WO2015015069A1 - Procédé de captation d'un metal lourd contenu dans un gaz humide intégrant une pompe à chaleur pour refroidir le gaz avant élimination de l'eau - Google Patents
Procédé de captation d'un metal lourd contenu dans un gaz humide intégrant une pompe à chaleur pour refroidir le gaz avant élimination de l'eau Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015015069A1 WO2015015069A1 PCT/FR2014/051495 FR2014051495W WO2015015069A1 WO 2015015069 A1 WO2015015069 A1 WO 2015015069A1 FR 2014051495 W FR2014051495 W FR 2014051495W WO 2015015069 A1 WO2015015069 A1 WO 2015015069A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/64—Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
- B01D53/265—Drying gases or vapours by refrigeration (condensation)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/343—Heat recovery
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/81—Solid phase processes
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0274—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04 characterised by the type of anion
- B01J20/0285—Sulfides of compounds other than those provided for in B01J20/045
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
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- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3202—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the carrier, support or substrate used for impregnation or coating
- B01J20/3204—Inorganic carriers, supports or substrates
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- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
- B01J20/3234—Inorganic material layers
- B01J20/3236—Inorganic material layers containing metal, other than zeolites, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, sulphides or salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
- C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
- C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
- C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
- C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
- C10L3/102—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants
- C10L3/103—Sulfur containing contaminants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
- C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
- C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
- C10L3/102—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants
- C10L3/104—Carbon dioxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
- C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
- C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
- C10L3/106—Removal of contaminants of water
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
- B01D2251/602—Oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/112—Metals or metal compounds not provided for in B01D2253/104 or B01D2253/106
- B01D2253/1124—Metal oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/112—Metals or metal compounds not provided for in B01D2253/104 or B01D2253/106
- B01D2253/1128—Metal sulfides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
- B01D2256/24—Hydrocarbons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/60—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/60—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
- B01D2257/602—Mercury or mercury compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/80—Water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/06—Heat exchange, direct or indirect
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/30—Pressing, compressing or compacting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of the treatment of gaseous effluents containing heavy metals, in particular effluents of petroleum origin and their derivatives such as natural gas and synthesis gas. More specifically, the invention relates to the capture of heavy metals, and in particular mercury or arsenic, present in a wet gaseous effluent, using a process which, at first, makes it possible to reduce the hygrometry gas and then, in a second step, to purify the effluent thus partially dehumidified by a heavy metal capture technology.
- Mercury is a metal contaminant found in gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons produced in many parts of the world such as the Gulf of Niger, South America, North Africa or the Asia-Pacific region.
- mercury is desired at the industrial level for several reasons.
- the presence of mercury in these hydrocarbons poses risks to operators working in contact with these products because mercury is toxic.
- mercury is volatile and presents a serious risk of inhalation neurotoxicity.
- mercury has similar risks of skin contact neurotoxicity.
- the presence of mercury in hydrocarbons is detrimental to conventional processing operations used to recover these hydrocarbons.
- the hydrocarbons are subjected to catalytic reactions such as the selective hydrogenation of olefins produced by steam cracking or catalytic cracking of liquid hydrocarbons.
- the catalysts used generally comprising noble metals such as platinum and palladium can be deactivated by mercury.
- mercury induces sintering of catalysts by amalgam nanoparticles noble metals.
- the reduction of the specific surface of the catalysts leads to a very significant loss of their catalytic activity.
- the removal of mercury is important because its presence can lead to corrosion problems of cryogenic heat exchangers based on aluminum, which can lead to serious industrial consequences. Among other things for these reasons, it is desired to eliminate or at least reduce the mercury concentration in the gaseous hydrocarbon effluents.
- the impurity to be removed in this case mercury, is then retained irreversibly, preferably by chemisorption, within or on the surface of the capture mass and the effluent discharged from the capture mass bed is then purified.
- Mercury uptake can be achieved by reacting mercury with an elemental sulfur phase in a capture mass.
- elemental sulfur, S reacts irreversibly with the elemental mercury, Hg °, as follows: Hg ° (g / I) + S (s) ⁇ HgS (s) (1)
- Hg ° (g / l) is meant that the mercury is dissolved in a gaseous (g) or liquid (I) fluid phase.
- (s) refers to the solid phases consisting of the active phase of the uptake mass and the reaction product.
- HgS The formed product, HgS, called cinnabar or metacinabrium, is a chemically and solid inert mineral phase over a wide temperature range.
- the mercury is thus trapped in the capture mass and the effluent to be treated is purified.
- Other active phases may be used such as metal sulphides such as copper sulphide (CuS).
- the capture masses are obtained by active phase impregnation methods on porous supports of the activated carbon or alumina type or by co-granulation of the active phase with a binder such as for example oxide aluminum.
- smaller pores, especially micropores (d ⁇ 2nm) are therefore much more sensitive than mesopores (2 ⁇ d ⁇ 50 nm) or macropores (d> 50nm) to the phenomenon of capillary condensation (d corresponding to the pore diameter ).
- the relative humidity of the natural gas also called humidity rate or hygrometry rate or degree of hygrometry, corresponds to the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor contained in the gas to the saturated vapor pressure, also called vapor pressure, at the same temperature. It is therefore a measure of the ratio between the water vapor content of the air and its maximum capacity to contain it under these conditions of pressure and temperature.
- the capillary condensation mechanism can also take place with hydrocarbon vapors or volatile organic compounds.
- the mercury guard bed is important to place at an appropriate place on the process chain to operate the unit optimally.
- the gas is extracted from the geological medium on production wells.
- natural gas is loaded with water and liquid hydrocarbons (condensates).
- a three-phase flow composed of gas, liquid and sludge is thus obtained, which is channeled into a unit for trapping sludge, commonly called "slug catcher".
- the "slug catcher” is in the form of pipes arranged according to a studied slope which makes it possible to control the flow of the mixture and to deposit the sludge.
- the mixture is sent to a separator called primary.
- Three phases are thus obtained: water, condensates and gas.
- the gas from the primary separator is sent to a coalescer which returns to the primary separator the liquid entrainment.
- the gas is theoretically just saturation, but in practice there is often the presence of more or less significant liquid entrainment, usually in the form of droplets suspended in the gas, depending coalescer performance installed.
- the gas is then generally deacidified by an acid gas removal unit - usually an amine treatment - which selectively removes H 2 S and CO 2 .
- the gas thus treated then passes to a drying unit allowing the hygrometry rate to be lowered to values of a few ppm.
- the drying of the natural gas can be conducted exclusively by contact with a glycol solution or by circulation in a bed of adsorbents.
- the positioning of the mercury bed guard downstream of the drying device causes mercury contamination of the entire process chain upstream of the guard bed. Even if the mercury guard bed is placed between the deacidification and dehydration units, the entire process chain upstream of the guard bed, especially the amine treatment unit, is polluted with mercury.
- coalescer If the coalescer is not very effective or even damaged, continuous liquid (water and condensate) drives can feed the demercurization unit. On the other hand, even at saturation, thermal losses in the line between the coalescer and the demercurization unit can generate condensation. Especially if the line is long, if it is raining or if it is cold, the line is not insulated the demercurization unit will receive more liquids.
- the object of this invention is to propose an optimized wet gas treatment method which makes it possible to place the heavy metal guard bed downstream of a gas-liquid separator, for example a coalescer, and, preferably, upstream of the acid gas removal step while ensuring optimal operation of the heavy metal collection masses by performing a partial dehumidification of the wet gas from the gas-liquid separator.
- a gas-liquid separator for example a coalescer
- the invention describes a method for capturing a heavy metal, chosen from mercury and arsenic, contained in a wet gas comprising water vapor, in which the following steps are carried out: a) the wet gas is cooled by heat exchange with a coolant produced in step e) so as to obtain a gas cooled to a temperature Tf, the coolant being vaporized during step a),
- step b) separating at least a portion of the condensed water contained in the cooled gas obtained in step a) so as to obtain a gas depleted of water and a liquid stream containing water,
- step c) the vaporized heat transfer fluid obtained in step a) is compressed so as to obtain a compressed heat transfer fluid
- step d) the water depleted gas is heated by heat exchange with the compressed heat transfer fluid obtained in step c) so as to obtain a cooled heat transfer fluid and a gas heated to a temperature Te,
- step e) the cooled heat transfer fluid obtained in step d) is expanded, the expanded heat transfer fluid being recycled in step a),
- step f) the heated gas obtained in step d) is contacted with a heavy metal capture mass to obtain a heavy metal depleted gas.
- the temperature Te can be determined in such a way that the heated moist gas obtained in step d) has a relative humidity of less than 90%.
- the difference between Te and Tf can be less than 50 ° C.
- the capture mass may comprise, in particular for capturing mercury, an active phase chosen from at least one metal sulphide based on a metal selected from the group consisting of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese ( Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni).
- an active phase chosen from at least one metal sulphide based on a metal selected from the group consisting of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese ( Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni).
- the capture mass may comprise an active phase composed of elemental sulfur.
- the capture mass may comprise an active phase composed of a metal oxide based on a metal chosen from at least one metal oxide precursor of a metal selected from copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni).
- the capture mass may include, in particular for capturing arsenic, an active phase composed of at least one metal oxide of a metal selected from copper (Cu) and lead (Pb).
- the active phase may be distributed on a porous support, the porous support being chosen from the group consisting of aluminas, phosphorus aluminas, silica-aluminas, silicas, clays, activated carbons, zeolites and titanium oxides. , zirconium oxides, and mixtures thereof.
- the heat transfer fluid can be chosen from hydrocarbons comprising between 1 and 7 carbon atoms and, optionally, one or more heteroatomic ligands.
- At least one of the following can be done:
- step b) Before carrying out step b), an additional cooling step of the cooled gas obtained in step a) is carried out,
- step c) Before carrying out step c), an additional step of heating the vaporized heat transfer fluid obtained in step a) is carried out,
- step f) Before carrying out step f), an additional step of heating the heated gas obtained in step d) is carried out,
- step e Before carrying out step e), an additional step of cooling the cooled heat transfer fluid obtained in step d) is carried out.
- Heat exchange of the vaporized heat transfer fluid obtained in step a) can be carried out with the cooled heat transfer fluid obtained from step d).
- a coalescer may be used to separate the condensed water contained in the cooled gas obtained in step a).
- the heavy metal contained in the aqueous liquid stream obtained in step b) can be captured.
- the wet gas may be selected from one of the following gases: natural gas, shale gas, coal gas, synthesis gas, combustion fumes, gaseous hydrocarbon effluent, chlorine alkali plant vents , rare earth production plant vents.
- step a In the case of a natural gas, before performing step a), the following steps can be performed:
- the natural gas is introduced into a sludge removal device and then
- the natural gas is introduced into a liquid gas separation device, then the natural gas is sent to step a),
- step f the following steps can be performed: at least a portion of the H 2 S and C0 2 contained in the heavy metal depleted gas are removed, and then
- FIG. 1 represents the method for lowering the partial pressure of steam of a wet gas according to the invention
- FIG. 2 represents a process for producing a natural gas incorporating the process according to the invention.
- the invention consists in cooling a flow of moist gas supplying a liquid gas separation step, for example carried out in a coalescer, in a heat exchanger in which the heat-transfer fluid of a heat pump circuit is evolved.
- a coalescer in a heat exchanger in which the heat-transfer fluid of a heat pump circuit is evolved.
- the coalescer one finds oneself then in conditions where one is at saturation but at a lower temperature than in the absence of the step of cooling of heat. The amount of water condensed in the coalescer is therefore greater than the case where cooling of the wet gas is not carried out.
- the pressure of water vapor in the stream downstream of the dehydration step of the gas according to the invention can be regulated by at least two parameters:
- the wet gas arrives through the conduit (100).
- the gas arriving via the pipe (100) may be at a pressure of between 2 and 10 MPa bars, preferably at a pressure of between 5 and 9 MPa, and at a temperature of between 20 and 80 ° C., preferably at a pressure of between 20 and 80.degree. temperature between 25 and 70%.
- the wet gas comprises water vapor, for example at a relative humidity of between 30% and 100%.
- the wet gas also comprises at least one heavy metal, for example mercury and / or arsenic, in proportions ranging between 10 nanograms and 1 gram of mercury per Nm 3 of gas.
- the treated part will be the flow flowing in the conduit (101) and the untreated portion will be the flow discharged through the conduit (1 10).
- the distribution between the flows (101) and (1 10) is such that the treated flow flowing in the conduit (104b) and the untreated flow flowing in the conduit (1 10), when they are together , provide a charge introduced by the conduit (105) into the heavy metal guard bed which satisfies the requirements in terms of non-condensation on the guard bed, i.e. which preferably has a relative humidity lower than 90%.
- a saturated gas stream arriving via the conduit (101) is cooled by means of a heat exchanger (1000) by heat exchange with the heat transfer fluid of the heat pump system arriving via the conduit (303). This heat exchange is preferably carried out against the current.
- an area of the heat exchanger (1000) is dedicated to the overheating of the coolant evaporated.
- the heat exchanger (1000) may consist of one or more equipment depending on whether it is desired to dissociate the evaporation of the heat transfer fluid from the superheating of the evaporated heat transfer fluid.
- the cooled saturated gas from the heat exchanger (1000) through the conduit (102) may be further and optionally cooled by a heat exchanger (1001) to condense additional water. In this case the cooled gas comes from the heat exchanger
- the gas flowing through the duct (101) can be cooled to between 1 ° C and 20 ° C, preferably between 2 ° C and 10 ° C. If the heat exchanger (1001) is not used, the cooled wet gas flowing in the conduit (102) is directly sent into the conduit (102b). Then, the cooled wet gas flowing in the conduit (102b) is introduced into a liquid gas separator (2000).
- This equipment (2000) is for example a coalescer.
- EP2473250A2 describes an embodiment of a coalescer.
- the coalescer (2000) may be composed of an enclosure provided with internal elements such as baffles and or fiber mattresses that promote the condensation of the liquid droplets contained in the gas.
- the elimination of the droplets of liquid is preferable because it avoids ending up in a system where there is a saturated gas which in addition leads to condensed liquids which will then settle on the heavy metal guard bed.
- the gas-liquid separator (2000) produces a gaseous effluent discharged through the conduit (103) and a liquid effluent discharged through the conduit (200).
- the liquid effluent (200) is composed of water resulting from the condensation of the gas, hydrocarbons resulting from the condensation of the gas and optionally retrograde condensation and possibly dissolved gas under the conditions of the separation in the water-water mixture. hydrocarbon resulting from the condensation of the gas.
- the gaseous effluent is introduced via the conduit (103) into the heat exchanger
- the heat exchanger may also preferably include (1000) zones for overheating the effluents in separate equipment or not.
- the heat supplied by the condensation of the coolant corresponds firstly to the heat extracted from the gas (101) in the heat exchanger (1000) but also to the heat supplied to the coolant in the heat pump system, for example. example but not exclusively by the energy provided by the equipment for raising the pressure of the coolant (4000) described below.
- the gas can be heated flowing in through line (103) to a value between 1 'and 20 ⁇ q C, preferably between 2 ° C and 10 ° C.
- the saturation vapor pressure of a compound in a medium depends on the temperature and composition of the medium. Insofar as the temperature of the flow flowing in the duct (104) is greater than or equal to the temperature of the initial saturated gas flow flowing in the duct (100), the saturated vapor pressure is also greater than or equal to. However, the water content has been lowered during the gas-liquid separation at a temperature below the initial temperature. The gas (104) is then no longer saturated. To further move away from the saturation, optional overheating of the gas flowing in the conduit (104) through heat exchange (1003) may be optional. This equipment may be, for example and not exclusively a hot oil loop or burner. This results in a superheated effluent discharged through the conduit (104b).
- this effluent circulating in the pipe (104b) is combined with the untreated portion of the starting gas flowing in the pipe (1 10) to form the mixture circulating in the conduit (105).
- This flow of gas flowing in the duct (105) is treated on a heavy metal guard bed (3000). This results in a decontaminated gas flow (106).
- the heat pump circuit implements a heat transfer fluid.
- the heat transfer fluid supplying the heat pump circuit can be chosen from the group formed by the refrigerants defined by ASHRAE in the document Standards 34-2010.
- the cooling fluid is preferably selected from the group of light hydrocarbons having 1 to 7 carbon atoms and optionally comprising one or more heteroatomic ligands.
- This group includes, for example, all the alcohols in which the carbon skeleton comprises 1 to 7 carbon atoms, whether this skeleton is linear or connected, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol and the like. hetpanol or the corresponding diols and triols and their isomers.
- the heat transfer fluid may also contain molecules comprising at least one fluorine or chlorine atom, for example hexaflorocene C 3 F 6 or chlorofluorocarbon gases such as dichlorodifluoromethane CCI 2 F 2 or hydrochlorofluorocarbon gases such as chlorodifluoromethane CHCl 3 2 .
- the refrigerant comprises at least 80% by weight of at least one of the following elements: propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane or any mixture of at least two of the five elements mentioned above.
- the evaporated and possibly superheated heat transfer fluid can be introduced through the duct (304) into the heat exchanger (1005) to undergo additional optional superheating, for example by heat exchange with the condensed heat transfer fluid circulating in the duct (302). ) (in this case the heat exchangers (1005) and (1004) form a single device).
- the evaporated and possibly superheated heat transfer fluid circulating in the duct (300) is compressed by means of a compressor (4000), for example but not exclusively a centrifugal compressor, reciprocating, screw or gear.
- a compressor for example but not exclusively a centrifugal compressor, reciprocating, screw or gear.
- the choice of the technology depends on the flow of heat transfer fluid and its nature (self-lubricating character or not, molar mass, corrosive character or not, etc).
- Compression has the effect of raising the temperature and pressure of the coolant.
- the pressurized fluid from the compressor through the conduit (301) is in vapor form.
- the fluid (301) is condensed in a heat exchanger (1002) by heat exchange with the saturated natural gas (103) from the liquid gas separator (2000).
- the condensation in the exchanger (1002) has the effect of passing the coolant in the liquid phase and set the temperature at the condensing temperature under the selected pressure conditions.
- the condensed heat transfer fluid discharged from the exchanger (1002) via the liquid conduit (302) the temperature of which may be optionally reduced by heat exchange (1004), for example by heat exchange with the evaporated heat transfer fluid flowing in the duct (304) (in this case the heat exchangers (1005) and (1004) form a single equipment), to produce the flow flowing in the duct (302b).
- the optionally cooled condensed fluid flowing in the conduit (302b) is expanded in a pressure drop inducing equipment (5000), for example a valve or orifice reduction, to produce the expanded fluid flowing in the conduit (303).
- the relaxed fluid underwent partial evaporation which caused a drop in its temperature.
- the partially evaporated fluid is evaporated and optionally superheated by heat exchange with the initial saturated gas (101) in the heat exchanger (1001) which closes the heat pump circuit.
- the temperature of the wet gas may vary depending on the production site.
- the invention is implemented so that the temperature Te of the gas (104) introduced into the guard bed is determined in such a way that the gas (104) has a relative humidity of less than 90%, preferably less than 80%, very preferably less than 75%.
- This hygrometry threshold depends on the porous characteristics of the heavy metal capture mass.
- the temperature Tf corresponds to the temperature of the gas flowing in the duct (102)
- the pressure of the coolant on the side of the exchanger (1000), that is to say the evaporator, is chosen so that the evaporation temperature of the coolant is between the desired temperature Tf for the condensation point of the saturated gas (102) and ⁇ ⁇ ' ⁇ below Tf, preferably between 2 and 5' ⁇ below Tf.
- the pressure of the heat transfer fluid entering the heat exchanger (1002), that is to say the condenser, is chosen so that the condensing temperature of the fluid is between the desired temperature Te for reheating gas (104) and 10 ° C above Te, preferably between 2 and ⁇ ' ⁇ above Te.
- the difference between Te and Tf is less than 50 ° C. and preferably Tc-Tf ⁇ 30 ° C. and even more preferably Tc-Tf ⁇ 20 °, so as to obtain the best efficiency of the heat pump circuit.
- the dehumidified gas arriving through the conduit (105) is treated by the heavy metal guard bed (3000).
- the liquid effluent (200) leaving the unit (2000) is also treated with a heavy metal guard bed, after a separation step for recovering an aqueous effluent on the one hand and a hydrocarbon effluent on the other hand.
- the effluent treated by the guard bed is preferably made by injecting the effluent to be treated into a reactor containing the heavy metal capture mass in the form of a fixed bed. It is possible to use any type of collection masses known to man of career.
- the capture mass used may be chosen from those known to those skilled in the art.
- the capture mass comprises a compound, commonly called the active phase, which reacts with the heavy metal so as to capture the heavy metal on the capture mass.
- the capture mass is preferably in the form of a bed composed of granules.
- the active phase of the capture mass may include, in particular for capturing mercury, metals which, in their sulfur form, react with mercury.
- the metal sulphide or sulphides contained in the capture mass according to the invention are based on a metal chosen from the group consisting of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe ), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni).
- the metal (s) of the metal sulphide (s) are chosen from the group consisting of copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni).
- the copper sulfide is selected.
- the active phase used may also be elemental sulfur, for example as described in patent document FR 2 529 802.
- the gas to be treated contains H 2 S.
- the metal oxide precursor the metal being selected from the group consisting of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni), preferably copper, which concomitantly eliminates H 2 S and mercury being in a first step sulfated by H 2 S metal sulfide and then reacting with mercury.
- the active phase of the capture mass may include, in particular for the capture of arsenic, and in particular in its gaseous AsH 3 form , metals which, in their oxide form, react with arsenic.
- the metal oxide (s) contained in the capture mass according to the invention are based on a metal chosen from the group consisting of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb).
- Cu copper
- Pb lead
- the choice is made on the copper oxide (II) also called cupric copper oxide (CuO).
- CuO copper oxide
- the capture mass may consist of an active phase, as described above, distributed over a porous support.
- the porous support may be chosen preferably from aluminas, phosphorus aluminas, silica-aluminas, silicas, clays, activated carbons, zeolites, titanium oxides, zirconium oxides, and mixtures of these. this.
- a capture mass containing a support and copper sulfide is described for example in US 4094777.
- the capture mass can be obtained by any route of preparation known to those skilled in the art such as impregnation or co-granulation.
- the treated gas treatment by the capture mass (5000) is preferably carried out by injecting the effluent to be treated into a reactor containing the capture mass in the form of a fixed bed.
- contacting of the effluent to be treated with the capture mass may be carried out at a temperature between -50 ° C and 1 15 ° C, preferably between 0 ° C and 1 10 ⁇ €, and more preferably between 20 ° C and 100 ° C.
- it can be carried out at an absolute pressure of between 0.01 MPa (0.1 bar) and 20 MPa (200 bar), preferably between 0.1 MPa (1 bar) and 15 MPa (150 bar), and more preferably between 0.1 MPa (1 bar) and 12 MPa (120 bar).
- this step of contacting the effluent to be treated with the capture mass may be carried out with a VVH between 0.1 h -1 and 50000 h -1 .
- VVH is understood to mean the hourly Volumic Velocity of the gaseous effluent in the capture mass, that is to say the volume of the gaseous effluent per reactor volume and per hour.
- the VVH may be preferably between 50 h -1 and 500 h -1 .
- the contact with the capture mass advantageously makes it possible to capture the heavy metals, in particular mercury, contained in the effluent to be treated, and to obtain an effluent having a content of heavy metals, in particular mercury, reduced in relation to the content of the initial effluent, or even completely eliminate heavy metals from the effluent.
- the reduction in the total content by weight of heavy metal between the gaseous effluent before treatment and the effluent obtained after treatment with the capture mass can represent at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, and more preferably at least 99%.
- FIG. 2 diagrammatically represents an example of a process for producing natural gas from the extraction to the deacidification operation, in which implements the method according to the invention.
- the references of Figure 2 identical to the references of Figure 1 designate the same elements.
- the natural gas extracted from the underground deposit (1) is sent via the conduit (2) into a device (3) for trapping sludge, commonly called “slug catcher".
- the sludge is evacuated from the "slug catcher” by the conduit (4).
- the natural gas from the device (3) is introduced through the conduit (5) into a primary liquid gas separator (6) which makes it possible to eliminate a liquid flow comprising water and hydrocarbons via the conduit (7).
- the liquid depleted gas is introduced through the conduit (101) into the heat exchanger (1000) to be cooled by heat exchange with the heat transfer fluid flowing through the conduit (303).
- the cooled gas is discharged from the exchanger (1000) via the conduit (102) to be introduced into the liquid gas separation device (2000), for example a coalescer.
- the coalescer makes it possible to eliminate the droplets of liquid (200) present in the gas.
- the gas freed from the droplet is introduced via the duct (103) into the heat exchanger (1002) to be heated by heat exchange with the heat transfer fluid arriving via the duct (301).
- the heated gas from (1002) through line (104) is introduced into the mercury bed (3000).
- the depleted mercury gas is removed from (3000) to be introduced through the conduit (106) into a deacidification unit (8).
- the heat transfer fluid from the exchanger (1002) is introduced into the expansion device (5000) through the conduit (302).
- the expanded fluid is reheated in the heat exchanger (1000) by heat exchange with the natural gas.
- the heated heat transfer fluid is removed from the exchanger (1000) through the conduit (304) to be introduced into the compressor (4000).
- the compressed fluid is introduced through the conduit (301) into the exchanger (1002) to be cooled by heat exchange with the natural gas.
- the gas is contacted with a liquid amine solution which absorbs the H2S and optionally the CO 2 contained in the gas.
- the gas depleted of acidic compounds is introduced via line (9) into the dehydration unit (10).
- the natural gas can be contacted with a liquid solution of glycol that absorbs the water contained in the gas.
- the natural gas can be contacted with solid masses adsorbing water.
- the gas discharged from the unit (10) via the line (1 1) can be marketed.
- the process according to the invention is particularly well suited to the treatment of natural gas.
- gaseous effluents such as combustion fumes, synthesis gas or even a gaseous hydrocarbon effluent, for example a shale gas or a coal gas.
- a gaseous hydrocarbon effluent for example a shale gas or a coal gas.
- gaseous effluent contains water in variable proportion which depends in particular on its origin and the previous treatments that it has been able to undergo.
- the relative humidity of the fumes is between 30% and 100%.
- the combustion fumes are produced in particular by the combustion of hydrocarbons, biogas, coal in a boiler or by a combustion gas turbine, for example for the purpose of producing electricity.
- the synthesis gas contains carbon monoxide CO, hydrogen H 2 (generally in a ratio H 2 / CO equal to 2), water vapor (generally at saturation at the temperature where the washing is carried out) and carbon dioxide C0 2 (of the order of ten percent).
- the pressure is generally between 20 and 30 bar, but can reach up to 70 bar. It contains, in addition, sulfur impurities (H 2 S, COS, etc.), nitrogen (NH 3 , HCN) and halogenated impurities.
- its relative humidity is between 5% and 100%.
- the wet gas is a natural gas saturated with water, produced at 70 bar and 30 ⁇ for a dry flow rate of 140 000 Nm 3 / h. Its dry composition is given in Table 3.
- thermodynamic model selected is SRK (Soave-Redlich-Kwong).
- the thermal power required to pass the gas flow rate from 30 ° to 35.5 ° C is 500 kWh (thermal kilowatts).
- the heated gas is treated on a mercury guard bed.
- This example proposes to lower the water content of a wet gas below 75% in accordance with what is set forth in Examples 1 and 2 in order to prevent any massive phenomena of capillary condensation in the masses of water.
- mercury uptake as described in Example 1.
- the partial drying unit of the gas located upstream of the demercurization unit is described in FIG. 1, in which the heat exchangers (1001), (1003), (1004) and (1005) are not used. ).
- the results presented below result from a simulation under the software Aspen
- thermodynamic model selected is SRK (Soave-Redlich-Kwong).
- the wet gas is a natural gas saturated with water, produced at 70 bar and 30 ° C for a dry flow rate of 140 000 Nm3 / h. Its dry composition is given in Table 3 of Example 2.
- the coolant selected in the heat pump system is n-butane.
- the heat transfer fluid flow rate in the heat pump circuit is 82.3 kmol / h.
- the entire flow of wet gas is treated, that is to say that the entire flow treated is circulating in the conduit (101).
- the gas (101) after passing through the exchanger (1000) has a temperature increase from 30 to 25.4 ⁇ C by boiling the coolant n-butane 2.24 bar therefore 22.4 ⁇ C.
- the approach in the heat exchanger (1000) is 3 ° C.
- the heat exchanged represents a total of 462 kWth.
- the gas (102) from the exchanger (1000) then comprises a fraction of liquid that will be removed in a coalescer (2000).
- the flow of condensed liquid (200) is extracted at a rate of 7.2 kmol / h for a molar fraction of water of 17 mol%, the other major compound being methane (21 mol%).
- the resulting water content (104) is 682 ppm mol, or 74.6% of the water saturation.
- the heat pump used uses n-butane as heat transfer fluid between 2.24 bar and 3.40 bar.
- the expanded fluid (303) is biphasic with a vapor fraction of 8.5% and a temperature of 22.4 ⁇ C, its state change temperature.
- the fluid (303) is fully vaporized (300) in the heat exchanger (1000) and the counterflow configuration achieves a temperature of 27 ° C.
- the vaporized fluid is compressed by the compressor (4000) from 2.24 bar to 3.40 bar.
- the compression is considered here by a centrifugal compressor (4000) with electric drive whose efficiency is 75%. This implies an electric power of 30 kWe (electric kilowatts).
- CoP coefficient of performance
- Example 3 which requires an electric power 30kWe, ie 75KWth
- Example 2 which requires an electrical power of 500kWth
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14/909,326 US11446607B2 (en) | 2013-07-31 | 2014-06-17 | Process for capturing a heavy metal contained in a moist gas, integrating a heat pump to cool the gas before eliminating water |
| AU2014298348A AU2014298348B2 (en) | 2013-07-31 | 2014-06-17 | Process for capturing a heavy metal contained in a wet gas incorporating a heat pump for cooling the gas before removal of the water |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR13/57551 | 2013-07-31 | ||
| FR1357551A FR3009202B1 (fr) | 2013-07-31 | 2013-07-31 | Procede de captation d'un metal lourd contenu dans un gaz humide integrant une pompe a chaleur pour refroidir le gaz avant elimination de l'eau |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO2015015069A1 true WO2015015069A1 (fr) | 2015-02-05 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2014/051495 Ceased WO2015015069A1 (fr) | 2013-07-31 | 2014-06-17 | Procédé de captation d'un metal lourd contenu dans un gaz humide intégrant une pompe à chaleur pour refroidir le gaz avant élimination de l'eau |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11446607B2 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2014298348B2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3009202B1 (fr) |
| MY (1) | MY171955A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2015015069A1 (fr) |
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| US10118124B2 (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2018-11-06 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Integrated membrane-pyrolysis systems and methods |
| US10253267B2 (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2019-04-09 | Purscrub Llc | Separator that removes free liquid and particles from a gas stream |
| CN113458035B (zh) * | 2021-07-17 | 2022-06-17 | 广州志恒医疗科技有限公司 | 一种超声影像仪器清洗工艺 |
| US12416570B2 (en) * | 2023-03-29 | 2025-09-16 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Measurement of iron in glycol and amine in natural gas processing |
| CN118022525B (zh) * | 2024-02-26 | 2024-10-22 | 赤峰山金银铅有限公司 | 一种铅冶炼尾气处理设备及方法 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100011663A1 (en) * | 2008-07-18 | 2010-01-21 | Kellogg Brown & Root Llc | Method for Liquefaction of Natural Gas |
| WO2011083297A1 (fr) * | 2010-01-05 | 2011-07-14 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Appareil et procédé de traitement de gaz naturel |
| US20110185896A1 (en) * | 2010-02-02 | 2011-08-04 | Rustam Sethna | Gas purification processes |
| JP2011194286A (ja) * | 2010-03-17 | 2011-10-06 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | ボイラプラント |
| CN102250658A (zh) * | 2010-05-19 | 2011-11-23 | 上海标氢气体技术有限公司 | 焦炉煤气和高炉煤气原料转化制液化天然气的方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3580003A (en) * | 1968-08-14 | 1971-05-25 | Inst Of Gas Technology The | Cooling apparatus and process for heat-actuated compressors |
| US3755989A (en) * | 1972-06-16 | 1973-09-04 | Union Carbide Corp | Removal of mercury from gas streams |
| US5248488A (en) * | 1991-12-12 | 1993-09-28 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Natural gas treating system |
| US5483801A (en) * | 1992-02-17 | 1996-01-16 | Ezarc Pty., Ltd. | Process for extracting vapor from a gas stream |
| US5354357A (en) * | 1993-03-01 | 1994-10-11 | Uop | Removal of mercury from process streams |
| US5727903A (en) * | 1996-03-28 | 1998-03-17 | Genesis Energy Systems, Inc. | Process and apparatus for purification and compression of raw landfill gas for vehicle fuel |
| US5928617A (en) * | 1996-08-19 | 1999-07-27 | Quick Chemical Specialties Corp. | Process for removal of mercury contamination |
| US7040108B1 (en) * | 2003-12-16 | 2006-05-09 | Flammang Kevin E | Ambient thermal energy recovery system |
| WO2007146050A2 (fr) * | 2006-06-07 | 2007-12-21 | Waters Hot, Inc. | Système et procédé de chauffage et de refroidissement à énergie thermique bio-renouvelable |
| FR2949978B1 (fr) * | 2009-09-17 | 2012-08-31 | Air Liquide | Procede de purification d'un flux gazeux comprenant du mercure |
| US8282707B2 (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2012-10-09 | Uop Llc | Natural gas purification system |
| JP2014514136A (ja) * | 2011-03-01 | 2014-06-19 | エクソンモービル リサーチ アンド エンジニアリング カンパニー | 圧力−温度スイング吸着法 |
-
2013
- 2013-07-31 FR FR1357551A patent/FR3009202B1/fr active Active
-
2014
- 2014-06-17 MY MYPI2016700332A patent/MY171955A/en unknown
- 2014-06-17 WO PCT/FR2014/051495 patent/WO2015015069A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2014-06-17 US US14/909,326 patent/US11446607B2/en active Active
- 2014-06-17 AU AU2014298348A patent/AU2014298348B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100011663A1 (en) * | 2008-07-18 | 2010-01-21 | Kellogg Brown & Root Llc | Method for Liquefaction of Natural Gas |
| WO2011083297A1 (fr) * | 2010-01-05 | 2011-07-14 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Appareil et procédé de traitement de gaz naturel |
| US20110185896A1 (en) * | 2010-02-02 | 2011-08-04 | Rustam Sethna | Gas purification processes |
| JP2011194286A (ja) * | 2010-03-17 | 2011-10-06 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | ボイラプラント |
| CN102250658A (zh) * | 2010-05-19 | 2011-11-23 | 上海标氢气体技术有限公司 | 焦炉煤气和高炉煤气原料转化制液化天然气的方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3009202B1 (fr) | 2017-01-27 |
| FR3009202A1 (fr) | 2015-02-06 |
| AU2014298348A1 (en) | 2016-03-03 |
| AU2014298348B2 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
| US11446607B2 (en) | 2022-09-20 |
| US20160175771A1 (en) | 2016-06-23 |
| MY171955A (en) | 2019-11-08 |
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