス基板4上に配置された樹脂層6とを有する。ガラス基板4の樹脂層6側の表面にはマイクロクラック8があり、マイクロクラック8内部の少なくとも一部に樹脂層6中の樹脂が入り込んでいる。
複合体2は、画像表示パネル、太陽電池、薄膜2次電池などの電子デバイスの基板として用いられるものであってよく、各種の素子が形成されるものであってよい。複合体2は、巻芯に巻き取るものであってよく、ロールツーロール法による電子デバイスの製造に用いられるものであってよい。
なお、図1において、ガラス基板4の片側のみに樹脂層6を有するが、ガラス基板4を挟んだ両側にそれぞれ樹脂層6を有してもよい。ガラス基板4を挟んで配置される2つの樹脂層6は、同じ厚みを有しても異なる厚みを有してもよく、同じ物性(引張弾性率、熱膨張係数など)を有しても異なる物性を有してもよい。
ガラス基板4のガラスは、多種多様であってよく、例えば、ソーダライムガラス、無アルカリガラスなどが挙げられる。
ガラス基板4の平均厚みは、好ましくは150μm以下、より好ましくは100μm以下、さらに好ましくは50μm以下である。また、ガラス基板4の平均厚みは、好ましくは0.1μm以上、より好ましくは1μm以上、さらに好ましくは5μm以上、特に好ましくは10μm以上である。
なお、上記平均厚みは、任意の10点以上のガラス基板4の厚みを測定し、それらを算術平均した値である。
マイクロクラック8の深さdの大きさは特に制限されないが、電子顕微鏡などで検出可能な範囲として、0.1μm以上の場合が多く、1.0μm以上の場合がより多い。また、上限は特に制限されないが、30μm以下の場合が多く、15μm以下の場合がより多い。
マイクロクラック8の幅Wの大きさは特に制限されないが、電子顕微鏡などで検出可能な範囲として、1nm以上の場合が多く、10nm以上の場合がより多い。また、上限は特に制限されないが、100μm以下の場合が多く、10μm以下の場合がより多い。
上記マイクロクラック8の深さdおよび幅Wの測定方法としては、複合体2を切断し、その断面を電子顕微鏡にて観察する方法が挙げられる。
樹脂層6は、上記ガラス基板4上に配置される層であり、ガラス基板4の割れやすさを補強する補強層の役割を果たす。
樹脂層6は、上述したガラス基板4との間で、以下の式(1)の関係を満たす。
式(1): (比(df/d))×(樹脂層の破断伸度TE)×(樹脂層の降伏応力σS)≧400MPa・%
以下では、まず、これらの式中の各項目について詳述する。
上記比(df/d)は平均値であり、10個以上のマイクロクラックを観察し、それぞれのマイクロクラックにおける深さdと入り込み深さdfとを測定し、各マイクロクラックでの比(df/d)を計算し、計算された各マイクロクラックの比(df/d)を算術平均して得られる値である。
また、色素の分散性が悪い樹脂液の場合は、粘度を合わせた水溶性樹脂を観察用樹脂として用いることができる。実際に樹脂層を形成するために使用される樹脂層形成用組成物の粘度と、上記観察用樹脂と色素とを含む評価用組成物との粘度を合わせることにより、評価用組成物が深さdのマイクロクラック内部に侵入する程度が樹脂層形成用組成物を使用した場合と同程度となる。ここで、水溶性樹脂とはポリビニルアルコール(PVA)やヒドロキシセルロース(HEC)などを指す。また、深さdに関しても、マイクロクラック内表面に色素を吸着させて、破壊試験後の破壊起点を蛍光顕微鏡で観察することにより、求めることもできる。
破断伸度TE(%)の測定方法は、ASTM D882-12に従う。
降伏応力σSの測定方法は、JIS-C-2151:2006に従う。
上述したように、ガラス基板4が割れる原因としては、主に、ガラス基板4表面に存在するマイクロクラック8に応力が集中することにより、ガラス基板4が割れやすくなる。本発明者らは、所定の破断伸度TEおよび降伏応力σSを示す樹脂層6を形成しうる樹脂が、マイクロクラック8内部の所定の深さまで入り込むことにより、つまり、式(1)の関係を満たすことにより、図1中の白抜き矢印で示すような、マイクロクラック8の割れをさらに発達させる方向への応力を抑制できることを見出している。
より具体的には、上述のように、ガラス基板が割れる原因としては、マイクロクラックに応力が集中するためであるが、マイクロクラックに樹脂が入り込む(埋め込まれる)場合、マイクロクラックにかかるエネルギーが入り込んでいる深さに応じて樹脂に分配される。その際、樹脂によってなされる仕事量は以下の式(X)によって表される。
上記変数の内、d(マイクロクラックの深さ)はある工程を通ったガラスの最低強度に対応する最も深いマイクロクラックに該当し、同じロットのガラス基板であれば大きな変化はないため、略定数と見なすことができる。そうすると、仕事量W’の大きさを決めているのは、α、σ、および、εに該当する。本発明者らは、この3つのパラメータの積が所定値であれば、ガラス基板の割れが生じにくいことを見出した。
特に、樹脂層6の破断伸度TEが大きいほど、マイクロクラック内部の樹脂が破断に至るまでの許容応力の範囲が広い。また、樹脂層6の降伏応力σSが大きいほど、マイクロクラック内部の樹脂が降伏に至るまでの許容応力の範囲が広い。
引張弾性率Eresinの測定方法は、JIS-C-2151(2006年)に従う。
なお、上記平均厚みは、任意の10点以上の樹脂層6の厚みを測定し、それらを算術平均した値である。
フィラーとしては、繊維状、または、板状、鱗片状、粒状、不定形状、破砕品など非繊維状の充填剤が挙げられ、具体的には例えば、ガラス繊維、PAN系やピッチ系の炭素繊維、ステンレス繊維、アルミニウム繊維や黄銅繊維などの金属繊維、芳香族ポリアミド繊維などの有機繊維、石膏繊維、セラミック繊維、アスベスト繊維、ジルコニア繊維、アルミナ繊維、シリカ繊維、酸化チタン繊維、炭化ケイ素繊維、ロックウール、チタン酸カリウムウィスカー、チタン酸バリウムウィスカー、ほう酸アルミニウムウィスカー、窒化ケイ素ウィスカー、マイカ、タルク、カオリン、シリカ、炭酸カルシウム、ガラスビーズ、ガラスフレーク、ガラスマイクロバルーン、クレー、二硫化モリブデン、ワラステナイト、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、ポリリン酸カルシウム、金属粉、金属フレーク、金属リボン、金属酸化物、カーボン粉末、黒鉛、カーボンフレーク、鱗片状カーボン、カーボンナノチューブなどが挙げられる。金属粉、金属フレーク、金属リボンの金属種の具体例としては銀、ニッケル、銅、亜鉛、アルミニウム、ステンレス、鉄、黄銅、クロム、錫などが例示できる。ガラス繊維または炭素繊維の種類は、一般に樹脂の強化用に用いるものなら特に限定はなく、例えば長繊維タイプや短繊維タイプのチョップドストランド、ミルドファイバーなどから選択して用いることができる。また、樹脂層6は、樹脂を含浸した織布、不織布などで構成されてもよい。
熱硬化性樹脂としては、例えば、ポリイミド(PI)、エポキシ(EP)等が用いられる。熱可塑性樹脂としては、例えば、ポリアミド(PA)、ポリアミドイミド(PAI)、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)、ポリベンズイミダゾール(PBI)、液晶ポリマー(LCP)、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)、ポリエーテルサルホン(PES)、環状ポリオレフィン(COP)、ポリカーボネート(PC)、ポリ塩化ビニル(PVC)、ポリエチレン(PE)、ポリプロピレン(PP)、アクリル(PMMA)、ウレタン(PU)等が用いられる。
尚、樹脂層6は、光硬化性樹脂で形成されてもよく、共重合体、または混合物であってもよい。ロールツーロール法による電子デバイスの製造工程は加熱処理を伴う工程を含むことがあり、樹脂の耐熱温度(連続使用可能温度)は好ましくは100℃以上である。耐熱温度が100℃以上の樹脂としては、例えばポリイミド(PI)、エポキシ(EP)、ポリアミド(PA)、ポリアミドイミド(PAI)、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)、ポリベンズイミダゾール(PBI)、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)、ポリエーテルサルホン(PES)、環状ポリオレフィン(COP)、ポリカーボネート(PC)、ポリ塩化ビニル(PVC)、アクリル(PMMA)、ウレタン(PU)などが挙げられる。
なかでも、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、樹脂層6中の樹脂としてはポリイミド、エポキシが好ましく、ポリイミドがより好ましい。
なお、テトラカルボン酸類の残基(X)とはテトラカルボン酸類からカルボキシ基を除いたテトラカルボン酸残基を意図し、ジアミン類の残基(A)とはジアミン類からアミノ基を除いたジアミン残基を意図する。
また、Aはジアミン類からアミノ基を除いたジアミン残基を表し、以下の式(A1)~(A8)で表される基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の基からなることが好ましい。なかでも、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、Aの総数の50モル%以上(好ましくは、80~100モル%)が以下の式(A1)~(A8)で表される基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の基からなることがより好ましい。Aの総数の実質的に全数(100モル%)が、以下の式(A1)~(A8)で表される基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の基からなることがさらに好ましい。
また、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、Aとしては、式(A1)で表される基および式(A6)で表される基が好ましく、式(A1)で表される基がより好ましい。
樹脂層6の製造方法は特に制限されず使用される材料に応じて適宜最適な条件が選択されるが、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、ガラス基板4上に液状の樹脂組成物を塗布し固化させて樹脂層6を形成する方法が挙げられる。
以下、ポリイミド樹脂層の製造方法の好適形態について詳述する。該製造方法は、以下の工程(1)および工程(2)を有することが好ましい。
工程(1):熱硬化により、上記式(I)で表されるポリイミド樹脂となる硬化性樹脂をガラス基板4上に塗布して、塗膜を得る工程
工程(2):塗膜に加熱処理を施し、ポリイミド樹脂層を形成する工程
以下、それぞれの工程の手順について詳述する。
工程(1)は、熱硬化により上記式(I)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリイミド樹脂となる硬化性樹脂をガラス基板4上に塗布して、塗膜を得る工程である。
なお、硬化性樹脂は、テトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミン類とを反応させて得られるポリアミック酸を含み、テトラカルボン酸二無水物の少なくとも一部が下記式(Y1)~(Y4)で表される化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のテトラカルボン酸二無水物からなり、ジアミン類の少なくとも一部が下記式(B1)~(B8)で表される化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のジアミン類からなることが好ましい。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミン類との混合比率は特に制限されないが、ジアミン類1モルに対して、テトラカルボン酸二無水物を好ましくは0.66~1.5モル、より好ましくは0.9~1.1モル、さらに好ましくは0.97~1.03モル反応させることが挙げられる。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミン類との反応の際には、必要に応じて、有機溶媒を使用してもよい。使用される有機溶媒の種類は特に制限されないが、例えば、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N,N-ジエチルアセトアミド、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジエチルホルムアミド、N-メチルカプロラクタム、ヘキサメチルホスホルアミド、テトラメチレンスルホン、ジメチルスルホキシド、m-クレゾ-ル、フェノ-ル、p-クロルフェノール、2-クロル-4-ヒドロキシトルエン、ジグライム、トリグライム、テトラグライム、ジオキサン、γ-ブチロラクトン、ジオキソラン、シクロヘキサノン、シクロペンタノンなどが使用可能であり、2種以上を併用してもよい。
また、上記反応の際には、必要に応じて、上記式(B1)~(B8)で表される化合物からなる群から選択されるジアミン類以外の他のジアミン類を合わせて使用してもよい。
ポリアミック酸が末端にアミノ基を有する場合は、テトラカルボン酸二無水物を添加してよく、ポリアミック酸の1モルに対して、カルボキシル基が0.9~1.1モルとなるように添加してよい。ポリアミック酸が末端にカルボキシル基を有する場合は、ジアミン類を添加してよく、ポリアミック酸の1モルに対し、アミノ基が0.9~1.1モルとなるように添加してよい。なお、ポリアミック酸が末端にカルボキシル基を有する場合、酸末端は水または任意のアルコールを加えて末端の酸無水物基を開環させたものを用いてもよい。
後から添加するテトラカルボン酸二無水物は、式(Y1)~(Y4)で表される化合物であることがより好ましい。後から添加するジアミン類は芳香環を有するジアミン類が好ましく、式(B1)~(B8)で表される化合物であることがより好ましい。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物類またはジアミン類を後から添加する場合、式(2-1)または式(2-2)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリアミック酸の重合度(n)は1~20が好ましい。重合度(n)がこの範囲であると、硬化性樹脂の溶液中のポリアミック酸濃度が30質量%以上としても硬化性樹脂の溶液を低粘度にできる。
例えば、溶媒を用いてもよい。より具体的には、硬化性樹脂を溶媒に溶解させ、硬化性樹脂の溶液(硬化性樹脂溶液)として用いてもよい。溶媒としては、特にポリアミック酸の溶解性の点から、有機溶媒が好ましい。使用される有機溶媒としては、上述した反応の際に使用される有機溶媒が挙げられる。
なお、硬化性樹脂溶液中に有機溶媒が含まれる場合、塗膜の厚みの調整、塗布性が良好にできる量であれば、有機溶媒の含有量は特に制限されないが、一般的に硬化性樹脂溶液全質量に対して、5~95質量%が好ましく、10~90質量%がより好ましい。
また、必要に応じて、ポリアミック酸の脱水閉環を促進するための脱水剤または脱水閉環触媒を合わせて使用してもよい。例えば、脱水剤としては、例えば、無水酢酸、無水プロピオン酸、無水トリフルオロ酢酸などの酸無水物を用いることができる。また、脱水閉環触媒としては、例えば、ピリジン、コリジン、ルチジン、トリエチルアミンなどの3級アミンを用いることができる。
上記処理により得られる塗膜の厚みは特に制限されず、上述した所望の厚みのポリイミド樹脂層が得られるように適宜調整される。
工程(2)は、塗膜に加熱処理を施し、ポリイミド樹脂層を形成する工程である。本工程を実施することにより、例えば、硬化性樹脂に含まれるポリアミック酸の閉環反応が進行し、所望の樹脂層が形成される。
加熱処理の方法は特に制限されず、公知の方法(例えば、塗膜付き支持基材を加熱オーブン中に静置して加熱する方法)が適宜使用される。
加熱温度は特に制限されないが、300~500℃であることが好ましく、残留溶媒率が低くなると共に、イミド化率がより上昇し、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、350~450℃がより好ましい。上記加熱温度では主にポリアミック酸の閉環反応が進行するため、以後、上記温度をイミド化温度とも称する。なお、後述するように、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、イミド化温度まで徐々に加熱温度を昇温していくことが好ましい。
加熱時間は特に制限されず、使用される硬化性樹脂の構造により適宜最適な時間が選択されるが、残留溶媒率が低くなると共に、イミド化率がより上昇し、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、室温からイミド化温度への昇温時間が30~180分が好ましく、60~120分がより好ましい。また、後述する乾燥加熱処理を実施する場合は、乾燥加熱処理の際の温度からイミド化温度への昇温時間が上記範囲であればよい。なお、昇温する際の昇温速度は特に制限されず、略一定速度(一定昇温速度)で昇温することが好ましく、加熱開始温度(乾燥加熱処理を実施した場合は乾燥温度)と所定のイミド化温度との差を、所定の昇温時間で除した値であることが好ましい。具体的には、加熱開始温度が120℃で、イミド化温度が350℃で、昇温時間が120分の場合、昇温速度としては(350-120)/120≒1.9℃/分程度が好ましい。
また、イミド化温度での保持時間は30~120分が好ましい。
加熱の雰囲気は特に制限されず、例えば、大気中下、真空下または不活性ガス下にて実施される。
なお、加熱処理は、異なる温度で段階的に実施してもよい。
なお、上記加熱温度での処理の前に、必要に応じて、塗膜中の揮発成分(溶媒)を除去するための乾燥加熱処理を実施してもよい。乾燥加熱処理の温度条件は特に制限されないが、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、40~200℃での加熱処理が好ましい。また、乾燥時間は特に制限されず、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、15~120分が好ましく、30~60分がより好ましい。なお、乾燥加熱処理は、異なる温度で段階的に実施してもよい。
よって、本工程(2)の好適形態の一つとしては、上記温度での乾燥加熱処理を実施した後、上記350~450℃での加熱処理をさらに実施する形態が挙げられる。
ポリイミド樹脂のイミド化率は特に制限されないが、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、99.0%以上が好ましく、99.5%以上がより好ましい。
イミド化率の測定方法は、硬化性樹脂を窒素雰囲気下で350℃の2時間加熱した場合を100%のイミド化率として、硬化性樹脂のIRによるスペクトルにおいて加熱処理前後で不変のピーク強度(例えば、ベンゼン環由来のピーク:約1500cm-1)に対する、イミドカルボニル基由来のピーク:約1780cm-1のピーク強度の強度比により求める。
上述した複合体は、ガラス基板4と樹脂層6とを備える。
複合体の光線透過率は特に制限されないが、背面基板に光を透過させる必要が無いトップエミッションのOLED用途に適応する場合、90%以下でもよく、80%以下でも支障はない。
電子デバイスとしては、画像表示パネル、太陽電池、薄膜二次電池、撮像素子(CCD、CMOSなど)、圧力センサ、加速度センサ、生体センサなどが挙げられる。画像表示パネルとしては、液晶パネル(LCD)、プラズマディスプレイパネル(PDP)、有機ELパネル(OLED)、電子ペーパなどが挙げられる。電子デバイスは、上記構成の複合体、および複合体上に形成される素子を有する。
以下の例では、ガラス基板として、ガラス基板X(平均厚み100μm、幅方向厚み偏差1μm以下、無アルカリガラス、熱膨張係数4×10-6/℃、引張弾性率77GPa)を使用した。ガラス基板Xの表面上にはマイクロクラックが多数存在していた。マイクロクラックの幅Wは10~100nm程度であり、深さdは10μm以下であった。
なお、ガラス基板Xは、フロート法で作製した。具体的には、溶融スズ上で溶融ガラスを流動させて帯板状に成形し、成形したガラスを徐冷した後、徐冷したガラスを所望のサイズに切断した。徐冷工程および切断工程において、ガラスを圧縮空気の空気圧で支持し、ガラスが固体物と触れないようにした。切断工程では、非接触切断法であるレーザ切断法を用いた。
パラフェニレンジアミン(10.8g、0.1mol)を1-メチル-2-ピロリドン(226.0g)に溶解させ、室温下で攪拌した。これにBPDA(3,3’,4,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物)(29.4g、0.1mol)を1分間で加え、室温下2時間攪拌し、上記式(2-1)および/または式(2-2)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリアミック酸を含む固形分濃度20質量%のポリアミック酸溶液(P1)を得た。この溶液の粘度を測定したところ、20℃で3000センチポイズであった。
粘度は、(株)トキメック社製、DVL-BII型デジタル粘度計(B型粘度計)を用い、20℃における回転粘度を測定したものである。
なお、ポリアミック酸中に含まれる式(2-1)および/または式(2-2)で表される繰り返し単位中のXは式(X1)で表される基、Aは式(A1)で表される基であった。
初めに、ガラス基板Xを純水洗浄した後、さらにUV洗浄して清浄化した。
次に、ポリアミック酸溶液(P1)をスピンコーター(回転数:2000rpm、15秒)にてガラス基板Xの第1主面上に塗布して、ポリアミック酸を含む塗膜をガラス基板X上に設けた(塗膜量100g/m2)。
なお、上記ポリアミック酸は、上記式(Y1)で表される化合物と、式(B1)で表される化合物とを反応させて得られる樹脂である。
次に、大気中、60℃で30分加熱し、その後120℃で30分加熱し、さらに350℃まで2時間かけて昇温し、350℃で1時間保持して、塗膜を加熱して、樹脂層(平均厚み:25μm)を形成した。形成された樹脂層中には、以下の式で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリイミド樹脂(式(I)中のXが式(X1)で表される基、Aが式(A1)で表される基からなる)が含まれていた。なお、イミド化率は、99.7%であった。
塗膜の加熱条件を、60℃で30分加熱し、その後120℃で30分加熱し、さらに直接350℃のオーブンに入れ1時間加熱した以外は、例1と同様の方法で、ガラス複合体を得た。
例1と同じ方法で樹脂層(ポリイミド膜)を成膜した後、ポリイミド膜を一旦剥離し、別のガラス基板Xと重ね合わせ、三共製「HAL-TEC」を用い、押し込み量を1mmとして大気下にてロール積層した。
(「df/d」)
マイクロクラックの深さdは、ガラス基板Xに対して後述する破壊試験を実施した後、破壊起点を光学顕微鏡による直接観察することにより得た。
また、樹脂の入り込み深さdfの測定では、まず、ガラス基板Xの表面に3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン(KBM903)を0.1質量%溶解させたイソプロピルアルコール溶液をスピンコート(2000rpm)により塗布した。次に、80℃にて10分間乾燥後、フルオレセインイソチオシアネート(濃度:0.01(mmol/l))と水溶性樹脂(ポリビニルアルコール)とを含む水溶液をスピンコーター(回転数:2000rpm、15秒)にてガラス基板Xの第1主面上に塗布した。塗布処理後、ガラス基板Xを純水で3回リンスし、乾燥させた後、後述する破壊試験を実施した後、蛍光顕微鏡(Olympus)を用いて破壊起点を観察し、入り込み深さdfを観察した。なお、上記水溶液中でのポリビニルアルコールの濃度は、水溶液の粘度が上記ポリアミック酸溶液(P1)の粘度と同程度となるように調整した。
また、上記では入り込み深さdfを蛍光顕微鏡にて測定する方法を示したが、得られた複合体に対して後述する破壊試験を実施した後、破壊起点を光学顕微鏡による直接観察したところ、上記蛍光顕微鏡より得られた入り込み深さdfと同程度の値が観測された。
なお、顕微鏡での測定が困難な場合は、破壊力学の基礎式d=(K/2σ)2(『セラミックスの破壊学』P68)より、破壊応力・応力拡大係数から理論値も求め、その値を使用した。(樹脂層の破断伸度TE)
樹脂層(ポリイミド樹脂層)の破断伸度TEは、ASTM D882-12に従って、測定した。
(樹脂層の降伏応力σSおよび引張弾性率Eresin)
樹脂層(ポリイミド樹脂層)の降伏応力σSおよび引張弾性率Eresinは、JIS-C-2151:2006に従って、測定した。
なお、樹脂層(ポリイミド樹脂層)の破断伸度TE、樹脂層の降伏応力σS、および、樹脂層の引張弾性率Eresinについては、得られた複合体から樹脂層を引きはがして上記測定を実施した。樹脂層の引きはがしができない場合は、フッ酸にてガラス基板を溶かして、測定用の樹脂層を得た。
例1~3で用意した樹脂層が存在する場合のガラス基板の平均破壊強度を、図8の曲げ試験装置により測定した。
以下では、まず、図8を参照して、樹脂層が存在しない場合のガラス基板の平均破壊強度の測定方法について説明する。
曲げ試験装置10は、図8に示すように、第1の支持盤としての上側支持盤14、第2の支持盤としての下側支持盤16を備え、上側支持盤14と下側支持盤16との間で試験シート18を湾曲させる。
試験シート18は、平均破壊強度を知りたいガラス基板と同時期に作製されたガラス基板を加工して作製される。同時期に作製されたガラス基板(例えば同一ロットのガラス基板)は、表面に同程度の傷を有しているとみなすことができる。尚、試験シート18は、平均破壊強度を知りたいガラス基板そのものから切り出されてもよい。
上側支持盤14は、試験シート18を支持する。上側支持盤14の支持面14aは、下向きの平坦な面である。上側支持盤14の支持面14aには、例えばテープなどで試験シート18の一方の短辺部が固定される。
下側支持盤16は、上側支持盤14と同様に、試験シート18を支持する。下側支持盤16の支持面16aは、上向きの平坦な面である。下側支持盤16の支持面16aには、矩形状の試験シート18の他方の短辺部が載せられ、静止摩擦力で固定される。下側支持盤16の支持面16aには、試験シート18の位置ずれを防止するため、試験シート18の他方の短辺部と当接するストッパ17が設けられる。
この曲げ試験装置10では、先ず、作業者は、互いに平行な上側支持盤14の支持面14aと下側支持盤16の支持面16aとの間の間隔Dを調整し、上側支持盤14と下側支持盤16との間で湾曲させる試験シート18に所定の引張応力を発生させる。
σ=A×E×t/(D-t)・・・(2)
上記式(2)中、Aは本試験に固有の定数(1.198)、Eは試験シート18の引張弾性率、tは試験シート18の厚みである。式(2)から明らかなように、間隔D(D>2×t)が狭くなるほど、引張応力σが大きくなる。
そうして、作業者は、上側支持盤14と下側支持盤16との間で湾曲させる試験シート18にクラックが形成されるか否か調べる。クラックが形成されるか否かは、クラックが形成されるときに生じるAE(Acoustic Emission)波の有無を検出するAEセンサで確認する。
試験シート18にクラックが生じない場合、作業者は、互いに平行な上側支持盤14の支持面14aと下側支持盤16の支持面16aとの間の間隔Dを狭める。これにより、上側支持盤14と下側支持盤16との間で湾曲させる試験シート18に前回よりも高い引張応力が発生する。
5枚の試験シート18の破壊強度の平均値が、5枚の試験シート18の平均破壊強度として用いられる。
σ=A×E×t/(D’-t)・・・(3)
上記式(3)中、Aは本試験に固有の定数(1.198)、Eはガラス基板の引張弾性率、tはガラス基板の厚み、D’は「D’=D-2×u」の式から算出される値である。uは樹脂層の厚みを表す。樹脂層の存在によって、ガラス基板の上端と下端の間隔が間隔Dよりも2×uだけ短くなる。尚、樹脂層の存在によるガラス基板の中立面の変位量は、ガラス基板の厚みtの5%以下であり、引張応力σの計算結果にほとんど影響を与えないので、無視する。中立面とは、引張応力も圧縮応力も生じない面であって、樹脂層が存在しない場合、ガラス基板の板厚方向中心面である。中立面の変位量は、材料力学の一般的な式を用いて算出できる。ガラス基板が割れたときの引張応力σbが破壊強度として用いられる。
一方、本発明の要件を満たさない例2および3では、所望の効果は得られなかった。
4 ガラス基板
6 樹脂層
8 マイクロクラック
8a 線状のマイクロクラック
8b 点状のマイクロクラック
10 曲げ試験装置
14 上側支持盤
16 下側支持盤
17 ストッパ
18 試験シート
70 有機ELパネル(OLED)
71 有機EL素子
72 画素電極
74 有機層
76 対向電極
78 封止板
80 液晶パネル
82 TFT基板
83 TFT素子
84 CF基板
85 カラーフィルター素子
86 液晶層
90 太陽電池
91 太陽電池素子
92 透明電極
94 シリコン層
96 反射電極
98 封止板
100 薄膜2次電池
101 薄膜2次電池素子
102 透明電極
104 電解質層
106 集電層
108 封止層
109 封止板
110 電子ペーパ
111 電子ペーパ素子
112 TFT層
114 電気工学媒体を含む層
116 透明電極
118 前面板
Claims (5)
- 表面にマイクロクラックが存在するガラス基板と、前記ガラス基板上に配置された樹脂層とを備える複合体であって、
前記マイクロクラック内部の少なくとも一部に前記樹脂層の樹脂が入り込み、
前記マイクロクラックの深さdに対する、前記ガラス基板表面からの前記樹脂の入り込み深さdfの比(df/d)と、前記樹脂層の破断伸度TE(%)と、前記樹脂層の降伏応力σS(MPa)との積(比(df/d)×破断伸度TE×降伏応力σS)が400MPa・%以上であり、かつ
前記樹脂層の引張弾性率Eresinが1.0GPa以上である、複合体。 - 前記ガラス基板の平均厚みが、10~200μmである、請求項1に記載の複合体。
- 前記樹脂層の平均厚みが、10~100μmである、請求項1または2に記載の複合体。
- 前記樹脂層が、ポリイミドを含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の複合体。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の複合体と、前記複合体のガラス基板上に形成される素子とを含む、電子デバイス。
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| JP2016529197A JP6520939B2 (ja) | 2014-06-16 | 2015-05-25 | 複合体 |
| CN201580032650.7A CN106457777B (zh) | 2014-06-16 | 2015-05-25 | 复合体 |
| KR1020167035150A KR20170018839A (ko) | 2014-06-16 | 2015-05-25 | 복합체 |
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| JP (1) | JP6520939B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20170018839A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN106457777B (ja) |
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Cited By (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016060129A (ja) * | 2014-09-18 | 2016-04-25 | 三菱樹脂株式会社 | ガラス積層体 |
| US20190352213A1 (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2019-11-21 | Schott Ag | Use of a flat glass in electronic components |
| CN112142338A (zh) * | 2019-06-28 | 2020-12-29 | 重庆鑫景特种玻璃有限公司 | 玻璃增强液、复合化学强化玻璃及其制备方法 |
| JP2021026232A (ja) * | 2019-08-08 | 2021-02-22 | 旭化成株式会社 | フレキシブル液晶表示装置 |
| KR20230138445A (ko) | 2021-01-29 | 2023-10-05 | 도레이 카부시키가이샤 | 수지 피복 초박판 유리 |
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| CN111718130A (zh) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-09-29 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | 玻璃板、柔性显示装置及电子设备 |
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| JP4959983B2 (ja) * | 2003-09-02 | 2012-06-27 | 株式会社カネカ | 硬化性組成物 |
| JP5064711B2 (ja) * | 2006-04-07 | 2012-10-31 | Agcテクノグラス株式会社 | ガラス基板の切断方法及び光学フィルタ |
| JP2008015078A (ja) * | 2006-07-04 | 2008-01-24 | Nitto Denko Corp | 偏光板の製造方法、およびこの方法に用いるカッティングマット |
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- 2015-05-25 WO PCT/JP2015/064972 patent/WO2015194324A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2015-05-25 KR KR1020167035150A patent/KR20170018839A/ko not_active Abandoned
- 2015-05-25 CN CN201580032650.7A patent/CN106457777B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| WO2008060699A2 (en) * | 2006-05-25 | 2008-05-22 | High Performance Coatings Inc | High temperature ceramic coatings incorporating nanoparticles |
| JP2012247633A (ja) * | 2011-05-27 | 2012-12-13 | Nsc:Kk | フラットパネルディスプレイ用ガラス基板および同ガラス基板の製造方法 |
| WO2013050164A2 (de) * | 2011-10-07 | 2013-04-11 | Schott Ag | Glasfolie mit speziell ausgebildeter kante |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016060129A (ja) * | 2014-09-18 | 2016-04-25 | 三菱樹脂株式会社 | ガラス積層体 |
| US20190352213A1 (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2019-11-21 | Schott Ag | Use of a flat glass in electronic components |
| CN112142338A (zh) * | 2019-06-28 | 2020-12-29 | 重庆鑫景特种玻璃有限公司 | 玻璃增强液、复合化学强化玻璃及其制备方法 |
| JP2021026232A (ja) * | 2019-08-08 | 2021-02-22 | 旭化成株式会社 | フレキシブル液晶表示装置 |
| JP2025024098A (ja) * | 2019-08-08 | 2025-02-19 | 旭化成株式会社 | フレキシブル液晶表示装置 |
| KR20230138445A (ko) | 2021-01-29 | 2023-10-05 | 도레이 카부시키가이샤 | 수지 피복 초박판 유리 |
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| TWI659832B (zh) | 2019-05-21 |
| CN106457777B (zh) | 2018-07-06 |
| KR20170018839A (ko) | 2017-02-20 |
| TW201604005A (zh) | 2016-02-01 |
| JP6520939B2 (ja) | 2019-05-29 |
| CN106457777A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
| JPWO2015194324A1 (ja) | 2017-04-20 |
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