WO2015056333A1 - 冷凍サイクル装置 - Google Patents
冷凍サイクル装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015056333A1 WO2015056333A1 PCT/JP2013/078216 JP2013078216W WO2015056333A1 WO 2015056333 A1 WO2015056333 A1 WO 2015056333A1 JP 2013078216 W JP2013078216 W JP 2013078216W WO 2015056333 A1 WO2015056333 A1 WO 2015056333A1
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- refrigerant
- condenser
- temperature
- heat medium
- water
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
- F24D17/02—Domestic hot-water supply systems using heat pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1051—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water
- F24D19/1054—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water the system uses a heat pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
- F24H15/196—Automatically filling bathtubs or pools; Reheating the water in bathtubs or pools
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
- F24H15/215—Temperature of the water before heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/305—Control of valves
- F24H15/325—Control of valves of by-pass valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/375—Control of heat pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/375—Control of heat pumps
- F24H15/38—Control of compressors of heat pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/375—Control of heat pumps
- F24H15/385—Control of expansion valves of heat pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/375—Control of heat pumps
- F24H15/39—Control of valves for distributing refrigerant to different evaporators or condensers in heat pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
- F24H15/414—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based
- F24H15/421—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based using pre-stored data
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B6/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
- F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
- F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
- F25B2400/0403—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the condenser
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2501—Bypass valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
- F25B2700/21161—Temperatures of a condenser of the fluid heated by the condenser
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a refrigeration cycle apparatus that heats a heat medium with a condenser.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a refrigeration cycle circuit in which a compressor, a four-way valve, a water heat exchanger (condenser), a pressure reducing device, and an air heat exchanger (evaporator) are connected via a refrigerant pipe, a pump, and water heat
- a heat pump type hot water supply apparatus having a water circuit in which an exchanger and a hot water storage tank are connected via a water pipe and storing hot water heated by a hydrothermal exchanger of the refrigeration cycle circuit in the hot water storage tank, as a refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle circuit
- the one using R410A or R407C is disclosed.
- the design pressure on the high pressure side is, for example, 4.25 MPa, and is approximately 65 ° C. when converted to the saturation temperature.
- all the pressure descriptions in this specification are absolute pressures.
- the design pressure needs to be 4.25 MPa, the same as that of the air conditioner, in order to share the components such as the compressor and the heat exchanger with the air conditioner.
- Patent Document 1 when the R410A refrigerant is used, when the condensation pressure is 4.75 MPa, the saturation temperature is about 70 ° C., and the incoming water temperature is 5 ° C., the tapping temperature is about 85 ° C.
- the upper limit is 4.25 MPa, which is the design pressure of the air conditioner as described above, the saturation temperature is about 65 ° C. and the tapping temperature is about 80 ° C.
- the refrigerant temperature at the condenser outlet is set to 10 ° C.
- the water temperature of the condenser of a heat pump water heater is usually the same as the outside air temperature. However, when reheating hot water whose temperature has dropped due to heat dissipation in a hot water storage tank, or when circulating hot water heated by a condenser in a heat exchanger that heats bath water, the incoming water temperature is about 50 ° C. Or higher than that. Assuming that the upper limit of the refrigerant saturation temperature of the condenser is about 65 ° C., the refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser is in a gas-liquid two-phase state or a gas state when the incoming water temperature is high.
- the average flow velocity of the refrigerant in the condenser increases, and the pressure loss of the refrigerant increases. Due to the pressure drop due to the pressure loss, a portion where the refrigerant temperature is lower than the incoming water temperature may occur in the condenser. In that case, since the water is deprived of heat by the refrigerant at a portion where the refrigerant temperature is lower than the water temperature, the efficiency of heating the water with the condenser is deteriorated.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems.
- the refrigeration capable of suppressing the refrigerant from being heated from the heat medium by the condenser.
- An object is to provide a cycle device.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the present invention includes a compressor that compresses a refrigerant, a refrigerant channel and a heat medium channel, a first condenser that condenses the refrigerant compressed by the compressor, and a refrigerant of the first condenser.
- a flow path control element that varies a bypass amount that is a flow rate of the refrigerant or the heat medium passing through the second condenser bypass passage, and an input heat medium temperature that is a temperature of the heat medium before heat exchange with the refrigerant is a reference temperature.
- the amount of bypass is high, the heat transfer medium temperature is higher than the reference temperature. To be larger than the bypass quantity of low case, those
- the condenser is divided into the first condenser and the second condenser, and the second condenser bypass passage that bypasses the refrigerant flow path or the heat medium flow path of the second condenser is provided.
- the temperature of the heat medium before heating is high, it is possible to prevent the refrigerant from being heated from the heat medium by the condenser by increasing the amount of the refrigerant or the heat medium that bypasses the second condenser. It becomes possible.
- FIG. 3 is a Ph diagram of a low-temperature water entry operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between the outside air temperature and incoming water temperature in low temperature incoming water operation. It is a figure which shows the operation
- FIG. 3 is a Ph diagram of high-temperature water entry operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between the position of the refrigerant
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a refrigeration cycle apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A of the first embodiment includes a compressor 2, first condensers 3A and 3B, a second condenser 4, an expansion valve 5, an evaporator 6, A refrigerant circuit formed by connecting the accumulator 7 with a refrigerant pipe is provided.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 ⁇ / b> A further includes a heat medium path 9, a second condenser bypass path 10, a flow path switching valve 11, a blower 12 that blows air to the evaporator 6, an incoming heat medium temperature sensor 13, and a refrigeration cycle.
- a control device 50 that controls the operation of the device 1A.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A of Embodiment 1 has a function as a heat pump that heats a liquid heat medium.
- the heat medium in the first embodiment is water
- the heat medium in the present invention may be antifreeze, brine, or the like.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A of the first embodiment is used as a hot water supply apparatus
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus in the present invention can also be applied to a heating medium used for purposes other than hot water supply (for example, heating). It is.
- the specific enthalpy [kJ / kg] is simply referred to as enthalpy in order to simplify the description.
- the two first condensers 3A and 3B have the same configuration and are connected in parallel.
- the first condensers 3 ⁇ / b> A and 3 ⁇ / b> B have a refrigerant flow path 31 and a heat medium flow path 32.
- the second condenser 4 has a refrigerant channel 41 and a heat medium channel 42.
- the compressor 2 compresses the low-pressure refrigerant gas into a high-pressure refrigerant gas.
- the high-pressure refrigerant gas compressed by the compressor 2 flows into the refrigerant flow path 31 of the first condenser 3A and the refrigerant flow path 31 of the first condenser 3B.
- the first condensers 3A and 3B are functionally one condenser. In the present invention, the first condensers 3A and 3B may be integrated.
- the expansion valve 5 is a decompression device that decompresses and expands the high-pressure refrigerant.
- the expansion valve 5 is preferably one whose opening degree can be arbitrarily changed.
- the high-pressure refrigerant that has passed through the refrigerant flow path 41 of the second condenser 4 is decompressed and expanded by the expansion valve 5 and becomes low-pressure refrigerant. This low-pressure refrigerant flows into the evaporator 6.
- the evaporator 6 is a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the air.
- the evaporator 6 causes the refrigerant to absorb the heat of the outside air blown by the blower 12.
- the heat source of the evaporator 6 in this Embodiment 1 is outside air
- the heat source of the evaporator in this invention is not restricted to outside air, For example, waste heat, underground heat, ground water, solar hot water, etc. may be sufficient.
- the fluid cooled by the evaporator may be used for cooling or the like.
- the low-pressure refrigerant that has passed through the evaporator 6 flows into the accumulator 7.
- the refrigerant liquid is stored in the accumulator 7, and the refrigerant gas exits the accumulator 7 and is sucked into the compressor 2.
- a section until the high-pressure refrigerant compressed by the compressor 2 flows into the decompression device is generally referred to as a “high-pressure side”, and the low-pressure refrigerant decompressed by the decompression device is the compressor 2.
- the section until it is inhaled is called “low pressure side”.
- the heat medium path 9 allows water to pass through the heat medium flow path 42 of the second condenser 4 and the heat medium flow path 32 of the first condensers 3A and 3B in this order.
- the heat medium path 9 connects the water inlet 91 and the inlet of the heat medium flow path 42 of the second condenser 4, and the outlet of the heat medium flow path 42 of the second condenser 4 and the first condensers 3A and 3B.
- the inlet of the heat medium flow path 32 is connected, and the outlet of the heat medium flow path 32 of the first condensers 3A and 3B and the water outlet 92 are connected.
- the refrigerant and water are opposed to each other.
- coolant and water become a counterflow.
- the second condenser bypass passage 10 bypasses the heat medium passage 42 of the second condenser 4.
- the flow path switching valve 11 is a three-way valve.
- the flow path switching valve 11 is installed in the middle of the heat medium path 9 between the water inlet 91 and the inlet of the heat medium flow path 42 of the second condenser 4.
- One end of the second condenser bypass passage 10 is connected to the flow path switching valve 11, and the other end of the second condenser bypass passage 10 is the outlet of the heat medium flow path 42 of the second condenser 4 and the first condenser 3A, It is connected in the middle of the heat medium path 9 between the inlet of the 3B heat medium flow path 32.
- the flow path switching valve 11 has a state in which the total amount of water flowing in from the water inlet 91 flows to the heat medium flow path 42 of the second condenser 4 and the total amount of water flowing in from the water inlet 91 in the second condenser bypass passage 10. It is possible to switch to the state of flowing. Further, the flow path switching valve 11 may be capable of changing the ratio of distributing the water flowing in from the water inlet 91 to the heat medium flow path 42 of the second condenser 4 and the second condenser bypass passage 10. In the first embodiment, of the total flow rate of water flowing from the water inlet 91, the ratio of passing through the second condenser bypass passage 10 without passing through the second condenser 4 is referred to as “bypass rate”. In the first embodiment, the flow path switching valve 11 corresponds to a flow path control element that varies a bypass amount that is a flow rate of water passing through the second condenser bypass passage 10.
- the incoming heat medium temperature sensor 13 is installed in the middle of the heat medium path 9 between the water inlet 91 and the flow path switching valve 11.
- the incoming heat medium temperature sensor 13 detects the temperature of the heat medium, that is, water before heat exchange with the refrigerant.
- the detected temperature of the incoming heat medium temperature sensor 13 is referred to as “incoming water temperature”.
- the control device 50 is a control means for controlling the operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A.
- the control device 50 is electrically connected to the compressor 2, the expansion valve 5, the flow path switching valve 11, the blower 12, and the incoming heat medium temperature sensor 13. Other actuators, sensors, user interface devices, and the like may be further connected to the control device 50.
- the control device 50 includes a processor 50a and a memory 50b that stores a control program, data, and the like.
- the control device 50 stores the operations of the compressor 2, the expansion valve 5, the flow path switching valve 11, and the blower 12 in the memory 50b based on information detected by each sensor, instruction information from the user interface device, and the like. By controlling according to the program, the operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A is controlled.
- R32 is used as the refrigerant.
- the advantage of using R32 as a refrigerant will be described later.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a part of the heat exchanger constituting the first condensers 3A and 3B and the second condenser 4.
- the heat exchanger 60 has one torsion tube 61 and three refrigerant heat transfer tubes 62, 63, 64.
- the inside of the torsion pipe 61 constitutes a heat medium flow path. That is, water flows through the torsion pipe 61.
- the inside of the refrigerant heat transfer tubes 62, 63, 64 constitutes a refrigerant flow path.
- the refrigerant is divided into three refrigerant heat transfer tubes 62, 63, and 64, and flows in parallel inside them.
- the refrigerant heat transfer tubes 62 and 64 are hatched for the sake of convenience in order to easily distinguish the refrigerant heat transfer tubes 62, 63 and 64. That is, the hatching in FIG. 2 does not mean a cross section.
- the torsion tube 61 has three spiral grooves 61a, 61b, 61c in parallel on the outer periphery thereof.
- the refrigerant heat transfer tubes 62, 63, 64 are fitted into the grooves 61a, 61b, 61c, respectively, and are wound spirally along the shapes of the grooves 61a, 61b, 61c. With such a configuration, the contact heat transfer area between the torsion tube 61 and the refrigerant heat transfer tubes 62, 63, 64 can be increased.
- the first condenser 3A, the first condenser 3B, and the second condenser 4 are each composed of a heat exchanger having substantially the same structure as the heat exchanger 60 described above. That is, the first condenser 3A, the first condenser 3B, and the second condenser 4 each include one heat medium flow path and three refrigerant flow paths. However, in FIG. 1, the heat medium flow paths of the first condenser 3 ⁇ / b> A, the first condenser 3 ⁇ / b> B, and the second condenser 4 are each represented by one line for simplification.
- the first condensers 3A and 3B function as a single condenser.
- the first condensers 3A and 3B are configured by connecting two heat exchangers 60 in parallel. Therefore, the first condensers 3A and 3B as a whole have two heat medium passages and six refrigerant passages.
- the cross-sectional area of the refrigerant flow path of the second condenser 4 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the refrigerant flow paths of the first condensers 3A and 3B. The reason will be described later.
- the “cross-sectional area of the refrigerant flow path of the condenser” is the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the plurality of refrigerant flow paths. That is, the cross-sectional area of the refrigerant flow paths of the first condensers 3A and 3B is the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the six refrigerant flow paths, and the cross-sectional area of the refrigerant flow path of the second condenser 4 is three. This is the total cross-sectional area of the refrigerant flow path.
- the second The cross-sectional area of the refrigerant flow path of the condenser 4 is 1 ⁇ 2 of the cross-sectional area of the refrigerant flow paths of the first condensers 3A and 3B.
- first condenser and the second condenser in the present invention are not limited to the twisted tube heat exchanger as described above, but may be other types such as a plate heat exchanger. Further, the number of refrigerant channels and heat medium channels is not limited to the above example.
- FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a hot water storage type hot water supply system having the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A of the first embodiment and the tank unit 20.
- a hot water storage tank 21 and a water pump 22 are installed in the tank unit 20.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 ⁇ / b> A and the hot water storage tank 21 are connected via water channels 23 and 24.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A and the tank unit 20 are connected via an electric wiring (not shown).
- One end of the water channel 23 is connected to the water inlet 91 of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A.
- the other end of the water channel 23 is connected to the lower part of the hot water storage tank 21 in the tank unit 20.
- a water pump 22 is installed in the middle of the water channel 23 in the tank unit 20.
- One end of the water channel 24 is connected to the water outlet 92 of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A.
- the other end of the water channel 24 is connected to the upper part of the hot water storage tank 21 in the tank unit 20.
- the water pump 22 may be disposed in the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A.
- a water supply pipe 25 is further connected to the lower part of the hot water storage tank 21 of the tank unit 20. Water supplied from an external water source such as water supply flows into the hot water storage tank 21 through the water supply pipe 25 and is stored. The hot water storage tank 21 is always kept in a full water state when water flows from the water supply pipe 25.
- a hot water supply mixing valve 26 is further provided in the tank unit 20, .
- the hot water supply mixing valve 26 is connected to the upper part of the hot water storage tank 21 through a hot water outlet pipe 27.
- a water supply branch pipe 28 branched from the water supply pipe 25 is connected to the hot water supply mixing valve 26.
- One end of a hot water supply pipe 29 is further connected to the hot water supply mixing valve 26.
- the other end of the hot water supply pipe 29 is connected to a hot water supply terminal such as a faucet, a shower, or a bathtub.
- the water stored in the hot water storage tank 21 is sent to the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A through the water channel 23 by the water pump 22 and heated in the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A. It becomes hot water.
- the hot water generated in the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A returns to the tank unit 20 through the water channel 24 and flows into the hot water storage tank 21 from above.
- hot water is stored in the hot water storage tank 21 by forming a temperature stratification in which the upper side is high temperature and the lower side is low temperature.
- hot water When hot water is supplied from the hot water supply pipe 29 to the hot water supply terminal, high temperature hot water in the hot water storage tank 21 is supplied to the hot water supply mixing valve 26 through the hot water supply pipe 27 and low temperature water is supplied to the hot water supply pipe through the water supply branch pipe 28. It is supplied to the mixing valve 26. The hot water and low temperature water are mixed by the hot water supply mixing valve 26 and then supplied to the hot water supply terminal through the hot water supply pipe 29.
- the hot water supply mixing valve 26 adjusts the mixing ratio of the high temperature hot water and the low temperature water so that the hot water supply temperature set by the user is obtained.
- a reheating heat exchanger 30 for retreating the bathtub is further provided.
- piping for circulating the water in the bathtub to the heat exchanger 30 and the connection destinations of the water channels 23 and 24 from the hot water storage tank 21 to the heat exchanger 30. Piping for switching is provided.
- the bathtub reheating operation the water in the bathtub and the hot water generated in the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A are circulated to the heat exchanger 30 through these pipes, and the temperature of the bathtub is changed by exchanging heat between them. Can be raised.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a control operation in the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A of the first embodiment.
- the control device 50 controls the operation of the flow path switching valve 11 so that the bypass amount in the high-temperature incoming operation is larger than the bypass amount in the low-temperature incoming operation.
- the bypass rate of the low temperature water intake operation is set to 0%. That is, in step S ⁇ b> 2, the control device 50 controls the operation of the flow path switching valve 11 so that the total flow rate of water flowing from the water inlet 91 passes through the second condenser 4.
- the bypass rate of high temperature water-intake operation is set to 100%. That is, in step S3, the control device 50 controls the operation of the flow path switching valve 11 so that the total flow rate of water flowing from the water inlet 91 passes through the second condenser bypass passage 10 without passing through the second condenser 4. To do.
- two reference temperatures are provided, and hysteresis is provided for switching between the low-temperature incoming operation and the high-temperature incoming operation. You may make it have.
- the incoming water temperature in the heat storage operation is approximately the same as the outside air temperature.
- the reference temperature ⁇ is higher than the outside air temperature. For this reason, in the heat storage operation when the low-temperature water supplied from the water supply pipe 25 is present in the lower side of the hot water storage tank 21, the incoming water temperature is lower than the reference temperature ⁇ . I do.
- the incoming water temperature may become higher than the reference temperature ⁇ .
- the incoming water temperature may be higher than the reference temperature ⁇ in the bathtub chasing operation. In these cases, the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A performs a high-temperature water entry operation.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the operation of the low-temperature water entry operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A of the first embodiment.
- the water flowing in from the water inlet 91 is heated by the second condenser 4 and then branched into two to flow in parallel to the first condensers 3A and 3B and further heated.
- the refrigerant branches into two after leaving the compressor 2 and flows in parallel to the first condensers 3A and 3B.
- the refrigerant further branches into three refrigerant flow paths just before the entrance of the heat transfer section of the first condenser 3A.
- the refrigerant further branches into three refrigerant flow paths just before the entrance of the heat transfer section of the first condenser 3B.
- the refrigerant partially condenses in the first condensers 3A and 3B and enters a gas-liquid two-phase state.
- the refrigerant that has passed through the first condensers 3 ⁇ / b> A and 3 ⁇ / b> B flows to the second condenser 4 after joining.
- the refrigerant branches into three refrigerant flow paths.
- the refrigerant is further condensed in the second condenser 4.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of temperature changes of the refrigerant and water in the first condensers 3A and 3B and the second condenser 4 in the low-temperature water entry operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A according to the first embodiment.
- the horizontal axis represents the enthalpy of the refrigerant
- the vertical axis represents the temperature.
- the temperature difference at the pinch point at which the temperature difference between the refrigerant and water is minimized is about 3K.
- the refrigerant condensing temperature is 62 ° C.
- the high-pressure side pressure can be set to 4.25 MPa or less, which is a design pressure of a general air conditioner, and 80 ° C. hot water can be discharged. For this reason, since the specification of the compressor 2 can be made common with an air conditioner, cost can be reduced.
- the water temperature at the outlets of the first condensers 3A and 3B will be referred to as “hot water temperature”.
- FIG. 7 shows a Ph diagram, that is, a Mollier diagram, of the low-temperature water entry operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A of the first embodiment.
- the low-pressure refrigerant gas is compressed from the point E1 to the point A1 by the compressor 2 and becomes high-pressure refrigerant gas.
- the high-pressure refrigerant gas is cooled from the point A1 to the point B1 by the first condensers 3A and 3B, and starts condensing during that time.
- Point B1 is in a gas-liquid two-phase state. This high-pressure refrigerant in the gas-liquid two-phase state is further condensed by the second condenser 4 to become a supercooled liquid.
- the high-pressure refrigerant changes from the point B1 to the point C1 in the second condenser 4.
- the refrigerant of the supercooled liquid at the point C1 is expanded to the point D1 by the expansion valve 5 and depressurized, and becomes a low-pressure refrigerant in a gas-liquid two-phase state.
- This gas-liquid two-phase low-pressure refrigerant absorbs heat from the point D1 to the point E1 in the evaporator 6 and evaporates.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of the relationship between the outside air temperature and the incoming water temperature in the low temperature incoming operation.
- the example in which the incoming water temperature is 9 ° C. shown in FIG. 5 corresponds to the case where the outside air temperature is 7 ° C. As the outside air temperature rises, the incoming water temperature also rises.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the operation of the high-temperature water entry operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A of the first embodiment.
- the water flowing in from the water inlet 91 does not pass through the second condenser 4, passes through the second condenser bypass passage 10, and then branches into two to pass through the first condensers 3 ⁇ / b> A and 3 ⁇ / b> B. It flows in parallel and is heated.
- the route through which the refrigerant flows in the high-temperature incoming operation is the same as that in the low-temperature incoming operation. However, since there is no heat exchange with water in the second condenser 4, the refrigerant is not condensed in the second condenser 4.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of temperature changes of the refrigerant and water in the first condensers 3A and 3B in the high-temperature water entry operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A of the first embodiment.
- the horizontal axis represents the enthalpy of the refrigerant
- the vertical axis represents the temperature.
- the temperature difference at the pinch point at which the temperature difference between the refrigerant and water is minimized is about 3K.
- the refrigerant condensing temperature is 62 ° C.
- the refrigerant gas temperature at the inlet of the first condenser 3A, 3B is 126 ° C., the first condenser 3A,
- the water temperature at the outlet of 3B, that is, the tapping temperature is 80 ° C.
- FIG. 11 shows a Ph diagram of the high-temperature water entry operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A of the first embodiment.
- the low-pressure refrigerant gas is compressed from the point E2 to the point A2 by the compressor 2 to become high-pressure refrigerant gas.
- the high-pressure refrigerant gas is cooled from the point A2 to the point B2 in the first condensers 3A and 3B, and starts condensing during that time.
- Point B2 is in a gas-liquid two-phase state.
- water does not flow and heat exchange is not performed.
- the enthalpy of the refrigerant in the second condenser 4 does not decrease, but the pressure decreases due to pressure loss. That is, the refrigerant changes from the point B2 to the point C2 in the second condenser 4.
- the refrigerant in the gas-liquid two-phase state at point C2 is expanded and decompressed to the point D2 by the expansion valve 5, and becomes a low-pressure refrigerant in the gas-liquid two-phase state.
- This gas-liquid two-phase low-pressure refrigerant absorbs heat from the point D2 to the point E2 in the evaporator 6 and evaporates.
- the average refrigerant dryness from the point B2 to the point C2 of the second condenser 4 in the high temperature water inlet operation is higher than the average refrigerant dryness from the point B1 to the point C1 of the second condenser 4 in the low temperature water inlet operation. For this reason, the average refrigerant density in the second condenser 4 in the high temperature water inlet operation is smaller than the average refrigerant density in the second condenser 4 in the low temperature water inlet operation.
- the average refrigerant dryness from the point D2 to the point E2 of the evaporator 6 in the high temperature water inlet operation is higher than the average refrigerant dryness from the point D1 to the point E1 in the evaporator 6 in the low temperature water inlet operation.
- the average refrigerant density in the evaporator 6 in the high temperature water inlet operation is smaller than the average refrigerant density in the evaporator 6 in the low temperature water inlet operation.
- the high-temperature water input operation requires a smaller amount of refrigerant for the second condenser 4 and the evaporator 6 than the low-temperature water input operation, so that excess refrigerant is generated in the refrigerant circuit.
- the surplus refrigerant is stored in the accumulator 7 as a refrigerant liquid.
- the accumulator 7 is corresponded to the storage part which stores an excess refrigerant
- a liquid receiver (not shown) provided between the second condenser 4 and the expansion valve 5 may be used as a storage unit, or the evaporator 6 may be used as a storage unit. Excess refrigerant may be stored in two or more of the accumulator 7, the liquid receiver and the evaporator 6.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the position and temperature of the refrigerant and water in the first condensers 3A and 3B and the second condenser 4 of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A of the first embodiment.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 12 represents temperature.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 12 shows the second condenser 4 when the total of one heat medium flow path length of the first condensers 3A and 3B and one heat medium flow path length of the second condenser 4 is 1.
- the heat medium flow path length is the length of the central axis with respect to the flow direction of the heat medium flow path.
- the operating conditions of the example shown in FIG. 12 are the same as the operating conditions of FIG. 6 or 10 described above.
- Lp1: Lp2 0...
- Lp1: Lp2 0...
- the first condensers 3A and 3B have two heat medium flow paths
- the second condenser 4 has one heat medium flow path, and therefore the heat of the first condensers 3A and 3B.
- L1: L2 1.10: 0.45 ⁇ 2.4: 1.0.
- the ratio of the heat medium flow path length of the first condensers 3A and 3B and the heat medium flow path length of the second condenser 4 is set as described above, in the low temperature water intake operation where the incoming water temperature is 9 ° C., for example, FIG.
- the water can be heated from 50 ° C. to 80 ° C. by the first condensers 3A and 3B.
- the water in the high temperature water inlet operation where the incoming water temperature is 50 ° C., for example, the water can be heated from 50 ° C. to 80 ° C. with the first condensers 3A and 3B.
- the COP can be increased by supercooling the refrigerant with the second condenser 4 and lowering the refrigerant temperature at the outlet of the second condenser 4 to increase the enthalpy difference. Due to the nature of the refrigerant, when it becomes a supercooled liquid, the flow rate becomes low and the heat transfer coefficient becomes lower than that of the gas-liquid two-phase part.
- the second condenser 4 is configured such that the cross-sectional area of the refrigerant flow path of the second condenser 4 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the refrigerant flow paths of the first condensers 3A and 3B. It is possible to suppress a decrease in the flow rate of the refrigerant in the supercooled liquid, thereby suppressing a decrease in heat transfer coefficient. For this reason, in the low temperature water intake operation, the efficiency of heat exchange in the second condenser 4 can be improved, and the COP can be further increased.
- the number of refrigerant channels in the second condenser 4 is smaller than the number of refrigerant channels in the first condensers 3A and 3B, so that the refrigerant in the second condenser 4 is reduced. A decrease in heat transfer rate can be more reliably suppressed.
- the refrigerant in the second condenser 4 undergoes a temperature drop due to pressure loss.
- the temperature difference between the refrigerant and water becomes small, and the amount of heat exchange decreases if the pressure is kept constant.
- the refrigerant pressure loss further increases in the second condenser 4 a portion where the refrigerant temperature becomes lower than the incoming water temperature is generated.
- water is deprived of heat by the refrigerant, and heat is lost.
- the efficiency with which the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A heats water decreases.
- the first condensers 3A and 3B have a larger cross-sectional area of the refrigerant flow path and a larger number of refrigerant flow paths than the second condenser 4, so that the refrigerant pressure loss is small. For this reason, in the first condensers 3A and 3B, a sufficient heat exchange amount can be ensured without increasing the condensation pressure even in a high-temperature incoming operation with a high incoming water temperature.
- FIG. 13 shows a comparison of compressor discharge temperatures of R410A refrigerant and R32 refrigerant.
- the compressor suction pressure is 0.81 MPa which is the saturated vapor pressure of R32 at 0 ° C.
- the compressor discharge pressure is 4.25 MPa which is equivalent to the design pressure of the air conditioner, and the compressor 2 It is assumed that the superheat degree of the sucked refrigerant is 0K and the compressor efficiency is 100%. Under such conditions, the compressor discharge temperature of R410A is 91 ° C., whereas the compressor discharge temperature of R32 is 110 ° C.
- the degree of superheat is the temperature rise from the evaporation temperature, that is, the saturation temperature.
- an excess refrigerant liquid is stored in the accumulator 7, so that the superheat degree of the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 2 becomes 0K (or 0K or less).
- the compressor discharge temperature of the R410A refrigerant is lowered to 91 ° C. as described above. For this reason, when R410A is used for the refrigerant, it is difficult to increase the temperature of the hot water in the high-temperature water entry operation.
- the R32 refrigerant can increase the compressor discharge temperature to 110 ° C. even when the superheat degree of the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 2 becomes 0K. For this reason, by using R32 as the refrigerant, the temperature of the hot water in the high temperature water intake operation can be made higher than that of the R410A refrigerant. As a result, when the capacity of the hot water storage tank 21 is the same, the amount of stored heat can be increased. In the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A according to the first embodiment, when R32 is used as a refrigerant and the design pressure is set to the same level as that of an air conditioner, the hot water temperature is about 80 ° C. at maximum.
- the hot water storage temperature of the hot water storage tank 21 is about 80 ° C. at the maximum.
- the hot water temperature of the heat pump water heater using CO 2 as a refrigerant is about 90 ° C. at the maximum, and the hot water storage temperature is about 90 ° C. at the maximum.
- capacitance of the hot water storage tank 21 is made the same, the heat storage amount becomes larger in the heat pump water heater using the CO 2 refrigerant.
- the temperature of hot water supplied from the hot water supply pipe 29 to the hot water supply terminal is about 40 to 60 ° C., there is no problem even if the hot water storage temperature is 80 ° C.
- the hot water temperature is set to 80 ° C. or higher and an efficient operation can be performed. For this reason, when the hot water storage temperature and the heat storage amount are reduced due to heat radiation from the hot water storage tank 21, etc., the hot water having a reduced temperature in the hot water storage tank 21 is made efficient by performing the heat storage operation by the high temperature water input operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A. Can be reheated well.
- the critical temperature of CO 2 is about 31 ° C.
- the critical temperature of R 32 is as high as about 78 ° C.
- the condensation latent heat of the refrigerant can be used even in the high-temperature water entry operation, so that the operation with a high COP can be performed.
- the hot water storage temperature is too high, heat radiation from the hot water storage tank 21 to the outside air increases, so it is better to store hot water at 80 ° C. and perform heat storage operation again when the heat storage amount decreases than to store hot water at 90 ° C. Heat loss is reduced.
- the same effect as described above can be obtained not only when a refrigerant whose R32 is 100% is used but also when a refrigerant whose main component is R32 is used.
- a refrigerant mainly composed of R32 is used, a refrigerant having a ratio of R32 of 70 mass% or more, more preferably 90 mass% or more may be used.
- the ratio of the number of refrigerant channels of the first condenser to the number of refrigerant channels of the second condenser is defined as the ratio of the number of refrigerant channels.
- the first condensers 3A and 3B have six refrigerant channels
- the second condenser 4 has three refrigerant channels. Is 2.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the ratio of the number of refrigerant channels and the magnitude of refrigerant pressure loss in the first condenser. The vertical axis of FIG. 14 represents the magnitude of the refrigerant pressure loss of the first condenser with 100% when the refrigerant flow rate ratio is 1. As shown in FIG.
- the refrigerant pressure loss of the first condenser decreases as the refrigerant flow path number ratio increases. However, when the refrigerant flow rate ratio exceeds 2.5, the effect of further reducing the refrigerant pressure loss is reduced. On the other hand, if the ratio of the number of refrigerant channels is too large, the heat transfer rate may decrease due to a decrease in the refrigerant flow rate, which may reduce the amount of heat exchange.
- the refrigerant flow rate ratio is preferably about 1.5 to 2.5, and the refrigerant flow rate ratio is particularly preferably 2 as in the first embodiment.
- the first condensers 3A and 3B and the second condenser 4 are constituted by heat exchangers having substantially the same structure. That is, the first condensers 3A and 3B are configured by connecting two heat exchangers having substantially the same structure as the second condenser 4 in parallel. Thereby, the said effect can be achieved by an easy design.
- the water bypass rate is set to 0%, and the entire amount of water is heated by the second condenser 4, so that the tapping temperature can be increased.
- the water bypass rate is 100% and the entire amount of water is passed through the second condenser bypass passage 10, so that the refrigerant takes heat away from the water in the second condenser 4. Can be surely prevented.
- a first reference temperature and a second reference temperature higher than the first reference temperature are provided.
- the bypass rate is set to 0%
- the incoming water temperature is the second reference temperature.
- the bypass rate is set to 100%.
- the bypass rate increases continuously or stepwise as the incoming water temperature increases.
- the control device 50 may control the operation of the flow path switching valve 11 so as to be higher. Thereby, the transition between the low-temperature incoming operation and the high-temperature incoming operation can be performed smoothly.
- Embodiment 2 the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 15 and FIG. 16. The description will focus on the differences from the first embodiment described above, and the same or corresponding parts will be denoted by the same reference numerals. The description is omitted.
- FIG. 15 is a configuration diagram of the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- a refrigeration cycle apparatus 1B according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 15 is different from the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A according to the first embodiment in that the second condenser bypass passage 10 and the flow path switching valve 11 are not provided.
- a condenser bypass passage 16 and a bypass valve 17 are provided.
- the second condenser bypass passage 16 bypasses the refrigerant flow path 41 of the second condenser 4.
- One end of the second condenser bypass passage 16 is connected to a refrigerant pipe between the refrigerant flow path 31 of the first condensers 3 ⁇ / b> A and 3 ⁇ / b> B and the refrigerant flow path 41 of the second condenser 4.
- the other end of the second condenser bypass passage 16 is connected to a refrigerant pipe between the expansion valve 5 and the evaporator 6.
- the bypass valve 17 is provided in the middle of the second condenser bypass passage 16 and opens and closes the second condenser bypass passage 16.
- the bypass valve 17 also has a function of a decompression device that decompresses and expands the high-pressure refrigerant.
- the bypass valve 17 is preferably one whose opening can be arbitrarily changed.
- the incoming heat medium temperature sensor 13 is installed in the middle of the heat medium path 9 between the water inlet 91 and the second condenser 4.
- the ratio that passes through the second condenser bypass passage 16 without passing through the second condenser 4 is referred to as “bypass rate”.
- the expansion valve 5 and the bypass valve 17 correspond to a flow path control element that varies a bypass amount that is a flow rate of the refrigerant passing through the second condenser bypass passage 16.
- the entire amount of water that flows in from the water inlet 91 passes through the second condenser 4 in both the low-temperature incoming operation and the high-temperature incoming operation.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1B performs a low temperature water inlet operation when the incoming water temperature is lower than the reference temperature ⁇ , and performs a high temperature water inlet operation when the incoming water temperature is equal to or higher than the reference temperature ⁇ .
- the reference temperature ⁇ is set to 50 ° C. as in the first embodiment.
- the control device 50 controls the operations of the expansion valve 5 and the bypass valve 17 so that the bypass amount in the high-temperature incoming operation is larger than the bypass amount in the low-temperature incoming operation.
- the bypass rate of the low temperature incoming operation is 0% and the bypass rate of the high temperature incoming operation is 100%.
- FIG. 15 shows the operation of the low-temperature water entry operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1B of the second embodiment.
- the control device 50 closes the bypass valve 17 at an opening degree at which the refrigerant does not flow.
- the total flow rate of the refrigerant that has passed through the first condensers 3 ⁇ / b> A and 3 ⁇ / b> B passes through the second condenser 4 and the expansion valve 5, and goes to the evaporator 6.
- the low temperature water inlet operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1B is substantially in the same state as the low temperature water inlet operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1A of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the operation of the high-temperature water entry operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1B of the second embodiment.
- the control device 50 opens the bypass valve 17 and closes the expansion valve 5 to an opening degree at which the refrigerant does not flow.
- the total flow rate of the refrigerant that has passed through the first condensers 3 ⁇ / b> A and 3 ⁇ / b> B passes through the second condenser bypass passage 16 without passing through the second condenser 4.
- the high-pressure refrigerant that has passed through the first condensers 3 ⁇ / b> A and 3 ⁇ / b> B and has flowed into the second condenser bypass passage 16 is expanded and depressurized by the bypass valve 17, and travels toward the evaporator 6.
- water passes through the second condenser 4, but since the refrigerant does not pass through the second condenser 4, the temperature of the water does not change in the second condenser 4.
- the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.
- the refrigerant since the refrigerant does not pass through the second condenser 4 in the high-temperature water entry operation, it is ensured that a portion where the refrigerant temperature is lower than the water inlet temperature is generated in the second condenser 4. Can be suppressed. Therefore, since it is possible to reliably suppress the water from taking heat away by the refrigerant, it is possible to reliably suppress the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1B from heating water.
- the gas-liquid two-phase state or gas refrigerant that has passed through the first condensers 3A and 3B does not have to pass through the second condenser 4 having a small cross-sectional area of the refrigerant flow path. It is possible to avoid the temperature of the refrigerant from dropping due to pressure loss in the condenser 4.
- the refrigerant pressure loss can be further reduced as compared with the first embodiment.
- the first condensers 3A and 3B can more reliably suppress the increase in the condensation pressure, and can ensure a sufficient amount of heat exchange.
- the bypass rate of the refrigerant is set to 0% and the entire flow rate of the refrigerant is passed through the second condenser 4, so that the temperature of the hot water can be increased.
- the refrigerant bypass rate does not necessarily have to be 0% in the low-temperature water entry operation, and a small amount of the total refrigerant flow rate may be passed through the second condenser bypass passage 16.
- the refrigerant bypass rate is set to 100%, and the entire flow rate of the refrigerant is passed through the second condenser bypass passage 16, so that the pressure loss of the refrigerant can be more reliably reduced.
- the bypass rate of the refrigerant does not necessarily need to be 100% in the high-temperature water entry operation, and a small amount of the total refrigerant flow rate may be passed through the second condenser 4.
- Embodiment 3 the third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 17 to FIG. 19.
- the description will focus on the differences from the second embodiment described above, and the same or corresponding parts will be denoted by the same reference numerals. The description is omitted.
- FIG. 17 is a configuration diagram of the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 17, the equipment configuration of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1C of the third embodiment is the same as that of the second embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing a control operation in the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1C of the third embodiment.
- the control device 50 compares the incoming water temperature detected by the incoming heat medium temperature sensor 13 with a preset first reference temperature ⁇ .
- the first reference temperature ⁇ 30 ° C.
- the control device 50 proceeds to step S12.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1C performs a low-temperature water entry operation. This low temperature incoming operation is the same as the low temperature incoming operation of the second embodiment (FIG. 15). That is, in step S12, the control device 50 opens the expansion valve 5 and closes the bypass valve 17 to an opening degree at which the refrigerant does not flow.
- step S13 the control device 50 compares the incoming water temperature with a preset second reference temperature ⁇ .
- the second reference temperature ⁇ 50 ° C. If the incoming water temperature is equal to or higher than the second reference temperature ⁇ in step S13, the control device 50 proceeds to step S14.
- step S14 the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1C performs a high-temperature water entry operation. This high temperature water input operation is the same as the high temperature water input operation (FIG. 16) of the second embodiment. That is, in step S14, the control device 50 opens the bypass valve 17 and closes the expansion valve 5 to an opening degree at which the refrigerant does not flow.
- step S13 When the incoming water temperature is lower than the second reference temperature ⁇ in step S13, that is, when the incoming water temperature is between the first reference temperature ⁇ and the second reference temperature ⁇ , the control device 50 proceeds to step S15.
- step S15 the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1C performs a medium temperature water injection operation.
- FIG. 17 shows the operation of the medium temperature water injection operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1C of the third embodiment.
- the control device 50 in the medium-temperature water-filling operation causes the expansion valve 5 and the bypass valve 17 so that the refrigerant that has passed through the first condensers 3A and 3B flows separately into the second condenser 4 and the second condenser bypass passage 16. To control the opening degree.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the relationship between the incoming water temperature and the bypass rate in the medium-temperature incoming water operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1C of the third embodiment.
- the control device 50 controls the opening degree of the expansion valve 5 and the bypass valve 17 so that the bypass rate continuously increases as the incoming water temperature increases in the intermediate temperature incoming water operation.
- the first reference temperature ⁇ is the water temperature at the position where the dryness of the refrigerant in the second condenser 4 becomes 0, that is, the water temperature at the position where the refrigerant becomes the boundary between the gas-liquid two-phase region and the supercooling region. It is desirable to use as a guide.
- the incoming water temperature is between the first reference temperature ⁇ (30 ° C.) and the second reference temperature ⁇ (50 ° C.)
- a part of the refrigerant flow rate is transferred to the second condenser bypass passage.
- the refrigerant flow rate of the second condenser 4 can be reduced and the pressure loss can be reduced. For this reason, according to the third embodiment, there is an advantage that the refrigerant pressure loss can be reduced as compared with the second embodiment when the incoming water temperature is between 30 ° C. and 50 ° C.
- the refrigerant enthalpy difference between the first condensers 3A and 3B is ⁇ h1
- the refrigerant enthalpy difference between the second condensers 4 is ⁇ h2
- the refrigerant of the first condensers 3A and 3B and the second condenser 4 as a whole.
- the refrigerant enthalpy difference of the entire first condenser 3A, 3B and second condenser 4 is as described above. ⁇ h calculated by the equation.
- the entire first condensers 3 ⁇ / b> A, 3 ⁇ / b> B and the second condenser 4 are The refrigerant enthalpy difference is ⁇ h1.
- the refrigerant enthalpy difference can be increased as compared with the case where the total flow rate of the refrigerant is passed through the second condenser bypass passage 16 when the incoming water temperature is equal to or higher than the first reference temperature ⁇ . Therefore, COP can be made higher.
- the opening degree of the expansion valve 5 and the bypass valve 17 is controlled so that the bypass rate continuously increases as the incoming water temperature increases in the intermediate temperature incoming water operation.
- the opening degree of the expansion valve 5 and the bypass valve 17 may be controlled so that the bypass rate increases stepwise as the incoming water temperature increases during operation.
- 1A, 1B, 1C refrigeration cycle apparatus 2 compressor, 3A, 3B first condenser, 4 second condenser, 5 expansion valve, 6 evaporator, 7 accumulator, 9 heat medium path, 10 condenser bypass passage, 11 Flow path switching valve, 12 blower, 13 containing heat medium temperature sensor, 16 condenser bypass passage, 17 bypass valve, 20 tank unit, 21 hot water storage tank, 22 water pump, 23, 24 water channel, 25 water supply pipe, 26 mixing for hot water supply Valve, 27 Hot water outlet pipe, 28 Water supply branch pipe, 29 Hot water supply pipe, 30 Reheating heat exchanger, 31 Refrigerant flow path, 32 Heat medium flow path, 41 Refrigerant flow path, 42 Heat medium flow path, 50 Control device, 50a processor 50b memory, 60 heat exchanger, 61 twisted tube, 61a, 61b, 61c groove, 62, 63, 64 refrigerant heat transfer tube, 1 the water inlet, 92 water outlet
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1の冷凍サイクル装置の構成図である。図1に示すように、本実施の形態1の冷凍サイクル装置1Aは、圧縮機2と、第1凝縮器3A,3Bと、第2凝縮器4と、膨張弁5と、蒸発器6と、アキュムレータ7とを冷媒配管により接続してなる冷媒回路を備える。冷凍サイクル装置1Aは、更に、熱媒体経路9と、第2凝縮器バイパス通路10と、流路切替弁11と、蒸発器6に送風する送風機12と、入り熱媒体温度センサ13と、冷凍サイクル装置1Aの運転を制御する制御装置50とを備える。本実施の形態1の冷凍サイクル装置1Aは、液状の熱媒体を加熱するヒートポンプとしての機能を有する。本実施の形態1での熱媒体は水であるが、本発明における熱媒体は、不凍液、ブラインなどでも良い。また、本実施の形態1の冷凍サイクル装置1Aは、給湯装置として用いられるが、本発明における冷凍サイクル装置は、給湯以外の用途(例えば暖房など)に用いる熱媒体を加熱するものにも適用可能である。なお、以下の説明では、記述を簡略化するため、比エンタルピ[kJ/kg]を単にエンタルピと称する。
(効果1)低温入水運転では、第2凝縮器4で冷媒を過冷却させ、第2凝縮器4の出口の冷媒温度を低くしてエンタルピ差を大きくすることで、COPを高くすることができる。冷媒は、その性質上、過冷却液になると流速が低くなり、熱伝達率が気液二相部に比べて低くなる。これに対し、本実施の形態1では、第2凝縮器4の冷媒流路の断面積を、第1凝縮器3A,3Bの冷媒流路の断面積より小さくしたことで、第2凝縮器4内の過冷却液の冷媒の流速の低下を抑制でき、それにより熱伝達率の低下を抑制できる。このため、低温入水運転において、第2凝縮器4での熱交換の効率を向上し、COPを更に高くすることができる。特に、本実施の形態1では、第2凝縮器4の冷媒流路の数を、第1凝縮器3A,3Bの冷媒流路の数より少なくしたことにより、第2凝縮器4での冷媒の熱伝達率の低下をより確実に抑制できる。
(効果3)図13に、R410A冷媒およびR32冷媒の圧縮機吐出温度の比較を示す。図13に示す例では、圧縮機吸入圧力を0℃でのR32の飽和蒸気圧である0.81MPaとし、圧縮機吐出圧力を空調機の設計圧力と同等の4.25MPaとし、圧縮機2に吸入される冷媒の過熱度を0Kとし、圧縮機効率を100%と仮定している。このような条件において、R410Aの圧縮機吐出温度が91℃であるのに対し、R32の圧縮機吐出温度は110℃となる。過熱度とは、蒸発温度すなわち飽和温度からの温度上昇幅である。高温入水運転では、前述のようにアキュムレータ7に余剰の冷媒液を貯留する運転となるため、圧縮機2に吸入される冷媒の過熱度が0K(もしくは0K以下)となる。圧縮機2に吸入される冷媒の過熱度が0Kになると、上記のようにR410A冷媒は圧縮機吐出温度が91℃と低くなる。このため、R410Aを冷媒に用いた場合、高温入水運転での出湯温度を高くすることが困難となる。これに対し、R32冷媒は、圧縮機2に吸入される冷媒の過熱度が0Kになっても、圧縮機吐出温度を110℃と高くすることができる。このため、冷媒にR32を用いることで、高温入水運転での出湯温度をR410A冷媒より高くすることができる。その結果、貯湯タンク21の容量が同一の場合、蓄熱量をより多くできる。本実施の形態1の冷凍サイクル装置1Aは、R32を冷媒に用い、設計圧力を空調機と同程度にした場合、出湯温度は最高で約80℃となる。したがって、貯湯タンク21の貯湯温度も最高で約80℃となる。これに対し、CO2を冷媒に用いたヒートポンプ給湯機の出湯温度は最高で約90℃であり、貯湯温度も最高で約90℃となる。このため、貯湯タンク21の容量を同一とした場合に、蓄熱量はCO2冷媒を用いたヒートポンプ給湯機の方が大きくなる。しかしながら、給湯管29から給湯端末へ供給する湯の温度は、約40~60℃であるので、貯湯温度が80℃でも問題は無い。また、本実施の形態1の冷凍サイクル装置1Aでは、入水温度が約50℃以上の高温入水運転を行う場合にも、出湯温度を80℃以上とし、且つ効率の良い運転が行える。このため、貯湯タンク21からの放熱などにより貯湯温度および蓄熱量が低下した場合には、冷凍サイクル装置1Aの高温入水運転による蓄熱運転を行うことにより、貯湯タンク21内の温度低下した湯を効率良く再加熱することができる。また、CO2の臨界温度が約31℃であるのに対して、R32の臨界温度は約78℃と高い。このため、本実施の形態1の冷凍サイクル装置1Aによれば、高温入水運転でも冷媒の凝縮潜熱を利用できるので、COPの高い運転ができる。また、貯湯温度が高すぎると、貯湯タンク21から外気への放熱が増加するため、90℃で貯湯するよりも、80℃で貯湯し、蓄熱量が低下した場合に再び蓄熱運転を行う方が熱ロスが小さくなる。なお、本発明では、R32が100%の冷媒を用いた場合だけでなく、R32を主成分とする冷媒を用いた場合にも、上述した効果と同様の効果が得られる。R32を主成分とする冷媒を用いる場合、R32の割合が70mass%以上、より好ましくは90mass%以上の冷媒を用いれば良い。
次に、図15および図16を参照して、本発明の実施の形態2について説明するが、上述した実施の形態1との相違点を中心に説明し、同一部分または相当部分は同一符号を付し説明を省略する。
次に、図17から図19を参照して、本発明の実施の形態3について説明するが、上述した実施の形態2との相違点を中心に説明し、同一部分または相当部分は同一符号を付し説明を省略する。
Rb=Grb/(Grc+Grb)×100
Δh=Δh1+Grc/(Grc+Grb)・Δh2
Claims (9)
- 冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機と、
冷媒流路および熱媒体流路を有し、前記圧縮機で圧縮された冷媒を凝縮させる第1凝縮器と、
前記第1凝縮器の前記冷媒流路より断面積が小さい冷媒流路と、熱媒体流路とを有し、前記第1凝縮器を通過した冷媒を更に凝縮させる第2凝縮器と、
冷媒を蒸発させる蒸発器と、
冷媒と熱交換する液状の熱媒体を前記第2凝縮器と前記第1凝縮器とにこの順に通過させる熱媒体経路と、
前記第2凝縮器の前記冷媒流路または前記熱媒体流路をバイパスする第2凝縮器バイパス通路と、
前記第2凝縮器バイパス通路を通る冷媒または前記熱媒体の流量であるバイパス量を可変にする流路制御要素と、
冷媒と熱交換する前の前記熱媒体の温度である入り熱媒体温度が基準温度に対して高い場合の前記バイパス量が、前記入り熱媒体温度が前記基準温度に対して低い場合の前記バイパス量に比べて大きくなるように、前記流路制御要素の動作を制御する制御手段と、
を備える冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記第2凝縮器バイパス通路は、前記第2凝縮器の前記熱媒体流路をバイパスする請求項1に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
- 前記第2凝縮器バイパス通路は、前記第2凝縮器の前記冷媒流路をバイパスする請求項1に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
- 冷媒または前記熱媒体の全流量のうち前記第2凝縮器バイパス通路を通る割合をバイパス率とし、
前記制御手段は、前記入り熱媒体温度が前記基準温度に対して低い場合の前記バイパス率を0%とする請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 冷媒または前記熱媒体の全流量のうち前記第2凝縮器バイパス通路を通る割合をバイパス率とし、
前記制御手段は、前記入り熱媒体温度が前記基準温度に対して高い場合の前記バイパス率を100%とする請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 冷媒または前記熱媒体の全流量のうち前記第2凝縮器バイパス通路を通る割合をバイパス率とし、
前記制御手段は、前記入り熱媒体温度が第1基準温度に対して低い場合には前記バイパス率を0%とし、前記入り熱媒体温度が前記第1基準温度より高い第2基準温度に対して高い場合には前記バイパス率を100%とし、前記入り熱媒体温度が前記第1基準温度と前記第2基準温度との間にある場合には前記入り熱媒体温度が高くなるにつれて前記バイパス率が連続的または段階的に高くなるように、前記流路制御要素の動作を制御する請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記第1凝縮器の前記冷媒流路は、複数に分かれており、
前記第1凝縮器の前記冷媒流路の数の前記第2凝縮器の前記冷媒流路の数に対する比が1.5~2.5である請求項1から請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記冷媒がR32、または前記冷媒の主成分がR32である請求項1から請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
- 前記入り熱媒体温度が前記基準温度に対して高い場合に冷媒回路内の冷媒が余剰になり、
前記冷媒回路内の余剰の冷媒を貯留する貯留部を備える請求項1から請求項8のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
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| JP5999274B2 (ja) * | 2013-10-17 | 2016-09-28 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
| JPWO2022230034A1 (ja) * | 2021-04-27 | 2022-11-03 |
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| DE102019126983A1 (de) * | 2019-10-08 | 2021-04-08 | Wolf Gmbh | Wärmepumpe mit Temperaturregelung und Verfahren zur Nutzung von Umgebungswärme durch eine Wärmepumpe |
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| EP3059520A1 (en) | 2016-08-24 |
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