WO2015083673A1 - 各波長で均一な透過率を有する高コントラストな偏光素子および偏光板 - Google Patents
各波長で均一な透過率を有する高コントラストな偏光素子および偏光板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015083673A1 WO2015083673A1 PCT/JP2014/081789 JP2014081789W WO2015083673A1 WO 2015083673 A1 WO2015083673 A1 WO 2015083673A1 JP 2014081789 W JP2014081789 W JP 2014081789W WO 2015083673 A1 WO2015083673 A1 WO 2015083673A1
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- transmittance
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- axis direction
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- absorption axis
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- YVOAAXGCSLIILI-KARKAFJISA-N Cc(cc1)c(C)c2c1nc(-c(cc1)ccc1/N=N\c(cc1)ccc1-c1nc3ccc(C)c(S(O)(=O)=O)c3[s]1)[s]2 Chemical compound Cc(cc1)c(C)c2c1nc(-c(cc1)ccc1/N=N\c(cc1)ccc1-c1nc3ccc(C)c(S(O)(=O)=O)c3[s]1)[s]2 YVOAAXGCSLIILI-KARKAFJISA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B27/00—Preparations in which the azo group is formed in any way other than by diazotising and coupling, e.g. oxidation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B29/00—Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling
- C09B29/0003—Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling from diazotized anilines
- C09B29/0011—Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling from diazotized anilines from diazotized anilines directly substituted by a heterocyclic ring (not condensed)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B29/00—Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling
- C09B29/34—Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling from other coupling components
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
- G02B5/3041—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks
- G02B5/305—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks including organic materials, e.g. polymeric layers
Definitions
- the polarizing element is generally manufactured by adsorbing and orienting iodine or a dichroic dye, which is a dichroic dye, to a polyvinyl alcohol resin film.
- a protective film made of triacetyl cellulose or the like is bonded to at least one surface of the polarizing element through an adhesive layer to form a polarizing plate, which is used in a liquid crystal display device or the like.
- a polarizing plate using iodine as a dichroic dye is called an iodine based polarizing plate, while a polarizing plate using a dichroic dye as a dichroic dye is called a dye based polarizing plate.
- the wavelength of 380 nm to 480 nm in particular, the wavelength of 460 nm is higher than the transmittance near 550 nm, which is a high visible light, when it is placed orthogonal to the absorption axis. there were. Therefore, as a polarizing element or a polarizing plate, a polarizing element or a polarizing plate capable of making each wavelength transmittance of visible region constant while having high polarization performance, that is, high contrast, has been required.
- Patent Document 1 or Patent Document 2 discloses a method for making the transmittance of the polarizing plate constant at each wavelength.
- Patent Document 1 discloses the technology of a polarizing element having a transmittance of 0.001% to 0.1% at the time of crossed Nicols at 410 nm in a polarizing element having a thickness of 8 to 18 ⁇ m.
- the technology does not improve the wavelength transmittance at the parallel position only by improving the color loss and hue at the 410 nm orthogonal position, and a liquid crystal display device provided with a recent LED light source as a backlight.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technology of a polarizing element formed of a film having a structure in which minute regions are dispersed in a matrix formed of a water-soluble resin containing a divalent metal. However, even with this technique, no polarizing element or polarizing plate having a constant transmittance at each wavelength of parallel and orthogonal positions has been obtained.
- the present inventors have completed the present invention as a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems.
- a polarizing element comprising a hydrophilic polymer adsorbed with boric acid and stretched and containing a substrate having a polarizing function containing iodine, Formula (1) in the form of the free acid:
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxyl group, or a carboxyl group, and k, m and n each independently represent 0 or 1, provided that m + n> 1.
- the luminous transmittance corrected single transmittance Yc when the substrate is measured alone is 40.0% to 42.5%
- the difference between the visibility corrected single transmittance Ys and the single transmittance Ts 460 at 460 nm is within 1.2%
- the difference between the visual sensitivity correction single transmittance Ys and the single transmittance Ts 550 of 550 nm is within 1%
- the difference between the visibility corrected single transmittance Ys and the single transmittance Ts 610 at 610 nm is within 1%
- the visibility corrected orthogonal transmittance in the case of measuring the two substrates at right angles to the absorption axis direction is 0.01% or less
- a polarizing element characterized in that an average value Tc Ave 430-480 of orthogonal transmittances of 430 nm to 480 nm when measured in a direction orthogonal to the absorption axis direction of the two substrates is 0.03% or less
- a polarizing element according to one item; 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 30 ⁇ Yp 18.6 ⁇ Tc 295 ⁇ 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 30 ⁇ Yp 19.4 (6) 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 37 ⁇ Yp 22.12 ⁇ Tc 360 ⁇ 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 37 ⁇ Yp 22.67 (7) (7)
- the transmittance Tc 460 at 460 nm in the case of measuring the two substrates at right angles to the absorption axis direction is 0.035% or less
- the transmittance Tc 610 at 610 nm in the case of measuring the two substrates at right angles to the absorption axis direction is 0.01% or less, any of the above (1) to (6).
- the present invention relates to a polarizing element and a polarizing plate having constant transmittance at each wavelength and having high contrast, and the polarizing element and the polarizing plate have high transmittance and high contrast ratio. It can be used as a display polarizing plate having very high color reproducibility, particularly as a liquid crystal display polarizing plate. A display using this is a display that is reliable, has high contrast over a long period, and has high color reproducibility.
- hydrophilic polymer films used for polarizing elements include films made of polyvinyl alcohol resins, amylose resins, starch resins, cellulose resins, polyacrylate resins, etc. These resins may be cast, etc. The one formed into a film is used. Among these, polyvinyl alcohol resin (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “PVA”) film is preferable.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol resin
- a polarizing element composed of a polyvinyl alcohol based resin film composed of a polyvinyl alcohol based resin and a dichroic substance such as iodine is most preferable.
- the thickness of these polarizing elements is not particularly limited, but is generally about 5 to 80 ⁇ m.
- This polyvinyl alcohol-based resin may be further modified, and, for example, polyvinyl formal modified with aldehydes, polyvinyl acetal and the like can also be used.
- the polymerization degree of the polyvinyl alcohol resin is preferably 1,000 to 10,000, and more preferably 1,500 to 6,000. What formed the polyvinyl alcohol-type resin into a film is used as a polyvinyl alcohol-type resin film.
- the saponification degree of PVA is 99 mol% or more, and 99.5 mol% or more is more preferable. If the degree of saponification is less than 99 mol%, PVA is likely to be eluted, causing in-plane unevenness of optical properties, decrease in dyeability in the dyeing process, and breakage in the drawing process, thereby significantly reducing productivity. There is fear and it is not preferable.
- PVA is not limited to the saponification of homopolymers of vinyl esters, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- a modified PVAl vinyl ester obtained by graft copolymerizing an unsaturated carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof, an unsaturated sulfonic acid or a derivative thereof, an ⁇ -olefin having 2 to 30 carbon atoms at a ratio of less than 5 mol% Saponified product of modified polyvinyl ester copolymerized with carboxylic acid or derivative thereof, unsaturated sulfonic acid or derivative thereof, ⁇ -olefin having 2 to 30 carbon atoms at a ratio of less than 15 mol% 1 Formalin, butyraldehyde, benzaldehyde etc.
- crosslinked a part of hydroxyl group of PVA with the aldehyde of these may be sufficient.
- a film original fabric By film-forming PVA obtained as mentioned above, a film original fabric can be obtained.
- a film forming method of PVA in addition to a method of melt-extruding water-containing PVA, a cast film forming method, a wet film forming method (ejection in poor solvent), a gel film forming method (PVA aqueous solution was once cooled and gelled After that, the solvent is extracted and removed, the cast film forming method (flowing the PVA aqueous solution onto the substrate, drying), the method by the combination thereof and the like are not limited to these methods.
- a solvent used in film formation for example, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, ethylene glycol, glycerin, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, Ethylene diamine, diethylene triamine, water etc. are mentioned, It is not limited to these.
- the solvent may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the solvent used in the film formation is, for example, 50 to 95% by mass, preferably 70 to 95% by mass, but is not limited to these ranges.
- the amount of the solvent is less than 50% by mass, the viscosity of the film-forming solution becomes high, and filtration and degassing during preparation become difficult, and it is difficult to obtain a film original without defects and without defects. It becomes.
- the volatile fraction exceeds 95% by mass, the viscosity of the film-forming solution becomes too low, which makes it difficult to control the desired thickness, the effect of surface fluctuation due to wind during drying, and the drying time become longer. Sex is reduced.
- a heat treatment In order to control the degree of swelling of the film stock after drying to a predetermined range described later, it is preferable to carry out a heat treatment.
- a heat treatment method of the film original fabric after film forming the method by hot air, the method of making a film original film contact, for example with a heat roll is mentioned, for example, It is not limited especially if it is a method which can be processed by heat. One of these methods may be adopted alone, or two or more may be combined.
- the heat treatment temperature and time are not particularly limited, but are preferably in the range of 110 to 140 ° C., and the treatment for about 1 to 10 minutes is preferable, but is not particularly limited.
- the thickness of the raw film material thus obtained is preferably 20 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 20 to 80 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 20 to 60 ⁇ m.
- the thickness is less than 20 ⁇ m, breakage of the film tends to occur.
- the thickness exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the stress applied to the film at the time of stretching becomes large, the mechanical load in the stretching process becomes large, and a large-scale device for supporting the load is required.
- the swelling degree F of the raw film is preferably 180 to 250%, more preferably 205 to 235%, and still more preferably 210 to 230%.
- the swelling degree F is less than 180%, the elongation at the time of drawing is small, the possibility of breakage at a low magnification is high, and it becomes difficult to perform sufficient drawing.
- the swelling degree F exceeds 240%, the swelling becomes excessive, wrinkles and slack occur, which causes cutting at the time of stretching.
- a suitable degree of swelling F can be obtained by temperature and time when heat treating a film stock after film formation.
- the measuring method of the swelling degree F of a film original fabric is as follows.
- the film stock is cut into 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm and immersed in 1 liter of distilled water at 30 ° C. for 4 hours.
- the soaked film is taken out of distilled water, and after absorbing water droplets on the surface between two sheets of filter paper, the weight [ ⁇ (g)] of the film immersed in water is measured.
- the film which has been soaked and water droplets absorbed is dried in a dryer at 105 ° C. for 20 hours, cooled in a desiccator for 30 minutes, and the weight [ ⁇ (g)] of the film after drying is measured.
- v) Calculate the swelling degree F of the film raw fabric.
- the polarizing element of the present invention is manufactured by a method including the steps described below using the raw film produced as described above.
- (Swelling process) The film stock described above is first subjected to a swelling step of swelling the film. In the process, swelling is achieved by immersing the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film in a solution at 20 to 50 ° C. for 15 seconds to 10 minutes.
- the solution at that time is preferably water, but may be a water-soluble organic solvent such as glycerin, ethanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, low molecular weight polyethylene glycol, or a mixed solution of water and a water-soluble organic solvent.
- the film in order to prevent the occurrence of wrinkles and breakage, it is preferable that the film is appropriately stretched, and the stretching ratio thereof is preferably 1.00 to 1.50 times, more preferably 1.10 to 1.35 times It is.
- the swelling effect can be obtained even in the dyeing process of the dye at the time of iodine / iodide treatment, so this process may be omitted.
- the swollen polyvinyl alcohol resin film is subjected to a dyeing step of dyeing with a solution containing a dichroic dye.
- the solvent of the solution is preferably water, but is not particularly limited.
- the dichroic dye include multiiodine ions obtained from a mixed solution of iodine and iodide, and a dichroic dye of an organic compound.
- an iodide although potassium iodide, ammonium iodide, cobalt iodide, zinc iodide etc. can be used, for example, it is not limited to the iodide shown here.
- the iodine concentration in the mixed solution of iodine and iodide is 0.0001 to 0.5 wt%, preferably 0.001 to 0.4 wt%.
- the concentration of iodide used is preferably 0.0001 to 8 wt%.
- color correction may be performed within the range that does not impair the performance required by the present application. You may go.
- the dye is not limited, and known dichroic dyes can be used.
- the dye concentration is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, about 0.006 wt% to 0.3 wt%.
- the dyeing temperature is 5 to 50 ° C., preferably 5 to 40 ° C., more preferably 10 to 30 ° C.
- the dyeing time can be appropriately adjusted depending on the transmittance of the polarizing element to be obtained, etc., but it is about 30 seconds to 6 minutes, more preferably 1 minute to 5 minutes. Also in this step, in order to prevent the occurrence of wrinkles and breakage, it is preferable to appropriately stretch.
- the stretching ratio is preferably 0.90 to 2.00, more preferably 1.00 to 1.30.
- water resistant agent examples include peroxysuccinic acid, ammonium persulfate, calcium perchlorate, benzoin ethyl ether, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, glycerin diglycidyl ether, ammonium chloride, magnesium chloride and the like, with preference given to boric acid.
- the acid is good.
- the concentration to be added is, for example, 0.1 to 5.0 wt%, preferably 2 wt% to 4 wt% with respect to the solution containing a dichroic dye when boric acid is added.
- the polyvinyl alcohol resin film containing a dichroic dye may be washed after the dyeing step and before entering the next drawing step.
- Water is generally used as a solvent for washing, but alcohol solvents, glycol solvents, glycerin, mixed solvents thereof and the like can be used without particular limitation. Further, the temperature and time for cleaning may be appropriately adjusted according to the transmittance of the target polarizing element and the type of dichroic dye to be used.
- the film dyed after the dyeing step is subjected to a water resistance treatment step of subjecting the film to a water resistance treatment as required.
- the film is treated with a solution containing a crosslinking agent or / and a water resistant agent.
- boron compounds such as boric acid, borax and ammonium borate, polyaldehydes such as glyoxal and glutaraldehyde, and polyisocyanates such as biuret type, isocyanurate type and block type Compounds, titanium compounds such as titanium oxysulfate, ethylene glycol glycidyl ether, polyamide epichlorohydrin, succinic acid peroxide, ammonium persulfate, calcium perchlorate, benzodiethyl ether, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, glycerin Although diglycidyl ether, ammonium chloride, magnesium chloride and the like can be mentioned, boric acid is preferable.
- the solvent at that time for example, water, alcohol solvents, glycol solvents, glycerin or mixed solvents thereof can be used.
- concentration of the crosslinking agent and / or the water resistance agent is preferably about 0.1 to 6.0 wt%, more preferably 2 to 4 wt%, in the solution.
- the processing temperature in this step is about 5 to 60.degree. C., preferably about 5 to 45.degree.
- the treatment time is preferably about 1 minute to 5 minutes.
- the stretching ratio is about 0.95 to 1.5 times.
- the film is uniaxially stretched.
- a stretching method either a wet stretching method or a dry stretching method may be used.
- the dry stretching method include, but are not particularly limited to, an inter-roll zone stretching method, a roll heating stretching method, a pressure stretching method, an infrared heating stretching method, and the like.
- the temperature at the time of stretching is preferably from normal temperature to 180 ° C., and the humidity is preferably from about 20 to 95% RH. Stretching may be performed in one stage, or may be multistage stretching in two or more stages.
- the wet stretching method is a method of stretching in water, a water-soluble organic solvent, or a mixed aqueous solution thereof, preferably in the water, the water-soluble organic solvent, or the mixed aqueous solution thereof, the boric acid or the borax.
- the concentration of the crosslinking agent and / or the water resistant agent is preferably 0.5 to 8 wt%, more preferably 2.0 to 4.0 wt%.
- the stretching ratio is preferably about 3 to 8 times, more preferably about 5 to 7 times.
- the stretching temperature is preferably 40 ° C. to 60 ° C., more preferably 45 to 55 ° C.
- the stretching time is preferably 30 seconds to 20 minutes, more preferably 2 minutes to 5 minutes.
- the stretching process may be one stage or multistage stretching of two or more stages.
- Foreign matter may be deposited on the surface of the stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film containing a dichroic dye, or foreign matter may adhere to the surface, so that the film may be washed.
- Water, alcohol solvents and the like can be used as the solvent for washing, but not limited thereto.
- the cleaning solvent may contain a crosslinking agent such as boric acid and / or a water resistance agent in order to improve the durability of the film.
- concentration of the crosslinking agent and / or the water resistant agent is not limited, and is, for example, 0.1 to 10 wt%.
- a post-treatment step is carried out in which the film is post-treated.
- a dichroic dye is contained, and a uniaxially stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film is treated with a solution containing chloride or iodide.
- the chloride or iodide include iodides such as potassium iodide, sodium iodide, ammonium iodide, cobalt iodide and zinc iodide, and chlorides such as zinc chloride, potassium chloride and sodium chloride. Treatment is performed by mixing one or two or more of them in the solution.
- the concentration of chloride or iodide in the solution is preferably 0.1 to 15 wt%, more preferably 0.15 to 10 wt%. Also in this step, in order to prevent the occurrence of wrinkles and folds, it is preferable to appropriately stretch, and in this case, the stretching ratio is preferably 0.90 to 1.10.
- the treatment temperature is, for example, preferably 5 ° C. to 50 ° C. or less, more preferably 20 to 40 ° C.
- the treatment time is, for example, about 1 second to 5 minutes, preferably 5 seconds to 30 seconds.
- the crosslinking agent and / or the water resistant agent may be added in this step.
- the concentration to be added is, for example, 0.5 to 10 wt%.
- the substrate for the polarizing element of the present invention can be obtained through the drying step.
- the drying method include natural drying, compression with a roll, an air knife, a method of removing water on the surface with a water absorption roll, and the like, and drying by heating.
- the drying temperature in the case of heat drying is preferably 20 to 90 ° C., more preferably 40 to 70 ° C.
- the drying time is preferably about 30 seconds to 20 minutes, and more preferably about 2 to 10 minutes.
- the stretching ratio is preferably 0.95 to 1.10 times.
- a substrate of a polarizing element By passing through the above-mentioned swelling step, dyeing step, optional water resistance treatment step, stretching step, post-treatment step, and drying step, a substrate of a polarizing element is obtained.
- the substrate thus obtained is a substrate having a polarization function containing iodine, which is composed of a hydrophilic polymer adsorbed with boric acid and stretched, and in the form of a free acid, 1) containing the organic compound or its salt represented by 1), and the luminous transmittance corrected single transmittance Ys when it is measured alone is 40.0% to 42.5%, and the luminous transmittance corrected single transmittance Ys
- the difference with the single transmittance Ts 460 at 460 nm is within 1.2%
- the difference between the single transmittance Ys with the visibility correction and the single transmittance Ts 550 with 550 nm is within 1%
- the single transmittance with the visibility correction The difference between Ys and the single transmitt
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxyl group, or a carboxyl group, and k, m and n each independently represent 0 or 1, provided that m + n> 1. is there.
- the organic compound of the formula (1) In order to obtain a polarizing element provided with a substrate having the above characteristics, it is necessary to contain the organic compound of the formula (1). And as a method of containing this organic compound, the solution which an organic compound contains in any process of the dyeing process which contains a dichroic dye, an optional water resistance treatment process, an extending process, and a post-treatment process
- the base material may be impregnated and contained, but a method of incorporating and providing a step before the step of dyeing iodine and iodine compounds after swelling the polyvinyl alcohol resin film and containing a dichroic dye is included.
- the dye is contained simultaneously with the dyeing step, a method in which the iodine is dyed and then a step is provided before stretching, and a method in which it is simultaneously contained in the post-treatment step. Furthermore, the method of providing and including a process before the process of dyeing
- the dye represented by the formula (1) C.I. I. Direct Yellow 28, C.I. I. Direct Yellow 29 can be exemplified.
- the concentration of the organic compound of the formula (1) is not particularly limited, but for example, about 0.05 to 3 parts by weight with respect to 1000 parts by weight of water is suitable, and the dyeability is insufficient In some cases, it is preferable to carry out dyeing by adding a coloring aid such as sodium tripolyphosphate and / or sodium sulfate (Natrilium sulfate).
- the dyeing temperature is 5 to 50 ° C., preferably 5 to 40 ° C., more preferably 10 to 30 ° C.
- the staining time can be appropriately adjusted according to the transmittance of the polarizing element to be obtained, etc., but it is preferably, for example, about 30 seconds to 6 minutes, preferably 1 to 5 minutes.
- the concentration for containing chloride or iodide in the solution and the processing time thereof need to be adjusted in accordance with the stretching conditions. It is very important that the concentration and the treatment time be adjusted according to the conditions of impregnation of the polarizing element with iodine, and iodides such as potassium iodide and chlorides such as potassium chloride. It is.
- the concentration is influenced by the stretching state of the stretching step, the temperature and humidity of the place where the polarizing element is manufactured, and so on, which requires extremely delicate fine adjustment.
- the concentration of the chloride-containing solution or the iodide-containing solution used in the post-treatment step is 1.0 part by weight to 150 parts by weight, preferably 1.5 parts by weight of chloride or iodide to 1000 parts by weight of water. It is prepared by adding 100 parts by weight.
- the post-treatment step can be carried out by the above method to obtain the polarizing element of the present invention.
- An index to be manufactured and adjusted to have better performance as a polarizing element is the transmittance at 255 nm in the ultraviolet region. This is because the organic compound represented by the formula (1) has an absorption at 255 nm, so when the compound is contained in the substrate, it may be determined whether it is a polarizing element having good performance by 255 nm in the ultraviolet region. It is because it can.
- the ultraviolet absorption of iodine or an iodine compound is absorption at 220 nm, 295 nm, and 360 nm, which is different from the absorption of the organic compound of formula (1), so the content of the compound of formula (1) is preferably adjusted You can do it.
- the content of the compound of the formula (1) is such that the visibility corrected parallel transmittance Yp is 33% when the two substrates are measured parallel to the absorption axis direction.
- the parallel transmittance Yp and the transmittance Tp 255 of 255 nm when the two substrates are measured parallel to the absorption axis direction satisfy the following formula (2): Is preferred. More preferably, the formula (2B) is satisfied.
- the visibility corrected parallel transmission when two substrates are measured parallel to the absorption axis direction The ratio Yp is in the range of 33% to 37%, and the parallel transmittance Yp and the transmittance Tc 255 of 255 nm when the two substrates are measured orthogonal to the absorption axis direction are as follows: It is preferable to satisfy Formula (3).
- the transmittance Tp 295 of 295 nm and the transmittance Tp 360 of 360 nm are said to fluctuate due to the content of polyiodine such as I 3 ⁇ and I 5 ⁇ in the polarizing element.
- the transmittance of 295 nm and 360 nm can be adjusted by adjusting the content of polyiodine such as I 3 ⁇ and I 5 ⁇ in the polarizing element, and the difference between Yp and Yp 460 can be adjusted within 3%. it can.
- the visibility correction transmittance Yp obtained by measuring the two substrates in parallel to the absorption axis direction is in the range of 33% to 37%
- the transmittance Yp, and the transmittance of 295 nm when the two substrates are measured parallel to the absorption axis direction, Tp 295 satisfies the following formula (4)
- the Yp and the substrate It is necessary to adjust so that 360 nm of transmittance Tp 360 when making two sheets parallel to the absorption axis direction and measuring satisfies the following formula (5).
- the orientation of polyiodine such as 295 nm and 360 nm I 3 ⁇ and I 5 ⁇ is improved. It is necessary to satisfy the above formulas (4) and (5), and further, the transmittance Tc 295 at 295 nm when two sheets of the substrate are measured at right angles to the absorption axis direction is It is more preferable that the transmittance Tc 360 at 360 nm when the formula (6) is satisfied and the two substrates are measured parallel to the absorption axis direction satisfies the following formula (7).
- each of Yp 18.6 , Yp 19.4 , Yp 22.12 and Yp 22.67 represents a multiplier of parallel transmittance Yp.
- blue light of 460 nm is emitted in white using a phosphor, so that the transmittance of 430 nm to 480 nm centered on 460 nm improves the contrast of the polarizing element.
- the transmittance of the polarizing element is high when the two 460 nm substrates are measured orthogonal to the absorption axis direction, blue light leaks and true black can not be expressed as a display.
- true black can not be similarly expressed, and the contrast between white and black can not be realized.
- the transmittance of the polarizing element is 0.035% or less at a transmittance of 460 nm when the two substrates are measured orthogonal to the absorption axis direction, and the two substrates in the absorption axis direction. It is preferable to prepare so that the transmittance
- the present invention can be easily achieved by using a film original film made of a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film having a degree of polymerization of 1000 to 10000 as a substrate of the polarizing element. More preferably, the polymerization degree of the polyvinyl alcohol-based film is 3500 to 6000, and still more preferably the polymerization degree is 4500 to 6000.
- the polarizing plate of the present invention can be obtained by providing a transparent protective layer on at least one side or both sides of the polarizing element of the present invention obtained through the above steps.
- the transparent protective layer can be provided by coating or laminating the polymer or film forming the protective layer on the polarizing element of the present invention.
- the transparent polymer or film forming the transparent protective layer is preferably a transparent polymer or film having high mechanical strength and good thermal stability. Furthermore, those having excellent water blocking properties are more preferable.
- cellulose acetate resin or film thereof such as triacetyl cellulose or diacetyl cellulose, acrylic resin or film thereof, polyester resin or film thereof, polyarylate resin or film thereof, cyclic such as norbornene Cyclic polyolefin resin having olefin as monomer or film thereof, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyolefin having cyclo or norbornene skeleton or copolymer thereof, resin or polymer of imide or / and main chain whose main chain or side chain is imide or / or amide or its polymer A film etc. are mentioned.
- a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin is generally known to function as an alignment film, for example, rubbing treatment, alignment film coating and alignment treatment, etc. are applied to the surface of the obtained polarizing element to obtain liquid crystal.
- the thickness of the protective film is, for example, about 0.5 to 200 ⁇ m. When these films are provided on both sides of the polarizing element, the same film may be used or different films may be used.
- an adhesive When laminating the film which is the transparent protective layer with the polarizing element of the present invention, it is preferable to use an adhesive.
- the adhesive include polyvinyl alcohol-based, urethane-based, acrylic-based and epoxy-based adhesives.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive include, but are not limited to, Gohsenol NH-26 (manufactured by Nippon Gosei Co., Ltd.), EXCAR RS-2117 (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.), and the like.
- a crosslinker and / or a water resistant agent may be added to the adhesive.
- the adhesive may contain an inorganic acid or a salt thereof and / or an organic acid at a concentration of 0.0001 wt% to 20 wt%, preferably 0.02 wt% to 5 wt%.
- an adhesive in which a maleic anhydride-isobutylene copolymer is mixed alone or in combination with a crosslinking agent can be used.
- maleic anhydride-isobutylene copolymer for example, Isoban # 18 (made by Kuraray), Isoban # 04 (made by Kuraray), ammonia modified isoban # 104 (made by Kuraray), ammonia modified isoban # 110 (made by Kuraray) And imidated isoban # 304 (manufactured by Kuraray), imidized isovan # 310 (manufactured by Kuraray), and the like.
- a water soluble polyvalent epoxy compound can be used as the crosslinking agent at that time.
- the water-soluble polyvalent epoxy compound examples include Denacol EX-521 (manufactured by Nagase Chemtech Inc.) and Tetrat-C (manufactured by Mitsui Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.).
- the above-mentioned buffer, inorganic acid or salt thereof and / or organic acid, zinc compound, chloride or iodide, etc. more preferably, buffer, inorganic acid or salt thereof and / or Alternatively, the durability can be similarly improved by containing the organic acid in a concentration of about 0.01 wt% to 10 wt% with respect to the adhesive component. After bonding the film which is a transparent protective layer and the polarizing element of the present invention with the adhesive, it can be adhered by heating and drying and further heat treatment.
- a polarizing plate for example, in the case of bonding the obtained polarizing plate to a display device such as a liquid crystal display or using it in a polarizing filter or a polarizing lens, viewing angle improvement and / or improvement on the surface of a protective layer or film It is also possible to provide various functional layers for improving the contrast, and a layer or film having brightness improvement. In order to bond a polarizing plate to these films and display devices, it is preferable to use an adhesive.
- This polarizing plate may have various known functional layers such as an antireflection layer, an antiglare layer, and a hard coat layer on the other surface, that is, the exposed surface of the protective layer or film.
- functional layers such as an antireflection layer, an antiglare layer, and a hard coat layer on the other surface, that is, the exposed surface of the protective layer or film.
- the film which has the function can also be bonded via an adhesive agent or an adhesive.
- various functional layers can be made into the layer or film which controls a phase difference.
- the image display device of the present invention can be obtained by using the polarizing plate of the present invention for a liquid crystal display, an electroluminescence display device, a CRT or the like.
- a liquid crystal display device can be obtained by bonding the polarizing plate of the present invention on both sides of a liquid crystal cell constituting a liquid crystal display with a retardation film as required with an adhesive.
- the transmittance of each wavelength at the time of measuring one polarizing element or polarizing plate is regarded as single transmittance Ts, and two polarizing elements or polarizing plates are overlapped so that the absorption axis direction becomes the same.
- the transmittance of each wavelength in the case was taken as parallel transmittance Tp, and the transmittance of each wavelength when two polarizing plates were stacked so that their absorption axes were orthogonal was taken as orthogonal transmittance Tc.
- the spectral transmittances Ts, Tp and Tc were each measured using a spectrophotometer (“U-4100” manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.).
- the visibility corrected parallel transmittance Yp was calculated from the parallel transmittance Tp measured at predetermined wavelength intervals d ⁇ (here, 5 nm) in the wavelength region of 400 to 700 nm according to the following equation (9).
- P ⁇ represents the spectral distribution of standard light (C light source)
- y ⁇ represents a color matching function based on JIS Z 8729 (C light source 2 ° visual field).
- the visibility corrected orthogonal transmittance Yc was calculated by the following equation (10) from the orthogonal transmittance Tc measured at predetermined wavelength intervals d ⁇ (5 nm in this case) in the wavelength region of 400 to 700 nm.
- P ⁇ represents the spectral distribution of standard light (C light source)
- y ⁇ represents a color matching function based on JIS Z 8729 (C light source 2 ° visual field).
- the degree of polarization Py was determined by the following equation (11) from the visibility corrected parallel transmittance Yp and the visibility corrected orthogonal transmittance Yc.
- Example 1 A polyvinyl alcohol film (VF-PM manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m, a degree of polymerization of 5500, and a degree of saponification of 99% or more is swollen with warm water at 40 ° C., and then 1000 parts by weight of water, International Publication No.
- VF-PM polyvinyl alcohol film manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.
- Example 2 A polyvinyl alcohol film (VF-PM manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m, a degree of polymerization of 4,000, and a degree of saponification of 99% is a polyvinyl alcohol film (made by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) A polarizing element of the present application was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that VF-PH was used.
- VF-PM manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.
- Example 3 A polarizing element was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the staining treatment time was 1 minute and 30 seconds.
- Example 4 A polarizing element was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the staining treatment time was 1 minute and 30 seconds.
- Example 5 A polyvinyl alcohol film (VF-PM manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m, a degree of polymerization of 5500, and a degree of saponification of 99% or more is swollen with warm water at 40 ° C., and then 1000 parts by weight of water, International Publication No.
- VF-PM polyvinyl alcohol film manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.
- the dyed film is stretched 5 times at 58 ° C. with a solution containing 3% by weight of boric acid, and after stretching, while maintaining the tension after stretching, the stretch ratio is maintained and the film is processed
- the difference in relative velocity between the velocity and the flow velocity of the treatment process was immersed almost constant, and the post-treatment process was performed for 20 seconds. Thereafter, it was dried in a dryer at 70 ° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a polarizing element.
- Comparative Example 1 1000 parts by weight of water, 1000 parts by weight of water without treatment with an aqueous solution containing a dye having the structure of the formula (1) described in International Publication No. WO 2005/015275 Synthesis Example 1, boric acid (Societa larderello s 28.6 parts by weight, 0.14 parts by weight of iodine (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 10.27 parts by weight of potassium iodide (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) 2
- the magnification after stretching was maintained while stirring at a speed of 60 rpm an aqueous solution prepared by adding 35 parts by weight of potassium iodide to 1000 parts by weight of water after being dipped and subjected to dyeing treatment and stretching.
- a polarizing element was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the post-treatment step was carried out for 20 seconds.
- Comparative example 2 1000 parts by weight of water, 1000 parts by weight of water without treatment with an aqueous solution containing a dye having the structure of the formula (1) described in International Publication No. WO 2005/015275 Synthesis Example 1, boric acid (Societa larderello s 28.6 parts by weight, 0.14 parts by weight of iodine (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 10.27 parts by weight of potassium iodide (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) 2
- the film is dyed by immersion for a minute, and after stretching, an aqueous solution prepared by adding 35 parts by weight of potassium iodide to 1000 parts by weight of water is stirred at a speed of 60 rpm while maintaining the magnification after drawing
- a polarizing element was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the post-treatment step was performed for 20 seconds.
- Comparative example 3 1000 parts by weight of water, 1000 parts by weight of water without treatment with an aqueous solution containing a dye having the structure of the formula (1) described in International Publication No. WO 2005/015275 Synthesis Example 1, boric acid (Societa larderello s 28.6 parts by weight, 0.14 parts by weight of iodine (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 10.27 parts by weight of potassium iodide (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) 2
- the magnification after stretching was maintained while stirring at a speed of 60 rpm an aqueous solution prepared by adding 50 parts by weight of potassium iodide to 1000 parts by weight of water after partial immersion and staining.
- a polarizing element was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the post-treatment step was carried out for 20 seconds.
- Comparative example 4 1000 parts by weight of water, 1000 parts by weight of water without treatment with an aqueous solution containing a dye having the structure of the formula (1) described in International Publication No. WO 2005/015275 Synthesis Example 1, boric acid (Societa larderello s 28.6 parts by weight, 0.14 parts by weight of iodine (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 10.27 parts by weight of potassium iodide (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) 2
- the magnification after stretching was maintained while stirring at a speed of 60 rpm an aqueous solution prepared by adding 50 parts by weight of potassium iodide to 1000 parts by weight of water after partial immersion and staining.
- a polarizing element was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the post-treatment step was carried out for 20 seconds.
- Comparative example 5 An iodine-based polarizing plate SKN-18242P manufactured by Polatechno Co., Ltd. was immersed in dichloromethane, and the polarizing element was extracted to obtain a comparative example sample.
- Comparative example 6 1000 parts by weight of water, 1000 parts by weight of water without treatment with an aqueous solution containing a dye having the structure of the formula (1) described in International Publication No. WO 2005/015275 Synthesis Example 1, boric acid (Societa larderello s 28.6 parts by weight of an aqueous solution containing 28.6 parts by weight of iodine, 0.25 parts by weight of iodine (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 17.7 parts by weight of potassium iodide (manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) A polarizing element was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the film was dipped in water and then subjected to dyeing treatment, and after stretching, the film was dipped in water and treated for 20 seconds.
- boric acid Societa larderello s 28.6 parts by weight of an aqueous solution containing 28.6 parts by weight of iodine,
- Comparative example 7 1000 parts by weight of water, 0.1 part by weight of a dye having the structure of the formula (1) described in International Publication No. WO 2005/015275, and an aqueous solution containing 1.0 part by weight of sodium tripolyphosphate for 3 minutes and 00 seconds
- a polarizing element was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the treatment.
- the obtained polarizing plate was yellowish in appearance.
- the parameters of the polarizing elements obtained in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 are shown in Table 1.
- the parameters shown in Table 1 are as follows. Visibility corrected single transmittance Ys, Visibility corrected parallel transmittance Yp, Visibility corrected orthogonal transmittance Yc, Single transmittance Ts 460 at 460 nm, Parallel transmittance Tp 460 at 460 nm when measured with two substrates parallel to the absorption axis direction Orthogonal transmittance Tc 460 at 460 nm when measuring two substrates at right angles to the absorption axis direction, Single transmittance Ts 550 of 550 nm, Single transmittance Ts 610 at 610 nm, Orthogonal transmittance Tc 610 at 610 nm when measured with two substrates orthogonal to the absorption axis direction, Average value Ts Ave 430-480 of single transmittance of 430 nm to 480 nm, Average value Tp Ave 430-480 of parallel transmitt
- the polarizing elements of Examples 1 to 5 are polarizing elements having substantially constant transmittance at each wavelength, and the visibility corrected single transmittance Ys when measured alone is 40.0. % To 42.5%, and the difference between the visibility corrected single transmittance Ys and the single transmittance Ts 460 at 460 nm is within 1.2%, and the visibility corrected single transmittance Ys and the single transmittance Ts at 550 nm
- the difference with 550 is within 1%
- the difference between the visibility corrected single transmittance Ys and the single transmittance Ts 610 of 610 nm is within 1%, and the two substrates are made orthogonal to the absorption axis direction.
- the visual sensitivity correction orthogonal transmittance Yc obtained by measurement is 0.01% or less
- the orthogonal transmittance of 430 nm to 480 nm obtained by measuring the two substrates at right angles to the absorption axis direction Average value Tc Ave430-480 is 0.0 It turns out that it is 3% or less.
- a polarizing plate can be obtained by laminating the polarizing element with a protective layer, but when the polarizing element of Examples 1 to 5 is installed parallel to the absorption axis, the transmittance of 430 nm to 480 nm is 500 nm to It has almost constant optical characteristics as compared to the transmittance of 650 nm, and emission uniformity at each wavelength could be maintained.
- the visual sensitivity correction orthogonal transmittance Yc is 0.01% or less and the average value Tc Ave 430-480 of the orthogonal transmittance of 430 nm to 480 nm is 0.03% or less.
- the polarizing element has high contrast and is a polarizing element or polarizing plate capable of making the transmittance of each wavelength in the visible range constant. Therefore, the polarizing elements of Examples 1 to 5 obtained by the above method or the polarizing plates produced using these polarizing elements have high transmittance, high contrast ratio, and very high color reproducibility. It can be used as a polarizing plate, particularly as a polarizing plate for liquid crystal displays. In addition, a display using this is expected to be a display that is reliable, can maintain high contrast over a long period of time, and has high color reproducibility.
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Abstract
Description
「(1)ホウ酸を吸着し延伸された親水性高分子からなり、且つ、ヨウ素を含有する偏光機能を有する基材を含んだ偏光素子であって、
遊離酸の形式で、式(1):
(式(1)中、R1は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、低級アルキル基、低級アルコシキシル基、またはカルボキシル基を示し、k、m、nは個々に0または1を示す。ただし、m+n>1である。)
で表される有機化合物又はその塩を含有し、
該基材を単体で測定した場合の視感度補正単体透過率Ycが40.0%乃至42.5%であり、
視感度補正単体透過率Ysと460nmの単体透過率Ts460との差が1.2%以内であり、
視感度補正単体透過率Ysと550nmの単体透過率Ts550との差が1%以内であり、
視感度補正単体透過率Ysと610nmの単体透過率Ts610との差が1%以内であり、
該基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して直交にして測定した場合の視感度補正直交透過率が0.01%以下であり、
該基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して直交にして測定した場合の430nm乃至480nmの直交透過率の平均値Tc Ave430-480が0.03%以下であることを特徴とする、偏光素子;
(2)前記基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して平行にして測定した場合の視感度補正平行透過率Ypが33%乃至37%の範囲であり、
該基板の平行透過率Ypと、該基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して平行にして測定した場合の255nmの透過率Tp255とが、下記式(2):
0.75×Yp-13≦Tp255≦0.75×Yp+1.0 ・・・式(2)
を満たすことを特徴とする、上記(1)に記載の偏光素子;
(3)前記基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して平行にして測定した場合の視感度補正平行透過率Ypが33%乃至37%の範囲であり、
該平行透過率Ypと、該基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して直交にして測定した場合の255nmの透過率Tc255とが、下記式(3):
2.0×10-6×Yp4.1≦Tc255≦2.0×10-6×Yp4.4 ・・・式(3)
を満たすことを特徴とする上記(1)または(2)に記載の偏光素子;
(4)前記基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して平行にして測定した場合の視感度補正平行透過率Ypが33%乃至37%の範囲であり、
該平行透過率Ypと、前記基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して平行にして測定した場合の460nmの平行透過率Tp460との差が3%以内であることを特徴とする、上記(1)乃至(3)のいずれか一項に記載の偏光素子;
(5)前記基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して平行にして測定した場合の視感度補正透過率Ypが33%乃至37%の範囲にあり、
該平行透過率Ypと、前記基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して平行にして測定した場合の295nmの透過率Tp295とが、下記式(4)を満たし、
該平行透過率Ypと、前記基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して平行にして測定した場合の360nmの透過率Tp360とが、下記式(5)を満たすことを特徴とする、上記(1)乃至(4)のいずれか一項に記載の偏光素子;
1.05×Yp-26≦Tp295≦1.05×Yp-13 ・・・式(4)
1.25×Yp-26.25≦Tp360≦1.25×Yp-16.25 ・・・式(5)
(6)前記基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して直交にして測定した場合の295nmの透過率Tc295が、式(6)を満たし、且つ、
該基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して平行にして測定した場合の360nmの透過率Tc360が、式(7)を満たすことを特徴とする、上記(1)乃至(5)のいずれか一項に記載の偏光素子;
2.0×10-30×Yp18.6≦Tc295≦2.0×10-30×Yp19.4 ・・・式(6)
4.0×10-37×Yp22.12≦Tc360≦4.0×10-37×Yp22.67 ・・・式(7)
(7)前記基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して直交にして測定した場合の460nmの透過率Tc460が0.035%以下であり、かつ、
該基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して直交にして測定した場合の610nmの透過率Tc610が0.01%以下であることを特徴とする、上記(1)乃至(6)のいずれか一項に記載の偏光素子;
(8)前記基材が、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂フィルムからなり、
該ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂フィルムの重合度が3000乃至7000であることを特徴とする、上記(1)乃至(7)のいずれか一項に記載の偏光素子;
(9)上記(1)~(8)のいずれか一項に記載の偏光素子の少なくとも片面に支持体フィルムを設けてなる偏光板;
(10)上記(1)~(8)のいずれか一項に記載の偏光素子または上記(9)に記載の偏光板を備える液晶表示装置;
(11)ホウ酸を吸着し延伸された親水性高分子からなり、且つ、ヨウ素を含有する偏光機能を有する基材を含んだ偏光素子の製造方法であって、
(i)ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂フィルムに、二色性色素を含有させ、二色性色素を含有したフィルムを得る工程と、
(ii)前記二色性色素を含有したフィルムを延伸して、延伸したフィルムを得る工程と、
(iii)前記延伸したフィルムを、塩化物含有溶液またはヨウ化物含有溶液を用いて後処理に供する工程と、
(iv)前記後処理の後、フィルムを乾燥させて前記基材を得る工程と
を含み、
前記塩化物含有溶液またはヨウ化物含有溶液の濃度が、0.1~15重量%であり、
下記式(1):
の有機化合物を含有させる工程を更に含むことを特徴とする、製造方法」
に関する。
本発明の偏光素子を作製する方法としては、例えば、親水性高分子フィルムを膨潤する工程、次いで二色性色素を含有させる染色工程、次いで必要に応じて耐水化処理工程を行い、次いで延伸工程、次に後処理工程、最後に乾燥工程を経て作製する方法が挙げられる。
PVA0.28gを、蒸留水70gで95℃にて溶解し、0.4%PVA水溶液を作製し、30℃に冷却する。30℃の恒温水槽中で冷却して、重合度測定用サンプルとする。次いで、蒸発皿に重合度測定用サンプル10mLを105℃の乾燥機で20時間乾燥させ、重合度測定用サンプルの乾燥後重量[α(g)]を測定する。重合度測定用サンプルの濃度C(g/L)は、下記式(i)により算出する。
フィルム原反を5cm×5cmにカットし、30℃の蒸留水1リットルに4時間浸漬する。この浸漬したフィルムを蒸留水中から取り出し、2枚のろ紙ではさんで表面の水滴を吸収させた後に、水に浸漬されていたフィルムの重さ[β(g)]を測定する。さらに、浸漬されて水滴を吸収されたフィルムを105℃の乾燥機で20時間乾燥し、デシケーターで30分間冷却した後、乾燥後のフィルムの重さ[γ(g)]を測定し、式(v)によりフィルム原反の膨潤度Fを算出する。
(膨潤工程)
上述したフィルム原反はまず、フィルムを膨潤させる膨潤工程に供される。
当該工程において、膨潤は、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂フィルムを20~50℃の溶液に15秒~10分間浸漬させることによって達成される。その際の溶液は水が好ましいが、グリセリン、エタノール、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、低分子量ポリエチレングリコールなどの水溶性有機溶剤、または水と水溶性有機溶剤との混合溶液でも良い。膨潤工程においても皺や折れ込みの発生を防ぐために、適度に延伸していることが好ましく、その延伸倍率は好ましくは1.00~1.50倍、より好ましくは1.10~1.35倍である。偏光素子を作製する時間を短縮する場合には、ヨウ素、ヨウ化物処理時、染料の染色工程でも膨潤効果が得られるのでこの工程を省略しても良い。
次いで、膨潤した前記ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂フィルムを、二色性色素を含有する溶液で染色する染色工程に供する。
溶液の溶媒としては水が好ましいが、特に限定されない。二色性色素としては、例えば、ヨウ素とヨウ化物との混合溶液から得られる多ヨウ素イオンや、有機化合物の二色性染料等が挙げられる。ヨウ化物としては、例えば、ヨウ化カリウム、ヨウ化アンモニウム、ヨウ化コバルト、ヨウ化亜鉛などを用いることが出来るが、ここで示したヨウ化物に限定されない。ヨウ素とヨウ化物の混合溶液中のヨウ素濃度は0.0001~0.5wt%、好ましくは0.001~0.4wt%である。用いるヨウ化物の濃度は0.0001~8wt%が好ましい。場合によっては、色を補正するために、有機化合物の二色性染料としては例えば、非特許文献1に記載の二色性色素などを用いて、本願の求める性能を損なわない範囲で色補正を行っても良い。染料は限定されず、公知の二色性染料を用いることができる。染料濃度は特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、0.006wt%から0.3wt%程度が良い。染色性が不十分な場合には、トリポリリン酸ナトリウム、および/または芒硝(硫酸ナトリリウム)などの着色助剤を添加して染色を行うのが好ましい。また、染色温度は、5~50℃、好ましくは5~40℃、より好ましくは10~30℃である。染色時間は、得られる偏光素子の透過率等に応じて適宜調節できるが、30秒~6分程度、より好ましくは1分~5分である。この工程においても、皺や折れ込みの発生を防ぐために、適度に延伸することが好ましい。その延伸倍率は好ましくは0.90~2.00倍、より好ましくは1.00~1.30倍である。
続いて、染色工程の後染色されたフィルムに、必要に応じて耐水化処理を施す耐水化処理工程に供する。
当該工程では、架橋剤または/および耐水化剤を含有する溶液によって前記フィルムを処理する。架橋剤または/および耐水化剤としては、前記ホウ酸、ホウ砂、ホウ酸アンモニウムなどのホウ素化合物、グリオキザール、グルタルアルデヒドなどの多価アルデヒド、ビウレット型、イソシアヌレート型、ブロック型などの多価イソシアネート系化合物、チタニウムオキシサルフェイトなどのチタニウム系化合物、エチレングリコールグリシジルエーテル、ポリアミドエピクロルヒドリン、過酸化コハク酸、過硫酸アモンモニウム、過塩素酸カルシウム、べンゾインエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、グリセリンジグリシジルエーテル、塩化アンモニウム、塩化マグネシウムなどが挙げられるが、ホウ酸が好ましい。その際の溶媒として、例えば、水、アルコール系溶剤、グリコール系溶剤、グリセリンまたはそれら混合溶媒などが用いることができる。架橋剤または/および耐水化剤の濃度は、例えばホウ酸水溶液の場合、該溶液中に0.1~6.0wt%程度の濃度が好ましく、2~4wt%がより好ましい。この工程での処理温度は、5~60℃、好ましくは5~45℃程度である。処理時間は1分~5分程度が好ましい。この工程においても、皺や折れ込みの発生を防ぐために、適度に延伸することが好ましく、その延伸倍率は0.95~1.5倍程度である。
更に、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂フィルムを延伸する延伸工程に供する。
当該工程では、該フィルムを1軸延伸する。延伸方法としては、湿式延伸法または乾式延伸法のいずれを使用しても良い。
次に、色相の調整、偏光特性の向上、耐久性の向上のために、上記フィルムに後処理を施す後処理工程を行う。
当該工程では、具体的には、二色性色素を含有させ、一軸延伸されたポリビニルアルコール系樹脂フィルムを、塩化物またはヨウ化物を含有する溶液によって処理する。塩化物またはヨウ化物としては、例えば、ヨウ化カリウム、ヨウ化ナトリウム、ヨウ化アンモニウム、ヨウ化コバルト、ヨウ化亜鉛といったヨウ化物、塩化亜鉛、塩化カリウム、塩化ナトリウムといった塩化物などが挙げられ、この中の一種、もしくは二種以上を溶液に混合して処理を行う。溶液中の塩化物またはヨウ化物の濃度は好ましくは0.1~15wt%、より好ましくは0.15~10wt%である。この工程においても、皺や折れ込みの発生を防ぐために、適度に延伸することが好ましく、その際の延伸倍率は0.90~1.10倍が好ましい。また処理温度は、例えば5℃~50℃以下が好ましいが、より好ましくは20~40℃である。処理時間は、例えば、1秒~5分程度、好ましくは5秒~30秒である。この工程において、前記架橋剤および/または耐水化剤を添加しても良い。添加する濃度は、例えば、0.5~10wt%である。
上記、後処理工程の後、乾燥工程を経ることによって本発明の偏光素子の基材が得られる。
乾燥の方法としては、例えば、自然乾燥、ロールによる圧縮やエアーナイフ、または吸水ロール等によって表面の水分を除去する方法、加熱による乾燥などが挙げられる。加熱乾燥の場合の乾燥温度としては、20~90℃が好ましく、より好ましくは40~70℃である。乾燥時間は30秒~20分程度が好ましく、2~10分程度がより好ましい。この乾燥工程においても、乾燥に伴うポリビニルアルコール系樹脂フィルムの収縮による皺やスジの発生を防ぐために、適度に延伸するのが好ましく、その際の延伸倍率は0.95~1.10倍が好ましい。
式(1)で示される色素の具体例をとしては、C.I.Direct Yellow28、C.I.Direct Yellow29が例示できる。式(1)の有機化合物の濃度は、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、水1000重量部に対して0.05重量部乃至3重量部程度が好適であり、染色性が不十分な場合には、トリポリリン酸ナトリウム、および/または芒硝(硫酸ナトリリウム)などの着色助剤を添加して染色を行うのが好ましい。また、染色温度は、5~50℃、好ましくは5~40℃、より好ましくは10~30℃である。染色時間は、得られる偏光素子の透過率等に応じて適宜調節できるが、例えば、30秒~6分程度が良く、好ましくは1~5分である。
また、フィルムの収縮や膨張がなるべく発生しないように延伸された延伸倍率および/または延伸張力を保ちつつ処理することが好ましい。さらには、フィルムの搬送される速度と後処理工程の水流速度との相対速度の差がないような状態で処理することが好ましく、また、その際に処理液に超音波を用いて、偏光素子の内部まで十分に処理することがより好ましい。以上の方法により後処理工程を行い、本願の偏光素子を得ることが出来る。
1.25×Yp-26.25≦Tp360≦1.25×Yp-16.25 ・・・式(5)
4.0×10-37×Yp22.12≦Tc360≦4.0×10-37×Yp22.67 ・・・式(7)
以上の工程を経て得られた本発明の偏光素子の少なくとも片面または両面に、透明保護層を設けることによって本発明の偏光板を得ることができる。具体的には、透明保護層は該保護層を形成するポリマーやフィルムを本発明の偏光素子に塗布あるいはラミネートすることによって設けることができる。透明保護層を形成する透明ポリマーまたはフィルムとしては、機械的強度が高く、熱安定性が良好な透明ポリマーまたはフィルムが好ましい。さらには、水分遮断性が優れるものがより好ましい。透明保護層として用いる物質として、例えば、トリアセチルセルロースやジアセチルセルロースのようなセルロースアセテート樹脂またはそのフィルム、アクリル樹脂またはそのフィルム、ポリエステル樹脂またはそのフィルム、ポリアリレート樹脂またはそのフィルム、ノルボルネンのような環状オレフィンをモノマーとする環状ポリオレフィン樹脂またはそのフィルム、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、シクロ系ないしはノルボルネン骨格を有するポリオレフィンまたはその共重合体、主鎖または側鎖がイミドまたは/およびアミドの樹脂またはポリマーまたはそのフィルムなどが挙げられる。さらに、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂は一般的に配向膜として、機能することが知られているので、得られた偏光素子の表面に、例えばラビング処理、または配向膜塗布および配向処理などを適用し、液晶性を有する樹脂またはそのフィルムを設けても良い。保護フィルムの厚みは、例えば、0.5~200μm程度である。これらのフィルムを偏光素子の両面に設ける場合、同じフィルムを用いても良いし、異なるフィルムを用いても良い。
<液晶表示装置>
さらに、本発明の偏光板を液晶ディスプレイやエレクトロルミネッセンス表示装置、CRT等に用いることにより、本発明の画像表示装置が得られる。特に、本発明の偏光板を、液晶ディスプレイを構成する液晶セルの両側に必要に応じて位相差フィルムと共に粘着剤で貼り合せることにより、液晶表示装置を得ることができる。
偏光素子、又は、偏光板を1枚で測定した際の各波長の透過率を単体透過率Tsとし、2枚の偏光素子、又は、偏光板をその吸収軸方向が同一となるように重ねた場合の各波長の透過率を平行透過率Tpとし、2枚の偏光板をその吸収軸が直交するように重ねた場合の各波長の透過率を直交位透過率Tcとした。
厚みが60μm、重合度5500、けん化度99%以上のポリビニルアルコール系フィルム(クラレ社製VF-PM)を40℃の温水にて膨潤させた後、水1000重量部、国際公開番号WO2005/015275 合成例1に記載される式(1)の構造を有する色素0.02重量部、トリポリリン酸ナトリウム 1.0重量部が含有した水溶液で1分30秒処理し、続けて水1000重量部、ホウ酸(Societa larderello s.p.a.社製)28.6重量部、沃素(純正化学社製)0.14重量部、ヨウ化カリウム(純正化学社製)10.27重量部を含有した水溶液により30℃で2分浸漬し染色処理を行った。染色されたフィルムを、ホウ酸3重量%を含有している溶液にて58℃で5倍延伸し、延伸の後、水1000重量部に対しヨウ化カリウム3.5重量部を添加して作製したヨウ化物含有水溶液に、延伸後の張力を保ちつつ、延伸倍率を維持し、フィルムが処理される搬送速度と処理工程の水流の速度との相対速度の差がほぼ一定状態で、20kHz乃至40kHzの超音波を適用しながら浸漬し、後処理工程を20秒間行った。ヨウ化カリウム水溶液を20秒浸漬したフィルムは、その後、70℃の乾燥機にて10分間乾燥し、偏光素子が得られた。
厚みが60μm、重合度4000、けん化度99%以上のポリビニルアルコール系フィルム(クラレ社製VF-PM)を、厚みが40μm、重合度4000、けん化度99%以上のポリビニルアルコール系フィルム(クラレ社製VF-PH)を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、本願の偏光素子を得た。
染色処理の時間を1分30秒としたこと以外は実施例2と同様にして、偏光素子を得た。
染色処理の時間を1分30秒としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、偏光素子を得た。
厚みが60μm、重合度5500、けん化度99%以上のポリビニルアルコール系フィルム(クラレ社製VF-PM)を40℃の温水にて膨潤させた後、水1000重量部、国際公開番号WO2005/015275 合成例1に記載される式(1)の構造を有する色素0.02重量部、トリポリリン酸ナトリウム 1.0重量部が含有した水溶液で1分30秒処理し、続けて水1000重量部、ホウ酸(Societa larderello s.p.a.社製)28.6重量部、沃素(純正化学社製)0.14重量部、ヨウ化カリウム(純正化学社製)10.27重量部を含有した水溶液に、30℃で2分浸漬し染色処理を行った。染色されたフィルムをホウ酸3重量%が含有している溶液にて58℃で5倍延伸し、延伸の後、延伸後の張力を保ちつつ、延伸倍率を維持し、フィルムが処理される搬送速度と処理工程の水流の速度との相対速度の差がほぼ一定状態で浸漬し、後処理工程を20秒間行った。その後、70℃の乾燥機にて10分間乾燥し、偏光素子を得た。
水1000重量部、国際公開番号WO2005/015275 合成例1に記載される式(1)の構造を有する色素を含有した水溶液で処理せずに、続けて水1000重量部、ホウ酸(Societa larderello s.p.a.社製)28.6重量部、沃素(純正化学社製)0.14重量部、ヨウ化カリウム(純正化学社製)10.27重量部を含有した水溶液により30℃で2分浸漬し染色処理を行い、かつ、延伸の後、水1000重量部に対してヨウ化カリウム35重量部を添加して作製した水溶液を60rpmの速度で撹拌させながら、延伸後の倍率を維持したまま後処理工程を20秒間行ったこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、偏光素子を得た。
水1000重量部、国際公開番号WO2005/015275 合成例1に記載される式(1)の構造を有する色素を含有した水溶液で処理せずに、続けて水1000重量部、ホウ酸(Societa larderello s.p.a.社製)28.6重量部、沃素(純正化学社製)0.14重量部、ヨウ化カリウム(純正化学社製)10.27重量部を含有した水溶液により30℃で2分浸漬し染色処理を行い、かつ、延伸の後、水1000重量部に対しヨウ化カリウム35重量部を添加して作製した水溶液を60rpmの速度で撹拌させながら、延伸後の倍率を維持したまま後処理工程を20秒間行ったこと以外は実施例2と同様にして、偏光素子を得た。
水1000重量部、国際公開番号WO2005/015275 合成例1に記載される式(1)の構造を有する色素を含有した水溶液で処理せずに、続けて水1000重量部、ホウ酸(Societa larderello s.p.a.社製)28.6重量部、沃素(純正化学社製)0.14重量部、ヨウ化カリウム(純正化学社製)10.27重量部を含有した水溶液により30℃で2分浸漬し染色処理を行い、かつ、延伸の後、水1000重量部に対してヨウ化カリウム50重量部を添加して作製した水溶液を60rpmの速度で撹拌させながら、延伸後の倍率を維持したまま後処理工程を20秒間行ったこと以外は実施例3と同様にして、偏光素子を得た。
水1000重量部、国際公開番号WO2005/015275 合成例1に記載される式(1)の構造を有する色素を含有した水溶液で処理せずに、続けて水1000重量部、ホウ酸(Societa larderello s.p.a.社製)28.6重量部、沃素(純正化学社製)0.14重量部、ヨウ化カリウム(純正化学社製)10.27重量部を含有した水溶液により30℃で2分浸漬し染色処理を行い、かつ、延伸の後、水1000重量部に対してヨウ化カリウム50重量部を添加して作製した水溶液を60rpmの速度で撹拌させながら、延伸後の倍率を維持したまま後処理工程を20秒間行ったこと以外は実施例4と同様にして、偏光素子を得た。
ポラテクノ社製ヨウ素系偏光板SKN-18242Pをジクロロメタンに浸漬し、偏光素子を抽出し、比較例サンプルとした。
水1000重量部、国際公開番号WO2005/015275 合成例1に記載される式(1)の構造を有する色素を含有した水溶液で処理せずに、続けて水1000重量部、ホウ酸(Societa larderello s.p.a.社製)28.6重量部、沃素(純正化学社製)0.25重量部、ヨウ化カリウム(純正化学社製)17.7重量部を含有した水溶液により30℃で2分浸漬し染色処理を行い、かつ、延伸の後、フィルムを水に浸漬し、20秒間処理を行ったこと以外は実施例5と同様にして、偏光素子を得た。
水1000重量部、国際公開番号WO2005/015275 合成例1に記載される式(1)の構造を有する色素0.1重量部、トリポリリン酸ナトリウム 1.0重量部が含有した水溶液で3分00秒処理したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、偏光素子を作製した。得られた偏光板は、見た目に黄色く着色していた。
視感度補正単体透過率Ys、
視感度補正平行透過率Yp、
視感度補正直交透過率Yc、
460nmの単体透過率Ts460、
基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して平行にして測定した場合の460nmの平行透過率Tp460、
基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して直交にして測定した場合の460nmの直交透過率Tc460、
550nmの単体透過率Ts550、
610nmの単体透過率Ts610、
基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して直交にして測定した場合の610nmの直交透過率Tc610、
430nm乃至480nmの単体透過率の平均値Ts Ave430-480、
基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して平行にして測定した場合の430nm乃至480nmの平行位の透過率の平均値Tp Ave430-480、
基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して直交にして測定した場合の430nm乃至480nmの直交位の透過率の平均値Tc Ave430-480。
基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して平行にして測定して得られる255nmの平行透過率Tp255、
基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して直交にして測定して得られる255nmの直交透過率Tc255、
基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して平行にして測定して得られる295nmの平行透過率Tp295、
基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して直交にして測定して得られる295nmの直交透過率Tc295、
基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して平行にして測定して得られる360nmの平行透過率Tp360、
基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して直交にして測定して得られる360nmの直交透過率Tc360。
また、偏光素子を保護層によってラミネートすることによって偏光板を得ることが出来るが、実施例1~5の偏光素子は吸収軸に対し平行に設置した時、430nm乃至480nmの透過率が、500nmm乃至650nmの透過率と比較してほぼ一定の光学特性を有し、各波長での発光均一性が保つことが出来た。さらには、視感度補正直交透過率Ycが0.01%以下であって、かつ、430nm乃至480nmの直交透過率の平均値Tc Ave430-480が0.03%以下であることからも、これらの偏光素子は高いコントラストを有し、可視域の各波長透過率を一定にできる偏光素子または偏光板であることが分かった。
従って、上記方法で得られた実施例1~5の偏光素子またはこれら偏光素子を用いて作製された偏光板は、透過率が高く、コントラスト比が高く、かつ色再現性が非常に高いディルプレイ用偏光板、特に液晶ディスプレイ用偏光板として使用することができる。また、これを用いたディスプレイは、信頼性が高く、長期に亘って高いコントラストを維持することができ、かつ、高い色再現性を有するディスプレイとなることが期待される。
Claims (11)
- ホウ酸を吸着し延伸された親水性高分子からなり、且つ、ヨウ素を含有する偏光機能を有する基材を含んだ偏光素子であって、
遊離酸の形式で、式(1):
(式(1)中、R1は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、低級アルキル基、低級アルコシキシル基、またはカルボキシル基を示し、k、m、nは個々に0または1を示す。ただし、m+n>1である。)
で表される有機化合物又はその塩を含有し、
該基材を単体で測定した場合の視感度補正単体透過率Ycが40.0%乃至42.5%であり、
視感度補正単体透過率Ysと460nmの単体透過率Ts460との差が1.2%以内であり、
視感度補正単体透過率Ysと550nmの単体透過率Ts550との差が1%以内であり、
視感度補正単体透過率Ysと610nmの単体透過率Ts610との差が1%以内であり、
該基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して直交にして測定した場合の視感度補正直交透過率が0.01%以下であり、
該基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して直交にして測定した場合の430nm乃至480nmの直交透過率の平均値Tc Ave430-480が0.03%以下であることを特徴とする、偏光素子。 - 前記基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して平行にして測定した場合の視感度補正平行透過率Ypが33%乃至37%の範囲であり、
該基板の平行透過率Ypと、該基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して平行にして測定した場合の255nmの透過率Tp255とが、下記式(2):
0.75×Yp-13≦Tp255≦0.75×Yp+1.0 ・・・式(2)
を満たすことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の偏光素子。 - 前記基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して平行にして測定した場合の視感度補正平行透過率Ypが33%乃至37%の範囲であり、
該平行透過率Ypと、該基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して直交にして測定した場合の255nmの透過率Tc255とが、下記式(3):
2.0×10-6×Yp4.1≦Tc255≦2.0×10-6×Yp4.4 ・・・式(3)
を満たすことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の偏光素子。 - 前記基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して平行にして測定した場合の視感度補正平行透過率Ypが33%乃至37%の範囲であり、
該平行透過率Ypと、前記基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して平行にして測定した場合の460nmの平行透過率Tp460との差が3%以内であることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の偏光素子。 - 前記基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して平行にして測定した場合の視感度補正透過率Ypが33%乃至37%の範囲にあり、
該平行透過率Ypと、前記基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して平行にして測定した場合の295nmの透過率Tp295とが、下記式(4)を満たし、
該平行透過率Ypと、前記基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して平行にして測定した場合の360nmの透過率Tp360とが、下記式(5)を満たすことを特徴とする、請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の偏光素子。
1.05×Yp-26≦Tp295≦1.05×Yp-13 ・・・式(4)
1.25×Yp-26.25≦Tp360≦1.25×Yp-16.25 ・・・式(5) - 前記基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して直交にして測定した場合の295nmの透過率Tc295が、式(6)を満たし、且つ、
該基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して平行にして測定した場合の360nmの透過率Tc360が、式(7)を満たすことを特徴とする、請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の偏光素子。
2.0×10-30×Yp18.6≦Tc295≦2.0×10-30×Yp19.4 ・・・式(6)
4.0×10-37×Yp22.12≦Tc360≦4.0×10-37×Yp22.67 ・・・式(7) - 前記基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して直交にして測定した場合の460nmの透過率Tc460が0.035%以下であり、かつ、
該基材2枚を吸収軸方向に対して直交にして測定した場合の610nmの透過率Tc610が0.01%以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至6のいずれか一項に記載の偏光素子。 - 前記基材が、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂フィルムからなり、
該ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂フィルムの重合度が3000乃至7000であることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の偏光素子。 - 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の偏光素子の少なくとも片面に支持体フィルムを設けてなる偏光板。
- 請求項1乃至8のいずれか一項に記載の偏光素子または請求項9に記載の偏光板を備える液晶表示装置。
- ホウ酸を吸着し延伸された親水性高分子からなり、且つ、ヨウ素を含有する偏光機能を有する基材を含んだ偏光素子の製造方法であって、
(i)ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂フィルムに、二色性色素を含有させ、二色性色素を含有したフィルムを得る工程と、
(ii)前記二色性色素を含有したフィルムを延伸して、延伸したフィルムを得る工程と、
(iii)前記延伸したフィルムを、塩化物含有溶液またはヨウ化物含有溶液を用いて後処理に供する工程と、
(iv)前記後処理の後、フィルムを乾燥させて前記基材を得る工程と
を含み、
前記塩化物含有溶液またはヨウ化物含有溶液の濃度が、0.1~15重量%であり、
下記式(1):
の有機化合物を含有させる工程を更に含むことを特徴とする、製造方法。
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| CN201480063578.XA CN105899979B (zh) | 2013-12-02 | 2014-12-01 | 在各波长下具有均匀的透射率的高对比度的偏振元件和偏振片 |
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| KR20160092985A (ko) | 2016-08-05 |
| JP6461007B2 (ja) | 2019-01-30 |
| HK1222712A1 (zh) | 2017-07-07 |
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