WO2014101269A1 - Method for preparing special slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer for paddy rice - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for preparing a special slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer for paddy rice. The compound fertilizer is a mixture of a plurality of fertilizers and ingredients with no special fertilizer effect. The compound fertilizer is prepared with the following raw materials in parts by mass: 25 to 45 parts of urea, 8 to 25 parts of ammonium chloride, 20 to 35 parts of potassium chloride, 20 to 35 parts of a mixed phosphate fertilizer, 7 to 11 parts of a granulation additive, and a proper amount of water. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing compounds of a potash fertilizer and a nitrogen fertilizer; (2) preparing a mixed phosphate fertilizer; (3) preparing mixed particles of each ingredient of the compound fertilizer; (4) coating with a stearic acid; (5) spreading powder of a modified zeolite powder material; and (6) screening, metering, quality inspection, and packaging of a qualified product. Therefore, the present invention provides a method for preparing a special slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer for paddy rice, which is comprehensive in nutrition and excellent in slow-release performance, can fully satisfy demands for nutrients by paddy rice, makes full use of the fertilizer effectiveness, improves both yield and quality of paddy rice, saves resources, protects the environment, and has low manufacturing cost and a low sales price.

Description

 Method for preparing rice-specific slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer

 The invention relates to a preparation method of a rice-specific slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer. It is a mixture of multiple fertilizers and no specific fertilizer components. Background technique

 Rice is an important food crop and cash crop. Statistics show that its production and planting area rank first in the world. It plays an important role in the people's livelihood and the national economy. Effective use of limited land resources and improvement of rice crop yield and quality are the direction and eternal issues of people's efforts.

 There are more than 20 kinds of nutrients needed for rice growth and development, including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. There are three major elements such as sulfur, calcium, magnesium and silicon, and boron and copper. Trace elements such as zinc and molybdenum. These nutrients are mainly derived from fertilizers supplied through the soil.

 Compound fertilizers with a chloride ion content of more than 3% are called chlorine-based compound fertilizers, because chlorine-based compound fertilizers have a negative impact on the growth of certain chlorine-repellent crops, and the concentration of chloride ions in the soil remains largely, which tends to cause soil compaction. Salinization and alkalization. Therefore, some compound fertilizer manufacturers use potassium sulfate in the compound fertilizer product or remove the chloride ion in potassium chloride to form a so-called sulfur-based compound fertilizer. The preparation process of sulfur-based compound fertilizer is complicated, the production cost is high, and the selling price is also high, which increases the production cost of agricultural products.

 However, chlorine is one of the seven trace elements necessary for plant growth. Chlorine can enter the plant cells by participating in photosynthesis of plants, regulating the osmotic pressure of plant cells and the initiation and closure of pores, which is beneficial to the absorption of water and nutrients. To improve its drought resistance, chloride ions promote photosynthesis and fiber formation, and are especially suitable for fiber crops such as hemp: &; improve plant disease resistance, such as wheat total rot, stripe rust, corn stem Blight and so on. Chloride ion can inhibit the nitrifying bacteria in the soil, delay the conversion rate of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen, and effectively reduce the loss of nitrate nitrogen and denitrification, which is the long-lasting effect of nitrogen fertilizer. Furthermore, the stable ions in the plant cells of chlorine crops have a positive effect on the balance of intracellular stored ions and the absorption of nitrogen, phosphine, potassium, calcium, magnesium, silicon and other elements, which is conducive to the growth of plant stems and leaves. -3.

 Rice is a chlorine-tolerant crop. Ammonium chloride and potassium chloride are low in price. They are ideal nitrogen and potassium fertilizers in rice fields. Water ffl The soil has sufficient water to dilute the chlorinated fertilizer with strong salt-producing ability. Chlorine is the most easily moved element. Chlorine is most likely to be lost or leaked in water without causing salt and chlorine damage.

However, the utilization rate of the chlorine-based compound fertilizer in the prior art is only 25% to 35%, wherein the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is less than 30%, the loss is particularly serious, and the pollution of the soil and the atmospheric environment is caused. How to make the chlorine element in the compound fertilizer play an active role in promoting the growth of crops, can not only optimize and improve the utilization rate of chlorine-based compound fertilizer, but also avoid its adverse effects on crop growth and soil environment. .

 Urea is a high-quality nitrogen fertilizer with high nitrogen content, fast fertilizer efficiency and large dosage. However, in the process of using urea, it is easy to be lost through volatilization, leaching, decomposition and runoff, resulting in low efficiency of fertilizer efficiency. According to statistics, the utilization rate in the current season is only about 30%, which not only causes waste of fertilizer, but also It pollutes the environment in which humans depend on the atmosphere, water and soil.

 China Patent Application No. 201110021688.8 “Biodegradable Coated Urea” applied by Shi Kefeng Chemical Co., Ltd. successfully solved the above problems of urea nitrogen fertilizer, using stearic acid which can be degraded by soil microbes as a package of nitrogen fertilizer urea. Membrane material provides a biodegradable coated urea product that is biodegradable, non-polluting, and improves fertilizer utilization. However, it is only a high-quality nitrogen fertilizer with a single nutrient composition and cannot be used as a slow-release fertilizer suitable for rice planting.

Phosphorus is an important component of biological cytoplasm and an essential element of plant growth. Apatite is the most important mineral raw material for the production of phosphate fertilizer and phosphorus and its compounds; however, the production of phosphate fertilizer requires P ₂ 0 ₅ 28% in the apatite; the content of apatite P ₂ 0 ₅ required for the extraction of phosphorus and its compounds higher.

 Moreover, with the development of phosphorus chemical products and phosphate fertilizer industry, the demand for phosphate rock powder is increasing rapidly, and the resources of high-grade phosphate rock are scarce. The production method that relies solely on phosphate-rich mines is no longer sufficient. In this case, the utilization of the low-grade rock stone resources is of great significance for saving resources and protecting the environment.

 In summary, the prior art rice-specific fertilizers have the following disadvantages:

 1. Multi-layer coating, complex production process, large investment and high production cost.

 2. The coating material is difficult to degrade, and long-term use will have a negative impact on the soil; even pollute the soil and affect the quality of agricultural products.

 3. The ratio of the main nutrients in the fertilizer is not reasonable, and the fertilizer efficiency is low.

 4. Low fertilizer utilization, wasting resources and polluting the environment.

 5. The production of sulfur-based compound fertilizer is high, which leads to high fertilizer prices and increases the economic burden on farmers.

 6. Preparation methods for rice-specific slow-release long-acting compound fertilizers are rare. Summary of the invention

 The object of the present invention is to avoid the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, and to provide a comprehensive nutrition, excellent sustained release performance, can fully meet the nutrient demand of rice, maximize the effectiveness of fertilizer, and can improve rice yield. A method for preparing a sustained-release long-acting compound fertilizer for rice which can improve its quality, that is, save resources, protect the environment, and has a low manufacturing cost and a low sales price.

The object of the present invention can be achieved by the following measures: The preparation method of the rice-specific slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer of the present invention is characterized in that the following raw materials are prepared in parts by mass:

 Urea 25~45

 Ammonium chloride 8~25

 Potassium chloride 20~35

 Mixed phosphate fertilizer 20~35

 Granulation aids 7~11

 Water amount

 Medium:

 The mixed phosphate fertilizer is compounded by diammonium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and apatite powder, and the mass percentage thereof is as follows:

 Diammonium phosphate 30~50

 Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 25~40

20~45 the apatite powder is hydroxyapatite powder Ρ ₂ 0 ₅ content of the low grade phosphate powder of between 10% ~ 20%;

 The granulation aid is composed of 60%~70% bentonite and 40%~30% bauxite powder;

 The preparation method comprises the following steps:

 1. Preparation of potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer complex

 First, 25 to 45 parts by weight of urea is heated and melted, and then 8 to 25 parts by weight of ammonium chloride and 20 to 35 parts by weight of potassium chloride are added and uniformly mixed to prepare a potassium fertilizer and a nitrogen fertilizer compound containing potassium, chlorine and ammonium, and used;

 2. Preparation of mixed phosphate fertilizer

 a. Preparation of apatite powder

Grinding powder containing P ₂ O ₅ 10%~20% apatite, the fineness of the apatite powder is controlled by 100 mesh ±10, standby;

 b. mixing

 30~50 parts by weight of diammonium phosphate, 25~40 parts by weight of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 20~45 parts by weight of apatite powder prepared in step a, and ready for use;

 3. Preparation of mixed particles of various components of compound fertilizer

 The potassium fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer complex prepared in the first step and 20 to 35 parts by weight of the mixed phosphate fertilizer prepared in the second step are mixed and added, and 7 to 11 parts by weight of the granulating agent is added, and the amount of water is appropriate. Mixing and granulating the components of the composite fertilizer with a conventional granulator;

4. Stearic acid coating

The amount of stearic acid is 0.6%~1.2% of the mass of the mixed particles of the composite fertilizer prepared in the third step, the coating method as follows:

 a. Preparation of molten stearic acid

 After the coating is accurately metered with stearic acid according to the formula, it is put into the stearic acid melting tank and heated to the molten state for use; b. .

 According to the formula, the mixed particles of the composite fertilizer prepared in step 3 are accurately measured, and the molten stearic acid prepared in the step a is sprayed in the drum type mixing granulator to make the outer surface of the mixed particles as uniform as possible. Coating, hot air drying, room temperature air cooling, standby; process conditions are as follows:

 Hot air drying temperature is not higher than 80 ° C

 The cooling air temperature is not higher than 50 ° C ;

 5. Modified zeolite powder powder material powder

 a. Preparation of powder for mixing powder

 According to the magnesium stearate 1.1%~2.5%, the zeolite powder 97.5%~98.9% raw material ratio, accurately weigh the raw materials, mix evenly, grind the powder, control the fineness of the powder over 120 mesh sieve, spare ;

 b. Powder coating

 The amount of the mixed powder prepared in the step a is controlled to be 10~15 kg per mixed powder of each component of the compound fertilizer of 1000 kg;

6. Screening, metering, quality inspection, and post-qualification packaging, to produce rice-specific slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer; the obtained product has a rounded appearance and no odor.

 The chlorine-based slow-release compound fertilizer granule suitable for rice planting is used in the formulation of the invention, and then the chloro-basic-potassium compound fertilizer granule is subjected to primary coating of stearic acid and secondary surface pulverization of modified zeolite powder. Mainly after mixing the urea melt with ammonium chloride, potassium chloride and mixed phosphorus fertilizer, the composite granulator is used to mix and granulate the components of the composite fertilizer, the production process is simple, the environment is beneficial, and the compound fertilizer is reduced. Cost of production.

The coating material used in the invention can be degraded under the action of soil microorganisms, and stearic acid is easily decomposed to generate C0 ₂ and H ₂ 0 under the action of soil microorganisms, thereby avoiding environmental pollution of the coating material and saving fossil resources. Conducive to ecological balance.

 The introduction of a low-grade apatite into the formulation of the present invention is important for both resource conservation and environmental protection.

 The object of the invention can also be achieved by the following measures:

 The preparation method of the rice-specific slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer of the present invention is characterized in that it is made of the following raw materials in parts by mass:

 Urea 27~40

 Ammonium chloride 10~20

Potassium chloride 22~35 Mixed phosphate fertilizer 20~30

 Granulation aids 7~11

 Water

The mixed phosphate fertilizer is compounded by diammonium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and apatite powder, and the mass percentage thereof is as follows: diammonium phosphate 35~45

 Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 20~30

 Apatite powder 30~35. It is a preferred technical solution.

 The method for preparing a rice-specific slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer according to the present invention is characterized in that it is made of the following raw materials in parts by mass -

25

 Ammonium chloride 12

 Potassium chloride 27

 Mixed phosphate fertilizer 28

 Granulation aids 8

 Water

The mixed phosphate fertilizer is prepared by compounding diammonium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and apatite powder, and the mass percentage thereof is as follows: diammonium phosphate 45

 Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 20

 Apatite powder 35 is a preferred technical solution.

 The rice-specific slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of the rice-specific slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer according to the present invention is characterized in that the product reaches the following technical indexes:

 Ν element contains ^ 13

P ₂ 0 ₅ content ^ 5

K ₂ 0 content ^ 10

 Particle size mm 2~4.75mm

Moisture content wt% ^ 2.0. The application method of the rice-specific slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of the rice-specific slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer according to the present invention is characterized in that the ditch is applied below the surface, the bottom fertilizer: 40~50Kg/mu; : 20~30Kg/mu.

 The preparation method of the rice-specific slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer of the present invention has the following positive effects compared with the prior art:

1. It provides a comprehensive nutrition and excellent sustained release performance. It can fully meet the nutrient demand of rice and maximize the effectiveness of fertilizer. It can not only improve rice yield but also improve its quality, that is, save resources and protect the environment. A preparation method of a rice-specific slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer with low manufacturing cost and low selling price.

 2. Single-layer coating, simple production process, low equipment investment and low production cost.

 3. The coating material can be degraded under the action of soil microorganisms, avoiding the pollution of the coating material to the soil environment.

 4. The use of a chlorine-based slow-release compound fertilizer formula suitable for rice planting has reduced the selling price.

 5. Use low grade apatite as a raw material for fertilizer. Save i expensive high-grade phosphate rock resources. Protect the environment at the same time.

6. The sustained release effect is good and the fertilizer utilization rate is high. detailed description

 The invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments:

 Example 1

 Prepare rice-specific slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer according to the following steps

 1. Preparation of potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer complex

 First, 25 parts by weight of urea is heated and melted, and 12 parts by weight of cerium chloride and 27 parts by weight of potassium chloride are added and uniformly mixed to prepare a potassium fertilizer and a nitrogen fertilizer compound containing potassium, chlorine and ammonium, and used;

 2. Preparation of mixed phosphate fertilizer

 a. Preparation of gray lime powder

Grinding powder containing P ₂ O ₅ 10%~20% apatite, the fineness of the apatite powder is controlled by 100 mesh ±10, standby;

 b. mixing

 45 parts by weight of diammonium phosphate, 20 parts by weight of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 35 parts by weight of apatite powder prepared in step a are mixed and prepared;

 3. Preparation of mixed particles of various components of compound fertilizer

 28 parts by weight of the potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer complex prepared in the step 1 and the mixed phosphate fertilizer prepared in the step 2 were uniformly mixed, and 8 parts by weight of the granulating agent was added thereto, and the amount of water was appropriate. Mixing and granulating the components of the composite fertilizer with a conventional granulator;

 4. Stearic acid coating

The amount of stearic acid used is 1.2% of the mass of the mixed particles of the composite fertilizer prepared in step 3. The coating method is as follows: a. Preparation of molten stearic acid After the coating is accurately metered with stearic acid according to the formula, it is put into the stearic acid melting tank and heated to the molten state for use; b. .

 According to the formula, the mixed particles of the composite fertilizer prepared in the step 3 are accurately measured, and the molten stearic acid prepared in the step a is sprayed in the drum type mixing granulator to make the outer surface of the mixed particles as uniform as possible. Coating, hot air drying, room temperature air cooling, standby; process conditions are as follows:

 Hot air drying temperature is not higher than 80Ό

 The cooling air temperature is not higher than 50 ° C ;

 5. Modified zeolite powder powder material powder

 a. Preparation of powder for mixing powder

 According to the magnesium stearate 1.1%~2.5%, the zeolite powder 97.5%~98.9% raw material ratio, accurately weigh the raw materials, mix evenly, grind the powder, control the fineness of the powder over 120 mesh sieve, spare ;

 b. Powder coating

 The amount of the mixed powder prepared in the step a is controlled to be 10~15 kg per mixed powder of each component of the compound fertilizer of 1000 kg;

6. Screening, metering, quality inspection, and post-qualified packaging, to obtain a special slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer for rice; the obtained product has a rounded appearance and no odor;

 The product meets the following technical indicators:

 N element content % ^ 13

P ₂ 0 ₅ content% ^ 5

K ₂ 0 content% ^ 10

 Particle size mm 2~4.75mm

 Moisture content wt% 2.0.

 Example 2 to Example Ί

 According to the method and the procedure of Example 1, the rice-specific slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer was prepared according to the raw material formula of Table 1. Table 1

Raw material Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Urea 25 26 32 45 25 Chlorination hinge 10 12 8 10 8 9 Potassium chloride 35 25 20 20 20 20 Mixed phosphate fertilizer 20 30 31 27 20 35 Granulation aid 10 7 9 10 7 1 1 Water suitable for: Suitable for 3⁄4 Suitable for 3⁄4 Tt Phosphate two hinges 50 35 40 45 30 40 Phosphate fertilizer Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 25 35 30 30 35 30 Composition of apatite powder 25 30 30 25 35 30 Preparation of rice-specific slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer; No odor; The product has reached the following technical indicators:

 N element content % ^ 13

P ₂ 0 ₅ content% ^ 5

 20 content % ^ 10

 Particle size mm 2 - 4.75mm

 Moisture content wt% 2.0.

Claims

Claim A method for preparing a rice-specific slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer, which is characterized in that the mash is prepared as follows according to the mass fraction:  Urea 25~45  Barium chloride 8~25  Potassium chloride 20~35  Mixed phosphate fertilizer 20~35  Granulation aids 7~11  Water amount  Medium:  The mixed phosphate fertilizer is compounded by diammonium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and apatite powder, and the mass percentage thereof is as follows:  Diammonium phosphate 30~50  Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 25~40 The apatite powder 20~45 Rocky ash powder is Ρ ₂ 0 ₅ content of the low grade phosphate powder of between 10% ~ 20%;  The granulation aid is composed of 60%~70% bentonite and 40%~30% bauxite powder;  The preparation method comprises the following steps:  1. Preparation of potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer complex  First, 25 to 45 parts by weight of urea is heated and melted, and then 8 to 25 parts by weight of ammonium chloride and 20 to 35 parts by weight of potassium chloride are added and uniformly mixed to prepare a potassium fertilizer and a nitrogen fertilizer compound containing potassium, chlorine and ammonium, and used;  2. Preparation of mixed phosphate fertilizer  a. Preparation of apatite powder Grinding powder containing P ₂ O ₅ 10%~20% apatite, the fineness of the apatite powder is controlled by 100 mesh ±10, standby;  b. mixing  30~50 parts by weight of diammonium phosphate, 25~40 parts by weight of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 20~45 parts by weight of apatite powder prepared in step a, and ready for use;  3. Preparation of mixed particles of various components of compound fertilizer  The potassium fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer complex prepared in the first step and 20 to 35 parts by weight of the mixed phosphate fertilizer prepared in the second step are uniformly mixed, and 7 to 11 parts by weight of the granulating agent is added thereto, and the amount of water is appropriate. Mixing and granulating the components of the composite fertilizer with a conventional granulator; 4. Stearic acid coating The amount of stearic acid is 0.6%~1.2% of the mass of the mixed particles of the composite fertilizer prepared in the step 3, and the coating method The claim is as follows:  a. Preparation of molten stearic acid  After the coating is accurately metered with stearic acid according to the formula, it is put into the stearic acid melting tank and heated to the molten state for use; b. .  According to the formula, the mixed particles of the composite fertilizer prepared in the step 3 are accurately measured, and the molten stearic acid prepared in the step a is sprayed in the drum type mixing granulator to make the outer surface of the mixed particles as uniform as possible. Coating, hot air drying, room temperature air cooling, standby; process conditions are as follows:  Hot air drying temperature is not higher than 80Γ  The cooling air temperature is not higher than 50 ° C ;  5. Modified zeolite powder powder material powder  a. Preparation of powder for mixing powder  According to the magnesium stearate 1.1%~2.5%, the zeolite powder 97.5%~98.9% raw material ratio, accurately weigh the raw materials, mix evenly, grind the powder, control the fineness of the powder over 120 mesh sieve, spare ;  b. Powder coating  The amount of the mixed powder prepared in the step a is controlled to be 10~15 kg per mixed powder of each component of the compound fertilizer of 1000 kg; 6. Screening, metering, quality inspection, and post-qualification packaging, to produce rice-specific slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer; the obtained product has a rounded appearance and no odor.  The method for producing a rice-specific slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the raw materials are produced in terms of parts by mass as follows:  Urea 27~40  Ammonium chloride 10~20  Potassium chloride 22~35  Mixed phosphate fertilizer 20~30  Granulation aids 7~11  Water amount:  The mixed phosphate fertilizer is composed of phosphoric acid  Diammonium phosphate 35~45  Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 20-30 Apatite powder 30~35. WO 2014/101269 Claim PCT/CN2013/001245 The method for preparing a rice-specific slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrazine is produced as follows according to the mass fraction:  25  Ammonium chloride 12  Potassium chloride 27  Mixed pity 28  Granulation aids 8  Water The mixed phosphate fertilizer is prepared by compounding diammonium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and apatite powder, and the mass percentage thereof is as follows:  Diammonium phosphate 45  Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 20  Apatite powder 35  The rice-specific slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of the rice-specific slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the product has the following technical indexes:  Ν element contains j 1 % ^ 13 P ₂ 0 ₅ content% ^ 5 κ ₂ ο content ^ 10  Particle size mm 2~4.75mm  Moisture content wt% ^ 2.0.  The method for applying the rice-specific slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer prepared by the method for preparing the rice-specific slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the ditch is applied below the surface, and the base fertilizer is: 40~50Kg/ Mu; top dressing: 20~30Kg/mu.