CN111517896A - Efficient environment-friendly slow-release fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer production, and in particular relates to a high-efficiency environment-friendly slow-release fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof, comprising a fertilizer particle layer, a coating layer and a composite protective layer, wherein the fertilizer particle layer is composed of urea, humic acid, potassium phosphate, It is composed of molybdenum sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, magnesium sulfate, trace elements and synergists. The coating layer is composed of gelatin, polyethylene glycol, water, and oxidized sodium alginate. Streptomyces sp. It can significantly improve the water absorption capacity of the soil, and at the same time, it also has a good water retention and moisturizing ability, which can slow down the evaporation of water in the soil, significantly improve the soil aggregate structure, loosen the soil, and improve the soil fertilizer retention capacity.

Description

A kind of high-efficiency environment-friendly slow-release fertilizer and its preparation method and application

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer production, in particular to a long-acting fertilizer, in particular to a high-efficiency environment-friendly slow-release fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background technique

It is a universally accepted truth that chemical fertilizers occupy the most important position in agricultural production, and there is no such thing as one.

Fertilizers are the largest material investment in agricultural production, accounting for about 50% of all productive expenditures. At present, the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers in foreign countries is 0.5% to 0.55%, and the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers in my country is only about 0.35%. The utilization rate of chemical fertilizers is too low, which will cause excessive fertilization and deteriorate the physical properties of the soil. Quality improvement. Therefore, improving the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, reducing the pollution caused by fertilization, and developing sustainable and efficient agriculture have become the common concerns of the world. Only in the 1940s saw reports on the technology and agrochemical properties of slow-release fertilizers.

Slow-release fertilizers can be divided into 4 types according to their different ways of dissolving and releasing: ① Water-soluble substances in the form of nutrients that plants can use, and their solubility is controlled by physical barriers, such as film coating, etc.; ② Fertilizers that limit water solubility and plant-available forms, such as ammonium phosphate metal salts; ③ substances with limited water-solubility, which refer to substances that can be released by plants in chemical or microbial decomposition processes, such as urea-formaldehyde Class; ④ water-soluble substances, which refer to substances that can gradually decompose and release nutrients, such as amidino urea salts. In general, most slow-release substances are designed to slow or reduce the release rate of nutrients in soil solutions, by using a mixture of substances with different release rates to achieve the purpose of changing the release rate. Slow-release fertilizers at home and abroad mainly include three kinds of slow-release fertilizers: urea-formaldehyde, film coating and wrapping.

At present, the total consumption of slow-release fertilizers in the world is about 650,000 tons per year. The United States is the largest consuming country, accounting for about 70% of the world's total consumption, and Japan and Europe each account for about 15%. In Japan, most slow-release fertilizers are used in On parkland, economically valuable crops, upland crops and paddy field crops. Slow-release fertilizers are especially suitable for many potted ornamental plants because such plants have a slow, uniform growth rate during a continuous growth period. The United States is in almost all ornamental plants. Slow-release fertilizers are systematically used in gardens and grasslands. According to incomplete statistics, the current annual output of slow-release fertilizers in the world is about 300,000 to 400,000 tons.

Chinese patent ZL200810014485.4 provides a special controlled-release fertilizer for ornamental plant cedar and its preparation method. It is obtained by compounding components such as sulfur-coated urea, thermoplastic resin-coated urea with different coating amounts, thermoplastic resin-coated compound fertilizer and potassium chloride compound fertilizer.

Chinese patent CN101928189A (201010264389.2) provides a long-acting fertilizer for landscaping seedlings and its preparation and application. Different types of controlled-release fertilizers are selected as raw materials: urea coated with sulfur and polymer, 8% thermoplastic and thermosetting double-layer coated urea, 10% recycled thermoplastic resin coated urea, and 5% modified epoxy for urea primer. Resin-coated diammonium phosphate, 5% urea undercoating modified epoxy resin-coated potassium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, are compounded with a variety of coated fertilizer raw materials, and gardens are prepared according to the nutrient release law in the soil Long-term fertilizer for greening seedlings. They have made great progress in the extension of fertilizer efficiency through the application of several coating materials, and the fertilizer efficiency can reach 2 to 3 years. However, it is still dominated by a large number of elements such as N, P, and K, which cannot well meet the needs of seedlings for medium and trace elements, and need to be supplemented separately, which increases the cost of fertilization.

Chinese patent CN101284747A uses the complementary advantages of quick-acting fertilizer and organic fertilizer to release nutrients to prolong its fertilizer efficiency, but its fertilizer efficiency is still short, and generally still needs to be applied once or twice a year. Chinese patent 201110220288.X discloses an organic and inorganic long-acting fertilizer suitable for landscaping seedlings and its preparation method and application. The organic and inorganic long-acting fertilizer is composed of 10-30% of granular compound fertilizer, 10-20% of coated fertilizer and 55-75% of granular organic fertilizer. It has high technical requirements and requires high-energy-consuming equipment.

Chinese patent CN102351606A The invention discloses an environment-friendly coated fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of slow and controlled release fertilizers. The environmentally friendly coated fertilizer includes chemical fertilizer granules and a coating wrapped on the surface of the granular fertilizer. The materials constituting the controlled release coating are polyaldehyde-based oxidized polysaccharides and proteins. In order to protect the controlled release coating, the outer layer is wrapped with high water absorption. resin. The invention provides plants with various nutrient elements required, and improves the slow-release performance of the fertilizer nutrient elements, and at the same time, through the combination of the fertilizer and the water-absorbing resin, it has various functions such as water absorption and water retention, slow release, soil conditioning and the like.

Chinese patent CN102424640B The invention discloses a double-layer coated water-retaining slow-release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. It includes chemical fertilizer granules and a double-layer coating wrapped on the surface of the granular fertilizer, wherein the materials constituting the inner membrane controlled release layer are carrageenan and soluble potassium salts or soluble ammonium salts; the materials constituting the outer membrane water retention layer are superabsorbent resins. The invention provides plants with various nutrient elements required, and improves the slow-release performance of the fertilizer nutrient elements; meanwhile, the combination of the fertilizer and the water-absorbent resin enables it to have multiple functions such as water absorption and water retention, slow-release, soil conditioning and the like.

Existing slow-release fertilizers have poor water retention capacity and are watered many times in dry seasons, limiting their use. In addition, in large plants or fast-growing plants, slow-release fertilizers need to be applied multiple times, which wastes manpower and material costs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a high-yield, high-efficiency, environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizer, which generally only needs to be applied once a year; the compound fertilizer contains a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. Elements also contain trace elements. One fertilization can meet the nutrient needs of plants, especially commercial crops, and save the manpower and material costs of fertilization.

The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

An efficient and environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizer formula comprises a fertilizer particle layer, a coating layer and a composite protective layer.

The fertilizer particle layer is composed of urea, humic acid, potassium phosphate, molybdenum sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, magnesium sulfate, trace elements and synergists.

The envelope layer is composed of gelatin, polyethylene glycol, water and oxidized sodium alginate.

The composite protective layer is composed of P. rotundus, Bacillus subtilis, and Streptomyces moharan.

Calculated by weight ratio, the trace elements are composed of 2-10 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate, 5-10 parts of calcium chloride, 4-16 parts of boric acid, 3-10 parts of manganese oxide, chlorine 5-10 parts of ammonium chloride, 6-12 parts of sodium molybdate, preferably 6 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 7.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 7.5 parts of calcium chloride, 10 parts of boric acid, 6.5 parts of manganese oxide, 7.5 parts of ammonium chloride , 9 parts of sodium molybdate.

Calculated by weight ratio, the synergist is composed of 5-10 parts of amidino thiourea, 8-14 parts of N-butyl thiophosphoric triamide, 7.5 parts of sodium hexametaphosphate, preferably 7.5 parts of amidino thiourea parts, 11 parts of N-butyl thiophosphoric triamide, and 1 part of sodium hexametaphosphate.

Calculated by weight ratio, the fertilizer particle layer, calculated by weight ratio, is composed of 20-40 parts of urea, 35-65 parts of humic acid, 15-30 parts of potassium phosphate, 10-20 parts of molybdenum sulfate, 5- 10 parts, 8-15 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5-10 parts of trace elements, 10-20 parts of synergist.

Calculated by weight ratio, the coating layer is 10-20 parts of gelatin, 1-5 parts of polyethylene glycol, 20-40 parts of water, and 10-25 parts of oxidized sodium alginate.

Calculated by weight ratio, in the composite protective layer, there are 2-10 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria Circularis, 3-8 parts of Bacillus subtilis, and 5-10 parts of Streptomyces mobara.

The compound fertilizer of the present invention is calculated, calculated in mass percentage, and contains the following elements: nitrogen 20-40%, phosphorus 10-15%, potassium 10-15%, molybdenum 5-10%, sulfur 8-15%, magnesium 3- 8%, calcium 0.5-1.2%, iron 0.3-1.0%, zinc 0.3-1.0%, sodium 0.5-1.5%, manganese 0.3-1.1%, boron 0.03-0.25%.

Further, calculated by mass percentage, it contains the following elements: nitrogen 30%, phosphorus 13%, potassium 14%, molybdenum 7%, sulfur 11%, magnesium 6%, calcium 0.8%, iron 0.6%, zinc 0.6%, sodium 1.0 %, manganese 0.7%, boron 0.14%.

Further, calculated by weight ratio, 35 parts of described fertilizer particle layer urea, 50 parts of humic acid, 22.5 parts of potassium phosphate, 15 parts of molybdenum sulfate, 7.5 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 11.5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 7.5 parts of trace elements, 7.5 parts of increase 15 parts of effect agent; 15 parts of described coating layer is gelatin, 3 parts of polyethylene glycol, 30 parts of water, 17.5 parts of oxidized sodium alginate; 5.5 parts and 7.5 parts of Streptomyces mohara.

The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the efficient and environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizer of the present invention, comprising the following steps:

(1) urea is heated and melted to form a urea melt, then urea, humic acid, potassium phosphate, molybdenum sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, magnesium sulfate are added therein, and mixed uniformly; then trace elements and synergists are added, and the mixing is uniform, Slurry is obtained; the slurry is input into the granulation tower through the granulator for high tower granulation to obtain granular fertilizer; the granular fertilizer is sent to the primary cooler and the secondary cooler through the conveying equipment for cooling to 30-35 ° C; Vibrate and sieve to obtain fertilizer particles with a particle size of 2-3mm;

(2) adding gelatin and oxidized sodium alginate to the water of 5% polyethylene glycol, warming up to 65° C. while mixing and stirring, to obtain coating layer liquid;

(3) The fertilizer granules of step (1) put into the granulator are sprayed into the coating layer liquid of step (2), so that the coating layer liquid is wrapped outside the fertilizer granules as a protective layer, and is ventilated and dried to contain The amount of water is 5-10%;

(4) Mixing the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and Streptomyces mohara evenly to obtain a composite microbial inoculum; then use the composite microbial inoculum to perform powder coating treatment on the primary coated fertilizer to obtain an efficient and environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizer .

The third object of the present invention is to provide a plant, especially a peach tree and a poplar, cultivated using the compound fertilizer of the present invention.

The high-efficiency and environment-friendly slow-release fertilizer of the present invention is used as base fertilizer and top-dressing fertilizer for peach trees, tomatoes, potatoes and other plants. Compared with the prior art, the main advantages are: the high-efficiency and environment-friendly slow-release fertilizer of the present invention, the coating layer contains gelatin, polyethylene glycol, water, and oxidized sodium alginate, and is used by the preferred ratio of gelatin and oxidized sodium alginate, The formation of a stable water storage layer can significantly improve the water absorption capacity of the soil, and at the same time, it also has a good water retention and moisturizing ability, which can slow down the evaporation of water in the soil. The enhanced water storage capacity further enables the fertilizer granules to continuously release nutrients in an aqueous environment.

Urea, humic acid, potassium phosphate, molybdenum sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, magnesium sulfate, trace elements and synergists are added to this product. By adding synergists, urea and humic acid can be decomposed continuously and effectively, resulting in The decomposition of N, P, K and other elements is partly supplied to plants for utilization, while part of the urea, humic acid, etc. are used in the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and Streptomyces mohara, which can effectively provide plants in barren soil. Various ingredients.

The invention adopts a three-layer preparation process, which can significantly improve the soil aggregate structure, loosen the soil, improve the soil's fertilizer-retaining ability, and significantly improve the yield of economic crops, especially peach trees. The test results of the slow-release performance in soil show that the product does not exceed 75% on the 28th day, which meets the slow-release standard of the European Committee of Standards (CEN) for slow-release fertilizers, indicating that it has good slow-release performance.

specific embodiment

In order to fully illustrate the formulation of the patent of the present invention, the formulation of the present invention and its preparation method are described in the following examples. These examples are only for illustration and should not be interpreted or construed as a limitation on the protection of the present invention.

Example 1:

An efficient and environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizer formula contains the following ingredients in kg of weight:

The fertilizer particle layer, calculated in weight ratio, consists of 20kg of urea, 35kg of humic acid, 15kg of potassium phosphate, 10kg of molybdenum sulfate, 5kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 8kg of magnesium sulfate, 5kg of trace elements, and 10kg of synergist.

Trace elements are composed of zinc sulfate heptahydrate 2kg, ferrous sulfate 5kg, calcium chloride kg, boric acid 4kg, manganese oxide 3kg, ammonium chloride 5kg, sodium molybdate 6kg,

The synergist consists of amidine thiourea 5kg, N-butyl thiophosphoric triamide 8kg, and sodium hexametaphosphate 1kg.

The coating layer is 10kg of gelatin, 1kg of polyethylene glycol, 20kg of water, and 10kg of oxidized sodium alginate.

Calculated by weight ratio, in the composite protective layer, 2 kg of Nitrogenophilus Circularis, 3 kg of Bacillus subtilis, and 5 kg of Streptomyces Mobara.

(1) urea is heated and melted to form a urea melt, then urea, humic acid, potassium phosphate, molybdenum sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, magnesium sulfate are added therein, and mixed uniformly; then trace elements and synergists are added, and the mixing is uniform, Slurry is obtained; the slurry is input into the granulation tower through the granulator for high tower granulation to obtain granular fertilizer; the granular fertilizer is sent to the primary cooler and the secondary cooler through the conveying equipment for cooling to 30-35 ° C; Vibrate and sieve to obtain fertilizer particles with a particle size of 2-3mm;

(2) adding gelatin and oxidized sodium alginate to the water of 5% polyethylene glycol, warming up to 65° C. while mixing and stirring, to obtain coating layer liquid;

(3) The fertilizer granules of step (1) put into the granulator are sprayed into the coating layer liquid of step (2), so that the coating layer liquid is wrapped outside the fertilizer granules as a protective layer, and is ventilated and dried to contain The amount of water is 5-10%;

(4) Mixing the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and Streptomyces mohara evenly to obtain a composite microbial inoculum; then use the composite microbial inoculum to perform powder coating treatment on the primary coated fertilizer to obtain an efficient and environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizer .

Example 2:

An efficient and environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizer formula contains the following ingredients in kg of weight:

The fertilizer particle layer, calculated by weight ratio, consists of 40kg of urea, 65kg of humic acid, 30kg of potassium phosphate, 20kg of molybdenum sulfate, 10kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 15kg of magnesium sulfate, 10kg of trace elements, and 20kg of synergist.

The trace elements consist of 10kg of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 10kg of ferrous sulfate, 10kg of calcium chloride, 16kg of boric acid, 10kg of manganese oxide, 10kg of ammonium chloride and 12kg of sodium molybdate.

The synergist consists of 10 kg of amidine thiourea, 14 kg of N-butyl thiophosphoric triamide, and 1 kg of sodium hexametaphosphate.

The coating layer is 20kg of gelatin, 5kg of polyethylene glycol, 40kg of water, and 25kg of oxidized sodium alginate.

Calculated by weight ratio, in the composite protective layer, 10 kg of Nitrogenophilus Circularis, 8 kg of Bacillus subtilis, and 10 kg of Streptomyces moharan.

(1) urea is heated and melted to form a urea melt, then urea, humic acid, potassium phosphate, molybdenum sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, magnesium sulfate are added therein, and mixed uniformly; then trace elements and synergists are added, and the mixing is uniform, Slurry is obtained; the slurry is input into the granulation tower through the granulator for high tower granulation to obtain granular fertilizer; the granular fertilizer is sent to the primary cooler and the secondary cooler through the conveying equipment for cooling to 30-35 ° C; Vibrate and sieve to obtain fertilizer particles with a particle size of 2-3mm;

(2) adding gelatin and oxidized sodium alginate to the water of 5% polyethylene glycol, warming up to 65° C. while mixing and stirring, to obtain coating layer liquid;

(3) The fertilizer granules of step (1) put into the granulator are sprayed into the coating layer liquid of step (2), so that the coating layer liquid is wrapped outside the fertilizer granules as a protective layer, and is ventilated and dried to contain The amount of water is 5-10%;

(4) Mixing the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and Streptomyces mohara evenly to obtain a composite microbial inoculum; then use the composite microbial inoculum to perform powder coating treatment on the primary coated fertilizer to obtain an efficient and environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizer .

Example 3:

An efficient and environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizer formula contains the following ingredients in kg of weight:

Fertilizer granular layer urea 35kg, humic acid 50kg, potassium phosphate 22.5kg, molybdenum sulfate 15kg, ammonium bicarbonate 7.5kg, magnesium sulfate 11.5kg, trace elements 7.5kg, synergist 15kg.

The coating layer is 15kg of gelatin, 3kg of polyethylene glycol, 30kg of water, and 17.5kg of oxidized sodium alginate.

The composite protective layer contains 6 kg of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis 5.5 kg, and Streptomyces mohara 7.5 kg.

The trace elements consist of 6kg of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 7.5kg of ferrous sulfate, 7.5kg of calcium chloride, 10kg of boric acid, 6.5kg of manganese oxide, 7.5kg of ammonium chloride and 9kg of sodium molybdate.

The synergist consists of 7.5 kg of amidinothiourea, 11 kg of N-butyl thiophosphoric triamide, and 1 kg of sodium hexametaphosphate.

(1) urea is heated and melted to form a urea melt, then urea, humic acid, potassium phosphate, molybdenum sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, magnesium sulfate are added therein, and mixed uniformly; then trace elements and synergists are added, and the mixing is uniform, Slurry is obtained; the slurry is input into the granulation tower through the granulator for high tower granulation to obtain granular fertilizer; the granular fertilizer is sent to the primary cooler and the secondary cooler through the conveying equipment for cooling to 30-35 ° C; Vibrate and sieve to obtain fertilizer particles with a particle size of 2-3mm;

(2) adding gelatin and oxidized sodium alginate to the water of 5% polyethylene glycol, warming up to 65° C. while mixing and stirring, to obtain coating layer liquid;

(3) The fertilizer granules of step (1) put into the granulator are sprayed into the coating layer liquid of step (2), so that the coating layer liquid is wrapped outside the fertilizer granules as a protective layer, and is ventilated and dried to contain The amount of water is 5-10%;

(4) Mixing the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and Streptomyces mohara evenly to obtain a composite microbial inoculum; then use the composite microbial inoculum to perform powder coating treatment on the primary coated fertilizer to obtain an efficient and environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizer .

Comparative Example 1:

An efficient and environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizer formula contains the following ingredients in kg of weight:

The coating layer is 15kg of gelatin, 3kg of polyethylene glycol, 30kg of water, and 17.5kg of oxidized guar gum. Others are the same as in Example 3.

Comparative Example 2:

An efficient and environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizer formula contains the following ingredients in kg of weight:

No synergist was added, and others were the same as in Example 3.

Comparative Example 3:

An efficient and environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizer formula contains the following ingredients in kg of weight:

No sodium molybdate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, others are the same as in Example 3.

Comparative Example 4:

An efficient and environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizer formula contains the following ingredients in kg of weight:

The fertilizer particle layer, calculated by weight ratio, consists of 15kg of urea, 30kg of humic acid, 40kg of potassium phosphate, 5kg of molybdenum sulfate, 10kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 15kg of magnesium sulfate, 10kg of trace elements, and 20kg of synergist.

The trace elements consist of 12kg of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 3kg of ferrous sulfate, 10kg of calcium chloride, 16kg of boric acid, 10kg of manganese oxide, 10kg of ammonium chloride and 12kg of sodium molybdate.

The synergist consists of 14 kg of amidine thiourea, 4 kg of N-butyl thiophosphoric triamide, and 0.5 kg of sodium hexametaphosphate.

The coating layer is 5kg of gelatin, 5kg of polyethylene glycol, 40kg of water, and 25kg of oxidized sodium alginate.

The preparation method is the same as in Example 3.

Comparative Example 5:

An efficient and environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizer formula contains the following ingredients in kg of weight:

The raw material composition and content are the same as in Example 3

The preparation method is:

(1) urea is heated and melted to form a urea melt, then urea, humic acid, potassium phosphate, molybdenum sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, magnesium sulfate are added therein, and mixed uniformly; then trace elements and synergists are added, and the mixing is uniform, Slurry is obtained; the slurry is input into the granulation tower through the granulator for high tower granulation to obtain granular fertilizer; the granular fertilizer is sent to the primary cooler and the secondary cooler through the conveying equipment for cooling to 30-35 ° C; Vibrate and sieve to obtain fertilizer granules with a particle size of 2-3mm; mix the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and Streptomyces moharan evenly to obtain a composite microbial inoculum; then use the composite microbial inoculum to coat the primary coating Fertilizers are treated with dusting powder and film, for use;

(2) then add gelatin and oxidized sodium alginate to the water of 5% polyethylene glycol, and heat up to 65°C while mixing and stirring to obtain coating liquid; Release fertilizer.

Comparative Example 6:

Without the composite protective layer, the others are the same as in Example 3.

Verification test:

1. The influence of the compound fertilizer of the present invention on the growth of economic plants

1.1 Test object: peach tree.

Test grouping: 150 peach trees with good growth were selected and randomly divided into 10 groups with 15 trees in each group, namely blank group, commercially available group, 1 group of comparative example, 2 groups of comparative example, 3 groups of comparative example, Comparative Example 4 group, Comparative Example 5 group and Example 1 group, Example II group, Example III group, each embodiment corresponds to the corresponding group, and the production status and health status of each group of peach trees have no difference. Significant difference (P>0.05).

Test method: The seedlings of the above groups were isolated, the blank group was not treated, and only 5kg/plant of water was given; the fertilizer dosage of the control example group and the example group was 5kg/plant. The specific seedling height growth was observed after 1 year of growth. Among them, the commercially available group was a commercially available common compound fertilizer, and its NPK and other components were defined by the national standard "GB/T23348-2009 Slow-release Fertilizers", and other conditions were the same.

Test index: the weight of the peach.

Table 1 The influence of each group of examples on the weight of peach

Note: Compared with the commercially available group, ^# P<0.5 has a significant difference, ^## P<0.05 has a significant difference.

As can be seen from Table 1, the compound fertilizer of the present invention and the compound fertilizer in the market have an obvious promoting effect on the receipt of peaches.

The effects of Examples 1-3 are remarkable, especially the receipt of peaches of Example 3 is obviously better than that of other implementation groups.

The change of the coating layer of Comparative Example 1 can not effectively play the effect of maintaining quality and water, and the synergist in Comparative Example 2 is not added, and the fertilizer effect cannot be effectively released. The changes of trace elements or fertilizers in Comparative Examples 3 and 4 The change of particle content does not have sodium molybdate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, can not achieve the technical effect of the present invention similarly, the preparation method of comparative example 5 is different, and is inferior to the level of the embodiment of the present invention in terms of output, and the commercially available composite type Although the fertilizer has a certain promoting effect, it is still not as good as the technical effect of the present invention.

1.2. Test object: peach tree nursery

Test grouping: peach tree nursery group: select the peach tree nursery with good growth, and randomly divide it into 10 equal parts, namely blank group, commercially available group, comparative example 1 group, comparative example 2 group, comparative example 3 groups, Comparative Example 4 group, Comparative Example 5 group and Example I group, Example II group, Example III group, each example corresponds to the corresponding group, and the growth status and seedling height between each group of poplars are not significant difference (P>0.05).

Test method: The seedlings of the above groups were isolated, the blank group was not treated, and only 5kg/plant of water was given; the fertilizer dosage of the control example group and the example group was 5kg/plant. The specific seedling height growth was observed after 1 year of growth. Among them, the commercially available group was a commercially available common compound fertilizer, and its NPK and other components were defined by the national standard "GB/T23348-2009 Slow-release Fertilizers", and other conditions were the same.

Test indicators: seedling height growth and ground diameter growth.

The influence of each embodiment group of table 2 on the growth of peach tree nursery

As can be seen from Table 2: the compound fertilizer of the present invention and the compound fertilizer of the market have obvious promoting effects on the growth of peach trees and the growth of the root system, and the compound fertilizer effect of the present invention is better than the commercially available effect.

1.3. Test objects: tomatoes and potatoes

Test grouping: select test fields with the same or similar terrain, tomato and potatoes are interplanted, and randomly divided into 10 groups, namely blank group, commercial group, comparative example 1 group, comparative example 2 group, comparative example 3 group, comparison Example 4 group, Comparative Example 5 group and Example I group, Example II group, Example III group, each embodiment corresponds to the corresponding group, the plant growth or product yield in the previous year between places There was no significant difference (P>0.05).

Test method: The test fields of the above groups were isolated, the blank group was not treated, and only 5kg of water was given; the fertilizer dosage of the control example group and the example group was 5kg. Its NPK and other components are limited by the national standard "GB/T23348-2009 Slow-release Fertilizer", and other conditions are the same.

Test index: weight of tomatoes and potatoes.

The influence of each group of examples of table 3 on the weight of peach

Note: Compared with the commercially available group, ^# P<0.5 has a significant difference, ^## P<0.05 has a significant difference.

As can be seen from Table 1, the compound fertilizer of the present invention and the compound fertilizer in the market have an obvious promoting effect on the receipt of peaches.

2. Sustained release determination

Take 1 gram of the compound fertilizer of Example 3 and 180 grams of dry soil (pass through a 26-mesh sieve) and mix it well, put it into a 300 mL beaker, add 120 grams of tap water, and do 8 in parallel (during the experiment, add distilled water to keep the Water content unchanged), take one at 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 days respectively, and extract it with 0.01M CaCl ₂ solution to measure the nitrogen content. At the same time, a blank sample and two control samples were made, in which no fertilizer was added to the blank sample, one control sample was added with 1 g of compound fertilizer of Example 3 without any treatment of urea, and the other control sample was added with 1 g The compound fertilizer of Comparative Example 1), wherein the total nitrogen content of urea is equal to the compound fertilizer of Example 3. The nitrogen content in each sample was determined by the Kelvin digestion method. Calculate the release ratio.

As shown in Table 4, the nutrient release amount of urea has exceeded 90% on the day when urea is added to the soil; while the comparative example 1 group has slowed down compared with pure urea, but is still significantly higher than the nitrogen release rate of environmentally friendly coated urea. Example group 3 had a nitrogen release of 9, 16 and 72 wt % on days 2, 5 and 30, respectively. No more than 75% on day 28, with good sustained release properties.

Table 4 Slow-release standards for slow-release fertilizers

3. The compound fertilizer of the present invention was tested on soil physical and chemical properties.

The control soil was a commercially available compound fertilizer, and its NPK and other components were defined by the national standard "GB15063-2009 Compound Fertilizer". Table 5 Effects of each group of fertilizers on soil physical and chemical properties

It can be seen from the experimental results in Table 5 that the fertilizer developed by this patent can change the physical and chemical properties of the soil, adjust the pH of the soil, and increase the cation exchange capacity.

Based on the above experimental results, the application of this fertilizer on crops can promote plant growth and root development; through the adsorption of fertilizers, the utilization rate of available nutrients in the soil can be improved to achieve the purpose of rapid application; at the same time, the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be improved, Improve soil cation exchange capacity, adjust soil pH, capture soil harmful metal ions, prevent soil pollution, and meet the concept of energy saving and environmental protection.

Claims (9)

1. a high-efficiency environment-friendly slow-release fertilizer, is characterized in that, comprises fertilizer particle layer, coating layer, composite protective layer; Described fertilizer particle layer contains urea, humic acid, potassium phosphate, molybdenum sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, sulfuric acid Magnesium, trace elements and synergists; the coating layer is gelatin, polyethylene glycol, water, and sodium alginate oxide; the composite protective layer is nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces mohara . 2. high-efficiency environment-friendly slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, by weight ratio, described trace element comprises 2-10 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate, calcium chloride 5-10 parts, 4-16 parts of boric acid, 3-10 parts of manganese oxide, 5-10 parts of ammonium chloride, 6-12 parts of sodium molybdate, preferably 6 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 7.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, chlorine 7.5 parts of calcium chloride, 10 parts of boric acid, 6.5 parts of manganese oxide, 7.5 parts of ammonium chloride, and 9 parts of sodium molybdate. 3. high-efficiency environment-friendly slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, by weight ratio, described synergist comprises 5-10 parts of amidine thiourea, N-butyl thiophosphoric triamide 8-14 parts, 1 part of sodium hexametaphosphate, preferably 7.5 parts of amidinothiourea, 11 parts of N-butyl thiophosphoric triamide, and 1 part of sodium hexametaphosphate. 4. high-efficiency environment-friendly slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, by weight ratio, described fertilizer particle layer 20-40 parts of urea, 35-65 parts of humic acid, 15-30 parts of potassium phosphate , 10-20 parts of molybdenum sulfate, 5-10 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 8-15 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5-10 parts of trace elements, and 10-20 parts of synergist. 5. high-efficiency environment-friendly slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, by weight ratio, described coating layer is 10-20 parts of gelatin, 1-5 parts of polyethylene glycol, 20-40 parts of water parts, 10-25 parts of oxidized sodium alginate. 6. high-efficiency environment-friendly slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, by weight ratio, described composite protective layer 2-10 parts of Nitrogenobacter Circularis, 3-8 parts of Bacillus subtilis, Mohara sprocket 5-10 copies of filamentous fungi. 7. The high-efficiency environment-friendly slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, calculated by mass percentage, it comprises the following elements: nitrogen 20-40%, phosphorus 10-15%, potassium 10-15%, molybdenum 5-10% %, sulfur 8-15%, magnesium 3-8%, calcium 0.5-1.2%, iron 0.3-1.0%, zinc 0.3-1.0%, sodium 0.5-1.5%, manganese 0.3-1.1%, boron 0.03-0.25%. 8. high-efficiency environment-friendly slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, by weight ratio, described fertilizer particle layer 35 parts of urea, 50 parts of humic acid, 22.5 parts of potassium phosphate, 15 parts of molybdenum sulfate, 7.5 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 11.5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 7.5 parts of trace elements, and 15 parts of synergist; the coating layer is 15 parts of gelatin, 3 parts of polyethylene glycol, 30 parts of water, and 17.5 parts of oxidized sodium alginate; The composite protective layer contained 6 copies of Nitrogenobacterium circulans, 5.5 copies of Bacillus subtilis, and 7.5 copies of Streptomyces mobara. 9. a method for preparing the high-efficiency environment-friendly slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1) urea is heated and melted to form a urea melt, then urea, humic acid, potassium phosphate, molybdenum sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, magnesium sulfate are added therein, and mixed uniformly; then trace elements and synergists are added, and the mixing is uniform, Slurry is obtained; the slurry is input into the granulation tower through the granulator for high tower granulation to obtain granular fertilizer; the granular fertilizer is sent to the primary cooler and the secondary cooler through the conveying equipment for cooling to 30-35 ° C; Vibrate and sieve to obtain fertilizer particles with a particle size of 2-3mm; (2) adding gelatin and oxidized sodium alginate to the water of 5% polyethylene glycol, warming up to 65°C while mixing and stirring, to obtain the coating layer liquid; (3) The fertilizer granules of step (1) put into the granulator are sprayed into the coating layer liquid of step (2), so that the coating layer liquid is wrapped outside the fertilizer granules as a protective layer, and is ventilated and dried to contain The amount of water is 5-10%; (4) Mixing the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and Streptomyces mohara homogeneously to obtain a composite microbial inoculum; and then use the composite microbial inoculum to perform powder coating treatment on the primary coated fertilizer to obtain a high-efficiency environmental protection slow-release Fat.