WO2015075029A1 - Ice-free mat - Google Patents

Abstract

An ice-free mat composed of an electrically insulating base sheet (1), a foil heating resistor (7) and an electrically insulating cover sheet (2), which are bonded together and form a heating unit (10) to which an electric power supply leads. The base sheet (1) consists of polyurethane-bonded rubber granules, while the cover sheet (2) consists of the same or of vulcanised rubber.

Description

 Ice mat

Description Field of the invention

 The invention relates to an ice-free mat for the floor of buses and trams and the access roads of houses, e.g. of hotels and

Commercial buildings. Also switch access at ski lifts or sun terraces at ski huts, event open spaces or

Rooftop terraces can be kept ice-free.

Background of the invention

 From DE 100 52 345 AI a weather-resistant floor mat with electrical heating is known which comprises a plate-like carrier made of plastic or rubber and a heating wire which is meander-shaped or ladder-like incorporated in the carrier. With the mats, surfaces can be lined, with the problem arises, the mats mechanically and electrically connect to each other. For electrical connection are at the edges of the floor mat

Contact points provided with the appropriate

Contact points adjacent mats are connected. The sealing of this contact point is difficult.

WO 2008/09 2173 AI discloses an electrically controlled Heizmattensystem for open spaces, comprising one or more heating mats, which are each sandwiched from rubber ^¬ or art fabric plates with inserted PTC thermistor and thermistor are constructed. The PTC thermistors extend along the edges of the mats and the thermistor in

Meandering shape between the mat edges. Adjacent mats are made by connectors and electrical

Mats connections connected, the training is not explained in detail.

From DE 10 2008 058 529 AI and WO 00/11913 AI is a

Heating coating for application to a substrate known, wherein a heating element of a coarse mesh braid and a heat conductor is provided in meandering form, which are embedded in polyurethane layers. The heating coating can be used as surface heating element in buildings, on lanes, on sidewalks as well as on runways for airplanes, in order to keep these snow and ice-free. The coating is made firmly on the substrate via a bonding agent. This means that the heating coating must be considered as part of buildings or the land and does not constitute a commercial commodity in the strict sense, as is the case with heating mats.

From FR 2 681 753 Al a heating mat for floor heating is known, which is constructed of a glass fiber fabric with interwoven carbon fibers in both glass fiber directions and of upper and lower polyurethane cover layers. The power supply is marginal over poured

conductive plastic stripes.

From US 6,180,929 Bl and US 6,184,496 Bl heating mats for melting ice and snow in roofs and stairs are known which contain a heating film and laminated thereto upper and lower protective layers of fiber-reinforced rubber or vulcanized, rubbery polymer, the also connected to each other by gluing or ultrasonic welding. The heating mat comprises two peripheral copper wires and a grid pattern between them, consisting of printed resistive strips on a substrate foil. For power supply cables with electrical connectors are used, which run close to the heating mat within plastic tarpaulin linings and are connected via a plug disc with eyelet as an electrical terminal to the heating mat.

From US 2012/0168427 AI is a heating mat from a

A plurality of polygonal base plates and a plurality of connectors are provided at opposite ends with male or female formations and lead power lines to heaters within the base plates.

As you know, the municipalities are responsible for the safe access to buses and trams, which poses problems especially in winter with snow and ice.

 Similar problems arise in the access routes of hotels and business buildings.

General description of the invention

The invention has for its object to provide ice-free mats, the ice-free access paths among others

Bus and tram stops, as well as hotels and commercial buildings. In particular, the ice-free mats should be robust and well sealed against ingress of water. The invention can be found in the independent claim. Embodiments and developments can be found in the dependent claims.

In particular, a foil heating resistor is provided between two marginal flat conductor ribbons, e.g. in the form of

Copper strips of copper foil provided to form a heating unit with these over

 Power connection lines with an electrical connector, in particular a connector is connected. This heating unit, together with the connector or the cable of the connector, is between an electrical

insulating base plate and an electrically insulating cover plate waterproof enclosed by gluing.

As a base plate and cover plate rubber regenerated mats may be used, which preferably consist of polyurethane ^¬ bound rubber regenerate, in particular with a high proportion of rubber particles from recycled scrap tires, as it is used for rail chamber filling elements, for example described in DE 10 2012 017 695.3.

As an electrically insulating cover plate but can also be used a vulcanized rubber mat, due to the good thermal insulation of

 Gummiregeneratplatten the base plate of rubber regenerate is conveniently maintained. The cover plate made of vulcanized rubber has opposite one

 Rubber regenerator plate a greater strength and density and thus a higher thermal conductivity, which the

Melting at the top of the ice-free mat

favored. The derivation of heating power in the

Underground, however, is from the rubber regenerator plate as Base plate better obstructed. Thus, for purposes of desired heat dissipation, the cover plate is made thin and heat conductive relative to the base plate, while the base plate is made thicker and more heat-retardant.

The base plate is the normal ground to the

Application points on and the cover plate forms there the new soil, which at minus temperatures at the

Application point is heated, for example, with 24V or 48V DC via a solar system or as

Low voltage voltage via transformers from the public grid. In this way you should be able to get access to the buses or trams or to the hotels or

Business premises or other application sites ice-free.

Brief description of the figures

 Two embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the drawing. Showing:

Fig. 1 is a horizontal longitudinal section through a first

 Embodiment of an ice-free mat,

2 is a perspective view of the ice-free mat, partially cut,

Fig. 3 is an enlarged enlarged detail of

 Ice mat,

Fig. 4 is a feedthrough recess or

Connector recess in an ice-free mat, and Fig. 5 is a horizontal partial longitudinal section through a second embodiment of the ice-free mat. Detailed description

 The main parts of the ice-free mat are an electrically insulating base plate 1, an electrically insulating cover plate 2, a first edge tape 4,

 Edge line 4 a first power supply line 5, a second power supply line 6, a foil heating resistor 7 and a connector 8. The base plate 1 is formed by a first, lower rubber regenerating mat and the cover plate 2 by a second, upper rubber regenerating mat. The first edge conductor strip 3 is a first copper strip, the second edge line strip 4 is a second copper strip. The power connection lines 5, 6 are in a cable 9, which extends without interruption between the connection points to the edge conductor bands 3,4 and the connector 8, which at elevated point on the (not

shown) power supply is mounted. You can see the film heating resistor 7 together with the

 Edge band 3, 4 as a heating unit 10. This heating unit extends between the base plate 1 and the cover plate 2, for example in a flat

Recess so that slightly raised electrically insulating edge strips 11 and 12 are formed on one of the enclosing plates 1 and / or 2. Near a corner of the frost-free mat, the edge strip 12 has a

 Feedthrough recess 13 for the cable 9.

The Gummiregeneratplatten represent a polyurethane-bound rubber granules ^¬ plate and have a

resistivity> 5MQ / m, a thermal conductivity in the range between 0.12 and 0.16 W / m ° K, preferred

~ 0.14W / m ° K, and a Shore hardness in the range between 55A and 65A, preferably ~ 60 Shore A. As a base plate can a thickness ranging between 5 and 20mm, and as

Cover plate can be chosen a thickness ranging between 2 and 10mm. In the intermediate region of base plate 1 and cover plate 2 of the cable sheath is removed, so that the

 Power connection lines 5, 6 are virtually exposed. The power connection lines 5, 6 are designed as copper strips or wires with PET lamination, whose

Thickness measurement is such that through the lamination, the production of a respective solder joint to the associated edge line bands 3 and 4 is possible. The lamination also favors the solder connection of the power connection lines 5, 6 with the connector pins of the connector 8.

To seal the heating unit 10 watertight, the base plate 1 and the cover plate 2 are glued together. For this purpose, an adhesive layer 15 is applied, specifically a reactive PU adhesive in hot-melt quality, by a calender on top of the base plate 1 or on the underside of the cover plate 2 with about 0.5 mm

Layer thickness is rolled. It is also possible to use another type of adhesive that will increase the conductivity of the material

Foil heating resistor 7 does not bother. It is also possible to choose a thickness of the adhesive layer which is greater than the thickness of the heating element 10, if no flat recess for receiving the heating unit 10 is provided. Thicknesses of the adhesive layer between 0.5 mm and 3 mm are considered. When the base plate and the cover plate are glued together, at the same time, the watertight sealing of the cable gland takes place. Fig. 3 shows a modified detail of the ice-free mat. The feed-through recess 13 is replaced by a plug recess 23 which partially in the lower base plate 1 and partially in the upper

Cover plate 2 extends. There are thus formed electrically insulating edge strips 12 and 22, which the

 Limit Streckeraussparung 23 laterally. The

Power connection lines 5 and 6 are through the

Adhesive layer 15 between the two electrically

insulating mats in the plug recess 23rd

led in and at the free ends of their PET

Lamination stripped to act as a stretching pins 5a, 6a, which effectively form a connector 18. Alternatively, a connector with plug contacts can be used, to which the ends of the

Power connection cables 5.6 are soldered. Such a connector is glued waterproof in the connector recess 23, leaving the connector access.

The plug pins 5a, 6a are provided for contacting with a female connector (not shown) having a female connector head fitting for engagement with the male recess 23. If desired or required, the gaps between the

Jack connector head and the plug recess 23 are filled with a sealing material, wherein a waterproof current feedthrough is formed. It is possible to reverse the arrangement between male pins on the mat-side connector half and sockets on the cable-side connector half, ie you can also arrange the connector half with the sockets in the connector recess and the

 Install the connector half with the connector pins on the cable. The expression "plug contact" encompasses both training options as a pin or as a socket .. Fig. 4 shows a feedthrough recess 13 as a variant of the plug recess 23, which is a section of the

Cover plate 2 represents. The ends 5a, 6a of

Power connection lines 5, 6 extend into the recess 23 and are blank to work together with a mating connector, not shown, with a head

Contains contact strip at its bottom and the

 Recess 23 fills to gaps, which are filled waterproof with an adhesive. During assembly, the contact strips of the mating connector on the bare ends 5a, 6a of the power supply lines 5, 6 are kept pressed until the adhesive has set. It is a water-tight electrical feedthrough for the cable 9 accomplished.

It is expedient to make the lower Regeneratmatte base plate 1 thicker than the cover plate 2. While a thickness in the range between 5 and 20 mm is selected for the lower regenerated mat 1, the thickness of the cover plate 2 is selected in the range between 2 and 10 mm. In this way, the heat dissipation through the foil heating resistor is better up than down.

As a foil heating resistor 7 is a carbon fiber plate, in particular a carbon fiber perforated plate laminated with PET fabric, preferably. This material is permanent and pretty tough. Previous carbon fiber perforated plates are under the brand name hicoTHERM® by Frenzelit Werke GmbH, and Bad Be neck (www.hicothe.com) e holds 1 me. Fig. 5 shows a second embodiment of the ice-free mat. The insulating base plate 1 is made of rubber granulate, which originates from the recycling cycle, bound by polyurethane, which is a mat of preferably 8mm thickness of

Shore hardness makes about 60A. The rubber granulate mat is electrically insulating and has a specific resistance> 5MQ / m. The thermal conductivity is ~ 0.14V / m ° K, so it can be considered as reasonably thermally insulating. The cover plate 2 is made of vulcanized rubber with the material designation NR / SBR and forms a mat of preferably 3mm thickness and the Shore hardness of about 65A. The vulcanized rubber mat as a cover plate 2 can in

Thickness range between 2 and 6mm and is certainly somewhat thinner than the rubber granulate mat as

Base plate 1. The material of vulcanized rubber is electrically insulating and extremely robust. The surface of the mat is finely corrugated to counteract the risk of slipping when walking. The surface color is black or gray.

The cable 9 extends, however, from a narrow side of the base plate 1 through a serpentine wound channel 14 to about the middle of the ice-free mat, where the cable ends are stripped and to the respective power supply line 5

or 6 are connected. In this way, a strain relief for the junction of the cable ends to the power supply lines 5, 6 is created. Of the

Cable sheath is, as usual, made of durable rubber. In the course of the power connection line 5 is a

Breaker switch 17 is provided which responds when a permissible heating temperature is exceeded, interrupts the supplied current and thus acts as a temperature limiter.

Vulcanized rubber is very resistant to abrasion and therefore ideal for rough outdoor use. The thickness of the cover plate can be chosen because of their robustness relatively thin compared to the base plate, namely 3mm compared to 6 to 15mm of the base plate in the embodiment of Fig. 5, which produces resilient compliance when entering and weak heat conduction into the ground, compared with the Nutzwärmeleitung the ice-free mat for purposes of melting away ice and snow.

Possible dimensions of the heating unit 10 are 1800 mm in length and 600 mm in width. The enclosing base and cover mats 1, 2 then have a length of 2000 mm with a width of 700 mm. It is understood that other dimensions can be selected depending on the circumstances. This also applies to the thickness specifications of the mats. Preferred dimensions of the ice-free mat are: length 2000mm, width 700mm, thickness 11mm, weight ~ 15kg. The ice-free mat preferably has the shape of a web. To cover the entire floor space of the station or the access route, several passes of the ice-free mat are usually used. These can have one

regulated power supply with low voltage voltage of 24 V or up to 48V are operated. The controller switches the heating current on or off depending on the temperature sensors. As an option, the ice-free mat can be equipped with mounting holes to ensure a particularly secure position and to protect against theft.

Claims

claims Ice-free floor mat for bus and tram stops and access routes comprising: an electrically insulating base plate (1),  an electrically insulating cover plate (2),  a first and second edge line band (3,  4),  a first and a second power connection line (5, 6) which are connected to a respective edge line strip (3, 4)  are connected,  a film heating resistor (7) extending between and electrically connected to the first and second peripheral conductor strips (3, 4), and  an electrical power supply connected to the first and second power supply lines (5, 6),  - Wherein the film heating resistor (7) together with the first and second marginal tape (3, 4) a  Heating unit (10) fitted between base plate (1) and cover plate (2) and electrically connected to the first and second power connection lines (5, 6),  - Wherein the base plate (1) and / or the cover plate (2) has a recess (13, 14, 23) with recording and  Carrying out the electrical power supply to the heating unit (10), and - Wherein the base plate (1) and the cover plate (2), including the heating unit (10) according to an adhesive layer (15) are glued together. The ice-free mat according to claim 1, wherein the power supply comprises an electrical connector (8) and a cable (9) connected to a cable section together with its power supply lines (5, 6) through the  Recess (13, 14, 23) between the base plate (1) and cover plate (2) is performed. Ice-free mat according to claim 2,  wherein a winding part of the recess (14) for  Recording of the performed cable section  is formed and effective as a strain relief device. 4. Ice-free mat according to claim 1, wherein the power supply has an electrical connector (18) in the between base plate (1) and cover plate (2).  provided recess (23) is arranged and forms the implementation of the electrical power supply. Ice-free mat according to claim 4, wherein the ends of the power connection lines (5, 6) as plug contacts (5a, 6a) of the connector (18) are formed or with the plug contacts of the connector (18).  are electrically connected. An ice-free mat according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the  Connector recess (23) for receiving a  Connector head in watertight potting  is trained. Ice-free mat according to one of claims 4 to 6,  wherein the electrical connector (18) in the Recess (23) of the base plate (1) and / or cover plate (2) leaving the access to the  Plug contacts (5a, 6a) of the electrical  Connector (18) is sealed waterproof. 8. Ice-free mat according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the recess (13, 23) through the head of a  Counter plug is sealingly filled, which is provided on its underside with contact strips which rest with pressure on the ends of the power supply lines (5, 6). 9. Ice-free mat according to one of claims 1 to 8,  wherein the edge line tapes (3, 4) as  Continue power supply lines (5, 6) and close  Insulation purposes are laminated with PET of such Thickbemessung that through the lamination, the production of solder joints is possible. 10. Ice-free mat according to one of claims 1 to 9,  wherein the film heating resistor (7) consists of a  Carbon fiber perforated mat laminated with PET fabric. 11. Ice-free mat according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the electrically insulating base plate (1) contains a Gummiregeneratmatte, which is a polyurethane-bonded rubber granules ^¬ mat. 12. Ice-free mat according to claim 11,  wherein the base plate (1) has a thickness in the range  between 5 and 20mm, a specific resistance > 5 Ω / m, has a thermal conductivity in the range between 0.12 and 0.16 W / m ° K and a Shore hardness in the range between 55A and 65A. Ice-free mat according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the electrically insulating cover plate (2) as a vulcanized rubber mat with a Shore hardness in Range is formed between 60A and 70A. Ice-free mat according to claim 13, wherein the vulcanized rubber mat has a thickness in the Range between 2 and 6mm and at the Top is finely ribbed. An ice-free mat according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the adhesive layer (15) is made of a reactive hot-melt PV adhesive and has a thickness in the range between 0.5 and 3mm. Ice-free mat for the floor of bus stops and trams and access routes, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 15, comprising:  a first and second rubber regenerating mat (1, 2), a first and second flat conductor strip (3, 4),  a first and second power connection line (5, 6) which are connected to a respective flat conductor strip (3, 4) are connected,  - A film heating resistor (7) extending between the first and second flat conductor strip (3, 4) and is electrically connected to these, and - an electrical power supply, which is connected to the first and second power supply line (5, 6) .  - Wherein the film heating resistor (7) together with the first and second flat conductor strip (3, 4) a Heating unit (10) forms between the first and second regenerative mat (1, 2) is fitted and electrically connected to the first and second power connection lines (5, 6), wherein the first and / or the second  Rubber regenerating mat (1, 2) has a recess (13, 23) with recording and implementation of the electrical Power supply to the heating unit (10), and wherein the two rubber regenerating mats (1, 2) are glued together with the inclusion of the heating unit (10).