WO2015037585A1 - 光学素子 - Google Patents
光学素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015037585A1 WO2015037585A1 PCT/JP2014/073812 JP2014073812W WO2015037585A1 WO 2015037585 A1 WO2015037585 A1 WO 2015037585A1 JP 2014073812 W JP2014073812 W JP 2014073812W WO 2015037585 A1 WO2015037585 A1 WO 2015037585A1
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- film
- optical element
- oxide
- molded body
- resin molded
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/14—Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical element having excellent heat resistance and gas barrier properties that is mounted on a vehicle or used outdoors.
- optical thin films such as metal reflection film, antireflection film, transparent conductive film, and wavelength selective transmission film are laminated on the surface of the resin molded body to form a multilayer film to give advanced functions.
- optical components are widely used.
- the multilayer film is used in a high temperature environment such as when mounted on a vehicle or installed outdoors.
- micro cracks may be generated in the multilayer film, or the multilayer film may be peeled off from the resin molded body.
- Patent Document 1 a method for forming an optical thin film on the surface of a resin molded body.
- a vacuum vapor deposition method capable of forming a uniform film is generally used.
- the optical thin film formed by this method tends to have insufficient adhesion strength with the resin molding.
- Patent Document 1 a method of forming an optical thin film on the surface of a resin molded body by a sputtering method has been proposed.
- the present inventors have made extensive studies to obtain an optical element using the alicyclic structure-containing polymer by utilizing the property that the polymer having excellent shape stability and transparency even under a high temperature environment.
- a laminate (optical element) in which a silicon oxide film having a specific film density or higher is formed on the surface of a resin molded body made of an alicyclic structure-containing polymer has little yellowing in a high-temperature environment, and It has been found that the gas barrier property is also excellent (low oxygen permeability), and the present invention has been completed.
- optical elements (1) to (4) are provided.
- the inorganic compound is an inorganic oxide or an inorganic nitride.
- the inorganic compound is silicon dioxide.
- the layer made of the inorganic compound has an oxygen permeability of 10 ml / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm) or less.
- an optical element excellent in heat resistance and gas barrier properties that is mounted on a vehicle or used outdoors is provided.
- Examples of the alicyclic structure-containing polymer constituting the optical element of the present invention include (a) norbornene-based polymer, (b) monocyclic cyclic olefin polymer, (c) cyclic conjugated diene polymer, (d) vinyl fat.
- Examples thereof include cyclic hydrocarbon polymers and hydrides thereof. Specific examples of these are described in International Publication WO2002 / 021517, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-116977, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-077751, and the like.
- norbornene-based polymers cyclic conjugated diene polymers, vinyl alicyclic hydrocarbon polymers, and hydrides thereof are preferable, norbornene-based polymers, vinyl alicyclic hydrocarbon polymers, and hydrogens thereof. More preferred is a hydride of a norbornene polymer.
- the molecular weight of the norbornene-based polymer, monocyclic olefin polymer or cyclic conjugated diene polymer is appropriately selected depending on the intended use, but is usually 5,000 to 500,000, preferably 8 in terms of weight average molecular weight. When it is in the range of 10,000 to 200,000, more preferably 10,000 to 100,000, the molding processability of the obtained resin composition and the mechanical strength of the obtained resin mold are highly balanced and suitable. is there.
- the molecular weight of the vinyl alicyclic hydrocarbon polymer is appropriately selected depending on the purpose of use of the vinyl alicyclic hydrocarbon polymer, but is usually 10,000 to 300,000, preferably 15, in terms of weight average molecular weight.
- the range is from 20,000 to 250,000, more preferably from 20,000 to 200,000. When the weight average molecular weight is within this range, the molding processability of the obtained resin composition and the mechanical strength of the obtained resin mold are highly balanced, which is preferable.
- the glass transition temperature of the alicyclic structure-containing polymer can be in the range of 50 to 200 ° C. In particular, it is preferably in the range of 70 to 170 ° C, more preferably in the range of 90 to 140 ° C. When the glass transition temperature is in the above range, the balance between the strength characteristics and heat resistance of the resulting molded article and the molding processability of the resulting resin composition is excellent.
- the norbornene-based polymer which is a preferable polymer will be described in detail.
- the norbornene-based polymer is obtained by polymerizing a norbornene-based monomer that is a monomer having a norbornene skeleton, and is roughly classified into one obtained by ring-opening polymerization and one obtained by addition polymerization.
- Examples of the ring-opening polymer obtained by ring-opening polymerization include ring-opening polymers of norbornene monomers, ring-opening polymers of norbornene monomers and other monomers capable of ring-opening copolymerization, and these A hydride etc. are mentioned.
- Examples of the polymers obtained by addition polymerization include addition polymers of norbornene monomers and addition polymers of norbornene monomers and other monomers copolymerizable therewith.
- a ring-opening polymer hydride of a norbornene monomer is preferable from the viewpoints of heat resistance, mechanical strength, moisture resistance, and the like.
- norbornene monomers examples include bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene (common name: norbornene) and its derivatives (having substituents in the ring), tricyclo [4.3.0 1,6 . 1 2,5 ] deca-3,7-diene (common name: dicyclopentadiene) and derivatives thereof, 7,8-benzotricyclo [4.3.0.1 2,5 ] dec-3-ene (common) Name: methanotetrahydrofluorene, also referred to as 1,4-methano-1,4,4a, 9a-tetrahydrofluorene) and its derivatives, tetracyclo [4.4.0.1 2,5 .
- dodec-3-ene (common name: tetracyclododecene) and its derivatives.
- substituents include an alkyl group, an alkylene group, a vinyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, and an alkylidene group, and the norbornene-based monomer may have two or more of these.
- These norbornene monomers are used singly or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of other monomers capable of ring-opening copolymerization with norbornene monomers include monocyclic cyclic olefin monomers such as cyclohexene, cycloheptene, and cyclooctene. These other monomers capable of ring-opening copolymerization with the norbornene-based monomer can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- ring-opening copolymerization of a norbornene monomer and other monomers capable of ring-opening copolymerization ring-opening copolymerization is possible with structural units derived from norbornene monomers in the ring-opening polymer.
- the ratio of the other structural units derived from other monomers is usually in the range of 70:30 to 99: 1, preferably 80:20 to 99: 1, more preferably 90:10 to 99: 1 by weight. It chooses suitably so that it may become.
- ⁇ -olefins having 2 to 20 carbon atoms such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, and derivatives thereof.
- Cyclocyclones such as cyclobutene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cyclooctene, 3a, 5,6,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methano-1H-indene, and derivatives thereof; 1,4-hexadiene, 4-methyl-1; , 4-hexadiene, 5-methyl-1,4-hexadiene, non-conjugated dienes such as 1,7-octadiene, and the like.
- ⁇ -olefin is preferable, and ethylene is particularly preferable.
- Other monomers capable of addition copolymerization with norbornene-based monomers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the ratio with the structural unit derived from the monomer is usually in the range of 30:70 to 99: 1, preferably 50:50 to 97: 3, more preferably 70:30 to 95: 5 by weight. It is selected appropriately.
- a ring-opening polymer of a norbornene-based monomer, or a ring-opening polymer of a norbornene-based monomer and another monomer capable of ring-opening copolymerization with a monomer component is a known ring-opening polymerization. It can be obtained by polymerization in the presence of a catalyst.
- the ring-opening polymerization catalyst include a catalyst comprising a metal halide such as ruthenium or osmium, a nitrate or an acetylacetone compound, and a reducing agent, or a metal halide or acetylacetone such as titanium, zirconium, tungsten, or molybdenum.
- a catalyst comprising a compound and an organoaluminum compound can be used.
- the ring-opening polymer hydride of a norbornene-based monomer is usually obtained by adding a known hydrogenation catalyst containing a transition metal such as nickel or palladium to the polymerization solution of the ring-opening polymer and then adding a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond. Can be obtained by hydrogenation.
- An addition polymer of a norbornene monomer, or an addition polymer of a norbornene monomer and another monomer copolymerizable therewith, these monomers are added to a known addition polymerization catalyst, for example, It can be obtained by polymerization using a catalyst comprising a titanium, zirconium or vanadium compound and an organoaluminum compound.
- Such compounding agents include antioxidants, rubbery polymers, other resins, UV absorbers, antistatic agents, slip agents, antifogging agents, natural oils, synthetic oils, plasticizers, organic or inorganic fillers, Antibacterial agents, deodorants, deodorizers and the like can be mentioned.
- an antioxidant it is particularly preferable to contain an antioxidant.
- the blending ratio of the antioxidant is usually 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.01 to 1 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the alicyclic structure polymer.
- the antioxidant to be used is not particularly limited, but those having a molecular weight of 700 or more are preferable. When the blending amount of the antioxidant is too large or the molecular weight of the antioxidant is too low, the antioxidant may be eluted from the molded product.
- antioxidants include octadecyl-3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, tetrakis [methylene-3- (3 ′, 5′-di-t-butyl).
- antioxidants such as tris (cyclohexylphenyl) phosphite, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene; dimyristyl 3,3′-thiodipropionate, distearyl-3,3′-thio Dipropionate, lauryl stearyl-3,3'-thiodipropionate, pentaerythrito Le - tetrakis - sulfur-based antioxidants such as (beta-laurylthiopropionate); and the like.
- These antioxidants can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, a phenolic antioxidant is preferable.
- the rubbery polymer is a polymer having a glass transition temperature of 40 ° C. or lower.
- Rubbery polymers include rubber and thermoplastic elastomers. When there are two or more glass transition temperatures as in the block copolymer, the glass transition temperature can be used as a rubbery polymer if the lowest glass transition temperature is 40 ° C. or less.
- the Mooney viscosity (ML1 + 4, 100 ° C.) of the rubbery polymer is appropriately selected according to the purpose of use, but is usually 5 to 300.
- rubbery polymers include ethylene- ⁇ -olefin rubbers; ethylene- ⁇ -olefin-polyene copolymer rubbers; ethylene such as ethylene-methyl methacrylate and ethylene-butyl acrylate and unsaturated carboxylic acid esters.
- the blending amount of the rubbery polymer is appropriately selected according to the purpose of use.
- the compounding amount of the rubbery polymer is usually 0.01 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 100 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the alicyclic structure-containing polymer. It is in the range of 70 parts by weight, more preferably 1-50 parts by weight.
- resins include low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, ultra low density polyethylene, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polypropylene, polystyrene, hydrogenated polystyrene, Examples thereof include polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene ether, polyamide, polyester, polycarbonate, cellulose triacetate, polyetherimide, polyimide, polyarylate, polysulfone, and polyethersulfone. These other resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The blending ratio of other resins can be appropriately selected within a range not impairing the object of the present invention.
- ultraviolet absorbers and weathering stabilizers examples include 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidylbenzoate, bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, and bis (1,2 , 2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) -2- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) -2-n-butyl malonate, 4- [3- (3,5 -Di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyloxy] -1- [2- [3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyloxy] ethyl] -2,2, Hindered amine compounds such as 6,6-tetramethylpiperidine; 2- (2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)- -Chlorobenzotriazole, 2- (3,5-d
- the blending amount of the ultraviolet absorber and the weathering stabilizer is usually 0.001 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.01 to 2 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the alicyclic structure-containing polymer.
- Antistatic agents include long-chain alkyl alcohols such as stearyl alcohol and behenyl alcohol; alkylsulfonic acid sodium salts and / or alkylsulfonic acid phosphonium salts; fatty acid esters such as glycerol esters of stearic acid; hydroxyamine compounds; amorphous carbon; Examples thereof include tin oxide powder; antimony-containing tin oxide powder; The blending amount of the antistatic agent is usually in the range of 0.001 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the alicyclic structure-containing polymer.
- the alicyclic structure-containing polymer is melt-kneaded with other compounding agents at a temperature of about 200 to 400 ° C. using, for example, a twin-screw kneader, and then pellets or granules. In general, the powder is used.
- the resin molded body comprising the alicyclic structure-containing polymer is a plate-like, lens-shaped, disk-shaped, film or sheet-shaped resin composition obtained by blending the alicyclic structure-containing polymer with other compounding agents as desired. It can be used after being molded into various shapes suitable as optical components, such as prismatic.
- the molding method include known molding methods such as a hot melt molding method such as an injection molding method, an extrusion molding method, and a press molding method; a molding method using a solution such as a cast molding method.
- the optical element of the present invention forms a layer made of an inorganic compound having an inorganic film density of 2.3 g / cm 3 or more and a film thickness of 5 nm or more and 500 nm or less on the resin molded body made of the alicyclic structure-containing polymer. Is obtained. Further, the density of the inorganic film is preferably 2.75 g / cm 3 or less from the viewpoint of preventing the resin molded body forming the inorganic film from cracking.
- an inorganic film made of an inorganic compound can be laminated on the surface of a resin molded body made of an alicyclic structure-containing polymer.
- inorganic compounds examples include oxides and nitrides such as metals, alkali metals, and silicon. These inorganic compounds may be used singly or as a mixture of two or more.
- the inorganic oxide examples include aluminum oxide, bismuth oxide, cerium oxide, chromium oxide, europium oxide, iron oxide, ruthenium oxide, indium oxide, lanthanum oxide, molybdenum oxide, magnesium oxide, neodymium oxide, lead oxide, praseodymium oxide. , Samarium oxide, antimony oxide, scandium oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, titanium monoxide, dititanium trioxide, tantalum pentoxide, tungsten oxide, yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, zinc oxide, silicon oxide, silicon monoxide, silicon dioxide Etc. These oxides may be a mixture (for example, a mixture of indium oxide and tin oxide: ITO). Of these, silicon dioxide is preferred.
- the inorganic nitride include silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, indium nitride, tin nitride, copper nitride, iron nitride, magnesium nitride, zinc nitride, titanium nitride, gallium nitride, vanadium nitride, and chromium nitride.
- the sputtering method a known sputtering method that is generally used can be used. Specifically, any method may be used, such as a plasma method such as dipole sputtering, tripolar or quadrupole sputtering, or magnetron sputtering; a beam method such as ion beam sputtering or ECR sputtering.
- a plasma method such as dipole sputtering, tripolar or quadrupole sputtering, or magnetron sputtering
- a beam method such as ion beam sputtering or ECR sputtering.
- the power source any of a DC power source, an RF power source, and a microwave can be used.
- the plasma method is preferable because the film density can be increased, and magnetron sputtering is more preferable.
- the target material to be used can be appropriately selected according to the type of film, purpose of use, and the like.
- a magnetron sputtering apparatus using an alternating current power source using a target of a metal oxide or silicon oxide (for example, SiO 2 ) is used.
- oxygen gas or nitrogen gas is introduced into the chamber to form a film while making the material oxide or nitride.
- Oxygen and nitrogen can be introduced into the chamber by adding a certain amount to an inert gas such as argon gas.
- the degree of vacuum is 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 torr
- the argon gas flow rate is 10 to 40 sccm
- the oxygen gas is 0 to 5 sccm
- the high frequency power is 100 to 500 W
- Sputtering under such conditions can increase the density of the film.
- a single layer film may be formed by the above method, but in order to obtain a film having more excellent optical performance, it is preferable to laminate two or more films having different components and compositions, and the refractive index. It is more preferable to alternately laminate films having different thicknesses.
- the film can be laminated to about 10 to 20 layers.
- the average film thickness of the sputtering film obtained by the above method is 5 to 500 nm in total, preferably 5 to 50 nm.
- the laminate (optical element) obtained as described above has little yellowing in a high temperature environment (that is, excellent heat resistance) and excellent gas barrier properties (low oxygen permeability).
- the optical element of the present invention is excellent in heat resistance.
- the optical element of the present invention is left in an oven at 125 ° C. for 500 hours, and the color difference ( ⁇ YI) between the optical element before and after being left in the oven is determined. It can be confirmed that ⁇ YI is 0.1 to 5, preferably 0.1 to 3, when measured using a known spectral color difference meter.
- the optical element of the present invention is excellent in gas barrier properties.
- a film having an inorganic film laminated on the surface of the optical element of the present invention is adjusted to 23 ° C. and a relative humidity of 65%, and then a known oxygen permeation amount.
- the oxygen transmission rate (ml / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm)) is preferably Since it is 10 ml / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm) or less, more preferably 7 ml / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm) or less, and even more preferably 3 ml / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm) or less, confirmation is possible. it can.
- the optical element of the present invention having such characteristics is suitable as an optical element such as an antireflection film, a reflection film, a wavelength selective transmission film, a transparent conductive film, and a polarizing film.
- the obtained optical element can be used as an optical component such as a lens, a prism, an optical disk, an optical filter, a beam splitter, a mirror, a light guide plate, a touch panel, and a liquid crystal substrate.
- monitoring and sensing optical elements mounted on automobiles such as back monitors, around view monitors, front side monitors, electronic mirrors, night views, pre-crash safety systems, cruise control, lane keeping assist It is preferably used as an in-vehicle optical element such as a drowsiness prevention system and sign recognition; an outdoor image recognition optical element such as a surveillance camera or an interphone.
- an in-vehicle optical element such as a drowsiness prevention system and sign recognition
- an outdoor image recognition optical element such as a surveillance camera or an interphone.
- an oxygen permeation measuring device manufactured by Modern Control, Using the product name “OX-TRAN 2 / 21MH”), the oxygen transmission rate per 1 m 2 of film (ml / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm)) was measured.
- Heat resistance evaluation The heat resistance of a substrate (optical element) in which an inorganic film is laminated on the surface of a resin molded body made of an alicyclic structure-containing polymer is determined by allowing this to stand in an oven at 125 ° C. for 500 hours before being put in the oven.
- the color difference ( ⁇ YI) of the subsequent substrate was evaluated by measuring using a spectroscopic color difference meter “SE-2000” (manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.). Further, the presence or absence of cracks in the inorganic film or the resin molded body was visually observed and evaluated.
- Example 1 A silicon oxide layer was formed on the surface of the resin molded body obtained in Production Example 1 by a sputtering method.
- a magnetron sputtering apparatus manufactured by Shibaura Mechatronics, product name “i-Miller CFS-4EP-LL”
- the surface of the resin molded body was set to room temperature, silicon oxide was used as a target, argon gas 20 sccm and oxygen gas 0.8 sccm were introduced, and sputtering was performed at a high frequency power of 400 W for 10 minutes.
- the degree of vacuum was 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 torr.
- the film thickness of the sputtering film was 124 nm, the film density was 2.31 g / cm 3 , and the oxygen permeability was 0.31 ml / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm).
- ⁇ YI of the obtained multilayer substrate was 0.2, and ⁇ YI of the multilayer substrate after being left at 125 ° C. for 500 hours was 1.5. In addition, no cracks were observed in either the inorganic film or the resin molded body.
- Example 2 A laminated substrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the sputtering time was 5 minutes.
- the film thickness of the sputtering film was 62 nm
- the film density was 2.31 g / cm 3
- the oxygen permeability was 1.73 ml / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm).
- ⁇ YI of the obtained multilayer substrate was 0.2
- ⁇ YI of the multilayer substrate after being left at 125 ° C. for 500 hours was 2.0.
- no cracks were observed in either the inorganic film or the resin molded body.
- Example 3 A laminated substrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the sputtering time was 2.5 minutes.
- the film thickness of the sputtering film was 31 nm
- the film density was 2.32 g / cm 3
- the oxygen permeability was 2.26 ml / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm).
- ⁇ YI of the obtained multilayer substrate was 0.2
- ⁇ YI of the multilayer substrate after being left at 125 ° C. for 500 hours was 2.1.
- no cracks were observed in either the inorganic film or the resin molded body.
- Example 4 A laminated substrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the sputtering time was 1 minute.
- the film thickness of the sputtering film was 12 nm
- the film density was 2.30 g / cm 3
- the oxygen permeability was 2.63 ml / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm).
- ⁇ YI of the obtained multilayer substrate was 0.2
- ⁇ YI of the multilayer substrate after being allowed to stand at 125 ° C. for 500 hours was 2.3.
- no cracks were observed in either the inorganic film or the resin molded body.
- Example 5 A laminated substrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the sputtering time was 30 seconds.
- the film thickness of the sputtering film was 6 nm
- the film density was 2.31 g / cm 3
- the oxygen permeability was 6.33 ml / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm).
- ⁇ YI of the obtained multilayer substrate was 0.2
- ⁇ YI of the multilayer substrate after being left at 125 ° C. for 500 hours was 2.9.
- no cracks were observed in either the inorganic film or the resin molded body.
- Example 6 A laminated substrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature of the resin molded body surface was 50 ° C. and the sputtering time was 5 minutes.
- the film thickness of the sputtering film was 63 nm, the film density was 2.40 g / cm 3 , and the oxygen permeability was 1.25 ml / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm).
- ⁇ YI of the obtained multilayer substrate was 0.2, and ⁇ YI of the multilayer substrate after being left at 125 ° C. for 500 hours was 1.6. In addition, no cracks were observed in either the inorganic film or the resin molded body.
- Example 7 A laminated substrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature of the resin molded body surface was 80 ° C. and the sputtering time was 5 minutes.
- the film thickness of the sputtering film was 58 nm, the film density was 2.55 g / cm 3 , and the oxygen permeability was 1.10 ml / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm).
- ⁇ YI of the obtained multilayer substrate was 0.2, and ⁇ YI of the multilayer substrate after standing at 125 ° C. for 500 hours was 1.8. In addition, no cracks were observed in either the inorganic film or the resin molded body.
- Example 8 A laminated substrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature of the resin molded body surface was 130 ° C. and the sputtering time was 5 minutes. The film thickness of the sputtering film was 55 nm, the film density was 2.70 g / cm 3 , and the oxygen permeability was 0.81 ml / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm). ⁇ YI of the obtained multilayer substrate was 0.2, and ⁇ YI of the multilayer substrate after being left at 125 ° C. for 500 hours was 1.3. In addition, no cracks were observed in either the inorganic film or the resin molded body.
- Example 2 A laminated substrate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the sputtering time was 20 seconds.
- the film thickness of the sputtering film was 4 nm
- the film density was 2.30 g / cm 3
- the oxygen permeability was 18.6 ml / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm).
- ⁇ YI of the obtained multilayer substrate was 0.2
- ⁇ YI of the multilayer substrate after being left at 125 ° C. for 500 hours was 6.9. No cracks were observed in either the inorganic film or the resin molded body.
- the optical elements in which silicon oxide having a film thickness of 5 nm or more and a film density of 2.3 or more are formed on the resin molded body have reduced hue change at high temperature.
- the laminated substrate when the inorganic film is not laminated (Comparative Example 1) or when the inorganic film is as thin as 4 nm (Comparative Example 2), the laminated substrate (optical element) is accelerated in yellowing under high temperature conditions. I understand that. It can also be seen that if the film density is less than 2.3 g / cm 3 , ⁇ YI increases and cracks occur in the inorganic film (Comparative Example 3).
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Abstract
Description
このため、スパッタリング法によって樹脂成形体表面に光学薄膜を形成する方法が提案されている(特許文献1)。
(1)脂環構造含有重合体からなる樹脂成形体に、膜密度が2.3g/cm3以上、膜厚が5nm以上500nm以下の無機化合物からなる層が形成されてなる光学素子。
(2)前記無機化合物が、無機酸化物または無機窒化物である(1)に記載の光学素子。
(3)前記無機化合物が、二酸化ケイ素である(1)に記載の光学素子。
(4)前記無機化合物からなる層の酸素透過率が、10ml/(m2・day・atm)以下である(1)に記載の光学素子。
これらの中でも、ノルボルネン系重合体、環状共役ジエン重合体、ビニル脂環式炭化水素重合体、及びこれらの水素化物が好ましく、ノルボルネン系重合体、ビニル脂環式炭化水素重合体、及びこれらの水素化物がより好ましく、ノルボルネン系重合体の水素化物が特に好ましい。
ノルボルネン系重合体は、ノルボルネン骨格を有する単量体であるノルボルネン系単量体を重合してなるものであり、開環重合によって得られるものと、付加重合によって得られるものに大別される。
付加重合によって得られるものとしてノルボルネン系単量体の付加重合体及びノルボルネン系単量体とこれと共重合可能なその他の単量体との付加重合体などが挙げられる。これらの中でも、ノルボルネン系単量体の開環重合体水素化物が、耐熱性、機械的強度、防湿性などの観点から好ましい。
置換基としては、アルキル基、アルキレン基、ビニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アルキリデン基などが例示でき、上記ノルボルネン系単量体は、これらを2種以上有していてもよい。具体的には、8-メトキシカルボニル-テトラシクロ[4.4.0.12,5.17,10]ドデカ-3-エン、8-メチル-8-メトキシカルボニル-テトラシクロ[4.4.0.12,5.17,10]ドデカ-3-エン、8-エチリデン-テトラシクロ[4.4.0.12,5.17,10]ドデカ-3-エンなどが挙げられる。
これらのノルボルネン系単量体は、それぞれ単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いられる。
これらの、ノルボルネン系単量体と開環共重合可能な他の単量体は、それぞれ単独で、又は2種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。ノルボルネン系単量体とこれと開環共重合可能なその他の単量体とを開環共重合する場合は、開環重合体中のノルボルネン系単量体由来の構造単位と開環共重合可能なその他の単量体由来の構造単位との割合が、重量比で通常70:30~99:1、好ましくは80:20~99:1、より好ましくは90:10~99:1の範囲となるように適宜選択される。
ノルボルネン系単量体と付加共重合可能なその他の単量体は、それぞれ単独で、又は2種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
かかる配合剤としては、酸化防止剤、ゴム質重合体、その他の樹脂、紫外線吸収剤、帯電防止剤、スリップ剤、防曇剤、天然油、合成油、可塑剤、有機又は無機の充填剤、抗菌剤、消臭剤、脱臭剤等が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、酸化防止剤を含有させることが特に好ましい。酸化防止剤の配合割合は、前記脂環構造重合体100重量部に対して、通常0.01~5重量部、好ましくは0.01~1重量部の範囲である。
これらのその他の樹脂は、それぞれ単独で、あるいは2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。その他の樹脂の配合割合は、本発明の目的を損なわない範囲で適宜選択することができる。
これらの紫外線吸収剤及び耐候安定剤は、それぞれ単独で、あるいは2種以上組み合わせて用いることができる。
スパッタリング法によれば、脂環構造含重合体からなる樹脂成形体表面に、無機化合物からなる無機膜を積層形成することができる。
スパッタリング反応時に、チャンバー内に酸素ガスや窒素ガスを導入して材料を酸化物や窒化物にしながら膜形成を行うことを特徴とする。酸素や窒素は、アルゴンガスなどの不活性ガスに一定量を添加することによりチャンバー内に導入することができる。
例えば、高周波マグネトロンスパッタリング法を用いる場合、真空度は5×10-4~1.0×10-2torr、アルゴンガス流量10~40sccm、酸素ガス0~5sccmを導入し、高周波電力100~500W、という条件でスパッタリングすることで、膜の密度を高くすることができる。
本発明の光学素子が耐熱性に優れることは、本発明の光学素子を、125℃のオーブン中に500時間放置して、オーブンに入れる前と、放置後の光学素子の色差(△YI)を、公知の分光式色差計を用いて測定した場合、ΔYIが、0.1~5、好ましくは0.1~3であることから確認することができる。
特に、自動車に搭載するモニタ用途、センシング用途の光学素子、例えばバックモニター、アラウンドビュー・モニター、フロントサイド・モニター、電子ミラー、ナイトビュー、プリクラッシュ・セーフティ・システム、クルーズ・コントロール、レーンキーピング・アシスト、居眠り運転防止システム、標識認識などの車載用光学素子;屋外に設置される画像認識用光学素子で、例えば監視カメラ、インターホンなどの屋外用光学素子;としての使用が好ましい。
(膜厚、密度)
無機膜の膜厚及び密度は、脂環構造含有重合体からなる樹脂成形体表面に無機膜を積層した基板(光学素子)を用い、ブルカー社製、高分解能X線回折装置「D8 Discover」を用いて、X線反射率を測定(XRR測定)することにより求めた。
(酸素透過率)
面積50cm2のフィルム(脂環構造含有重合体からなる樹脂フィルム表面に無機膜を積層したフィルム)を、23℃、相対湿度65%に調整した後、酸素透過量測定装置(モダンコントロール社製、商品名「OX-TRAN 2/21MH」)を用いて、フィルム1m2当たりの酸素透過率(ml/(m2・day・atm))を測定した。
(耐熱性評価)
脂環構造含有重合体からなる樹脂成形体表面に無機膜を積層した基板(光学素子)の耐熱性は、このものを125℃のオーブン中に500時間放置して、オーブンに入れる前と、放置後の基板の色差(△YI)を、分光式色差計「SE-2000」(日本電色工業社製)を用いて測定することにより評価した。また、無機膜や樹脂成形体におけるクラックの有無を目視で観察して評価した。
脂環構造含有重合体として、ノルボルネン系開環重合体水素化物である「ZEONEX(登録商標) F52R」(日本ゼオン社製)を使用して、樹脂成形体を製造した。射出成型装置(ファナック社製「ROBOSHOT(登録商標) α100B」)を用いて成形し、厚さ3mm長さ65mm、幅65mmの板を得た。成形温度は、金型温度140℃、シリンダー温度280℃とした。
製造例1で得た樹脂成形体表面に、スパッタリング法にて酸化珪素層を形成した。
スパッタリングには、マグネトロンスパッタ装置(芝浦メカトロニクス社製、製品名「i-Miller CFS-4EP-LL」)を使用した。樹脂成形体表面の温度を常温にして、ターゲットには酸化珪素を用い、アルゴンガス20sccm、酸素ガス0.8sccmを導入して高周波電力400Wで10分間スパッタリングを実施した。真空度は5×10-4~1.0×10-2torrであった。スパッタリング膜の膜厚は124nm、膜密度は2.31g/cm3、酸素透過率は0.31ml/(m2・day・atm)であった。得られた積層基板の△YIは0.2であり、125℃で500時間放置した後の積層基板の△YIは1.5であった。また、無機膜及び樹脂成形体の何れにもクラックは観察されなかった。
スパッタ時間を5分とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして積層基板を得た。スパッタリング膜の膜厚は62nm、膜密度が2.31g/cm3、酸素透過率は1.73ml/(m2・day・atm)であった。得られた積層基板の△YIは0.2であり、125℃で500時間放置した後の積層基板の△YIは2.0であった。また、無機膜及び樹脂成形体の何れにもクラックは観察されなかった。
スパッタ時間を2.5分とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして積層基板を得た。スパッタリング膜の膜厚は31nm、膜密度が2.32g/cm3、酸素透過率は2.26ml/(m2・day・atm)であった。得られた積層基板の△YIは0.2であり、125℃で500時間放置した後の積層基板の△YIは2.1であった。また、無機膜及び樹脂成形体の何れにもクラックは観察されなかった。
スパッタ時間を1分とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして積層基板を得た。スパッタリング膜の膜厚は12nm、膜密度が2.30g/cm3、酸素透過率は2.63ml/(m2・day・atm)であった。得られた積層基板の△YIは0.2であり、125℃で500時間放置した後の積層基板の△YIは2.3であった。また、無機膜及び樹脂成形体の何れにもクラックは観察されなかった。
スパッタ時間を30秒とした以外は実施例1と同様にして積層基板を得た。スパッタリング膜の膜厚は6nm、膜密度が2.31g/cm3、酸素透過率は6.33ml/(m2・day・atm)であった。得られた積層基板の△YIは0.2であり、125℃で500時間放置した後の積層基板の△YIは2.9であった。また、無機膜及び樹脂成形体の何れにもクラックは観察されなかった。
樹脂成形体表面の温度を50℃にし、スパッタ時間を5分とした以外は実施例1と同様にして積層基板を得た。スパッタリング膜の膜厚は63nm、膜密度が2.40g/cm3、酸素透過率は1.25ml/(m2・day・atm)であった。得られた積層基板の△YIは0.2であり、125℃で500時間放置した後の積層基板の△YIは1.6であった。また、無機膜及び樹脂成形体の何れにもクラックは観察されなかった。
樹脂成形体表面の温度を80℃にし、スパッタ時間を5分とした以外は実施例1と同様にして積層基板を得た。スパッタリング膜の膜厚は58nm、膜密度が2.55g/cm3、酸素透過率は1.10ml/(m2・day・atm)であった。得られた積層基板の△YIは0.2であり、125℃で500時間放置した後の積層基板の△YIは1.8であった。また、無機膜及び樹脂成形体の何れにもクラックは観察されなかった。
樹脂成形体表面の温度を130℃にし、スパッタ時間を5分とした以外は実施例1と同様にして積層基板を得た。スパッタリング膜の膜厚は55nm、膜密度が2.70g/cm3、酸素透過率は0.81ml/(m2・day・atm)であった。得られた積層基板の△YIは0.2であり、125℃で500時間放置した後の積層基板の△YIは1.3であった。また、無機膜及び樹脂成形体の何れにもクラックは観察されなかった。
製造例1で得た樹脂成形体を125℃で500時間放置したところ、基板の△YIは23.7であった。無機膜及び樹脂成形体の何れにもクラックは観察されなかった。
スパッタ時間を20秒とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして積層基板を得た。スパッタリング膜の膜厚は4nm、膜密度が2.30g/cm3、酸素透過率は18.6ml/(m2・day・atm)であった。得られた積層基板の△YIは0.2であり、125℃で500時間放置した後の積層基板の△YIは6.9であった。無機膜及び樹脂成形体の何れにもクラックは観察されなかった。
製造例1で得た樹脂成形体表面に、真空蒸着法にて酸化珪素層を形成した。真空蒸着には、高周波誘導加熱式蒸着機を使用した。40℃に温度設定した冷却基盤にフィルムを固定後、真空容器を5×10-3Paまで減圧排気した。誘導加熱によりるつぼ内の酸化珪素を昇華させ、2×10-2Paでゲートを開口し30秒間製膜を行い、50nmのシリカ膜を得た。この膜の膜密度は2.21g/cm3、酸素透過率は35.2ml/(m2・day・atm)であった。得られた積層基板の△YIは0.2であり、125℃で500時間放置した後の積層基板の△YIは18.7であった。また、シリカ膜にクラックが発生した。
一方、無機膜を積層しない場合(比較例1)や、無機膜の膜厚が4nmと薄い場合(比較例2)には、積層基板(光学素子)は、高温条件で黄変が促進してしまうことがわかる。また、膜密度が2.3g/cm3未満であると、ΔYIが増大し、無機膜にクラックが発生してしまうことがわかる(比較例3)。
Claims (4)
- 脂環構造含有重合体からなる樹脂成形体に、膜密度が2.3g/cm3以上、膜厚が5nm以上500nm以下の無機化合物からなる層が形成されてなる光学素子。
- 前記無機化合物が、無機酸化物または無機窒化物である請求項1記載の光学素子。
- 前記無機化合物が、二酸化ケイ素である請求項1記載の光学素子。
- 前記無機化合物からなる層の酸素透過率が、10ml/(m2・day・atm)以下である請求項1に記載の光学素子。
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| CN105492931A (zh) | 2016-04-13 |
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