WO2015163207A1 - 膜および該膜を含有する有機半導体素子 - Google Patents
膜および該膜を含有する有機半導体素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015163207A1 WO2015163207A1 PCT/JP2015/061555 JP2015061555W WO2015163207A1 WO 2015163207 A1 WO2015163207 A1 WO 2015163207A1 JP 2015061555 W JP2015061555 W JP 2015061555W WO 2015163207 A1 WO2015163207 A1 WO 2015163207A1
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- 0 Cc1c(*)c(I)c(C)c(C=*)c1*=C Chemical compound Cc1c(*)c(I)c(C)c(C=*)c1*=C 0.000 description 8
- MRWWWZLJWNIEEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)OB1OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O1 Chemical compound CC(C)OB1OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O1 MRWWWZLJWNIEEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMQKCXREZCCACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCNc1ccc2c([s]c3c4[s]c5cc(C)ccc35)c4[s]c2c1 Chemical compound CCCCCCNc1ccc2c([s]c3c4[s]c5cc(C)ccc35)c4[s]c2c1 VMQKCXREZCCACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a film and an organic semiconductor element containing the film.
- Organic thin-film transistors using films containing organic semiconductor materials can be manufactured at low temperatures compared to conventional transistors using inorganic semiconductor materials, and are expected to reduce device weight and manufacturing costs. Research and development is in progress.
- the field effect mobility which is one of the indexes indicating the performance of the organic thin film transistor, greatly depends on the field effect mobility of the film containing the organic semiconductor material used for the active layer. For this reason, various studies have been made on films containing organic semiconductor materials used for the active layer of organic thin film transistors.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a film containing, as a film used for an active layer of an organic thin film transistor, a polymer compound 1 composed of a structural unit represented by the following formula and a low molecular compound 1 represented by the following formula. Proposed.
- the present invention provides the following film and an organic semiconductor element using the film as an active layer.
- n represents an integer of 1 or more.
- Ring A and Ring C each independently represent a benzene ring, a 5-membered heterocycle or a 6-membered heterocycle, and these rings optionally have a substituent.
- Ring B represents a benzene ring, a cyclopentadiene ring, a 5-membered heterocycle or a 6-membered heterocycle, and these rings may have a substituent. When a plurality of rings B are present, they may be the same or different.
- the compound represented by the formula (1) is a compound represented by the formula (1-1), a compound represented by the formula (1-2), or a compound represented by the formula (1-3).
- Z 11 is a group represented by the formula (Z-1), a group represented by the formula (Z-2), a group represented by the formula (Z-3), or a formula (Z-4). Represents a group or a group represented by the formula (Z-5).
- a plurality of Z 11 may be the same as or different from each other.
- X 11 , X 12 , X 13 and X 14 each independently represent an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a selenium atom.
- a plurality of X 11 , X 13 and X 14 may be the same as or different from each other. When a plurality of X 12 are present, they may be the same or different.
- Y 11 and Y 12 each independently represent a nitrogen atom or a group represented by —CR 2 ⁇ .
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a halogen atom.
- the alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, alkylthio group, cycloalkylthio group, aryl group and monovalent heterocyclic group each may have a substituent.
- a plurality of Y 11 and Y 12 may be the same as or different from each other.
- R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 and R 24 are each independently a hydrogen atom,
- An alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, an alkynyl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a halogen atom is represented.
- alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, alkylthio group, cycloalkylthio group, aryl group, alkynyl group and monovalent heterocyclic group each may have a substituent.
- a plurality of R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 and R 24 are identical to each other. But it can be different. ]
- R 1 represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups have a substituent. It may be. When a plurality of R 1 are present, they may be the same or different.
- [6] The film according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the polymer compound is a polymer compound including a structural unit represented by the formula (2).
- Ring D and ring E each independently represent a heterocyclic ring, and this heterocyclic ring may have a substituent.
- Ring F represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or a heterocyclic ring, and these rings may have a substituent.
- Z 1 represents a group represented by the formula (Z-1 ′), a group represented by the formula (Z-2 ′), a group represented by the formula (Z-3 ′), a formula (Z-4 ′) Or a group represented by the formula (Z-5 ′).
- a plurality of Z 1 may be the same as or different from each other.
- R 1 ′ represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups have a substituent. You may do it. When a plurality of R 1 ′ are present, they may be the same or different.
- the structural unit represented by the formula (2) is a structural unit represented by the formula (2-1), a structural unit represented by the formula (2-2), or a formula (2-3).
- Ring F and Z 1 represent the same meaning as described above.
- X 1 and X 2 each independently represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a selenium atom.
- a plurality of X 1 may be the same as or different from each other. When two or more X2 exists, they may be the same or different.
- Y 1 represents a nitrogen atom or a group represented by —CR 2 ′ ⁇ .
- R 2 ′ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a halogen atom.
- a plurality of Y 1 may be the same as or different from each other.
- [8] having a first electrode and a second electrode, and having an active layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the active layer is selected from [1] to [7]
- the organic-semiconductor element which is a film
- the organic semiconductor element according to [8] which is any one of an organic thin film transistor, an organic thin film solar cell, an organic electroluminescence element, an organic field effect transistor sensor, and an organic conductivity modulation sensor.
- the organic semiconductor element according to [9] which is an organic thin film transistor.
- the film of the present invention is a film containing a polymer compound and a low molecular compound having carrier transport properties, and the content of the low molecular compound is 100 parts by mass in total of the polymer compound and the low molecular compound.
- the diffraction intensity A is 5 to 40 parts by mass
- the diffraction intensity A specified by the measurement method A is 3 to 50.
- the diffraction intensity A specified by the measurement method A and the diffraction intensity B specified by the measurement method B are And the strength ratio (A / B) is 30 or less.
- “Having carrier transportability” means having a property of moving carriers (holes or electrons) inside a film or the like when a film or the like is formed, and field-effect mobility is an index thereof.
- a film formed of a compound alone has a field effect mobility of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 cm 2 / Vs or more (preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 cm 2 / Vs or more).
- the low molecular weight compounds shown are preferred.
- the upper limit of the field effect mobility is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 ⁇ 10 2 cm 2 / Vs.
- Low molecular compound with carrier transport property examples include polycyclic aromatic compounds.
- polycyclic aromatic compound examples include naphthalene, anthracene, tetracene, rubrene, pentacene, benzopentacene, dibenzopentacene, tetrabenzopentacene, naphthopentacene, hexacene, heptacene, nanoacene, fluorene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, chrysene, triphenylene, tetra Fen, picene, flumilen, tetraphen, pyrene, antanthrene, peropyrene, coronene, benzocoronene, dibenzocoronene, hexabenzocoronene, benzodicronene, perylene, terylene, diperylene, quaterylene, trinaphthylene, heptaphene, obalene, rubicene, violanthrone, isoviolan
- the polycyclic aromatic compound may be tetracene, rubrene, pentacene, hexacene, perylene, terylene or fullerene. Tetracene, rubrene, pentacene or hexacene is more preferable.
- the polycyclic aromatic compound may contain a hetero atom.
- examples of the polycyclic aromatic compound containing a hetero atom include benzodithiophene, naphthodithiophene, anthradithiophene, dibenzothiophene, dibenzothienodibenzothiophene, dibenzodithienothiophene, thienothiophene, dithienothiophene, tetrathienoacene, Pentathienoacene, indacenodithiophene, dibenzofuran, carbazole, dibenzosilole, benzodithiadiazole, naphthodithiadiazole, anthradithiadiazole, tetradithiadiazole, pentadithiadiazole, hexadithiadiazole, thiazolothiazole, tetrathiafulvalene, dibenzothiaful Valene,
- the above-mentioned polycyclic aromatic compound may have a substituent.
- Examples of the substituent that the polycyclic aromatic compound may have include, for example, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, Halogen atom, silyl group, amino group, alkenyl group, cycloalkenyl group, alkynyl group, cycloalkynyl group, hydroxyl group, nitro group, cyano group, carboxyl group, alkylcarbonyl group, cycloalkylcarbonyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, cycloalkoxy A carbonyl group is mentioned.
- the alkyl group which is a substituent that the polycyclic aromatic compound may have may be either a linear alkyl group or a branched alkyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is usually 1 to 30 (usually 3 to 30 for a branched alkyl group), and preferably 1 to 20 (3 to 20 for a branched alkyl group).
- the number of carbon atoms contained in the cycloalkyl group, which is a substituent that the polycyclic aromatic compound may have, is usually from 3 to 30, and preferably from 3 to 20.
- the number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- alkyl group examples include linear alkyl groups such as methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, n-butyl group, n-hexyl group, n-octyl group, n-dodecyl group, and n-hexadecyl group, isopropyl Groups, branched alkyl groups such as isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, 3,7-dimethyloctyl group.
- cycloalkyl group examples include a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group.
- the alkyl group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, and a halogen atom.
- the cycloalkyl group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, and a halogen atom.
- Examples of the alkyl group having a substituent include a methoxyethyl group, a benzyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, and a perfluorohexyl group.
- the alkoxy group that is a substituent that the polycyclic aromatic compound may have may be either a straight-chain alkoxy group or a branched alkoxy group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkoxy group is usually 1 to 30 (usually 3 to 30 for a branched alkoxy group), and preferably 1 to 20 (3 to 20 for a branched alkoxy group).
- the number of carbon atoms contained in the cycloalkoxy group which is a substituent that the polycyclic aromatic compound may have is usually from 3 to 30, and preferably from 3 to 20. The number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- alkoxy group examples include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propyloxy group, an n-butyloxy group, an n-hexyloxy group, an n-octyloxy group, an n-dodecyloxy group, and an n-hexadecyloxy group.
- alkoxy groups include branched alkoxy groups such as linear alkoxy groups, isopropyloxy groups, isobutyloxy groups, sec-butyloxy groups, tert-butyloxy groups, 2-ethylhexyloxy groups, and 3,7-dimethyloctyloxy groups.
- Examples of the cycloalkoxy group include a cyclopentyloxy group and a cyclohexyloxy group.
- the alkoxy group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, and a halogen atom.
- the cycloalkoxy group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, and a halogen atom.
- the alkylthio group which is a substituent that the polycyclic aromatic compound may have, may be either a linear alkylthio group or a branched alkylthio group.
- the alkylthio group has usually 1 to 30 carbon atoms (usually 3 to 30 for branched alkylthio groups) and preferably 1 to 20 (3 to 20 for branched alkylthio groups).
- the number of carbon atoms contained in the cycloalkylthio group, which is a substituent that the polycyclic aromatic compound may have, is usually from 3 to 30, and preferably from 3 to 20. The number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- alkylthio group examples include a straight chain alkylthio group such as methylthio group, ethylthio group, n-propylthio group, n-butylthio group, n-hexylthio group, n-octylthio group, n-dodecylthio group, n-hexadecylthio group, isopropyl
- alkylthio group examples include branched alkylthio groups such as a thio group, isobutylthio group, sec-butylthio group, tert-butylthio group, 2-ethylhexylthio group, and 3,7-dimethyloctylthio group.
- Examples of the cycloalkylthio group include a cyclopentylthio group and a cyclohexylthio group.
- the alkylthio group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, and a halogen atom.
- the cycloalkylthio group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryl group, and a halogen atom.
- the aryl group which is a substituent that the polycyclic aromatic compound may have, has one hydrogen atom directly bonded to the carbon atom constituting the ring from the aromatic hydrocarbon that may have a substituent.
- the remaining atomic group which includes a group having a condensed ring, a group in which two or more selected from the group consisting of an independent benzene ring and a condensed ring are directly bonded.
- the aryl group usually has 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms. The number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- Examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, 1-naphthyl group, 2-naphthyl group, 1-anthracenyl group, 2-anthracenyl group, 9-anthracenyl group, 1-pyrenyl group, 2-pyrenyl group, 4-pyrenyl group, Examples include 2-fluorenyl group, 3-fluorenyl group, 4-fluorenyl group, and 4-phenylphenyl group.
- the aryl group may have a substituent.
- substituents examples include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, and a halogen atom. Is mentioned.
- aryl group having a substituent examples include a 4-hexadecylphenyl group, a 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl group, and a pentafluorophenyl group. When the aryl group has a substituent, the substituent is preferably an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.
- the monovalent heterocyclic group that is a substituent that the polycyclic aromatic compound may have is directly from the heterocyclic compound that may have a substituent to the carbon atom or hetero atom constituting the ring. It is the remaining atomic group excluding one hydrogen atom to be bonded, and includes a group in which two or more selected from the group consisting of a group having a condensed ring, an independent heterocyclic ring and a condensed ring are directly bonded.
- the number of carbon atoms contained in the monovalent heterocyclic group is usually 2 to 30, and preferably 3 to 20. The number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- Examples of the monovalent heterocyclic group include a 2-furyl group, a 3-furyl group, a 2-thienyl group, a 3-thienyl group, a 2-pyrrolyl group, a 3-pyrrolyl group, a 2-oxazolyl group, and a 2-thiazolyl group.
- the monovalent heterocyclic group may have a substituent.
- substituents examples include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, and a halogen atom. Is mentioned.
- Examples of the monovalent heterocyclic group having a substituent include a 5-octyl-2-thienyl group and a 5-phenyl-2-furyl group. When the monovalent heterocyclic group has a substituent, the substituent is preferably an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.
- halogen atom that is a substituent that the polycyclic aromatic compound may have include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- the silyl group which is a substituent that the polycyclic aromatic compound may have, may have a substituent.
- substituent that the silyl group may have include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, and an aryl group.
- silyl group having a substituent include a trimethylsilyl group, a triethylsilyl group, a triisopropylsilyl group, a tert-butyldimethylsilyl group, a phenylsilyl group, and a triphenylsilyl group.
- the amino group which is a substituent that the polycyclic aromatic compound may have may have a substituent.
- substituent that the amino group may have include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, and an aryl group.
- amino group having a substituent include a dimethylamino group, a diethylamino group, a diisopropylamino group, and a diphenylamino group.
- the alkenyl group which is a substituent that the polycyclic aromatic compound may have, may be a linear alkenyl group or a branched alkenyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkenyl group is usually 2 to 30 (usually 3 to 30 for a branched alkenyl group), and preferably 2 to 20 (3 to 20 for a branched alkenyl group).
- the number of carbon atoms contained in the cycloalkenyl group, which is a substituent that the polycyclic aromatic compound may have, is usually from 3 to 30, and preferably from 3 to 20.
- the number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- alkenyl group examples include a vinyl group, 1-propenyl group, 2-propenyl group, 1-hexenyl group, 1-dodecenyl group, 1-hexadecenyl group and 1-cyclohexenyl group.
- the alkenyl group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include an aryl group, a halogen atom, and a silyl group.
- the cycloalkenyl group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include an aryl group, a halogen atom, and a silyl group.
- the alkynyl group which is a substituent that the polycyclic aromatic compound may have, may be either a linear alkynyl group or a branched alkynyl group.
- the alkynyl group has usually 2 to 30 carbon atoms (usually 4 to 30 for branched alkynyl groups) and preferably 2 to 20 (4 to 20 for branched alkynyl groups).
- the number of carbon atoms of the cycloalkynyl group, which is a substituent that the polycyclic aromatic compound may have, is usually 6 to 30, and preferably 6 to 20. The number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- alkynyl group examples include ethynyl group, 1-propynyl group, 1-hexynyl group, 1-dodecynyl group and 1-hexadecynyl group.
- the alkynyl group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include an aryl group, a halogen atom, and a silyl group.
- the cycloalkynyl group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include an aryl group, a halogen atom, and a silyl group.
- the silyl group may have a substituent.
- Examples of the substituent that the silyl group may have include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, and an aryl group.
- Examples of the silyl group having a substituent include silyl groups having 3 to 18 carbon atoms such as trimethylsilyl group, triethylsilyl group, triisopropylsilyl group, tert-butyldimethylsilyl group, phenylsilyl group, and triphenylsilyl group. Groups.
- Examples of the alkylcarbonyl group that is a substituent that the polycyclic aromatic compound may have include a group in which the above alkyl group and carbonyl group are bonded.
- Examples of the cycloalkylcarbonyl group that is a substituent that the polycyclic aromatic compound may have include a group in which the above cycloalkyl group and a carbonyl group are bonded.
- alkylcarbonyl group examples include linear alkylcarbonyl groups such as an acetyl group, an n-propanoyl group, an n-butyl group, an n-hexanoyl group, an n-octanoyl group, an n-dodecanoyl group, and an n-hexadecanoyl group, Examples thereof include branched alkylcarbonyl groups such as isobutanoyl group, sec-butanoyl group, tert-butanoyl group and 2-ethylhexanoyl group.
- cycloalkylcarbonyl group examples include a cyclopentylcarbonyl group and a cyclohexylcarbonyl group.
- Examples of the alkoxycarbonyl group that is a substituent that the polycyclic aromatic compound may have include a group in which the above alkoxy group and carbonyl group are bonded.
- Examples of the cycloalkoxycarbonyl group that is a substituent that the polycyclic aromatic compound may have include a group in which the above cycloalkoxy group and a carbonyl group are bonded.
- alkoxycarbonyl group examples include methoxycarbonyl group, ethoxycarbonyl group, n-propyloxycarbonyl group, n-butoxycarbonyl group, n-hexyloxycarbonyl group, n-octyloxycarbonyl group, n-dodecyloxycarbonyl group, Branched alkoxycarbonyl such as linear alkoxycarbonyl group such as n-hexadecyloxycarbonyl group, isopropyloxycarbonyl group, isobutyloxycarbonyl group, sec-butyloxycarbonyl group, tert-butyloxycarbonyl group, 2-ethylhexyloxycarbonyl group Groups.
- cycloalkoxycarbonyl group examples include a cyclopentyloxycarbonyl group and a cyclohexyloxycarbonyl group.
- the polycyclic aromatic compound which is a low molecular compound having carrier transportability, is more excellent in the field effect mobility of the organic thin film transistor produced using the film of the present invention
- the low molecular compound represented by the formula (1) It is preferable that
- n represents an integer of 1 or more.
- N is preferably an integer of 2 to 8, more preferably an integer of 2 to 6, more preferably 2 to 4 because the field effect mobility of the organic thin film transistor produced using the film of the present invention is more excellent. More preferably, it is an integer.
- ring A and ring C each independently represent a benzene ring, a 5-membered heterocycle or a 6-membered heterocycle, and these rings may have a substituent. Since the field effect mobility of the organic thin film transistor produced using the film of the present invention is more excellent, the ring A and the ring C are preferably a 5-membered heterocyclic ring or a benzene ring, and more preferably a benzene ring. preferable.
- hetero atom examples include an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a fluorine atom, a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom, and a silicon atom, which are produced using the film of the present invention. Since the organic thin film transistor is more excellent in field effect mobility, it is preferably an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom or a silicon atom, more preferably a sulfur atom.
- Examples of the 5-membered heterocyclic ring and the 6-membered heterocyclic ring include a furan ring, a thiophene ring, a selenophene ring, a pyrrole ring, an oxazole ring, a thiazole ring, an imidazole ring, and a pyridine ring. Since the field effect mobility of the organic thin film transistor to be produced is more excellent, it is preferably a furan ring, a thiophene ring or a thiazole ring, more preferably a thiophene ring or a thiazole ring, and further preferably a thiophene ring.
- Examples of the substituent that the benzene ring, 5-membered heterocycle and 6-membered heterocycle represented by ring A and ring C may have include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, and a cycloalkoxy group.
- the definitions and specific examples of these substituents are the substituents that the above polycyclic aromatic compound may have.
- the definition and specific examples of the carbonyl group and cycloalkoxycarbonyl group are the same.
- ring B represents a benzene ring, a cyclopentadiene ring, a 5-membered heterocycle or a 6-membered heterocycle, and these rings may have a substituent. When a plurality of rings B are present, they may be the same or different.
- the 5-membered heterocyclic ring and the 6-membered heterocyclic ring include a furan ring, a thiophene ring, a selenophene ring, a pyrrole ring, an oxazole ring, a thiazole ring, an imidazole ring, and a pyridine ring.
- the ring B is preferably a cyclopentadiene ring, a benzene ring or a thiophene ring, and preferably a benzene ring or a thiophene ring. More preferred.
- Examples of the substituent that the benzene ring, cyclopentadiene ring, 5-membered heterocyclic ring and 6-membered heterocyclic ring represented by ring B may have include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, and a cycloalkoxy group.
- the definitions and specific examples of the group, alkoxycarbonyl group and cycloalkoxycarbonyl group are the same.
- the organic thin film transistor produced using the film of the present invention has better field effect mobility.
- the low molecular weight compound represented by the formula (1) is more excellent in the field effect mobility of the organic thin film transistor produced using the film of the present invention, and therefore represented by the formula (1-1) to the formula (1-14). It is preferable that the compound is a low molecular compound such as formula (1-1), formula (1-4), formula (1-5), formula (1-6), formula (1-9), formula (1- 11) or a low molecular compound represented by formula (1-12) is more preferable, and formula (1-4), formula (1-6), formula (1-9), formula (1-11) Further, it is more preferably a low molecular compound represented by the formula (1-12), the formula (1-13) or the formula (1-14), which is represented by the formula (1-4) or the formula (1-6). Particularly preferred are low molecular weight compounds.
- Z 11 represents a group represented by formula (Z-1), a group represented by formula (Z-2), or a formula (Z-3).
- a plurality of Z 11 may be the same as or different from each other.
- R 1 represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group. And these groups may have a substituent.
- the above polycyclic aromatic compounds may have definitions and specific examples of alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, alkoxy groups, cycloalkoxy groups, alkylthio groups, cycloalkylthio groups, aryl groups, and monovalent heterocyclic groups.
- R 1 is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group.
- Z 11 is preferably a group represented by the formula (Z-1) or the formula (Z-2).
- a group represented by the formula (Z-1) is more preferable.
- X 11 , X 12 , X 13 and X 14 each independently represent an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a selenium atom.
- a plurality of X 11 , X 13 and X 14 may be the same as or different from each other. When a plurality of X 12 are present, they may be the same or different.
- X 11 , X 12 , X 13 and X 14 are preferably sulfur atoms.
- Y 11 and Y 12 each independently represent a nitrogen atom or a group represented by —CR 2 ⁇ .
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a halogen atom.
- a plurality of Y 11 and Y 12 may be the same as or different from each other.
- alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, alkoxy groups, cycloalkoxy groups, alkylthio groups, cycloalkylthio groups, aryl groups, and monovalent heterocyclic groups may be included in the polycyclic aromatic compound.
- the definition and specific examples of alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, alkylthio group, cycloalkylthio group, aryl group and monovalent heterocyclic group which are good substituents are the same.
- R 2 is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group or a halogen atom, More preferably, it is an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or a halogen atom.
- Y 11 and Y 12 are preferably a group represented by —CR 2 ⁇ , and are a group represented by —CH ⁇ , in order to facilitate the synthesis of a low molecular compound contained in the film of the present invention. It is more preferable.
- R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 and R 24 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, an alkynyl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a halogen atom. Represents an atom.
- R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 and R 24 are identical to each other. But it can be different.
- the alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, alkylthio group, cycloalkylthio group, aryl group, alkynyl group and monovalent heterocyclic group each may have a substituent.
- alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, alkoxy groups, cycloalkoxy groups, alkylthio groups, cycloalkylthio groups, aryl groups, alkynyl groups, and monovalent heterocyclic groups have the above polycyclic aromatic compounds.
- the definition and specific examples of alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, alkoxy groups, cycloalkoxy groups, alkylthio groups, cycloalkylthio groups, aryl groups, alkynyl groups, and monovalent heterocyclic groups, which may be substituents, are the same. .
- Examples of the low molecular compound represented by the formula (1) may be a low molecular compound represented by the formula (1-1) to the formula (1-14)) include, for example, the formulas (1-101) to A low molecular weight compound represented by the formula (1-127), and the organic thin film transistor produced by using the film of the present invention is more excellent in the field-effect mobility.
- a low molecular compound represented by the formula (1-121) or the formula (1-122) is preferable, and the formula (1-107), the formula (1-108), the formula (1-111) or the formula A low molecular compound represented by (1-118) is more preferable, and is represented by the formula (1-107) or the formula (1-108). Or more preferably a low molecular compound represented by the formula (1-111).
- the low molecular weight compound represented by the formula (1) is, for example, a method described in JP-A-2009-267372, JP-A-2012-39103, JP-A-2009-209134, JP-T-2013-501076. It can be synthesized according to
- polymer compound contained in the film of the present invention examples include poly (N-vinylcarbazole), polyaniline and derivatives thereof, polythiophene and derivatives thereof, poly (p-phenylene vinylene) and derivatives thereof, poly (2,5 -Thienylene vinylene) and derivatives thereof, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polysiloxane, polystyrene and derivatives thereof, polymethyl methacrylate and derivatives thereof, and high molecular compounds having a ⁇ -conjugated structure.
- the polymer compound is preferably a polymer compound having a ⁇ -conjugated structure because the field effect mobility of the organic thin film transistor produced using the film of the present invention is more excellent.
- Examples of the polymer compound having a ⁇ -conjugated structure include fluorene, triphenylamine, thiophene, dithiophene, thienothiophene, naphthalene, anthracene, tetracene, rubrene, pentacene, benzopentacene, dibenzopentacene, tetrabenzopentacene, naphthopentacene, hexacene.
- Heptacene Heptacene, nanoacene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, chrysene, triphenylene, tetraphen, picene, flurylene, tetraphen, pyrene, antanthrene, peropyrene, coronene, benzocoronene, dibenzocoronene, hexabenzocoronene, benzodicronene, perylene, terylene, diperylene, quaterylene, Trinaphthylene, heptaphene, ovarene, rubicene, violanthrone, isoviolanthrone, circa Anthracene, Bisuanten, Zesuren, Heputazesuren, Piransu, kekulene, Torakisen, or polymer compounds containing these derivatives as a structural unit thereof.
- the structural unit represented by the formula (2) (hereinafter referred to as “first structural unit”). It is preferable that it is a high molecular compound containing.
- the first structural unit may be contained alone or in combination of two or more in the polymer compound.
- the polymer compound containing the first structural unit is preferably a conjugated polymer compound.
- ring D and ring E each independently represent a heterocycle, and this heterocycle may have a substituent.
- the number of carbon atoms of the heterocyclic ring is preferably 2 to 30, more preferably 2 to 14, and further preferably 3 to 10.
- the number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- heterocyclic ring examples include furan ring, thiophene ring, selenophene ring, pyrrole ring, oxazole ring, thiazole ring, imidazole ring, pyridine ring, benzofuran ring, benzothiophene ring, thienothiophene ring, 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole A ring is mentioned.
- heterocyclic ring may have include, for example, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, a halogen atom, Silyl group, amino group, alkenyl group, cycloalkenyl group, alkynyl group, cycloalkynyl group, hydroxyl group, nitro group, cyano group, carboxyl group, alkylcarbonyl group, cycloalkylcarbonyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, cycloalkoxycarbonyl group Can be mentioned.
- cycloalkynyl group, hydroxyl group, nitro group, cyano group, carboxyl group, alkylcarbonyl group, cycloalkylcarbonyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, and cycloalkoxycarbonyl group have the above polycyclic aromatic compounds.
- alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, alkylthio group, cycloalkylthio group, aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group, halogen atom, silyl group, amino group, alkenyl group , Cycloalkenyl group, alkini Groups are the same as the definition and specific examples of a cycloalkynyl group, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, a cycloalkylcarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, cycloalkoxy carbonyl group.
- the ring D and the ring E are preferably the same heterocyclic ring.
- the ring D and the ring E are preferably composed of a 5-membered and / or 6-membered heterocyclic ring. It is more preferable that it is comprised only of the heterocyclic ring of this, and it is still more preferable that it is a 5-membered heterocyclic ring.
- the ring F represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or a heterocyclic ring, and these rings may have a substituent.
- the number of carbon atoms in the aromatic hydrocarbon ring represented by ring F is preferably 6-30, more preferably 6-24, and even more preferably 6-18.
- the number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon ring include a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, an anthracene ring, a pyrene ring, and a fluorene ring.
- the number of carbon atoms in the heterocyclic ring represented by ring F is preferably 2 to 30, more preferably 2 to 14, and further preferably 3 to 10.
- the number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- Examples of the heterocyclic ring include furan ring, thiophene ring, selenophene ring, pyrrole ring, oxazole ring, thiazole ring, imidazole ring, pyridine ring, benzofuran ring, benzothiophene ring, thienothiophene ring, 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole A ring is mentioned.
- heterocyclic ring may have include, for example, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, a halogen atom, Silyl group, amino group, alkenyl group, cycloalkenyl group, alkynyl group, cycloalkynyl group, hydroxyl group, nitro group, cyano group, carboxyl group, alkylcarbonyl group, cycloalkylcarbonyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, cycloalkoxycarbonyl group Can be mentioned.
- cycloalkynyl group, hydroxyl group, nitro group, cyano group, carboxyl group, alkylcarbonyl group, cycloalkylcarbonyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, and cycloalkoxycarbonyl group have the above polycyclic aromatic compounds.
- alkyl group cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, alkylthio group, cycloalkylthio group, aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group, halogen atom, silyl group, amino group, alkenyl group , Cycloalkenyl group, alkini Group, cycloalkynyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, a cycloalkylcarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, is the same as the definition and specific examples of the cycloalkoxy group.
- the ring F is preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, more preferably a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring, because the field effect mobility of the organic thin film transistor produced using the film of the present invention is more excellent.
- the ring of may have a substituent.
- Ring F preferably has an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an amino group or a hydroxyl group, and an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group or a cycloalkoxy group It is more preferable to have an alkoxy group or a cycloalkoxy group.
- Z 1 represents a group represented by formula (Z-1 ′), a group represented by formula (Z-2 ′), a group represented by formula (Z-3 ′), a formula A group represented by (Z-4 ′) or a group represented by formula (Z-5 ′) is represented.
- a plurality of Z 1 may be the same as or different from each other.
- R 1 ′ represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, or a monovalent complex
- the above polycyclic aromatic compounds may have definitions and specific examples of alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, alkoxy groups, cycloalkoxy groups, alkylthio groups, cycloalkylthio groups, aryl groups, and monovalent heterocyclic groups.
- R 1 ′ is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group.
- Z 1 may be a group represented by the formula (Z-1 ′) or the formula (Z-2 ′). A group represented by the formula (Z-1 ′) is more preferable.
- the structural unit represented by the formula (2) is the structural unit represented by the formula (2-1), the formula (2) -2) or a structural unit represented by formula (2-3) is preferred, and a structural unit represented by formula (2-1) is more preferred.
- X 1 and X 2 each independently represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a selenium atom.
- a plurality of X 1 may be the same as or different from each other. When two or more X2 exists, they may be the same or different.
- X 1 and X 2 are preferably sulfur atoms.
- Y 1 represents a nitrogen atom or a group represented by —CR 2 ′ ⁇ .
- R 2 ′ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a halogen atom.
- a plurality of Y 1 may be the same as or different from each other.
- alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, alkoxy groups, cycloalkoxy groups, alkylthio groups, cycloalkylthio groups, aryl groups, and monovalent heterocyclic groups may be included in the polycyclic aromatic compound.
- the definition and specific examples of alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, alkylthio group, cycloalkylthio group, aryl group and monovalent heterocyclic group which are good substituents are the same.
- R 2 ′ is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group or a halogen atom, And more preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or a halogen atom.
- Y 1 is preferably a group represented by —CR 2 ′ ⁇ , and preferably a group represented by —CH ⁇ . More preferred.
- Examples of the structural unit represented by the formula (2) (which may be a structural unit represented by the formula (2-1) to the formula (2-3)) include, for example, the formula (2-11-1) to Structural units represented by formula (2-11-10), formula (2-12-1) to formula (2-12-10) and formula (2-13-1) to formula (2-13-10) Is mentioned. Since the field effect mobility of the organic thin film transistor produced using the film of the present invention is more excellent, the structural unit represented by the formula (2) is represented by the formula (2-11-1) and the formula (2-11-2).
- Formula (2-11-3), formula (2-12-1), formula (2-12-3), formula (2-12-5), formula (2-13-1), formula (2) -13-3) or a structural unit represented by the formula (2-13-5) is preferred, and the formula (2-11-1), the formula (2-11-2), the formula (2-11-) 3), a structural unit represented by formula (2-12-1), formula (2-12-3), formula (2-13-1) or formula (2-13-3) is more preferable. And more preferably a structural unit represented by formula (2-11-1), formula (2-11-2) or formula (2-11-3).
- the polymer compound contained in the film of the present invention is a structural unit represented by the formula (3) (provided that the structure is represented by the formula (2)). (It may be different from the unit.) (Hereinafter also referred to as “second structural unit”).
- Ar represents an arylene group or a divalent heterocyclic group, and these groups may have a substituent.
- the polymer compound of the present invention when the polymer compound of the present invention includes the second structural unit, it may be a structural unit represented by the formula (2) (a structural unit represented by the formula (2-1) to the formula (2-3)). ) And the structural unit represented by the formula (3) preferably form a conjugate.
- conjugation refers to a state in which unsaturated bonds and single bonds are alternately linked in a molecular structure and bond electrons exist without being localized.
- the unsaturated bond refers to a double bond or a triple bond.
- the arylene group is a remaining atomic group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms directly bonded to carbon atoms constituting a ring from an aromatic hydrocarbon which may have a substituent, and a group having a condensed ring, independently It is preferable that two or more selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring and a condensed ring are directly bonded, or two or more selected from the group consisting of an independent benzene ring and a condensed ring are bonded via vinylene or the like.
- the number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- the arylene group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, and a halogen atom.
- substituents include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, and a halogen atom.
- arylene group examples include arylene groups represented by the following formulas 1 to 12.
- R ′′ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a halogen atom.
- a plurality of R ′′ may be the same or different. Definitions and specific examples of alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, alkoxy groups, cycloalkoxy groups, alkylthio groups, cycloalkylthio groups, aryl groups, monovalent heterocyclic groups, and halogen atoms have the above polycyclic aromatic compounds.
- alkyl group cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, cycloalkoxy group, alkylthio group, cycloalkylthio group, aryl group, monovalent heterocyclic group, and halogen atom, which may be substituents, are the same. .
- the divalent heterocyclic group is a remaining atomic group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms directly bonded to a carbon atom or a hetero atom constituting a ring from an optionally substituted heterocyclic compound, It includes a group in which two or more selected from the group consisting of a group having a condensed ring, an independent heterocyclic ring and a condensed ring are directly bonded.
- the number of carbon atoms contained in the divalent heterocyclic group is usually 2 to 30, and preferably 3 to 20. The number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- the divalent heterocyclic group is preferably a divalent aromatic heterocyclic group.
- the divalent heterocyclic group may have a substituent.
- substituents examples include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group, and a halogen atom. Is mentioned.
- the definitions and specific examples of these substituents are alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, alkoxy groups, cycloalkoxy groups, alkylthio groups, cycloalkylthio groups, which are the substituents that the polycyclic aromatic compound may have,
- the definition and specific examples of the aryl group and halogen atom are the same.
- divalent heterocyclic group examples include divalent heterocyclic groups represented by the following formulas 13 to 64.
- R ′′ represents the same meaning as described above.
- a and b each independently represent the number of repetitions, and are usually an integer of 0 to 5, preferably an integer of 0 to 3, more preferably an integer of 0 to 1.
- the second structural unit is preferably a divalent heterocyclic group.
- Formula 49 to Formula 53, Formula 59 to 62 The divalent heterocyclic group represented by Formula 64 is more preferable, and the divalent heterocyclic group represented by Formula 51 and Formula 64 is more preferable.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) in terms of polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography (hereinafter referred to as “GPC”) of the polymer compound contained in the membrane of the present invention is usually 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 1 ⁇ . 10 7 . From the viewpoint of forming a good film, the number average molecular weight is preferably 3 ⁇ 10 3 or more. From the viewpoint of enhancing solubility in a solvent and facilitating film formation, the number average molecular weight is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 6 or less.
- the polymer compound contained in the film of the present invention has high solubility in a solvent (preferably an organic solvent).
- a solvent preferably an organic solvent
- the polymer compound contained in the film of the present invention Preferably has a solubility capable of preparing a solution containing 0.1 wt% (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “wt%”) or more, and has a solubility capable of preparing a solution containing 0.4 wt% or more. Is more preferable.
- the content of the structural unit represented by the formula (2) may be at least one in the polymer compound. It is preferable that at least one is included, and it is more preferable that five or more are included in the polymer compound.
- the polymer compound contained in the film of the present invention may be either a homopolymer or a copolymer.
- the copolymer may be any kind of copolymer, for example, any of a block copolymer, a random copolymer, an alternating copolymer, and a graft copolymer. Since the field effect mobility of the organic thin film transistor produced using the film of the present invention is more excellent, the polymer compound contained in the film of the present invention comprises a structural unit represented by the formula (2) and a formula (3 ) Is preferably a copolymer with a structural unit represented by formula (2) and an alternating copolymer of a structural unit represented by formula (2) and a structural unit represented by formula (3). More preferred.
- the field effect mobility of the organic thin film transistor produced using the composition of the present invention is lowered when a group active in the polymerization reaction remains at the molecular chain terminal.
- the molecular chain terminal is preferably a stable group such as an aryl group or a monovalent aromatic heterocyclic group.
- Polymer compound contained in the film of the present invention may be produced by any method, for example, the formula: with a compound represented by X 21 -A 11 -X 22, wherein: X 23 -A 12 - a compound represented by X 24, dissolved in an organic solvent, if necessary, a base is added as needed, it can be synthesized by a known polymerization method such as aryl coupling using an appropriate catalyst.
- a 11 represents a structural unit represented by the formula (2)
- a 12 represents a structural unit represented by the formula (3).
- X 21 , X 22 , X 23 and X 24 each independently represent a polymerization reactive group.
- Examples of the polymerization reactive group include a halogen atom, a boric acid ester residue, a boric acid residue, and an organic tin residue.
- the boric acid residue means a group represented by —B (OH) 2 .
- Examples of the organotin residue include an organotin residue substituted with three alkyl groups or three cycloalkyl groups (for example, a trialkylstannyl group or a tricycloalkylstannyl group).
- halogen atom that is a polymerization reactive group
- examples of the halogen atom that is a polymerization reactive group include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- boric acid ester residue that is a polymerization reactive group examples include a group represented by the following formula.
- organotin residues substituted with three alkyl groups that are polymerization reactive groups include organotin residues substituted with three methyl groups (trimethylstannyl groups) and three butyl groups.
- An organic tin residue (tributylstannyl group) is mentioned.
- organotin residue substituted with a cycloalkyl group include a tricyclohexylstannyl group.
- Examples of the polymerization method such as aryl coupling include, for example, a method of polymerizing by a Suzuki coupling reaction (Chemical Review, 1995, Vol. 95, 2457-2483), a method of polymerizing by a Stille coupling reaction (European Polymer). Journal, 2005, Vol. 41, 2923-2933).
- the polymerization reactive group is preferably a halogen atom, a boric acid ester residue or a boric acid residue when a nickel catalyst or a palladium catalyst such as a Suzuki coupling reaction is used.
- a bromine atom, an iodine atom or a borate residue is preferred.
- the ratio of the acid ester residue to the total number of moles is preferably 0.7 to 1.3, more preferably 0.8 to 1.2.
- the polymerization reactive group is preferably a halogen atom or an organic tin residue substituted with three alkyl groups or three cycloalkyl groups.
- an organic tin residue substituted with a bromine atom, an iodine atom, or three alkyl groups or three cycloalkyl groups is preferable.
- the polymer compound contained in the film of the present invention is polymerized by Stille coupling reaction, the total number of moles of bromine atom and iodine atom which are the above-mentioned polymerization reactive groups and the organic material which is the above-mentioned polymerization reactive group.
- the ratio of the tin residue (preferably an organotin residue substituted with three alkyl groups or three cycloalkyl groups) to the total number of moles is preferably 0.7 to 1.3, 0.8 More preferably, it is -1.2.
- organic solvent used for polymerization examples include benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane. These organic solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the base used for polymerization include inorganic bases such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, potassium fluoride, cesium fluoride, tripotassium phosphate, tetrabutylammonium fluoride, tetrabutylammonium chloride, tetrabromide.
- Organic bases such as butylammonium, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide are listed.
- the catalyst used for the polymerization examples include transition metal complexes such as tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium, palladium acetate, dichlorobistriphenylphosphinepalladium, and other transition metal complexes, and if necessary, A catalyst comprising a ligand such as phenylphosphine, tri-tert-butylphosphine, or tricyclohexylphosphine is preferred. As these catalysts, those synthesized in advance may be used, or those prepared in the reaction system may be used as they are. Moreover, these catalysts may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together.
- transition metal complexes such as tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium, palladium acetate, dichlorobistriphenylpho
- the reaction temperature of the polymerization is preferably 0 to 200 ° C, more preferably 0 to 150 ° C, and further preferably 0 to 120 ° C.
- the polymerization reaction time is usually 1 hour or longer, preferably 2 to 500 hours.
- Post-treatment of the polymerization can be performed by a known method, and examples thereof include a method in which the reaction solution obtained by the above polymerization is added to a lower alcohol such as methanol and the resulting precipitate is filtered and dried.
- a lower alcohol such as methanol
- the polymer compound contained in the composition of the present invention is preferably purified by a method such as recrystallization, continuous extraction with a Soxhlet extractor, or column chromatography.
- the compound represented by the formula (11) can be suitably used in the above-described method for producing a polymer compound as a raw material for the polymer compound contained in the composition of the present invention.
- ring D and ring E preferably have a boric acid ester residue, boric acid residue or organotin residue.
- the compound represented by the formula (11) is represented by the compound represented by the formula (11-1) and the formula (11-2).
- a compound or a compound represented by the formula (11-3) is preferable.
- rings F, Z 1 , X 1 , X 2 and Y 1 represent the same meaning as described above.
- M 1 represents a boric acid ester residue, a boric acid residue or an organotin residue. A plurality of M 1 may be the same or different. Definitions and specific examples of boric acid ester residues, boric acid residues or organotin residues are as follows. It is the same.
- Examples of the compound represented by the formula (11) may be a compound represented by the formula (11-1) to the formula (11-3)) include, for example, the formula (5a-11-1) to the formula ( And compounds represented by formula (5a-11-10), formula (5a-12-1) to formula (5a-12-10) and formula (5a-13-1) to formula (5a-13-10) Since the synthesis of the compound represented by formula (11) is facilitated, formula (5a-11-1), formula (5a-11-2), formula (5a-11-3), formula (5a-12) -1), formula (5a-12-3), formula (5a-12-5), formula (5a-13-1), formula (5a-13-3) or formula (5a-13-5) Are preferably the compounds represented by formula (5a-11-1), formula (5a-11-2), formula (5a-11-3), formula (5a-12-1), formula (5a-1 -3), a compound represented by the formula (5a-13-1) or the formula (5a-13-3) is more preferable, and the compounds represented by the formula (5a-11-1) and the formula (5a-11-2) Alternatively, a compound represented by formula (5a-11-3) is
- the compound represented by the formula (11) may be produced by any method. For example, as described below, bromination reaction, Suzuki coupling reaction, Wolff-Kishner reduction reaction, Buchwald-Hartwig amination It can be produced by a reaction or oxidative cyclization reaction.
- Z 1 is a group represented by the formula (Z-5 ′)
- the compound represented by the formula (S4) obtained in the first step can be produced by the second step of intramolecular cyclization.
- the compound obtained in this case is a compound represented by the formula (S5).
- the compound represented by the formula (S5) is reacted with a halogenating agent such as (I) N-bromosuccinimide, (II) by a coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst or the like, or (III
- a halogenating agent such as (I) N-bromosuccinimide, (II) by a coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst or the like, or (III
- the compound represented by the formula (11) can be produced by reacting with alkyllithium to lithiate, and further reacting with tributylbutyltin chloride or the like.
- ring D, ring E and ring F have the same meaning as described above.
- M 1 and M 2 each independently represents a boric acid ester residue or a boric acid residue (a group represented by —B (OH) 2 ).
- Hal represents an iodine atom, a bromine atom or a chlorine atom.
- Hal of formula (S2) and Hal of formula (S3) may be the same or different.
- Z 1 is a group represented by the formula (Z-1 ′), for example, A first step of reacting the compound represented by the above formula (S5) by a Wolff-Kishner reduction reaction; The compound represented by the formula (S6) obtained in the first step, a base such as sodium alkoxide, and the second step in which an alkyl halide is reacted can be produced.
- the compound obtained in this case is a compound represented by the formula (S7).
- the compound represented by the formula (S7) is reacted with a halogenating agent such as (I) N-bromosuccinimide, (II) by a coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst or the like, or (III
- a halogenating agent such as (I) N-bromosuccinimide, (II) by a coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst or the like, or (III
- the compound represented by the formula (11) can be produced by reacting with alkyllithium to lithiate, and further reacting with tributylbutyltin chloride or the like.
- R represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a cycloalkylthio group, an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group, and these groups optionally have a substituent.
- a plurality of R may be the same or different from each other.
- Z 1 and Z 2 are a group represented by the formula (Z-1 ′)
- a first step of reacting a compound represented by formula (S1), a compound represented by formula (S8), and a compound represented by formula (S9) by a Suzuki coupling reaction A second step in which the compound represented by the formula (S10) obtained in the first step is reacted with butyllithium to lithiate, and further reacted with a ketone;
- the compound represented by the formula (S11) obtained in the second step can be produced by a third step in which an acid such as trifluoroboric acid or sulfuric acid is reacted and cyclized.
- the compound obtained in this case is a compound represented by the formula (S7).
- the compound represented by the formula (S7) is reacted with a halogenating agent such as (I) N-bromosuccinimide, (II) by a coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst or the like, or (III
- a halogenating agent such as (I) N-bromosuccinimide, (II) by a coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst or the like, or (III
- the compound represented by the formula (11) can be produced by reacting with alkyllithium to lithiate, and further reacting with tributylbutyltin chloride or the like.
- R, M 1 , M 2 , Ring D, Ring E, Ring F and Hal represent the same meaning as described above.
- a plurality of Hal present in the formula (S8) may be the same or different, and a plurality of Hal present in the formula (S9) may be the same or different.
- the Hal in the formula (S8) and the formula (S9) Hal may be the same or different.
- a halogenating agent such as N-bromosuccinimide
- reacting the compound represented by the formula (S12) obtained in the first step with butyllithium to lithiate, and further reacting with the compound represented by the formula: R 2 ECl 2 , etc. Can be manufactured.
- the compound obtained in this case is a compound represented by the formula (S13).
- the compound represented by the formula (S13) is reacted with a halogenating agent such as (I) N-bromosuccinimide, (II) by a coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst or the like, or (III
- a halogenating agent such as (I) N-bromosuccinimide, (II) by a coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst or the like, or (III
- the compound represented by the formula (11) can be produced by reacting with alkyllithium to lithiate, and further reacting with tributylbutyltin chloride or the like.
- R, ring D, ring E, ring F and Hal represent the same meaning as described above.
- G represents a silicon atom or a germanium atom.
- a plurality of Hal present in formula (S10) may be the same or different, and a plurality of Hal present in (S12) may be the same or different.
- Z 1 is a group represented by the formula (Z-4 ′), for example, It can be produced by reacting the compound represented by the above formula (S12) with the compound represented by the formula (S14) by Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction.
- the compound obtained in this case is a compound represented by the formula (S15).
- the compound represented by the formula (S15) is reacted with a halogenating agent such as (I) N-bromosuccinimide, (II) by a coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst or the like, or
- a halogenating agent such as (I) N-bromosuccinimide, (II) by a coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst or the like, or (III
- the compound represented by the formula (11) can be produced by reacting with alkyllithium to lithiate, and further reacting with tributylbutyltin chloride or the like.
- R, ring D, ring E, ring F and Hal represent the same meaning as described above.
- a plurality of Hal present in the formula (S12) may be the same or different.
- the compound represented by the formula (S21) obtained in the first step can be produced by the second step of intramolecular cyclization.
- the compound obtained in this case is a compound represented by the formula (S7).
- the compound represented by the formula (S7) is reacted with a halogenating agent such as (I) N-bromosuccinimide, (II) by a coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst or the like, or (III
- a halogenating agent such as (I) N-bromosuccinimide, (II) by a coupling reaction using a palladium catalyst or the like, or (III
- the compound represented by the formula (11) can be produced by reacting with alkyllithium to lithiate, and further reacting with tributylbutyltin chloride or the like.
- R, ring D, ring E and Hal represent the same meaning as described above.
- M 3 and M 4 each independently represent a boric acid ester residue or a boric acid residue (a group represented by —B (OH) 2 ).
- R p represents an alkyl group, a silyl group, or an acetyl group.
- a plurality of Hal present in the formula (S24) may be the same or different.
- R p of R p and formula (S20) of (S19) may be the same or different.
- Examples of the compound represented by the formula (11) include, for example, JP 2009-155648 A, JP 2009-209134 A, JP 2012-500308 A, JP 2013-501076 A, International Publication 2013 / It can also be synthesized according to the method described in No. 010614.
- the film of the present invention contains a polymer compound and a compound having carrier transportability.
- the polymer compound may be contained alone or in combination of two or more in the membrane of the present invention.
- the compound which has carrier transportability may be contained individually by 1 type in the film
- the content of the low molecular weight compound having a carrier transport property contained in the film of the present invention is 5 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass in total of the high molecular compound and the low molecular compound. Since the field effect mobility of the organic thin film transistor produced using the film is more excellent, it is preferably 10 to 30 parts by mass.
- the membrane of the present invention The diffraction intensity A specified by the measuring method A using the thin film X-ray diffraction method is 3 to 50,
- the intensity ratio (A / B) between the diffraction intensity A specified by the measurement method A using the thin film X-ray diffraction method and the diffraction intensity B specified by the measurement method B using the thin film X-ray diffraction method is 30 or less. It is a film.
- the diffraction intensity A is preferably 3 to 30, and more preferably 3 to 10, because the field effect mobility of the organic thin film transistor produced using the film of the present invention is more excellent.
- the diffraction intensity A falls within these ranges, the low molecular weight compound having carrier transportability contained in the film of the present invention is distributed in the thickness direction of the film (specifically, on the substrate). When a film is formed, it tends to be distributed unevenly on the base material side or surface side of the film, which is preferable.
- the intensity ratio (A / B) between the diffraction intensity A and the diffraction intensity B is preferably 20 or less, more preferably 15 or less, because the field effect mobility of the organic thin film transistor produced using the film of the present invention is more excellent. It is more preferable that When the intensity ratio (A / B) falls within these ranges, the low molecular weight compound having a carrier transport property contained in the film of the present invention is distributed in the thickness direction of the film (specifically, In the case where a film is formed on the base material, it is preferable because it tends to be distributed to the base material side or the surface side of the film.
- Diffraction intensity A and diffraction intensity B can be measured by the known out-of-plane measurement method and in-plane measurement method using thin film X-ray diffraction method, respectively, and are measured under the following measurement conditions. It is preferable.
- Incident X-ray wavelength 1.54 mm
- Incident X-ray angle 0.17 ° to 0.19 °
- Incident X-ray beam size 1 mm diameter
- Sample length 2 mm
- Sample chamber atmosphere vacuum atmosphere of 50 Pascal or less, or inert gas atmosphere such as helium gas
- Measurement temperature room temperature
- Substrate silicon substrate, float glass or sapphire substrate
- Detector Imaging plate detector
- X-ray irradiation time 100 min (In-plane measurement method), 720 min (Out-of-plane measurement method)
- the diffraction intensity A and the diffraction intensity B are preferably corrected using a correction coefficient S described later.
- the correction coefficient S can be determined using, for example, SIGRADUR G (registered trademark) (Grassy carbon, thickness: 3 mm, manufactured by HochtemperaturWerckoffe). Specifically, using SIGRADUR G, measurement is performed by a known solid X-ray transmission method. The obtained two-dimensional X-ray diffraction image is integrated in the annular direction in the range of the scattering vector from 9 nm ⁇ 1 to 14 nm ⁇ 1 . By dividing the obtained integral value by 700, the correction coefficient S can be obtained.
- the baseline of the out-of-plane profile may be distorted due to the influence of substances contained in the atmosphere. In this case, it is preferable to remove the distortion of the baseline.
- a method using the least square method can be cited.
- the scattering vector has the maximum intensity within the range of 10 to 21 nm ⁇ 1.
- the diffraction intensity B can be obtained.
- the film of the present invention contains a high molecular compound and a low molecular compound having carrier transport properties. Since the field effect mobility of the organic thin film transistor manufactured using the film of the present invention is more excellent, the composition ratio Sr of the film surface described later is preferably 0.3 or more, more preferably 0.5 or more. Preferably, it is 0.6 or more. When the composition ratio Sr is within these ranges, the low molecular weight compound having carrier transport properties contained in the film of the present invention is more uniformly dispersed on the surface of the film, which is preferable.
- composition ratio Sr on the film surface can be measured by a known TOF-SIMS method, but it is preferably measured under the following measurement conditions.
- a film containing a high molecular compound and a low molecular compound having carrier transportability is measured by the TOF-SIMS method.
- secondary ions derived from the high molecular compound ( M 1) strength and (I 1) to calculate the strength of secondary ions derived from the low molecular weight compound (M 2) (I 2) having a carrier transporting property.
- the film containing only the polymer compound is measured by the TOF-SIMS method, and the intensity of the secondary ion (M 1 ) derived from the polymer compound is determined from the mass spectrum of the obtained film surface ( I 01 ) is calculated.
- the film containing only the low-molecular compound having carrier transportability is measured by TOF-SIMS method. From the mass spectrum of the obtained film surface, it is derived from the low-molecular compound having carrier transportability. The intensity (I 02 ) of the secondary ion (M 2 ) is calculated.
- composition ratio Sr on the film surface can be calculated by the following mathematical formula 1.
- Composition ratio Sr (I 2 / I 02 ) / ((I 1 / I 01 ) + (I 2 / I 02 ))
- the film of the present invention is preferably formed using an ink composition because the film can be easily formed.
- the ink composition contains a polymer compound, a compound having carrier transportability, and a solvent, and may further contain other additives.
- Suitable solvents are halogenated saturated hydrocarbon solvents such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chlorobutane, bromobutane, chloropentane, bromopentane, chlorohexane, bromohexane, chlorocyclohexane, bromocyclohexane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene
- halogenated unsaturated hydrocarbon solvents such as trichlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, dioxane, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, tetralin, decalin, bicyclohex
- the ink composition has a viscosity suitable for a coating method as described later.
- the viscosity of the ink composition can be widely adjusted by adjusting the composition ratio between the polymer compound and the compound having carrier transportability.
- the ink composition can adjust the viscosity regardless of the type and amount of the solvent, the degree of freedom in selecting the solvent is increased.
- the ink composition can be prepared with a high degree of freedom, for example, the surface free energy is large, and the contact angle to the coating liquid is usually too large (for example, 90 degrees or more), making it difficult to apply. It is possible to form a film on an appropriate substrate by performing appropriate preparation.
- the ink composition of the present embodiment it is possible to satisfactorily form an organic film that is substantially homogeneous and has high carrier transportability in the production of an organic semiconductor element.
- the film of the present invention is mainly composed of a polymer compound and a compound having a carrier transporting property, but may partially contain a solvent contained in the ink composition and other inevitable components.
- the thickness of the film of the present invention is preferably 1 nm to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 nm to 1000 nm, still more preferably 5 nm to 200 nm, and particularly preferably 5 nm to 50 nm.
- a film having such a thickness can form an organic semiconductor element having good carrier transportability and sufficient strength.
- the film of the present invention can be formed by applying the above-described ink composition onto a predetermined substrate.
- the ink composition coating method include spin coating, casting, push coating, micro gravure coating, gravure coating, bar coating, roll coating, wire bar coating, dip coating, and spray coating.
- Examples thereof include a coating method, a screen printing method, a flexographic printing method, an offset printing method, an ink jet printing method, a dispenser printing method, a micro contact printing method, a nozzle coating method, and a capillary coating method.
- the spin coating method, push coating method, gravure coating method, screen printing method, flexographic printing method, offset printing method, ink jet printing method, dispenser printing method, micro contact printing method, nozzle coating method or capillary coating method are preferable. .
- the viscosity of the ink composition suitable for the above coating method is, for example, preferably 0.01 to 1 Pa ⁇ s, more preferably 0.05 to 0.2 Pa ⁇ s in the gravure coating method, and more preferably 0.05 to 0.2 Pa ⁇ s.
- 0.1 to 100 Pa ⁇ s is preferable, 0.5 to 50 Pa ⁇ s is more preferable.
- 0.01 to 1 Pa ⁇ s is preferable, and 0.05 to 0.5 Pa ⁇ s is more preferable.
- 1 to 500 Pa ⁇ s is preferable, and 20 to 100 Pa ⁇ s is more preferable.
- the viscosity of the ink composition can be adjusted by appropriately setting the composition ratio between the polymer compound and the compound having carrier transport properties or by selecting the type of solvent.
- the film formation step as described above can also be performed as one step in the production of an organic semiconductor element.
- the substrate on which the film is formed becomes a structure formed in the manufacturing process of the organic semiconductor element.
- a step of imparting a predetermined orientation to the film thus formed may be further performed.
- the carrier transportability tends to be further improved.
- the alignment method for example, a method known as a liquid crystal alignment method can be used.
- a rubbing method, a photo-alignment method, a sharing method (shear stress application method), a pulling coating method and the like are easy to use because they are simple as the alignment method, and the rubbing method or the sharing method is particularly preferable.
- Organic semiconductor element Since the film of the present invention can exhibit high carrier (electron or hole) transportability, it transports electrons or holes injected from electrodes provided in these films, or charges generated by light absorption. Can do. Therefore, taking advantage of these characteristics, various organic thin film transistors, organic thin film solar cells, organic electroluminescence elements, organic field effect transistor sensors (hereinafter also referred to as “OFET sensors”), organic conductivity modulation sensors, and the like. It can be applied to organic semiconductor elements. Hereinafter, these organic semiconductor elements will be described individually.
- Organic thin film transistor As an organic thin film transistor using the film of the present invention, a source electrode and a drain electrode, an organic semiconductor layer (active layer) serving as a current path between these electrodes, a gate electrode for controlling the amount of current passing through the current path,
- the organic semiconductor layer is composed of the film of the present invention.
- organic thin film transistors include field effect organic thin film transistors and electrostatic induction organic thin film transistors.
- a field effect organic thin film transistor includes a source electrode and a drain electrode, an organic semiconductor layer (active layer) serving as a current path between them, a gate electrode for controlling an amount of current passing through the current path, and an organic semiconductor layer and a gate electrode It is preferable to provide an insulating layer disposed between the two.
- the source electrode and the drain electrode are preferably provided in contact with the organic semiconductor layer (active layer), and the gate electrode is preferably provided with an insulating layer in contact with the organic semiconductor layer interposed therebetween.
- the organic semiconductor layer is constituted by the film of the present invention.
- the electrostatic induction type organic thin film transistor has a source electrode and a drain electrode, an organic semiconductor layer (active layer) serving as a current path between them, and a gate electrode for controlling the amount of current passing through the current path. It is preferable to be provided in the organic semiconductor layer.
- the source electrode, the drain electrode, and the gate electrode provided in the organic semiconductor layer are preferably provided in contact with the organic semiconductor layer.
- the structure of the gate electrode may be a structure in which a current path flowing from the source electrode to the drain electrode is formed and the amount of current flowing through the current path can be controlled by a voltage applied to the gate electrode. An electrode is mentioned.
- the organic semiconductor layer is constituted by the film of the present invention.
- the organic semiconductor layer may partially contain the solvent used during production and other inevitable components. From the viewpoint of having good carrier transportability and from the viewpoint of easily forming a sufficiently strong organic film, it is preferably 1 nm to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 nm to 1000 nm, and further preferably 5 nm to 500 nm. Particularly preferred is 20 nm to 200 nm.
- a gate insulating film made of an inorganic insulator or an organic insulator can be used.
- the inorganic insulator include silicon oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, and titanium oxide.
- the organic insulator include polyethylene, polyester, polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide, organic glass, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl phenol, polyparaxylene, and polyacrylonitrile.
- an inorganic insulator and an organic insulator may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together.
- the thickness of the gate insulating layer is preferably 50 to 1000 nm.
- the gate electrode metal such as gold, platinum, silver, copper, chromium, palladium, aluminum, indium, molybdenum, low resistance polysilicon, low resistance amorphous silicon, tin oxide, indium oxide, indium / tin oxide (ITO ) Or the like can be used. These materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a highly doped silicon substrate may be used as the gate electrode.
- a highly doped silicon substrate has both a property as a gate electrode and a property as a substrate. Therefore, in the case of using a highly doped silicon substrate, the substrate in the following figure may be omitted in the organic thin film transistor in which the substrate and the gate electrode are in contact.
- the thickness of the gate electrode is preferably 0.02 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the source electrode and the drain electrode are preferably made of a low resistance material, and the thickness of each of the source electrode and the drain electrode is preferably 0.02 to 1000 ⁇ m.
- the substrate examples include a glass substrate, a flexible film substrate, and a plastic substrate.
- the thickness of the substrate is preferably 10 to 2000 ⁇ m.
- a layer made of a compound different from the organic semiconductor material contained in the organic semiconductor layer may be interposed between the source and drain electrodes and the organic semiconductor layer.
- the contact resistance between the source and drain electrodes and the organic semiconductor layer may be reduced, and the carrier mobility of the organic thin film transistor may be further increased.
- Examples of the layer containing a compound different from the film of the present invention, which is an organic semiconductor layer include, for example, a low molecular compound having electron or hole transportability; alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth metal, and organic compounds of these metals Complexes with: halogens such as iodine, bromine, chlorine, iodine chloride; sulfur oxide compounds such as sulfuric acid, sulfuric anhydride, sulfur dioxide, sulfates; nitric oxide compounds such as nitric acid, nitrogen dioxide, nitrates; perchloric acid, hypochlorous acid Examples thereof include halogenated compounds such as chloric acid; layers containing aromatic thiol compounds such as alkyl thiol compounds, aromatic thiols, and fluorinated alkyl aromatic thiols.
- halogens such as iodine, bromine, chlorine, iodine chloride
- sulfur oxide compounds such as sulfuric acid, sulfuric anhydride, sulfur dioxide
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic thin film transistor (field effect organic thin film transistor) according to a first embodiment.
- the organic thin film transistor 100 shown in FIG. 1 is formed on the substrate 1 so as to cover the substrate 1, the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 formed on the substrate 1 at a predetermined interval, and the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6.
- a gate electrode 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic thin film transistor (field effect organic thin film transistor) according to a first embodiment.
- the organic thin film transistor 100 shown in FIG. 1 is formed on the substrate 1 so as to cover the substrate 1, the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 formed on the substrate 1 at a predetermined interval, and the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6.
- Formed on the insulating layer 3 so as to cover the region
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic thin film transistor (field effect organic thin film transistor) according to a second embodiment.
- the organic thin film transistor 110 shown in FIG. 2 includes a substrate 1, a source electrode 5 formed on the substrate 1, an organic semiconductor layer 2 formed on the substrate 1 so as to cover the source electrode 5, The drain electrode 6 formed on the organic semiconductor layer 2 with a predetermined interval, the insulating layer 3 formed on the organic semiconductor layer 2 and the drain electrode 6, and the insulation between the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 And a gate electrode 4 formed on the insulating layer 3 so as to cover the region of the layer 3.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic thin film transistor (field effect organic thin film transistor) according to a third embodiment.
- 3 includes a substrate 1, a gate electrode 4 formed on the substrate 1, an insulating layer 3 formed on the substrate 1 so as to cover the gate electrode 4, and the gate electrode 4 at the bottom.
- the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 formed on the insulating layer 3 with a predetermined interval so as to partially cover the region of the insulating layer 3 formed on the substrate, and the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 are partially An organic semiconductor layer 2 formed on the insulating layer 3 so as to cover it.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic thin film transistor (field effect organic thin film transistor) according to a fourth embodiment.
- 4 includes a substrate 1, a gate electrode 4 formed on the substrate 1, an insulating layer 3 formed on the substrate 1 so as to cover the gate electrode 4, and the gate electrode 4 at the bottom.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic thin film transistor (static induction organic thin film transistor) according to a fifth embodiment.
- 5 includes a substrate 1, a source electrode 5 formed on the substrate 1, an organic semiconductor layer 2 formed on the source electrode 5, and a plurality of organic thin film transistors 140 with a predetermined interval on the organic semiconductor layer 2.
- a drain electrode 6 formed on the organic semiconductor layer 2a.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic thin film transistor (field effect type organic thin film transistor) according to a sixth embodiment.
- An organic thin film transistor 150 shown in FIG. 6 includes a substrate 1, an organic semiconductor layer 2 formed on the substrate 1, a source electrode 5 and a drain electrode 6 formed on the organic semiconductor layer 2 with a predetermined interval, and a source electrode. 5 and the drain electrode 6 so as to partially cover the insulating layer 3 formed on the organic semiconductor layer 2, the region of the insulating layer 3 where the source electrode 5 is formed below, and the drain electrode 6 are formed below. And a gate electrode 4 formed on the insulating layer 3 so as to partially cover the region of the insulating layer 3.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic thin film transistor (field effect organic thin film transistor) according to a seventh embodiment.
- An organic thin film transistor 160 shown in FIG. 7 includes a substrate 1, a gate electrode 4 formed on the substrate 1, an insulating layer 3 formed on the substrate 1 so as to cover the gate electrode 4, and the gate electrode 4 at the bottom.
- the organic semiconductor layer 2 formed so as to cover the region of the insulating layer 3 formed on the organic semiconductor layer 2 and the organic semiconductor layer 2 so as to partially cover the region of the organic semiconductor layer 2 on which the gate electrode 4 is formed below.
- the drain formed on the organic semiconductor layer 2 with a predetermined distance from the source electrode 5 so as to partially cover the region of the organic semiconductor layer 2 on which the source electrode 5 and the gate electrode 4 are formed below.
- the electrode 6 is provided.
- the organic semiconductor layer 2 and / or the organic semiconductor layer 2a are formed of the film of the present invention, and a current path (channel) between the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 become.
- the gate electrode 4 controls the amount of current passing through the current path (channel) in the organic semiconductor layer 2 and / or the organic semiconductor layer 2a by applying a voltage.
- the substrate 1 is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the characteristics as an organic thin film transistor, but a glass substrate, a flexible film substrate, or a plastic substrate can also be used.
- the gate electrode 4 is formed on the substrate 1 by vapor deposition, sputtering, plating, CVD, or the like. Note that an n-type silicon substrate doped with a high concentration may be used as the gate electrode 4.
- the insulating layer 3 is formed on the gate electrode 4 by CVD, plasma CVD, plasma polymerization, thermal evaporation, thermal oxidation, anodic oxidation, cluster ion beam evaporation, LB method, spin coating method, casting. , Micro gravure coating method, gravure coating method, bar coating method, roll coating method, wire bar coating method, dip coating method, spray coating method, screen printing method, flexographic printing method, offset printing method, inkjet printing method, etc. To do. When a highly doped n-type silicon substrate is used as the gate electrode 4, a silicon oxide film can be formed by thermally oxidizing the surface, and the silicon oxide film is insulated. It may be used as the layer 3.
- the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 are formed on the insulating layer 3 by vapor deposition, sputtering, plating, CVD, or the like.
- a layer for promoting charge injection may be provided between the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 and the organic semiconductor layer 2 thereafter.
- the organic thin film transistor of the present invention uses an ink composition, spin coating method, casting method, push coating method, micro gravure coating method, gravure coating method, bar coating method, roll coating method, wire bar coating method, dip coating method. , Spray coating method, screen printing method, flexographic printing method, offset printing method, ink jet printing method, microcontact printing method, gravure / offset printing method and the like.
- the organic thin film transistor After producing the organic thin film transistor, it is preferable to form a protective film on the organic thin film transistor in order to protect the element.
- this protective film With this protective film, the organic thin film transistor is shielded from the atmosphere, and deterioration of the characteristics of the organic thin film transistor can be suppressed. Moreover, the influence at the time of forming the display device driven on an organic thin-film transistor with a protective film can be reduced.
- Examples of the method for forming the protective film include a method of covering with a UV curable resin, a thermosetting resin, an inorganic SiONx film, or the like.
- a UV curable resin for example, a UV curable resin, a thermosetting resin, an inorganic SiONx film, or the like.
- the organic thin film transistor of the present invention can be suitably used for organic electroluminescence elements, electronic tags, and liquid crystal display elements.
- the composition or polymer compound of the present invention can also be used for the production of OFET sensors.
- the OFET sensor of the present invention uses an organic field effect transistor as a signal conversion element that outputs an input signal to an electric signal, and has a sensitive function in the structure of any of a metal, an insulating film, and an organic semiconductor layer. Or a selectivity function is added.
- Examples of the OFET sensor of the present invention include a biosensor, a gas sensor, an ion sensor, and a humidity sensor.
- the biosensor includes a substrate and an organic thin film transistor provided on the substrate.
- the organic thin film transistor includes an organic semiconductor layer, a source region and a drain region provided in contact with the organic semiconductor, a channel region in the organic semiconductor layer provided between the source region and the drain region, and an electric field in the channel region. And a gate insulating film provided between the channel region and the gate electrode.
- the organic thin film transistor has a probe (sensitive region) that specifically interacts with the target substance in the channel region and / or the gate insulating film, and the characteristics of the probe change when the concentration of the target substance changes. Therefore, it functions as a biosensor.
- Examples of a method for detecting a target substance in a test sample include biosensors in which biomolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins, or artificially synthesized functional groups are immobilized on the surface of a solid support as probes.
- This method uses specific affinity of biomolecules such as complementary nucleic acid chain interaction, antigen-antibody reaction interaction, enzyme-substrate reaction interaction, receptor-ligand interaction, and so on.
- the substance is captured on the surface of the solid support. Therefore, a substance having specific affinity for the target substance is selected as a probe.
- the probe is fixed on the surface of the solid support by a method corresponding to the type of probe and the type of solid support.
- the probe can be synthesized on the surface of the solid phase carrier (for example, a method of synthesizing the probe by nucleic acid extension reaction).
- the probe-target substance complex is formed on the surface of the solid phase carrier by bringing the surface of the solid phase carrier on which the probe is immobilized into contact with the test sample and culturing under an appropriate condition.
- the channel region of the organic thin film transistor and / or the gate insulating film itself may function as a probe.
- the gas sensor includes a substrate and an organic thin film transistor provided on the substrate.
- An organic thin film transistor includes an organic semiconductor layer, a source region and a drain region provided in contact with the organic semiconductor, a channel region in the semiconductor layer provided between the source region and the drain region, and an electric field applied to the channel region. It has an applicable gate electrode, and a gate insulating film provided between the channel region and the gate electrode.
- the channel region and / or the gate insulating film functions as a gas sensitive part.
- the detection gas is adsorbed and desorbed from the gas sensitive part, the gas sensitive part changes in characteristics (conductivity, dielectric constant, etc.), thereby functioning as a gas sensor.
- Examples of the gas to be detected include an electron accepting gas and an electron donating gas.
- Examples of the electron-accepting gas include halogen gases such as F 2 and Cl 2 ; nitrogen oxide gases; sulfur oxide gases; organic acid gases such as acetic acid.
- Examples of the electron donating gas include ammonia gas; amine gases such as aniline; carbon monoxide gas; hydrogen gas.
- the composition or polymer compound of the present invention can also be used for production of a pressure sensor.
- the pressure sensor of the present invention includes a substrate and an organic thin film transistor provided on the substrate.
- the organic thin film transistor includes an organic semiconductor layer, a source region and a drain region provided in contact with the organic semiconductor, a channel region in the organic semiconductor layer provided between the source region and the drain region, and an electric field in the channel region. And a gate insulating film provided between the channel region and the gate electrode.
- the channel region and / or the gate insulating film functions as a pressure sensitive part. When the pressure sensitive part senses pressure, a change in characteristics of the pressure sensitive part occurs to function as a pressure sensitive sensor.
- the gate insulating film functions as a pressure-sensitive portion
- the organic material is excellent in flexibility and stretchability with respect to the inorganic material. Therefore, the gate insulating film preferably contains an organic material.
- the organic thin film transistor may further include an alignment layer in order to further increase the crystallinity of the organic semiconductor contained in the channel region. Examples of the alignment layer include a monomolecular film formed on the gate insulating film using a silane coupling agent such as hexamethyldisilazane.
- composition or polymer compound of the present invention can also be used for production of a conductivity modulation type sensor.
- the conductivity modulation type sensor of the present invention uses a conductivity measuring element as a signal conversion element that outputs an input signal to an electric signal, and is a film containing the composition or polymer compound of the present invention, or the present invention.
- the membrane coating containing the composition of the invention or the polymer compound is provided with a sensitivity function or a selectivity function for the input of the sensor object.
- the conductivity modulation type sensor of the present invention detects an input of a sensor object as a change in conductivity of the composition or polymer compound of the present invention. Examples of the conductivity modulation type sensor of the present invention include a biosensor, a gas sensor, an ion sensor, and a humidity sensor.
- composition or polymer compound of the present invention is an organic electric field as an amplification circuit for amplifying output signals from various sensors such as biosensors, gas sensors, ion sensors, humidity sensors, and pressure sensors formed separately. It can also be used to manufacture an amplifier circuit including an effect transistor.
- composition or polymer compound of the present invention can also be used for the production of a sensor array including a plurality of various sensors such as a biosensor, a gas sensor, an ion sensor, a humidity sensor, and a pressure sensor.
- composition or polymer compound of the present invention includes a plurality of various sensors such as biosensors, gas sensors, ion sensors, humidity sensors, and pressure sensors formed separately, and amplifies output signals from each sensor individually.
- sensors such as biosensors, gas sensors, ion sensors, humidity sensors, and pressure sensors formed separately, and amplifies output signals from each sensor individually.
- an amplifier circuit for this purpose, it can also be used for manufacturing a sensor array with an amplifier circuit including an organic field effect transistor.
- NMR analysis The NMR measurement was performed by dissolving the compound in deuterated chloroform and using an NMR apparatus (Varian, INOVA300).
- the number average molecular weight and the weight average molecular weight of the polymer compound were determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC, manufactured by Waters, trade name: Alliance GPC 2000).
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- the polymer compound to be measured was dissolved in orthodichlorobenzene and injected into GPC.
- Orthodichlorobenzene was used for the mobile phase of GPC.
- the column used was TSKgel GMHHR-H (S) HT (two linked, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation).
- a UV detector was used as the detector.
- TOF-SIMS method Measurement of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS method)
- the TOF-SIMS method was measured using TOF-SIMSV manufactured by ION-TOF under the following conditions.
- Charge correction Uses a low acceleration electron gun
- the reaction vessel was filled with a nitrogen gas atmosphere, and then Compound 1 (32 g, 0.20 mol) and dehydrated diethyl ether (470 mL) were added to obtain a uniform solution. While maintaining the obtained solution at ⁇ 68 ° C., a 1.60 M n-butyllithium hexane solution (135 mL, 0.22 mol) was added dropwise over 30 minutes. Thereafter, the mixture was stirred at ⁇ 68 ° C. for 2 hours. Thereafter, 18-pentriacontanone (69.7 g, 0.14 mol) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at -78 ° C for 10 minutes, and then stirred at room temperature (25 ° C) for 5 hours.
- the reaction vessel was filled with a nitrogen gas atmosphere, and then compound 6 (7.68 g, 5.78 mmol) and dry methylene chloride (190 mL) were added. Thereafter, a 1M boron tribromide methylene chloride solution (23.1 mL, 23.1 mmol) was added thereto at ⁇ 78 ° C., and then the mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. Thereafter, water was added thereto, and the reaction product was extracted with chloroform. The obtained organic layer was washed with water, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and filtered. The obtained filtrate was concentrated with an evaporator, and then the solvent was distilled off. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using hexane as a moving layer, to obtain 4.78 g of Compound 7. The yield was 67%.
- the reaction vessel was filled with a nitrogen gas atmosphere, and then compound 7 (4.77 g, 3.78 mmol) and dry THF (375 mL) were added. Thereafter, N-bromosuccinimide (1.47 g, 8.26 mmol) was added thereto at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. Thereafter, a saturated aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution (10 mL) and water (20 mL) were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 5 minutes. Thereafter, the reaction product was extracted using hexane. The obtained organic layer was washed with water, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and filtered.
- the obtained filtrate was concentrated with an evaporator, and then the solvent was distilled off.
- the obtained residue was purified using silica gel column chromatography using hexane as a moving bed, and recrystallized using hexane to obtain 4.06 g of Compound 8. The yield was 76%.
- reaction vessel was filled with a nitrogen gas atmosphere, then compound 9 (0.300 g, 0.227 mmol), compound 10 synthesized according to the method described in “J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132, 11437-11439”. (0.0881 g, 0.227 mmol), tetrahydrofuran (30 mL), tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (4.2 mg) and tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate (5.3 mg) were added and stirred. Then, 2 mol / L potassium carbonate aqueous solution (1.13 mL) was added there, and after heating up to 80 degreeC, it stirred at 80 degreeC for 5 hours.
- the reaction vessel was filled with a nitrogen gas atmosphere, and then Compound 11 (53 g, 98 mmol) and dehydrated ethanol (500 mL) were added to form a suspension.
- 96 wt% concentrated sulfuric acid (3.0 mL, 56 mmol) was added to the obtained suspension, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. Thereafter, water (200 mL) was added thereto to stop the reaction, and the reaction product was extracted using hexane.
- the obtained organic layer was washed with water, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and filtered.
- the obtained filtrate was concentrated with an evaporator, and then the solvent was distilled off.
- the obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using hexane as a moving bed, to obtain 20.7 g of Compound 12. The yield was 37%.
- the reaction vessel was filled with a nitrogen gas atmosphere, and then compound 16 (4.73 g, 3.61 mmol) and dry methylene chloride (120 mL) were added. Thereafter, a 1M boron tribromide methylene chloride solution (14.4 mL, 14.4 mmol) was added thereto at ⁇ 50 ° C., and the mixture was stirred at ⁇ 50 ° C. for 4 hours. Thereafter, water was added thereto at ⁇ 50 ° C., the temperature was raised to room temperature, and the reaction product was extracted using chloroform. The obtained organic layer was washed with water, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and filtered. The obtained filtrate was concentrated with an evaporator, and then the solvent was distilled off. The obtained residue was purified using silica gel column chromatography using hexane as a moving bed, whereby 2.33 g of Compound 17 was obtained. The yield was 53%.
- the reaction vessel was filled with a nitrogen gas atmosphere, and then compound 17 (2.66 g, 2.18 mmol) and dry THF (220 mL) were added. Thereafter, N-bromosuccinimide (0.855 g, 4.80 mmol) was added thereto at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. Thereafter, a saturated aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution (2 mL) and water (100 mL) were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 5 minutes, and then the reaction product was extracted using hexane. The obtained organic layer was washed with water, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and filtered.
- the obtained filtrate was concentrated with an evaporator, and then the solvent was distilled off.
- the obtained residue was purified using silica gel column chromatography using hexane as a moving bed, and recrystallized using a mixed solvent of hexane and methanol to obtain 0.67 g of Compound 18. The yield was 22%.
- the reaction vessel equipped with a reflux tube was filled with a nitrogen gas atmosphere, then compound 18 (137.6 mg, 0.1 mmol) and dry THF (3.5 mL) were added, and the mixture was degassed by argon gas bubbling for 30 minutes. Thereafter, there, there, tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (0) (4.58 mg, 5 ⁇ mol), tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate (5.80 mg, 20 ⁇ mol), and argon gas bubbling for 30 minutes Degassed 3M aqueous potassium phosphate solution (0.5 mL, 1.5 mmol) was added.
- reaction solution was heated to 80 ° C., and a dry THF solution (2.5 mL) of compound 19 (38.8 mg, 1 mmol) degassed by argon gas bubbling for 30 minutes was added dropwise, Stir for hours. Thereafter, an o-chlorobenzene solution (8 mL) of phenylboric acid (10 mg, 0.082 mmol) deaerated by argon gas bubbling for 30 minutes was added thereto, followed by stirring at 80 ° C. for 1.5 hours. Thereafter, sodium N, N-diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate (0.8 g) and water (7.5 g) were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. for 3 hours.
- the organic layer was separated from the obtained reaction solution, and the obtained organic layer was washed with water and a 10% by weight aqueous acetic acid solution.
- the obtained organic layer was added dropwise to acetone (104 mL) to obtain a precipitate.
- the obtained precipitate was purified by a silica gel column using o-dichlorobenzene as a developing solvent, and the obtained o-dichlorobenzene solution was poured into methanol to obtain a solid.
- the obtained solid was filtered, washed with Soxhlet using acetone as a solvent, and dried to obtain 34.0 mg of polymer compound C.
- the number average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene was 2.2 ⁇ 10 4 , and the weight average molecular weight was 4.7 ⁇ 10 5 .
- the high molecular compound D was synthesize
- Polymer compound E was synthesized according to the method described in JP2012-39103A.
- the low molecular weight compound a was synthesized according to the method described in “J. Mater. Chem., 2012, 22, 7715”.
- the resulting reaction solution was cooled to ⁇ 78 ° C., and 2-isopropyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (24.2 g, 130 mmol) was then added dropwise thereto. For 3 hours. Then, it heated up to room temperature and stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. Saturated saline was added to the resulting reaction solution, and the organic layer and the aqueous layer were separated. The obtained organic layer was washed with water, dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated to give 1-n-pentyloxy-4- (4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- 32.8 g of dioxaborolan-2-yl) benzene was obtained. The yield was 100%.
- the obtained crude product was fractionated using a silica gel column and preparative gel permeation chromatography to obtain 2,5-bis (4-n-heptylphenyl) -3,4-dimethylsulfanylthiophene in 20 parts. 0.2 g was obtained. The yield was 100%.
- the low molecular compound c was synthesized according to the method described in “Organic Letters, 4 (1), 15-18”.
- the low-molecular compound e was synthesized according to the method described in “J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129, 15732-15733”.
- An organic thin film transistor having the structure shown in FIG. 1 was prepared using a solution containing the high molecular compound B and the low molecular compound a.
- the glass substrate (substrate 1) was ultrasonically cleaned with acetone for 10 minutes and then irradiated with ozone UV for 20 minutes.
- gold to be the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 was formed on the substrate 1 by vapor deposition using a shadow mask. At this time, the channel length of the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 was 20 ⁇ m, and the channel width was 2 mm.
- the substrate surface was subjected to silane treatment by immersing the substrate in a toluene solution of phenylethyltrichlorosilane for 2 minutes. Thereafter, the surface of the gold electrode formed on the substrate was modified by immersing the substrate in an isopropyl alcohol solution of perfluorobenzenethiol for 2 minutes.
- a membrane filter was coated with a membrane filter to prepare a coating solution.
- a film having a thickness of 20 nm is formed on the surface-treated substrate 1, source electrode 5, and drain electrode 6 by a spin coating method in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
- the organic semiconductor layer 2 was formed by heating on a hot plate at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- an insulating film made of Teflon (registered trademark) is formed on the organic semiconductor layer 2 to a thickness of 445 nm by a spin coating method, and heated on a hot plate at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- An insulating layer 3 was formed.
- the organic thin-film transistor 1 was produced by forming the aluminum used as the gate electrode 4 by the vapor deposition method using a shadow mask.
- the transistor characteristics were measured under the condition that the source-drain voltage Vsd of the obtained organic thin film transistor 1 was set to ⁇ 40 V and the gate voltage Vg was changed to 40 to ⁇ 40 V.
- the field effect mobility of the organic thin film transistor 1 was 1.05 cm 2 / Vs.
- the silicon substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with acetone for 10 minutes and then irradiated with ozone UV for 20 minutes.
- a film 1 was formed by heating at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes on a hot plate in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
- a coating solution was prepared by adjusting a xylene solution (0.6 wt) containing polymer compound B and filtering with a membrane filter.
- the coating solution is formed on the surface-treated silicon substrate by spin coating so as to have a thickness of 20 nm, and heated at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes on a hot plate in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. B was formed.
- a coating solution was prepared by adjusting a xylene solution (0.6 wt) containing compound a and filtering with a membrane filter.
- the coating solution is formed on the surface-treated silicon substrate by spin coating so as to have a thickness of 20 nm, and heated at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes on a hot plate in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. a was formed.
- the transistor characteristics were measured under the condition that the source-drain voltage Vsd of the obtained organic thin film transistor 3 was set to -40V and the gate voltage Vg was changed to 40 to -40V.
- the field effect mobility of the organic thin film transistor 3 was 1.69 cm 2 / Vs.
- the transistor characteristics were measured under the condition that the source-drain voltage Vsd of the obtained organic thin film transistor 4 was set to -40V and the gate voltage Vg was changed to 40 to -40V.
- the field effect mobility of the organic thin film transistor 4 was 1.41 cm 2 / Vs.
- the low molecular compound f was synthesized according to the method described in “J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129, 15732-15733”.
- the transistor characteristics were measured under the condition that the source-drain voltage Vsd of the obtained organic thin film transistor 12 was set to ⁇ 40V and the gate voltage Vg was changed to 40 to ⁇ 40V.
- the field effect mobility of the organic thin film transistor 12 was 3.57 cm 2 / Vs.
- the transistor characteristics were measured under the condition that the source-drain voltage Vsd of the obtained organic thin film transistor 5 was set to -40V and the gate voltage Vg was changed from 40 to -40V.
- the field effect mobility of the organic thin film transistor 5 was 0.01 cm 2 / Vs.
- the transistor characteristics were measured under the condition that the source-drain voltage Vsd of the obtained organic thin film transistor 6 was set to -40V and the gate voltage Vg was changed from 40 to -40V.
- the field effect mobility of the organic thin film transistor 6 was 0.02 cm 2 / Vs.
- the transistor characteristics were measured under the condition that the source-drain voltage Vsd of the obtained organic thin film transistor 7 was set to -40V and the gate voltage Vg was changed to 40 to -40V.
- the field effect mobility of the organic thin film transistor 7 was 0.77 cm 2 / Vs.
- the transistor characteristics were measured under the condition that the source-drain voltage Vsd of the obtained organic thin film transistor 8 was set to -40V and the gate voltage Vg was changed to 40 to -40V.
- the field effect mobility of the organic thin film transistor 8 was 0.49 cm 2 / Vs.
- the transistor characteristics were measured under the condition that the source-drain voltage Vsd of the obtained organic thin film transistor 9 was set to -40V and the gate voltage Vg was changed to 40 to -40V.
- the field effect mobility of the organic thin film transistor 9 was 0.37 cm 2 / Vs.
- the transistor characteristics were measured under the condition that the source-drain voltage Vsd of the obtained organic thin film transistor 10 was set to -40V and the gate voltage Vg was changed to 40 to -40V.
- the field effect mobility of the organic thin film transistor 10 was 0.47 cm 2 / Vs.
- the transistor characteristics were measured under the condition that the source-drain voltage Vsd of the obtained organic thin film transistor 11 was set to -40V and the gate voltage Vg was changed from 40 to -40V.
- the field effect mobility of the organic thin film transistor 11 was 0.48 cm 2 / Vs.
- membrane useful for manufacture of the organic thin-film transistor excellent in a field effect mobility can be provided.
- membrane for the active layer can be provided.
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Abstract
Description
(測定方法A)
薄膜X線回折法を用いたOut-of-plane測定法により得られたプロファイルにおいて、散乱ベクトルが1nm-1~5nm-1の範囲内で最大の回折強度を、回折強度Aとする。
(測定方法B)
薄膜X線回折法を用いたIn-plane測定法により得られたプロファイルにおいて、散乱ベクトルが10nm-1~21nm-1の範囲内で最大の回折強度を、回折強度Bとする。
[2]前記回折強度Aが、3~30である、[1]に記載の膜。
[3]前記回折強度Aと、前記回折強度Bとの強度比(A/B)が、20以下である、[1]または[2]に記載の膜。
[4]前記低分子化合物が、式(1)で表される低分子化合物である、[1]~[3]のいずれか一項に記載の膜。
nは、1以上の整数を表す。
環Aおよび環Cは、それぞれ独立に、ベンゼン環、5員の複素環または6員の複素環を表し、これらの環は置換基を有していてもよい。
環Bは、ベンゼン環、シクロペンタジエン環、5員の複素環または6員の複素環を表し、これらの環は置換基を有していてもよい。環Bが複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
但し、環Aと環Bとは互いに縮合して縮合環を形成し、環Bと環Cとは互いに縮合して縮合環を形成し、環Bが複数存在する場合、隣り合う環B同士は互いに縮合して縮合環を形成している。〕
[5]前記式(1)で表される化合物が、式(1-1)で表される化合物、式(1-2)で表される化合物、式(1-3)で表される化合物、式(1-4)で表される化合物、式(1-5)で表される化合物、式(1-6)で表される化合物、式(1-7)で表される化合物、式(1-8)で表される化合物、式(1-9)で表される化合物、式(1-10)で表される化合物、式(1-11)で表される化合物、式(1-12)で表される化合物、式(1-13)で表される化合物または式(1-14)で表される化合物である、[4]に記載の組成物。
Z11は、式(Z-1)で表される基、式(Z-2)で表される基、式(Z-3)で表される基、式(Z-4)で表される基または式(Z-5)で表される基を表す。複数存在するZ11は、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。
X11、X12、X13およびX14は、それぞれ独立に、酸素原子、硫黄原子またはセレン原子を表す。複数存在するX11、X13およびX14は、それぞれ、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。X12が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
Y11およびY12は、それぞれ独立に、窒素原子または-CR2=で表される基を表す。R2は、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基またはハロゲン原子を表す。これらの基のうちアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基および1価の複素環基はそれぞれ置換基を有していてもよい。複数存在するY11およびY12は、それぞれ、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。
R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19、R20、R21、R22、R23およびR24は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、アルキニル基、1価の複素環基またはハロゲン原子を表す。これらの基のうちアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、アルキニル基および1価の複素環基はそれぞれ置換基を有していてもよい。複数存在するR11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19、R20、R21、R22、R23およびR24は、それぞれ、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。〕
[6]前記高分子化合物が、式(2)で表される構造単位を含む高分子化合物である、[1]~[5]のいずれか一項に記載の膜。
環Dおよび環Eは、それぞれ独立に、複素環を表し、この複素環は置換基を有していてもよい。
環Fは、芳香族炭化水素環または複素環を表し、これらの環は置換基を有していてもよい。
Z1は、式(Z-1’)で表される基、式(Z-2’)で表される基、式(Z-3’)で表される基、式(Z-4’)で表される基または式(Z-5’)で表される基を表す。複数存在するZ1は、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。〕
[7]前記式(2)で表される構造単位が、式(2-1)で表される構造単位、式(2-2)で表される構造単位または式(2-3)で表される構造単位である、[6]に記載の膜。
環FおよびZ1は、前記と同じ意味を表す。
X1およびX2は、それぞれ独立に、酸素原子、硫黄原子またはセレン原子を表す。複数存在するX1は、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。X2が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
Y1は、窒素原子または-CR2’=で表される基を表す。R2’は、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基またはハロゲン原子を表す。複数存在するY1は、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。〕
[8]第1の電極と第2の電極とを有し、該第1の電極と該第2の電極との間に活性層を有し、該活性層が[1]~[7]のいずれか一項に記載の膜である、有機半導体素子。
[9]有機薄膜トランジスタ、有機薄膜太陽電池、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、有機電界効果型トランジスタセンサおよび有機電導度変調型センサのいずれかである、[8]に記載の有機半導体素子。
[10]有機薄膜トランジスタである、[9]に記載の有機半導体素子。
本発明の膜は、高分子化合物と、キャリア輸送性を有する低分子化合物とを含有する膜であって、低分子化合物の含有量が、高分子化合物と低分子化合物との合計100質量部に対して、5~40質量部であり、測定方法Aにより特定される回折強度Aが3~50であり、測定方法Aにより特定される回折強度Aと、測定方法Bにより特定される回折強度Bとの強度比(A/B)が30以下である膜である。
本発明の膜に含有されるキャリア輸送性を有する低分子化合物としては、例えば、多環芳香族化合物が挙げられる。
アルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、n-ブチル基、n-ヘキシル基、n-オクチル基、n-ドデシル基、n-ヘキサデシル基等の直鎖アルキル基、イソプロピル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、2-エチルヘキシル基、3,7-ジメチルオクチル基等の分岐アルキル基が挙げられる。シクロアルキル基としては、例えば、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基が挙げられる。
アルキル基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基、ハロゲン原子が挙げられる。シクロアルキル基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基、ハロゲン原子が挙げられる。置換基を有しているアルキル基としては、例えば、メトキシエチル基、ベンジル基、トリフルオロメチル基、パーフルオロヘキシル基が挙げられる。
アルコキシ基としては、例えば、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、n-プロピルオキシ基、n-ブチルオキシ基、n-ヘキシルオキシ基、n-オクチルオキシ基、n-ドデシルオキシ基、n-ヘキサデシルオキシ基等の直鎖アルコキシ基、イソプロピルオキシ基、イソブチルオキシ基、sec-ブチルオキシ基、tert-ブチルオキシ基、2-エチルヘキシルオキシ基、3,7-ジメチルオクチルオキシ基等の分岐アルコキシ基が挙げられる。シクロアルコキシ基としては、例えば、シクロペンチルオキシ基、シクロヘキシルオキシ基が挙げられる。
アルコキシ基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基、ハロゲン原子が挙げられる。シクロアルコキシ基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基、ハロゲン原子が挙げられる。
アルキルチオ基としては、例えば、メチルチオ基、エチルチオ基、n-プロピルチオ基、n-ブチルチオ基、n-ヘキシルチオ基、n-オクチルチオ基、n-ドデシルチオ基、n-ヘキサデシルチオ基等の直鎖アルキルチオ基、イソプロピルチオ基、イソブチルチオ基、sec-ブチルチオ基、tert-ブチルチオ基、2-エチルヘキシルチオ基、3,7-ジメチルオクチルチオ基等の分岐アルキルチオ基が挙げられる。シクロアルキルチオ基としては、例えば、シクロペンチルチオ基、シクロヘキシルチオ基が挙げられる。
アルキルチオ基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基、ハロゲン原子が挙げられる。シクロアルキルチオ基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アリール基、ハロゲン原子が挙げられる。
アリール基としては、例えば、フェニル基、1-ナフチル基、2-ナフチル基、1-アントラセニル基、2-アントラセニル基、9-アントラセニル基、1-ピレニル基、2-ピレニル基、4-ピレニル基、2-フルオレニル基、3-フルオレニル基、4-フルオレニル基、4-フェニルフェニル基が挙げられる。
アリール基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子が挙げられる。置換基を有しているアリール基としては、例えば、4-ヘキサデシルフェニル基、3,5-ジメトキシフェニル基、ペンタフルオロフェニル基が挙げられる。アリール基が置換基を有する場合、置換基としてはアルキル基またはシクロアルキル基が好ましい。
1価の複素環基としては、例えば、2-フリル基、3-フリル基、2-チエニル基、3-チエニル基、2-ピロリル基、3-ピロリル基、2-オキサゾリル基、2-チアゾリル基、2-イミダゾリル基、2-ピリジル基、3-ピリジル基、4-ピリジル基、2-ベンゾフリル基、2-ベンゾチエニル基、2-チエノチエニル基、4-(2,1,3-ベンゾチアジアゾリル)基が挙げられる。
1価の複素環基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、ハロゲン原子が挙げられる。置換基を有している1価の複素環基としては、例えば、5-オクチル-2-チエニル基、5-フェニル-2-フリル基が挙げられる。1価の複素環基が置換基を有する場合、置換基としてはアルキル基またはシクロアルキル基が好ましい。
アルケニル基としては、例えば、ビニル基、1-プロペニル基、2-プロペニル基、1-ヘキセニル基、1-ドデセニル基、1-ヘキサデセニル基、1-シクロヘキセニル基が挙げられる。
アルケニル基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、アリール基、ハロゲン原子、シリル基が挙げられる。シクロアルケニル基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、アリール基、ハロゲン原子、シリル基が挙げられる。
アルキニル基としては、例えば、エチニル基、1-プロピニル基、1-ヘキシニル基、1-ドデシニル基、1-ヘキサデシニル基が挙げられる。
アルキニル基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、アリール基、ハロゲン原子、シリル基が挙げられる。シクロアルキニル基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、アリール基、ハロゲン原子、シリル基が挙げられる。
シリル基は、置換基を有していてもよい。シリル基が有していてもよい置換基としては、例えば、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基が挙げられる。置換基を有しているシリル基としては、例えば、トリメチルシリル基、トリエチルシリル基、トリイソプロピルシリル基、tert-ブチルジメチルシリル基、フェニルシリル基、トリフェニルシリル基等の炭素数3~18のシリル基が挙げられる。
アルキルカルボニル基としては、例えば、アセチル基、n-プロパノイル基、n-ブタイル基、n-ヘキサノイル基、n-オクタノイル基、n-ドデカノイル基、n-ヘキサデカノイル基等の直鎖アルキルカルボニル基、イソブタノイル基、sec-ブタノイル基、tert-ブタノイル基、2-エチルヘキサノイル基等の分岐アルキルカルボニル基が挙げられる。シクロアルキルカルボニル基としては、例えば、シクロペンチルカルボニル基、シクロヘキシルカルボニル基が挙げられる。
アルコキシカルボニル基としては、例えば、メトキシカルボニル基、エトキシカルボニル基、n-プロピルオキシカルボニル基、n-ブトキシカルボニル基、n-ヘキシルオキシカルボニル基、n-オクチルオキシカルボニル基、n-ドデシルオキシカルボニル基、n-ヘキサデシルオキシカルボニル基等の直鎖アルコキシカルボニル基、イソプロピルオキシカルボニル基、イソブチルオキシカルボニル基、sec-ブチルオキシカルボニル基、tert-ブチルオキシカルボニル基、2-エチルヘキシルオキシカルボニル基等の分岐アルコキシカルボニル基が挙げられる。シクロアルコキシカルボニル基としては、例えば、シクロペンチルオキシカルボニル基、シクロヘキシルオキシカルボニル基が挙げられる。
アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基の定義および具体例は、上記の多環芳香族化合物が有してもよい置換基であるアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基の定義および具体例と同様である。
アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基の定義および具体例は、上記の多環芳香族化合物が有していてもよい置換基であるアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基の定義および具体例と同様である。
アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、アルキニル基、1価の複素環基の定義および具体例は、上記の多環芳香族化合物が有していてもよい置換基であるアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、アルキニル基、1価の複素環基の定義および具体例と同様である。
本発明の膜に含有される高分子化合物としては、例えば、ポリ(N-ビニルカルバゾール)、ポリアニリンおよびその誘導体、ポリチオフェンおよびその誘導体、ポリ(p-フェニレンビニレン)およびその誘導体、ポリ(2,5-チエニレンビニレン)およびその誘導体、ポリカーボネート、ポリアクリレート、ポリメチルアクリレート、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリシロキサン、ポリスチレンおよびその誘導体、ポリメチルメタクリレートおよびその誘導体、π共役構造を有する高分子化合物が挙げられる。これらの中でも、高分子化合物は、本発明の膜を用いて製造される有機薄膜トランジスタの電界効果移動度がより優れるので、π共役構造を有する高分子化合物であること好ましい。
複素環としては、例えば、フラン環、チオフェン環、セレノフェン環、ピロール環、オキサゾール環、チアゾール環、イミダゾール環、ピリジン環、ベンゾフラン環、ベンゾチオフェン環、チエノチオフェン環、2,1,3-ベンゾチアジアゾール環が挙げられる。
複素環が有していてもよい置換基としては、例えば、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子、シリル基、アミノ基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、シクロアルキニル基、ヒドロキシル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、カルボキシル基、アルキルカルボニル基、シクロアルキルカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、シクロアルコキシカルボニル基が挙げられる。アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子、シリル基、アミノ基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、シクロアルキニル基、ヒドロキシル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、カルボキシル基、アルキルカルボニル基、シクロアルキルカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、シクロアルコキシカルボニル基の定義および具体例は、上記の多環芳香族化合物が有していてもよい置換基であるアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子、シリル基、アミノ基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、シクロアルキニル基、ヒドロキシル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、カルボキシル基、アルキルカルボニル基、シクロアルキルカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、シクロアルコキシカルボニル基の定義および具体例と同様である。
芳香族炭化水素環としては、例えば、ベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、アントラセン環、ピレン環、フルオレン環が挙げられる。
複素環としては、例えば、フラン環、チオフェン環、セレノフェン環、ピロール環、オキサゾール環、チアゾール環、イミダゾール環、ピリジン環、ベンゾフラン環、ベンゾチオフェン環、チエノチオフェン環、2,1,3-ベンゾチアジアゾール環が挙げられる。
複素環が有していてもよい置換基としては、例えば、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子、シリル基、アミノ基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、シクロアルキニル基、ヒドロキシル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、カルボキシル基、アルキルカルボニル基、シクロアルキルカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、シクロアルコキシカルボニル基が挙げられる。
アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子、シリル基、アミノ基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、シクロアルキニル基、ヒドロキシル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、カルボキシル基、アルキルカルボニル基、シクロアルキルカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、シクロアルコキシカルボニル基の定義および具体例は、上記の多環芳香族化合物が有していてもよい置換基であるアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子、シリル基、アミノ基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、シクロアルキニル基、アルキルカルボニル基、シクロアルキルカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、シクロアルコキシカルボニル基の定義および具体例と同様である。
アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基の定義および具体例は、上記の多環芳香族化合物が有してもよい置換基であるアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基の定義および具体例と同様である。
アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基の定義および具体例は、上記の多環芳香族化合物が有していてもよい置換基であるアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基の定義および具体例と同様である。
本発明の膜を用いて製造される有機薄膜トランジスタの電界効果移動度がより優れるので、式(2)で表される構造単位は、式(2-11-1)、式(2-11-2)、式(2-11-3)、式(2-12-1)、式(2-12-3)、式(2-12-5)、式(2-13-1)、式(2-13-3)または式(2-13-5)で表される構造単位であることが好ましく、式(2-11-1)、式(2-11-2)、式(2-11-3)、式(2-12-1)、式(2-12-3)、式(2-13-1)または式(2-13-3)で表される構造単位であることがより好ましく、式(2-11-1)、式(2-11-2)または式(2-11-3)で表される構造単位であることがさらに好ましい。
本発明の膜に含有される高分子化合物は、式(2)で表される構造単位のほかに、式(3)で表される構造単位(但し、前記式(2)で表される構造単位とは異なる。)(以下、「第2構造単位」ということがある。)をさらに含んでいることが好ましい。
本明細書において、共役とは、分子の構造において不飽和結合と単結合が交互に連なり、結合電子が局在化することなく存在している状態のことを指す。ここで不飽和結合とは、二重結合や三重結合を指す。
アリーレン基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子が挙げられる。これらの置換基の定義および具体例は、上記の多環芳香族化合物が有していてもよい置換基であるアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子の定義および具体例と同様である。
アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子の定義および具体例は、上記の多環芳香族化合物が有していてもよい置換基であるアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、ハロゲン原子の定義および具体例と同様である。
2価の複素環基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、ハロゲン原子が挙げられる。これらの置換基の定義および具体例は、上記の多環芳香族化合物が有していてもよい置換基であるアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、ハロゲン原子の定義および具体例と同様である。
次に、本発明の膜に含有される高分子化合物の製造方法を説明する。
本発明の膜に含有される高分子化合物は、いかなる方法で製造してもよいが、例えば、式:X21-A11-X22で表される化合物と、式:X23-A12-X24で表される化合物とを、必要に応じて有機溶媒に溶解し、必要に応じて塩基を加え、適切な触媒を用いた公知のアリールカップリング等の重合方法により合成することができる。
有機スズ残基としては、3つのアルキル基若しくは3つのシクロアルキル基で置換された有機スズ残基(例えばトリアルキルスタンニル基またはトリシクロアルキルスタンニル基)があげられる。
シクロアルキル基で置換された有機スズ残基としては、トリシクロヘキシルスタンニル基が挙げられる。
本発明の膜に含有される高分子化合物をSuzukiカップリング反応により重合する場合は、上記の重合反応性基である臭素原子およびヨウ素原子の合計モル数と、上記の重合反応性基であるホウ酸エステル残基の合計モル数との比率が、0.7~1.3であることが好ましく、0.8~1.2であることがより好ましい。
本発明の膜に含有される高分子化合物をStilleカップリング反応により重合する場合は、上記の重合反応性基である臭素原子およびヨウ素原子の合計モル数と、上記の重合反応性基である有機スズ残基(好ましくは3つのアルキル基若しくは3つのシクロアルキル基で置換された有機スズ残基)の合計モル数との比率が、0.7~1.3であることが好ましく、0.8~1.2であることがより好ましい。
ホウ酸エステル残基、ホウ酸残基または有機スズ残基の定義および具体例は、上記の重合反応基であるホウ酸エステル残基、ホウ酸残基または有機スズ残基の定義および具体例と同様である。
式(11)で表される化合物は、いかなる方法で製造してもよいが、例えば、以下に説明するように、臭素化反応、Suzukiカップリング反応、Wolff-Kishner還元反応、Buchwald-Hartwigアミノ化反応、酸化的環化反応により製造することができる。
式(S1)で表される化合物と、式(S2)で表される化合物と、式(S3)で表される化合物とをSuzukiカップリング反応により反応させる第一工程と、
第一工程で得られた式(S4)で表される化合物を分子内環化させる第二工程と
により製造することができる。この場合に得られる化合物は、式(S5)で表される化合物である。そして、式(S5)で表される化合物を、(I)N-ブロモスクシンイミド等のハロゲン化剤とを反応させることにより、(II)パラジウム触媒等を用いたカップリング反応により、または、(III)アルキルリチウムと反応させてリチオ化し、さらに、塩化トリブチルブチルスズ等と反応させることにより、式(11)で表される化合物を製造することができる。
上記の式(S5)で表される化合物をWolff-Kishner還元反応により反応させる第一工程と、
第一工程で得られた式(S6)で表される化合物と、ナトリウムアルコキシド等の塩基と、アルキルハライドとを反応させる第二工程と
により製造することができる。この場合に得られる化合物は、式(S7)で表される化合物である。そして、式(S7)で表される化合物を、(I)N-ブロモスクシンイミド等のハロゲン化剤とを反応させることにより、(II)パラジウム触媒等を用いたカップリング反応により、または、(III)アルキルリチウムと反応させてリチオ化し、さらに、塩化トリブチルブチルスズ等と反応させることにより、式(11)で表される化合物を製造することができる。
式(S1)で表される化合物と、式(S8)で表される化合物と、式(S9)で表される化合物とをSuzukiカップリング反応により反応させる第一工程と、
第一工程で得られた式(S10)で表される化合物と、ブチルリチウムとを反応させてリチオ化し、さらに、ケトンと反応させる第二工程と、
第二工程で得られた式(S11)で表される化合物と、トリフルオロホウ酸や硫酸等の酸とを反応させて環化させる第三工程と
により製造することができる。この場合に得られる化合物は、式(S7)で表される化合物である。そして、式(S7)で表される化合物を、(I)N-ブロモスクシンイミド等のハロゲン化剤とを反応させることにより、(II)パラジウム触媒等を用いたカップリング反応により、または、(III)アルキルリチウムと反応させてリチオ化し、さらに、塩化トリブチルブチルスズ等と反応させることにより、式(11)で表される化合物を製造することができる。
上記の式(S10)で表される化合物と、N-ブロモスクシンイミド等のハロゲン化剤とを反応させる第一工程と、
第一工程で得られた式(S12)で表される化合物と、ブチルリチウムとを反応させてリチオ化し、さらに、式:R2ECl2で表される化合物等と反応させる第二工程と
により製造することができる。この場合に得られる化合物は、式(S13)で表される化合物である。そして、式(S13)で表される化合物を、(I)N-ブロモスクシンイミド等のハロゲン化剤とを反応させることにより、(II)パラジウム触媒等を用いたカップリング反応により、または、(III)アルキルリチウムと反応させてリチオ化し、さらに、塩化トリブチルブチルスズ等と反応させることにより、式(11)で表される化合物を製造することができる。
上記の式(S12)で表される化合物と、式(S14)で表される化合物とをBuchwald-Hartwigアミノ化反応により反応させることにより製造することができる。この場合に得られる化合物は、式(S15)で表される化合物である。そして、式(S15)で表される化合物を、(I)N-ブロモスクシンイミド等のハロゲン化剤とを反応させることにより、(II)パラジウム触媒等を用いたカップリング反応により、または、(III)アルキルリチウムと反応させてリチオ化し、さらに、塩化トリブチルブチルスズ等と反応させることにより、式(11)で表される化合物を製造することができる。
式(S16)で表される化合物と、式(S19)で表される化合物と、式(S20)で表される化合物とをSuzukiカップリング反応により反応させる第一工程と、
第一工程で得られた式(S21)で表される化合物を分子内環化させる第二工程と
により製造することができる。この場合に得られる化合物は、式(S7)で表される化合物である。そして、式(S7)で表される化合物を、(I)N-ブロモスクシンイミド等のハロゲン化剤とを反応させることにより、(II)パラジウム触媒等を用いたカップリング反応により、または、(III)アルキルリチウムと反応させてリチオ化し、さらに、塩化トリブチルブチルスズ等と反応させることにより、式(11)で表される化合物を製造することができる。
本発明の膜は、高分子化合物と、キャリア輸送性を有する化合物とを含有する。高分子化合物は、本発明の膜に1種類単独で含有されていても、2種類以上含有されていてもよい。また、キャリア輸送性を有する化合物は、本発明の膜に1種類単独で含有されていても、2種類以上含有されていてもよい。
本発明の膜は、
薄膜X線回折法を用いた測定方法Aにより特定される回折強度Aが3~50であり、
薄膜X線回折法を用いた測定方法Aにより特定される回折強度Aと、薄膜X線回折法を用いた測定方法Bにより特定される回折強度Bとの強度比(A/B)が30以下である膜である。
(測定方法A)
薄膜X線回折法を用いたOut-of-plane測定法により得られたプロファイルにおいて、散乱ベクトルが1nm-1~5nm-1の範囲内で最大の回折強度を、回折強度Aとする。
(測定方法B)
薄膜X線回折法を用いたIn-plane測定法により得られたプロファイルにおいて、散乱ベクトルが10nm-1~21nm-1の範囲内で最大の回折強度を、回折強度Bとする。
入射X線角度:0.17°~0.19°
入射X線のビームサイズ:直径1mm
試料の長さ:2mm
試料と検出器の間の距離:100mm~300mm
試料室の雰囲気:50パスカル以下の真空雰囲気、または、ヘリウムガス等の不活性ガス雰囲気
測定温度:室温
基板:シリコン基板、フロートガラスまたはサファイア基板
検出器:イメージングプレート検出器
試料の設置:入射X線と平行となる向きの長さが2mmとなるように設置
X線照射時間:100min(In-plane測定法)、
720min(Out-of-plane測定法)
薄膜X線回折法を用いたOut-of-plane測定法により得られたプロファイル(以下、「Out-of-planeプロファイル」ともいう。)の散乱角θとX線波長λとから、下記式により散乱ベクトル[nm-1]を算出することができ、Out-of-planeプロファイルの散乱ベクトルが1~5nm-1の範囲内での最大の回折強度に、上記の補正係数Sを除することにより、回折強度Aを得ることができる。
散乱ベクトル[nm-1]=4π/λ × sinθ
薄膜X線回折法を用いたIn-plane測定法により得られたプロファイル(以下、「In-planeプロファイル」ともいう。)において、散乱ベクトルが10~21nm-1の範囲内での最大の強度に、上記の補正係数Sを除することにより、回折強度Bを得ることができる。
本発明の膜は、高分子化合物と、キャリア輸送性を有する低分子化合物とを含有する。本発明の膜を用いて製造される有機薄膜トランジスタの電界効果移動度がより優れるため、後述する膜表面の組成比Srが0.3以上であることが好ましく、0.5以上であることがより好ましく、0.6以上であることがさらに好ましい。組成比Srがこれらの範囲内となることで、本発明の膜に含有されるキャリア輸送性を有する低分子化合物が、膜の表面により均一に分散するため、好ましい。
測定面積:20μm~500μm角
マススペクトル:正極性マススペクトルまたは負極性マススペクトル
積算回数:8~500回
一次イオンのドーズ量:108~1013ion/cm2
帯電補正:低加速電子銃を使用
次に、高分子化合物のみを含有する膜に対して、TOF-SIMS法の測定を行い、得られた膜表面のマススペクトルから、高分子化合物に由来する二次イオン(M1)の強度(I01)を算出する。
次に、キャリア輸送性を有する低分子化合物のみを含有する膜に対して、TOF-SIMS法の測定を行い、得られた膜表面のマススペクトルから、キャリア輸送性を有する低分子化合物に由来する二次イオン(M2)の強度(I02)を算出する。
組成比Sr =(I2/I02)/((I1/I01)+(I2/I02)) 数式1
本発明の膜は、膜を容易に形成することができるため、インク組成物を用いて形成することが好ましい。インク組成物は、高分子化合物と、キャリア輸送性を有する化合物と、溶媒とを含有し、その他の添加物を更に含有していてもよい。好適な溶媒は、四塩化炭素、クロロホルム、ジクロロメタン、ジクロロエタン、クロロブタン、ブロモブタン、クロロペンタン、ブロモペンタン、クロロヘキサン、ブロモヘキサン、クロロシクロヘキサン、ブロモシクロヘキサン等のハロゲン化飽和炭化水素系溶媒、クロロベンゼン、ジクロロベンゼン、トリクロロベンゼン等のハロゲン化不飽和炭化水素系溶媒のほか、テトラヒドロフラン、テトラヒドロピラン、ジオキサン、トルエン、キシレン、メシチレン、テトラリン、デカリン、ビシクロヘキシル、シクロヘキシルベンゼン、シクロヘキサンである。高分子化合物およびキャリア輸送性を有する化合物は、それぞれ、これらの溶媒に0.1重量%以上溶解できるものであることが好ましい。
本発明の膜は、高いキャリア(電子またはホール)輸送性を発揮し得ることから、これらの膜に設けられた電極から注入された電子やホール、或いは、光吸収によって発生した電荷を輸送することができる。したがって、これらの特性を活かして、有機薄膜トランジスタ、有機薄膜太陽電池、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、有機電界効果型トランジスタセンサ(以下、「OFETセンサ」ともいう。)、有機電導度変調型センサ等の種々の有機半導体子に適用することができる。以下、これらの有機半導体素子について個々に説明する。
本発明の膜を用いた有機薄膜トランジスタとしては、ソース電極およびドレイン電極と、これらの電極間の電流経路となる有機半導体層(活性層)と、この電流経路を通る電流量を制御するゲート電極とを備えた構成を有するものが挙げられ、有機半導体層が、本発明の膜によって構成されるものである。このような有機薄膜トランジスタとしては、例えば、電界効果型有機薄膜トランジスタ、静電誘導型有機薄膜トランジスタが挙げられる。
以下、図3に示される第1実施形態の有機薄膜トランジスタを一例として、有機薄膜トランジスタの製造方法を説明する。
チャネル領域が感圧部として機能する場合、チャネル領域に含有される有機半導体の結晶性をより高めるため、有機薄膜トランジスタは更に配向層を有していてもよい。配向層としては、例えば、ヘキサメチルジシラザン等のシランカップリング剤を用いてゲート絶縁膜上に形成された単分子膜が挙げられる。
NMR測定は、化合物を重クロロホルムに溶解させ、NMR装置(Varian社製、INOVA300)を用いて行った。
高分子化合物の数平均分子量および重量平均分子量は、ゲル透過クロマトグラフィ(GPC、Waters社製、商品名:Alliance GPC 2000)を用いて求めた。測定する高分子化合物は、オルトジクロロベンゼンに溶解させ、GPCに注入した。
GPCの移動相にはオルトジクロロベンゼンを用いた。カラムは、TSKgel GMHHR-H(S)HT(2本連結、東ソー製)を用いた。検出器にはUV検出器を用いた。
薄膜X線回折法の測定は、Bruker製のX線回折装置(NanoSTAR)を用いて、下記の条件で行った。
入射X線波長:1.54Å
入射X線角度:0.180°
入射X線のビームサイズ:直径1mm
試料の長さ:2mm
試料と検出器の間の距離:150mm
試料室の雰囲気:50パスカル以下の真空
測定温度:室温
基板:シリコン基板
X線発生器:Cuターゲットの回転対陰極型(出力:50kV、100mA)
検出器:イメージングプレート検出器(富士フィルム社製、BAS-MS2025)
試料の設置:入射X線と平行となる向きの長さが2mmとなるように設置
X線照射時間:100min(In-plane測定法)、
720min(Out-of-plane測定法)
TOF-SIMS法の測定は、ION-TOF社製TOF-SIMSVを用いて、下記の条件で行った。
1次イオン:Bi+
測定面積:300μm角
マススペクトル:負極性マススペクトル
積算回数:32回
一次イオンのドーズ量:3.6×1011ion/cm2
帯電補正:低加速電子銃を使用
(化合物2の合成)
(化合物3の合成)
(化合物4の合成)
(化合物6の合成)
(化合物7の合成)
(化合物8の合成)
(高分子化合物Aの合成)
(高分子化合物Bの合成)
(化合物11の合成)
(化合物12の合成)
(化合物13の合成)
(化合物14の合成)
(化合物16の合成)
(化合物17の合成)
(化合物18の合成)
(高分子化合物Cの合成)
(高分子化合物Dの合成)
(高分子化合物Eの合成)
(低分子化合物aの合成)
(1-n-ヘプチル-4-(4,4,5,5-テトラメチル-1,3,2-ジオキサボロラン-2-イル)ベンゼンの合成)
(2,5-ビス(4-n-ヘプチルフェニル)-3,4-ジメチルスルファニルチオフェンの合成)
(2,5-ビス(4-n-ヘプチルフェニル)-3,4-ジメチルスルフィニルチオフェンの合成)
(低分化合物bの合成)
(低分子化合物cの合成)
(低分子化合物eの合成)
(有機薄膜トランジスタ1の作製と評価)
次に、この基板1上に、シャドウマスクを用いた蒸着法によりソース電極5およびドレイン電極6となる金を形成した。このときのソース電極5およびドレイン電極6のチャネル長は20μm、チャンネル幅は2mmであった。
次に、フェニルエチルトリクロロシランのトルエン溶液に、上記の基板を2分間浸漬することにより、基板表面をシラン処理した。その後、さらに、パーフルオロベンゼンチオールのイソプロピルアルコール溶液に、上記の基板を2分間浸漬することにより、基板上に形成した金電極の表面を修飾した。
次に、この絶縁膜3上に、シャドウマスクを用いた蒸着法によりゲート電極4となるアルミニウムを形成することで、有機薄膜トランジスタ1を作製した。
(膜1の作製と評価)
(有機薄膜トランジスタ2の作製と評価)
高分子化合物Bと低分子化合物aとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物B/低分子化合物a=75質量部/25質量部)に代えて、高分子化合物Cと低分子化合物aとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物C/低分子化合物a=75質量部/25質量部)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、有機薄膜トランジスタ2を作製した。得られた有機薄膜トランジスタ2のソース・ドレイン間電圧Vsdを-40Vに設定し、ゲート電圧Vgを40~-40Vに変化させた条件で、トランジスタ特性を測定した。有機薄膜トランジスタ2の電界効果移動度は、1.21cm2/Vsであった。
(膜2の作製と評価)
高分子化合物Bと低分子化合物aとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物B/低分子化合物a=75質量部/25質量部)に代えて、高分子化合物Cと低分子化合物aとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物C/低分子化合物C=75質量部/25質量部)を用いたこと以外は、測定例1と同様にして、膜2を作製した。得られた膜2用いて薄膜X線測定を行った。得られた回折強度Aは7.9、回折強度A/回折強度Bは6.71であった。
(有機薄膜トランジスタ3の作製と評価)
高分子化合物Bと低分子化合物aとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物B/低分子化合物a=75質量部/25質量部)に代えて、高分子化合物Aと低分子化合物aとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物A/低分子化合物a=75質量部/25質量部)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、有機薄膜トランジスタ3を作製した。得られた有機薄膜トランジスタ3のソース・ドレイン間電圧Vsdを-40Vに設定し、ゲート電圧Vgを40~-40Vに変化させた条件で、トランジスタ特性を測定した。有機薄膜トランジスタ3の電界効果移動度は、1.69cm2/Vsであった。
(膜3の作製と評価)
高分子化合物Bと低分子化合物aとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物B/低分子化合物a=75質量部/25質量部)に代えて、高分子化合物Aと低分子化合物aとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物A/低分子化合物a=75質量部/25質量部)を用いたこと以外は、測定例1と同様にして、膜3を作製した。得られた膜3用いて薄膜X線測定を行った。得られた回折強度Aは5.0、回折強度A/回折強度Bは2.09であった。
(有機薄膜トランジスタ4の作製と評価)
高分子化合物Bと低分子化合物aとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物B/低分子化合物a=75質量部/25質量部)に代えて、高分子化合物Bと低分子化合物bとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物B/低分子化合物b=75質量部/25質量部)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、有機薄膜トランジスタ4を作製した。得られた有機薄膜トランジスタ4のソース・ドレイン間電圧Vsdを-40Vに設定し、ゲート電圧Vgを40~-40Vに変化させた条件で、トランジスタ特性を測定した。有機薄膜トランジスタ4の電界効果移動度は、1.41cm2/Vsであった。
(膜4の作製と評価)
高分子化合物Bと低分子化合物aとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物B/低分子化合物a=75質量部/25質量部)に代えて、高分子化合物Bと低分子化合物bとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物B/低分子化合物b=75質量部/25質量部)を用いたこと以外は、測定例1と同様にして、膜4を作製した。得られた膜4用いて薄膜X線測定を行った。得られた回折強度Aは5.0、回折強度A/回折強度Bは3.95であった。
(低分子化合物fの合成)
(高分子化合物A-2の合成)
(有機薄膜トランジスタ12の作製と評価)
高分子化合物Bと低分子化合物aとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物B/低分子化合物a=75質量部/25質量部)に代えて、高分子化合物A-2と低分子化合物fとを含有するキシレン溶液(2.0重量%、高分子化合物A-2/低分子化合物f=75質量部/25質量部)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、有機薄膜トランジスタ12を作製した。得られた有機薄膜トランジスタ12のソース・ドレイン間電圧Vsdを-40Vに設定し、ゲート電圧Vgを40~-40Vに変化させた条件で、トランジスタ特性を測定した。有機薄膜トランジスタ12の電界効果移動度は、3.57cm2/Vsであった。
(膜12の作製と評価)
高分子化合物Bと低分子化合物aとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物B/低分子化合物a=75質量部/25質量部)に代えて、高分子化合物A-2と低分子化合物fとを含有するキシレン溶液(2.0重量%、高分子化合物A-2/低分子化合物f=75質量部/25質量部)を用いたこと以外は、測定例1と同様にして、膜12を作製した。得られた膜12用いて薄膜X線測定を行った。得られた回折強度Aは7.4、回折強度A/回折強度Bは0.85であった。
(有機薄膜トランジスタ5の作製と評価)
高分子化合物Bと低分子化合物aとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物B/低分子化合物a=75質量部/25質量部)に代えて、高分子化合物Dと低分子化合物cとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物D/低分子化合物c=75質量部/25質量部)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、有機薄膜トランジスタ5を作製した。得られた有機薄膜トランジスタ5のソース・ドレイン間電圧Vsdを-40Vに設定し、ゲート電圧Vgを40~-40Vに変化させた条件で、トランジスタ特性を測定した。有機薄膜トランジスタ5の電界効果移動度は、0.01cm2/Vsであった。
(膜5の作製と評価)
高分子化合物Bと低分子化合物aとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物B/低分子化合物a=75質量部/25質量部)に代えて、高分子化合物Dと低分子化合物cとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物D/低分子化合物c=75質量部/25質量部)を用いたこと以外は、測定例1と同様にして、膜5を作製した。得られた膜5用いて薄膜X線測定を行った。得られた回折強度Aは0.2であった。回折強度Bは、検出下限以下であったため、回折強度A/回折強度Bは算出不可であった。
(有機薄膜トランジスタ6の作製と評価)
高分子化合物Bと低分子化合物aとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物B/低分子化合物a=75質量部/25質量部)に代えて、高分子化合物Dと低分子化合物dとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物D/低分子化合物d=75質量部/25質量部)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、有機薄膜トランジスタ6を作製した。得られた有機薄膜トランジスタ6のソース・ドレイン間電圧Vsdを-40Vに設定し、ゲート電圧Vgを40~-40Vに変化させた条件で、トランジスタ特性を測定した。有機薄膜トランジスタ6の電界効果移動度は、0.02cm2/Vsであった。
(膜6の作製と評価)
高分子化合物Bと低分子化合物aとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物B/低分子化合物a=75質量部/25質量部)に代えて、高分子化合物Dと低分子化合物dとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物D/低分子化合物d=75質量部/25質量部)を用いたこと以外は、測定例1と同様にして、膜6を作製した。得られた膜6用いて薄膜X線測定を行った。得られた回折強度Aは0.7、回折強度A/回折強度Bは3.27であった。
(有機薄膜トランジスタ7の作製と評価)
高分子化合物Bと低分子化合物aとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物B/低分子化合物a=75質量部/25質量部)に代えて、高分子化合物Eと低分子化合物eとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物E/低分子化合物e=90質量部/10質量部)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、有機薄膜トランジスタ7を作製した。得られた有機薄膜トランジスタ7のソース・ドレイン間電圧Vsdを-40Vに設定し、ゲート電圧Vgを40~-40Vに変化させた条件で、トランジスタ特性を測定した。有機薄膜トランジスタ7の電界効果移動度は、0.77cm2/Vsであった。
(膜7の作製と評価)
高分子化合物Bと低分子化合物aとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物B/低分子化合物a=75質量部/25質量部)に代えて、高分子化合物Eと低分子化合物eとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物E/低分子化合物e=90質量部/10質量部)を用いたこと以外は、測定例1と同様にして、膜7を作製した。得られた膜7用いて薄膜X線測定を行った。得られた回折強度Aは145.4、回折強度A/回折強度Bは33.19であった。
(有機薄膜トランジスタ8の作製と評価)
高分子化合物Bと低分子化合物aとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物B/低分子化合物a=75質量部/25質量部)に代えて、高分子化合物Eと低分子化合物eとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物E/低分子化合物e=70質量部/30質量部)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、有機薄膜トランジスタ8を作製した。得られた有機薄膜トランジスタ8のソース・ドレイン間電圧Vsdを-40Vに設定し、ゲート電圧Vgを40~-40Vに変化させた条件で、トランジスタ特性を測定した。有機薄膜トランジスタ8の電界効果移動度は、0.49cm2/Vsであった。
(膜8の作製と評価)
高分子化合物Bと低分子化合物aとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物B/低分子化合物a=75質量部/25質量部)に代えて、高分子化合物Eと低分子化合物eとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物E/低分子化合物e=70質量部/30質量部)を用いたこと以外は、測定例1と同様にして、膜8を作製した。得られた膜8用いて薄膜X線測定を行った。得られた回折強度Aは56.5、回折強度A/回折強度Bは8.27であった。
(有機薄膜トランジスタ9の作製と評価)
高分子化合物Bと低分子化合物aとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物B/低分子化合物a=75質量部/25質量部)に代えて、高分子化合物Eと低分子化合物eとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物E/低分子化合物e=50質量部/50質量部)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、有機薄膜トランジスタ9を作製した。得られた有機薄膜トランジスタ9のソース・ドレイン間電圧Vsdを-40Vに設定し、ゲート電圧Vgを40~-40Vに変化させた条件で、トランジスタ特性を測定した。有機薄膜トランジスタ9の電界効果移動度は、0.37cm2/Vsであった。
(膜9の作製と評価)
高分子化合物Bと低分子化合物aとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物B/低分子化合物a=75質量部/25質量部)に代えて、高分子化合物Eと低分子化合物eとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物E/低分子化合物e=50質量部/50質量部)を用いたこと以外は、測定例1と同様にして、膜9を作製した。得られた膜9用いて薄膜X線測定を行った。得られた回折強度Aは31.5、回折強度A/回折強度Bは7.33であった。
(有機薄膜トランジスタ10の作製と評価)
高分子化合物Bと低分子化合物aとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物B/低分子化合物a=75質量部/25質量部)に代えて、高分子化合物Eと低分子化合物eとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物E/低分子化合物e=30質量部/70質量部)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、有機薄膜トランジスタ10を作製した。得られた有機薄膜トランジスタ10のソース・ドレイン間電圧Vsdを-40Vに設定し、ゲート電圧Vgを40~-40Vに変化させた条件で、トランジスタ特性を測定した。有機薄膜トランジスタ10の電界効果移動度は、0.47cm2/Vsであった。
(膜10の作製と評価)
高分子化合物Bと低分子化合物aとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物B/低分子化合物a=75質量部/25質量部)に代えて、高分子化合物Eと低分子化合物eとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物E/低分子化合物e=30質量部/70質量部)を用いたこと以外は、測定例1と同様にして、膜10を作製した。得られた膜10用いて薄膜X線測定を行った。得られた回折強度Aは97.6、回折強度A/回折強度Bは21.30であった。
(有機薄膜トランジスタ11の作製と評価)
高分子化合物Bと低分子化合物aとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物B/低分子化合物a=75質量部/25質量部)に代えて、高分子化合物Eと低分子化合物eとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物E/低分子化合物e=20質量部/80質量部)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、有機薄膜トランジスタ11を作製した。得られた有機薄膜トランジスタ11のソース・ドレイン間電圧Vsdを-40Vに設定し、ゲート電圧Vgを40~-40Vに変化させた条件で、トランジスタ特性を測定した。有機薄膜トランジスタ11の電界効果移動度は、0.48cm2/Vsであった。
(膜11の作製と評価)
高分子化合物Bと低分子化合物aとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物B/低分子化合物a=75質量部/25質量部)に代えて、高分子化合物Eと低分子化合物eとを含有するキシレン溶液(0.6重量%、高分子化合物E/低分子化合物e=20質量部/80質量部)を用いたこと以外は、測定例1と同様にして、膜11を作製した。得られた膜11用いて薄膜X線測定を行った。得られた回折強度Aは101.2、回折強度A/回折強度Bは29.17であった。
Claims (10)
- 高分子化合物と、キャリア輸送性を有する低分子化合物とを含有する膜であって、
低分子化合物の含有量が、高分子化合物と低分子化合物との合計100質量部に対して、5~40質量部であり、
下記の測定方法Aにより特定される回折強度Aが3~50であり、
下記の測定方法Aにより特定される回折強度Aと、下記の測定方法Bにより特定される回折強度Bとの強度比(A/B)が30以下である膜。
(測定方法A)
薄膜X線回折法を用いたOut-of-plane測定法により得られたプロファイルにおいて、散乱ベクトルが1nm-1~5nm-1の範囲内で最大の回折強度を、回折強度Aとする。
(測定方法B)
薄膜X線回折法を用いたIn-plane測定法により得られたプロファイルにおいて、散乱ベクトルが10nm-1~21nm-1の範囲内で最大の回折強度を、回折強度Bとする。 - 前記回折強度Aが、3~30である、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 前記回折強度Aと、前記回折強度Bとの強度比(A/B)が、20以下である、請求項1または2に記載の膜。
- 前記低分子化合物が、式(1)で表される低分子化合物である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の膜。
〔式中、
nは、1以上の整数を表す。
環Aおよび環Cは、それぞれ独立に、ベンゼン環、5員の複素環または6員の複素環を表し、これらの環は置換基を有していてもよい。
環Bは、ベンゼン環、シクロペンタジエン環、5員の複素環または6員の複素環を表し、これらの環は置換基を有していてもよい。環Bが複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
但し、環Aと環Bとは互いに縮合して縮合環を形成し、環Bと環Cとは互いに縮合して縮合環を形成し、環Bが複数存在する場合、隣り合う環B同士は互いに縮合して縮合環を形成している。〕 - 前記式(1)で表される化合物が、式(1-1)で表される化合物、式(1-2)で表される化合物、式(1-3)で表される化合物、式(1-4)で表される化合物、式(1-5)で表される化合物、式(1-6)で表される化合物、式(1-7)で表される化合物、式(1-8)で表される化合物、式(1-9)で表される化合物、式(1-10)で表される化合物、式(1-11)で表される化合物、式(1-12)で表される化合物、式(1-13)で表される化合物または式(1-14)で表される化合物である、請求項4に記載の組成物。
〔式中、
Z11は、式(Z-1)で表される基、式(Z-2)で表される基、式(Z-3)で表される基、式(Z-4)で表される基または式(Z-5)で表される基を表す。複数存在するZ11は、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。
X11、X12、X13およびX14は、それぞれ独立に、酸素原子、硫黄原子またはセレン原子を表す。複数存在するX11、X13およびX14は、それぞれ、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。X12が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
Y11およびY12は、それぞれ独立に、窒素原子または-CR2=で表される基を表す。R2は、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基またはハロゲン原子を表す。これらの基のうちアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基および1価の複素環基はそれぞれ置換基を有していてもよい。複数存在するY11およびY12は、それぞれ、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。
R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19、R20、R21、R22、R23およびR24は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、アルキニル基、1価の複素環基またはハロゲン原子を表す。これらの基のうちアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、アルキニル基および1価の複素環基はそれぞれ置換基を有していてもよい。複数存在するR11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19、R20、R21、R22、R23およびR24は、それぞれ、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。〕
〔式中、R1は、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基または1価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。R1が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。〕 - 前記高分子化合物が、式(2)で表される構造単位を含む高分子化合物である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の膜。
〔式中、
環Dおよび環Eは、それぞれ独立に、複素環を表し、この複素環は置換基を有していてもよい。
環Fは、芳香族炭化水素環または複素環を表し、これらの環は置換基を有していてもよい。
Z1は、式(Z-1’)で表される基、式(Z-2’)で表される基、式(Z-3’)で表される基、式(Z-4’)で表される基または式(Z-5’)で表される基を表す。複数存在するZ1は、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。〕
〔式中、R1’は、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基または1価の複素環基を表し、これらの基は置換基を有していてもよい。R1’が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。〕 - 前記式(2)で表される構造単位が、式(2-1)で表される構造単位、式(2-2)で表される構造単位または式(2-3)で表される構造単位である、請求項6に記載の膜。
〔式中、
環FおよびZ1は、前記と同じ意味を表す。
X1およびX2は、それぞれ独立に、酸素原子、硫黄原子またはセレン原子を表す。複数存在するX1は、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。X2が複数存在する場合、それらは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
Y1は、窒素原子または-CR2’=で表される基を表す。R2’は、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロアルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、シクロアルキルチオ基、アリール基、1価の複素環基またはハロゲン原子を表す。複数存在するY1は、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。〕 - 第1の電極と第2の電極とを有し、
該第1の電極と該第2の電極との間に活性層を有し、該活性層が請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の膜である、有機半導体素子。 - 有機薄膜トランジスタ、有機薄膜太陽電池、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、有機電界効果型トランジスタセンサおよび有機電導度変調型センサのいずれかである、請求項8に記載の有機半導体素子。
- 有機薄膜トランジスタである、請求項9に記載の有機半導体素子。
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| US20170110665A1 (en) | 2017-04-20 |
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