WO2014128077A1 - Vorrichtung zum ermitteln eines masses für einen brennwert eines gases - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zum ermitteln eines masses für einen brennwert eines gases Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014128077A1 WO2014128077A1 PCT/EP2014/053006 EP2014053006W WO2014128077A1 WO 2014128077 A1 WO2014128077 A1 WO 2014128077A1 EP 2014053006 W EP2014053006 W EP 2014053006W WO 2014128077 A1 WO2014128077 A1 WO 2014128077A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- membrane
- voltage
- control
- current
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
- G01N25/22—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on combustion or catalytic oxidation, e.g. of components of gas mixtures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/22—Fuels; Explosives
- G01N33/225—Gaseous fuels, e.g. natural gas
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/4065—Circuit arrangements specially adapted therefor
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for determining a measure of a calorific value of a gas. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for determining a measure of a calorific value of a gas.
- Petrol engines running on gasoline or diesel fuel can be converted to operation with compressed natural gas (CNG).
- CNG compressed natural gas
- the gas usually has different components in different countries. Especially the proportion of nitrogen or
- Carbon dioxide reduces the calorific value of the gas.
- a method for determining a measure of a calorific value of a gas is to be specified.
- An embodiment of a device for determining a measure of a calorific value of a gas is given in claim 1.
- the device for determining a measure of a calorific value of a gas comprises a membrane, which is formed above a threshold value of a temperature for transporting oxygen, a heating device for heating the membrane and a first electrode, which is arranged on a first side of the membrane, and a second electrode disposed on a second side different from the first side of the membrane. Furthermore, the device comprises a controllable voltage / current source for generating a control voltage ⁇ / a control current between the first and second electrodes for controlling the transport of oxygen through the Membrane and an evaluation device for determining the measure of the calorific value of the gas having combustible gas fractions.
- the controllable voltage / current source is adapted to generate the control voltage / the control current so that such an amount of oxygen through the membrane trans ⁇ is ported in response to a level of the control voltage / the control current that burn the combustible components of the gas in that the first electrode is arranged in a first environment containing the gas and the second electrode in a second environment containing a reference gas other than the gas with the oxygen.
- the evaluation device is designed to determine the measure of the calorific value of the gas as a function of the generated control voltage / of the generated control current or as a function of a level of the temperature of the membrane or as a function of an impedance of the membrane.
- An embodiment of a method for determining a measure of a calorific value of a gas is specified in claim 12. The method comprises the following steps:
- the membrane, the heating device and the first and second electrodes may for example be part of a lambda probe.
- a lambda probe is typically used to measure the residual oxygen content present in a combustion exhaust gas to control the ratio of combustion air to fuel for further combustion so that neither fuel nor excess air occurs.
- the lambda probe can be arranged between an environment with oxygen-containing reference air and an environment which guides the exhaust gas flow.
- an yttrium-doped (YSZ) ceramic can be used as the membrane between the first and second electrodes.
- the membrane can be heated to about 700 ° C. by means of the heating device.
- the lambda probe can contain a Refe rence ⁇ channel through which diffuses the oxygen-containing ambient air into the heated region of the sensor.
- the first electrode is arranged in the exhaust gas flow and the second electrode in the reference channel. Due to the oxygen concentration difference between the
- Exhaust gas flow and the oxygen-containing ambient air occurs in a lambda probe to an ion diffusion of oxygen, so that oxygen ions from the high concentration of the reference air and thus from the second electrode through the membrane to the first electrode or to the low oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas ,
- the electrons required to ionize the oxygen atoms are supplied by the electrically conductive first and second electrodes.
- an electrical voltage can be tapped between the first and second electrodes. Based on this probe voltage can make a statement as to whether there is much or little oxygen in the exhaust stream.
- the lambda probe is now converted into a MEMS furnace.
- the oxygen required for the micro-combustion in the gas diffuses via the reference channel to the second electrode, which is now operated as a pump cathode with a reverse polarity compared to a conventional lambda probe.
- the control voltage / the control current is applied between the first and second electrodes.
- oxygen ions are transported from the second electrode through the membrane to the first electrode, which is located in the gas flow of the gas whose calorific value is to be determined.
- the oxygen ions or the oxygen ions converted to molecular oxygen burn in the region of the first electrode with the combustible components of the gas.
- the firing process runs due to the catalytic effect of the first and second electrodes, which may be formed, for example, as porous platinum ⁇ electrodes, without flame development.
- the control voltage generated by the controllable voltage / current source is generated
- Control current which is necessary to pump oxygen ions into the gas and burn there with the gas, evaluated by the evaluation device.
- the control voltage / the control is generated by the controllable voltage / current source in ⁇ on successive time cycles each consisting of a first and a subsequent second period of time only during the second time period between the first and second electrode Ström.
- the voltage occurring between the first and second electrodes is measured by a voltage measuring device .
- the control device regulates the control voltage / the control current as a function of during the first time measured voltage. For example, the control voltage / current can be adjusted such that the voltage measured between the first and second electrodes has a level of approximately 450 mV.
- a second and third possible embodiment of the device or the method for determining a measure of the calorific value of the gas is in the case of using a controllable voltage source from the controllable voltage source, a voltage of about 0.3 V to 2 V between the first and second electrode to pump oxygen ions from the reference gas into the gas whose calorific value is to be detected, and burn it together with the combustible portions of the gas.
- the exothermic reaction leads to a temperature increase of the membrane, which can be used as a measure of the calorific value.
- the heating device can be designed as a pulse-width-modulated heating device.
- the pulse width modulated heater may be configured so that the pulse width modulation rate (PWM rate) of the heater automatically increases when the temperature of the membrane for the oxygen-ion transport is too low, or automatically decreases when the temperature the membrane is too high or is significantly above the above threshold temperature.
- PWM rate pulse width modulation rate
- an impedance between the first and second is determined by the evaluation device in the pump pauses during the first time period of the successive time cycles Electrode determined.
- the impedance of the membrane is temperature-dependent.
- Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a device for
- Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of a device for
- Figure 3 shows a third embodiment of an apparatus for
- Figure 4 shows a fourth embodiment of an apparatus for
- Figure 5 shows a fifth embodiment of an apparatus for
- Figure 6 shows a sixth embodiment of a device for
- Figure 7 shows a seventh embodiment of an apparatus for
- Figures 1 to 7 show different embodiments of a device for determining a measure of a calorific value of a gas G, which has combustible fractions.
- the device has a membrane 10, a heating device 20, a first electrode 30, a second electrode 40, a controllable voltage / current source 50 and an evaluation device 60 and a control device 70 for controlling the controllable voltage / current source 50.
- the common components of the different Embodiments of the device for determining a measure of the calorific value of a gas specified. Subsequently, special features of the respective embodiments of the device will be discussed.
- the membrane 10 may comprise a material of an yttrium-doped ceramic.
- the membrane 10 can be designed such that it is suitable for heating above a threshold value of a temperature for transporting oxygen, in particular oxygen ions.
- the heating device 20 may be designed to heat the membrane, in particular to heat the membrane to the threshold value of the temperature at which the membrane becomes permeable to oxygen.
- the first and second electrodes 30, 40 may be made porous of a material of platinum.
- the first electrode 30 can be arranged on a first side 11 of the membrane 10, which is to be determined in a first environment U1 of the gas G, for the calorific value of which a measure is to be determined.
- the second electrode 40 may be arranged on a second side 12, different from the first side, of the membrane 10.
- the second electrode 40 and thus the second side 12 of the membrane 10 may be disposed in a second environment U2, which contains a different gas from the oxygen-G ⁇ containing reference gas RG.
- the controllable voltage / current source 50 is for generating a control voltage / a control current between the first and th two ⁇ electrode 30, 40 is designed for controlling the transport of oxygen through the membrane 10th
- the controllable voltage / current source 50 is in particular designed to generate the control voltage / current in such a way that, depending on a level of the control voltage / current, such an amount of oxygen is transported through the membrane 10 that the combustible components of the gas G burn when the first electrode 30 in the first environment comprising the gas G Ul and the second electrode 40 in the second the reference gas RG is arranged with the oxygen-comprising environment U2.
- the controller 70 drives the controllable voltage / current source 50 in successive time cycles such that during a first time period of each of the time cycles, no control voltage / control current is generated from the controllable voltage / current source 50 and during a first time period subsequent second period of each of the time cycles, the control voltage / the control current is generated with a level.
- the level of the control voltage / the control current is selected such that sufficient oxygen is transported from the Re ⁇ reference gas RG through the membrane to the first electrode 30 and burns in the environment Ul together with the combustible components of the gas G when the first electrode 30 in the vicinity Ul of the gas and the second electrode 40 in the vicinity U2 of the oxygen-containing reference gas RG is arranged.
- the evaluation device 60 is for determining the extent of
- the evaluation ⁇ device 60 is formed to the measure of the calorific value of the gas G in response to the generated control voltage or the control current generated to investigate.
- the evaluating device 60 is designed to measure the calorific value of the gas G as a function of a level
- the evaluation device 60 is designed to measure the calorific value of the gas G as a function of an impedance of the membrane 10 to investigate.
- the first electrode 30 is arranged in the environment U1 of the gas G, for the calorific value of which a measure is to be determined with the device.
- the second electrode 40 is disposed in the vicinity U2 containing the oxygen-containing reference gas RG.
- the diaphragm 10 may be configured such that the pre ⁇ direction about the second electrode 40 around a channel with an inlet opening RK ERK for the inflow of the reference gas RG in the channel and thus has the second electrode 40th
- the channel RK in turn is shaped such that the reference gas RG is supplied to the second electrode 40 via the channel RK.
- a diffusion barrier 130 can be provided, via which the reference gas RG flows into the channel RK and thus reaches the second electrode 40.
- Apparatus for determining the calorific value of a gas may be the arrangement of the membrane 10, the heating device 20 and the first and second electrodes 30, 40 part of a lambda probe 1000.
- the diaphragm 10 the heater 20 and the first and second electrodes 30, 40 part of a lambda probe 1000.
- Electrode 30, 40 designed as part of a jump probe 1100.
- Wideband sensor 1100 includes a Nernst cell 1210 and a pumping cell ⁇ 1220 and.
- the Nernst cell 1210 includes the diaphragm 10 and the first and second electrodes 30, 40.
- the pump cell 1200 may have a third electrode 110 and a fourth electrode 120 on ⁇ .
- the membrane is formed between the Nernst cell 1210 and the pump cell 1220 such that a channel with a MG A ⁇ EMG opening for the inflow of the gas G is formed in the channel MG.
- a diffusion barrier 140 may be arranged, through which the gas G into the channel MK enters. Since the channel MK is connected to the membrane-side end and since the diffusion barrier 140 is provided at the inlet opening EMG, the channel MK in embodiments 2, 4, 6 and 7 forms a measuring chamber into which the oxygen is pumped via the Nernst cell 1210. The Ver ⁇ , combustion of the oxygen and the combustible components of the gas G passes to the first electrode 30 within the measuring chamber MK.
- the controllable voltage / current source 50 is connected to the first and second electrodes 30, 40 to apply the control voltage / current between the first and second electrodes 30, 40.
- the device 1 and 2 has a voltage measuring device 80, which is also connected to the first and second electrodes 30, 40.
- the voltage measuring device 80 is designed to determine the voltage level applied between the first and second electrodes 30, 40 during the first time duration of each of the time cycles.
- control device 70 is designed to control the controllable voltage / current source 50 in such a way that the controllable voltage / current source 50 determines the level of the control voltage / current during the second time period of each of the control voltages Time cycles in response to the detected during the first period of each of the time cycles voltage level generated.
- the embodiments 1 and 2 of the apparatus for determining a measure of a calorific value of a gas differ in that in the embodiment 1, the membrane 10, the heating device 20 and the first and second electrodes 30, 40 are formed as part of a jumping probe, while in Embodiment 2, the diaphragm 10, the heater 20 and the first and second electrodes 30, 40 are formed as part of a linear lambda probe or broadband probe. In embodiment 2, the pump cell 1220 may remain disconnected.
- the device In order to determine a measure of a calorific value of the gas G by means of the device according to embodiments 1 and 2, the device is arranged such that the first electrode 30 is in contact with the gas G and the second electrode 40 flows around the oxygen-containing reference gas RG becomes.
- the control device 70 controls the controllable voltage / current source 50 in such a way that a control voltage / current lies between the first and second electrodes 30, 40 at a level, so that such an amount of oxygen from the second environment U2 through the Membrane 10 is transported to the first environment Ul, so that the oxygen in the area around the first electrode 30 together with the combustible components of the gas G burns.
- the controller 70 controls the controllable voltage / current source 50 such that the control voltage / current depends on that previously measured between the first and second electrodes 30,40 Voltage level is generated. The level of the
- Control voltage / the control current can be generated in such a manner, for example, cycles during each ⁇ the second period of the measuring time that the during the first time period of the measurement time cycles measured voltage level between the first and second electrodes 30, 40, a voltage level of about 450 mV takes.
- ll controlled control current is evaluated by the evaluation device 60 and is a measure of the calorific value of the gas G.
- the controllable voltage / current source 50 is connected to the first and second electrodes 30, 40 to supply the control voltage / current between the first and second electrodes 30, 40 to apply.
- the control voltage / the control current is generated at a level which is sufficient to pump oxygen from the Re ⁇ ferenzgasumlibrary U2 in the sample gas G and to burn together with the combustible components of the gas G.
- the control voltage may for example have a level between 0.3 V and 2V.
- the control device 70 is designed to control the heating device 20.
- the control device 70 is in particular designed to control the heating device 20 in successive heating periods such that the heating device 20 is deactivated during a first period of each heating period and activated during an adjoining second period of each heating period for heating the membrane 10.
- the heating means 20 may for example be designed as a pulse-width-modulated heating means activated in response to a predetermined by the control unit 70 PWM-rate during the first time period the heating season de ⁇ and during the second time duration of each heating period is activated.
- the PWM rate which thus indicates the ratio of the switch-on and switch-on time of the heating device 20, is predetermined by the control device 70 as a function of the temperature of the membrane 10.
- a temperature measuring device 90 is provided.
- the temperature measuring device 90 may be coupled to the control device 70.
- the control device 70 is designed to adjust the ratio of the first and second time duration, that is to say the switch-on and switch-off time. Duration of the heating device, depending on the determined temperature of the temperature measuring device 90 of the membrane 10 to adjust.
- the evaluation device 60 evaluates the ratio of the first and second time duration of each heating period or the ratio of the off / on time of the heating device 20 and determines a measure of the calorific value of the gas G in dependence on this ratio.
- the embodiments 3 and 4 of the apparatus for determining a measure of the calorific value of a gas differ in that in the embodiment 3, the membrane 10, the heating device 20 and the first and second electrodes 30, 40 are formed as part of a jumping probe, while at Embodiment 4, the membrane 10, the heating device 20 and the first and second electrodes 30, 40 are formed as part of a linear lambda probe or broadband probe.
- the pump cell 1220 may remain uncommanded.
- the controllable voltage / current source 50 is connected to the first and second electrodes 30, 40 in order to control the control voltage / to apply the control current between the first and second electrodes 30, 40.
- the control voltage or the control current is generated at a level which is sufficient for pumping oxygen from the reference gas environment U 2 into the measurement gas G and together with the combustible components of the gas G. burn.
- the control voltage may be generated at a level between 0.3V and 2V and applied to the first and second electrodes.
- the devices 5, 6 and 7 each have a measuring device 100 for measuring the impedance of the membrane 10.
- the evaluation device 60 is configured to evaluate the impedance measured by the measuring device 100 during the first time duration of each of the measuring time cycles and to determine the degree of the calorific value of the gas G as a function of the evaluation.
- no control voltage / control current is applied between the first and second electrodes.
- the application of the control voltage / STEU ⁇ erstroms for the transport of oxygen in the gas G takes place cycle time of each of the measurement during the subsequent period of the first second time period.
- measuring the impedance of the diaphragm 10 is interrupted. Since the impedance of the membrane 10 is temperature-dependent, the temperature of the membrane 10 is also used in the devices as a measure of the calorific value of the gas G as a result of the exothermic reaction.
- the embodiments 5, 6 and 7 of the device for determining a measure of the calorific value of the gas G differ in that in the embodiment 5, the membrane 10, the
- Heating device 20 and the first and second electrodes 30, 40 are formed as part of a jump probe, while in the embodiment 6 and 7, the membrane 10, the heating device 20 and the first and second electrodes 30, 40 are formed as part of a linear lambda probe or broadband probe , while in the embodiments 5 and 6, the measuring device 100 is connected for measuring the impedance of the diaphragm 10 between the first and second electrodes, wherein the off ⁇ guide die 7 of the apparatus for determining a measure of the calorific value of the gas G, the pump cell 1220 for detecting of the
- the measuring device 100 for measuring the impedance of the diaphragm is between the third electrode 110 and the fourth electrode 120 are switched, while in the embodiments 5 and 6, it is connected between the first and second electrodes 30, 40.
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- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201480009314.6A CN104995507B (zh) | 2013-02-19 | 2014-02-17 | 用于确定气体燃烧值的量值的装置和方法 |
| US14/768,728 US9851317B2 (en) | 2013-02-19 | 2014-02-17 | Device for ascertaining a measure of a caloric value of a gas |
| DE112014000892.3T DE112014000892B4 (de) | 2013-02-19 | 2014-02-17 | Vorrichtung zum Ermitteln eines Maßes für einen Brennwert eines Gases |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013202681.1A DE102013202681A1 (de) | 2013-02-19 | 2013-02-19 | Vorrichtung zum Ermitteln eines Maßes für einen Brennwert eines Gases |
| DE102013202681.1 | 2013-02-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2014128077A1 true WO2014128077A1 (de) | 2014-08-28 |
Family
ID=50114361
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2014/053006 Ceased WO2014128077A1 (de) | 2013-02-19 | 2014-02-17 | Vorrichtung zum ermitteln eines masses für einen brennwert eines gases |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9851317B2 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN104995507B (de) |
| DE (2) | DE102013202681A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2014128077A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102015223646A1 (de) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-06-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensorelement zum Erfassen wenigstens eines Parameters eines, insbesondere sauerstoffhaltigen, Messgases |
| DE102015223693A1 (de) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-06-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Feststoffelektrolyt-Sensoranordnung und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Feststoffelektrolyt-Sensoranordnung |
| CN109613059B (zh) * | 2018-12-17 | 2021-06-01 | 江苏海事职业技术学院 | 基于燃烧系统运行参数的冶金煤气热值在线测算方法 |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10385468B2 (en) | 2016-06-06 | 2019-08-20 | Ih Ip Holdings Limited | Plasma frequency trigger |
| US10295520B2 (en) * | 2016-06-09 | 2019-05-21 | Ih Ip Holdings Limited | Methods and apparatus for testing fuel materials for exothermic reactions |
| CN114252477B (zh) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-12-15 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | 一种二氧化碳混合工质的循环微通道换热实验装置 |
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| EP0438859A2 (de) * | 1990-01-24 | 1991-07-31 | International Control Automation Finance S.A. | Energiemessung von Heizgasen |
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2013
- 2013-02-19 DE DE102013202681.1A patent/DE102013202681A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-02-17 DE DE112014000892.3T patent/DE112014000892B4/de active Active
- 2014-02-17 US US14/768,728 patent/US9851317B2/en active Active
- 2014-02-17 WO PCT/EP2014/053006 patent/WO2014128077A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2014-02-17 CN CN201480009314.6A patent/CN104995507B/zh active Active
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| GB2099589A (en) * | 1981-05-22 | 1982-12-08 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | A meter for monitoring the heating value of fuel gases |
| EP0438859A2 (de) * | 1990-01-24 | 1991-07-31 | International Control Automation Finance S.A. | Energiemessung von Heizgasen |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE102015223646A1 (de) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-06-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensorelement zum Erfassen wenigstens eines Parameters eines, insbesondere sauerstoffhaltigen, Messgases |
| DE102015223693A1 (de) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-06-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Feststoffelektrolyt-Sensoranordnung und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Feststoffelektrolyt-Sensoranordnung |
| CN109613059B (zh) * | 2018-12-17 | 2021-06-01 | 江苏海事职业技术学院 | 基于燃烧系统运行参数的冶金煤气热值在线测算方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102013202681A1 (de) | 2014-08-21 |
| US9851317B2 (en) | 2017-12-26 |
| CN104995507A (zh) | 2015-10-21 |
| DE112014000892A5 (de) | 2015-10-29 |
| DE112014000892B4 (de) | 2022-12-22 |
| US20150377807A1 (en) | 2015-12-31 |
| CN104995507B (zh) | 2016-11-30 |
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