WO2015064522A1 - 特定有害物質の不溶化材及びこれを用いた特定有害物質の不溶化方法 - Google Patents
特定有害物質の不溶化材及びこれを用いた特定有害物質の不溶化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015064522A1 WO2015064522A1 PCT/JP2014/078454 JP2014078454W WO2015064522A1 WO 2015064522 A1 WO2015064522 A1 WO 2015064522A1 JP 2014078454 W JP2014078454 W JP 2014078454W WO 2015064522 A1 WO2015064522 A1 WO 2015064522A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/08—Aluminium compounds, e.g. aluminium hydroxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
- B09B3/25—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using mineral binders or matrix
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/02—Extraction using liquids, e.g. washing, leaching, flotation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/06—Calcium compounds, e.g. lime
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an insolubilizing material for specific harmful substances (also referred to as “heavy metal”, which will be described later in detail), and more specifically, a state that does not consistently become a strongly basic region of pH 11 or higher (hereinafter, “neutral region”). Or it may be called “Neutral Zone to Weakly Basic Zone”) and can be used to insolubilize heavy metals contained in soil, etc., and specific hazardous substances using this Relates to the insolubilization method.
- neutral region strongly basic region of pH 11 or higher
- neutral Zone to Weakly Basic Zone can be used to insolubilize heavy metals contained in soil, etc., and specific hazardous substances using this Relates to the insolubilization method.
- the residual soil used for landfill is desired to be neutral (specifically, pH is 5.0 to 9.0) in consideration of the environment, but a base such as mortar is mixed. Strong soils are often discharged and are often basic.
- “heavy metal, etc.” refers to “heavy metal, etc., which is a specified hazardous substance” (Type 2 specified hazardous substance) defined in Article 2 of the Soil Contamination Countermeasures Law enacted in 2003, Specifically: ⁇ Cadmium and its compounds ⁇ Hexavalent chromium compounds ⁇ Cyanide compounds ⁇ Mercury and its compounds (including alkyl mercury) ⁇ Selenium and its compounds ⁇ Lead and its compounds ⁇ Arsenic and its compounds ⁇ Fluorine and its compounds ⁇ Boron and its compounds
- the present applicant has also made it possible to neutralize the treated material by adding it to sludge such as sludge generated in wastewater treatment or mud such as construction residual soil.
- sludge such as sludge generated in wastewater treatment or mud such as construction residual soil.
- Proposals have been made on insolubilizing solidifying agents such as gypsum-based heavy metals that can solidify and harden the mud soil at the same time as it is insolubilized, and have excellent handling properties (see Patent Document 3).
- an insolubilized solidifying material such as heavy metal is proposed in which calcined gypsum contains an aluminum compound selected from aluminum hydroxide and the like and a neutralizing agent containing a calcium or magnesium component.
- JP 2007-330884 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-140699 JP 2010-207659 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-043698
- an object of the present invention is to provide an insolubilizing material for high-performance specific hazardous substances (such as heavy metals) that can solve the above-described problems of the prior art. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a harmful substance (heavy metal, etc.) made of an economical material using inexpensive raw materials that are easily available in an insolubilization process performed by adding and kneading to soil or an insolubilization process performed by spraying on the soil surface ) Insolubilizing material.
- the present invention is an insolubilizing material for specific harmful substances that enables processing in a state where the soil does not consistently have a strong basic region of pH 11 or higher, and is not strongly basic and not amorphous.
- a specific harmful substance comprising a water-soluble aluminum compound and one or two or more combination components selected from the group consisting of calcium compounds, magnesium compounds and phosphate compounds that are not strongly basic Provide insolubilizing material.
- the aluminum compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride, aluminum nitrate, aluminum lactate, aluminum tartrate, aluminum salicylate, aluminum sulfate and hydrates thereof;
- the calcium compound is calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, calcined calcium oxide, calcium peroxide, calcium fluoride, calcium iodide, calcium phosphate, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, calcium acetate, calcium citrate, calcium gluconate, calcium malate And at least one selected from the group consisting of calcium lactate;
- the phosphate compound is selected from the group consisting of trisodium phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphat
- the magnesium compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium sulfate, magnesium phosphate, hard-burned magnesium oxide, and magnesium acetate;
- the specific harmful substance is cadmium and its compound, hexavalent chromium compound, cyanide compound, mercury and its compound (including alkyl mercury), selenium and its compound, lead and its compound, arsenic and its compound, fluorine and its compound, And at least one selected from the group consisting of boron and its compounds.
- the present invention provides, as another embodiment, a water-soluble aluminum compound that is not strongly basic and non-amorphous, and a calcium compound and magnesium compound that are not strongly basic with respect to soil that requires insolubilization of specific harmful substances. And one or two or more concomitant components selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid compounds in a state of being mixed in advance, or in a state where the aluminum compound and the concomitant components are separated, and added to the soil or sprayed.
- a method for insolubilizing a specific hazardous substance characterized in that the state of the treatment area is always maintained in a state where the pH does not become a strong basic area of 11 or more, and the treatment is performed to insolubilize the specific hazardous substance. To do.
- the present invention provides a water-soluble aluminum compound that is not strongly basic and non-amorphous to a soil that requires insolubilization of a specific harmful substance, and a calcium compound, magnesium that is not strongly basic.
- a state in which one or two or more combination components selected from the group consisting of a compound and a phosphate compound are mixed in advance, or in a state where the aluminum compound and the combination component are separated they are added and kneaded to the soil, or By spraying, the state of the treatment area is always maintained so that it does not become a strongly basic area of pH 11 or more, and the treated soil is treated so that the pH of the soil becomes 5.0 to 9.0.
- providing a method for insolubilizing a specified hazardous substance characterized by insolubilizing the specified hazardous substance.
- the aluminum compound is added within a range of 75 to 215 mol; the specific harmful substance to be insolubilized is caused by the soil or caused by a component of the insolubilized material. ;
- harmful substances mainly composed of economical materials using inexpensive raw materials that are easily available And the like
- harmful substances mainly composed of economical materials using inexpensive raw materials that are easily available And the like
- heavy metals and the like that affect the health contained in the soil and in the vicinity of the soil surface are consistently treated in the neutral to weakly basic regions and effectively insolubilized and fixed.
- Specific hazardous substances with high practical value that can be made into environmentally-friendly neutral substances that can be reused reliably, including the use of solidifying materials in combination with the Heavy metal etc.) insolubilizing material is provided.
- the present inventors have found that even when using a non-amorphous aluminum compound that is easily available, a specific configuration can be used in a state where a strong basic region of pH 11 or higher is not obtained. It has been found that heavy metals can be insolubilized by treatment. According to the study by the present inventors, by using a non-amorphous aluminum compound that is not strongly basic, it is possible to more reliably and consistently perform treatment in a state where the pH is not higher than 11 or more. become.
- calcined gypsum can be used as a solidifying material, if necessary, separately from the calcium component as a combination component essential in the present invention. By doing so, the treated product is solidified while maintaining a neutral state, and thus the treated product with improved handling in consideration of the environment is obtained. Details of this point will be described later.
- It contains a water-soluble aluminum compound that is not strongly basic and non-amorphous, and one or two or more combination components selected from the group consisting of calcium compounds, magnesium compounds, and phosphate compounds that are not strongly basic.
- the present inventors coexist in water with a water-soluble aluminum compound that is not strongly basic and non-amorphous and a calcium compound, magnesium compound, or phosphate compound that is not strongly basic, an aluminum compound, These coexisting components react to produce and precipitate water-insoluble aluminum compounds. At this time, if heavy metals are dissolved and present in water, these heavy metals also precipitate and precipitate. It was confirmed. From these facts, the present inventors added a water-soluble aluminum compound that is not strongly basic and amorphous, which characterizes the present invention, to a soil such as mud and kneaded or sprayed the aluminum compound into the soil.
- a non-strongly basic compound dissolved in water contained in the present invention which is combined with the compound, reacts with a calcium compound, magnesium compound or phosphate compound to produce an insoluble aluminum compound. It is considered that some kind of action acts on the contained heavy metals, and the heavy metals can be stably insolubilized by mineralizing with silica components derived from soil.
- the insolubilizing material of the present invention unlike the conventionally known technology for insolubilizing heavy metals and the like in the soil by generating ettringite by treatment in a strongly basic region of pH 11 or higher, An extremely great advantage is obtained in that heavy metals and the like can be insolubilized without making them strongly basic.
- the present invention unlike the prior art, there is no need to make the treatment state a strong basic region having a pH of 11 or more, and soil can be treated consistently in the neutral region.
- the insolubilized materials of the present invention particularly when a material comprising a water-soluble aluminum compound, a calcium compound and a phosphoric acid compound is used, it becomes more prominent. An effect is obtained. Furthermore, in the present invention, when the soil to be treated is mud with a high water content, in addition to the above, it is preferable that gypsum including calcined gypsum is used in combination as a solidifying material.
- any aluminum compound that is not strongly basic and not water-soluble and water-soluble can be used.
- the present invention reacts the water-soluble aluminum compound described above with a calcium compound, magnesium compound or phosphoric acid compound that is not strongly basic to produce an aluminum compound that is insoluble in water, thereby generating heavy metals and the like. Since it is insolubilized, at least the aluminum compound is required to be soluble in water. Examples of such aluminum compounds include aluminum chloride, aluminum nitrate, aluminum lactate, aluminum tartrate, aluminum salicylate, and aluminum sulfate. As these aluminum compounds, both hydrates and anhydrides can be used.
- the calcium compound as a combination component constituting the present invention may be any calcium compound that is not strongly basic, and any of them can be used. Specifically, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, hard-burned calcium oxide, calcium peroxide, calcium fluoride, calcium iodide, calcium phosphate, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, calcium acetate, calcium citrate, calcium gluconate, apple Examples include calcium acid and calcium lactate. In the present invention, it is particularly preferable to use calcium compounds such as calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate.
- calcium oxide is strongly basic and may not be applicable to the present invention because the soil may become strongly basic during treatment. However, hard-burned calcium oxide has poor activity and the soil becomes strongly basic. Since it does not become, it can be used.
- calcium sulfate (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “gypsum”) as a combination component is a neutral substance, as described below, and its pH may fluctuate even when used in large amounts. Since the treatment system can be maintained in a neutral range, it is useful as a combination component specified in the present invention. Furthermore, when calcined gypsum is used as gypsum, in addition to being able to achieve insolubilization of heavy metals, solidification performance can be imparted by its hydration reaction, so soil that requires insolubilization of specific hazardous substances is mud. In some cases, another advantage of improving the handleability of the processed product is obtained.
- the amount of the calcium sulfate used can be handled differently from other combined components constituting the insolubilized material, and there is also an advantage in this respect. That is, when gypsum is used as a solidifying material for soil with a high water content such as mud, the amount of calcium sulfate to the soil is used in a large amount exceeding the range that is considered suitable for the combined components described later. In this case as well, as described above, the pH of the treatment system does not fluctuate due to the addition of calcium sulfate, so that no problem occurs.
- gypsum has the function of adsorbing fluorine and facilitating fixation, so that it is desired to use gypsum from the viewpoint of insolubilization of specific harmful substances.
- gypsum it is also a preferred embodiment to use gypsum as a solidifying material for soil such as mud when other combined components specified in the present invention are used. Below, the gypsum used by this invention is demonstrated.
- gypsum is used as a combination component specified in the present invention, when the soil that requires insolubilization of specific harmful substances is mud, etc., the handling property of the obtained processed product is improved. It can also be used as a solidifying material. In particular, when gypsum is used for the purpose of utilizing the solidification function of gypsum, it is preferable to use calcined gypsum that is excellent in soil solidification performance at least in part.
- the calcined gypsum is calcium sulfate hemihydrate [CaSO 4 ⁇ 1 / 2H 2 O] and anhydrous [CaSO 4 ], and the use of calcined gypsum is a specific purpose of the present invention. Simultaneously with the achievement of insolubilization of harmful substances, the solidification performance can be used effectively. In other words, calcined gypsum chemically reacts with moisture in the soil and easily changes to dihydrate gypsum by hydration reaction, so that the soil treated with this solidifies and has strength, improving the handleability of the soil Can be made.
- calcined gypsum examples include ⁇ -type hemihydrate gypsum, ⁇ -type hemihydrate gypsum, type III anhydrous gypsum, and mixtures thereof, and any of them can be used.
- Type II anhydrous gypsum can be used although its hydration rate is slower than other calcined gypsum.
- the raw gypsum for calcined gypsum may be any of natural products, by-product gypsum or waste gypsum. Among these, natural products and by-product gypsum are preferable because they are inexpensive materials, but it is more preferable to use waste gypsum as a raw material in consideration of higher economy and effective utilization of resources.
- the magnesium compound that is a combination component constituting the present invention may be any magnesium compound that is not strongly basic, and any of them can be used. Specific examples include magnesium compounds such as magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium sulfate, hard-burned magnesium oxide, magnesium acetate, and magnesium phosphate.
- magnesium oxide is strongly basic and may not be applicable to the present invention because the soil may become strongly basic during the treatment, but hard-burned magnesium oxide has poor activity and the soil becomes strongly basic. Since it does not become, it can be used.
- the phosphoric acid compound which is a combined component constituting the present invention, may be any phosphorus compound that is not strongly basic, and any of them can be used.
- phosphate compounds such as trisodium phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, calcium phosphate and magnesium phosphate Can be mentioned.
- amorphous aluminum is effective as a component of an insolubilizing material such as heavy metal in soil prior to the present invention.
- amorphous aluminum compounds are superior in adsorption capacity for heavy metals, etc. compared to non-amorphous (crystalline) materials, and amorphous aluminum compounds are added to the soil or soil surface.
- the heavy metal contained in the soil, the soil surface, or the insolubilized material itself is easily adsorbed, and in the process of changing the amorphous aluminum compound to crystalline in the soil, the adsorbed heavy metal, etc.
- the silica component and the calcium component contained in the soil are incorporated into minerals, and as a result, it is achieved that the heavy metals and the like are stably insolubilized.
- the present inventors have conducted further studies, and as a result, by utilizing a water-soluble aluminum compound that is easily obtained and is not strongly basic and non-amorphous, heavy metals contained in soil can be obtained.
- the present inventors have found a structure that can be insolubilized in a good state and have reached the present invention. That is, the insolubilizing material of the present invention is more useful from the viewpoint of practical use because the material to be used is easily available.
- a water-soluble aluminum compound that is not strongly basic and not amorphous that is, a crystalline aluminum compound
- a component selected from the group consisting of magnesium compounds and phosphate compounds it is considered to form an insoluble aluminum compound.
- the water-soluble aluminum compound that is not strongly basic and amorphous which characterizes the present invention, is used together with any combination component of calcium compound, magnesium compound or phosphate compound that is not strongly basic,
- any combination component of calcium compound, magnesium compound or phosphate compound that is not strongly basic
- Certain hazardous substances contained in soil for example, heavy metals such as arsenic, selenium, cadmium, mercury, cyan, lead and hexavalent chromium, and inorganic substances such as fluorine and boron are insolubilized and stabilized in the treated material. It is thought that it became possible to fix.
- the present inventors have a strong base having a pH of 11 or more.
- the aluminum compound specified in the present invention, the concomitant component thereof, and soil were mixed and cured without being in a property range, and the properties of the treated product after the curing were investigated.
- the remarkable effect of the present invention described above could be confirmed by conducting a dissolution test as described later. Details thereof will be described later.
- the insolubilizing material for specific harmful substances of the present invention can be effectively used by adding and kneading to the soil.
- the above-described remarkable effects of the present invention can be obtained even by spraying near the surface of the soil. By doing so, a simpler process becomes possible.
- the specific hazardous substance insolubilizing material of the present invention contains an aluminum compound that is not strongly basic and non-amorphous, and a combination component that is not strongly basic, and is any one of calcium compounds, magnesium compounds, and phosphate compounds.
- the optimum range of the amount of the concomitant component varies depending on the type, but according to the study by the present inventors, the following range is preferable. Those containing the combined component in the range of 0.215 to 7.000 mol, more preferably in the range of 0.334 to 4.500 mol, with respect to 1 mol of the aluminum compound are preferable. The reason is as follows.
- the component to be used in combination is within the range of about 0.429 to 2.334 times the theoretical value with respect to 1 mol of the aluminum compound, and more preferably the component to be used in combination is 0.667 to the theoretical value. It shows that if it is used within a range of about ⁇ 1.500 times, it becomes an insolubilizing material capable of obtaining the effects of the present invention.
- an insolubilizing material is constituted using an aluminum compound and a calcium compound, a magnesium compound, or a phosphoric acid compound as defined in the present invention
- 0.5 mol (for example, in the case of a combination of aluminum chloride and calcium phosphate) to 3.0 (for example, in the case of a combination of aluminum sulfate and calcium carbonate) of calcium compound, magnesium compound or phosphate compound is mixed.
- 0.429 to 2.334 times the theoretical value that is, a range of 0.215 to 7.000 mol.
- the effect of the present invention can be obtained more stably if it is configured to be included within the range of 0.667 to 1.500 times the theoretical value, that is, 0.334 to 4.500 mol. I understood.
- an appropriate amount of water may be added to the soil as necessary in order to facilitate the mixing operation.
- an aluminum compound is an amphoteric compound and is easily soluble in acids and bases. Therefore, in order to more easily generate and precipitate an insoluble aluminum compound when treated, the pH of the treated soil (treated product) is 5. It is preferable to configure so as to be in the range of 0 to 9.0. In addition to the above, it is more preferable that the treated soil has a pH in the range of 5.6 to 8.6, considering that the treated product will be used for landfill and the like thereafter. .
- the insolubilizing material of the present invention is preferable in the treated product without any special pH adjustment thereafter, since any component is not strongly basic, including the case where gypsum is used as a solidifying material as required. A pH value in the range can be achieved.
- No. 46 Test (2) Ministry of the Environment Notification No. 46 Dissolution Test Method (hereinafter also referred to as “No. 46 Test”)
- the target soil is dried, passed through a 2 mm sieve after drying, and water whose pH is adjusted to 5.6 to 6.3 is used as a solvent.
- the metal in the sample was analyzed by a method based on each metal analysis method standardized by JIS.
- pH test The measurement was performed according to the following procedure in accordance with “pH test method for soil suspension JGS0211”. Place the sample in a beaker and add water so that the weight ratio of water (including water in the sample) to the dry weight of the sample is 5. A sample is suspended with a stirring rod and allowed to stand for 30 minutes or more and 3 hours or less as a sample solution for measurement. The sample solution in the beaker is stirred and then measured with a glass electrode pH meter.
- the compound used in combination with the aluminum compound is calcium carbonate, hard-burned calcium oxide or calcium sulfate as the calcium compound (Ca-based compound), and hard-burned magnesium oxide or magnesium sulfate as the magnesium compound (Mg-based compound).
- the phosphoric acid compound either trisodium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate or tripotassium phosphate was used. The amount of each compound can be adjusted as appropriate in accordance with its properties and molecular weight.
- Comparative Example 1-1 shows the results when the same treatment was performed without adding any compound
- Comparative Example 1-2 shows the results of Example No. Results obtained when the same treatment was performed by adding only the same aluminum sulfate compound as used in 1-1 to 1-6 were shown.
- Examples 2-1 to 2 in which the molar ratio of trisodium phosphate was changed from 0.857 mol to 4.667 mol with respect to 1 mol of aluminum sulfate 18 hydrate. Each of the treatments was performed using 5 types of insolubilizing materials of -5.
- the processed product obtained after the treatment was subjected to the Ministry of the Environment Notification No. 46 elution test described above in the same manner as in the evaluation test 1, and the pH of the adjusted measurement sample was measured by the glass electrode method in the sample.
- the fluorine concentration of each was measured by the ion electrode method. More specifically, the molar ratio of aluminum to phosphoric acid is adjusted to be as shown in Table 2 below, and the total amount of aluminum sulfate 18 hydrate and trisodium phosphate is simulated contamination. Evaluation test 2 was performed so that the concentration was 10% by mass with respect to soil. Moreover, the pH of the soil when the dissolution test after the treatment was performed by the method described above was also measured.
- Table 2 shows the test conditions and the results obtained as Examples 2-1 to 2-5 and Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-3, respectively.
- the fluorine elution amount was clearly reduced as compared with the case of the treatment of the comparative example.
- the pH of the soil after a process was all in the vicinity of 7, and was stable.
- the insolubilizing material used in the test was added to the soil, the total amount of the aluminum compound, calcium compound, magnesium compound, and phosphoric acid compound was 1% by mass with respect to the target soil. And the quantity of calcium, magnesium, or phosphoric acid with respect to aluminum which comprises an insolubilizing material was adjusted so that it might become 1: 1 by molar ratio. In addition, about the Example, it confirmed that lead was contained in the fixed material by performing the extraction test with a strong acid using fixed materials, such as produced
- the treated product at each stage of the first day, the seventh day, the tenth day, and the 30th day is collected as a sample, and an elution test is performed using these samples. The amount of fluorine in it was measured. The results are shown in Table 4 and FIG.
- the insolubilized material of the present invention clearly has the effect of insolubilization with respect to fluorine contained in the soil, and the effect is that the insolubilization proceeds afterwards in the initial stage. Was confirmed.
- Fluorine elution amount is less than 0.8 mg / L (environmental standard value) O: 0.8 mg / L or more and less than 1.6 mg / L (double of environmental standard value) ⁇ : 1.6 mg / L or more and 3.0 mg / L Less than L ⁇ : 3.0 mg / L or more
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Abstract
Description
・カドミウム及びその化合物
・六価クロム化合物
・シアン化合物
・水銀及びその化合物(アルキル水銀を含む)
・セレン及びその化合物
・鉛及びその化合物
・砒素及びその化合物
・フッ素及びその化合物
・ほう素及びその化合物
前記アルミニウム化合物1molに対して、前記併用成分を0.215~7.000molの範囲で含むこと;
前記アルミニウム化合物と、前記併用成分として強塩基性でない、カルシウム化合物及びリン酸化合物とをいずれも含有すること;
前記アルミニウム化合物が、塩化アルミニウム、硝酸アルミニウム、乳酸アルミニウム、酒石酸アルミニウム、サリチル酸アルミニウム、硫酸アルミニウム及びそれらの水和物からなる群から選択される少なくともいずれかであること;
前記カルシウム化合物が、炭酸カルシウム、硫酸カルシウム、硬焼酸化カルシウム、過酸化カルシウム、フッ化カルシウム、ヨウ化カルシウム、リン酸カルシウム、塩化カルシウム、硝酸カルシウム、酢酸カルシウム、クエン酸カルシウム、グルコン酸カルシウム、リンゴ酸カルシウム及び乳酸カルシウムからなる群から選択される少なくともいずれかであること;
前記リン酸化合物が、リン酸三ナトリウム、リン酸水素ナトリウム、リン酸二水素ナトリウム、リン酸三カリウム、リン酸水素カリウム、リン酸水素二カリウム、リン酸カルシウム及びリン酸マグネシウムからなる群から選択される少なくともいずれかであること;
前記マグネシウム化合物が、炭酸マグネシウム、水酸化マグネシウム、硫酸マグネシウム、リン酸マグネシウム、硬焼酸化マグネシウム及び酢酸マグネシウムからなる群から選択される少なくともいずれかであること;
前記特定有害物質が、カドミウム及びその化合物、六価クロム化合物、シアン化合物、水銀及びその化合物(アルキル水銀を含む)、セレン及びその化合物、鉛及びその化合物、砒素及びその化合物、フッ素及びその化合物、及び、ほう素及びその化合物からなる群から選択される少なくともいずれかであること;が挙げられる。
前記土壌1m3に対して前記アルミニウム化合物を25~300molの範囲内で添加すること;前記土壌1m3に対して前記アルミニウム化合物を50~250molの範囲内で添加すること;前記土壌1m3に対して前記アルミニウム化合物を75~215molの範囲内で添加すること;前記不溶化される特定有害物質が、前記土壌に起因するものであるか、或いは、前記不溶化材の構成成分に起因するものであること;が挙げられる。
<アルミニウム化合物>
本発明では、強塩基性でなく且つ非晶質でない水溶性であるアルミニウム化合物であれば、いずれも利用可能である。前述した通り、本発明は、上記した水溶性のアルミニウム化合物と、強塩基性でない、カルシウム化合物、マグネシウム化合物或いはリン酸化合物とを反応させ、水に不溶なアルミニウム化合物を生成することで重金属等を不溶化しているので、少なくとも、アルミニウム化合物は水に可溶であることが必要とされる。このようなアルミニウム化合物としては、例えば、塩化アルミニウム、硝酸アルミニウム、乳酸アルミニウム、酒石酸アルミニウム、サリチル酸アルミニウム及び硫酸アルミニウム等が挙げられる。これらアルミニウム化合物は、水和物及び無水和物のいずれも使用可能である。
(カルシウム化合物)
本発明を構成する併用成分としてのカルシウム化合物には、強塩基性でないカルシウム化合物であればよく、いずれも利用できる。具体的には、例えば、炭酸カルシウム、硫酸カルシウム、硬焼酸化カルシウム、過酸化カルシウム、フッ化カルシウム、ヨウ化カルシウム、リン酸カルシウム、塩化カルシウム、硝酸カルシウム、酢酸カルシウム、クエン酸カルシウム、グルコン酸カルシウム、リンゴ酸カルシウム及び乳酸カルシウムが挙げられる。本発明においては、中でも、炭酸カルシウム、硫酸カルシウム等のカルシウム化合物を使用することが好ましい。ここで、酸化カルシウムは、塩基性が強く、処理の際に土壌が強塩基性となる恐れがあるので本発明に適用できないが、硬焼酸化カルシウムは、活性に乏しく、土壌が強塩基性にならないので使用可能である。
本発明を構成する併用成分であるマグネシウム化合物としては、強塩基性でないマグネシウム化合物であればよく、いずれも利用可能である。具体的なものとしては、例えば、炭酸マグネシウム、水酸化マグネシウム、硫酸マグネシウム、硬焼酸化マグネシウム、酢酸マグネシウム、リン酸マグネシウム等のマグネシウム化合物が挙げられる。ここで、酸化マグネシウムは、塩基性が強く、処理の際に土壌が強塩基性となる恐れがあるので本発明に適用できないが、硬焼酸化マグネシウムは、活性に乏しく、土壌が強塩基性にならないので使用可能である。
本発明を構成する併用成分であるリン酸化合物としては、強塩基性でないリン化合物であればよく、いずれも利用可能である。具体的には、例えば、リン酸三ナトリウム、リン酸水素ナトリウム、リン酸二水素ナトリウム、リン酸三カリウム、リン酸水素カリウム、リン酸水素二カリウム、リン酸カルシウム及びリン酸マグネシウム等のリン酸化合物が挙げられる。
この反応においては、理論上はアルミニウム化合物1molに対してリン酸化合物2mol配合することが最適と考えられる。しかし、本発明者らの検討によれば、後述するように、実際の土壌に硫酸アルミニウムとリン酸三ナトリウムとの組み合わせからなる不溶化材を適用した場合、アルミニウム化合物1molに対してリン酸化合物を、0.857(理論値の0.429倍)~4.667(理論値の2.334倍)mol、より好ましくは1.333(理論値の0.667倍)~3.000(理論値の1.500倍)molの範囲で含むことが好ましいことがわかった。このことは、アルミニウム化合物1molに対して、併用する成分を理論値に対して0.429~2.334倍程度の範囲内で、より好ましくは、併用する成分を理論値に対して0.667~1.500倍程度の範囲内で使用すれば、本発明の効果を得ることができる不溶化材となることを示している。
(1)含水比試験:「土の含水比試験方法JIS A1203」に準拠して、含水比w(%)は、次の式によって算出した。
w=(ma-mb)×100/(mb-mc)
ma:試料と容器の質量(g)
mb:炉乾燥試料と容器の質量(g)
mc:容器の質量(g)
対象となる土壌を乾燥し、乾燥後に2mmの篩を通過させ、更に、溶媒として、pHを5.6~6.3に調整した水を用い、篩を通過した乾燥土壌の10倍量の水を加えて試験用試料を調製する。これを6時間、200回/分、振り幅4~5cmで連続して振り混ぜる。その後、遠心分離、ろ過後、得られたろ液を測定用サンプルとした。JISで標準化されているそれぞれの金属分析の方法に準拠した方法で、該サンプル中の金属分析を行った。
「土懸濁液のpH試験方法 JGS0211」に準拠して下記の手順で測定した。
試料をビーカーに入れ、試料の乾燥質量に対する水(試料中の水を含む)の質量比が5になるように水を加える。試料を撹拌棒で懸濁させ、30分以上、3時間以内静置したものを測定用の試料液とする。ビーカー内の試料液を撹拌した後、ガラス電極pH計で測定する。
110℃±5℃の乾燥機で恒量となるまで乾燥させた土壌を用意した。そして、該土壌に、フッ素及び鉛をそれぞれ添加して、フッ素の溶出量が6.0mg/L、鉛の溶出量が100mg/100mLになるように、各模擬汚染土壌を調整した。
上記模擬汚染土壌1kgを含水比率が40%となるように調整し、調整した土壌に、アルミニウム化合物に、Ca系化合物、Mg系化合物、リン酸系化合物の各化合物を適宜に併用し、土壌に対して各化合物をそれぞれ一定量添加・混練し、処理を行い、得られた処理物について、使用した模擬汚染土壌に含まれる重金属等についての不溶化が行われたか否かの試験を行った。具体的には、アルミニウム化合物(Al系化合物)には、硫酸アルミニウム18水和物、塩化アルミニウム或いは硝酸アルミニウムのいずれかを用いた。また、アルミニウム化合物に併用する化合物には、カルシウム化合物(Ca系化合物)として、炭酸カルシウム、硬焼酸化カルシウム或いは硫酸カルシウムを用い、マグネシウム化合物(Mg系化合物)として、硬焼酸化マグネシウム或いは硫酸マグネシウムを用い、リン酸化合物(リン酸系化合物)としては、リン酸三ナトリウム、リン酸二水素ナトリウム或いはリン酸三カリウムのいずれかを使用した。各化合物は、その性状や分子量に合わせ、添加量を適宜調整することができる。
フッ素の溶出量が6.0mg/Lとなるように調整した模擬汚染土壌に対して、表1に示した化合物の組み合わせで、アルミニウム化合物は土壌に対して5質量%で、硬焼酸化カルシウム及び硬焼酸化マグネシウムは土壌に対して2質量%で、その他の化合物は土壌に対して5質量%でそれぞれ添加し、混合撹拌して処理を行った。そして、先に述べた方法で、得られた各処理物についての試験用試料を調整し、それぞれ測定用サンプル中のフッ素量の測定を行って不溶化が行われたか否かの評価を行った。そして、本発明の実施例となる処理を、表1中にNo.1-1~1-9として示した。比較のために、比較例1-1として、化合物を何ら添加することなく同様の処理を行った場合の結果を示し、また、比較例1-2として、実施例のNo.1-1~1-6で使用したと同様の硫酸アルミニウム化合物のみを添加して同様の処理を行った場合の結果を示した。
アルミニウム化合物と、該化合物との併用成分であるカルシウム化合物、マグネシウム化合物或いはリン酸化合物の適切なモル比について、その代表例として、アルミニウム化合物(硫酸アルミニウム18水和物)と、リン酸(リン酸三ナトリウム)との組み合わせを用いて検討を行った。具体的には、評価試験1で用いた、フッ素の溶出量が6.0mg/Lとなるように調整した模擬汚染土壌に対し、硫酸アルミニウム18水和物と、リン酸三ナトリウムを、表2に示した各配合(mol)で添加してそれぞれ処理した。具体的には、表2に示したように、硫酸アルミニウム18水和物1molに対して、リン酸三ナトリウムを0.857mol~4.667molでモル比を変化させた実施例2-1~2-5の5種類の不溶化材を使用して、それぞれ処理を行った。
なお、比較例2-2では、先に示した比較例1-2の場合と同様に、添加した硫酸アルミニウム18水和物の影響により、溶出試験サンプルのpHが4.01と酸性に傾いており、このことが原因して、フッ素の溶出量が増大したと考えられる。
先述した鉛の溶出量がそれぞれ100mg/100mLになるように調整した模擬土壌に対して、実施例及び比較例の不溶化材を所望量添加した後、十分に混練して不溶化処理をそれぞれ行った。そして、処理後、1日養生した後、得られた処理物について、先に述べた方法で溶出試験を行い、調整した測定用サンプル中の鉛濃度を測定することで、処理物の土壌からの鉛の溶出量を得、その結果を表3に示した。試験に用いた不溶化材は、土壌に添加した際に、アルミニウム化合物と、カルシウム化合物、マグネシウム化合物、リン酸系の化合物の合計量が、対象とする土壌に対して1質量%となるようにし、且つ、不溶化材を構成するアルミニウムに対する、カルシウム、マグネシウム或いはリン酸の量が、モル比で1:1となるように調整した。なお、実施例については、生成した重金属等の固定化物を用い、強酸にて抽出試験を行うことで、固定化物中に鉛が含まれていたことを確認した。
フッ素の溶出量が6.0mg/Lとなるように調整した模擬汚染土壌を用い、これに、模擬汚染土壌に対して、硫酸アルミニウム18水和物が1質量%、リン酸三ナトリウムが1質量%となるように添加し、混合撹拌して処理を行い、30日間養生する試験を行った。そして、得られた処理物について、各段階でサンプルを採取して、各採取物について、先に述べた溶出試験を行い、得られた測定用サンプル中のフッ素量をそれぞれ測定した。具体的には、上記した処理を行っている過程で、初日、7日、10日及び30日の各段階における処理物をサンプルとしてそれぞれ採取し、これらを用いて溶出試験を行い、測定用サンプル中のフッ素量を測定した。その結果を表4と、図1に示した。
下記の手順で、土壌1m3当たりに添加する不溶化材の量についての検討を行って、適性量の範囲を明らかにした。
<試験方法>
評価試験1で用いた模擬汚染土壌1m3に対して、代表例として、硫酸アルミニウム18水和物と、リン酸三ナトリウムとの組み合わせからなる不溶化材を用い、添加する不溶化材の量を変化させて処理した後、溶出試験を行った。具体的には、まず、評価試験1で用いたと同様の、フッ素の溶出量が6.0mg/Lとなるように調整した模擬汚染土壌1m3に対し、硫酸アルミニウム18水和物とリン酸三ナトリウムとのモル比を1:2と一定にして用い、表5に示したように、順次、土壌に対する添加量を増加してそれぞれ処理を行った。処理した後、得られた処理物について、評価試験1で行ったと同様に、先に述べた環境省告示46号溶出試験を行い、調製した測定用サンプルのpHについてはガラス電極法で、サンプル中のフッ素濃度についてはイオン電極法でそれぞれ測定した。得られたフッ素濃度の測定値を用い、下記の基準で評価した。表5に、得られた結果を示した。
◎:フッ素溶出量が0.8mg/L(環境基準値)未満
〇:0.8mg/L以上1.6mg/L(環境基準値の倍)未満
△:1.6mg/L以上3.0mg/L未満
×:3.0mg/L以上
Claims (14)
- 土壌に対し、一貫してpH11以上の強塩基性域とならない状態での処理を可能にする特定有害物質の不溶化材であって、
強塩基性でなく且つ非晶質でない水溶性のアルミニウム化合物と、強塩基性でない、カルシウム化合物、マグネシウム化合物及びリン酸化合物からなる群から選択される1又は2以上の併用成分とを含有してなることを特徴とする特定有害物質の不溶化材。 - 前記アルミニウム化合物1molに対して、前記併用成分を0.215~7.000molの範囲で含む請求項1に記載の特定有害物質の不溶化材。
- 前記アルミニウム化合物と、前記併用成分として強塩基性でない、カルシウム化合物及びリン酸化合物とをいずれも含有する請求項1又は2に記載の特定有害物質の不溶化材。
- 前記アルミニウム化合物が、塩化アルミニウム、硝酸アルミニウム、乳酸アルミニウム、酒石酸アルミニウム、サリチル酸アルミニウム、硫酸アルミニウム及びそれらの水和物からなる群から選択される少なくともいずれかである請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の特定有害物質の不溶化材。
- 前記カルシウム化合物が、炭酸カルシウム、硫酸カルシウム、硬焼酸化カルシウム、過酸化カルシウム、フッ化カルシウム、ヨウ化カルシウム、リン酸カルシウム、塩化カルシウム、硝酸カルシウム、酢酸カルシウム、クエン酸カルシウム、グルコン酸カルシウム、リンゴ酸カルシウム及び乳酸カルシウムからなる群から選択される少なくともいずれかである請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の特定有害物質の不溶化材。
- 前記リン酸化合物が、リン酸三ナトリウム、リン酸水素ナトリウム、リン酸二水素ナトリウム、リン酸三カリウム、リン酸水素カリウム、リン酸水素二カリウム、リン酸カルシウム及びリン酸マグネシウムからなる群から選択される少なくともいずれかである請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の特定有害物質の不溶化材。
- 前記マグネシウム化合物が、炭酸マグネシウム、水酸化マグネシウム、硫酸マグネシウム、リン酸マグネシウム、硬焼酸化マグネシウム及び酢酸マグネシウムからなる群から選択される少なくともいずれかである請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の特定有害物質の不溶化材。
- 前記特定有害物質が、カドミウム及びその化合物、六価クロム化合物、シアン化合物、水銀及びその化合物(アルキル水銀を含む)、セレン及びその化合物、鉛及びその化合物、砒素及びその化合物、フッ素及びその化合物、及び、ほう素及びその化合物からなる群から選択される少なくともいずれかである請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の特定有害物質の不溶化材。
- 特定有害物質の不溶化が必要な土壌に対して、強塩基性でなく且つ非晶質でない水溶性のアルミニウム化合物と、強塩基性でない、カルシウム化合物、マグネシウム化合物及びリン酸化合物からなる群から選択される1又は2以上の併用成分とを予め混合した状態で、或いは、前記アルミニウム化合物と前記併用成分を別にした状態で、前記土壌に添加混練するか或いは散布することで、処理域の状態が、pH11以上の強塩基性域とならない状態を常に維持して処理を行って、特定有害物質の不溶化をすることを特徴とする特定有害物質の不溶化方法。
- 特定有害物質の不溶化が必要な土壌に対して、強塩基性でなく且つ非晶質でない水溶性のアルミニウム化合物と、強塩基性でない、カルシウム化合物、マグネシウム化合物及びリン酸化合物からなる群から選択される1又は2以上の併用成分とを予め混合した状態で、或いは、前記アルミニウム化合物と前記併用成分を別にした状態で、前記土壌に添加混練するか或いは散布することで、処理域の状態が、pH11以上の強塩基性域とならない状態を常に維持し、且つ、処理した後の土壌のpHが5.0~9.0となるように処理を行って、特定有害物質の不溶化をすることを特徴とする特定有害物質の不溶化方法。
- 前記土壌1m3に対して前記アルミニウム化合物を25~300molの範囲内で添加する請求項9又は10に記載の特定有害物質の不溶化方法。
- 前記土壌1m3に対して前記アルミニウム化合物を50~250molの範囲内で添加する請求項9又は10に記載の特定有害物質の不溶化方法。
- 前記土壌1m3に対して前記アルミニウム化合物を75~215molの範囲内で添加する請求項9又は10に記載の特定有害物質の不溶化方法。
- 前記不溶化される特定有害物質が、前記土壌に起因するものであるか、或いは、前記不溶化材の構成成分に起因するものである請求項9乃至13のいずれか1項に記載の特定有害物質の不溶化方法。
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| EP (1) | EP3064286B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6438888B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101801496B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN105682813B (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2014341297B2 (ja) |
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| JP2019073656A (ja) * | 2017-10-18 | 2019-05-16 | 宇部マテリアルズ株式会社 | 不溶化材及び被不溶化物の不溶化方法 |
| JP2020525121A (ja) * | 2017-06-29 | 2020-08-27 | ザ ロイヤル インスティチューション フォー ジ アドヴァンスメント オブ ラーニング/マギル ユニヴァーシティ | 有害物質の安定化 |
| JP2022056692A (ja) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-04-11 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | 固化材及び土壌の固化処理方法 |
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| JP2017125785A (ja) * | 2016-01-15 | 2017-07-20 | コアレックス三栄株式会社 | 放射性物質汚染粒状物質の除染方法 |
| US10706981B2 (en) | 2016-01-15 | 2020-07-07 | Corelex San-Ei Co., Ltd. | Method for decontaminating radiocontaminated grains |
| JP2020525121A (ja) * | 2017-06-29 | 2020-08-27 | ザ ロイヤル インスティチューション フォー ジ アドヴァンスメント オブ ラーニング/マギル ユニヴァーシティ | 有害物質の安定化 |
| JP7265267B2 (ja) | 2017-06-29 | 2023-04-26 | ザ ロイヤル インスティチューション フォー ジ アドヴァンスメント オブ ラーニング/マギル ユニヴァーシティ | 有害物質の安定化 |
| JP7265267B6 (ja) | 2017-06-29 | 2023-05-19 | ザ ロイヤル インスティチューション フォー ジ アドヴァンスメント オブ ラーニング/マギル ユニヴァーシティ | 有害物質の安定化 |
| JP2019073656A (ja) * | 2017-10-18 | 2019-05-16 | 宇部マテリアルズ株式会社 | 不溶化材及び被不溶化物の不溶化方法 |
| JP2022056692A (ja) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-04-11 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | 固化材及び土壌の固化処理方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20160048954A (ko) | 2016-05-04 |
| EP3064286A1 (en) | 2016-09-07 |
| HK1219700A1 (zh) | 2017-04-13 |
| TW201522576A (zh) | 2015-06-16 |
| CA2927082A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
| EP3064286A4 (en) | 2017-05-24 |
| JPWO2015064522A1 (ja) | 2017-03-09 |
| TWI653320B (zh) | 2019-03-11 |
| US20160222291A1 (en) | 2016-08-04 |
| EP3064286B1 (en) | 2024-10-23 |
| AU2014341297B2 (en) | 2017-05-25 |
| AU2014341297A1 (en) | 2016-03-17 |
| JP6438888B2 (ja) | 2018-12-19 |
| CA2927082C (en) | 2018-07-24 |
| CN105682813B (zh) | 2020-05-05 |
| US10125317B2 (en) | 2018-11-13 |
| CN105682813A (zh) | 2016-06-15 |
| KR101801496B1 (ko) | 2017-11-24 |
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