WO2015016362A1 - 感光性樹脂組成物 - Google Patents
感光性樹脂組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015016362A1 WO2015016362A1 PCT/JP2014/070400 JP2014070400W WO2015016362A1 WO 2015016362 A1 WO2015016362 A1 WO 2015016362A1 JP 2014070400 W JP2014070400 W JP 2014070400W WO 2015016362 A1 WO2015016362 A1 WO 2015016362A1
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- photosensitive resin
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- RLAAGLYHVAPVRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(C)NNC Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NNC RLAAGLYHVAPVRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
- C08F290/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated side groups
- C08F290/14—Polymers provided for in subclass C08G
- C08F290/144—Polymers containing more than one epoxy group per molecule
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
- C08F290/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated side groups
- C08F290/14—Polymers provided for in subclass C08G
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/14—Polycondensates modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G59/1433—Polycondensates modified by chemical after-treatment with organic low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G59/1438—Polycondensates modified by chemical after-treatment with organic low-molecular-weight compounds containing oxygen
- C08G59/1455—Monocarboxylic acids, anhydrides, halides, or low-molecular-weight esters thereof
- C08G59/1461—Unsaturated monoacids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
- C08L63/10—Epoxy resins modified by unsaturated compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/0275—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with dithiol or polysulfide compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/028—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with photosensitivity-increasing substances, e.g. photoinitiators
- G03F7/029—Inorganic compounds; Onium compounds; Organic compounds having hetero atoms other than oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/028—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with photosensitivity-increasing substances, e.g. photoinitiators
- G03F7/031—Organic compounds not covered by group G03F7/029
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/032—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
- G03F7/0388—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable with ethylenic or acetylenic bands in the side chains of the photopolymer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/22—Secondary treatment of printed circuits
- H05K3/28—Applying non-metallic protective coatings
- H05K3/285—Permanent coating compositions
- H05K3/287—Photosensitive compositions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/03—Use of materials for the substrate
- H05K1/0313—Organic insulating material
- H05K1/032—Organic insulating material consisting of one material
- H05K1/0346—Organic insulating material consisting of one material containing N
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photosensitive resin composition, a photosensitive element using the photosensitive resin composition, a permanent mask resist, and a printed wiring board including the permanent mask resist.
- permanent mask resist is formed on printed wiring boards.
- the permanent mask resist has a role of preventing corrosion of the conductor layer and maintaining electrical insulation between the conductor layers when the printed wiring board is used.
- permanent mask resists prevent solder from adhering to unnecessary portions of a conductor layer of a printed wiring board in a process of flip chip mounting, wire bonding mounting or the like of a semiconductor element on the printed wiring board via solder. It also has a role as a solder resist film.
- thermosetting resin composition in the production of printed wiring boards have been produced by screen printing using a thermosetting resin composition or by photographic methods using a photosensitive resin composition.
- a thermosetting resin paste is screen-printed and thermally cured to form a permanent mask resist (for example, Patent Document 1).
- JP 2003-198105 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-240930 JP 2010-235739 A JP 2011-133851 A
- the size of the hole diameter of the permanent mask resist and the pitch between the holes tend to become finer.
- a high-definition pattern having a hole diameter of 100 ⁇ m and an interval pitch between holes of 100 ⁇ m, or a hole diameter of 80 ⁇ m and an interval between holes of 80 ⁇ m is used. Therefore, for example, in flip chip mounting, there is a demand for a permanent mask resist that has excellent resist shape stability from the viewpoint of solder filling properties as well as improved resolution.
- the object of the present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and is excellent in curability at the bottom of the via opening, so that the occurrence of an undercut in which the bottom is removed and the lack of the top of the resist do not occur.
- the line width of the middle part (center part) and the deepest part (bottom part) of the pattern cross section does not increase with respect to the line width of the surface part.
- Photosensitive resin composition that can form a pattern with good resist shape and excellent resolution, photosensitive element using the photosensitive resin composition, permanent mask resist, and printed wiring comprising the permanent mask resist Is to provide a board.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention it was excellent in the miniaturization of electronic devices in recent years, and the formation stability of the finer hole diameter and the pitch between the holes due to higher performance, A photosensitive element capable of pattern formation, a permanent mask resist, and a printed wiring board including the permanent mask resist.
- the present invention provides the following photosensitive resin composition, photosensitive element, permanent mask resist, and printed wiring board.
- a photosensitive element comprising a support and a photosensitive layer using the photosensitive resin composition according to the above [1] on the support.
- a permanent mask resist formed by the photosensitive resin composition according to the above [1].
- a printed wiring board comprising the permanent mask resist according to [3].
- the photosensitivity that can form a pattern with excellent linearity of the pattern outline, excellent resist shape, and excellent resolution without occurrence of undercut that causes the bottom to be removed and lack of the upper part of the resist.
- a photosensitive resin composition according to an embodiment of the present invention includes (A) an acid-modified vinyl group-containing epoxy resin (hereinafter also referred to as “component (A)”).
- component (B) acylphosphine oxide photopolymerization initiator (hereinafter also referred to as “component (B)”), (C1) alkylaminobenzene derivative (hereinafter also referred to as “(C1) component”), (C2) pyrazoline Sensitizer or anthracene sensitizer (hereinafter also referred to as “component (C2)”), (C3) an imidazole photopolymerization initiator, an acridine photopolymerization initiator, and a titanocene photopolymerization initiator.
- component (B) acylphosphine oxide photopolymerization initiator
- component (C1) component) C1 alkylaminobenzene derivative
- component (C2) pyrazoline Sensitizer or anthracene sensitizer hereinafter also referred to as “component (C2)”
- component (C3) an imidazole photopolymerization initiator, an acridine photopolymer
- At least one photopolymerization initiator (hereinafter also referred to as “component (C3)”), (C4) a hindered phenol-based antioxidant, a quinone-based antioxidant, an amine-based antioxidant, a sulfur-based antioxidant, and Selected from at least one antioxidant selected from phosphorus-based antioxidants (hereinafter also referred to as “(C4) component”) and (C5) thiol group-containing compound (hereinafter also referred to as “(C5) component”).
- Photosensitive resin composition comprising at least one (C) additive (hereinafter also referred to as “(C) component”) and (D) a photopolymerizable compound (hereinafter also referred to as “(D) component”). It is.
- component a photopolymerization initiator
- the photosensitive resin composition of this embodiment contains an acid-modified vinyl group-containing epoxy resin as the component (A).
- the acid-modified vinyl group-containing epoxy resin is not particularly limited as long as the epoxy resin is modified with a vinyl group-containing organic acid.
- the epoxy resin (a) and the vinyl group-containing monocarboxylic acid (b) An epoxy resin (a ′) obtained by reacting is preferable, and an epoxy resin (a ′) obtained by reacting the epoxy resin (a ′) with a saturated or unsaturated group-containing polybasic acid anhydride (c). ') Is more preferred.
- the epoxy resin (a) is preferably at least one selected from epoxy resins having structural units represented by the following general formulas (I) to (V). The epoxy resin which has a structural unit shown by each general formula is demonstrated.
- Novolak type epoxy resin having the structural unit represented by the general formula (I) First, as an epoxy resin (a), the novolak-type epoxy resin which has a structural unit shown by the following general formula (I) is mentioned preferably, As an epoxy resin which has such a structural unit, the following general formula ( A novolak type epoxy resin represented by I ′) is preferred.
- R 11 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- Y 1 represents a glycidyl group.
- the content of the structural unit represented by the general formula (I) is preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and still more preferably. It is 95 mass% or more.
- R 11 ′ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- Y 1 ′ represents a hydrogen atom or a glycidyl group
- the molar ratio of the hydrogen atom to the glycidyl group is preferably 0: 100 to 30:70, more preferably 0: 100 to 10:90, and still more preferably 0: 100.
- at least one Y 1 ′ represents a glycidyl group.
- n1 represents an integer of 1 or more.
- the plurality of R 11 ′ may be the same or different, and the plurality of Y 1 ′ may be the same or different.
- N1 is an integer of 1 or more as described above, preferably 10 to 200, more preferably 30 to 150, and still more preferably 30 to 100.
- n1 is within the above range, there is a tendency that a resist pattern that is superior due to the balance of resist shape, resolution, heat resistance, adhesion, and electrical insulation is obtained.
- Preferred examples of the novolak type epoxy resin represented by the general formula (I ′) include a phenol novolak type epoxy resin and a cresol novolak type epoxy resin. These novolak-type epoxy resins can be obtained, for example, by reacting a phenol resin such as a phenol novolak resin or a cresol novolak resin with an epihalohydrin such as epichlorohydrin by a known method.
- Examples of the novolac type epoxy resin represented by the general formula (I ′) include YDCN-701, YDCN-702, YDCN-703, YDCN-704, YDCN-704L, YDPN-638, YDPN-602 (and above, NSSMC).
- epoxy resin having structural unit represented by general formula (II) As the epoxy resin (a), an epoxy resin having a structural unit represented by the following general formula (II) is preferably exemplified. As an epoxy resin having such a structural unit, for example, the following general formula (II ′) Preferred are the bisphenol A type epoxy resins and bisphenol F type epoxy resins shown.
- R 12 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- Y 2 represents a glycidyl group.
- the content of the structural unit represented by the general formula (II) is preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and further preferably 95% by mass. % Or more.
- R 12 ′ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- Y 2 ′ represents a hydrogen atom or a glycidyl group
- the molar ratio of the hydrogen atom to the glycidyl group is preferably 0: 100 to 30:70, more preferably 0: 100 to 10:90, and still more preferably 0: 100.
- at least one Y 2 ′ represents a glycidyl group.
- n2 represents an integer of 1 or more.
- the plurality of R 12 ′ may be the same or different, and when n2 is 2 or more, the plurality of Y 2 ′ may be the same or different.
- N2 is an integer of 1 or more as described above, preferably 10 to 100, more preferably 10 to 80, and still more preferably 15 to 60.
- n2 is within the above range, there is a tendency that a resist pattern that is superior in the balance of resist shape, resolution, adhesion, heat resistance, and electrical insulation is obtained.
- the bisphenol A type epoxy resin or bisphenol F type epoxy resin represented by the general formula (II ′) and Y 2 ′ is a glycidyl group is, for example, a bisphenol A type epoxy resin or bisphenol F represented by the following general formula (VII): It can be obtained by reacting a hydroxyl group of an epoxy resin with an epihalohydrin such as epichlorohydrin.
- R 12 and n2 are the same as described above.
- the amount of epihalohydrin used depends on the general formula (VII) considering that a resist pattern that is superior in the balance of resist shape, resolution, film strength, heat resistance, insulation reliability, thermal shock resistance, and resolution can be obtained.
- the amount is preferably 2 to 10 moles per mole of the hydroxyl group in the epoxy resin represented by
- a basic catalyst in the reaction between the epoxy resin represented by the general formula (VII) and epihalohydrin.
- the basic catalyst include alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydroxides, and the like, and alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide. Is more preferable from the viewpoint of catalytic activity.
- the amount used is preferably 0.9 to 2 moles relative to 1 mole of hydroxyl groups in the epoxy resin represented by the general formula (VII).
- examples of the organic solvent include alcohols such as methanol and ethanol; cellosolves such as methyl cellosolve and ethyl cellosolve; tetrahydrofuran It is preferable to use ethers such as dioxane; polar organic solvents such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, and dimethylsulfoxide. Among these, one kind can be used alone, or two or more kinds can be used in combination. From the viewpoint of polarity adjustment, two or more kinds are preferably used in combination.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 20 to 120 ° C., more preferably 50 to 120 ° C., and the reaction time is preferably 0.5 to 10 hours. When the reaction temperature and reaction time are within the above ranges, the reaction is unlikely to be slow and side reaction products are unlikely to occur.
- the unreacted epihalohydrin, the organic solvent, and the like are distilled off by distillation under heating and reduced pressure to obtain the epoxy resin represented by the general formula (II ′).
- the obtained epoxy resin can be dissolved again in an organic solvent, and a basic catalyst such as the above alkali metal hydroxide can be added and reacted.
- a phase transfer catalyst such as a quaternary ammonium salt or crown ether in the range of 0.1 to 3% by mass with respect to the epoxy resin.
- a high-purity epoxy resin can be obtained by removing salts generated after completion of the reaction by filtration, washing with water, and the like, and further distilling off the organic solvent and the like under heating and reduced pressure.
- Examples of the bisphenol A type epoxy resin or bisphenol F type epoxy resin represented by the general formula (II ′) include, for example, Epicoat 807, 815, 825, 827, 828, 834, 1001, 1004, 1007 and 1009 (above, Mitsubishi Chemical) (Trade name), DER-330, DER-301, DER-361 (above, manufactured by Dow Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name), YD-8125, YDF-170, YDF-175S, YDF-2001, YDF-2004, YDF-8170 (above, manufactured by Nippon Steel & Sumikin Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name) and the like are commercially available.
- epoxy resin having a structural unit represented by general formula (III) As the epoxy resin (a), an epoxy resin having a structural unit represented by the following general formula (III) is preferably exemplified. As an epoxy resin having such a structural unit, for example, the following general formula (III ′) The triphenolmethane type epoxy resin shown is preferable.
- Y 3 represents a hydrogen atom or a glycidyl group, and the molar ratio of the hydrogen atom to the glycidyl group is preferably 0: 100 to 30:70. As can be seen from the molar ratio of hydrogen atom to glycidyl group, at least one Y 3 represents a glycidyl group.
- n3 represents an integer of 1 or more. The plurality of Y 3 may be the same or different.
- N3 is an integer of 1 or more as described above, preferably 10 to 100, more preferably 15 to 80, and still more preferably 15 to 70.
- n3 is within the above range, a resist pattern that is superior in the balance of resist shape, resolution, heat resistance, adhesion, and electrical insulation can be obtained.
- the content of the structural unit represented by the general formula (III) is preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and further preferably 95% by mass. % Or more.
- triphenolmethane type epoxy resin represented by the general formula (III ′) for example, FAE-2500, EPPN-501H, EPPN-502H (above, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., trade name) are commercially available. It is available.
- R 13 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, a sulfonic group, or a trihalomethyl group
- Y 4 represents a hydrogen atom or a glycidyl group. At least one Y 4 represents a glycidyl group, and a plurality of R 13 may be the same or different.
- the alkyl group of R 13 preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group may be linear or branched and may be substituted with a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an amino group, an amide group, an alkoxy group, or the like.
- alkyl group examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, and a neopentyl group.
- a methyl group is more preferable.
- aryl group examples include a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a phenanthryl group, and the like, preferably an aryl group having 6 to 20 ring carbon atoms, more preferably an aryl group having 6 to 14 ring carbon atoms. It is.
- the aryl group may be substituted with a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an amino group, an amide group, an alkoxy group, or the like.
- the aralkyl group is not particularly limited as long as one of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group is substituted with the aryl group, and examples thereof include a benzyl group, a phenylethyl group, a phenylpropyl group, and a naphthylmethyl group. Is mentioned.
- the aralkyl group may be substituted with a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an amino group, an amide group, an alkoxy group, or the like.
- the content of the structural unit represented by the general formula (IV) is preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and still more preferably 95%. It is at least mass%. Within the above range, a resist pattern that is superior in the balance of resist shape, resolution, heat resistance, adhesion, and electrical insulation can be obtained.
- epoxy resin (a) include bisphenol novolac type epoxy resins having a structural unit represented by the following general formula (V).
- R 14 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, a sulfone group, or a trihalomethyl group
- Y 5 represents a hydrogen atom or a glycidyl group. At least one Y 5 represents a glycidyl group, and a plurality of R 14 may be the same or different. Examples of the alkyl group, aryl group, and aralkyl group for R 14 are the same as those described for R 13 , and preferred embodiments are also the same.
- the content of the structural unit represented by the general formula (V) is preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and further preferably 95% by mass. % Or more.
- a resist pattern that is superior in the balance of resist shape, resolution, heat resistance, adhesion, and electrical insulation can be obtained.
- the bisphenol novolac type epoxy resin having the structural units represented by the general formulas (IV) and (V) includes, for example, a hydroxyl group of the bisphenol novolac resin represented by the following general formulas (VIII) and (IX) and an epihalohydrin such as epichlorohydrin. Can be obtained by reacting.
- R 13 is the same as R 13 in the above the general formula (IV), in the general formula (IX), R 14 is a R 14 in the general formula (V) The same.
- the bisphenol novolac resin having the structural units represented by the general formulas (VIII) and (IX) is preferably a molecular structure of, for example, a bisphenol compound and an aldehyde compound or a ketone compound, and an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. It can be obtained by reacting in the presence of sulfonic acid contained therein.
- the bisphenol compound is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound having two hydroxyphenyl groups.
- bisphenol A, bisphenol AP, bisphenol AF, bisphenol B, bisphenol BP, bisphenol C, bisphenol E, bisphenol F, Bisphenol G, bisphenol M, bisphenol S, bisphenol P, bisphenol TMC, bisphenol Z and the like are preferred, and bisphenol A and bisphenol F are more preferred.
- aldehyde compound to be reacted with the bisphenol compound include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, 4-methylbenzaldehyde, 3,4-dimethylbenzaldehyde, biphenylaldehyde, naphthylaldehyde, and the like, and examples of the ketone compound include benzophenone, fluorenone, Indanone and the like are preferred. Among these, formaldehyde is preferable.
- Examples of the sulfonic acid having an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the molecular structure include alkane sulfonic acids such as methane sulfonic acid, ethane sulfonic acid, propane sulfonic acid and butane sulfonic acid, and perfluoro having a fluorine atom in the alkane portion.
- alkane sulfonic acids such as methane sulfonic acid, ethane sulfonic acid, propane sulfonic acid and butane sulfonic acid, and perfluoro having a fluorine atom in the alkane portion.
- Preferred examples include alkanesulfonic acid.
- the bisphenol novolac type epoxy resin having the structural units represented by the general formulas (IV) and (V) is preferably obtained as follows.
- the above bisphenol compound and aldehyde compound or ketone compound are charged into a reaction vessel, and sulfonic acid is added continuously or intermittently so as to maintain the range of 20 to 200 ° C. while stirring in an inert gas atmosphere.
- a bisphenol compound is reacted with an aldehyde compound or a ketone compound to obtain a crude bisphenol novolac resin.
- the crude bisphenol novolak resin is extracted with a water-insoluble organic solvent to obtain a bisphenol novolak resin solution, which is washed with water and neutralized, and further, the water-insoluble organic solvent is distilled off to obtain a bisphenol novolak-type epoxy. A resin is obtained.
- the water-insoluble organic solvent those having a boiling point of 100 to 130 ° C. are preferable from the viewpoint of improving the working efficiency of extraction, washing and neutralization.
- Preferred examples of the water-insoluble organic solvent include butanol, pentyl alcohol, methoxyethanol, ethoxyethanol, diethylene glycol, and methyl isobutyl ketone. Among these, butanol, methoxyethanol, and methyl isobutyl ketone are more preferable, and methyl isobutyl is preferable. More preferred are ketones.
- the above water washing is performed until the crude bisphenol novolak resin solution has a pH of 3 to 7, more preferably pH 5 to 7, and a basic substance such as sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, ammonia, triethylenetetramine is used as necessary. May be neutralized.
- the distillation is preferably performed by distillation under reduced pressure under conditions of, for example, a temperature of 170 to 200 ° C. and a pressure of 3 kPa or less.
- a bisphenol novolac resin having a high purity can be obtained by performing such a condition. .
- the epoxy resin (a) is a novolac type epoxy resin having a structural unit represented by the general formula (I) and a general formula (II) from the viewpoint of excellent process tolerance and improved solvent resistance.
- An epoxy resin having a structural unit and a bisphenol novolac type epoxy resin having a structural unit represented by the general formula (IV) are preferable, and a novolac type epoxy resin represented by the general formula (I ′) is represented by the general formula (II ′).
- Bisphenol A type epoxy resin or bisphenol F type epoxy resin, and bisphenol novolac A type epoxy resin or bisphenol F type epoxy resin having a structural unit represented by the general formula (IV) are more preferable.
- an epoxy resin having a structural unit represented by the general formula (IV) and a structural unit represented by the general formula (V) It is preferable to use together with the epoxy resin which has.
- Vinyl group-containing monocarboxylic acid (b) examples include acrylic acid, a dimer of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ⁇ -furfurylacrylic acid, ⁇ -styrylacrylic acid.
- Preferable examples include a half-ester compound which is a reaction product of an ester and a dibasic acid anhydride.
- the half ester compound is obtained by reacting a hydroxyl group-containing acrylate, a vinyl group-containing monoglycidyl ether or a vinyl group-containing monoglycidyl ester with a dibasic acid anhydride in an equimolar ratio.
- vinyl group-containing monocarboxylic acids (b) can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the hydroxyl group-containing acrylate, vinyl group-containing monoglycidyl ether, and vinyl group-containing monoglycidyl ester used in the synthesis of the half ester compound as an example of the vinyl group-containing monocarboxylic acid (b) include hydroxyethyl (meth) Acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane di (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta (meth) Preferred examples include acrylate, vinyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl (meth) acrylate and the like.
- dibasic acid anhydride used for the synthesis of the above half ester compound one containing a saturated group or one containing an unsaturated group can be used.
- dibasic acid anhydrides include succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, ethyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride.
- the vinyl group-containing monocarboxylic acid (b) is 0.6 to 0.6 to 1 equivalent of the epoxy group of the epoxy resin (a).
- the reaction is preferably performed at a ratio of 1.05 equivalents, more preferably at a ratio of 0.8 to 1.0 equivalents, and further at a ratio of 0.9 to 1.0 equivalents. preferable. By reacting at such a ratio, the photopolymerizability is improved and the photosensitivity is further improved.
- the reaction between the epoxy resin (a) and the vinyl group-containing monocarboxylic acid (b) can be performed by dissolving the epoxy resin (a) and the vinyl group-containing monocarboxylic acid (b) in an organic solvent.
- organic solvent include ketones such as ethyl methyl ketone and cyclohexanone; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene and tetramethylbenzene; methyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, methyl carbitol, butyl carbitol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, Glycol ethers such as dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol diethyl ether and triethylene glycol monoethyl ether; esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, butyl cellosolve acetate and carbitol acetate; aliphatic carbonization such as octane and decan
- a catalyst in order to promote the reaction.
- Preferred examples of the catalyst include triethylamine, benzylmethylamine, methyltriethylammonium chloride, benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, benzyltrimethylammonium bromide, benzyltrimethylmethylammonium iodide, and triphenylphosphine.
- the amount of the catalyst used is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass in total of the epoxy resin (a) and the vinyl group-containing monocarboxylic acid (b). The amount used is preferable because the reaction between the epoxy resin (a) and the vinyl group-containing monocarboxylic acid (b) is promoted.
- a polymerization inhibitor for the purpose of preventing polymerization during the reaction.
- Preferred examples of the polymerization inhibitor include hydroquinone, methyl hydroquinone, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, catechol, pyrogallol and the like.
- the amount of the polymerization inhibitor used is preferably 0.01 to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass in total of the epoxy resin (a) and the vinyl group-containing monocarboxylic acid (b). The amount used is preferable because the storage stability (shelf life) of the composition is improved.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 60 to 150 ° C., more preferably 80 to 120 ° C.
- a vinyl group-containing monocarboxylic acid (b) and a phenolic compound such as p-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, benzophenonetetracarboxylic anhydride, biphenyltetracarboxylic acid
- a polybasic acid anhydride such as an anhydride can be used in combination.
- the epoxy resin (a ′) thus obtained has a hydroxyl group formed by an addition reaction between the epoxy group of the epoxy resin (a) and the carboxyl group of the vinyl group-containing monocarboxylic acid (b). It is guessed.
- polybasic acid anhydride (c) those containing a saturated group and those containing an unsaturated group can be preferably used.
- Specific examples of the polybasic acid anhydride (c) include succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, ethyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, methylhexa
- Preferred examples include hydrophthalic anhydride, ethylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, itaconic anhydride and the like.
- the polybasic acid anhydride (c) is added in an amount of 0.1 to 1. By reacting with 0 equivalent, the acid value of the acid-modified vinyl group-containing epoxy resin can be adjusted.
- the acid value of the acid-modified vinyl group-containing epoxy resin is preferably 30 to 150 mgKOH / g, more preferably 40 to 120 mgKOH / g, and further preferably 50 to 100 mgKOH / g.
- the acid value is 30 mgKOH / g or more, the solubility of the photosensitive resin composition in a dilute alkali solution is unlikely to decrease, and when it is 150 mgKOH / g or less, the electrical characteristics of the cured film are unlikely to decrease.
- the reaction temperature between the epoxy resin (a ′) and the polybasic acid anhydride (c) is preferably 60 to 120 ° C.
- epoxy resin (a) for example, a hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resin can be partially used together.
- acid-modified vinyl group-containing epoxy resin (A) a styrene-maleic acid-based resin such as a hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate modified product of a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer may be used in combination.
- the weight average molecular weight of the acid-modified vinyl group-containing epoxy resin is preferably 3000 to 30000, more preferably 4000 to 25000, and still more preferably 5000 to 18000.
- the weight average molecular weight of the component (A) is within the above range, a pattern excellent in balance of resist shape, resolution, heat resistance, adhesion, and electrical insulation can be obtained.
- the weight average molecular weight is a polyethylene-converted weight average molecular weight measured by a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) method using tetrahydrofuran as a solvent.
- a value measured by the following GPC measurement apparatus and measurement conditions and converted using a standard polystyrene calibration curve can be used as the weight average molecular weight.
- the calibration curve is prepared by using 5 sample sets (“PStQuick MP-H” and “PStQuick B”, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) as standard polystyrene.
- GPC measuring device GPC apparatus: High-speed GPC apparatus “HLC-8320GPC”, detector is a differential refractometer, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation Column: column TSKgel SuperMultipore HZ-H (column length: 15 cm, column inner diameter: 4.6 mm), Tosoh Corporation ) Made (measurement conditions) Solvent: Tetrahydrofuran (THF) Measurement temperature: 40 ° C Flow rate: 0.35 ml / min Sample concentration: 10 mg / THF 5 ml Injection volume: 20 ⁇ l
- An epoxy resin having a structural unit represented by formula (II), preferably a bisphenol A type epoxy resin and a bisphenol F type epoxy resin represented by formula (II ′), and a vinyl group-containing monocarboxylic acid (b) are reacted.
- Epoxy resin (a ′′) is more preferable.
- epoxy resins (a ′) and (a ′′) can be used singly or in combination of two or more, and are preferably used in combination of plural kinds.
- Two types of combinations with epoxy resin (a ′) or (a ′′) obtained from F-type epoxy resin are preferred, and epoxy resin (a ′′ obtained from novolac type epoxy resin represented by general formula (I ′)
- an epoxy resin (a ′′) obtained from a bisphenol A type epoxy resin and a bisphenol F type epoxy resin represented by the general formula (II ′) are more preferable.
- the mass mixing ratio with the epoxy resin (a ′) or (a ′′) obtained from is preferably 95: 5 to 30:70, more preferably 90:10 to 40:60, and 80:20 to 45:55. Is more preferable.
- the epoxy resin (a ') obtained from the bisphenol novolak-type epoxy resin which has a structural unit shown by general formula (IV), or (a '') And an epoxy resin (a ′) or (a ′′) obtained from a bisphenol A type epoxy resin and a bisphenol F type epoxy resin represented by the general formula (II ′) are preferable,
- An epoxy resin (a ′′) obtained from a bisphenol novolac A type epoxy resin or a bisphenol F type epoxy resin having a structural unit represented by the formula (IV), a bisphenol A type epoxy resin represented by the general formula (II ′), and Two combinations with an epoxy resin (a ′′) obtained from a bisphenol F-type epoxy resin are more preferable.
- the mass mixing ratio with the epoxy resin (a ′) or (a ′′) obtained from the type epoxy resin is preferably 90:10 to 30:70, more preferably 80:20 to 40:60, and 70:30 to 50:50 is more preferable.
- the content of the component (A) in which the total solid content in the photosensitive resin composition is 100 parts by mass is preferably 20 to 80 parts by mass, more preferably 30 to 75 parts by mass, and even more preferably 40 to 75 parts by mass.
- the total amount of solid content in the present embodiment is the total amount of solid content contained in the components (A) to (F).
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present embodiment includes the components (A) to (D)
- the total amount of solids contained in the components (A) to (D) is the photosensitive property of the present embodiment.
- the total amount of solids contained in the components (A) to (E) is the same as that of the photosensitive resin composition of the present embodiment.
- the component (F) is included, the total amount of solids contained in the components (A) to (F) is the total amount of solids.
- the photosensitive resin composition of this embodiment contains an acylphosphine oxide photopolymerization initiator as the component (B).
- the (B) acylphosphine oxide photopolymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it is a photopolymerization initiator having an acylphosphine oxide group ( ⁇ P ( ⁇ O) —C ( ⁇ O) — group).
- 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl) -2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-pentylphosphine oxide bis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) -phenylphosphine oxide, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, ethyl -2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphenyl phosphinate, bis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) -phenylphosphine oxide, (2,5-dihydroxyphenyl) diphenylphosphine oxide, (p-hydroxyphenyl) diphenylphosphine Oxide, bis (p-hi Rokishifeniru) phenylphosphine oxide, and tris (p- hydroxyphenyl) phosphine oxide, and the like preferably can be used in combination either singly or in combination.
- the content of the (B) acylphosphine oxide-based photopolymerization initiator is preferably 0.2 to 15 parts by mass with the total solid content in the photosensitive resin composition being 100 parts by mass.
- the content of the (B) photopolymerization initiator is more preferably 0.2 to 10 parts by mass, further preferably 0.2 to 5 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by mass.
- 0.5 to 3 parts by mass is very preferable.
- photopolymerization initiation aids such as tertiary amines such as N, N-dimethylaminobenzoic acid ethyl ester, N, N-dimethylaminobenzoic acid isoamyl ester, pentyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate, triethylamine, and triethanolamine Can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present embodiment includes (C1) an alkylaminobenzene derivative, (C2) a pyrazoline sensitizer or anthracene sensitizer, (C3) an imidazole photopolymerization initiator, At least one photopolymerization initiator selected from acridine photopolymerization initiator and titanocene photopolymerization initiator, (C4) hindered phenol antioxidant, quinone antioxidant, amine antioxidant, sulfur It contains at least one antioxidant selected from an antioxidant and a phosphorus-based antioxidant, and at least one selected from (C5) thiol group-containing compounds.
- an acylphosphine oxide photopolymerization initiator By using these additives in combination with (B) an acylphosphine oxide photopolymerization initiator, a photosensitive resin capable of forming a pattern having excellent linearity of the pattern outline, excellent resist shape, and excellent resolution. A composition can be obtained.
- the (C1) alkylaminobenzene derivative is not particularly limited as long as it has an alkylamino group in the benzene ring, and functions effectively as a hydrogen donor, and further improves the photosensitivity and aging stability of the photosensitive resin composition. It can be improved.
- the hydrogen donor means a compound that can donate a hydrogen atom to a radical generated by the exposure treatment of the photopolymerization initiator.
- the combination of the (B) acylphosphine oxide photopolymerization initiator and the (C1) alkylaminobenzene derivative as a hydrogen donor has a particularly good pattern contour linearity and a resist shape. It is effective in that a pattern having excellent and excellent resolution can be formed.
- Preferred examples of (C1) alkylaminobenzene derivatives include phenylglycine derivatives, aminobenzoic acid derivatives, aminobenzoic acid ester derivatives, and the like.
- Preferable examples of the phenylglycine derivative include N-phenylglycine, N, N-diphenylglycine, N-naphthylglycine and the like.
- Preferred examples of the aminobenzoic acid derivative include 2-methylaminobenzoic acid and 2-ethylaminobenzoic acid.
- aminobenzoic acid ester derivative ethyl N, N-dimethylaminobenzoate, ethyl N, N-diethylaminobenzoate, isoamyl N, N-dimethylaminobenzoate, isoamyl N, N-diethylaminobenzoate and the like are preferable.
- aminobenzoic acid ester derivative ethyl N, N-dimethylaminobenzoate, ethyl N, N-diethylaminobenzoate, isoamyl N, N-dimethylaminobenzoate, isoamyl N, N-diethylaminobenzoate and the like are preferable.
- aminobenzoic acid ester derivative ethyl N, N-dimethylaminobenzoate, ethyl N, N-diethylaminobenzoate, isoamyl N, N-dimethylaminobenzoate, isoamyl
- an aromatic amine compound having an alkylamino group may be used.
- Specific examples include, for example, dialkyldiphenylamines having an alkyl group having 8 to 14 carbon atoms, octylated diphenylamine, 4,4′-bis ( ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl) diphenylamine, N-phenyl-N′-isopropyl- p-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-N ′-(1,3-dimethylbutyl) -p-phenylenediamine, and N-phenyl-N ′-(3-methacryloyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl) -p-phenylenediamine Etc. are preferable.
- these (C1) alkylaminobenzene derivatives N-phenylglycine, 2-methylaminobenzoic acid, and ethyl N, N-diethylaminobenzoate are preferable.
- (C1) alkylaminobenzene derivatives can be used singly or in combination of two or more. Moreover, you may use an aliphatic amine compound simultaneously with said alkylaminobenzene derivative. Specific examples include, for example, triethanolamine, triethylamine and the like.
- the total content of the solid content in the photosensitive resin composition is 100 parts by mass.
- the content of the (C1) alkylaminobenzene derivative is preferably 0.01-5 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1-3 parts by mass, and 0 2 to 1.5 parts by mass is more preferable, and 0.2 to 1.0 part by mass is particularly preferable. If the content is 0.1 parts by mass or more, the solution of the photosensitive resin composition is difficult to gel, and if it is 5 parts by mass or less, the photosensitivity is unlikely to decrease.
- the component (C2) is a pyrazoline sensitizer or an anthracene sensitizer.
- C2 By adding a pyrazoline-based sensitizer, even in digital exposure, there is no occurrence of undercut that causes the bottom to be removed, and there is no loss of the upper part of the resist. And a photosensitive resin composition capable of forming a pattern with excellent resolution can be obtained.
- the pyrazoline sensitizer is not particularly limited as long as it is a sensitizer having a pyrazole ring, but a pyrazoline sensitizer represented by the following general formula (VI) is preferable.
- R represents an alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms
- a, b and c each represents an integer of 0 to 2
- the sum of a, b and c is 1 to 6.
- a plurality of R in the same molecule may be the same or different.
- the alkyl group of R may be linear or branched, and may be substituted with a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an amino group, an amide group, an alkoxy group, or the like.
- R is preferably an alkyl group having 4, 8, and 12 carbon atoms, and more specifically, an n-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a tert-octyl group, and an n-dodecyl group are preferable. It is preferable that they are the same or different selected from.
- Examples of such pyrazoline sensitizers include 1- (4-tert-butyl-phenyl) -3-styryl-5-phenyl-pyrazoline, 1-phenyl-3- (4-tert-butyl-styryl) -5.
- the total amount of solid content in the photosensitive resin composition is 100 parts by mass.
- the content of the (C2) pyrazoline-based sensitizer is preferably 0.01 to 10.0 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by mass. Preferably, 0.02 to 1 part by mass is more preferable, 0.03 to 0.5 part by mass is particularly preferable, and 0.03 to 0.2 part by mass is extremely preferable. (C2) If the content of the pyrazoline sensitizer is 0.01 parts by mass or more, the exposed part is less likely to elute during development, and if it is 10 parts by mass or less, a decrease in heat resistance can be suppressed. .
- (C2) anthracene sensitizer it is preferable to add (C2) anthracene sensitizer to the photosensitive resin composition of this embodiment.
- the (C2) anthracene-based sensitizer used in the photosensitive resin composition of the present embodiment can form a pattern having excellent resist shape and excellent resolution by improving photocurability.
- the (C2) anthracene sensitizer for example, a compound represented by the following general formula (XI) is preferably exemplified.
- l 11 is an integer of 1 to 10
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group and the alkenyl group may be linear or branched, and may be substituted with a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an amino group, an amide group, an alkoxy group, or the like.
- a plurality of R 3 and R 4 may be the same or different.
- X is a single bond, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, carbonyl group, sulfonyl group, —N (R ′) — group, —C ( ⁇ O) —O— group, —C ( ⁇ O) —S— group, — SO 2 —O— group, —SO 2 —S— group, —SO 2 —N (R ′) — group, —O—CO— group, —S—C ( ⁇ O) — group, —O—SO 2 -Group or -S-SO 2 -group.
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom (that is, unsubstituted anthracene) is excluded.
- R 4 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group. 4 may be bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure.
- the cyclic structure may contain a hetero atom.
- the alkyl group or alkenyl group may be linear or branched, and may be a halogen atom or alkyl group.
- Examples of the alicyclic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms in R 3 and R 4 include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, and a cyclohexyl group, for example, a norbornyl group, a tricyclodecanyl group, and a tetracyclododecyl group.
- Preferred examples include a bridged alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms such as a group, an adamantyl group, a methyladamantyl group, an ethyladamantyl group, and a butyladamantyl group.
- Preferred examples of the aryl group include those exemplified as the aryl group for R 13 , and examples of the heteroaryl group include a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, etc. Preferred are those obtained by substituting with a heteroatom.
- R 3 and R 4 are hydrogen atom, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, i-propyl group, n-butyl group, t-butyl group, n-pentyl group, n Preferred examples include -hexyl group, n-heptyl group, n-octyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, camphoyl group, norbornyl group, p-toluyl group, benzyl group, phenyl group and 1-naphthyl group.
- Examples of the (C2) anthracene sensitizer represented by the above general formula (XI) include 1-methylanthracene, 2-methylanthracene, 2-ethylanthracene, 2-t-butylanthracene, 9- Alkylanthracenes such as methylanthracene; dialkylanthracenes such as 9,10-dimethylanthracene, 9,10-dipropylanthracene, 9,10-dibutylanthracene; 9- (hydroxymethyl) anthracene, 9- (2-hydroxyethyl) anthracene Hydroxyalkylanthracenes such as 9,10-diethoxyanthracene, 9,10-dipropoxyanthracene, 9,10-dibutoxyanthracene, 9,10-di (2-ethylhexyloxy) anthracene and the like; 9- Bini Anthracene such as anthracene and 9-allyl anthracene;
- diphenylanthracene, dialkylanthracene, and dialkoxyanthracene are preferable, and 9,10-dimethylanthracene, 9,10-diphenylanthracene, 9,10-diethoxyanthracene, 9,10-dipropoxyanthracene, 9, More preferred are 10-dibutoxyanthracene and 9,10-di (2-ethylhexyloxy) anthracene, 9,10-diethoxyanthracene, 9,10-dipropoxyanthracene, 9,10-dibutoxyanthracene, and 9, More preferred is 9,10-dialkoxyanthracene such as 10-di (2-ethylhexyloxy) anthracene.
- a photosensitive resin composition having photosensitivity particularly to radiation having a wavelength of 300 to 450 nm can be obtained, and photocurability can be improved. And a pattern with excellent resolution can be formed.
- the content of the (C2) anthracene sensitizer with the total solid content in the photosensitive resin composition being 100 parts by mass is preferably 0.001 to 10 parts by mass.
- the content of the (C2) anthracene sensitizer is more preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by mass, further preferably 0.03 to 3 parts by mass, and 0.1 to 1.5 parts by mass. Particularly preferred.
- the content of (C2) anthracene sensitizer with respect to 100 parts by mass of (A) acid-modified vinyl group-containing epoxy resin is preferably 0.001 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by mass. 0.03 to 3 parts by mass is more preferable.
- the component (C3) is at least one photopolymerization initiator selected from an imidazole photopolymerization initiator, an acridine photopolymerization initiator, and a titanocene photopolymerization initiator.
- the combination of the (B) acylphosphine oxide photopolymerizable initiator and the component (C3) in particular, has good pattern contour linearity, excellent resist shape, and excellent resolution. This is effective in forming a different pattern.
- the imidazole photopolymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it is a photopolymerization initiator having an imidazole ring in the molecule, but 2,2′-bis (o-chlorophenyl) -4,5,4 ′, 5 ′.
- the two 2,4,5-triarylimidazoles constituting the dimer have the same structure, they have different structures. You may have. That is, the type of triaryl group in the 2,4,5-triarylimidazole dimer may be the same or different.
- Examples of such a 2,4,5-triarylimidazole dimer include 2,2′-bis (o-chlorophenyl) -4,5,4 ′, 5′-tetraphenyl-1,2′- Biimidazole, 2- (o-chlorophenyl) -4,5-diphenylimidazole dimer, 2,2′-bis (o-chlorophenyl) -4,4 ′, 5,5′-tetra (p-chlorophenyl) imidazole Dimer, 2- (o-chlorophenyl) -4,5-di (m-methoxyphenyl) imidazole dimer, 2,2′-bis (o-chlorophenyl) -4,4 ′, 5,5′- Tetra (p-fluorophenyl) imidazole dimer, 2,2′-bis (o-bromophenyl) -4,4 ′, 5,5′-tetra (p-chlorop-methoxypheny
- the aryl group further includes a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and an aryl having 6 to 14 carbon atoms.
- the acridine photopolymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it is a photopolymerization initiator having an acridine ring in the molecule, but 1,4-butylenebis- ⁇ - (acridin-9-yl) acrylate, p-xylylenebis [ ⁇ - (acridin-9-yl) acrylate], triethylene glycol bis [ ⁇ - (acridin-9-yl) acrylate, 9-phenylacridine, 1,7-bis (9,9′-acridinyl) heptane, etc. are preferable Can be mentioned.
- the titanocene photopolymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it is a photopolymerization initiator of a metallocene compound having titanium as a metal, but bis ( ⁇ 5 -cyclopentadienyl) -bis (2,6-difluoro-3 Preferred examples include-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl) phenyl) titanium, bis (2,4-cyclopentadienyl) -bis (2,6-difluoro-3- (1-pyryl) phenyl) titanium, and the like. These photoinitiators can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the total content of the solid content in the photosensitive resin composition is 100 parts by mass.
- the content of the (C3) photopolymerization initiator is preferably 0.01 to 15 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by mass.
- the content is more preferably 01 to 3.5 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 0.02 to 1.0 parts by mass.
- the content is 0.01 parts by mass or more, the solution of the photosensitive resin composition is hardly gelled, and when the content is 15 parts by mass or less, the photosensitivity is hardly lowered, which is preferable.
- the total content of (B) acylphosphine oxide-based photopolymerization initiator and (C3) photopolymerization initiator in which the total solid content in the photosensitive resin composition is 100 parts by mass is preferably 0.2 to 15 parts by mass. It is. When the amount is 0.2 parts by mass or more, the exposed portion is hardly eluted during development, and when the amount is 15 parts by mass or less, the heat resistance is not easily lowered. For the same reason, the total content of (B) the photopolymerization initiator and (C3) the photopolymerization initiator is more preferably 0.2 to 10 parts by mass, and further preferably 0.2 to 5 parts by mass. 0.5 to 5 parts by mass is particularly preferred, and 0.5 to 3 parts by mass is very particularly preferred.
- the mass ratio of the (B) acylphosphine oxide photopolymerization initiator to the (C3) photopolymerization initiator is preferably 100: 0.5 to 100: 8, more preferably 100: 1 to 100: 6. 100: 1 to 100: 5 is more preferable. A mass ratio within the above range is preferable because the resist shape is excellent and bottom curability and via hole diameter accuracy tend to be improved.
- the component (C4) is at least one antioxidant selected from a hindered phenol antioxidant, a quinone antioxidant, an amine antioxidant, a sulfur antioxidant, and a phosphorus antioxidant.
- quinone antioxidants such as hydroquinone, 2-t-butylhydroquinone, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, metaquinone, and benzoquinone. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Can be used in combination. These antioxidants having a phenolic hydroxyl group can be expected to capture peroxy radicals (ROO.), Alkyl radicals (R.), and the like.
- Amine-based antioxidants include phenylnaphthylamine, 4,4′-dimethoxydiphenylamine, 4,4′-bis ( ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl) diphenylamine, di-t-butyldiphenylamine, N, N′-di (octyl).
- the amine-based antioxidant can be expected to capture peroxy radicals (ROO.).
- Phosphorous antioxidants include triphenyl phosphite, tris (methylphenyl) phosphite, triisooctyl phosphite, tridecyl phosphite, tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphite, tris (nonylphenyl) phosphite, tris (Octylphenyl) phosphite, tris [decylpoly (oxyethylene) phosphite, tris (cyclohexylphenyl) phosphite, tricyclohexylphosphite, tri (decyl) thiophosphite, triisodecylthiophosphite, phenyl-bis (2 -Ethylhexyl) phosphite, phenyl-diisodecyl phosphite, tetradecyl poly
- sulfur-based antioxidants and phosphorus-based antioxidants As a sulfur-based antioxidant and a phosphorus-based antioxidant, an effect of decomposing peroxide can be expected.
- Commercially available products of sulfur-based antioxidants and phosphorus-based antioxidants include, for example, ADK STAB TPP (trade name, manufactured by ADEKA Corporation), Mark AO-412S (trade name, manufactured by ADEKA Corporation), Sumilyzer TPS ( And commercial products such as Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name).
- (C4) a combination of a hindered phenolic antioxidant, a sulfurous antioxidant, a phosphorous antioxidant, etc. as the antioxidant can improve the resist shape. And particularly preferable in terms of obtaining excellent solder heat resistance and flux corrosion resistance.
- the total content of the solid content in the photosensitive resin composition is 100 parts by mass (C4)
- the content of the antioxidant is preferably 0.2 to 15 parts by mass. When the amount is 0.2 parts by mass or more, the exposed portion is hardly eluted during development, and when the amount is 15 parts by mass or less, the heat resistance is not easily lowered.
- the content of the (C4) antioxidant is more preferably 0.2 to 10 parts by mass, further preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 3 parts by mass. .
- the component (C5) is a thiol group-containing compound, and the thiol group-containing compound functions effectively as a hydrogen donor and is considered to have an effect of further improving the photosensitivity and aging stability of the photosensitive resin composition. It is done.
- Examples of (C5) thiol group-containing compounds include mercaptobenzoxazole, mercaptobenzothiazole, mercaptobenzimidazole, ethanethiol, benzenethiol, mercaptophenol, mercaptotoluene, 2-mercaptoethylamine, mercaptoethyl alcohol, mercaptoxylene, thiolenol.
- (C5) thiol group-containing compounds can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- mercaptobenzoxazole, mercaptobenzothiazole and mercaptobenzimidazole are preferable, and mercaptobenzoimidazole is more preferable from the viewpoint of effectively functioning as a hydrogen donor and further improving the sensitivity and aging stability of the photosensitive resin composition.
- Benzimidazole is more preferable from the viewpoint of effectively functioning as a hydrogen donor and further improving the sensitivity and aging stability of the photosensitive resin composition.
- the content of the (C5) thiol group-containing compound in the photosensitive resin composition is based on the total solid content of the photosensitive resin composition from the viewpoint of obtaining a photosensitive resin composition that can form a pattern with excellent resolution. Is preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 3 parts by mass, and still more preferably 0.2 to 1.5 parts by mass. (C5) If the content of the thiol group-containing compound is 0.01 parts by mass or more, the solution of the photosensitive resin composition tends to be difficult to gel, and if it is 5 parts by mass or less, a decrease in sensitivity is suppressed. Can do.
- the photosensitive resin composition of this embodiment contains a photopolymerizable compound as component (D).
- the photopolymerizable compound is not particularly limited as long as it has a photopolymerizable functional group.
- a vinyl group for example, a vinyl group, an allyl group, a propargyl group, a butenyl group, an ethynyl group, a phenylethynyl group, a maleimide group ,
- a compound having an ethylene oxide unsaturated group such as a nadiimide group or a (meth) acryloyl group is preferred, and a compound having a (meth) acryloyl group is more preferred from the viewpoint of reactivity.
- Examples of the photopolymerizable compound include hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate and 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate; ethylene glycol, methoxytetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and the like Mono- or di (meth) acrylates of glycols; (meth) acrylamides such as N, N-dimethyl (meth) acrylamide and N-methylol (meth) acrylamide; N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate and the like Aminoalkyl (meth) acrylates; polyhydric alcohols such as hexanediol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, ditrimethylolpropane, dipentaerythritol, tris-hydroxyethyl isocyanurate, etc.
- hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates such as 2-hydroxy
- Polyhydric (meth) acrylates of these ethylene oxide or propylene oxide adducts Phenolic ethylene oxide or propylene oxide adduct (meth) acrylates such as phenoxyethyl (meth) acrylate and polyethoxydi (meth) acrylate of bisphenol ⁇
- Phenolic ethylene oxide or propylene oxide adduct (meth) acrylates such as phenoxyethyl (meth) acrylate and polyethoxydi (meth) acrylate of bisphenol ⁇
- Preferred examples include (meth) acrylates of glycidyl ethers such as glycerin diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, triglycidyl isocyanurate; and melamine (meth) acrylate.
- These (D) photopolymerizable compounds can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the photopolymerizable compound (D) with the total solid content in the photosensitive resin composition being 100 parts by mass is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass, and still more preferably. 1 to 15 parts by mass, particularly preferably 1.5 to 10 parts by mass.
- the amount is 0.1 parts by mass or more, the exposed part is less likely to be eluted during development, and the sensitivity and resolution of the photosensitive resin composition tend to be improved.
- the amount is 30 parts by mass or less, the heat resistance tends to be improved. It is in.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present embodiment preferably contains an inorganic filler as the component (E).
- the inorganic filler is preferably used for the purpose of improving various properties such as adhesion, heat resistance and coating film hardness of the photosensitive resin composition.
- Examples of the inorganic filler include silica (SiO 2 ), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), titania (TiO 2 ), tantalum oxide (Ta 2 O 5 ), zirconia (ZrO 2 ), and silicon nitride (Si 3 ).
- the inorganic filler preferably has a maximum particle size of 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, still more preferably 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m, and more preferably 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m. Particularly preferred. When the maximum particle size is 20 ⁇ m or less, a decrease in electrical insulation can be suppressed.
- the maximum particle diameter of the (E) inorganic filler was measured by a laser diffraction method (based on JIS Z8825-2 (2001)).
- silica is preferable from the viewpoint of improving heat resistance, solder heat resistance, crack resistance (thermal shock resistance), and adhesive strength between the underfill material after the PCT test and the cured film.
- barium sulfate is preferable.
- the said barium sulfate is surface-treated with 1 or more types chosen from an alumina and an organosilane type compound from a viewpoint which can improve the aggregation prevention effect.
- the elemental composition of aluminum on the surface of barium sulfate surface-treated with one or more selected from alumina and organosilane compounds is preferably 0.5 to 10 atomic%, more preferably 1 to 5 atomic%. 5 to 3.5 atomic% is more preferable.
- the elemental composition of silicon on the surface of barium sulfate is preferably 0.5 to 10 atomic%, more preferably 1 to 5 atomic%, and further preferably 1.5 to 3.5 atomic%.
- the elemental composition of carbon on the surface of barium sulfate is preferably 10 to 30 atomic%, more preferably 15 to 25 atomic%, and further preferably 18 to 23 atomic%. These elemental compositions can be measured using XPS.
- NanoFine BFN40DC (trade name, manufactured by Nippon Solvay Co., Ltd.) is commercially available.
- the total solid content in the photosensitive resin composition is 100 parts by mass.
- the content of the (E) inorganic filler is preferably 15 to 80 parts by mass, and 15 to 70 parts by mass. More preferably, 20 to 70 parts by mass is further preferable, 20 to 50 parts by mass is particularly preferable, and 20 to 45 parts by mass is extremely preferable.
- the content of the inorganic filler is within the above range, the film strength, heat resistance, insulation reliability, thermal shock resistance, resolution, etc. of the photosensitive resin composition can be further improved.
- the content of barium sulfate with the total solid content in the photosensitive resin composition being 100 parts by mass is preferably 5 to 60 parts by mass, and 10 to 50 parts by mass. Part is more preferable, 10 to 40 parts by weight is further preferable, and 10 to 35 parts by weight is particularly preferable.
- the content of barium sulfate is within the above range, the solder heat resistance and the adhesion strength between the underfill material after the PCT (Pressure Cooker Test) test and the cured film can be further improved.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present embodiment preferably contains a pigment as the component (F).
- the pigment is preferably used according to a desired color when the wiring pattern is concealed.
- a colorant that develops a desired color may be appropriately selected and used. Examples of the colorant include known phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green, iodin green, diazo yellow, crystal violet, and the like. Coloring agents are preferred.
- the total solid content in the photosensitive resin composition is 100 parts by mass.
- the content of (F) pigment is preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by mass, and 0.1 to 3 parts by mass. Part is more preferred.
- a diluent can be used as necessary to adjust the viscosity.
- the diluent include organic solvents and photopolymerizable monomers.
- the organic solvent can be appropriately selected from the solvents exemplified as the organic solvent that can be used in the reaction of the epoxy resin (a) and the vinyl group-containing monocarboxylic acid (b).
- the photopolymerizable monomer what was illustrated by said (D) photopolymerizable compound is mentioned preferably.
- the amount of the diluent used is preferably such that the total solid content in the photosensitive resin composition is 50 to 90% by mass, more preferably 60 to 80% by mass, and 65 to 75% by mass. Further preferred. That is, when the diluent is used, the content of the diluent in the photosensitive resin composition is preferably 10 to 50% by mass, more preferably 20 to 40% by mass, and further preferably 25 to 35% by mass.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present embodiment may contain a curing agent.
- a curing agent a compound that cures itself by heat, ultraviolet light, or the like, or a photocurable resin component in the composition of the present embodiment (A) carboxy group, hydroxyl group and heat of the acid-modified vinyl group-containing epoxy resin.
- a compound that is cured by ultraviolet rays or the like is preferable.
- an epoxy compound for example, as a thermosetting compound, an epoxy compound, a melamine compound, a urea compound, an oxazoline compound and the like are preferably exemplified.
- the epoxy compound include bisphenol A type epoxy resins, bisphenol F type epoxy resins, hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resins, brominated bisphenol A type epoxy resins, bisphenol S type epoxy resins and the like; novolak type epoxy resins Preferred examples include resins; biphenyl type epoxy resins; heterocyclic epoxy resins such as triglycidyl isocyanurate; and bixylenol type epoxy resins.
- Preferred examples of the melamine compound include triaminotriazine, hexamethoxymelamine, hexabutoxylated melamine and the like.
- Preferred examples of the urea compound include dimethylol urea.
- curing agent it is preferable to contain 1 or more types chosen from an epoxy compound (epoxy resin) and block type isocyanate from a viewpoint which can improve the heat resistance of a cured film more, An epoxy compound and block type isocyanate are included. It is more preferable to use together.
- an addition reaction product of a polyisocyanate compound and an isocyanate blocking agent is used.
- polyisocyanate compound examples include tolylene diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, phenylene diisocyanate, naphthylene diisocyanate, bis (isocyanate methyl) cyclohexane, tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, methylene diisocyanate, trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, and isophorone diisocyanate.
- isocyanate blocking agent examples include phenolic blocking agents such as phenol, cresol, xylenol, chlorophenol and ethylphenol; lactam blocking agents such as ⁇ -caprolactam, ⁇ -palerolactam, ⁇ -butyrolactam and ⁇ -propiolactam; Active methylene blocking agents such as ethyl acetoacetate and acetylacetone; methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, amyl alcohol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, benzyl Ether, methyl glycolate, butyl glycolate, diacetone alcohol, lactic acid And alcohol blocking agents such as ethyl lactate; oxime blocking agents such as formaldehyde oxime, acetoaldoxime, acetoxime, methyl methyl
- the curing agent is used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the content thereof is preferably 2 to 50 parts by weight, more preferably 2 to 40 parts by weight, and more preferably 3 to 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total solid content in the photosensitive resin composition. Is more preferable, and 5 to 20 parts by mass is particularly preferable.
- an epoxy resin curing agent can be used in combination for the purpose of further improving various properties such as heat resistance, adhesion, and chemical resistance of the final cured film.
- epoxy resin curing agents include, for example, 2-methylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 1-benzyl-2-methylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 2-phenyl-4-methyl Imidazoles such as -5-hydroxymethylimidazole; guanamines such as acetoguanamine and benzoguanamine; diaminodiphenylmethane, m-phenylenediamine, m-xylenediamine, diaminodiphenylsulfone, dicyandiamide, urea, urea derivatives, melamine, polybasic hydrazide, etc.
- the epoxy resin curing agent is used alone or in combination of two or more, and is preferably 0.01 to 20% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass in the photosensitive resin composition.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present embodiment includes, if necessary, polymerization inhibitors such as hydroquinone, methylhydroquinone, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, catechol, pyrogallol; thickeners such as benton and montmorillonite; silicone-based, fluorine-based, vinyl Various known and commonly used additives such as resin-based antifoaming agents; silane coupling agents and the like can be used. Furthermore, flame retardants such as brominated epoxy compounds, acid-modified brominated epoxy compounds, antimony compounds, phosphate compounds phosphate compounds, aromatic condensed phosphate esters, and halogen-containing condensed phosphate esters can be used.
- polymerization inhibitors such as hydroquinone, methylhydroquinone, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, catechol, pyrogallol
- thickeners such as benton and montmorillonite
- resin-based antifoaming agents such
- the photosensitive resin composition of this embodiment can contain an elastomer.
- the elastomer is particularly preferably used when the photosensitive resin composition of the present embodiment is used for manufacturing a semiconductor package substrate.
- the curing reaction proceeds by ultraviolet rays, heat, etc., so that (A) distortion inside the resin due to curing shrinkage of the acid-modified vinyl group-containing epoxy resin (internal Decrease in flexibility and adhesiveness due to stress) can be suppressed.
- elastomer examples include styrene elastomers, olefin elastomers, urethane elastomers, polyester elastomers, polyamide elastomers, acrylic elastomers, and silicone elastomers. These elastomers are composed of a hard segment component and a soft segment component, and it is generally considered that the former contributes to heat resistance and strength, and the latter contributes to flexibility and toughness.
- a rubber-modified epoxy resin can be used.
- the rubber-modified epoxy resin includes, for example, a part or all of epoxy groups of the above-described bisphenol F type epoxy resin, bisphenol A type epoxy resin, triphenolmethane type epoxy resin, phenol novolac type epoxy resin or cresol novolac type epoxy resin. It can be obtained by modification with a carboxylic acid-modified butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber or a terminal amino-modified silicone rubber.
- both end carboxyl group-modified butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer Espel which is a polyester-based elastomer having a hydroxyl group (manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., Espel 1612 and 1620 (trade names) )) Is preferred.
- the amount of the elastomer is preferably 2 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 4 to 20 parts by mass, and further preferably 10 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) acid-modified vinyl group-containing epoxy resin. . If it is 2 parts by mass or more, the elastic modulus in the high temperature region of the cured film tends to be low, and if it is 30 parts by mass or less, the unexposed part tends to be eluted with the developer.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present embodiment can be obtained by uniformly kneading and mixing various components used as desired, including the components (A) to (F) described above, using a roll mill, a bead mill, or the like. it can. Moreover, it is preferable that the photosensitive resin composition of this embodiment is a liquid form. By making it liquid, a permanent mask resist can be easily formed by various coating methods described later.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present embodiment is suitably used for forming a photosensitive element and a permanent mask resist, and the photosensitive element and the permanent mask resist of the present embodiment are the photosensitive resin composition of the present embodiment. It is formed using.
- the photosensitive element of this embodiment is provided with a support and a photosensitive layer using the photosensitive resin composition of this embodiment on the support.
- a resin film having heat resistance and solvent resistance such as a polyester resin film such as polyethylene terephthalate, and a polyolefin resin film such as polyethylene and polypropylene, is preferably mentioned. From the viewpoint of transparency, a polyethylene terephthalate film Is preferably used.
- the thickness of the support is preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 1 to 30 ⁇ m in view of mechanical strength, good resolution, and the like.
- the photosensitive element of the present embodiment is prepared by applying the photosensitive resin composition of the present embodiment on the support by a method such as dipping, spraying, bar coating, roll coating, or spin coating.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the embodiment is applied at a film thickness (after drying: 10 to 200 ⁇ m) according to the application to form a coating film, and dried at about 70 to 150 ° C. for about 5 to 30 minutes to form a photosensitive layer. Can be obtained.
- the permanent mask resist of this embodiment and the printed wiring board provided with the permanent mask resist are imaged as follows, for example.
- a base material on which a resist is to be formed for example, a copper-clad laminate for a printed wiring board
- a screen printing method for example, a spray method, a roll coating method, a curtain coating method, an electrostatic coating method, etc.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the embodiment is applied at a film thickness (after drying: 10 to 200 ⁇ m) according to the application to form a coating film, and the coating film is dried at 60 to 110 ° C.
- the photosensitive layer of the photosensitive element may be transferred (laminated) onto the substrate on which the resist is to be formed.
- the dried coating film on the support is pasted on the substrate using an atmospheric laminator or a vacuum laminator as necessary.
- an active ray such as ultraviolet rays is preferably applied in an energy amount of 10 to 1,000 mJ / cm 2 by directly contacting a negative film or through a transparent film.
- the resin film is applied by irradiation, the resin film is peeled off, and the unexposed part is dissolved and removed (developed) with a dilute alkaline aqueous solution.
- the exposed portion is sufficiently cured by post-exposure (ultraviolet light exposure), post-heating, or post-exposure and post-heating to obtain a cured film.
- the post-exposure is preferably 1 to 5 J / cm 2
- the post-heating is preferably 100 to 200 ° C. for 30 minutes to 12 hours.
- the permanent mask resist thus obtained is less likely to cause an undercut where the bottom is removed, and the upper portion of the resist is less likely to be lost. Therefore, the line at the middle (center) and deepest (bottom) of the pattern cross section Since the width does not increase with respect to the line width of the surface portion, the pattern outline has good linearity, excellent resist shape, and a pattern with excellent resolution. In addition, this permanent mask resist has a pattern that is excellent in the formation stability of the finer hole diameter and the interval pitch between holes due to the recent downsizing and higher performance of electronic devices.
- the exposed coating film was peeled off from the PET film, and the infrared absorption spectrum (ATR method) of the coating film on the PET film surface side after the exposure was measured under the same conditions as described above.
- the rate of change of the carbon-carbon double bond appearing at 1470 cm ⁇ 1 before and after the exposure was determined from the following formula, and the average value of 3 times of integration was defined as the coating bottom curability (%).
- Change rate of double bond (%) 100- (carbon-carbon double bond amount after exposure / carbon-carbon double bond amount before exposure ⁇ 100)
- the film was brought into close contact with the film, and exposed using a UV exposure apparatus (trade name: HTE-5102S, manufactured by Hitec Co., Ltd.) at a predetermined exposure amount shown in Tables 1 to 6. Thereafter, spray development was performed with a 1% by mass aqueous sodium carbonate solution for 60 seconds at a pressure of 0.18 MPa (1.8 kgf / cm 2 ), and the unexposed area was dissolved and developed. Next, using an ultraviolet exposure device (manufactured by GS Yuasa Lighting Co., Ltd., trade name: conveyor type UV irradiation device), the exposure was performed at an exposure amount of 1000 mJ / cm 2 , and then the test was performed by heating at 150 ° C. for 1 hour. A piece was made.
- a UV exposure apparatus trade name: HTE-5102S, manufactured by Hitec Co., Ltd.
- spray development was performed with a 1% by mass aqueous sodium carbonate solution for 60 seconds at a pressure of 0.18 MPa (1.8 kgf
- FIG. 1 schematically shows the cross-sectional shape of the resist.
- the photosensitive resin compositions of the examples and comparative examples were 50 cm ⁇ 50 cm in size and 0.6 mm thick copper-clad laminate (manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name) : MCL-E-67) was applied by screen printing so that the film thickness after drying was 35 ⁇ m to form a coating film, and then dried at 80 ° C. for 20 minutes using a hot air circulating dryer. .
- each negative mask having the pattern shown in FIG. 2 was brought into close contact with the coating film, and exposed using an ultraviolet exposure device (trade name: HTE-5102S, manufactured by Hitec Co., Ltd.) at an exposure amount of 600 mJ / cm 2 .
- test piece was evaluated according to the following criteria.
- using a microscope it is magnified 700 times, and patterns of 100 ⁇ m and 80 ⁇ m are observed. In the case of a pattern of 100 ⁇ m, the bottom of the pattern is 80 ⁇ m or more (80% or more with respect to the pattern diameter).
- the pattern was able to be reproduced when it was formed.
- the pattern was reproduced when the pattern bottom was formed with a size of 64 ⁇ m or more.
- the determination of “A” and “B” the case where the total number of formed patterns was 80% or more with respect to the total number of patterns of 100 ⁇ m and 80 ⁇ m was evaluated as “A”.
- Evaluation of crack resistance A step of holding a test piece prepared under the same conditions as the test piece used in the evaluation of the resist shape at -65 ° C for 30 minutes and then holding at 150 ° C for 30 minutes. After repeating 1000 cycles as 1 cycle, the coating film appearance of the test piece was visually observed and evaluated according to the following criteria.
- each negative mask having the pattern shown in FIG. 2 was brought into close contact with the coating film, and exposed using an ultraviolet exposure device (trade name: HTE-5102S, manufactured by Hitec Co., Ltd.) at an exposure amount of 600 mJ / cm 2 . Thereafter, spray development was performed with a 1% by mass aqueous sodium carbonate solution for 60 seconds at a pressure of 0.18 MPa (1.8 kgf / cm 2 ), and the unexposed area was dissolved and developed. Next, using a UV exposure device (trade name: conveyor type UV irradiation device, manufactured by GS Yuasa Lighting Co., Ltd.), the sample was exposed at an exposure amount of 1000 mJ / cm 2 and heated at 150 ° C.
- an ultraviolet exposure device trade name: HTE-5102S, manufactured by Hitec Co., Ltd.
- spray development was performed with a 1% by mass aqueous sodium carbonate solution for 60 seconds at a pressure of 0.18 MPa (1.8 kgf / cm 2 )
- Electroless plating resistance The test piece prepared under the same conditions as the test piece used in the above (4) evaluation of the resist shape was made of nickel using a commercially available electroless nickel plating bath and electroless gold plating bath. Plating was performed under conditions of 5 ⁇ m and gold of 0.05 ⁇ m. After plating, the presence or absence of plating soaking was visually confirmed. Next, the cellophane tape (made by Nichiban Co., Ltd., trade name: cellotape (registered trademark)) is applied to the coating film of the test specimen after immersion, and then the cellophane tape is forcibly peeled in the direction of 90 degrees. A test was conducted, and the presence or absence of peeling of the coating film was visually confirmed and evaluated according to the following criteria. A: No soaking and peeling were observed. B: Although soaking was seen after plating, peeling was not seen. C: Peeling was observed after plating.
- the mixture was cooled to 60 ° C., mixed with 1 part by mass of benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, heated to 100 ° C., and reacted until the solid content acid value reached 1 mgKOH / g.
- 152 parts by mass of tetrahydrophthalic anhydride and 100 parts by mass of carbitol acetate were mixed, heated to 80 ° C., and stirred for 6 hours.
- the solution containing the acid-modified vinyl group-containing epoxy resin (I) was obtained by diluting with carbitol acetate so that the solid content concentration was 60% by mass.
- the solid content acid value in an Example was measured by the neutralization titration method.
- acetone is added to 1 g of a solution containing an epoxy resin containing an acid-modified vinyl and further uniformly dissolved, and then a phenolphthalein as an indicator is added to the solution containing the epoxy resin containing the acid-modified vinyl. It was measured by adding an appropriate amount to and titrating with a 0.1N potassium hydroxide aqueous solution.
- the obtained solution was cooled to 60 ° C., 2 parts by mass of triphenylphosphine was added, and the mixture was heated to 100 ° C. until the acid value of the solution reached 1 mgKOH / g.
- 98 parts by mass of tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (THPAC) and 85 parts by mass of carbitol acetate were added, heated to 80 ° C., and reacted for 6 hours. Thereafter, the solution was cooled to room temperature to obtain a solution containing acid-modified vinyl group-containing epoxy resin (IV) -c having a solid content of 73% by mass.
- the mixture was dissolved by heating and stirring at 0 ° C. Next, the solution was cooled to 50 ° C., 2 parts by mass of triphenylphosphine and 75 parts by mass of solvent naphtha were mixed, heated to 100 ° C., and reacted until the solid content acid value became 1 mgKOH / g or less. Next, the obtained solution was cooled to 50 ° C., 745 parts by mass of tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (THPAC), 75 parts by mass of carbitol acetate and 75 parts by mass of solvent naphtha were mixed and heated to 80 ° C. for 6 hours. Reacted. Thereafter, the mixture was cooled to room temperature to obtain a solution containing an acid-modified vinyl group-containing epoxy resin (II) -b having a solid content acid value of 80 mgKOH / g and a solid content of 62% by mass.
- THPAC tetrahydrophthalic anhydride
- Examples 1 to 32 and Comparative Examples 1 to 32 Compositions were blended according to the blending compositions shown in Tables 1 to 6 and kneaded by a three roll mill to prepare a photosensitive resin composition. Carbitol acetate was added so that the solid content concentration was 70% by mass to obtain a photosensitive resin composition. It evaluated based on said evaluation method using the obtained photosensitive resin composition. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 1-6.
- surface is a mass part
- surface means the compounding quantity as a solution containing the epoxy resin obtained by each synthesis example.
- Examples 33 and 34 and Comparative Examples 33 and 34 A photosensitive resin composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 according to the formulation shown in Table 6. Each obtained photosensitive resin composition was diluted with methyl ethyl ketone, coated on a PET film, and then dried at 90 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a photosensitive layer made of a photosensitive resin composition having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m. Further, a polyethylene film (protective layer) was laminated thereon to produce a photosensitive element. The protective layer was peeled off from the photosensitive element obtained above, and the photosensitive element was heat-laminated on a solid copper foil substrate.
- a negative mask having a pattern with a hole diameter of 100 ⁇ m and a pitch between holes of 100 ⁇ m, or a pattern with a hole diameter of 80 ⁇ m and a pitch between holes shown in FIG. And exposed to a predetermined exposure amount shown in Table 6 using an ultraviolet exposure apparatus (trade name: HTE-5102S, manufactured by Hitec Corporation). Thereafter, spray development was performed with a 1% by mass aqueous sodium carbonate solution for 60 seconds at a pressure of 0.18 MPa (1.8 kgf / cm 2 ), and the unexposed area was dissolved and developed.
- Irgacure 819 Bis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phenylphosphine oxide (trade name, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.)
- Darocur TPO 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide (trade name, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.)
- Irgacure 907 2-methyl- [4- (methylthio) phenyl] morpholino-1-propanone (trade name, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.)
- Irgacure OXE01 (1,2-octanedione, 1- [4- (phenylthio)-, 2- (o-benzoyloxime)] (BASF Japan Ltd., trade name)
- Kayarad DPHA Dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate (Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., trade name)
- BaSO 4 Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- the pattern of the permanent mask resist has a hole diameter of 100 ⁇ m and an interval pitch between holes of 100 ⁇ m. Or a high-definition pattern with a hole diameter of 80 ⁇ m and an interval pitch between holes of 80 ⁇ m, it maintains excellent surface curability and bottom curability, and has an excellent via shape in resist shape. As a result, it was confirmed that the thickness around the pattern could be reduced and the via diameter accuracy was excellent. Moreover, it was confirmed that not only the excellent resist shape but also other properties such as solder heat resistance are excellent.
- Irgacure 819 Bis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phenylphosphine oxide (trade name, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.)
- Darocur TPO 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide (trade name, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.)
- Irgacure 907 2-methyl- [4- (methylthio) phenyl] morpholino-1-propanone (trade name, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.)
- Irgacure 369 2-benzoyl-2-dimethylamino-1- (4-morpholino-phenyl) butanone-1 (trade name, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.)
- Pyrazoline sensitizer 1-phenyl-3- (4-tert-butyl-styryl) -5- (4-tert-butyl-phenyl) -pyrazoline
- EAB 4,4′-
- the photosensitive resin compositions of Examples 7 to 12 of the present invention were excellent in photosensitivity, maintained bottom curability and excellent in resist shape even in digital exposure.
- a via shape was obtained.
- the pattern of the permanent mask resist is a pattern in which the hole diameter is 100 ⁇ m and the interval pitch between holes is 100 ⁇ m, or the hole diameter is 80 ⁇ m and the interval pitch between holes is as high as 80 ⁇ m. Even with a fine pattern, it was confirmed that the surrounding thickness could be reduced and the via diameter accuracy was excellent. Moreover, it was confirmed that not only the excellent resist shape but also other properties such as solder heat resistance are excellent.
- Irgacure 819 Bis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phenylphosphine oxide (trade name, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.)
- Darocur TPO 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide (trade name, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.)
- Irgacure 907 2-methyl- [4- (methylthio) phenyl] morpholino-1-propanone (trade name, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.)
- Anthracene sensitizer 1 9,10-dibutoxyanthracene
- Anthracene sensitizer 2 9,10-diethoxyanthracene
- Anthracene sensitizer 3 9,10-dipropoxyanthracene EAB: 4, 4'-diethylaminobenzophenone (Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- DETX-S 2,4-diethylthio
- the photosensitive resin compositions of the present invention of Examples 13 to 18 have excellent photocurability, and the pattern of the permanent mask resist (solder resist) has a large hole diameter. Even if it is a high-definition pattern with a length of 100 ⁇ m and a spacing pitch between holes of 100 ⁇ m, or a high-definition pattern with a hole diameter of 80 ⁇ m and a spacing pitch between holes of 80 ⁇ m, it has excellent bottom curability. It was confirmed that an excellent resist shape was obtained and that the via diameter accuracy was excellent without undercut, skirting, or thickening being confirmed, or the linearity of the pattern contour being poor.
- Irgacure 819 Bis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phenylphosphine oxide (trade name, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.)
- Darocur TPO 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide (trade name, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.)
- Irgacure 907 2-methyl- [4- (methylthio) phenyl] morpholino-1-propanone (trade name, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.) •
- Imidazole 2- (o-chlorophenyl) -4,5-diphenylimidazole dimer •
- Acridine 1,7-bis (9,9′-acridinyl) heptane • Titanocene: bis ( ⁇ 5 -cyclopentadienyl) -Bis (2,6-difluoro-3- (1H-pyrrol-1-yl) phenyl) titanium
- Irgacure 819 Bis (2,4,6-
- the photosensitive resin compositions of Examples 19 to 24 of the present invention maintain the bottom curability and stably obtain a via shape excellent in the resist shape. Even if the pattern of the resist is a pattern with a hole diameter of 100 ⁇ m and an interval pitch between holes of 100 ⁇ m, or a high-definition pattern with a hole diameter of 80 ⁇ m and an interval pitch between holes of 80 ⁇ m, It was confirmed that the surrounding thickness could be reduced and the via diameter accuracy was excellent. Moreover, it was confirmed that not only the excellent resist shape but also other properties such as solder heat resistance are excellent.
- Irgacure 819 Bis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phenylphosphine oxide (trade name, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.)
- Darocur TPO 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide (trade name, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.)
- Irgacure 907 2-methyl- [4- (methylthio) phenyl] morpholino-1-propanone (trade name, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.)
- Irganox 1010 Pentaerythritol tetrakis [3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] (trade name, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.)
- Irganox 1035 Thiodiethylenebis [3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] (trade name, manufactured by BASF Japan Japan
- the pattern of the permanent mask resist has a hole diameter of 100 ⁇ m and an interval pitch between holes of 100 ⁇ m. Even if it is a high-definition pattern with a hole diameter of 80 ⁇ m and an interval pitch between holes of 80 ⁇ m, excellent surface curability and bottom curability are maintained, undercut, skirting, or It was confirmed that an excellent resist shape was obtained without being thickened or the linearity of the pattern outline was poor, and that the via diameter accuracy was excellent. In addition to having excellent solder heat resistance and flux corrosion resistance, it was also confirmed that it has excellent performance such as adhesion, solvent resistance, and chemical resistance (acid resistance, alkali resistance). .
- Comparative Examples 25 to 30 the surface curability and the bottom curability are low, and the resist shape exhibits an undercut.
- Comparative Examples 29 and 30 the irradiation dose during development is increased, so that the surface Although the curability and bottom curability were good, the halation increased and the line width of the middle part (center part) and deepest part (bottom part) increased with respect to the line width of the surface part (top part) of the pattern cross section. As a result, the resist shape deteriorated.
- Irgacure 819 Bis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phenylphosphine oxide (trade name, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.)
- Irgacure 907 2-methyl- [4- (methylthio) phenyl] morpholino-1-propanone (trade name, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.)
- DETX-S 2,4-diethylthioxanthone (Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., trade name)
- -MBI Mercaptobenzimidazole-Phthalocyanine pigment: Sanyo dye Co., Ltd.-Aronix M402: Dipentaerystol hexaacrylate (trade name, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.)
- BaSO 4 Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- ⁇ SiO 2 Tatsumori Co., Ltd.
- ⁇ YSLV-80XY Tetramethylbisphenol F type epoxy resin (manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name)
- RE-306 Novolac type polyfunctional epoxy resin (product name) manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.
- PB-3600 Epoxidized polybutadiene (trade name, manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
- SP1108 Polyester resin (trade name, manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) -DICY 7: Dicyandiamide
- the pattern of the photosensitive element and the permanent mask resist had a hole diameter of 100 ⁇ m and a space between the holes. Even if the pattern is 100 ⁇ m in spacing pitch, or a high-definition pattern with a hole diameter of 80 ⁇ m and spacing pitch between holes of 80 ⁇ m, undercut, skirting, or thickening is confirmed, or the pattern contour It was confirmed that an excellent resist shape could be obtained without the linearity being bad. Moreover, it was confirmed that it was excellent also in various performances such as electroless plating resistance, solder heat resistance, crack resistance, adhesion, solvent resistance, and chemical resistance (acid resistance and alkali resistance). In contrast, the photosensitive resin compositions of Comparative Examples 31 to 34 were inferior in resist shape and solder heat resistance and crack resistance.
- a photosensitive resin capable of forming a pattern having excellent linearity of the pattern outline, excellent resist shape, and excellent resolution without occurrence of undercut that causes the bottom portion to be removed and lack of the upper portion of the resist. It is possible to obtain a permanent mask resist capable of forming a pattern, which is excellent in the composition and the formation stability of the refined hole diameter and the pitch between the holes.
- the permanent mask resist is suitably used for a printed wiring board.
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Abstract
Description
底部の光硬化性を向上させるために紫外線照射の露光量を多くすると、光回折及びハレーションが大きくなり、パターン断面の表面部(上部)の線幅に対して中間部(中心部)及び最深部(底部)の線幅が大きくなるため、レジスト形状の悪化が生じる、あるいは解像性が低下するという問題がある。また、酸素阻害によりレジスト深さ方向で表面から3μm程度に至る領域において光硬化が不足することで、レジスト上部が欠落してしまい、レジスト形状が悪化するという問題もある。したがって、20~40μm以上という厚膜な永久マスクレジストを形成する場合、底部の光硬化性が良好で解像性に優れた感光性樹脂組成物は存在しないのが現状である。
また、本発明の感光性樹脂組成物を用いることで、近年の電子機器の小型化、及び高性能化に伴う微細化した穴径の大きさと穴間の間隔ピッチの形成安定性に優れた、パターン形成が可能な感光性エレメント、永久マスクレジスト、及び該永久マスクレジストを具備するプリント配線板を提供することである。
[2]支持体と、該支持体上に上記[1]に記載の感光性樹脂組成物を用いてなる感光層とを備える感光性エレメント。
[3]上記[1]に記載の感光性樹脂組成物により形成される永久マスクレジスト。
[4]上記[3]に記載の永久マスクレジストを具備するプリント配線板。
本発明における実施形態(以下、単に「本実施形態」ともいう)に係るの感光性樹脂組成物は、(A)酸変性ビニル基含有エポキシ樹脂(以下、「(A)成分」ともいう)と、(B)アシルホスフィンオキサイド系光重合開始剤(以下、「(B)成分」ともいう)と、(C1)アルキルアミノベンゼン誘導体(以下、「(C1)成分」ともいう)、(C2)ピラゾリン系増感剤又はアントラセン系増感剤(以下、「(C2)成分」ともいう)、(C3)イミダゾール系光重合開始剤、アクリジン系光重合開始剤、及びチタノセン系光重合開始剤から選ばれる少なくとも一種の光重合開始剤(以下、「(C3)成分」ともいう)、(C4)ヒンダードフェノール系酸化防止剤、キノン系酸化防止剤、アミン系酸化防止剤、硫黄系酸化防止剤、及びリン系酸化防止剤から選ばれる少なくとも一種の酸化防止剤(以下、「(C4)成分」ともいう)、並びに(C5)チオール基含有化合物(以下、「(C5)成分」ともいう)から選ばれる少なくとも1種の(C)添加剤(以下、「(C)成分」ともいう)と、(D)光重合性化合物(以下、「(D)成分」ともいう)とを含む感光性樹脂組成物である。
以下、各成分について説明する。
本実施形態の感光性樹脂組成物は、(A)成分として酸変性ビニル基含有エポキシ樹脂を含有する。
(A)酸変性ビニル基含有エポキシ樹脂は、エポキシ樹脂をビニル基含有の有機酸で変性したものであれば特に制限はなく、エポキシ樹脂(a)とビニル基含有モノカルボン酸(b)とを反応させて得られるエポキシ樹脂(a’)が好ましく、さらに該エポキシ樹脂(a’)と飽和基又は不飽和基含有多塩基酸無水物(c)とを反応させて得られるエポキシ樹脂(a’’)がより好ましい。
まず、エポキシ樹脂(a)としては、下記一般式(I)で示される構成単位を有するノボラック型エポキシ樹脂が好ましく挙げられ、このような構成単位を有するエポキシ樹脂としては、例えば、下記一般式(I’)で示されるノボラック型エポキシ樹脂が好ましく挙げられる。
一般式(I)で示される構成単位を有するノボラック型エポキシ樹脂中、一般式(I)で示される構成単位の含有量は、好ましくは70質量%以上、より好ましくは90質量%以上、さらに好ましく95質量%以上である。
また、一般式(I’)中、R11’は水素原子又はメチル基を示し、Y1’は水素原子又はグリシジル基を示し、かつ水素原子とグリシジル基とのモル比は、好ましくは0:100~30:70、より好ましくは0:100~10:90、さらに好ましくは0:100である。水素原子とグリシジル基とのモル比から分かるように、少なくとも一つのY1’はグリシジル基を示すものである。一般式(I’)中、n1は1以上の整数を示す。また、複数のR11’は各々同一でも異なっていてもよく、複数のY1’は同一でも異なっていてもよい。
エポキシ樹脂(a)としては、下記一般式(II)で示される構成単位を有するエポキシ樹脂が好ましく挙げられ、このような構成単位を有するエポキシ樹脂としては、例えば、下記一般式(II’)で示されるビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、及びビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂が好ましく挙げられる。
一般式(II)で示される構成単位を有するエポキシ樹脂中、一般式(II)で示される構成単位の含有量は、好ましくは70質量%以上、より好ましくは90質量%以上、さらに好ましく95質量%以上である。
また、一般式(II’)中、R12’は水素原子又はメチル基を示し、Y2’は水素原子又はグリシジル基を示し、かつ水素原子とグリシジル基とのモル比は、好ましくは0:100~30:70、より好ましくは0:100~10:90、さらに好ましくは0:100である。水素原子とグリシジル基とのモル比から分かるように、少なくとも一つのY2’はグリシジル基を示すものである。一般式(II’)中、n2は1以上の整数を示す。また、複数のR12’は同一でも異なっていてもよく、n2が2以上の場合、複数のY2’は同一でも異なっていてもよい。
また、より純度の高いエポキシ樹脂を得る観点から、得られたエポキシ樹脂を有機溶媒に再度溶解させて、上記のアルカリ金属水酸化物等の塩基性触媒を加えて反応させることができる。この際、反応速度を高める観点から、四級アンモニウム塩、クラウンエーテル等の相間移動触媒を、エポキシ樹脂に対して0.1~3質量%の範囲で用いることが好ましい。この場合、反応終了後に生成した塩等をろ過、水洗等により除去し、さらに加熱減圧下で有機溶媒等を留去することで、高純度のエポキシ樹脂を得ることができる。
エポキシ樹脂(a)としては、下記一般式(III)で示される構成単位を有するエポキシ樹脂が好ましく挙げられ、このような構成単位を有するエポキシ樹脂としては、例えば、下記一般式(III’)で示されるトリフェノールメタン型エポキシ樹脂が好ましく挙げられる。
エポキシ樹脂(a)としては、下記一般式(IV)で示される構成単位を有するビスフェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂が好ましく挙げられる。
アルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、ペンチル基、sec-ペンチル基、イソペンチル基、ネオペンチル基等が好ましく挙げられ、これらの中でも、メチル基がより好ましい。
アリール基としては、フェニル基、ビフェニル基、ナフチル基、アントリル基、フェナントリル基等が挙げられ、好ましくは環形成炭素数6~20のアリール基、より好ましくは環形成炭素数6~14のアリール基である。また、アリール基は、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アリール基、アラルキル基、アミノ基、アミド基、アルコキシ基等により置換されたものであってもよい。
アラルキル基としては、上記のアルキル基の水素原子の一つが上記のアリール基で置換されているものであれば特に制限はなく、例えば、ベンジル基、フェニルエチル基、フェニルプロピル基、ナフチルメチル基等が挙げられる。また、アラルキル基は、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アリール基、アラルキル基、アミノ基、アミド基、アルコキシ基等により置換されたものであってよい。
上記範囲内であると、レジスト形状、解像性、耐熱性、密着性、及び電気絶縁性のバランスにより優れるレジストパターンが得られる。
エポキシ樹脂(a)としては、下記一般式(V)で示される構成単位を有するビスフェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂が好ましく挙げられる。
上記のビスフェノール化合物とアルデヒド化合物又はケトン化合物とを反応容器内に仕込み、不活性ガス雰囲気下で撹拌しながら、20~200℃の範囲を維持するように、スルホン酸を連続的又は断続的に加えて、ビスフェノール化合物とアルデヒド化合物又はケトン化合物とを反応させて粗ビスフェノールノボラック樹脂を得る。次いで、該粗ビスフェノールノボラック樹脂を、非水溶性有機溶媒で抽出してビスフェノールノボラック樹脂溶液とし、これを水洗し、中和し、さらには該非水溶性有機溶媒を留去して、ビスフェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂が得られる。
上記の留去は、例えば、温度170~200℃、圧力3kPa以下の条件にて加熱減圧蒸留で行うことが好ましく、このような条件で行うことで、純度の高いビスフェノールノボラック樹脂を得ることができる。
また、薄膜基板の反りをより低減できるとともに、耐熱衝撃性をより向上できる観点からは、一般式(IV)で示される構成単位を有するエポキシ樹脂と、一般式(V)で示される構成単位を有するエポキシ樹脂とを併用することが好ましい。
上記のエポキシ樹脂(a)と反応させる、ビニル基含有モノカルボン酸(b)としては、例えば、アクリル酸、アクリル酸の二量体、メタクリル酸、β-フルフリルアクリル酸、β-スチリルアクリル酸、桂皮酸、クロトン酸、α-シアノ桂皮酸等のアクリル酸誘導体;水酸基含有アクリレートと二塩基酸無水物との反応生成物である半エステル化合物、ビニル基含有モノグリシジルエーテル又はビニル基含有モノグリシジルエステルと二塩基酸無水物との反応生成物である半エステル化合物などが好ましく挙げられる。
有機溶剤としては、例えば、エチルメチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン等のケトン類;トルエン、キシレン、テトラメチルベンゼン等の芳香族炭化水素類;メチルセロソルブ、ブチルセロソルブ、メチルカルビトール、ブチルカルビトール、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールジエチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル等のグリコールエーテル類;酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、ブチルセロソルブアセテート、カルビトールアセテート等のエステル類;オクタン、デカン等の脂肪族炭化水素類;石油エーテル、石油ナフサ、水添石油ナフサ、ソルベントナフサ等の石油系溶剤などが好ましく挙げられる。
(A)酸変性ビニル基含有エポキシ樹脂としては、上述のエポキシ樹脂(a')に多塩基酸無水物(c)を反応させることにより得られるエポキシ樹脂(a")も好ましく挙げられる。エポキシ樹脂(a")においては、エポキシ樹脂(a')における水酸基(エポキシ樹脂(a)中にある元来ある水酸基も含む)と多塩基酸無水物(c)の酸無水物基とが半エステル化されているものと推察される。
(GPC測定装置)
GPC装置:高速GPC装置「HLC-8320GPC」,検出器は示差屈折計、東ソー(株)製
カラム :カラムTSKgel SuperMultipore HZ-H(カラム長さ:15cm,カラム内径:4.6mm),東ソー(株)製
(測定条件)
溶媒 :テトラヒドロフラン(THF)
測定温度 :40℃
流量 :0.35ml/分
試料濃度 :10mg/THF5ml
注入量 :20μl
一般式(I’)で示されるノボラック型エポキシ樹脂から得られるエポキシ樹脂(a’)又は(a’’)と、一般式(II’)で示されるビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂及びビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂から得られるエポキシ樹脂(a’)又は(a’’)との質量混合比は、95:5~30:70が好ましく、90:10~40:60がより好ましく、80:20~45:55がさらに好ましい。
一般式(IV)で示される構成単位を有するビスフェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂から得られるエポキシ樹脂(a’)又は(a’’)と一般式(II’)で示されるビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂及びビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂から得られるエポキシ樹脂(a’)又は(a’’)との質量混合比は、90:10~30:70が好ましく、80:20~40:60がより好ましく、70:30~50:50がさらに好ましい。
本実施形態の感光性樹脂組成物は、(B)成分としてアシルホスフィンオキサイド系光重合開始剤を含有する。
(B)アシルホスフィンオキサイド系光重合開始剤は、アシルホスフィンオキサイド基(=P(=O)-C(=O)-基)を有する光重合開始剤であれば特に制限はなく、例えば、(2,6-ジメトキシベンゾイル)-2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイル-ペンチルホスフィンオキサイド、ビス(2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイル)-フェニルホスフィンオキサイド、2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイルジフェニルホスフィンオキサイド、エチル-2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイルフェニルホスフィネイト、ビス(2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイル)-フェニルホスフィンオキサイド、(2,5-ジヒドロキシフェニル)ジフェニルホスフィンオキサイド、(p-ヒドロキシフェニル)ジフェニルホスフィンオキサイド、ビス(p-ヒドロキシフェニル)フェニルホスフィンオキサイド、及びトリス(p-ヒドロキシフェニル)ホスフィンオキサイド等が好ましく挙げられ、1種単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
本実施形態の感光性樹脂組成物は、(C)成分として、(C1)アルキルアミノベンゼン誘導体、(C2)ピラゾリン系増感剤又はアントラセン系増感剤、(C3)イミダゾール系光重合開始剤、アクリジン系光重合開始剤、及びチタノセン系光重合開始剤から選ばれる少なくとも一種の光重合開始剤、(C4)ヒンダードフェノール系酸化防止剤、キノン系酸化防止剤、アミン系酸化防止剤、硫黄系酸化防止剤、及びリン系酸化防止剤から選ばれる少なくとも一種の酸化防止剤、並びに(C5)チオール基含有化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する。これらの添加剤を(B)アシルホスフィンオキサイド系光重合開始剤と併用することにより、パターン輪郭の直線性が良くレジスト形状に優れ、解像性に優れたパターンを形成することができる感光性樹脂組成物を得ることができる。
(C1)アルキルアミノベンゼン誘導体は、ベンゼン環にアルキルアミノ基を有していれば特に制限はなく、水素供与体として有効に機能し、感光性樹脂組成物の光感度及び経日安定性をより向上できる。ここで、水素供与体は、上記の光重合開始剤の露光処理により発生するラジカルに対して、水素原子を供与することができる化合物を意味するものである。本実施形態においては、上記の(B)アシルホスフィンオキサイド系光重合性開始剤と、水素供与体として(C1)アルキルアミノベンゼン誘導体との組み合わせが、とりわけ、パターン輪郭の直線性が良くレジスト形状に優れ、解像性に優れたパターンを形成する点で効果的である。
フェニルグリシン誘導体としては、N-フェニルグリシン、N,N-ジフェニルグリシン、N-ナフチルグリシン等が好ましく挙げられる。
アミノ安息香酸誘導体としては、2-メチルアミノ安息香酸、2-エチルアミノ安息香酸等が好ましく挙げられる。また、アミノ安息香酸エステル誘導体としては、N,N-ジメチルアミノ安息香酸エチル、N,N-ジエチルアミノ安息香酸エチル、N,N-ジメチルアミノ安息香酸イソアミル、N,N-ジエチルアミノ安息香酸イソアミル等が好ましく挙げられる。
これらの(C1)アルキルアミノベンゼン誘導体のなかでも、N-フェニルグリシン、2-メチルアミノ安息香酸、及びN,N-ジエチルアミノ安息香酸エチルが好ましい。
(C2)成分はピラゾリン系増感剤、又はアントラセン系増感剤である。
(C2)ピラゾリン系増感剤を添加することにより、デジタル露光であっても、底部がえぐられるアンダーカットの発生、及びレジスト上部の欠落が発生することなく、パターン輪郭の直線性が良くレジスト形状に優れ、解像性に優れたパターンを形成できる感光性樹脂組成物を得ることができる。
本実施形態の感光性樹脂組成物に用いられる(C2)アントラセン系増感剤は、光硬化性を向上させることで、レジスト形状に優れ、解像性に優れたパターンを形成することを可能にするものである。
(C2)アントラセン系増感剤としては、例えば、下記一般式(XI)で示される化合物が好ましく挙げられる。
Xは、単結合、酸素原子、硫黄原子、カルボニル基、スルホニル基、-N(R’)-基、-C(=O)-O-基、-C(=O)-S-基、-SO2-O-基、-SO2-S-基、-SO2-N(R’)-基、-O-CO-基、-S-C(=O)-基、-O-SO2-基、又は-S-SO2-基を示す。ただし、Xが単結合、かつ、R3が水素原子の組み合わせ(すなわち無置換のアントラセン)を除く。また複数のXは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
ここで、R4は、水素原子、炭素数1~8のアルキル基、炭素数3~20の脂環族基、炭素数2~8のアルケニル基、アリール基、又はヘテロアリール基を示し、R4同士が相互に結合して環状構造を形成してもよく、該環状構造はヘテロ原子を含んでもよく、アルキル基、アルケニル基は、直鎖状でも枝分かれ状でもよく、またハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アリール基、アラルキル基、アミノ基、アミド基、アルコキシ基等により置換されたものであってもよい。
アリール基としては、R13のアリール基として例示したものが好ましく挙げられ、ヘテロアリール基としては、これらのアリール基を構成する任意の環原子の一個以上を、硫黄原子、酸素原子、窒素原子等のヘテロ原子に置き換えて得られるものが好ましく挙げられる。
また、(A)酸変性ビニル基含有エポキシ樹脂100質量部に対する(C2)アントラセン系増感剤の含有量としては、0.001~10質量部が好ましく、0.01~5質量部がより好ましく、0.03~3質量部がさらに好ましい。
(C3)成分は、イミダゾール系光重合開始剤、アクリジン系光重合開始剤、及びチタノセン系光重合開始剤から選ばれる少なくとも一種の光重合開始剤である。
本実施形態においては、上記の(B)アシルホスフィンオキサイド系光重合性開始剤と、(C3)成分との組み合わせが、とりわけ、パターン輪郭の直線性が良くレジスト形状に優れ、解像性に優れたパターンを形成する点で効果的である。
感光性樹脂組成物中の固形分全量を100質量部とする(B)アシルホスフィンオキサイド系光重合開始剤と(C3)光重合開始剤との合計含有量は、好ましく0.2~15質量部である。0.2質量部以上であると露光部が現像中に溶出しにくくなり、15質量部以下であると耐熱性が低下しにくくなる。また、同様の理由から、(B)光重合開始剤と(C3)光重合開始剤との合計含有量は、0.2~10質量部がより好ましく、0.2~5質量部がさらに好ましく、0.5~5質量部が特に好ましく、0.5~3質量部が極めて好ましい。
上記の(B)アシルホスフィンオキサイド系光重合性開始剤と(C3)光重合開始剤との質量比は、100:0.5~100:8が好ましく、100:1~100:6がより好ましく、100:1~100:5がさらに好ましい。質量比が上記範囲内であると、レジスト形状に優れ、底部硬化性、ビア孔径精度が向上する傾向があるので好ましい。
(C4)成分は、ヒンダードフェノール系酸化防止剤、キノン系酸化防止剤、アミン系酸化防止剤、硫黄系酸化防止剤、及びリン系酸化防止剤から選ばれる少なくとも一種の酸化防止剤である。
(C4)成分を用いることにより、レジスト形状に優れ、解像性に優れたパターンを形成でき、優れたはんだ耐熱性と耐フラックス腐食性を有するパターンを形成できる感光性樹脂組成物を得ることができる。
(C5)成分はチオール基含有化合物であり、該チオール基含有化合物は、水素供与体として有効に機能し、感光性樹脂組成物の光感度及び経日安定性をより向上させる効果を有すると考えられる。
これらの(C5)チオール基含有化合物は、1種単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。これらの中でも、水素供与体として有効に機能し、感光性樹脂組成物の感度及び経日安定性をより向上できる観点から、好ましくはメルカプトベンゾオキサゾール、メルカプトベンゾチアゾール及びメルカプトベンゾイミダゾール、より好ましくはメルカプトベンゾイミダゾールである。
本実施形態の感光性樹脂組成物は、(D)成分として光重合性化合物を含有する。
(D)光重合性化合物は、光重合性を示す官能基を有する化合物であれば特に制限はなく、例えば、ビニル基、アリル基、プロパギル基、ブテニル基、エチニル基、フェニルエチニル基、マレイミド基、ナジイミド基、(メタ)アクリロイル基等のエチレンオキサイド性不飽和基を有する化合物が好ましく挙げられ、反応性の観点から、(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する化合物であることがより好ましい。
本実施形態の感光性樹脂組成物は、(E)成分として無機フィラーを含有することが好ましい。
(E)無機フィラーは、感光性樹脂組成物の密着性、耐熱性、塗膜硬度等の諸特性を向上させる目的で、好ましく用いられるものである。(E)無機フィラーとしては、例えば、シリカ(SiO2)、アルミナ(Al2O3)、チタニア(TiO2)、酸化タンタル(Ta2O5)、ジルコニア(ZrO2)、窒化ケイ素(Si3N4)、チタン酸バリウム(BaO・TiO2)、炭酸バリウム(BaCO3)、炭酸マグネシウム、水酸化アルミニウム、水酸化マグネシウム、チタン酸鉛(PbO・TiO2)、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛(PZT)、チタン酸ジルコン酸ランタン鉛(PLZT)、酸化ガリウム(Ga2O3)、スピネル(MgO・Al2O3)、ムライト(3Al2O3・2SiO2)、コーディエライト(2MgO・2Al2O3・5SiO2)、タルク(3MgO・4SiO2・H2O)、チタン酸アルミニウム(TiO2・Al2O3)、イットリア含有ジルコニア(Y2O3・ZrO2)、ケイ酸バリウム(BaO・8SiO2)、窒化ホウ素(BN)、炭酸カルシウム(CaCO3)、硫酸バリウム(BaSO4)、硫酸カルシウム(CaSO4)、酸化亜鉛(ZnO)、チタン酸マグネシウム(MgO・TiO2)、ハイドロタルサイト、雲母、焼成カオリン、カーボン等が好ましく挙げられる。これらの(E)無機フィラーは、1種単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
本実施形態の感光性樹脂組成物は、(F)成分として顔料を含有することが好ましい。
(F)顔料は、配線パターンを隠蔽する際等に所望の色に応じて好ましく用いられるものである。(F)顔料としては、所望の色を発色する着色剤を適宜選択して用いればよく、着色剤としては、例えば、フタロシアニンブルー、フタロシアニングリーン、アイオディングリーン、ジアゾイエロー、クリスタルバイオレット等の公知の着色剤が好ましく挙げられる。
本実施形態の感光性樹脂組成物は、必要に応じて、粘度を調整するために、希釈剤を用いることができる。希釈剤としては、例えば、有機溶剤、光重合性モノマー等が好ましく挙げられる。有機溶剤は、例えば、上記のエポキシ樹脂(a)とビニル基含有モノカルボン酸(b)との反応において用い得る有機溶剤として例示した溶剤の中から適宜選択して用いることができる。また、光重合性モノマーとしては、上記の(D)光重合性化合物で例示したものが好ましく挙げられる。
ブロック型イソシアネートとしては、ポリイソシアネート化合物とイソシアネートブロック剤との付加反応生成物が用いられる。このポリイソシアネート化合物としては、例えば、トリレンジイソシアネート、キシリレンジイソシアネート、フェニレンジイソシアネート、ナフチレンジイソシアネート、ビス(イソシアネートメチル)シクロヘキサン、テトラメチレンジイソシアネート、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、メチレンジイソシアネート、トリメチルヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、イソホロンジイソシアネート等のポリイソシアネート化合物、並びにこれらのアダクト体、ビューレット体及びイソシアヌレート体などが好ましく挙げられる。
さらに、臭素化エポキシ化合物、酸変性臭素化エポキシ化合物、アンチモン化合物、リン系化合物のホスフェート化合物、芳香族縮合リン酸エステル、含ハロゲン縮合リン酸エステル等の難燃剤を用いることができる。
本実施形態の感光性樹脂組成物は、エラストマーを含有することができる。エラストマーは、特に、本実施形態の感光性樹脂組成物を半導体パッケージ基板の製造に用いる場合に好ましく用いられる。本実施形態の感光性樹脂組成物にエラストマーを添加することにより、紫外線、熱等により硬化反応が進行することで、(A)酸変性ビニル基含有エポキシ樹脂の硬化収縮による樹脂内部の歪み(内部応力)に起因した、可とう性及び接着性の低下を抑えることができる。
また、本実施形態の感光性樹脂組成物は、液体状であることが好ましい。液体状とすることで、後述する各種塗布方法により容易に永久マスクレジストを形成することができる。
本実施形態の感光性樹脂組成物は、感光性エレメント、及び永久マスクレジストの形成に好適に用いられ、本実施形態の感光性エレメント、及び永久マスクレジストは、本実施形態の感光性樹脂組成物を用いて形成されるものである。
本実施形態の感光性エレメントは、支持体と、該支持体上に本実施形態の感光性樹脂組成物を用いてなる感光層とを備えるものである。支持体としては、例えば、ポリエチレンテレフタレート等のポリエステル樹脂フィルム、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン樹脂フィルムなどの耐熱性及び耐溶剤性を有する樹脂フィルムが好ましく挙げられ、透明性の見地からは、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムを用いることが好ましい。また、支持体の厚さは、機械的強度、良好な解像度を得ること等を考慮すると、1~100μmが好ましく、1~50μmがより好ましく、1~30μmがさらに好ましい。
感光層(塗膜)を基材上に形成した後、ネガフィルムを直接接触させて、又は透明なフィルムを介し、紫外線等の活性線を好ましくは10~1,000mJ/cm2のエネルギー量で照射し、樹脂フィルムを貼り付けた場合は該樹脂フィルムを剥離して、未露光部を希アルカリ水溶液で溶解除去(現像)する。
次に、露光部分を後露光(紫外線露光)、後加熱、又は後露光及び後加熱によって充分硬化させて硬化膜を得る。後露光は、例えば、1~5J/cm2が好ましく、後加熱は、100~200℃で30分間~12時間が好ましい。
(1)表面硬化性の評価
各実施例及び比較例の感光性樹脂組成物を、厚さ35μmのPETフィルムに、乾燥後の膜厚が35μmになるようにアプリケータで塗布して塗膜を形成した。次いで、80℃で20分間熱風循環式乾燥機を用いて乾燥させた。得られた塗膜の表面の赤外吸収スペクトル(ATR(Attenuated Total Reflection)法)を下記条件にて測定した。
・測定装置:サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック(株)製、商品名:Nicolet iS50R
・積算回数:128回
次に、紫外線露光装置((株)ハイテック製、商品名:HTE-5102S)を用いて600mJ/cm2の露光量で露光した。露光後の塗膜の表面の赤外吸収スペクトル(ATR法)を、前記と同様の条件で測定し、露光前後における、1470cm-1に現れる炭素―炭素二重結合の変化率を下記式から求め、積算回数3回の平均値を表面硬化性(%)とした。
二重結合の変化率(%)=100-(露光後の炭素-炭素二重結合量/露光前の炭素-炭素二重結合量×100)
各実施例及び比較例の感光性樹脂組成物を、厚さ35μmのPETフィルムに、乾燥後の膜厚が35μmになるようにアプリケータで塗布して塗膜を形成した。次いで、80℃で20分間熱風循環式乾燥機を用いて乾燥させた。次に、塗膜にステップタブレット41段(日立化成(株)製)を密着させて、所定の積算露光量の紫外線(大日本スクリーン製造(株)製直描機、「LI9200(型番)」)を50mJ/cm2で全面照射した。次いで、1質量%の炭酸ナトリウム水溶液で60秒間現像した後、現像されずに残った塗膜の段数を確認した。段数により、以下の基準で評価した。
A(優良):10段以上
B(良): 6~9段
C(不良):5段以下
各実施例及び比較例の感光性樹脂組成物を、厚さ35μmのPETフィルムに、乾燥後の膜厚が35μmになるようにアプリケータで塗布して塗膜を形成した。次いで、80℃で20分間熱風循環式乾燥機を用いて乾燥させた。得られた塗膜の表面の赤外吸収スペクトル(ATR法)を下記条件にて測定した。
・測定装置:サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック(株)製、商品名:Nicolet iS50R
・積算回数:128回
次に、紫外線露光装置((株)ハイテック製、商品名:HTE-5102S)を用いて600mJ/cm2の露光量で露光した。その後、PETフィルムから露光した塗膜を剥がし、露光後のPETフィルム面側の塗膜の赤外吸収スペクトル(ATR法)を、前記と同様の条件で測定した。露光前後における、1470cm-1に現れる炭素-炭素二重結合の変化率を下記式から求め、積算回数3回の平均値を塗膜底部硬化性(%)とした。
二重結合の変化率(%)=100-(露光後の炭素-炭素二重結合量/露光前の炭素-炭素二重結合量×100)
各実施例及び比較例の感光性樹脂組成物を、50cm×50cmの大きさで、厚さ0.6mmの銅張積層基板(日立化成(株)製、商品名:MCL-E-67)に、乾燥後の膜厚が35μmになるようにスクリーン印刷法で塗布して塗膜を形成した後、80℃で20分間熱風循環式乾燥機を用いて乾燥させた。
次いで、図2に示される、穴径の大きさが100μm且つ穴間の間隔ピッチが100μmのパターン、及び穴径の大きさが80μm且つ穴間の間隔ピッチが80μmのパターンを有するネガマスクを各々塗膜に密着させ、紫外線露光装置((株)ハイテック製、商品名:HTE-5102S)を用いて表1~6に示される所定の露光量で露光した。
その後、1質量%の炭酸ナトリウム水溶液で60秒間、0.18MPa(1.8kgf/cm2)の圧力でスプレー現像し、未露光部を溶解現像した。次に、紫外線露光装置((株)ジーエス・ユアサ ライティング製、商品名:コンベア型UV照射装置)を用いて1000mJ/cm2の露光量で露光した後、150℃で1時間加熱して、試験片を作製した。
パターンが形成された試験片をエポキシ樹脂(三菱化学(株)製、エピコート828(商品名))と硬化剤としてトリエチレンテトラミンを用いた熱硬化性樹脂で注型し充分硬化後に、研磨機(リファインテック(株)製、商品名:リファインポリッシャー」)で研磨してパターンの断面を削り出してレジスト形状を金属顕微鏡で観察し、以下の基準で評価した。図1にレジストの断面形状を模式的に示す。
A(優良):レジスト形状は矩形又は台形を呈し、且つパターン輪郭の直線性が良かった。
B(不良):レジスト形状はアンダーカット、裾引き、若しくは太りが確認された、又はパターン輪郭の直線性が悪かった。
各実施例及び比較例の感光性樹脂組成物を、50cm×50cmの大きさで、厚さ0.6mmの銅張積層基板(日立化成(株)製、商品名:MCL-E-67)に、乾燥後の膜厚が35μmになるようにスクリーン印刷法で塗布して塗膜を形成した後、80℃で20分間熱風循環式乾燥機を用いて乾燥させた。
次いで、図2に示されるパターンを有するネガマスクを各々塗膜に密着させ、紫外線露光装置((株)ハイテック製、商品名:HTE-5102S)を用いて600mJ/cm2の露光量で露光した。その後、1質量%の炭酸ナトリウム水溶液で60秒間、0.18MPa(1.8kgf/cm2)の圧力でスプレー現像し、未露光部を溶解現像して試験片を作製した。得られた試験片のパターンについて、以下の基準で評価した。
A(優良):100μm及び80μmのパターンが80%再現された。
B(不良):100μm及び80μmのパターンが80%未満しか再現されなかった。
ここで、マイクロスコープを用いて、700倍に拡大して、100μm及び80μmのパターンを観察し、100μmのパターンの場合、パターン底部が80μm以上(パターン径に対して80%以上)の大きさで形成できている場合を、パターンが再現できたものとした。80μmのパターンの場合、パターン底部が64μm以上の大きさで形成できている場合を、パターンが再現できたものとした。なお、「A」、「B」の判断において、100μm及び80μmのパターンの総数に対して、形成できたパターンの総数が80%以上である場合を、「A」として評価した。
上記(4)レジスト形状の評価で用いた試験片と同じ条件で作製した試験片に、水溶性フラックス(アルファメタルズ(株)製、商品名:K-183)を塗布し、265℃のはんだ槽に10秒間浸漬した後、はんだ層から取り出した。浸漬と取り出しを1サイクルとして、6サイクル繰り返した後、塗膜外観を目視観察し、以下の基準で評価した。
A(優良):塗膜30cm×30cmの範囲内に、外観変化は確認されなかった。
B(良): 塗膜30cm×30cmの範囲内に、1個~5個の塗膜のウキ又はフクレが確認された。
C(不良):塗膜30cm×30cmの範囲内に、6個以上の塗膜のウキ又はフクレが確認された。
上記(4)レジスト形状の評価で用いた試験片と同じ条件で作製した試験片に、無洗浄型フラックス(千住金属工業(株)製、商品名:RMA SR-209)を塗布し、280℃に設定したはんだ槽に10秒間浸漬した後、はんだ層から取り出した。該浸漬と取り出しを1サイクルとして、10サイクル繰り返した後、取り出した試験片の塗膜外観を目視観察し、以下の基準で評価した。
A:レジストの塗膜の外観変化は確認されなかった。
B:わずかにレジストの塗膜の剥がれが確認されたが、実用上問題ない程度であった。
C:レジストの塗膜の膨れ又は剥がれが確認された。
上記(4)レジスト形状の評価で用いた試験片と同じ条件で作製した試験片を、-65℃で30分間保持した後、150℃で30分間保持する工程を1サイクルとして、1000サイクル繰り返した後、試験片の塗膜外観を目視観察し、以下の基準で評価した。
A(優良):塗膜30cm×30cmの範囲内に、外観変化は確認されなかった。
B(良): 塗膜30cm×30cmの範囲内に、1個~5個の塗膜のウキ又はフクレが確認された。
C(不良):塗膜30cm×30cmの範囲内に、6個以上の塗膜のウキ又はフクレが確認された。
各実施例及び比較例の感光性樹脂組成物を、銅表面をバフ研磨(深さ方向で5μm粗化)した厚さ0.6mmの銅張積層基板(日立化成(株)製、商品名:MCL-E-67)と化学研磨(メック(株)製の研磨剤CZ8101を使用して深さ方向で0.5μm粗化)した厚さ0.6mmの銅張積層基板(日立化成(株)製、商品名:MCL-E-67)に、乾燥後の膜厚が35μmになるようにスクリーン印刷法で塗布して塗膜を形成した後、80℃で20分間熱風循環式乾燥機を用いて乾燥させた。
次いで、図2に示されるパターンを有するネガマスクを各々塗膜に密着させ、紫外線露光装置((株)ハイテック製、商品名:HTE-5102S)を用いて600mJ/cm2の露光量で露光した。その後、1質量%の炭酸ナトリウム水溶液で60秒間、0.18MPa(1.8kgf/cm2)の圧力でスプレー現像し、未露光部を溶解現像した。次に、紫外線露光装置((株)ジーエス・ユアサ ライティング製、商品名:コンベア型UV照射装置)を用いて1000mJ/cm2の露光量で露光し、150℃で1時間加熱して、試験片を作製した。
得られた試験片について、JIS K5600に準じて、1mmのごばん目を100個作製し、セロハンテープ(ニチバン(株)製、商品名:セロテープ(登録商標))を貼り付けた後、90度の方向にセロハンテープを強制的に剥離する剥離試験を行った。ごばん目の剥離状態を観察し、以下の基準で評価した。
A(優良):90/100以上で剥離がなかった。
B(良): 50/100以上、90/100未満で剥離がなかった。
C(不良):0/100以上、50/100未満で剥離がなかった。
上記(4)レジスト形状の評価で用いた試験片と同じ条件で作製した試験片を、イソプロピルアルコールに室温で30分間浸漬し、外観に異常がないかを目視確認した。次に、浸漬後の試験片の塗膜にセロハンテープ(ニチバン(株)製、商品名:セロテープ(登録商標))を貼り付けた後、90度の方向にセロハンテープを強制的に剥離する剥離試験を行い、塗膜の剥離の有無を目視確認し、以下の基準で評価した。
A(優良):塗膜の外観に異常が確認されず、且つ剥離がなかった。
B(不良):塗膜の外観に異常が確認された、又は剥離した。
上記(4)レジスト形状の評価で用いた試験片と同じ条件で作製した試験片を、10質量%塩酸水溶液に室温で30分間浸漬し、外観に異常がないかを目視確認した。次に、浸漬後の試験片の塗膜にセロハンテープ(ニチバン(株)製、商品名:セロテープ(登録商標))を貼り付けた後、90度の方向にセロハンテープを強制的に剥離する剥離試験を行い、塗膜の剥離の有無を目視確認し、以下の基準で評価した。
A(優良):塗膜外観に異常が確認されず、且つ剥離がなかった。
B(不良):塗膜外観に異常が確認された、又は剥離した。
上記(4)レジスト形状の評価で用いた試験片と同じ条件で作製した試験片を、5質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に室温で30分間浸漬し、外観に異常がないかを目視確認した。次に、浸漬後の試験片の塗膜にセロハンテープ(ニチバン(株)製、商品名:セロテープ(登録商標))を貼り付けた後、90度の方向にセロハンテープを強制的に剥離する剥離試験を行い、塗膜の剥離の有無を目視確認し、以下の基準で評価した。
A(優良):塗膜外観に異常が確認されず、且つ剥離がなかった。
B(不良):塗膜外観に異常が確認された、又は剥離した。
上記(4)レジスト形状の評価において、図2に示されるパターンを、図3に示される1mm角の格子状のパターンとした以外は、上記(4)レジスト形状の評価と同様にして試験片を得た。次に、高活性の水溶性フラックス(アルファメタルズ(株)製、商品名:K-183)を得られた試験片の全面に塗布し、3分間縦置きで放置して余分なフラックスを除去した。次に、試験片を130℃で1分間プレヒートし、次いで280℃のはんだ槽に20秒間浸漬した後、はんだ槽から取り出した。室温にて1分間放冷してから水洗し、水滴を拭取ったところで、外観を目視観察した。また試験片の最小回路幅の箇所に24mm幅のセロハンテープ(ニチバン(株)製、商品名:セロテープ(登録商標))を貼り付け、90度の方向にセロハンテープを強制的に剥離する剥離試験を行い、剥離後の試験片の外観を目視観察し、以下の基準で評価した。
5:剥離試験後でもレジストが存在する部分の剥離は全く確認されなかった。
4:剥離試験後に、レジストが存在する部分の20%以下の剥離が確認された。
3:剥離試験前にレジストが存在する部分においてわずかに白化が確認され、剥離試験後にレジストが存在する部分20%以下の剥離が確認されたが、実用上は問題なかった。
2:剥離試験前にレジストが存在する部分において白化が確認され、剥離試験後にレジストが存在する部分の20%以上の剥離が確認された。
1:剥離試験前にレジストが存在する部分において著しい白化が確認され、剥離試験後に著しい剥離が確認された。
上記(4)レジスト形状の評価で用いた試験片と同じ条件で作製した試験片を、市販品の無電解ニッケルめっき浴及び無電解金めっき浴を用いて、ニッケル5μm、金0.05μmの厚みとなる条件でめっきを行った。めっき後、めっきの染み込みの有無を目視確認した。次に、浸漬後の試験片の塗膜にセロハンテープ(ニチバン(株)製、商品名:セロテープ(登録商標))を貼り付けた後、90度の方向にセロハンテープを強制的に剥離する剥離試験を行い、塗膜の剥離の有無を目視確認し、以下の基準で評価した。
A:染み込み、及び剥がれが見られなかった。
B:めっき後に染み込みが見られたが、剥がれは見られなかった。
C:めっき後に剥がれが見られた。
クレゾールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂(新日鉄住金化学(株)製、商品名:YDCN704、一般式(I)において、Y1=グリシジル基、R11=メチル基)220質量部、アクリル酸72質量部、ハイドロキノン1.0質量部、カルビトールアセテート180質量部を混合し、90℃に加熱、撹拌して反応混合物を溶解させた。次いで、60℃に冷却し、塩化ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウム1質量部を混合し、100℃に加熱して、固形分酸価が1mgKOH/gになるまで反応させた。次いで、テトラヒドロ無水フタル酸152質量部とカルビトールアセテート100質量部を混合し、80℃に加熱し、6時間撹拌した。室温まで冷却した後、固形分濃度が60質量%になるようにカルビトールアセテートで希釈して酸変性ビニル基含有エポキシ樹脂(I)を含む溶液を得た。
なお、実施例における固形分酸価は中和滴定法によって測定した。具体的には、酸変性ビニル其含有エポキシ樹脂を含む溶液1gにアセトン30gを添加し、さらに均一に溶解させた後、指示薬であるフェノールフタレインを、上記酸変性ビニル其含有エポキシ樹脂を含む溶液に適量添加して、0.1Nの水酸化カリウム水溶液を用いて滴定を行うことで測定した。
ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂(新日鉄住金化学(株)製、商品名:YDF2001、一般式(II)において、Y2=グリシジル基、R12=H)475質量部、アクリル酸72質量部、ハイドロキノン0.5質量部、カルビトールアセテート120質量部を混合し、90℃に加熱、撹拌して反応混合物を溶解させた。次いで、60℃に冷却し、塩化ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウム2質量部を混合し、100℃に加熱して、固形分酸価が1mgKOH/gになるまで反応させた。次いで、テトラヒドロ無水フタル酸230質量部とカルビトールアセテート85質量部を混合し、80℃に加熱し、6時間撹拌した。室温まで冷却した後、固形分濃度が60質量%になるようにカルビトールアセテートで希釈して酸変性ビニル基含有エポキシ樹脂(II)-aを含む溶液を得た。
温度計、滴下ロート、冷却管、及び撹拌機を設けたフラスコに、80℃で溶解させたビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)メタン272質量部を仕込み、80℃で撹拌を開始した。これにメタンホスホン酸3質量部を添加し、液温が80~90℃の範囲を維持するように、パラホルムアルデヒド水溶液(濃度:92質量%)16.3質量部を1時間かけて滴下した。滴下が終了した後、110℃まで加熱し、2時間撹拌した。次いで、さらにメチルイソブチルケトン1000質量部を加え、分液ロートに移して水洗した。洗浄水が中性を示すまで水洗を続けた後、有機層から溶媒及び未反応のビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)メタンを加熱減圧下(温度:220℃、圧力:66.7Pa)で除去し、褐色固体であるビスフェノール系ノボラック樹脂164質量部を得た。得られたビスフェノール系ノボラック樹脂の軟化点は74℃、水酸基当量は154g/eqであった。
なお、樹脂の軟化点は、JIS-K7234:1986に定める環球法に準拠して測定した(昇温速度:5℃/分)。
温度計、滴下ロート、冷却管、及び撹拌機を設けたフラスコに、80℃で溶解させた2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン272質量部を仕込み、80℃で撹拌を開始した。これにメタンホスホン酸3質量部を添加し、液温が80~90℃の範囲を維持するように、パラホルムアルデヒド(92質量%)16.3質量部を1時間かけて滴下した。滴下が終了した後、110℃まで加熱し、2時間撹拌した。次いで、さらにメチルイソブチルケトン1000質量部を加え、分液ロートに移して水洗した。洗浄水が中性を示すまで水洗を続けた後、有機層から溶媒及び未反応の2,2-(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパンを加熱減圧下(温度:240℃、圧力:26.7Pa)に除去し、褐色固体であるビスフェノール系ノボラック樹脂164質量部を得た。得られたビスフェノール系ノボラック樹脂の軟化点は87℃、水酸基当量は174g/eqであった。
温度計、滴下ロート、冷却管、及び撹拌機を設けたフラスコに、ビスフェノールFノボラック型エポキシ樹脂(DIC(株)製、商品名:EXA-7376、一般式(IV)において、Y4及びY5=グリシジル基、R13=水素原子)350質量部、アクリル酸70質量部、メチルハイドロキノン0.5質量部、カルビトールアセテート120質量部を混合し、90℃に加熱して撹拌することにより反応させ、混合物を完全に溶解した。次に、得られた溶液を60℃に冷却し、トリフェニルホスフィン2質量部を加え、100℃に加熱して、溶液の酸価が1mgKOH/gになるまで反応させた。反応後の溶液に、テトラヒドロ無水フタル酸(THPAC)98質量部とカルビトールアセテート85質量部とを加え、80℃に加熱して、6時間反応させた。その後、室温まで冷却し、固形分の濃度が73質量%である酸変性ビニル基含有エポキシ樹脂(IV)-cを含む溶液を得た。
温度計、滴下ロート、冷却管、及び撹拌機を設けたフラスコに、ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂(三菱化学(株)製、商品名:4004、エポキシ当量:526g/eq、一般式(II)において、Y2=水素原子、R12=水素原子)1,052質量部、アクリル酸(b)144質量部、メチルハイドロキノン1質量部、カルビトールアセテート850質量部及びソルベントナフサ100質量部を混合し、70℃で加熱撹拌して、混合物を溶解した。次に、溶液を50℃まで冷却し、トリフェニルホスフィン2質量部、ソルベントナフサ75質量部を混合し、100℃に加熱し、固形分酸価が1mgKOH/g以下になるまで反応させた。次に、得られた溶液を50℃まで冷却し、テトラヒドロ無水フタル酸(THPAC)745質量部、カルビトールアセテート75質量部及びソルベントナフサ75質量部を混合し、80℃に加熱して、6時間反応させた。その後、室温まで冷却し、固形分酸価80mgKOH/g、固形分が62質量%である酸変性ビニル基含有エポキシ樹脂(II)-bを含む溶液を得た。
表1~6に示す配合組成に従って組成物を配合し、3本ロールミルにより混練し感光性樹脂組成物を調製した。固形分濃度が70質量%になるようにカルビトールアセテートを加えて、感光性樹脂組成物を得た。得られた感光性樹脂組成物を用いて、上記の評価方法に基づき評価した。評価結果を表1~6に示す。なお、表中の各成分の配合量の単位は、質量部であり、表中(A)成分の配合量は各合成例で得られたエポキシ樹脂を含む溶液としての配合量を意味する。
表6に示す配合組成に従って、実施例1と同様の方法で感光性樹脂組成物を調製した。得られた各感光性樹脂組成物をメチルエチルケトンにて希釈し、PETフィルム上に塗布した後、90℃で10分乾燥し、厚さ25μmの感光性樹脂組成物からなる感光層を形成した。さらにその上にポリエチレンフィルム(保護層)を貼り合わせて感光性エレメントを作製した。
上記で得られた感光性エレメントから保護層を剥がし、ベタの銅箔基板に、該感光性エレメントを熱ラミネートした。次いで、図2に示される、穴径の大きさが100μm且つ穴間の間隔ピッチが100μmのパターン、又は穴径の大きさが80μm且つ穴間の間隔ピッチが80μmのパターンを有するネガマスクを塗膜に密着させ、紫外線露光装置((株)ハイテック製、商品名:HTE-5102S)を用いて表6に示される所定の露光量で露光した。その後、1質量%の炭酸ナトリウム水溶液で60秒間、0.18MPa(1.8kgf/cm2)の圧力でスプレー現像し、未露光部を溶解現像した。次に、紫外線露光装置((株)ジーエス・ユアサ ライティング製、商品名:コンベア型UV照射装置)を用いて1000mJ/cm2の露光量で露光した後、150℃で1時間加熱し、試験片を作製した。得られた試験片を用いて、実施例31と同様の評価を行った。評価結果を表6に示す。
・イルガキュア819:ビス(2,4,6‐トリメチルベンゾイル)フェニルホスフィンオキサイド(BASFジャパン(株)製、商品名)
・ダロキュアTPO:2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイルジフェニルホスフィンオキサイド(BASFジャパン(株)製、商品名)
・イルガキュア907:2-メチル-[4-(メチルチオ)フェニル]モルホリノ-1-プロパノン(BASFジャパン(株)製、商品名)
・イルガキュアOXE01:(1,2-オクタンジオン,1-[4-(フェニルチオ)-,2-(o-ベンゾイルオキシム)](BASFジャパン(株)、商品名)
・カヤラッドDPHA:ジペンタエリスリトールペンタアクリレート(日本化薬(株)製、商品名)
・BaSO4:堺化学工業(株)製
・SiO2:(株)龍森製
・エピコート828:ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂(三菱化学(株)製、商品名)
これに対して比較例1~4では、底部硬化性とレジスト形状の問題が解消されず、また、永久マスクレジスト(はんだレジスト)のパターン周囲の太りも発生しており不充分な結果であった。
・イルガキュア819:ビス(2,4,6‐トリメチルベンゾイル)フェニルホスフィンオキサイド(BASFジャパン(株)製、商品名)
・ダロキュアTPO:2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイルジフェニルホスフィンオキサイド(BASFジャパン(株)製、商品名)
・イルガキュア907:2-メチル-[4-(メチルチオ)フェニル]モルホリノ-1-プロパノン(BASFジャパン(株)製、商品名)
・イルガキュア369:2-ベンゾイル-2-ジメチルアミノ-1-(4-モルホリノ-フェニル)ブタノン-1(BASFジャパン(株)製、商品名)
・ピラゾリン系増感剤:1-フェニル-3-(4-tert-ブチル-スチリル)-5-(4-tert-ブチル-フェニル)-ピラゾリン
・EAB:4,4’-ジエチルアミノベンゾフェノン(保土ヶ谷化学(株)製)
・DETX-S:2,4-ジエチルチオキサントン((日本化薬(株)製)
・カヤラッドDPHA:ジペンタエリスリトールペンタアクリレート(日本化薬(株)製、商品名)
・BaSO4:堺化学工業(株)製
・SiO2:(株)龍森製
・エピコート828:ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂(三菱化学(株)製、商品名)
これに対して比較例5~12では、底部硬化性とレジスト形状の問題が解消されず、また、永久マスクレジスト(はんだレジスト)のパターン(穴径の大きさが100μm且つ穴間の間隔ピッチ100μmのパターン、又は穴径の大きさが80μm且つ穴間の間隔が80μmのパターン)周囲の太りも発生しており不充分な結果であった。
・イルガキュア819:ビス(2,4,6‐トリメチルベンゾイル)フェニルホスフィンオキサイド(BASFジャパン(株)製、商品名)
・ダロキュアTPO:2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイルジフェニルホスフィンオキサイド(BASFジャパン(株)製、商品名)
・イルガキュア907:2-メチル-[4-(メチルチオ)フェニル]モルフォリノ-1-プロパノン(BASFジャパン(株)製、商品名)
・アントラセン系増感剤1:9,10-ジブトキシアントラセン
・アントラセン系増感剤2:9,10-ジエトキシアントラセン
・アントラセン系増感剤3:9,10-ジプロポキシアントラセン
・EAB:4,4’-ジエチルアミノベンゾフェノン(保土ヶ谷化学(株)製)
・DETX-S:2,4-ジエチルチオキサントン(日本化薬(株)製)
・カヤラッドDPHA:ジペンタエリスリトールペンタアクリレート(日本化薬(株)製、商品名)
・BaSO4:堺化学工業(株)製
・SiO2:(株)龍森製
・エピコート828:ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂(三菱化学(株)製、商品名)
これに対して比較例13~20では、光硬化性及び底部硬化性が低く、レジスト形状はアンダーカットを呈してしまい、レジスト形状が悪かった。
・イルガキュア819:ビス(2,4,6‐トリメチルベンゾイル)フェニルホスフィンオキサイド(BASFジャパン(株)製、商品名)
・ダロキュアTPO:2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイルジフェニルホスフィンオキサイド(BASFジャパン(株)製、商品名)
・イルガキュア907:2-メチル-[4-(メチルチオ)フェニル]モルホリノ-1-プロパノン(BASFジャパン(株)製、商品名)
・イミダゾール:2-(o-クロロフェニル)-4,5-ジフェニルイミダゾール二量体
・アクリジン:1,7-ビス(9,9’-アクリジニル)ヘプタン
・チタノセン:ビス(η5-シクロペンタジエニル)-ビス(2,6-ジフルオロ-3-(1H-ピロール-1-イル)フェニル)チタニウム
・イルガキュアOXE01:(1,2-オクタンジオン,1-[4-(フェニルチオ)-,2-(o-ベンゾイルオキシム)](BASFジャパン(株)製、商品名)
・カヤラッドDPHA:ジペンタエリスリトールペンタアクリレート(日本化薬(株)製、商品名)
・BaSO4:堺化学工業(株)製
・SiO2:(株)龍森製
・エピコート828:ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂(三菱化学(株)製、商品名)
これに対して比較例21~24では、底部硬化性とレジスト形状の問題が解消されず、また、永久マスクレジストのパターン周囲の太りも発生しており不充分な結果であった。
・イルガキュア819:ビス(2,4,6‐トリメチルベンゾイル)フェニルホスフィンオキサイド(BASFジャパン(株)製、商品名)
・ダロキュアTPO:2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイルジフェニルホスフィンオキサイド(BASFジャパン(株)製、商品名)
・イルガキュア907:2-メチル-[4-(メチルチオ)フェニル]モルフォリノ-1-プロパノン(BASFジャパン(株)製、商品名)
・イルガノックス1010:ペンタエリトリトールテトラキス[3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオナート](BASFジャパン(株)製、商品名)
・イルガノックス1035:チオジエチレンビス[3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオナート](BASFジャパン(株)製、商品名)
・イルガノックス1076:オクタデシル[3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオナート](BASFジャパン(株)製、商品名)
・カヤラッドDPHA:ジペンタエリスリトールペンタアクリレート(日本化薬(株)製、商品名)
・BaSO4:堺化学工業(株)製
・SiO2:(株)龍森製
・エピコート828:ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂(三菱化学(株)製、商品名)
これに対して比較例25~30では、表面硬化性及び底部硬化性が低く、レジスト形状はアンダーカットを呈してしまい、比較例29及び30では、現像時の照射線量を大きくしたことで、表面硬化性及び底部硬化性は良好であったものの、ハレーションが大きくなり、パターン断面の表面部(上部)の線幅に対して中間部(中心部)及び最深部(底部)の線幅が大きくなってしまい、レジスト形状が悪化した。
・イルガキュア819:ビス(2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイル)フェニルホスフィンオキサイド(BASFジャパン(株)製、商品名)
・イルガキュア907:2-メチル-[4-(メチルチオ)フェニル]モルホリノ-1-プロパノン(BASFジャパン(株)製、商品名)
・DETX-S:2,4-ジエチルチオキサントン(日本化薬(株)製、商品名)
・MBI:メルカプトベンゾイミダゾール
・フタロシアニン系顔料:山陽色素(株)製
・アロニックスM402:ジペンタエリストールヘキサアクリレート(東亜合成(株)製、商品名)
・BaSO4:堺化学工業(株)製
・SiO2:(株)龍森製
・YSLV-80XY:テトラメチルビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂(新日鐵化学(株)製、商品名)
・RE-306:ノボラック型多官能エポキシ樹脂(日本化薬(株)製、商品名)
・PB-3600:エポキシ化ポリブタジエン(ダイセル化学(株)製、商品名)
・SP1108:ポリエステル樹脂(日立化成(株)製、商品名)
・DICY 7:ジシアンジアミド
また、耐無電界めっき性、はんだ耐熱性、耐クラック性、密着性、耐溶剤性、耐薬品性(耐酸性、耐アルカリ性)等の各種性能にも優れていることが確認された。
これに対して比較例31~34の感光性樹脂組成物は、レジスト形状が悪化すると共に、はんだ耐熱性、及び耐クラック性にも劣るものであった。
Claims (15)
- (A)酸変性ビニル基含有エポキシ樹脂と、(B)アシルホスフィンオキサイド系光重合開始剤と、(C1)アルキルアミノベンゼン誘導体、(C2)ピラゾリン系増感剤又はアントラセン系増感剤、(C3)イミダゾール系光重合開始剤、アクリジン系光重合開始剤、及びチタノセン系光重合開始剤から選ばれる少なくとも一種の光重合開始剤、(C4)ヒンダードフェノール系酸化防止剤、キノン系酸化防止剤、アミン系酸化防止剤、硫黄系酸化防止剤、及びリン系酸化防止剤から選ばれる少なくとも一種の酸化防止剤、並びに(C5)チオール基含有化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種の(C)添加剤と、(D)光重合性化合物とを含む感光性樹脂組成物。
- (A)酸変性ビニル基含有エポキシ樹脂が、一般式(I)で示される構成単位を有するエポキシ樹脂、一般式(II)で示される構成単位を有するエポキシ樹脂、一般式(III)で示される構成単位を有するエポキシ樹脂、一般式(IV)で示される構成単位を有するビスフェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、及び一般式(V)で示される構成単位を有するビスフェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂から選ばれる少なくとも一種のエポキシ樹脂(a)とビニル基含有モノカルボン酸(b)とを反応させて得られる樹脂(a’)と、飽和基又は不飽和基含有多塩基酸無水物(c)とを反応させて得られる樹脂である、請求項1に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
〔式(I)中、R11は水素原子又はメチル基を示し、Y1はグリシジル基を示す。〕
〔式(II)中、R12は水素原子又はメチル基を示し、Y2はグリシジル基を示す。複数のR12は同一でも異なっていてもよい。〕
〔式(III)中、Y3は水素原子又はグリシジル基を示し、少なくとも一つのY3はグリシジル基を示し、複数のY3は同一でも異なっていてもよい。〕
〔式(IV)中、R13は水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基、アラルキル基、スルホン基、又はトリハロメチル基を示し、Y4は水素原子又はグリシジル基を示し、少なくとも一つのY4はグリシジル基を示し、複数のR13は同一でも異なっていてもよい。〕
〔式(V)中、R14は水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基、アラルキル基、スルホン基、又はトリハロメチル基を示し、Y5は水素原子又はグリシジル基を示し、少なくとも一つのY5はグリシジル基を示し、複数のR14は同一でも異なっていてもよい。〕 - (B)アシルホスフィンオキサイド系光重合開始剤が、(2,6-ジメトキシベンゾイル)-2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイル-ペンチルホスフィンオキサイド、ビス(2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイル)-フェニルホスフィンオキサイド、2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイルジフェニルホスフィンオキサイド、エチル-2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイルフェニルホスフィネイト、ビス(2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイル)-フェニルホスフィンオキサイド、(2,5-ジヒドロキシフェニル)ジフェニルホスフィンオキサイド、(p-ヒドロキシフェニル)ジフェニルホスフィンオキサイド、ビス(p-ヒドロキシフェニル)フェニルホスフィンオキサイド、及びトリス(p-ヒドロキシフェニル)ホスフィンオキサイドより選ばれた少なくとも一種である、請求項1又は2に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- (C)添加剤が、フェニルグリシン誘導体、アミノ安息香酸誘導体、及びアミノ安息香酸エステル誘導体から選ばれる少なくとも一種の(C1)アルキルアミノベンゼン誘導体である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- (C)添加剤が、ジアルキルアントラセン、ジフェニルアントラセン、及びジアルコキシアントラセンから選ばれる少なくとも一種の(C2)アントラセン系増感剤である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- (C)添加剤が、2,4,5-トリアリールイミダゾール二量体、1,7-ビス(9,9’-アクリジニル)ヘプタン、ビス(η5-シクロペンタジエニル)-ビス(2,6-ジフルオロ-3-(1H-ピロール-1-イル)フェニル)チタニウム、及びビス(2,4-シクロペンタジエニル)-ビス(2,6-ジフルオロ-3-(1-ピリル)フェニル)チタニウムから選ばれる少なくとも一種の(C3)光重合開始剤である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- (C)添加剤が、ヒンダードフェノール系酸化防止剤、硫黄系酸化防止剤、及びリン系酸化防止剤から選ばれる少なくとも一種の(C4)酸化防止剤である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- (C)添加剤が、メルカプトベンゾオキサゾール、メルカプトベンゾチアゾール、及びメルカプトベンゾイミダゾールから選ばれる少なくとも1種の(C5)チオール基含有化合物である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記(D)光重合性化合物が、(メタ)アクリロイル基を含有する化合物である、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- さらに、(E)無機フィラーを含有する請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 永久マスクレジストの形成に用いられる請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 支持体と、該支持体上に請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物を用いてなる感光層とを備える感光性エレメント。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物により形成される永久マスクレジスト。
- 請求項14に記載の永久マスクレジストを具備するプリント配線板。
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| KR1020217039725A KR20210150619A (ko) | 2013-08-02 | 2014-08-01 | 감광성 수지 조성물 |
| KR1020157037171A KR20160039579A (ko) | 2013-08-02 | 2014-08-01 | 감광성 수지 조성물 |
| KR1020237027572A KR20230124105A (ko) | 2013-08-02 | 2014-08-01 | 감광성 수지 조성물 |
| CN201480042096.6A CN105431778A (zh) | 2013-08-02 | 2014-08-01 | 感光性树脂组合物 |
| KR1020217011421A KR102570738B1 (ko) | 2013-08-02 | 2014-08-01 | 감광성 수지 조성물 |
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| WO (1) | WO2015016362A1 (ja) |
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| JP2020042190A (ja) * | 2018-09-11 | 2020-03-19 | 太陽インキ製造株式会社 | めっきレジスト用感光性樹脂組成物、ドライフィルムおよびプリント配線板の製造方法 |
| KR20210031374A (ko) * | 2019-09-11 | 2021-03-19 | 가부시키가이샤 다무라 세이사쿠쇼 | 감광성 수지 조성물, 감광성 수지 조성물을 갖는 드라이 필름 및 감광성 수지 조성물의 광경화물을 갖는 프린트 배선판 |
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| JP2021043335A (ja) * | 2019-09-11 | 2021-03-18 | 株式会社タムラ製作所 | 感光性樹脂組成物、感光性樹脂組成物を有するドライフィルム及び感光性樹脂組成物の光硬化物を有するプリント配線板 |
| CN114437406A (zh) * | 2020-11-06 | 2022-05-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 复配型抗氧剂和丁二烯橡胶组合物及其应用 |
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| KR20220134470A (ko) | 2021-03-26 | 2022-10-05 | 다이요 잉키 세이조 가부시키가이샤 | 감광성 수지 조성물, 경화물, 프린트 배선판 및 프린트 배선판의 제조 방법 |
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| JPWO2023074629A1 (ja) * | 2021-10-26 | 2023-05-04 | ||
| CN115524924A (zh) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-12-27 | 昭和电工材料株式会社 | 感光性树脂组合物、感光性元件及层叠体的制造方法 |
| WO2023073799A1 (ja) * | 2021-10-26 | 2023-05-04 | 株式会社レゾナック | 感光性樹脂組成物、感光性エレメント、及び、積層体の製造方法 |
| KR20240168423A (ko) | 2022-03-28 | 2024-11-29 | 다이요 홀딩스 가부시키가이샤 | 경화물 및 프린트배선판 |
| WO2025070691A1 (ja) * | 2023-09-29 | 2025-04-03 | 太陽ホールディングス株式会社 | 感光性樹脂組成物、ドライフィルム、硬化物、およびプリント配線板 |
| WO2025220085A1 (ja) * | 2024-04-15 | 2025-10-23 | 株式会社レゾナック | 感光性エレメント、レジストパターンの形成方法、及び配線基板の製造方法 |
| CN120540006A (zh) * | 2025-06-30 | 2025-08-26 | 湖南初源新材料股份有限公司 | 感光性树脂组合物、感光干膜及其应用 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| TWI683186B (zh) | 2020-01-21 |
| KR20210046830A (ko) | 2021-04-28 |
| KR102570738B1 (ko) | 2023-08-25 |
| CN105431778A (zh) | 2016-03-23 |
| TWI691792B (zh) | 2020-04-21 |
| KR20210150619A (ko) | 2021-12-10 |
| KR20230124105A (ko) | 2023-08-24 |
| JPWO2015016362A1 (ja) | 2017-03-02 |
| KR20160039579A (ko) | 2016-04-11 |
| TW201937290A (zh) | 2019-09-16 |
| JP6455433B2 (ja) | 2019-01-23 |
| TW201523150A (zh) | 2015-06-16 |
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