WO2015015068A1 - Procédé de captation d'un metal lourd contenu dans un gaz humide intégrant une pompe à chaleur pour chauffer le gaz introduit dans une masse de captation - Google Patents
Procédé de captation d'un metal lourd contenu dans un gaz humide intégrant une pompe à chaleur pour chauffer le gaz introduit dans une masse de captation Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015015068A1 WO2015015068A1 PCT/FR2014/051494 FR2014051494W WO2015015068A1 WO 2015015068 A1 WO2015015068 A1 WO 2015015068A1 FR 2014051494 W FR2014051494 W FR 2014051494W WO 2015015068 A1 WO2015015068 A1 WO 2015015068A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/64—Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/005—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by heat treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/343—Heat recovery
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3028—Granulating, agglomerating or aggregating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3202—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the carrier, support or substrate used for impregnation or coating
- B01J20/3204—Inorganic carriers, supports or substrates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
- B01J20/3234—Inorganic material layers
- B01J20/3236—Inorganic material layers containing metal, other than zeolites, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, sulphides or salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
- C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
- C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
- C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
- C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
- C10L3/102—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants
- C10L3/103—Sulfur containing contaminants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
- C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
- C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
- C10L3/102—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants
- C10L3/104—Carbon dioxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
- B01D2251/602—Oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/112—Metals or metal compounds not provided for in B01D2253/104 or B01D2253/106
- B01D2253/1124—Metal oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/112—Metals or metal compounds not provided for in B01D2253/104 or B01D2253/106
- B01D2253/1128—Metal sulfides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
- B01D2256/24—Hydrocarbons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/60—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/60—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
- B01D2257/602—Mercury or mercury compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/65—Employing advanced heat integration, e.g. Pinch technology
- B01D2259/655—Employing advanced heat integration, e.g. Pinch technology using heat storage materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/06—Heat exchange, direct or indirect
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/46—Compressors or pumps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/48—Expanders, e.g. throttles or flash tanks
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
- C10L2290/542—Adsorption of impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
- C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
- C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
- C10L3/102—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
- C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
- C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
- C10L3/106—Removal of contaminants of water
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of the treatment of gaseous effluents containing heavy metals, in particular effluents of petroleum origin and their derivatives such as natural gas and synthesis gas. More specifically, the invention relates to the capture of heavy metals, and in particular mercury or arsenic, present in a wet gaseous effluent, using a process which, at first, makes it possible to reduce the hygrometry gas and then, in a second step, to purify the effluent thus partially dehumidified by a heavy metal capture technology.
- Mercury is a metal contaminant found in gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons produced in many parts of the world such as the Gulf of Niger, South America, North Africa or the Asia-Pacific region.
- the removal of mercury is important because its presence can lead to corrosion problems of cryogenic heat exchangers based on aluminum, which can lead to serious industrial consequences. Among other things for these reasons, it is desired to eliminate or at least reduce the mercury concentration in the gaseous hydrocarbon effluents.
- the impurity to be removed in this case mercury, is then retained irreversibly, preferably by chemisorption, within or on the surface of the capture mass and the effluent discharged from the capture mass bed is then purified.
- Mercury uptake can be achieved by reacting mercury with an elemental sulfur phase in a capture mass.
- elemental sulfur, S reacts irreversibly with the elemental mercury, Hg °, as follows: Hg ° (g / I) + S (s) ⁇ HgS (s) (1)
- Hg ° (g / l) is meant that the mercury is dissolved in a gaseous (g) or liquid (I) fluid phase.
- (s) refers to the solid phases consisting of the active phase of the uptake mass and the reaction product.
- HgS The formed product, HgS, called cinnabar or metacinabrium, is a chemically and solid inert mineral phase over a wide temperature range.
- the mercury is thus trapped in the capture mass and the effluent to be treated is purified.
- Other active phases may be used such as metal sulphides such as copper sulphide (CuS).
- the capture masses are obtained by active phase impregnation methods on porous supports of the activated carbon or alumina type or by co-granulation of the active phase with a binder such as for example oxide aluminum.
- smaller pores, especially micropores (d ⁇ 2nm) are therefore much more sensitive than mesopores (2 ⁇ d ⁇ 50 nm) or macropores (d> 50nm) to the phenomenon of capillary condensation (d corresponding to the pore diameter ).
- the relative humidity of the natural gas also called humidity rate or degree of hygrometry or hygrometry rate
- the relative humidity of the natural gas corresponds to the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor contained in the gas to the saturated vapor pressure, also called vapor pressure, at the same temperature. It is therefore a measure of the ratio between the water vapor content of the air and its maximum capacity to contain it under these conditions of pressure and temperature.
- the capillary condensation mechanism can also take place with hydrocarbon vapors or volatile organic compounds.
- the mercury guard bed is important to place at an appropriate place on the process chain to operate the unit optimally.
- the gas is extracted from the geological medium on production wells.
- natural gas is loaded with water and liquid hydrocarbons (condensates).
- a three-phase flow composed of gas, liquid and sludge is thus obtained, which is channeled into a unit for trapping sludge, commonly called "slug catcher".
- the "slug catcher” is in the form of pipes arranged according to a studied slope which makes it possible to control the flow of the mixture and to deposit the sludge.
- the mixture is sent to a separator called primary.
- Three phases are thus obtained: water, condensates and gas.
- the gas from the primary separator is sent to a coalescer which returns to the primary separator the liquid entrainment.
- the gas is theoretically just saturation, but in practice there is often the presence of more or less significant liquid entrainment, usually in the form of droplets suspended in the gas, depending coalescer performance installed.
- the gas is then generally deacidified by an acid gas removal unit - usually an amine treatment - which selectively removes H 2 S and CO 2 .
- the gas thus treated then passes to a drying unit allowing the hygrometry rate to be lowered to values of a few ppm.
- the drying of the natural gas can be conducted exclusively by contact with a glycol solution or by circulation in a bed of adsorbents.
- the positioning of the mercury guard bed downstream of the drying device causes the mercury contamination of the entire process chain upstream of the guard bed. Even if the mercury guard bed is placed between the deacidification and dehydration units, the entire process chain upstream of the guard bed, especially the amine treatment unit, is polluted with mercury.
- coalescer If the coalescer is not very effective or even damaged, continuous liquid (water and condensate) drives can feed the demercurization unit. On the other hand, even at saturation, thermal losses in the line between the coalescer and the demercurization unit can generate condensation. Especially if the line is long, if it is raining or if it is cold, the line is not insulated the demercurization unit will receive more liquids.
- the object of this invention is to propose an optimized wet gas treatment method which makes it possible to place the heavy metal guard bed downstream of a gas-liquid separator, for example a coalescer, and, preferably, upstream of the acid gas removal step while ensuring optimal operation of the heavy metal collection masses by performing a partial dehumidification of the wet gas from the gas-liquid separator.
- a gas-liquid separator for example a coalescer
- the invention describes a process for capturing at least one heavy metal, chosen from mercury and arsenic, contained in a wet gas comprising water vapor, in which the following steps are carried out: a) the moist gas is heated by heat exchange with a compressed heat transfer fluid obtained in step e) so as to obtain a condensed heat transfer fluid and a gas heated to a temperature Te,
- step b) the heated gas obtained in step a) is brought into contact with a heavy metal uptake mass to obtain a depleted gas of heavy metal
- step c) the cooled coolant obtained in step a) is expanded
- step d) cooling the depleted heavy metal gas by heat exchange with the coolant produced in step c) so as to obtain a gas cooled to a temperature Tf, the heat transfer fluid being vaporized during step d) e) the vaporized heat transfer fluid obtained in step d) is compressed so as to obtain a compressed heat transfer fluid, the compressed heat transfer fluid being recycled in step a).
- a heat exchange can be carried out between the wet gas and the heavy metal-depleted gas obtained in step b).
- the temperature Te can be determined so that the heated gas obtained in step a) has a relative humidity of less than 90%.
- the difference between Te and Tf can be less than 50 ° C.
- the capture mass may comprise, in particular for capturing mercury, an active phase selected from at least one metal sulphide based on a metal selected from the group consisting of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese ( Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni).
- an active phase selected from at least one metal sulphide based on a metal selected from the group consisting of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese ( Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni).
- the capture mass may comprise an active phase composed of elemental sulfur.
- the capture mass may comprise an active phase composed of at least one metal oxide precursor of a metal selected from copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni).
- a metal selected from copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni).
- the capture mass may comprise, in particular for capturing arsenic, an active phase composed of a metal oxide of a metal selected from copper (Cu) and lead (Pb).
- the active phase may be distributed on a porous support, the porous support being selected from the group consisting of aluminas, phosphorus aluminas, silicas, aluminas, silicas, clays, activated carbons, zeolites, titanium oxides, zirconium oxides, and mixtures thereof.
- the heat transfer fluid can be chosen from hydrocarbons comprising between 1 and 7 carbon atoms and, optionally, one or more heteroatomic ligands.
- At least one of the following can be done:
- step e Before carrying out step e), an additional step of heating the vaporized heat transfer fluid obtained in step d) is carried out,
- step b) Before carrying out step b), an additional step of heating the heated gas obtained in step a) is carried out,
- step c) Before carrying out step c), an additional step of cooling the cooled heat transfer fluid obtained in step a) is carried out.
- Heat exchange of the vaporized heat transfer fluid obtained in step d) can be carried out with the cooled heat transfer fluid obtained in step a).
- the wet gas may be selected from one of the following gases: natural gas, shale gas, coal gas, synthesis gas, combustion fumes, gaseous hydrocarbon effluent, chlorine alkali plant vents , rare earth production plant vents.
- step a In the case of a natural gas, before performing step a), the following steps can be performed
- the natural gas is introduced into a sludge removal device and then
- the natural gas is introduced into a liquid gas separation device, then the natural gas is sent to step a),
- step e the following steps can be performed:
- FIG. 1 represents the method for lowering the partial pressure of steam of a wet gas according to the invention
- FIG. 2 represents a process for producing a natural gas incorporating the process according to the invention
- FIG. 3 represents a variant of the method of FIG.
- the present invention consists in controlling the relative humidity level of a wet gas by increasing the temperature upstream of the capture mass in such a way as to avoid capillary condensation.
- a thermal charge-effluent integration is carried out around the capture mass so that the hot treated wet gas from the capture mass warms the cold wet gas entering the reactor. capture mass.
- heat is transferred from the cooled treated gas downstream of the effluent charge exchanger to the heated moist gas downstream of the effluent charge exchanger. and upstream of the capture mass by means of a heat pump system.
- the thermal integration according to the invention can be done either by a heat pumping system alone, or by an effluent charge exchanger around the collection mass supplemented by a heat pumping system.
- the wet gas arrives through the conduit (100).
- the gas flowing through the duct (100) can be at a pressure of between 2 and 10 MPa, preferably at a pressure of between 5 and 9 MPa, and at a temperature of between 20 and 80 ° C., preferably at a temperature between 25 and 70 ' ⁇ .
- the wet gas comprises water vapor, for example at a relative humidity of between 30% and 100%.
- the wet gas also comprises at least one heavy metal, for example mercury and / or arsenic, in proportions ranging between 10 nanograms and 1 gram of mercury per Nm 3 of gas.
- the treated part is the flow flowing in the duct (101) and the untreated part is the flow discharged through the duct (1 10).
- the distribution between the flows (101) and (1 10) is such that the treated flow flowing in the conduit (104) and the Untreated flow circulating in the conduit (1 10), when combined, produces a depleted gas of heavy metals, especially mercury, below an acceptable limit.
- all the charge is treated and the flow (1 10) is zero.
- the flow of gas saturated with water arriving via the pipe (101) is heated by means of a heat exchanger (1001) by heat exchange with the heat transfer fluid of the heat pump system arriving via the pipe (301). This heat exchange is preferably carried out against the current.
- the coolant is condensed.
- the heated gas from the heat exchanger (1001) through the conduit (102) can be optionally and supplementally heated by a heat exchanger (1002) to provide adequate relative humidity to prevent condensation. capillary of water on the capture mass (2000).
- the heat exchanger (1002) may be, for example, a heat exchanger with an external heat source such as a hot oil circuit, or fumes from an oven, or a burner.
- the gas flowing through the line (101) can be heated to a value between C and 20 ° C, preferably between 2 ° C and 10 ° C.
- the gas from the heat exchanger (1002) through the duct (103) has a satisfactory relative humidity.
- the additional heat provided by (1002) is not used because the gas flowing in the conduit (102) meets the relative humidity specification.
- the conduit (102) is directly connected to the conduit (103).
- the gas is heated in (1001), optionally supplemented by heating in (1002), so that the gas has a relative humidity of less than 90% of the saturation preferably less than 80% and very preferably less than 75% saturation. This hygrometry threshold depends on the porous characteristics of the heavy metal capture mass.
- the untreated fraction of the gas flowing in the duct (1 10) can, for all or part, be mixed via the duct (1 1 1) to the treated gas arriving via the duct (104) to produce the mixture circulating in the duct (106) .
- the flow flowing in the duct (106) has a temperature higher than the initial temperature of the gas arriving through the duct (100) and thus has the capacity to give some of its heat.
- part of the heat of the flow (106) is supplied to the heat pump system in a heat exchanger (1003): the flow (106) is cooled by heat exchange in (1003) with the heat transfer fluid arriving via the conduit (303) to generate a vaporized heat transfer fluid discharged through the conduit (304).
- the gas cooled in the heat exchanger (1003) is discharged through the conduit (107) which can then be mixed with an untreated gas fraction arriving via the conduit (1 12) to form a heavy metal depleted gas evacuated by the conduit (108).
- the guard bed (2000) is composed of capture masses that have the capacity to adsorb a heavy metal. It is possible to use any type of capture masses known to those skilled in the art.
- the capture mass used may be chosen from those known to those skilled in the art.
- the capture mass comprises a compound, commonly called the active phase, which reacts with mercury so as to capture the heavy metal on the capture mass.
- the capture mass is preferably in the form of a bed composed of granules.
- the active phase of the capture mass may include, in particular for capturing mercury, metals which, in their sulfur form, react with mercury.
- the metal sulphide or sulphides contained in the capture mass according to the invention are based on a metal chosen from the group consisting of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe ), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni).
- the metal (s) of the metal sulphide (s) are chosen from the group consisting of copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni).
- the copper sulfide is selected.
- the active phase used may also be elemental sulfur, for example as described in patent document FR 2 529 802.
- the mercury guard bed being disposed upstream of the deacidification units
- the gas to be treated contains H 2 S.
- the metal oxide precursor the metal being selected from the group consisting of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni), preferably copper oxide, which makes it possible to concomitantly eliminate H 2 S and the mercury being in a first step sulphurated by the H 2 S metal sulfide and then reacting with mercury.
- the active phase of the capture mass can comprise, in particular for the capture of arsenic, and in particular in its gaseous AsH 3 form , metals which, under their oxide form, react with arsenic.
- the metal oxide (s) contained in the capture mass according to the invention are based on a metal chosen from the group consisting of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb).
- the choice is copper (II) oxide or cupric copper oxide (CuO).
- the choice is on lead oxide (II) (PbO).
- the capture mass may consist of an active phase, as described above, distributed over a porous support.
- the porous support may be chosen preferably from aluminas, phosphorus aluminas, silica-aluminas, silicas, clays, activated carbons, zeolites, titanium oxides, zirconium oxides, and mixtures of these. this.
- a capture mass containing a support and copper sulfide is described for example in US 4094777.
- the capture mass can be obtained by any route of preparation known to those skilled in the art such as impregnation or co-granulation.
- the treated gas treatment by the capture mass (5000) is preferably carried out by injecting the effluent to be treated into a reactor containing the capture mass in the form of a fixed bed.
- contacting of the effluent to be treated with the capture mass may be carried out at a temperature between -50 ° C and 1 15 ° C, preferably between 0 ° C and 1 10 ⁇ €, and more preferably between 20 ° C and 100 ° C.
- it can be carried out at an absolute pressure of between 0.01 MPa (0.1 bar) and 20 MPa (200 bar), preferably between 0.1 MPa (1 bar) and 15 MPa (150 bar), and more preferably between 0.1 MPa (1 bar) and 12 MPa (120 bar).
- this step of contacting the effluent to be treated with the capture mass may be carried out with a VVH between 0.1 h -1 and 50000 h -1 .
- VVH is understood to mean the hourly Volumic Velocity of the gaseous effluent in the capture mass, that is to say the volume of the gaseous effluent per reactor volume and per hour.
- the VVH may be preferably between 50 h -1 and 500 h -1 .
- the contact with the capture mass advantageously makes it possible to capture the heavy metals, in particular mercury, contained in the effluent to be treated, and to obtain a effluent with a heavy metal content, especially mercury, reduced compared to the initial effluent content, or even completely eliminate heavy metals from the effluent.
- the reduction in the total content by weight of heavy metal between the gaseous effluent before treatment and the effluent obtained after treatment with the capture mass can represent at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, and more preferably at minus 99%.
- the heat pump circuit implements a heat transfer fluid.
- the heat transfer fluid supplying the heat pump circuit can be chosen from the group formed by the refrigerants defined by ASHRAE in the document Standards 34-2010.
- the refrigerant fluid is preferably selected from the group of light hydrocarbons having 1 to 7 carbon atoms and optionally comprising one or more heteroatomic ligands.
- This group includes, for example, all the alcohols in which the carbon skeleton comprises 1 to 7 carbon atoms, whether this skeleton is linear or branched such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol and the like. hetpanol or the corresponding diols and triols and their isomers.
- the heat transfer fluid may also contain molecules comprising at least one fluorine or chlorine atom, for example hexaflorocene C 3 F 6 or chlorofluorocarbon gases such as dichlorodifluoromethane CCI 2 F 2 or hydrochlorofluorocarbon gases such as chlorodifluoromethane CHCl 3 2 .
- the refrigerant comprises at least 80% by weight of at least one of propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane or any mixture of at least two of the five elements mentioned above.
- the evaporated and possibly superheated heat transfer fluid can be introduced through the duct (304) into the heat exchanger (1005) to undergo additional optional superheating, for example by heat exchange with the condensed heat transfer fluid (302) circulating in the heat exchanger.
- conduit (302) in this case the heat exchangers (1005) and (1004) form a single device).
- the evaporated and possibly superheated heat transfer fluid circulating in the duct (300) is compressed by means of a compressor (3000), for example a centrifugal, reciprocating, screw or gear compressor.
- a compressor for example a centrifugal, reciprocating, screw or gear compressor.
- the choice of the technology depends on the heat transfer fluid flow and its nature (self-lubricating character or not, molar mass, corrosive nature or not, etc).
- Compression has the effect of raising the temperature and pressure of the coolant.
- the pressurized fluid from the compressor through the conduit (301) is in vapor form.
- the fluid (301) is condensed in the heat exchanger (1001) by heat exchange with natural gas arriving through the conduit (101).
- the condensation in the exchanger (1001) has the effect of passing the coolant in the liquid phase and set the temperature at the condensing temperature under the selected pressure conditions. This results in the condensed heat transfer fluid discharged from the exchanger (1001) via the liquid conduit (302), the temperature of which may be optionally reduced by heat exchange in the heat exchanger (1004), for example by heat exchange with the evaporated heat transfer fluid circulating in the duct (304) (in this case the heat exchangers (1005) and (1004) form one and the same equipment).
- the optionally cooled condensed fluid flowing in the conduit (302b) is expanded in a pressure drop inducing equipment (4000), for example a valve or an orifice reduction, to produce the expanded fluid flowing in the conduit (303).
- the expanded fluid underwent partial evaporation which caused a decrease in its temperature.
- the partially evaporated fluid is vaporized and possibly superheated by heat exchange with the mercury-depleted natural gas arriving via the conduit (106) into the heat exchanger (1003) which closes the heat pump circuit.
- the temperature of the wet gas may vary depending on the production site. Nevertheless, the invention is implemented so that the temperature Te of the natural gas (103) introduced into the guard bed is determined in such a way that the natural gas (103) has a relative humidity of less than 90%. preferably less than 80%, very preferably less than 75%.
- the temperature Tf corresponds to the temperature of the gas flowing in the conduit (107).
- the heat transfer medium pressure on the exchanger side (1003), ie the evaporator, is chosen so that the evaporation temperature of the heat transfer fluid is between the desired temperature Tf for the condensation point of the saturated gas (103) and ⁇ ⁇ ' ⁇ below Tf, preferably between 2 and 5' ⁇ below Tf.
- the pressure of the heat transfer fluid entering the heat exchanger (1001), that is to say the condenser, is chosen so that the temperature of the condensation of the fluid is between the temperature Te desired for the heating of the gas (103) and ⁇ ⁇ ' ⁇ above Te, preferably between 2 and 5 ° C above Te.
- the difference between Te and Tf is less than 50 ° C. and preferably Tc-Tf ⁇ 30 ° C. and even more preferably Tc-Tf ⁇ 20 °, so as to obtain the best efficiency of the heat pump circuit.
- FIG. 2 diagrammatically represents an example of a process for producing natural gas from the extraction to the deacidification operation, in which the method according to the invention is implemented.
- the references of Figure 2 identical to the references of Figure 1 designate the same elements.
- the natural gas extracted from the underground deposit (1) is sent via the conduit (2) into a device (3) for trapping sludge, commonly called “slug catcher".
- the sludge is evacuated from the "slug catcher” by the conduit (4).
- the natural gas from the device (3) is introduced through the conduit (5) into a primary liquid gas separator (6) which makes it possible to eliminate a liquid flow comprising water and hydrocarbons via the conduit (7).
- the wet gas is then introduced into a second liquid gas separator (20).
- the function of this equipment is to separate the wet gas from the droplets of liquid resulting from the saturation of the condensables at the system temperature.
- This equipment (20) is for example a coalescer.
- EP2473250A2 describes an embodiment of a coalescer.
- the coalescer (20) may be composed of an enclosure provided with internal elements such as baffles and or fiber mattresses that promote the condensation of the liquid droplets contained in the gas. The elimination of the droplets of liquid is preferable because it avoids ending up in a system where there is a saturated gas which leads in addition to condensed liquids which will then settle on the mercury guard bed.
- the liquid water is removed from the equipment (20) via the conduit (21).
- the gas freed from the droplets in the equipment (20) is introduced through the conduit (101) into the heat exchanger (1001) to be heated by heat exchange with the heat transfer fluid arriving via the conduit (301).
- the heated gas is evacuated from the exchanger (1001) through the conduit (102) to be introduced into the mercury guard bed (2000).
- the mercury depleted gas is removed from the equipment (2000) is introduced through the conduit (104) into the heat exchanger (1003) to be cooled by heat exchange with the heat transfer fluid arriving via the conduit (303).
- the cooled gas from (1003) through line (107) is introduced into a deacidification unit (8).
- the heat transfer fluid from the exchanger (1001) is introduced into the expansion device (4000) through the conduit (302).
- the expanded fluid circulating in the conduit (303) is reheated in the heat exchanger (1003) by heat exchange with the natural gas.
- the heated heat transfer fluid is removed from the exchanger (1003) via the conduit (304) to be introduced into the compressor (3000).
- the compressed fluid is introduced through the conduit (301) into the exchanger (1001) to be cooled by heat exchange with the natural gas.
- the gas is brought into contact with a liquid solution of amine which absorbs the H 2 S and optionally the CO 2 contained in the gas.
- the gas depleted of acidic compounds is introduced via line (9) into the dehydration unit (10).
- the natural gas can be contacted with a liquid solution of glycol that absorbs the water contained in the gas.
- the natural gas can be contacted with solid masses adsorbing water.
- the gas discharged from the unit (10) via the line (1 1) can be marketed.
- FIG. 3 represents a variant of the method described in FIG. 1 in which the thermal integration is optimized by implementing the heat exchanger (1000).
- the references of FIG. 3 identical to the references of FIG. 1 denote the same elements.
- the wet gas arriving through the conduit (101) is heated in a heat exchanger (1000) by the heavy metal depleted gas arriving through the conduit (104).
- the heated moist gas is removed from the exchanger 1000 to be introduced through the conduit (102) into the exchanger (1001).
- the heavy metal depleted gas is removed from the exchanger (1000) via the conduit (105). Then the gas can be mixed with a fraction of untreated gas arriving through the conduit (1 1 1), the mixture then being introduced through the conduit (106) into the heat exchanger (1003).
- the heat exchanger (1000) makes it possible to recover the heat of the heavy metal depleted gas and to optimize the thermodynamic cycle of the heat pump by decreasing the amount of heat transferred into the heat exchanger (1003) which condenses the heat pump. coolant.
- the process according to the invention is particularly well suited to the treatment of natural gas. Nevertheless, the process according to the invention can be applied to other types of gaseous effluents such as combustion fumes, synthesis gas or even a gaseous hydrocarbon effluent, for example a shale gas or a coal gas. , a gas oil cut or a refinery fuel oil, chlorine alkali plant vents, rare earth production plant vents.
- the gaseous effluent contains water in variable proportion which depends in particular on its origin and the previous treatments that it has been able to undergo. Typically the relative humidity of the fumes is between 30% and 100%.
- the combustion fumes are produced in particular by the combustion of hydrocarbons, biogas, coal in a boiler or by a combustion gas turbine, for example for the purpose of producing electricity.
- the synthesis gas contains carbon monoxide CO, hydrogen H 2 (generally in a ratio H 2 / CO equal to 2), water vapor (generally at saturation at the temperature where the washing is carried out) and carbon dioxide C0 2 (of the order of ten percent).
- the pressure is generally between 20 and 30 bar, but can reach up to 70 bar. It contains, in addition, sulfur impurities (H 2 S, COS, etc.), nitrogen (NH 3 , HCN) and halogenated impurities.
- its relative humidity is between 5% and 100%.
- the wet gas is a natural gas saturated with water, produced at 70 bar and 30 ⁇ for a dry flow rate of 140 000 Nm 3 / h. Its dry composition is given in Table 3.
- thermodynamic model selected is SRK (Soave-Redlich-Kwong).
- the thermal power required to pass the gas flow rate from 30 ° to 35.5 ° C is 500 kWh (thermal kilowatts).
- Example 3 (according to the invention)
- This example according to the invention proposes to lower the water content of a wet gas below 75% in accordance with what is set forth in Examples 1 and 2 in order to prevent any massive phenomenon of capillary condensation in the masses of water. mercury uptake as described in Example 1.
- the partial drying unit of the gas located upstream of the demercurization unit is described in FIG. 3, in which the heat exchangers (1002), (1004) and (1005) are not used.
- thermodynamic model selected is SRK (Soave-Redlich-Kwong).
- the wet gas is a natural gas saturated with water, produced at 70 bar and 30 ° C for a dry flow rate of 140,000 Nm 3 / h. Its dry composition is given in Table 3 of Example 2.
- the entire load (100) is processed. Therefore the gas flow in the conduit (1 10) is zero.
- the wet gas (101) enters the effluent charge exchanger (1000) and exchanges 276 kWth with the flow (104) entering the exchanger at 35.5 ° C. This results in a heated process gas stream (102) at 33 ° C and a cooled treated gas stream (105) at 32.4 ° C.
- the heated process gas (102) enters the condenser of the heat pump system (1001) and exchanges 232 kWth with the coolant (301). This results in a flow of wet gas to be treated (103) at a temperature of 35.5 ' ⁇ .
- the relative humidity of (103) is 74.5% of the saturation which under these pressure and temperature would correspond to 1,181 ppm mol.
- the gas is then treated on the capture mass (2000). This results in a treated gas (104) which will yield heat to the incoming gas to the heat exchanger (1000) to give a partially cooled treated gas (105) at 32.4 ° C. Since the entire charge has been treated, the flow (1 1 1) is zero in this example and the flow flowing in the duct (106) has the same composition and is in the same conditions as that flowing in the led (105). The flow (106) yields 220 kWth to the coolant (303) in the evaporator (1003) of the heat pump system.
- the temperature of the treated gas (107) and thus of the product gas (108), because the flow (1 12) is zero in this example is 30.2 ⁇ C.
- a vaporized heat transfer fluid (300) composed of butane at 27.7 ° C and 2.64 bar which circulates at 39.2 kmol / h. It is mounted under pressure by a compressor (3000). This corresponds to a consumption of 1 1, 3 kWe (electric) with a compression efficiency of 75%. This results in a fluid at 3.65 bar and 38.5 ° C. (301). This fluid is condensed (1001), resulting in a liquid butane stream (302) at 38.5 ° C. The condensed fluid is expanded in the valve (4000), resulting in a butane stream partially vaporized at 27.7 ° C and 2.64 bar. This fluid is then vaporized in the heat exchanger (1003) to find the fluid flowing in the conduit (300) and loop the heat pumping circuit.
- a vaporized heat transfer fluid (300) composed of butane at 27.7 ° C and 2.64 bar which circulates at 39.2 kmol / h. It is mounted under pressure by a compressor (3000
- This example proposes to lower the water content of a wet gas below 75% in accordance with what is set forth in Examples 1 and 2 in order to prevent any massive phenomenon of capillary condensation in the masses of water.
- mercury uptake as described in Example 1.
- the partial drying unit of the gas located upstream of the demercurization unit is described in FIG. 1, in which the heat exchangers (1002), (1004) and (1005) are not used.
- the results presented below result from a simulation under the Aspen Hysys v7.2 software.
- the thermodynamic model selected is SRK (Soave-Redlich-Kwong).
- the wet gas is a natural gas saturated with water, produced at 70 bar and 30 ° C for a dry flow rate of 140 000 Nm3 / h. Its dry composition is given in Table 3 of Example 2.
- the entire load (100) is processed. Therefore the gas flow in the conduit (1 10) is zero.
- the initial charge flowing in the duct (100) and then (101) is a saturated wet gas (880 ppm mol of water) which is heated in the condenser (1001) of a heat pump system by the transfer of heat. 501 kWth with a heat transfer fluid (this value differs from Example 1 due to a lower pressure drop due to the economy of an exchanger).
- the treated gas (106) returns 477 kWth to the coolant in the evaporator (1003). This results in a product gas (108) at 30.2 ° C.
- the vaporized heat transfer fluid (300) is composed of butane at 27.7 ° C. and 2.64 bars which circulates at 85 kmol / h. It is mounted under pressure by a compressor (3000). This corresponds to a consumption of 24.5 kWe (electric) with a compression efficiency of 75%. This results in a fluid at 3.65 bar and 38.5 ° C. (301). This fluid is condensed in the exchanger (1001), resulting in a flow of liquid butane (302) at 38.5 ° C. The condensed fluid is expanded through the valve (4000), it follows a butane stream partially vaporized 27.7 ⁇ C and 2.64 bar. This fluid is then vaporized in the heat exchanger (1003) to find the fluid flowing in the conduit (300) and loop the heat pumping circuit.
- the natural gas stream (100) received a total of 501 kWth for an energy expenditure of 24.5 kWe. If we consider that this electricity is produced by combustion of gas in a turbine with a net electrical efficiency of 40%, this would correspond to an expenditure equivalent to 61 kWth in primary energy such as that used in example 2 to produce the thermal power.
- Example 2 the thermal power expended to obtain 75% relative humidity is 500 kWth.
- Example 4 the equivalent thermal power to obtain 74.8% relative humidity is 61 kWth.
- Example 3 the equivalent thermal power to obtain 74.5% relative humidity is 28 kWth.
- the implementation of a heat pump system according to the invention makes it possible to reduce by a factor of at least 8 the energy expenditure with respect to the solution described in example 2 and by a factor close to 20 if 'is completed by a charge-effluent exchange.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2014298347A AU2014298347B2 (en) | 2013-07-31 | 2014-06-17 | Process for capturing a heavy metal contained in a wet gas incorporating a heat pump for heating the gas introduced into a capturing body |
| US14/908,003 US9889404B2 (en) | 2013-07-31 | 2014-06-17 | Process for capturing a heavy metal contained in a moist gas, integrating a heat pump to heat the gas introduced into a capture mass |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1357552A FR3009203B1 (fr) | 2013-07-31 | 2013-07-31 | Procede de captation d'un metal lourd contenu dans un gaz humide integrant une pompe a chaleur pour chauffer le gaz introduit dans une masse de captation |
| FR13/57552 | 2013-07-31 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2015015068A1 true WO2015015068A1 (fr) | 2015-02-05 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2014/051494 Ceased WO2015015068A1 (fr) | 2013-07-31 | 2014-06-17 | Procédé de captation d'un metal lourd contenu dans un gaz humide intégrant une pompe à chaleur pour chauffer le gaz introduit dans une masse de captation |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9889404B2 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2014298347B2 (fr) |
| CL (1) | CL2016000233A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3009203B1 (fr) |
| MY (1) | MY174641A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2015015068A1 (fr) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016193659A1 (fr) * | 2015-06-05 | 2016-12-08 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Procédé de préparation d'un sorbant |
| US20170058711A1 (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2017-03-02 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Organic Rankine Cycle Based Conversion of Gas Processing Plant Waste Heat into Power and Cooling |
| US10301977B2 (en) | 2015-08-24 | 2019-05-28 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Kalina cycle based conversion of gas processing plant waste heat into power |
| US10751688B2 (en) | 2015-06-05 | 2020-08-25 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Method for preparing a sorbent |
| US10751687B2 (en) | 2015-06-05 | 2020-08-25 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Method for preparing a sorbent |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112377176B (zh) * | 2020-11-17 | 2023-09-26 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种页岩气高产井组快速确定方法及装置 |
| CN115253632B (zh) * | 2022-07-20 | 2025-02-11 | 山东大学 | 含硫烟气气化污泥调节气氛还原硫硝并固化重金属的方法 |
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| US6615602B2 (en) * | 2001-05-22 | 2003-09-09 | Ken Wilkinson | Heat pump with supplemental heat source |
| NL1035274C2 (nl) * | 2008-04-09 | 2009-10-12 | Internationaal Projectbureau H | Werkwijze alsmede inrichting voor het verwerken van organisch materiaal omvattend slib. |
| JP5225383B2 (ja) * | 2008-09-12 | 2013-07-03 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 熱交換器装置の運転方法 |
| US20100154419A1 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-06-24 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Absorption power cycle system |
| CN101800500B (zh) * | 2010-03-22 | 2012-05-30 | 南京师范大学 | 一种小温差热发电装置 |
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- 2014-06-17 US US14/908,003 patent/US9889404B2/en active Active
- 2014-06-17 WO PCT/FR2014/051494 patent/WO2015015068A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2014-06-17 MY MYPI2016700290A patent/MY174641A/en unknown
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2016
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| GB2365874A (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2002-02-27 | Wcp Internat Ltd | Purifying hydrocarbons |
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US10751688B2 (en) | 2015-06-05 | 2020-08-25 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Method for preparing a sorbent |
| US10751687B2 (en) | 2015-06-05 | 2020-08-25 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Method for preparing a sorbent |
| US10751686B2 (en) | 2015-06-05 | 2020-08-25 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Method for preparing a sorbent |
| WO2016193659A1 (fr) * | 2015-06-05 | 2016-12-08 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Procédé de préparation d'un sorbant |
| US10125640B2 (en) | 2015-08-24 | 2018-11-13 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Modified goswami cycle based conversion of gas processing plant waste heat into power and cooling with flexibility |
| US10227899B2 (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2019-03-12 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Organic rankine cycle based conversion of gas processing plant waste heat into power and cooling |
| US10301977B2 (en) | 2015-08-24 | 2019-05-28 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Kalina cycle based conversion of gas processing plant waste heat into power |
| US10480352B2 (en) | 2015-08-24 | 2019-11-19 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Organic Rankine cycle based conversion of gas processing plant waste heat into power and cooling |
| US10577981B2 (en) | 2015-08-24 | 2020-03-03 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Modified Goswami cycle based conversion of gas processing plant waste heat into power and cooling |
| US10174640B1 (en) | 2015-08-24 | 2019-01-08 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Modified Goswami cycle based conversion of gas processing plant waste heat into power and cooling with flexibility |
| US10113448B2 (en) | 2015-08-24 | 2018-10-30 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Organic Rankine cycle based conversion of gas processing plant waste heat into power |
| US20170058711A1 (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2017-03-02 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Organic Rankine Cycle Based Conversion of Gas Processing Plant Waste Heat into Power and Cooling |
| US10995636B2 (en) | 2015-08-24 | 2021-05-04 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Organic Rankine cycle based conversion of gas processing plant waste heat into power |
| US11073050B2 (en) | 2015-08-24 | 2021-07-27 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Kalina cycle based conversion of gas processing plant waste heat into power |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MY174641A (en) | 2020-05-04 |
| AU2014298347A1 (en) | 2016-03-10 |
| FR3009203B1 (fr) | 2017-01-27 |
| US20160166983A1 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
| FR3009203A1 (fr) | 2015-02-06 |
| CL2016000233A1 (es) | 2016-11-11 |
| AU2014298347B2 (en) | 2018-07-12 |
| US9889404B2 (en) | 2018-02-13 |
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