WO2014196177A1 - 非水電解質二次電池及び非水電解質二次電池の製造方法 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池及び非水電解質二次電池の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014196177A1 WO2014196177A1 PCT/JP2014/002891 JP2014002891W WO2014196177A1 WO 2014196177 A1 WO2014196177 A1 WO 2014196177A1 JP 2014002891 W JP2014002891 W JP 2014002891W WO 2014196177 A1 WO2014196177 A1 WO 2014196177A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and a method for producing a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries such as lithium ion secondary batteries have a higher energy density than other secondary batteries such as lead storage batteries and alkaline storage batteries. Therefore, it is widely used as a power source for portable devices such as mobile phones.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery hereinafter also referred to as “battery” as a power source of a moving body such as an electric vehicle has been actively conducted.
- an insulating layer is formed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and in order to improve battery characteristics, a non-aqueous electrolyte is used. It has been studied to add various compounds to.
- Patent Document 1 a porous insulating layer is formed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and by containing unsaturated sultone in the non-aqueous electrolyte, the storage characteristics of the battery are improved, and the initial rate characteristics are extended over a long period of time. It is described that it is maintained.
- Patent Document 1 may deposit metallic lithium on the negative electrode surface when the battery is charged in a low temperature environment.
- demand for lithium ion batteries (non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries) in applications in which charging is performed by exposure to a low-temperature environment, such as power supplies for mobile bodies such as hybrid cars, has increased. Therefore, when charging the battery at a low temperature, it is very important to suppress the deposition of metallic lithium on the negative electrode surface.
- a battery having a porous insulating layer between a positive electrode and a negative electrode has a specific structure. It has been found that, when the non-aqueous electrolyte contains the cyclic sulfate ester compound or the cyclic disulfonate ester compound, it is possible to suppress the deposition of metallic lithium on the negative electrode surface when the battery is charged in a low temperature environment.
- a first aspect of the present application is a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte, and having an insulating layer between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the nonaqueous electrolyte includes:
- the cyclic sulfate compound represented by the following general formula (1) or the cyclic disulfonate compound represented by the following general formula (4) is contained.
- an insulating layer is formed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the cyclic sulfate is represented by the cyclic sulfate compound represented by the general formula (1) or the cyclic disulfone represented by the general formula (4).
- a battery containing an acid ester compound can suppress the deposition of metallic lithium on the surface of the negative electrode when the battery is charged in a low temperature environment.
- a separator is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode in the battery according to the first invention.
- the cyclic sulfate ester compound represented by the general formula (1) in the battery according to the first or second invention is a compound represented by the following formula (5)
- the compound represented by the formula (6) or the compound represented by the following formula (7), the cyclic disulfonic acid ester compound represented by the general formula (4) is a compound represented by the following formula (8), A compound represented by the following formula (9) or a compound represented by the following formula (10).
- the battery containing the compound represented by any one of the formula (8), the formula (9) and the formula (10) may be another cyclic sulfate compound or Compared with a battery containing a cyclic disulfonic acid ester compound, when charging the battery in a low temperature environment, it is preferable because precipitation of metallic lithium on the negative electrode surface can be further suppressed.
- the cyclic sulfate compound represented by the general formula (1) or the cyclic represented by the general formula (4) in the battery according to any one of the first to fourth inventions is 4.0% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte.
- the cyclic sulfate compound represented by the general formula (1) or the cyclic disulfonate ester represented by the general formula (4) By making the content of the compound 4.0% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte, it is possible to further suppress the deposition of metallic lithium on the negative electrode surface when charging the battery in a low temperature environment. .
- the cyclic sulfate compound represented by the general formula (1) or the cyclic represented by the general formula (4) in the battery according to any one of the first to seventh inventions is 0.01% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte in the battery according to any one of the first to eighth inventions contains lithium difluorophosphate.
- the content of lithium difluorophosphate in the battery according to any one of the first to ninth aspects is 2.0% by mass or less based on the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte. It is.
- the content of lithium difluorophosphate in the battery according to any one of the first to tenth aspects is 1.5% by mass relative to the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte. It is as follows.
- the content of lithium difluorophosphate in the battery according to any one of the first to twelfth inventions is 0.05 mass relative to the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte. % Or more.
- the insulating layer in the battery according to any one of the first to thirteenth inventions is a porous layer containing an inorganic oxide.
- the seventeenth invention of the present application is a method for producing a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and a nonaqueous electrolyte, wherein an insulating layer is formed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the cyclic sulfate compound represented by the general formula (1) or the cyclic disulfonate compound represented by the general formula (4) is 4 as the non-aqueous electrolyte with respect to the total mass of the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte containing 0.0 mass% or less is used.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery (hereinafter also referred to as “battery”) shown in FIG. 1 has a positive electrode mixture containing a positive electrode active material applied to both surfaces of a positive electrode current collector made of an aluminum foil or an aluminum alloy foil.
- a negative electrode plate shown in FIG. 2 in which a negative electrode mixture containing a negative electrode active material is applied to both surfaces of a negative electrode current collector made of copper foil and an insulating layer is formed on the surface of the negative electrode mixture layer.
- a power generation element wound through a separator The power generation element is housed in a battery case.
- a method for forming the insulating layer will be described later, but is not particularly limited. The formation location of the insulating layer may be the surface portion of the separator facing the mixture layer on the electrode plate.
- the positive electrode plate is connected to the battery lid via a positive electrode lead.
- the negative electrode plate is connected to a negative electrode terminal provided on the battery lid.
- the battery lid is attached by laser welding so as to close the opening of the battery case.
- a hole is provided in the battery case. A non-aqueous electrolyte is injected into the battery case through the hole, and the hole after sealing the non-aqueous electrolyte is sealed to complete the battery.
- the insulating layer formed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is not the same as the separator and does not correspond to the separator. That is, in the battery according to the present invention, a separator is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an insulating layer is further formed.
- the separator in the present embodiment plays a role of electrically isolating the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, and the shape, material and the like are not particularly limited.
- As the separator it is preferable to use a porous film or a nonwoven fabric alone or in combination.
- Examples of the material constituting the separator include polyolefin resins typified by polyethylene, polypropylene, etc .; polyester resins typified by polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, etc .; polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, Vinylidene fluoride-perfluorovinyl ether copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoroacetone copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-ethylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-propylene copolymer , Vinylidene fluoride-trifluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-ethylene-tetrafluoro
- the nonaqueous electrolyte of the present invention contains a cyclic sulfate compound represented by the general formula (1) or a cyclic disulfonate compound represented by the general formula (4).
- R 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen element, or a group represented by General Formula (2) or General Formula (3).
- R 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen element.
- the part of * shows a coupling
- X 1 and X 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a halogen element.
- R 3 and R 4 each independently represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent and may be branched.
- R 3 and R 4 are each independently a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent and may be branched.
- hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent and may be branched —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 — and hydrocarbons represented by the formula (11)
- a hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of groups is preferred.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte is a cyclic sulfate compound represented by the general formula (1) or a cyclic disulfone represented by the general formula (4)
- the acid ester compound By containing the acid ester compound, it is possible to suppress the deposition of metallic lithium on the negative electrode surface when the battery is charged in a low temperature environment. Details of the mechanism by which the deposition of metallic lithium on the negative electrode surface is suppressed are unknown, but are presumed as follows.
- the insulating layer formed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is porous so as not to hinder the flow of the electrolytic solution. Since the insulating layer is a porous layer, lithium ions are held in the insulating layer. When the insulating layer exists between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, a large number of lithium ions exist near the negative electrode surface. As a result, a battery in which an insulating layer is formed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode has a low temperature environment due to the presence of a large amount of lithium ions in the vicinity of the negative electrode surface, compared to a battery without an insulating layer. Thus, it is considered that when lithium batteries are charged under the condition where the diffusibility of lithium ions is lowered, metallic lithium is likely to be deposited on the negative electrode surface.
- the cyclic sulfate compound represented by the general formula (1) or the cyclic disulfonate compound represented by the general formula (4) is contained in the nonaqueous electrolyte, a compound such as unsaturated sultone is added to the nonaqueous electrolyte. Compared to the case where it is contained, it is considered that a coating having a low resistance is formed at the negative electrode-nonaqueous electrolyte interface in the initial stage of use of the battery (use immediately after battery production).
- the compounds represented by the formulas (5) and (6) are difficult to be decomposed in the non-aqueous electrolyte, and are represented by the formula (7).
- the resulting compound is easily decomposed in the non-aqueous electrolyte. If the compound contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte is difficult to be decomposed in the non-aqueous electrolyte, the non-aqueous electrolyte containing the compound is allowed to stand for a certain period of time and then a battery is produced using the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the characteristics are not greatly deteriorated as compared with the characteristics of the battery using the nonaqueous electrolyte immediately after containing these compounds.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte can be stored for a certain period after the compound is contained in the nonaqueous electrolyte, the productivity of the battery is improved, which is preferable.
- the compounds represented by formula (5) to formula (10) the compounds represented by formula (5), formula (6), formula (8), formula (9) or formula (10) It is preferable to use, and it is more preferable to use the compound represented by Formula (5) or Formula (6).
- the battery in which the insulating layer is formed between the separator and the negative electrode is more cyclic sulfate compound represented by the general formula (1) than the battery in which the insulating layer is formed between the separator and the positive electrode.
- the usefulness of this invention which suppresses precipitation of metallic lithium on the surface of a negative electrode improves by containing the cyclic disulfonic acid ester compound represented by General formula (4) in a non-aqueous electrolyte, and is preferable.
- the content of the cyclic sulfate compound represented by the general formula (1) or the cyclic disulfonate compound represented by the general formula (4) is not particularly limited.
- the content of the cyclic sulfate compound represented by the general formula (1) or the cyclic disulfonate compound represented by the general formula (4) is 4.0% by mass or less based on the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte. It is considered that the compound represented by the general formula (1) or the compound represented by the general formula (4) and the nonaqueous solvent can be mixed well with each other.
- the content of the cyclic sulfate compound represented by the general formula (1) or the cyclic disulfonate compound represented by the general formula (4) is 2.0% by mass or less based on the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte
- the cyclic sulfate ester compound represented by the general formula (1) or the cyclic disulfonate ester compound represented by the general formula (4) reacts appropriately at the negative electrode-nonaqueous electrolyte interface to form a film having a suitable thickness. It is considered possible.
- the content of the cyclic sulfate compound represented by the general formula (1) or the cyclic disulfonate compound represented by the general formula (4) is 0.05% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte It is considered that the coating film at the negative electrode-nonaqueous electrolyte interface can be strengthened.
- the cyclic sulfate ester compound represented by the general formula (1) or the cyclic disulfonate ester compound represented by the general formula (4) is consumed by the formation of a film at the negative electrode-nonaqueous electrolyte interface. It was confirmed that the content of the cyclic sulfate compound represented by the general formula (1) or the cyclic disulfonate compound represented by the general formula (4) in the nonaqueous electrolyte in the later battery was significantly reduced. ing.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention is preferable because it contains lithium difluorophosphate, so that the deposition of lithium metal on the negative electrode surface can be further suppressed when the battery is charged in a low temperature environment.
- lithium difluorophosphate in the present invention corresponds to the lithium difluorophosphate of the present invention not only in a state where lithium ions and anions are bonded but also in a state where lithium ions and anions are dissociated.
- inorganic oxide known ones can be used, but inorganic oxides that are excellent in chemical stability when the battery is used are preferable.
- examples of such inorganic oxides include alumina, titania, zirconia, magnesia, silica, boehmite and the like.
- the inorganic oxide is preferably used in the form of powder, and the particle diameter is preferably 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m, particularly 0.05 to 2 ⁇ m.
- an inorganic oxide can be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the binder is not particularly limited, and for example, resin materials such as fluororesin, acrylic resin, rubber particles, polyethersulfone, and polyvinylpyrrolidone can be used.
- resin materials such as fluororesin, acrylic resin, rubber particles, polyethersulfone, and polyvinylpyrrolidone
- fluororesin include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- rubber particles include styrene-butadiene rubber particles and modified acetonitrile rubber particles.
- a binder can be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the insulating layer is formed by applying an insulating layer paste to the surface of the mixture layer containing the active material of the electrode plate and drying, or applying and drying on one or both surfaces in the thickness direction of the separator. Can be formed.
- the thickness of the insulating layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 to 20 ⁇ m, and more preferably 4 to 15 ⁇ m. When the thickness of the insulating layer is 2 ⁇ m or more, an insulating layer having high mechanical strength can be obtained. When the thickness of the insulating layer is 20 ⁇ m or less, the interval between the positive electrode and the negative electrode arranged on both sides of the insulating layer is not excessively widened, and output characteristics can be maintained.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte solution in which an electrolyte salt is dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent can be employed.
- the electrolyte salt include LiClO 4 , LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , LiCF 3 (CF 3 ) 3 , LiCF 3 (C 2 F 5 ) 3 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 CF 2 SO.
- LiPF 6 is suitable as the electrolyte salt from the viewpoint of conductivity, and other electrolyte salts such as LiBF 4 can be mixed and used with LiPF 6 as the main component of the electrolyte salt.
- Non-aqueous solvents include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, trifluoropropylene carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, sulfolane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl propylene acid, ethyl propylene acid, dimethyl Sulfoxide, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate and the like can be used.
- These nonaqueous solvents are preferably mixed and used from the viewpoint of adjusting the conductivity and viscosity of the nonaqueous electrolyte.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention includes carbonates such as vinylene carbonate, methyl vinylene carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate; vinyl acetate, propionic acid for the purpose of improving cycle life characteristics or improving battery safety.
- Carbonates such as vinylene carbonate, methyl vinylene carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate; vinyl acetate, propionic acid for the purpose of improving cycle life characteristics or improving battery safety.
- Vinyl esters such as vinyl; aromatic compounds such as benzene and toluene; halogen-substituted alkanes such as perfluorooctane; silyl esters such as tristrimethylsilyl borate, tristrimethylsilyl phosphate, and tetrakistrimethylsilyl titanate alone or in combination They may be mixed and contained.
- the positive electrode active material in the battery of the present invention is not particularly limited, and various positive electrode active materials can be used.
- the general formula Li x M1 p O 2- ⁇ or Li x M2 q O 4- ⁇ (where M1 and M2 are at least one metal selected from Co, Ni, or Mn, 0.4 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2 0.8 ⁇ p ⁇ 1.2, 1.5 ⁇ q ⁇ 2.2, 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.5), or a composite oxide of lithium and transition metal, or Al , Fe, Cr, Ti, Zn, P, and a compound containing at least one element selected from B can be used.
- a compound having an olivine structure represented by the general formula Li x M3 u PO 4 (where M3 is a 3d transition metal, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, 0.8 ⁇ u ⁇ 1.2) is used as the positive electrode active material. be able to.
- amorphous carbon may be coated on a compound having an olivine structure represented by the general formula Li x M3 u PO 4 .
- the positive electrode plate can contain a conductive agent, a binder, and the like.
- a conductive agent acetylene black, carbon black, graphite or the like can be used.
- the binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, styrene-butadiene rubber, polyacrylonitrile or the like can be used alone or in admixture of two or more.
- the negative electrode active material in the battery of the present invention is not particularly limited, and is a carbon material; an alloy compound of lithium such as Al, Si, Pb, Sn, Zn, and Cd; lithium metal; a general formula M4O z At least one element selected from W, Mo, Si, Cu, and Sn, a metal oxide represented by 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 2), or the like can be used.
- carbon materials are preferable, and graphite, non-graphitizable carbon, graphitizable carbon, or a mixture thereof can be used as the carbon material.
- the negative electrode plate may contain a binder such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) or styrene-butadiene rubber.
- the present invention can also be realized as a power storage device including a plurality of the above non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries.
- a power storage device is shown in FIG.
- the power storage device 30 includes a plurality of power storage units 20.
- Each power storage unit 20 includes a plurality of nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries 1.
- the power storage device 30 can be mounted as a power source for vehicles such as an electric vehicle (EV), a hybrid vehicle (HEV), and a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV).
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of the automobile 100 on which the power storage device 30 is mounted.
- the automobile 100 includes a power storage device 30 and a vehicle body 40 that houses the power storage device 30.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1, the power storage unit 20, or the power storage device 30 preferably includes charge / discharge control means.
- the charge / discharge control means may be provided for each nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1, or may be provided for each power storage unit 20 or each power storage device 30.
- the charge / discharge control means includes charge control means for controlling the inter-terminal voltage of the secondary battery so that it does not rise above the set charge upper limit voltage during charging.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery shown in FIG. 1 and the negative electrode plate shown in FIG. 2 were manufactured as follows. 1. Production of Nonaqueous Electrolyte Secondary Battery of Example 1 (1) Manufacture of Positive Electrode Plate LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 as a positive electrode active material, acetylene black as a conductive additive, and polyfluoride as a binder Viscosity was obtained by adding an appropriate amount of N-methylpyrrolidone (MNP) to a mixture in which the ratio of the positive electrode active material, the conductive additive and the binder was 90% by mass, 5% by mass and 5% by mass, respectively, using vinylidene fluoride (PVdF). A positive electrode mixture paste was prepared.
- MNP N-methylpyrrolidone
- the positive electrode mixture paste was applied to both sides of an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m and dried to prepare a positive electrode plate.
- the positive electrode plate was provided with a portion where the aluminum foil not coated with the positive electrode mixture was exposed, and the portion where the aluminum foil was exposed and the positive electrode lead were joined.
- the inorganic oxide Al 2 O 3
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the inorganic oxide and the binder are 94% by mass and 6% by mass, respectively.
- An appropriate amount of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) was added to the mixture obtained to prepare a paste with adjusted viscosity. This paste was applied on the negative electrode mixture layer and dried to form an insulating layer. At this time, the average thickness of the insulating layer was set to 5 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode plate was provided with a portion where the copper foil on which the negative electrode mixture layer and the insulating layer were not formed was exposed, and the portion where the copper foil was exposed was bonded to the negative electrode plate lead.
- a power generation element was produced by winding a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate with a separator interposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate.
- the power generation element was housed in the battery case from the opening of the battery case. After joining the positive electrode plate lead to the battery lid and joining the negative electrode plate lead to the negative electrode terminal, the battery lid is fitted into the opening of the battery case and the battery case and the battery lid are joined by laser welding. A non-injected secondary battery in which the water electrolyte was not injected into the battery case was produced.
- non-aqueous electrolyte LiPF 6 in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC): dimethyl carbonate (DMC): ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) 3: 2: 5 (volume ratio) was 1 mol / L.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte was prepared by dissolving at a concentration and adding the compound represented by the formula (5) so that the content of the compound was 1.0% by mass with respect to the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte.
- the battery of Example 1 was produced by injecting a non-aqueous electrolyte from an injection port provided on the side surface of the battery case, and sealing the injection port with a stopper.
- Example 12 The battery of Example 1 except that the compound represented by the formula (8) is contained in an amount of 1.0% by mass relative to the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte instead of the compound represented by the formula (5).
- a battery of Example 12 was produced by the same method.
- Example 13 The battery of Example 1 except that the compound represented by the formula (9) is contained in an amount of 1.0% by mass relative to the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte instead of the compound represented by the formula (5).
- a battery of Example 13 was produced by the same method.
- Example 14 The battery of Example 1 except that the compound represented by the formula (10) is contained in an amount of 1.0% by mass relative to the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte instead of the compound represented by the formula (5).
- a battery of Example 14 was produced by the same method.
- Example 15 instead of the compound represented by Formula (5), the compound represented by Formula (5) and lithium difluorophosphate were each 1.0 mass relative to the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte.
- a battery of Example 15 was produced in the same manner as the battery of Example 1, except that the content was%.
- 1,3-propene sultone was used in the same manner as the battery of Example 1 except that 1.0 mass% was contained with respect to the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte. Thus, a battery of Comparative Example 2 was produced.
- the degree of deposition of metallic lithium is determined. Evaluated.
- Table 1 shows the comparison results of the amount of metal lithium deposited in the batteries of Examples 1 to 15 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 (comparison of the decrease in discharge capacity after the low-temperature charge characteristic test with respect to the initial discharge capacity).
- Batteries (Examples 1 to 15) in which the compound represented by the formula (8), the formula (9) or the formula (10) is contained in a non-aqueous electrolyte are vinylene carbonate or unsaturated sultone 1,3 -Compared with batteries containing propene sultone in a non-aqueous electrolyte (Comparative Examples 1 and 2), it was found that the deposition of metallic lithium on the negative electrode surface can be suppressed when charging the battery in a low temperature environment.
- the cyclic sulfate compound represented by the general formula (1) or the cyclic disulfonate compound represented by the general formula (4) has an SO 4 group or two or more SO 3 groups in the structure, these compounds It is considered that the resistance of the coating film at the negative electrode-nonaqueous electrolyte interface formed by the above was lowered. Due to the low resistance of the coating formed at the negative electrode-nonaqueous electrolyte interface, lithium ions are smoothly inserted between the layers of the negative electrode active material even if the diffusibility of lithium ions is reduced in a low temperature environment. It is thought that precipitation of the upper metallic lithium was suppressed.
- Table 2 shows the rate of change in battery thickness before and after the 60 ° C. cycle life test in the batteries of Example 1 and Examples 10 to 13.
- the battery (Example 1, Example 10, Example 12 and Example 13) in which the compound represented by the formula (9) is contained in the nonaqueous electrolyte is a cyclic sulfate represented by the general formula (1).
- the cyclic sulfate compound represented by the formula (5) or the formula (6) or the cyclic disulfonate compound represented by the formula (8) or the formula (9) has 2 in the structure. Since it has one or more SO 4 groups or two or more SO 3 groups, the negative electrode-non-negative compared with the cyclic sulfate compound represented by the formula (7) having only one SO 4 group in the structure It is thought that the film is firmly formed by the water electrolyte interface.
- Example 10 Example 10
- Example 13 the decomposition reaction of the nonaqueous solvent on the negative electrode is suppressed and the battery swells compared to the battery of Example 11. It is thought that it was suppressed.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention suppresses the deposition of metallic lithium on the negative electrode surface when charging the battery in a low temperature environment, and power sources for automobiles such as electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, etc. Useful as.
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Abstract
Description
以上から、式(5)~式(10)で表される化合物の中でも、式(5)、式(6)、式(8)、式(9)又は式(10)で表される化合物を用いることが好ましく、式(5)又は式(6)で表される化合物を用いることがより好ましい。
1.実施例1の非水電解質二次電池の作製
(1)正極板の製造
正極活物質としてLiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2、導電助剤としてアセチレンブラック及び結着剤としてポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)を用い、正極活物質、導電助剤及び結着剤の比率をそれぞれ90質量%、5質量%及び5質量%とした混合物にN-メチルピロリドン(MNP)を適量加えて粘度を調整した正極合剤ペーストを作製した。この正極合剤ペーストを厚み20μmのアルミニウム箔の両面に塗布して乾燥することにより正極板を作製した。正極板には正極合剤が塗布されていないアルミニウム箔が露出した部位を設け、アルミニウム箔が露出した部位と正極リードとを接合した。
負極活物質として難黒鉛化炭素、結着剤としてポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)を用い、負極活物質及び結着剤をそれぞれ90質量%及び10質量%とした混合物にN-メチルピロリドン(NMP)を適量加えて粘度を調整した負極合剤ペーストを作製した。この負極合剤ペーストを厚み15μmの銅箔の両面に塗布して乾燥することにより負極板を作製した。そして、無機酸化物として粒子径0.5μmの酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)、結着剤としてポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)を用い、無機酸化物及び結着剤をそれぞれ94質量%及び6質量%とした混合物にN-メチルピロリドン(NMP)を適量加えて粘度を調節したペーストを作製した。このペーストを負極合剤層上に塗布して乾燥することにより絶縁層を形成した。この際、絶縁層の平均の厚さが5μmになるようにした。負極板には負極合剤層及び絶縁層が形成されていない銅箔が露出した部分を設け、銅箔が露出した部位と負極板リードとを接合した。
正極板と負極板との間に、セパレータを介在させて、正極板と負極板とを巻回することにより発電要素を作製した。発電要素を電池ケースの開口部から電池ケース内に収納した。正極板リードを電池蓋に接合し、負極板リードを負極端子に接合した後に、電池蓋を電池ケースの開口部に嵌合させてレーザー溶接で電池ケースと電池蓋とを接合することにより、非水電解質が電池ケース内に注液されていない未注液状態の二次電池を作製した。
エチレンカーボネート(EC):ジメチルカーボネート(DMC):エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)=3:2:5(体積比)の混合溶媒にLiPF6を1mol/Lの濃度で溶解させ、式(5)で表される化合物の含有量が非水電解質の総質量に対して1.0質量%になるように添加し、非水電解質を調製した。非水電解質を電池ケースの側面に設けた注液口から注液し、注液口を栓で封口することにより実施例1の電池を作製した。
絶縁層の形成箇所をそれぞれ負極に対向するセパレータの表面、正極の表面、正極に対向するセパレータの表面にしたこと以外は、実施例1の電池と同じ方法にて実施例2~4の電池を作製した。
非水電解質の総質量に対して、式(5)で表される化合物の含有量をそれぞれ0.02質量%、0.05質量%、1.5質量%2.0質量%及び4.0質量%にしたこと以外は、実施例1の電池と同じ方法にて実施例5~9の電池を作製した。
式(5)で表される化合物の代わりに、式(6)で表される化合物が非水電解質の総質量に対して1.0質量%含有されること以外は、実施例1の電池と同じ方法にて実施例10の電池を作製した。
式(5)で表される化合物の代わりに、式(5)で表される化合物とジフルオロリン酸リチウムとが非水電解質の総質量に対してそれぞれ1.0質量%ずつ含有されること以外は、実施例1の電池と同じ方法にて実施例15の電池を作製した。
式(5)で表される化合物の代わりに、ビニレンカーボネートが非水電解質の総質量に対して1.0質量%含有されること以外は、実施例1の電池と同じ方法にて比較例1の電池を作製した。
(1)初期放電容量の確認試験
実施例1~15及び比較例1~2の各電池を用いて、以下の充放電条件にて初期放電容量確認試験をおこなった。各電池を、25℃環境下において800mA(1CA)の定電流で4.2Vまで充電し、さらに4.2Vで定電圧にて充電し、定電流充電及び定電圧充電を含めて合計3時間充電した。充電後に800mAの定電流にて2.75Vの放電終止電圧まで放電をおこない、この放電容量を「初期放電容量」とした。
初期放電容量の確認試験後の各電池について、低温環境下での充電特性を測定した。測定条件は、0℃環境下にて、800mAの定電流で4.2Vまで充電し、さらに4.2Vで定電圧にて充電し、定電流充電及び定電圧充電を含めて合計3時間充電し、充電後に0℃環境下のままで、800mAの定電流で2.75Vまで放電をおこなうことを1サイクルとした。そして、低温充電特性試験として、前述した条件で、充放電を20サイクル繰り返しておこなった。なお、充電及び放電後には10分間の休止を設けた。
低温(0℃)環境下における充電時に、負極表面上に金属リチウムの析出が生じると、その充電後の放電における放電容量は、初期放電容量と比較して減少する。金属リチウムが析出する反応は可逆的ではないため、金属リチウムの析出に消費された分の容量は、初期放電容量に対する減少分としてあらわれるためである。すなわち、初期放電容量に対する低温充電特性試験後の放電容量の減少分が大きい程、金属リチウムの析出量が多いことを意味する。本発明では、各電池の初期放電容量と、低温充電特性試験後の各電池の放電容量(充放電条件は初期放電容量の確認試験と同じ)とを比較することで、金属リチウムの析出の度合を評価した。
初期放電容量の確認試験後の各電池について、以下の条件にて60℃サイクル寿命試験をおこなった。
測定条件は、60℃環境下にて、800mAの定電流で4.2Vまで充電し、さらに4.2Vで定電圧にて充電し、定電流充電及び定電圧充電を含めて合計3時間充電した後に、60℃環境下にて800mAの定電流にて2.75Vまで放電をおこなうことを1サイクルとした。そして、60℃サイクル寿命試験として、前述した条件で、充放電を300サイクル繰り返しておこなった。なお、充電後及び放電後には60℃環境下にて10分間の休止を設けた。
60℃サイクル寿命試験前後の各電池の膨れを以下のようにして測定した。
60℃サイクル寿命試験前後の電池厚みを測定し、以下の式(1)により厚みの変化率を算出した。電池厚みは、電池の最も広い面の中心における厚みを測定する。
電池の厚みの変化率(%) = [(60℃サイクル寿命試験後の電池厚み)/(60℃サイクル寿命試験前の電池厚み)]×100 ・・・(1)
実施例1~15及び比較例1~2の電池における金属リチウムの析出量の比較結果(初期放電容量に対する低温充電特性試験後の放電容量の減少分の比較)を表1に示す。
一般式(1)で表される環状硫酸エステル化合物である式(5)、式(6)若しくは式(7)で表される化合物、又は一般式(4)で表される環状ジスルホン酸エステル化合物である式(8)、式(9)若しくは式(10)で表される化合物が非水電解質に含有された電池(実施例1~15)は、ビニレンカーボネート又は不飽和スルトンである1,3-プロペンスルトンが非水電解質に含有された電池(比較例1~2)と比較して、低温環境下において電池を充電する際に、負極表面上に金属リチウムが析出することが抑制できることがわかった。
一般式(1)で表される環状硫酸エステル化合物又は一般式(4)で表される環状ジスルホン酸エステル化合物は、構造中にSO4基又は2つ以上のSO3基を有するため、それら化合物により形成された負極-非水電解質界面における被膜の抵抗が低くなったと考えられる。負極-非水電解質界面に形成された被膜の抵抗が低いことにより、たとえ低温環境下においてリチウムイオンの拡散性が低下しても、リチウムイオンが負極活物質の層間に円滑に挿入され、負極表面上の金属リチウムの析出が抑制されたと考えられる。
一般式(1)で表される環状硫酸エステル化合物である式(5)若しくは式(6)で表される化合物又は一般式(4)で表される環状ジスルホン酸エステル化合物である式(8)若しくは式(9)で表される化合物が非水電解質に含有された電池(実施例1、実施例10、実施例12及び実施例13)は、一般式(1)で表される環状硫酸エステル化合物である式(7)で表される化合物が非水電解質に含有された電池(実施例11)と比較して、60℃サイクル寿命試験後に電池が膨れることが抑制されることがわかった。この要因は定かではないが、式(5)若しくは式(6)で表される環状硫酸エステル化合物又は式(8)若しくは式(9)で表される環状ジスルホン酸エステル化合物は、構造中に2つ以上のSO4基又は2つ以上のSO3基を有するため、構造中に1つのSO4基しか有さない式(7)で表される環状硫酸エステル化合物と比較して、負極-非水電解質界面により強固に被膜が形成されると考えられる。これにより、実施例1、実施例10、実施例12及び実施例13の電池は、実施例11の電池と比較して、負極上における非水溶媒の分解反応が抑制され、電池が膨れることが抑制されたと考えられる。
2…電極群
3…正極板(正極)
4…負極板(負極)
4a…負極集電体
4b…負極活物質合剤層
4c…絶縁層
5…セパレータ
6…電池ケース
7…電池蓋
8…正極端子
9…正極板リード
10…負極板リード
20…蓄電ユニット
30…蓄電装置
40…車体本体
100…自動車
Claims (17)
- 正極と、負極と、セパレータと、非水電解質とを備え、前記正極と前記負極との間に絶縁層を有する非水電解質二次電池であって、前記非水電解質は、下記一般式(1)で表される環状硫酸エステル化合物又は下記一般式(4)で表される環状ジスルホン酸エステル化合物を含有する、非水電解質二次電池。
[一般式(1)中、R1は、ハロゲン元素で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~3のアルキル基、一般式(2)又は一般式(3)で表される基を示す。一般式(2)中、R2は、ハロゲン元素で置換されてもよい炭素数1~3のアルキル基を示す。一般式(2)及び一般式(3)中、※の部分は、結合位置を示す。一般式(1)及び一般式(3)中、X1、X2はそれぞれ独立して水素原子又はハロゲン元素を示す。一般式(4)中、R3、R4はそれぞれ独立して、置換基を有していてもよく、分岐してもよい炭素数1~6の炭化水素基を示す。] - 前記セパレータは、前記正極と前記負極との間に配置される、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記環状硫酸エステル化合物は、式(5)で表される化合物又は式(6)で表される化合物である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記環状硫酸エステル化合物又は前記環状ジスルホン酸エステル化合物の含有量は、前記非水電解質の総質量に対して4.0質量%以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記環状硫酸エステル化合物又は前記環状ジスルホン酸エステル化合物の含有量は、前記非水電解質の総質量に対して3.0質量%以下である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記環状硫酸エステル化合物又は前記環状ジスルホン酸エステル化合物の含有量は、前記非水電解質の総質量に対して2.0質量%以下である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記環状硫酸エステル化合物又は前記環状ジスルホン酸エステル化合物の含有量は、前記非水電解質の総質量に対して0.01質量%以上である、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記非水電解質は、ジフルオロリン酸リチウムを含有する、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記ジフルオロリン酸リチウムの含有量は、前記非水電解質の総質量に対して2.0質量%以下である、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記ジフルオロリン酸リチウムの含有量は、前記非水電解質の総質量に対して1.5質量%以下である、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記ジフルオロリン酸リチウムの含有量は、前記非水電解質の総質量に対して1.0質量%以下である、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記ジフルオロリン酸リチウムの含有量は、前記非水電解質の総質量に対して0.05質量%以上である、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記絶縁層は、無機酸化物を含有する多孔質層である、請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記絶縁層は、前記負極の表面に形成されている、又は前記負極の表面に接して形成されている、請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記絶縁層の厚みは、前記セパレータの厚み方向において20μm以下である、請求項1~15のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 正極と、負極と、セパレータと、非水電解質とを備え、前記正極と前記負極との間に絶縁層が形成された非水電解質二次電池の製造方法であって、前記非水電解質として、一般式(1)で表される環状硫酸エステル化合物又は一般式(4)で表される環状ジスルホン酸エステル化合物が前記非水電解質の総質量に対して4.0質量%以下含有される非水電解質を用いる、非水電解質二次電池の製造方法。
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| JP2015176760A (ja) * | 2014-03-14 | 2015-10-05 | 三井化学株式会社 | リチウム二次電池 |
| JP2016213015A (ja) * | 2015-05-01 | 2016-12-15 | 三井化学株式会社 | 電池用非水電解液、及びリチウム二次電池 |
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| JP2016213015A (ja) * | 2015-05-01 | 2016-12-15 | 三井化学株式会社 | 電池用非水電解液、及びリチウム二次電池 |
| JP2017045722A (ja) * | 2015-08-28 | 2017-03-02 | 三井化学株式会社 | 電池用非水電解液及びリチウム二次電池 |
| WO2017061102A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-06 | 2017-04-13 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 非水電解質二次電池及び非水電解質二次電池の製造方法 |
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| US11302964B2 (en) | 2016-02-08 | 2022-04-12 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Electrolytic solution for nonaqueous electrolytic solution battery, and nonaqueous electrolytic solution battery using same |
| US11264644B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2022-03-01 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Lithium battery |
| US11251432B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2022-02-15 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Lithium battery |
| US11637322B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2023-04-25 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Lithium battery |
| US11335952B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2022-05-17 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Lithium battery |
| US11114694B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2021-09-07 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Lithium battery |
| US11127978B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2021-09-21 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Organic electrolytic solution and lithium battery including the same |
| US11145900B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2021-10-12 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Lithium battery |
| US11264645B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2022-03-01 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Lithium battery |
| KR20180076489A (ko) * | 2016-12-28 | 2018-07-06 | 파낙스 이텍(주) | 이차전지 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지 |
| JP2018133284A (ja) * | 2017-02-17 | 2018-08-23 | Tdk株式会社 | 非水電解液およびそれを用いた非水電解液電池 |
| WO2018179613A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-10-04 | 株式会社 東芝 | 電極構造体および二次電池 |
| JPWO2018179613A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-28 | 2019-11-07 | 株式会社東芝 | 電極構造体および二次電池 |
| CN110392953B (zh) * | 2017-03-28 | 2023-02-21 | 株式会社东芝 | 电极结构体及二次电池 |
| CN110392953A (zh) * | 2017-03-28 | 2019-10-29 | 株式会社东芝 | 电极结构体及二次电池 |
| WO2025249990A1 (ko) * | 2024-05-28 | 2025-12-04 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 양극 첨가제를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2014196177A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
| CN105409049A (zh) | 2016-03-16 |
| EP3007263A4 (en) | 2016-11-30 |
| EP3007263A1 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
| US20160133991A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
| JP6260619B2 (ja) | 2018-01-17 |
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