WO2015046094A1 - 熱膨張性マイクロカプセル - Google Patents
熱膨張性マイクロカプセル Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015046094A1 WO2015046094A1 PCT/JP2014/074992 JP2014074992W WO2015046094A1 WO 2015046094 A1 WO2015046094 A1 WO 2015046094A1 JP 2014074992 W JP2014074992 W JP 2014074992W WO 2015046094 A1 WO2015046094 A1 WO 2015046094A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/32—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof from compositions containing microballoons, e.g. syntactic foams
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/16—Making expandable particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/06—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation
- B01J13/14—Polymerisation; cross-linking
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
- C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
- C08J2201/024—Preparation or use of a blowing agent concentrate, i.e. masterbatch in a foamable composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/22—Expandable microspheres, e.g. Expancel®
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2300/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
- C08J2300/22—Thermoplastic resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2300/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
- C08J2300/26—Elastomers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2333/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
- C08J2333/14—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen atoms in addition to the carboxy oxygen
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thermally expandable microcapsule that has high foaming ratio and durability at high temperature, and is less likely to cause coloring and odor when used for foam molding.
- Thermally expandable microcapsules are used in a wide range of applications as a design-imparting agent and a lightening agent, and are also used in paints for the purpose of weight reduction such as foamed ink and wallpaper.
- a heat-expandable microcapsule one in which a volatile expansion agent that becomes gaseous at a temperature below the softening point of the shell polymer is included in a thermoplastic shell polymer is widely known.
- Patent Document 1 an oily mixed liquid obtained by mixing a volatile expansion agent such as a low-boiling point aliphatic hydrocarbon with a monomer is added to an aqueous dispersion medium containing a dispersant together with an oil-soluble polymerization catalyst while stirring.
- a method for producing thermally expandable microcapsules encapsulating a volatile swelling agent by performing suspension polymerization is disclosed.
- the heat-expandable microcapsules obtained by this method can be thermally expanded by gasification of a volatile expansion agent at a relatively low temperature of about 80 to 130 ° C., they expand when heated at a high temperature or for a long time. There has been a problem that the expansion ratio is reduced by the escape of gas from the microcapsules. In addition, due to problems with heat resistance and strength of the thermally expandable microcapsules, a phenomenon called “sag” has occurred and sometimes collapsed at high temperatures.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a thermally expandable microcapsule using as a shell a polymer obtained by polymerizing a monomer containing a carboxyl group and a monomer having a group that reacts with the carboxyl group.
- the three-dimensional cross-linking density is increased, so that even when the shell after foaming is very thin, it exhibits a strong resistance to shrinkage, and the heat resistance is drastically improved.
- the formation of strong three-dimensional crosslinks at the time of polymerization inhibits expansion during foaming, and the expansion ratio is still insufficient.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a thermally expandable microcapsule that has high expansion ratio and durability at high temperature, and is less likely to be colored or smelled when used for foam molding.
- the present invention relates to a thermally expandable microcapsule in which a volatile expansion agent is encapsulated as a core agent in a polymer shell, wherein the shell is a nitrile monomer and a compound having a glycidyl group in the molecule
- the gel fraction at normal temperature is x, 180 ° C.
- the gel fraction when heated for 30 minutes is y
- y is 50% or more.
- a thermally expandable microcapsule having y / x of 1.1 or more.
- the present inventors polymerized a monomer composition containing a nitrile monomer in a thermally expandable microcapsule in the presence of a compound having a glycidyl group in the molecule, and heated the gel at room temperature and 180 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- the shell has a high gas barrier property from the vicinity of the foaming start temperature, and good thermal expansion can be obtained, and the vicinity of the maximum foaming temperature. Then, the shell was hardened, and it was found that excellent durability was obtained with no sag, and the present invention was completed.
- the shell made of the above polymer has a gel fraction at room temperature of x, 180 ° C., and a gel fraction of 30 minutes of heating when y is 50%, and y / x is 1 .1 or more.
- y 50% or more, the shell is less likely to contract or rupture when expanded, so that heat resistance and durability are improved, and y / x is 1.1 or more. If it exists, since the shell in the vicinity of the expansion start temperature from room temperature is flexible, the expansion ratio becomes high, and the shell after expansion has high strength, so that heat resistance and durability are good.
- the y is preferably 60 to 90%, and the y / x is preferably 1.2 to 5.0.
- the polymer constituting the shell preferably has a crosslinking degree (A) of 50% by weight or more when heated at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- A crosslinking degree
- the degree of crosslinking (A) is more preferably 55 to 74% by weight, still more preferably 72 to 74% by weight.
- the degree of crosslinking is the weight ratio of undissolved material in the polymer constituting the shell of the thermally expandable microcapsule when mixed with a solvent to the weight of the shell of the thermally expandable microcapsule before heating (% by weight). ).
- the solvent N, N-dimethylformamide which is a solvent for dissolving the polymer constituting the shell is used.
- degree of crosslinking when heated at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes means the degree of crosslinking after continuous heating at a constant temperature of 140 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- the polymer constituting the shell preferably has a degree of crosslinking (B) of 75% by weight or more when heated at 210 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- the degree of crosslinking (B) is 75% by weight or more, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of sag in the thermally expandable microcapsules even when the thermal expansion is maximized.
- the degree of crosslinking (B) is more preferably 85 to 100% by weight.
- the polymer constituting the shell preferably has a ratio of B to A (B / A) of 1.2 to 1.8.
- B / A the crosslinking of the shell can be sufficiently progressed, and it is difficult for the heat-expandable microcapsule to sag, and the (B / A) is 1.8.
- the shell does not become too hard, and sufficient thermal expansion can be obtained.
- the more preferable lower limit of (B / A) is 1.3, and the more preferable upper limit is 1.6.
- the difference (BA) between the crosslinking degree (A) and the crosslinking degree (B) is preferably 5 to 50% by weight.
- the above (BA) is 5% by weight or more, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of sag in the thermally expandable microcapsules, and to maintain the constant temperature retention at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes. it can.
- the expansion ratio can be sufficiently increased. More preferably, it is 18 to 40% by weight, and still more preferably 22 to 35% by weight.
- the difference is 20 to 24% by weight, it is possible to obtain heat resistance and durability in addition to the constant temperature retention at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- the polymer constituting the shell preferably exhibits an exotherm at 140 to 210 ° C. in the differential scanning calorimetry curve.
- the differential scanning calorimetry curve shows the exotherm at 140 to 210 ° C.” means that the starting point is the calorific value at 140 ° C. and the calorific value at 210 ° C. as the end point in the differential scanning calorimetry curve.
- the temperature indicating the maximum calorific value at the inflection point is also referred to as the exothermic temperature in the differential scanning calorimetry curve.
- the polymer constituting the shell exhibits an exotherm at 150 to 210 ° C. in the differential scanning calorimetry curve.
- the preferred lower limit of the storage elastic modulus (X) of the polymer constituting the shell at a temperature of 140 ° C. and a frequency of 10 Hz is 1 ⁇ 10 6 Pa, and the preferred upper limit is 1 ⁇ 10 7 Pa.
- the storage elastic modulus (X) is 1 ⁇ 10 6 Pa or more, the flexibility of the shell can be maintained and the thermal expansibility is further improved.
- the storage elastic modulus (X) is less than 1 ⁇ 10 6 Pa, the shell network easily spreads at the start of thermal expansion, and it is difficult to increase the expansion ratio by releasing volatile components to the outside of the shell. May be. Moreover, heat resistance may fall.
- the storage elastic modulus (X) exceeds 1 ⁇ 10 7 Pa, the elongation of the shell is deteriorated, and it may be difficult to increase the thermal expansion ratio.
- a more preferable lower limit of the storage elastic modulus (X) is 4.5 ⁇ 10 6 Pa, and a more preferable upper limit is 6.0 ⁇ 10 6 Pa.
- the preferred lower limit of the storage elastic modulus (Y) of the polymer constituting the shell at a temperature of 210 ° C. and a frequency of 10 Hz is 1 ⁇ 10 8 Pa, and the preferred upper limit is 1 ⁇ 10 9 Pa.
- the storage elastic modulus (Y) is 1 ⁇ 10 8 Pa or more, the shell is hardened, and the shell can be prevented from being broken due to shear during melt kneading during molding, thereby obtaining a stable molded body. Can do. Sufficient durability can be provided as the storage elastic modulus (Y) is 1 ⁇ 10 8 Pa or more. Also, the low temperature retention can be improved.
- the storage elastic modulus (X) When the storage elastic modulus (X) is 1 ⁇ 10 9 Pa or less, the shell does not become too hard and the strength of the shell can be made sufficient. A more preferable lower limit of the storage elastic modulus (X) is 1.3 ⁇ 10 8 Pa, and a more preferable upper limit is 5.5 ⁇ 10 8 Pa.
- the storage elastic modulus (X) and (Y) of the shell at the temperatures of 140 ° C. and 210 ° C. and the frequency of 10 Hz are determined by using only the shell constituting the thermally expandable microcapsule of the present invention as a sheet-like test piece. It can be measured by a tension method using a viscoelasticity measuring device.
- the thermally expandable microcapsule of the present invention has a ratio (Y / X) of the storage elastic modulus (X) of the polymer constituting the shell at 140 ° C. and 10 Hz to the storage elastic modulus (Y) of the shell at 210 ° C. and 10 Hz. ) Is preferably 100, and a preferable upper limit is 1500.
- a preferable upper limit is 1500.
- the more preferable lower limit of (Y / X) is 120, the more preferable upper limit is 1000, and the more preferable upper limit is 500.
- the thermally expandable microcapsule of the present invention has a structure in which a volatile expansion agent is included as a core agent in a shell made of a polymer.
- a volatile expansion agent is included as a core agent in a shell made of a polymer.
- the monomer composition for forming the polymer contains a nitrile monomer.
- the resulting heat-expandable microcapsules have high heat resistance and gas barrier properties.
- the nitrile monomer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, ⁇ -chloroacrylonitrile, ⁇ -ethoxyacrylonitrile, fumaronitrile, or a mixture thereof. Of these, acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile are particularly preferred. These may be used independently and 2 or more types may be used together.
- the content of the nitrile monomer in the monomer composition is preferably 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total monomer component, and 99 parts by weight with respect to the preferred upper limit.
- the content of the nitrile monomer is 50 parts by weight or more, the gas barrier property can be improved, and the expansion ratio can be sufficient.
- the amount is 99 parts by weight or less, other components can be sufficiently contained, and the effect obtained by bonding a carboxyl group, an amide group, and a glycidyl group at the time of heat foaming can be sufficiently exhibited.
- a more preferred lower limit is 60 parts by weight, and a more preferred upper limit is 95 parts by weight.
- the monomer composition for forming the polymer contains a compound having a glycidyl group in the molecule.
- the compound having a glycidyl group in the molecule cures not at the time of polymerization of the monomer composition but at the time of heat expansion of the thermally expandable microcapsule, so that the expansion at the time of expansion is not hindered and the expansion ratio is increased. Can do.
- the compound having a glycidyl group in the molecule may constitute a shell polymer as a monomer, and may not be a polymer but contained in the shell. .
- the compound having a glycidyl group in the molecule is preferably a compound having at least one polymerizable unsaturated bond in the molecule.
- the polymerizable group is incorporated into the main chain of the shell polymer, so that the hardenability at the time of heat expansion of the thermally expandable microcapsule becomes stronger. Therefore, the heat resistance and durability can be greatly improved.
- numerator what has two or more glycidyl groups in a molecule
- Examples of the compound having a glycidyl group in the molecule include a glycidyl group-containing monomer and an epoxy resin.
- a glycidyl group containing monomer means the monomer which has a glycidyl group and a radically polymerizable double bond.
- an epoxy resin is a compound which has two or more oxirane rings (epoxy group) in a molecule
- Examples of the glycidyl group-containing monomer include epoxy (meth) acrylate.
- Epoxy (meth) acrylates include glycidyl methacrylate, glycidyl acrylate, allyl glycidyl ether, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate glycidyl ether, phenol type epoxy diacrylate, allyl alcohol type epoxy diacrylate, and 1,6-hexanediol type epoxy diacrylate.
- epoxy resin examples include bisphenol A type epoxy resin (jER-828: manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resin (YX-8000: manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), and bisphenol F type epoxy resin (jER-). 807: manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), phenol novolac type epoxy resin (jER-152: manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), cresol novolac type epoxy resin (N-660: manufactured by DIC Corporation), biphenyl type epoxy resin (YX-4000: Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) Dicyclopentadiene type epoxy resin (HP-7200L: manufactured by DIC), aminophenol type epoxy resin (jER-630: manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), and the like.
- ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether diethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, cyclohexanedimethanol diglycidyl ether, triethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol di Glycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane polyglycidyl ethers may be used.
- the repeating number of the oxyethylene part of the polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether is not particularly limited.
- Polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether can be used.
- the number of repetitions of the oxypropylene portion of the polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether is not particularly limited.
- a compound having two or more glycidyl ether structures in the molecule may be used.
- Examples of the compound having two or more glycidyl ether structures in the molecule include, for example, polyglycidyl ether of a compound obtained by adding 0 to 1 mol of epichlorohydrin to 1 mol of glycerin and a mixture thereof, or epichlorohydrin to 1 mol of ethylene glycol. Also included are polyglycidyl ethers of compounds to which 0 to 2 moles have been added and mixtures thereof.
- numerator in the said monomer composition is 0.1 weight% with respect to the whole monomer composition, and a preferable upper limit is 20 weight%.
- a preferable upper limit is 20 weight%.
- the content of the compound having a glycidyl group in the molecule is 0.1% by weight or more, good thermosetting characteristics can be exhibited at the time of heat foaming.
- the content of the compound having a glycidyl group in the molecule is 20% by weight or less, the gas barrier property of the shell is not reduced, and inhibition of foaming can be suppressed.
- a more preferred lower limit is 0.5% by weight, and a more preferred upper limit is 10% by weight.
- the monomer composition preferably contains a hydroxyl group-containing monomer having a radical polymerizable double bond and a hydroxyl group in addition to the nitrile monomer.
- hydroxyl group-containing monomer examples include 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl ( (Meth) acrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl (meth) acrylate, 8-hydroxyoctyl (meth) acrylate, 10-hydroxydecyl (meth) acrylate, 12-hydroxylauryl (meth) acrylate, (4-hydroxymethylcyclohexyl) methyl Acrylate, vinyl alcohol, allyl alcohol, 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether, 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, diethylene glycol monovinyl ether, pentaerythritol tri ) Acrylate, pentaerythritol di (meth) acrylate monostearate, isocyanuric acid ethylene oxide modified di (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxyprop
- a hydroxyl group-containing alkyl (meth) acrylate is preferable.
- a hydroxyl group-containing monomer having 1 radical polymerizable double bond is preferred.
- 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate and 2-hydroxybutyl methacrylate are preferable.
- the preferable lower limit of the content of the hydroxyl group-containing monomer in the monomer composition is 0.1 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of all monomer components, and the preferable upper limit is 20 parts by weight.
- the content of the hydroxyl group-containing monomer is 0.1 parts by weight or more, the effect obtained by bonding with the polyfunctional reactive compound at the time of heating and foaming can be made sufficient, and the content is 20 parts by weight or less. And the gas barrier property of the shell is not inhibited, and the expansion ratio can be made sufficient.
- a more preferred lower limit is 1 part by weight, and a more preferred upper limit is 10 parts by weight.
- the compound having a glycidyl group in the molecule has two or more glycidyl groups in the molecule and has a radical polymerizable double bond. It is preferably a polyfunctional reactive compound that does not.
- the polyfunctional reactive compound include bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, phenol novolac type epoxy resin, cresol novolac type epoxy resin, dicyclopentadiene type epoxy resin, glycidylamine type epoxy resin, aminophenol type epoxy resin Epoxy resins such as resins are preferred.
- the ratio of the polyfunctional reactive compound to the hydroxyl group-containing monomer is preferably 1 or more (hydroxyl group-containing monomer / polyfunctional reactive compound ⁇ 1). By setting it as the said range, it becomes possible to reduce the unreacted part of a polyfunctional reactive compound, and to exhibit sclerosis
- the combination of the polyfunctional reactive compound and the hydroxyl group-containing monomer includes, in particular, an epoxy resin, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth). A combination with a compound selected from acrylate and 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate is preferred.
- the monomer composition for forming the polymer preferably contains a monomer having an amide group.
- the resulting heat-expandable microcapsule binds the amide group and the compound having the glycidyl group in the molecule described above by heat during foaming by heating. Therefore, the heat resistance and durability can be further improved.
- Examples of the monomer having an amide group include (meth) acrylamide, N-substituted (meth) acrylamide, N, N-substituted (meth) acrylamide, N-vinylamide and the like.
- Examples of the (meth) acrylamide include acrylamide and methacrylamide.
- N-substituted (meth) acrylamide examples include N-methylolacrylamide, N-methylolmethacrylamide, N-methoxymethylacrylamide, N-isopropoxymethylacrylamide, N-butoxymethylacrylamide, N-isobutoxymethylacrylamide, Examples thereof include N-octyloxymethyl acrylamide, N-carboxymethyleneoxymethyl acrylamide, and isopropyl acrylamide.
- N, N-substituted (meth) acrylamide examples include dimethylacrylamide, diethylacrylamide, dimethylaminopropylacrylamide and the like.
- N-vinylamide examples include N-vinylacetamide.
- N-substituted (meth) acrylamide or N N-substituted (meth) acrylamide is used as the monomer having an amide group
- the number of carbon atoms of the substituent on nitrogen is preferably 1 to 4, more preferably nitrogen.
- the number of carbon atoms of the above substituent is 1-2.
- acrylamide and methacrylamide are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of high heat resistance and gas barrier properties.
- the content of the monomer having an amide group in the monomer composition is preferably 0.9% by weight and preferably 20% by weight with respect to 100% by weight of the total monomer composition.
- the content of the monomer having an amide group is 0.9% by weight or more, the effect obtained by bonding with the compound having a glycidyl group in the molecule at the time of heat foaming is further improved.
- the content of the monomer having an amide group is 20% by weight or less, induction of particle aggregation during polymerization can be suppressed.
- a more preferred lower limit is 2% by weight, a more preferred upper limit is 18% by weight, a particularly preferred lower limit is 3% by weight, and a particularly preferred upper limit is 15% by weight.
- the content ratio of the monomer having an amide group to the compound having a glycidyl group in the molecule has a preferable lower limit of 1.5 and a preferable upper limit of 12.
- the content of the monomer having an amide group with respect to the compound having a glycidyl group in the molecule is within the above range, the effect obtained by bonding with the compound having the glycidyl group in the molecule at the time of heat foaming is further increased. It becomes good.
- the monomer composition preferably further contains a crosslinkable monomer having two or more double bonds in the molecule.
- the crosslinkable monomer has a role as a crosslinking agent. By containing the crosslinkable monomer, the strength of the shell can be enhanced, and the cell wall is less likely to break during thermal expansion.
- the crosslinkable monomer having two or more double bonds in the molecule does not contain a compound having a glycidyl group in the molecule.
- crosslinkable monomer examples include monomers having two or more radical polymerizable double bonds. Specific examples include divinylbenzene, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, and triethylene glycol.
- trifunctional ones such as trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate and bifunctional (meth) acrylates such as polyethylene glycol are relatively uniformly crosslinked in the shell mainly composed of acrylonitrile. Since the microcapsules that have been applied and thermally expanded even in a high temperature region exceeding 200 ° C. are difficult to contract and easily maintain the expanded state, a so-called “sag” phenomenon can be suppressed and is preferably used.
- the minimum with preferable content of the said crosslinkable monomer in the said monomer composition is 0.1 weight%, and a preferable upper limit is 3.0 weight%.
- a preferable upper limit is 3.0 weight%.
- the minimum with preferable content of the said crosslinkable monomer is 0.15 weight%, and a preferable upper limit is 2.0 weight%.
- the monomer composition may be copolymerized with the nitrile monomer or the like.
- a monomer hereinafter, also simply referred to as another monomer
- the other monomers are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the properties required for the thermally expandable microcapsules to be obtained.
- methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, dicyclohexane examples include acrylic acid esters such as pentenyl acrylate, methacrylates such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, and isobornyl methacrylate, vinyl monomers such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl acetate, and styrene. . These may be used independently and 2 or more types may be used together.
- the content of the other monomer in the monomer composition is not particularly limited, but a preferable upper limit with respect to 100% by weight of the total monomer composition is 40% by weight.
- the content of the other monomer is 40% by weight or less, the content of the nitrile monomer can be sufficient, and the resulting heat-expandable microcapsule has good heat resistance and gas barrier properties. At high temperatures, it is difficult to rupture and shrink and can be foamed at a high expansion ratio.
- the content of the monomer having a carboxyl group is preferably 0.001 part by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total monomer components, and it is particularly preferable that the monomer composition does not contain a monomer having a carboxyl group.
- the residual monomer of the monomer having the carboxyl group mainly promotes oxidative degradation of the base resin used for molding, so the molded product is colored yellowish brown. In some cases, the residual monomer volatilizes due to heating during molding, and an irritating odor peculiar to acid spreads, which may adversely affect the working environment.
- Examples of the monomer having a carboxyl group include unsaturated monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, crotonic acid, and cinnamic acid, and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, and citraconic acid. An acid etc. are mentioned. These salts and anhydrides are also included.
- the polymerization initiator is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include dialkyl peroxide, diacyl peroxide, peroxyester, peroxydicarbonate, and azo compound.
- the dialkyl peroxide is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include methyl ethyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, isobutyl peroxide and the like.
- the diacyl peroxide is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include benzoyl peroxide, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl peroxide, and the like.
- the peroxy ester is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include t-butyl peroxypivalate, t-hexyl peroxypivalate, t-butyl peroxyneodecanoate, t-hexyl peroxyneodecanoate, 1- Cyclohexyl-1-methylethylperoxyneodecanoate, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutylperoxyneodecanoate, cumylperoxyneodecanoate, ( ⁇ , ⁇ -bis-neodecanoylper And oxy) diisopropylbenzene.
- the peroxydicarbonate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include bis (4-t-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate, di-n-propyl-peroxydicarbonate, diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, and di (2-ethylethyl). Peroxy) dicarbonate, dimethoxybutyl peroxydicarbonate, di (3-methyl-3-methoxybutylperoxy) dicarbonate, and the like.
- the azo compound is not particularly limited.
- 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile 2,2′-azobis (4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2′-azobis ( 2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 1,1′-azobis (1-cyclohexanecarbonitrile) and the like.
- the monomer composition may further contain a stabilizer, an ultraviolet absorber, an antioxidant, an antistatic agent, a flame retardant, a silane coupling agent, a colorant, and the like.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer obtained by polymerizing the monomer composition as described above is not particularly limited, but the preferable lower limit is 100,000 and the preferable upper limit is 2 million.
- the weight average molecular weight is 100,000 or more, the resulting heat-expandable microcapsules have good shell strength, are unlikely to burst and shrink at high temperatures, and can be foamed at a high expansion ratio.
- the weight average molecular weight is 2 million or less, the thermally expandable microcapsules obtained do not have too high shell strength, and can have good foaming performance.
- the thermally expandable microcapsule of the present invention includes a volatile expansion agent as a core agent.
- the volatile swelling agent refers to a substance that becomes gaseous at a temperature below the softening point of the shell.
- volatile swelling agent examples include low molecular weight carbonization such as ethane, ethylene, propane, propene, n-butane, isobutane, butene, isobutene, n-pentane, isopentane, neopentane, n-hexane, heptane, and petroleum ether.
- low molecular weight carbonization such as ethane, ethylene, propane, propene, n-butane, isobutane, butene, isobutene, n-pentane, isopentane, neopentane, n-hexane, heptane, and petroleum ether.
- examples thereof include hydrogen, chlorofluorocarbons such as CCl3F, CCl2F2, CClF3, and CClF2-CClF2, tetraalkylsilanes such as tetramethylsilane, trimethylethylsi
- isobutane, n-butane, n-pentane, isopentane, n-hexane, petroleum ether, and mixtures thereof are preferred.
- These volatile swelling agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the heat-expandable microcapsule of the present invention it is preferable to use a low-boiling hydrocarbon having 10 or less carbon atoms among the above-described volatile expansion agents.
- a hydrocarbon having 10 or less carbon atoms among the above-described volatile expansion agents.
- thermally expandable microcapsule having a high expansion ratio and promptly starting foaming.
- thermal decomposition type compound which thermally decomposes by heating and becomes a gaseous state as a volatile expansion
- the preferred lower limit of the content of the volatile swelling agent used as the core agent is 10% by weight, and the preferred upper limit is 25% by weight.
- the thickness of the shell varies depending on the content of the core agent, but if the core agent content is reduced and the shell becomes too thick, the foaming performance is reduced, and if the core agent content is increased, the shell strength is reduced. To do.
- the content of the core agent is 10 to 25% by weight, it is possible to achieve both prevention of sag of the thermally expandable microcapsule and improvement of foaming performance.
- the maximum foaming temperature (Tmax) of the thermally expandable microcapsule of the present invention is not particularly limited, but a preferable lower limit is 200 ° C.
- a preferable lower limit is 200 ° C.
- the maximum foaming temperature is 200 ° C. or higher, the heat-expandable microcapsules have good heat resistance, are not easily ruptured and shrunk at high temperatures, and can be foamed at a high foaming ratio.
- the maximum foaming temperature is 200 ° C. or higher, for example, when producing a master batch pellet using a thermally expandable microcapsule, foaming does not occur due to the shearing force at the time of pellet production, and unfoamed Master batch pellets can be produced stably.
- a more preferable lower limit of the maximum foaming temperature of the thermally expandable microcapsule is 210 ° C.
- the maximum foaming temperature means the temperature at which the thermally expandable microcapsule reaches the maximum displacement when the diameter is measured while heating the thermally expandable microcapsule from room temperature. .
- a preferable upper limit of the foaming start temperature is 200 ° C.
- the foaming start temperature is 200 ° C. or lower, the foaming ratio can be improved even in the case of injection molding.
- the minimum with said preferable foaming start temperature is 130 degreeC, and a more preferable upper limit is 180 degreeC.
- the volume average particle diameter of the thermally expandable microcapsule of the present invention is not particularly limited, but a preferable lower limit is 10 ⁇ m and a preferable upper limit is 50 ⁇ m.
- a preferable lower limit is 10 ⁇ m and a preferable upper limit is 50 ⁇ m.
- the volume average particle size is 10 ⁇ m or more, for example, even when thermally expandable microcapsules are blended into a matrix resin and molded, the foamed molded article has sufficiently large air bubbles and is sufficiently lightened. be able to.
- the volume average particle diameter is 50 ⁇ m or less, for example, even when a thermally expandable microcapsule is blended with a matrix resin and molded, the foam of the resulting foamed molded article does not become too large, and the strength is sufficiently maintained. Can do.
- the volume average particle diameter has a more preferable lower limit of 15 ⁇ m and a more preferable upper limit of 40 ⁇ m.
- the method for producing the thermally expandable microcapsule of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, a step of preparing an aqueous dispersion medium, a nitrile monomer in the aqueous dispersion medium, and a compound having a glycidyl group in the molecule A polymer obtained by polymerizing the monomer composition by performing a step of dispersing the oil-based mixture containing the monomer composition containing the volatile swelling agent and a step of polymerizing the monomer composition. Examples of the method include obtaining a thermally expandable microcapsule that contains a volatile expansion agent as a core agent in the contained shell.
- an aqueous dispersion medium containing the dispersion stabilizer is prepared by adding water, a dispersion stabilizer, and, if necessary, an auxiliary stabilizer to the polymerization reaction vessel. Moreover, you may add alkali metal nitrite, stannous chloride, stannic chloride, potassium dichromate, etc. to the said aqueous dispersion medium as needed.
- the dispersion stabilizer is not particularly limited.
- silica calcium phosphate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, ferric hydroxide, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, sodium sulfate, calcium oxalate, calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate, carbonate
- Examples include barium and magnesium carbonate.
- the auxiliary stabilizer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a condensation product of diethanolamine and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, a condensation product of urea and formaldehyde, a water-soluble nitrogen-containing compound, polyethylene oxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, gelatin, Examples include methyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sorbitan ester, and various emulsifiers.
- the water-soluble nitrogen-containing compound is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine, polyoxyethylene alkylamine, polydialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylate represented by polydimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and polydimethylaminoethyl acrylate, Examples thereof include polydialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylamides represented by polydimethylaminopropylacrylamide and polydimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide, polyacrylamide, polycationic acrylamide, polyamine sulfone, and polyallylamine. Of these, polyvinylpyrrolidone is preferred.
- the combination of the dispersion stabilizer and the auxiliary stabilizer is not particularly limited.
- a combination of colloidal silica and a condensation product a combination of colloidal silica and a water-soluble nitrogen-containing compound, magnesium hydroxide or calcium phosphate and an emulsifier. And the like.
- a combination of colloidal silica and a condensation product is preferable, and the condensation product is preferably a condensation product of diethanolamine and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, a condensation product of diethanolamine and adipic acid, diethanolamine and A condensation product with itaconic acid is particularly preferred.
- the amount of colloidal silica added is not particularly limited and can be appropriately determined depending on the particle size of the target thermally expandable microcapsule, but is preferably based on 100 parts by weight of the total monomer components.
- the lower limit is 1 part by weight
- the preferred upper limit is 20 parts by weight
- the more preferred lower limit is 2 parts by weight
- the more preferred upper limit is 10 parts by weight.
- the addition amount of the condensation product or the water-soluble nitrogen-containing compound is not particularly limited, and the target thermally expandable microcapsule Although it can be determined appropriately depending on the particle size, the preferred lower limit with respect to 100 parts by weight of all monomer components is 0.05 parts by weight, and the preferred upper limit is 2 parts by weight.
- an inorganic salt such as sodium chloride or sodium sulfate may be further added to the aqueous dispersion medium.
- an inorganic salt such as sodium chloride or sodium sulfate
- the amount of the inorganic salt added is not particularly limited, but the preferable upper limit with respect to 100 parts by weight of all monomer components is 100 parts by weight.
- the aqueous dispersion medium is prepared by blending the dispersion stabilizer and the auxiliary stabilizer with deionized water, and the pH of the deionized water is appropriately determined according to the type of the dispersion stabilizer and auxiliary stabilizer used.
- Can do For example, when silica such as colloidal silica is used as the dispersion stabilizer, an acid such as hydrochloric acid is added as necessary to adjust the pH of the system to 3 to 4, and polymerization can be performed under acidic conditions in the steps described later. Done.
- magnesium hydroxide or calcium phosphate is used as the dispersion stabilizer, the system is adjusted to be alkaline, and polymerization is performed under alkaline conditions in the steps described later.
- an oily mixed liquid containing the monomer composition, the polyfunctional reactive compound, and the volatile swelling agent is then dispersed in the aqueous dispersion medium.
- the monomer composition, the polyfunctional reactive compound, and the volatile swelling agent may be separately added to the aqueous dispersion medium to prepare the oily mixture in the aqueous dispersion medium.
- both are mixed in advance to form an oily mixture, and then added to the aqueous dispersion medium.
- the oily mixed liquid is dispersed in the aqueous dispersion medium
- a polymerization initiator is used to polymerize the monomer in the monomer composition.
- the polymerization initiator may be added to the oily mixture in advance, and the aqueous dispersion medium, the oily mixture, May be added after stirring and mixing in the polymerization reaction vessel.
- the oily mixture is emulsified and dispersed in the aqueous dispersion medium with a predetermined particle size.
- the method of emulsifying and dispersing is not particularly limited. For example, a method of stirring with a homomixer (for example, manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.) or the like, a method of passing through a static dispersing device such as a line mixer or an element type static dispersing device. Etc.
- the aqueous dispersion medium and the oily mixed liquid may be separately supplied to the static dispersion apparatus, or a dispersion liquid that has been mixed and stirred in advance may be supplied.
- a step of polymerizing the monomer composition is then performed.
- the method for polymerizing is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method for polymerizing the monomer composition by heating.
- the heat containing the volatile expansion agent as the core agent in the shell containing the polymer obtained by polymerizing the monomer composition containing the nitrile monomer and the hydroxyl group-containing monomer and the polyfunctional reactive compound is obtained.
- the obtained thermally expandable microcapsules may be subsequently subjected to a dehydration step, a drying step, and the like.
- the use of the heat-expandable microcapsule of the present invention is not particularly limited, for example, by blending the heat-expandable microcapsule of the present invention into a matrix resin and molding it using a molding method such as injection molding or extrusion molding, A foamed molded article having heat insulation, heat insulation, sound insulation, sound absorption, vibration insulation, weight reduction, etc. can be produced.
- the heat-expandable microcapsule of the present invention is suitably applied to foam molding having a step of heating at a high temperature because it can hardly foam and shrink even at a high temperature and can be foamed at a high expansion ratio.
- Master batch pellets in which a matrix resin such as a thermoplastic resin is added to the thermally expandable microcapsules of the present invention are molded using a molding method such as injection molding, and the above thermally expandable microcapsules are formed by heating during molding.
- a foamed molded product can be produced by foaming.
- Such a masterbatch is also one aspect of the present invention.
- thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- general thermoplastic resins such as polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polypropylene, polypropylene oxide, and polyethylene; polybutylene terephthalate, nylon, Engineering plastics such as polycarbonate and polyethylene terephthalate are listed.
- thermoplastic elastomers such as ethylene, vinyl chloride, olefin, urethane, and ester may be used, or these resins may be used in combination.
- the amount of thermally expandable microcapsules added to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin is 0.5 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight.
- chemical foaming agents such as sodium hydrogencarbonate (bicarbonate) and ADCA (azo type).
- the method for producing the master batch pellet is not particularly limited.
- a matrix resin such as a thermoplastic resin and raw materials such as various additives are kneaded in advance using a same-direction twin-screw extruder or the like.
- a foaming agent such as the thermal expansion microcapsule of the present invention
- a master batch pellet in the form of a pellet may be manufactured by kneading a matrix resin such as a thermoplastic resin or a raw material such as a thermally expandable microcapsule with a batch kneader and then granulating with a granulator.
- the kneader is not particularly limited as long as it can knead without destroying the thermally expandable microcapsules, and examples thereof include a pressure kneader and a Banbury mixer.
- Microcapsules can be provided. Further, according to the present invention, when used for foam molding, it is possible to obtain a molded body excellent in appearance without causing coloring or white spots of the molded body, and it is difficult to generate odor during foam molding, such as a scale. Since adhesion of impurities can be reduced, it is possible to provide a thermally expandable microcapsule that can suppress a decrease in workability. In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a foamable thermoplastic resin master batch, a foamed molded article, and a method for producing the thermally expandable microcapsule using the thermally expandable microcapsule.
- Examples 1 to 26, Comparative Examples 1 to 21 In a polymerization reaction vessel, 250 parts by weight of water, 25 parts by weight of colloidal silica (20% by weight, manufactured by Asahi Denka Co., Ltd.) and 0.8 parts by weight of polyvinylpyrrolidone (manufactured by BASF) as a dispersion stabilizer, 1.8% by weight of 1N hydrochloric acid The aqueous dispersion medium was prepared.
- the monomer composition, the volatile swelling agent, and the polymerization initiator 0.8 parts by weight of 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2′-azobis having the mixing ratios shown in Tables 1 to 4
- An oily mixture consisting of (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (0.6 parts by weight) was added to an aqueous dispersion medium and suspended therein to prepare a dispersion.
- the obtained dispersion was stirred and mixed with a homogenizer, charged into a nitrogen-substituted pressure polymerization vessel, and pressurized (0.5 MPa) at 60 ° C. for 6 hours and at 80 ° C.
- Examples 6 to 26 In Comparative Examples 5 to 21, the reaction product was obtained by reaction at 60 ° C. for 20 hours. The obtained reaction product was repeatedly filtered and washed with water, and then dried to obtain thermally expandable microcapsules.
- the thermally expandable microcapsule was weighed in a 0.1 g aluminum cup and heated in a hot air oven at 210 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- 0.1 g (c [g]) of the heated sample and 20.0 g of N, N-dimethylformamide were weighed in a glass test tube and heated at 75 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the degree of crosslinking (B) after 30 minutes at 210 ° C. was calculated from the following formula.
- Crosslink degree after 210 minutes at 210 ° C. (B) (d / c) ⁇ 100 (%) (Calculation of B / A) (B / A) was calculated from the obtained degree of crosslinking (A) after 30 minutes at 140 ° C. and the degree of crosslinking (B) after 30 minutes at 210 ° C.
- the sheet-like sample was cut into a size of 30 mm ⁇ 5 mm, and heated at a temperature increase rate of 10 Hz and 5 ° C./min using DVA-200 (manufactured by IT Measurement Control Co., Ltd.).
- the storage elastic modulus (X) at a frequency of 10 Hz and the storage elastic modulus (Y) at a temperature of 210 ° C. and a frequency of 10 Hz were measured.
- (Y / X) was calculated.
- DSC Different Scanning Thermal Analysis
- 0.5 g of the obtained thermally expandable microcapsules and 30.0 g of N, N-dimethylformamide were weighed in a glass test tube and heated at 75 ° C. for 24 hours. After heating, it was poured into an aluminum cup and preliminarily dried by heating in a hot air oven at 50 ° C. for 24 hours. After the preliminary drying, vacuum drying was performed for 48 hours with a 75 ° C. vacuum dryer, and the polymer constituting the shell was used as a sheet-like sample. Next, the sheet-like sample was heated using DSC 6220 (manufactured by Yamato Kagaku Co., Ltd.) at a rate of temperature increase of 5 ° C./min.
- the calorific value at a temperature of 140 ° C. was the starting point, and the calorific value at a temperature of 210 ° C. was the end point.
- the starting point and the ending point are connected by a straight line, the presence or absence of an inflection point that protrudes above the straight line is checked, and the temperature at the inflection point (at the maximum heat generation) (maximum) Exothermic temperature) was measured.
- ⁇ 30 is the diameter of the thermally expandable microcapsule at 30 ° C.
- the maximum foaming ratio is less than 3 times, it is evaluated as “X”, when it is 3 times or more and less than 5 times, “ ⁇ ”, and when it is 5 times or more, it is evaluated as “XX”. did.
- thermomechanical measuring device manufactured by TA Instruments Co., Ltd.
- TMA thermomechanical measuring device
- the retention rate after 30 minutes was 70% or more.
- the case where it was 35% or more and less than 70% was evaluated as “O”
- the case where it was 10% or more and less than 35% was evaluated as “O”
- the case where it was less than 10% was evaluated as “X”.
- thermoly expandable microcapsule that has a high expansion ratio and durability at high temperatures and is less likely to cause coloring or odor when used in foam molding.
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Abstract
Description
このような熱膨張性マイクロカプセルとしては、熱可塑性シェルポリマーの中に、シェルポリマーの軟化点以下の温度でガス状になる揮発性膨張剤が内包されているものが広く知られており、例えば、特許文献1には、低沸点の脂肪族炭化水素等の揮発性膨張剤をモノマーと混合した油性混合液を、油溶性重合触媒とともに分散剤を含有する水系分散媒体中に攪拌しながら添加し懸濁重合を行うことにより、揮発性膨張剤を内包する熱膨張性マイクロカプセルを製造する方法が開示されている。
しかしながら、重合時点で強固な3次元架橋が形成されることにより、発泡時の膨張が阻害され、発泡倍率については依然として不充分であった。
以下、本発明を詳述する。
上記yが50%以上であると、膨張した際にシェルが収縮したり、破裂したりすることが少なくなるために、耐熱性、耐久性が良好となり、上記y/xが1.1以上であると、常温から膨張開始温度付近でのシェルが柔軟であるために発泡倍率が高くなり、膨張した後のシェルが高強度であるために、耐熱性、耐久性が良好となる。
なお、上記yは60~90%であることが好ましく、上記y/xは1.2~5.0であることが好ましい。
上記架橋度(A)は55~74重量%であることがより好ましく、72~74重量%であることが更に好ましい。このような範囲とすることで、200℃、30分での定温保持性、耐熱性及び耐久性を向上することが可能となる。
なお、上記架橋度は、加熱前の熱膨張性マイクロカプセルのシェルの重量に対する、溶剤と混合させた時の熱膨張マイクロカプセルのシェルを構成する重合体中における未溶解物の重量比(重量%)である。上記溶剤としては、シェルを構成する重合体を溶解する溶剤であるN,N-ジメチルホルムアミドを使用する。
また、「140℃、30分間加熱時の架橋度」とは、140℃の一定温度で30分間継続して加熱した後の架橋度をいう。
上記(B/A)が1.2以上であると、シェルの架橋を充分に進行させることができ、熱膨張性マイクロカプセルにへたりが生じにくくなり、上記(B/A)が1.8以下であると、シェルが硬くなりすぎることがなく、充分な熱膨張性を得ることができる。
上記(B/A)のより好ましい下限は1.3、より好ましい上限は1.6である。
上記(B-A)が5重量%以上であると、熱膨張性マイクロカプセルにへたりが生じることを抑えることができ、200℃、30分間での定温保持性を充分なものとすることができる。50重量%以下であると、発泡倍率を充分に高めることができる。より好ましくは18~40重量%であり、更に好ましくは22~35重量%である。また、上記差が20~24重量%であると、200℃、30分での定温保持性に加え、耐熱性及び耐久性を得ることが可能となる。
なお、「示差走査熱分析曲線において140~210℃で発熱を示す」とは、示差走査熱分析曲線において、140℃時の発熱量を始点、210℃時の発熱量を終点とした時に、始点と終点を直線で結んだ点に対して、その直線上よりも上に凸となる変曲点を示す場合をいう。上記変曲点の最大発熱量を示す温度を示差走査熱分析曲線における発熱温度ともいう。
本発明では、特に、上記シェルを構成する重合体が、示差走査熱分析曲線において150~210℃で発熱を示すことが好ましい。
上記貯蔵弾性率(X)が、1×106Pa未満であると、熱膨張開始時にシェルの網目が広がりやすくなり、揮発成分がシェル外部に放出されることで、発泡倍率を上げることが難しくなることがある。また、耐熱性が低下する場合がある。上記貯蔵弾性率(X)が1×107Paを超えると、シェルの伸びが悪くなり、熱膨張倍率を上げる事が難しくなることがある。上記貯蔵弾性率(X)のより好ましい下限は4.5×106Pa、より好ましい上限は6.0×106Paである。
上記貯蔵弾性率(Y)が、1×108Pa以上であると、充分な耐久性を付与することができる。また、低温保持性を良好にすることができる。上記貯蔵弾性率(X)が1×109Pa以下であると、シェルが硬くなりすぎることがなく、シェルの強度を充分なものとすることができる。上記貯蔵弾性率(X)のより好ましい下限は1.3×108Pa、より好ましい上限は5.5×108Paである。
なお、上記温度140℃及び210℃、周波数10Hzにおけるシェルの貯蔵弾性率(X)、(Y)は、本発明の熱膨張性マイクロカプセルを構成するシェルのみをシート状の試験片とし、動的粘弾性測定装置を用い、引張法にて測定することができる。
上記(Y/X)のより好ましい下限は120、より好ましい上限は1000、更に好ましい上限は500である。
上記ニトリル系モノマーは特に限定されず、例えば、アクリロニトリル、メタクリロニトリル、α-クロロアクリロニトリル、α-エトキシアクリロニトリル、フマルニトリル、又は、これらの混合物等が挙げられる。これらのなかでは、アクリロニトリル及びメタクリロニトリルが特に好ましい。これらは単独で用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
より好ましい下限は60重量部、より好ましい上限は95重量部である。
上記分子中にグリシジル基を有する化合物は、上記モノマー組成物の重合時ではなく、熱膨張性マイクロカプセルの加熱発泡時に硬化するため、発泡時の膨張が阻害されることなく、発泡倍率を高めることができる。
なお、上記分子中にグリシジル基を有する化合物は、モノマーとして、シェルの重合体を構成するものであってもよく、重合体を構成するものではなく、シェル中に含まれるものであってもよい。
また、上記分子中にグリシジル基を有する化合物としては、分子中にグリシジル基を2個以上有しているものが好ましい。上記分子中にグリシジル基を2個以上有することで、硬化性をより強固なものとすることができる。特に加熱発泡させる際に熱によって、カルボキシル基やアミド基とグリシジル基とがより強固に結合し、耐熱性や耐久性を大幅に向上させることができる。
なお、グリシジル基含有モノマーとは、グリシジル基及びラジカル重合性二重結合を有するモノマーをいう。
また、エポキシ樹脂とは、分子内に2つ以上のオキシラン環(エポキシ基)を有し、ラジカル重合性二重結合を有しない化合物である。
なお、ポリエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテルのオキシエチレン部分の繰り返し数は特に限定されず、例えば、オキシエチレン部分の繰り返し数が2、4、9、13又は23(n=2、4、9、13又は23)であるポリエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテルを用いることができる。また、ポリプロピレングリコールジグリシジルエーテルのオキシプロピレン部分の繰り返し数は特に限定されず、例えば、オキシプロピレン部分の繰り返し数が2、3又は11(n=2、3又は11)であるポリプロピレングリコールジグリシジルエーテルを用いることができる。
また、グリシジルエーテル構造を分子内に2個以上有する化合物を用いてもよい。
上記グリシジルエーテル構造を分子内に2個以上有する化合物として、例えば、グリセリン1モルに対してエピクロルヒドリン0~1モルを付加させた化合物のポリグリシジルエーテル及びその混合物や、エチレングリコール1モルに対してエピクロルヒドリン0~2モルを付加させた化合物のポリグリシジルエーテル及びその混合物等も挙げられる。
上記分子中にグリシジル基を有する化合物の含有量が0.1重量%以上であると、加熱発泡時に良好な熱硬化特性を発現させることができる。上記分子中にグリシジル基を有する化合物の含有量が20重量%以下であると、シェルのガスバリア性が低減することがなく、発泡の阻害を抑制することができる。より好ましい下限は0.5重量%、より好ましい上限は10重量%である。
上記水酸基含有モノマーを含有することにより、得られる熱膨張性マイクロカプセルは、加熱発泡させる際の熱によって、水酸基と後述する多官能反応性化合物とが結合するため、耐熱性や耐久性を更に向上させることが可能となる。
なかでも、水酸基含有アルキル(メタ)アクリレートが好ましい。また、ラジカル重合性二重結合の数が1の水酸基含有モノマーが好ましい。特に、2-ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-ヒドロキシブチルメタクリレートが好ましい。
より好ましい下限は1重量部、より好ましい上限は10重量部である。
上記多官能反応性化合物としては、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂、フェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、クレゾールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、ジシクロペンタジエン型エポキシ樹脂、グリシジルアミン型エポキシ樹脂、アミノフェノール型エポキシ樹脂等のエポキシ樹脂が好ましい。
また、上記多官能反応性化合物と上記水酸基含有モノマーとの組み合わせとしては、特に、エポキシ樹脂と、2-ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-ヒドロキシブチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、3-ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレートから選択される化合物との組み合わせが好ましい。
上記(メタ)アクリルアミドとしては、例えば、アクリルアミド、メタクリルアミド等が挙げられる。
上記N-置換(メタ)アクリルアミドとしては、例えば、N-メチロールアクリルアミド、N-メチロールメタアクリルアミド、N-メトキシメチルアクリルアミド、N-イソプロポキシメチルアクリルアミド、N-ブトキシメチルアクリルアミド、N-イソブトキシメチルアクリルアミド、N-オクチロキシメチルアクリルアミド、N-カルボキシメチレンオキシメチルアクリルアミド、イソプロピルアクリルアミド等が挙げられる。
上記N,N-置換(メタ)アクリルアミドとしては、例えば、ジメチルアクリルアミド、ジエチルアクリルアミド、ジメチルアミノプロピルアクリルアミド等が挙げられる。
上記N-ビニルアミドとしては、N-ビニルアセトアミド等が挙げられる。
上記アミド基を有するモノマーとして、N-置換(メタ)アクリルアミド、又は、N,N-置換(メタ)アクリルアミドを用いる場合、窒素上の置換基の炭素数は1~4が好ましく、より好ましくは窒素上の置換基の炭素数が1~2である。
上記アミド基を有するモノマーのなかでも、高い耐熱性とガスバリア性の観点から、特にアクリルアミド、メタクリルアミドが好ましい。
上記アミド基を有するモノマーの含有量が0.9重量%以上であると、加熱発泡時に上述した分子中にグリシジル基を有する化合物と結合することによって得られる効果がより一層良好となる。上記アミド基を有するモノマーの含有量が20重量%以下であると、重合時の粒子凝集の誘発を抑制することができる。より好ましい下限が2重量%、より好ましい上限が18重量%であり、特に好ましい下限が3重量%、特に好ましい上限が15重量%である。
上記アミド基を有するモノマーの分子中にグリシジル基を有する化合物に対する含有量が上記範囲内であると、加熱発泡時に上述した分子中にグリシジル基を有する化合物と結合することによって得られる効果がより一層良好となる。
上記架橋性モノマーの含有量が0.1重量以上であると、架橋剤としての効果を充分に発揮させることができ、3.0重量%以下であると、熱膨張性マイクロカプセルの発泡倍率を良好なものとすることができる。上記架橋性モノマーの含有量の好ましい下限は0.15重量%、好ましい上限は2.0重量%である。
上記他のモノマーは特に限定されず、得られる熱膨張性マイクロカプセルに必要とされる特性に応じて適宜選択することができるが、例えば、アクリル酸メチル、アクリル酸エチル、アクリル酸ブチル、ジシクロペンテニルアクリレート等のアクリル酸エステル類、メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸エチル、メタクリル酸ブチル、イソボルニルメタクリレート等のメタクリル酸エステル類、塩化ビニル、塩化ビニリデン、酢酸ビニル、スチレン等のビニルモノマー等が挙げられる。
これらは単独で用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記他のモノマーの含有量が40重量%以下であると、上記ニトリル系モノマーの含有量を充分なものとすることができ、得られる熱膨張性マイクロカプセルは、耐熱性及びガスバリア性が良好となり、高温において、破裂及び収縮を生じにくく、高発泡倍率で発泡することができる。
上記カルボキシル基を有するモノマーを含有することにより、主に、上記カルボキシル基を有するモノマーの残留モノマーが、成形に用いる基材樹脂の酸化劣化を促進するため、成形体を黄褐色に着色させてしまったり、成形時の加熱で残留モノマーが揮発し、酸特有の刺激臭が拡がることで作業環境に悪影響を及ぼしたりすることがある。
上記重合開始剤は特に限定されず、例えば、過酸化ジアルキル、過酸化ジアシル、パーオキシエステル、パーオキシジカーボネート、アゾ化合物等が挙げられる。
上記過酸化ジアルキルは特に限定されず、例えば、メチルエチルパーオキサイド、ジ-t-ブチルパーオキサイド、ジクミルパーオキサイド、イソブチルパーオキサイド等が挙げられる。
上記重量平均分子量が10万以上であると、得られる熱膨張性マイクロカプセルは、シェルの強度が良好なものとなり、高温において、破裂及び収縮を生じにくく、高発泡倍率で発泡することができる。上記重量平均分子量が200万以下であると、得られる熱膨張性マイクロカプセルは、シェルの強度が高くなりすぎず、発泡性能を良好なものとすることができる。
本明細書中、揮発性膨張剤とは、上記シェルの軟化点以下の温度で、ガス状になる物質をいう。
また、揮発性膨張剤として、加熱により熱分解してガス状になる熱分解型化合物を用いることとしてもよい。
上記シェルの厚みはコア剤の含有量によって変化するが、コア剤の含有量を減らして、シェルが厚くなり過ぎると発泡性能が低下し、コア剤の含有量を多くすると、シェルの強度が低下する。上記コア剤の含有量を10~25重量%とした場合、熱膨張性マイクロカプセルのへたり防止と発泡性能向上とを両立させることが可能となる。
なお、本明細書中、上記最大発泡温度は、熱膨張性マイクロカプセルを常温から加熱しながらその径を測定したときに、熱膨張性マイクロカプセルが最大変位量となったときの温度を意味する。
上記水溶性窒素含有化合物は特に限定されず、例えば、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリエチレンイミン、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルアミン、ポリジメチルアミノエチルメタクリレート及びポリジメチルアミノエチルアクリレートに代表されるポリジアルキルアミノアルキル(メタ)アクリレート、ポリジメチルアミノプロピルアクリルアミド及びポリジメチルアミノプロピルメタクリルアミドに代表されるポリジアルキルアミノアルキル(メタ)アクリルアミド、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリカチオン性アクリルアミド、ポリアミンサルフォン、ポリアリルアミン等が挙げられる。これらのなかでは、ポリビニルピロリドンが好ましい。
また、上記補助安定剤として上記縮合生成物又は上記水溶性窒素含有化合物を用いる場合、上記縮合生成物又は水溶性窒素含有化合物の添加量は特に限定されず、目的とする熱膨張性マイクロカプセルの粒子径により適宜決定することができるが、全モノマー成分100重量部に対する好ましい下限が0.05重量部、好ましい上限が2重量部である。
上記無機塩の添加量は特に限定されないが、全モノマー成分100重量部に対する好ましい上限は100重量部である。
この工程では、上記モノマー組成物と多官能反応性化合物と上記揮発性膨張剤とを別々に上記水性分散媒体に添加して、該水性分散媒体中で上記油性混合液を調製してもよいが、通常は、予め両者を混合して油性混合液としてから、上記水性分散媒体に添加する。この際、上記油性混合液と上記水性分散媒体とを予め別々の容器で調製しておき、別の容器で攪拌しながら混合することにより上記油性混合液を上記水性分散媒体に分散させた後、重合反応容器に添加してもよい。
なお、上記モノマー組成物中のモノマーを重合するために重合開始剤が用いられるが、上記重合開始剤は、予め上記油性混合液に添加してもよく、上記水性分散媒体と上記油性混合液とを重合反応容器内で攪拌混合した後に添加してもよい。
上記乳化分散させる方法は特に限定されず、例えば、ホモミキサー(例えば、特殊機化工業社製)等により攪拌する方法、ラインミキサー、エレメント式静止型分散器等の静止型分散装置を通過させる方法等が挙げられる。なお、上記静止型分散装置には上記水性分散媒体と上記油性混合液とを別々に供給してもよく、予め混合、攪拌した分散液を供給してもよい。
このようにして、ニトリル系モノマー及び水酸基含有モノマーを含有するモノマー組成物を重合させてなる重合体と、多官能反応性化合物とを含有するシェルに、コア剤として揮発性膨張剤を内包する熱膨張性マイクロカプセルが得られる。得られた熱膨張性マイクロカプセルは、続いて、脱水する工程、乾燥する工程等を経てもよい。
また、熱可塑性樹脂等のマトリックス樹脂や熱膨張性マイクロカプセル等の原材料をバッチ式の混練機で混練した後、造粒機で造粒することによりペレット形状のマスターバッチペレットを製造してもよい。
上記混練機としては、熱膨張性マイクロカプセルを破壊することなく混練できるものであれば特に限定されず、例えば、加圧ニーダー、バンバリーミキサー等が挙げられる。
重合反応容器に、水250重量部と、分散安定剤としてコロイダルシリカ(旭電化社製20重量%)25重量部及びポリビニルピロリドン(BASF社製)0.8重量部と、1N塩酸1.8重量部とを投入し、水性分散媒体を調製した。
次いで、表1~4に示した配合比のモノマー組成物、揮発性膨張剤、及び、重合開始剤(2,2‘-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル0.8重量部、2,2’-アゾビス(2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリル)0.6重量部)からなる油性混合物を水性分散媒体に添加し、懸濁させて、分散液を調製した。得られた分散液をホモジナイザーで攪拌混合し、窒素置換した加圧重合器内へ仕込み、加圧(0.5MPa)しながら60℃で6時間、80℃で5時間(実施例6~26、比較例5~21では60℃で20時間)反応させることにより、反応生成物を得た。得られた反応生成物について、ろ過と水洗を繰り返した後、乾燥することにより、熱膨張性マイクロカプセルを得た。
なお、分子中にグリシジル基を有する化合物としては、
ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂(jER-828:三菱化学社製、ラジカル重合性に儒結合の数:0、グリシジル基の数:2)
アミノフェノール型エポキシ樹脂(jER-630:三菱化学社製、ラジカル重合性二重結合の数:0、グリシジル基の数:3)
グリシジルメタクリレート(共栄社化学社製、ラジカル重合性二重結合の数:1、グリシジル基の数:1)
ジエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル(EX-850:ナガセケムテックス社製、グリシジル基の数:2)
を用い、
水酸基含有モノマーとしては、
2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(ラジカル重合性二重結合の数:1、水酸基の数:1)
2-ヒドロキシブチルメタクリレート(ラジカル重合性二重結合の数:1、水酸基の数:1)
を用い、
分子中に二重結合を2つ以上有するモノマーとしては、
エチレングリコールジメタクリレート(ラジカル重合性二重結合の数:2)
1,4-ブタンジオールジアクリレート(ラジカル重合性二重結合の数:2)
を用いた。
実施例、比較例で得られた熱膨張性マイクロカプセルについて、以下の評価を行った。結果を表5~8に示す。
(常温でのゲル分率)
熱膨張性マイクロカプセル0.5g(a[g])とN,N-ジメチルホルムアミド20.0gをガラス試験管に秤取り、70℃で24時間加熱した。加熱後、遠心分離機で10000rpm、15分間遠心分離し、上澄みを廃棄した。沈殿したゲルを70℃の真空乾燥機で48時間真空乾燥を行い、乾燥したゲル分の重量(b[g])を測定した。次いで、下記式から常温でのゲル分率(x)を算出した。
常温でのゲル分率(x)=(b/a)×100(%)
(180℃30分後のゲル分率)
熱膨張性マイクロカプセルを1.0gアルミカップに秤取り、180℃の熱風オーブンで30分加熱した。加熱したサンプルを0.5g(c[g])とN,N-ジメチルホルムアミド20.0gをガラス試験管に秤取り、70℃で24時間加熱した。加熱後、遠心分離機で10000rpm、15分間遠心分離し、上澄みを廃棄した。沈殿したゲルを70℃の真空乾燥機で48時間真空乾燥を行い、乾燥したゲル分の重量(d[g])を測定した。
180℃30分後のゲル分率(y)=(d/c)×100(%)
また、(y/x)を算出した。
(140℃、30分後の架橋度)
熱膨張性マイクロカプセルを0.1gアルミカップに秤取り、140℃の熱風オーブンで30分加熱した。加熱したサンプルを0.1g(a[g])とN,N-ジメチルホルムアミド20.0gをガラス試験管に秤取り、75℃で24時間加熱した。加熱後、遠心分離機で20000rpm、30分間遠心分離し、上澄みを廃棄した。沈殿した未溶解物を75℃の真空乾燥機で48時間真空乾燥を行い、乾燥した未溶解物の重量(b[g])を測定した。次いで、下記式から140℃、30分後の架橋度(A)を算出した。
140℃、30分後の架橋度(A)=(b/a)×100(%)
(210℃、30分後の架橋度)
熱膨張性マイクロカプセルを0.1gアルミカップに秤取り、210℃の熱風オーブンで30分加熱した。加熱したサンプルを0.1g(c[g])とN,N-ジメチルホルムアミド20.0gをガラス試験管に秤取り、75℃で24時間加熱した。加熱後、遠心分離機で20000rpm、30分間遠心分離し、上澄みを廃棄した。沈殿した未溶解物を75℃の真空乾燥機で48時間真空乾燥を行い、乾燥した未溶解物の重量(d[g])を測定した。次いで、下記式から210℃、30分後の架橋度(B)を算出した。
210℃、30分後の架橋度(B)=(d/c)×100(%)
(B/Aの算出)
得られた140℃、30分後の架橋度(A)と、210℃、30分後の架橋度(B)から、(B/A)を算出した。
得られた熱膨張性マイクロカプセル0.5gとN,N-ジメチルホルムアミド30.0gをガラス試験管に秤取り、75℃で24時間加熱した。加熱後、アルミカップ中に流し込み、50℃の熱風オーブンで24時間加熱予備乾燥した。予備乾燥後、75℃の真空乾燥機で48時間真空乾燥を行い、シェルを構成する重合体をシート状のサンプルとした。
次いで、シート状のサンプルを30mm×5mmの大きさに裁断し、DVA-200(アイティー計測制御社製)を用い、周波数10Hz、5℃/minの昇温速度で加熱して、温度140℃、周波数10Hzにおける貯蔵弾性率(X)、及び、温度210℃、周波数10Hzにおける貯蔵弾性率(Y)を測定した。また、(Y/X)を算出した。
得られた熱膨張性マイクロカプセル0.5gとN,N-ジメチルホルムアミド30.0gをガラス試験管に秤取り、75℃で24時間加熱した。加熱後、アルミカップ中に流し込み、50℃の熱風オーブンで24時間加熱予備乾燥した。予備乾燥後、75℃の真空乾燥機で48時間真空乾燥を行い、シェルを構成する重合体をシート状のサンプルとした。
次いで、シート状のサンプルをDSC6220(ヤマト科学社製)を用い、5℃/minの昇温速度で加熱して、温度140℃時の発熱量を始点、温度210℃時の発熱量を終点としたときの、始点と終点を直線で結んだ点に対して、その直線上よりも上に凸となる変曲点の有無を確認するとともに、変曲点(最大発熱量時)における温度(最大発熱温度)を測定した。
加熱発泡顕微装置(ジャパンハイテック社製)を用い、熱膨張性マイクロカプセルをステージに少量散布し、5℃/minで加熱を行いながら、280℃まで膨張挙動を観察した。観察画像中の任意の熱膨張性マイクロカプセル5個に対し、5℃毎にノギスを用いて直径φTを測り、各温度の平均直径φT(Ave)を得た。各温度での発泡倍率DT=φT(Ave)/φ30とし、ETが最大になる温度でのETを最大発泡倍率DTmaxとした。
ここでφ30とは30℃における熱膨張性マイクロカプセルの直径のことである。
最大発泡時の発泡倍率が3倍未満であった場合を「×」と、3倍以上5倍未満であった場合を「○」と、5倍以上であった場合を「○○」として評価した。
加熱発泡顕微装置(ジャパンハイテック社製)を用い、発泡倍率と同様の条件で膨張挙動を観察し、未膨張の熱膨張性マイクロカプセルの直径を1倍とした時の220℃における発泡倍率D220を測定した。D220が2倍未満であった場合を「×」と、2倍以上3倍未満であった場合を「○」と、3倍以上4倍未満であった場合を「○○」と、4倍以上であった場合を「○○○」として評価した。
加熱発泡顕微装置(ジャパンハイテック社製)を用いて、発泡倍率と同様の条件で膨張挙動を観察し、発泡倍率が2倍以上である温度幅(ΔT)を測定した。ΔTが50℃未満であった場合を「×」と、50℃以上65℃未満であった場合を「○」と、65℃以上80℃未満であった場合を「○○」と、80℃以上であった場合を「○○○」として評価した。
得られた熱膨張性マイクロカプセル1.0gを、アルミカップに秤取り、なるべく平坦になるようならした後、180℃に熱した熱風オーブン(エスペック社製、ST-110)で1分間加熱した。加熱後、オーブンの扉を開けた際に、酸臭気を感じた場合を「×」、酸臭気が感じられなかった場合を「○」として評価した。
得られた熱膨張性マイクロカプセル1.25g、軟質塩ビ(PQ92、新第一塩ビ社製)20g、炭酸カルシウム(P-50、白石カルシウム社製)10g、可塑剤(DINP、和光純薬社製)20gを遊星式分散装置で攪拌後に得られたペースト状のサンプルを、直径約50mmのアルミカップに5g流し入れ、180℃に熱した熱風オーブンで10分間加熱した。加熱後のサンプルの外観を目視で観察した。茶褐色になった場合を「×」、黄色になった場合を「○」、薄い黄白色、クリーム色になった場合を「○○」、白色になった場合を「○○○」として評価した。
熱膨張性マイクロカプセルを1.25g、軟質塩ビ(PQ92 新第一塩ビ社製)20g、炭酸カルシウム(P-50 白石カルシウム社製)10g、可塑剤(DINP 和光純薬社製)20g、顔料(カーボンブラック入りポリエチレンマスターバッチ)0.1gを遊星式分散装置で攪拌後に得られたペースト状のサンプルを、直径約50mmのアルミカップに5g流し入れ、180℃に熱した熱風オーブンで10分加熱した。加熱後のサンプル表面を目視し、白斑点が多数見られた場合を「×」、僅かに見られた、または殆ど見られなかった場合を「○」として評価した。
熱機械測定装置(TMA:TA インスツルメント社製)を用いて、200℃で30分間経過後の発泡変位の保持率を測定した。30℃/minの昇温速度で加熱し、200℃まで到達させた時の発泡変位を100%としたときの30分後の保持率が70%以上であった場合を「○○○」と、35%以上70%未満であった場合を「○○」と、10%以上35%未満であった場合を「○」と、10%未満であった場合を「×」として評価した。
熱機械測定装置(TMA:TA インスツルメント社製)を用いて、荷重0.01mN、加熱温度180℃まで、30℃/minの昇温速度で加熱発泡させたときの発泡変位を100%とした。その後、荷重0.05mNまで荷重をかけたときの発泡変位の減少率を測定した。発泡変位の減少率が20%未満であった場合を「○○○」と、20%以上50%未満であった場合を「○○」と、50%以上80%未満であった場合を「○」と、80%以上であった場合を「×」として評価した。
熱膨張性マイクロカプセル100gを5分間篩(篩い目開き:150μm、線径:100μm、東京スクリーン社製)にかけ、篩の目開きを通過した熱膨張性マイクロカプセルの重量を測定した。測定値から下記式により熱膨張性マイクロカプセルの篩効率を算出し、篩効率が75%未満であった場合を「×」と、75%以上85%未満であった場合を「○」と、85%以上であった場合を「○○」として評価した。
篩効率(%)=(篩の目開きを通過した熱膨張性マイクロカプセルの重量)/(篩にかける前の熱膨張性マイクロカプセルの重量)
重合反応を行った後の重合反応容器壁面のスケールが、水洗により簡易に除去できなかった場合を「×」、水洗により簡易に除去できた場合を「○」として評価した。
Claims (8)
- 重合体からなるシェルに、コア剤として揮発性膨張剤が内包されている熱膨張性マイクロカプセルであって、
前記シェルは、ニトリル系モノマー、及び、分子中にグリシジル基を有する化合物、を含有するモノマー組成物を重合させてなり、
前記シェルは、常温時のゲル分率をx、180℃、30分加熱時のゲル分率をyとした場合に、yが50%以上であり、かつ、y/xが1.1以上であることを特徴とする熱膨張性マイクロカプセル。 - シェルを構成する重合体は、140℃で30分間加熱時の架橋度(A)が50重量%以上、210℃、30分間加熱時の架橋度(B)が75重量%以上であり、前記BとAとの比率(B/A)が1.2~1.8であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の熱膨張性マイクロカプセル。
- 140℃、10Hzにおけるシェルを構成する重合体の貯蔵弾性率(X)が1×106~1×107Pa、210℃、10Hzにおけるシェルを構成する重合体の貯蔵弾性率(Y)が1×108~1×109Paであり、前記XとYとの比率(Y/X)が100以上1000以下であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の熱膨張性マイクロカプセル。
- シェルは、ニトリル系モノマー、ラジカル重合性の二重結合及び水酸基を有する水酸基含有モノマー、及び、グリシジル基を1分子中に2個以上有し、かつ、ラジカル重合性の二重結合を有しない多官能反応性化合物を含有するモノマー組成物を重合させてなることを特徴とする請求項1、2又は3記載の熱膨張性マイクロカプセル。
- 多官能反応性化合物の含有量は、モノマー組成物全体に対して0.1~20重量%であることを特徴とする請求項4記載の熱膨張性マイクロカプセル。
- シェルは、ニトリル系モノマー、アミド基を有するモノマー、及び、分子中にグリシジル基を有する化合物を含有するモノマー組成物を重合させてなることを特徴とする請求項1、2又は3記載の熱膨張性マイクロカプセル。
- アミド基を有するモノマーは、アクリルアミド又はメタクリルアミドであることを特徴とする請求項6記載の熱膨張性マイクロカプセル。
- モノマー組成物において、分子中にグリシジル基を有する化合物に対するアミド基を有するモノマーの含有比(アミド基を有するモノマー/分子中にグリシジル基を有する化合物)が1.5~12であることを特徴とする請求項6又は7記載の熱膨張性マイクロカプセル。
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| KR101611806B1 (ko) | 2016-04-11 |
| US20150368423A1 (en) | 2015-12-24 |
| KR20150081369A (ko) | 2015-07-13 |
| US9493625B2 (en) | 2016-11-15 |
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