WO2013008525A1 - リチウムイオン電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013008525A1 WO2013008525A1 PCT/JP2012/062363 JP2012062363W WO2013008525A1 WO 2013008525 A1 WO2013008525 A1 WO 2013008525A1 JP 2012062363 W JP2012062363 W JP 2012062363W WO 2013008525 A1 WO2013008525 A1 WO 2013008525A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lithium ion battery.
- lithium ion secondary batteries are expected as a power source for electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid vehicles (HEVs) due to the growing awareness of environmental issues on a global scale.
- EVs electric vehicles
- HEVs hybrid vehicles
- lithium-ion batteries using large laminate cells are also expected to be used for large-scale power storage and storage systems, and for high-capacity charge / discharge in large-scale disasters.
- Large lithium-ion batteries differ greatly in required life characteristics from small power supplies for mobile phones and mobile devices.
- a small power supply application has a life cycle of about 3 years because of a fast product cycle, whereas a large-sized lithium ion battery requires a long-term life of at least 10 to 15 years. For this reason, as a life characteristic of a large-sized lithium ion battery, it is required that the capacity deterioration rate with respect to the number of charge / discharge is small, that is, that the cycle characteristic is excellent.
- a lithium ion battery is composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator.
- the positive electrode active material used for the positive electrode lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 ), manganese spinel (LiMn 2 O 4 ) or the like is mainly used. Since the positive electrode active material has high electric resistance, the electric resistance of the positive electrode is lowered using a carbon-based conductive additive.
- the binder for example, styrene / butadiene rubber, fluorine rubber, synthetic rubber, polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride, acrylic resin, and the like are used.
- the negative electrode active material natural graphite, artificial graphite obtained by heat treatment of coal / petroleum pitch, etc. at high temperature, amorphous carbon obtained by heat treatment of coal, petroleum pitch coke, acetylene pitch coke, etc., metallic lithium or AlLi Lithium alloys such as are used.
- a carbon-based conductive additive may be used for the negative electrode.
- the electrolytic solution a nonaqueous electrolytic solution in which an electrolyte such as a lithium salt is dissolved is used.
- an electrolyte such as a lithium salt
- a separator is comprised with the film which isolate
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 11-154513 and 11-263612. Has been.
- the negative electrode active material has such a shape, the crystal orientation of the negative electrode active material is in various directions even after the rolling process for producing the negative electrode. For this reason, the movement of the lithium ion between electrodes is performed smoothly, and it can be set as the lithium ion battery excellent in output characteristics.
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-142004 discloses a technique of adding a carbon black conductive additive. Since carbon black is composed of primary particles on the order of several tens of nanometers, it is easy to agglomerate, and forms secondary particles to bridge the active material. Therefore, carbon black is effective in ensuring conductivity in the initial charge / discharge cycle.
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-3724
- the negative electrode is made of graphite
- the electrolytic solution is mainly composed of cyclic carbonate and chain carbonate, and 0.1 wt% or more and 4 wt% in the electrolytic solution.
- % Secondary battery containing 1,3-propane sultone and / or 1,4-butane sultone is disclosed.
- 1,3-propane sultone and 1,4-butane sultone are considered to contribute to SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interface) or surface film formation on the surface of the carbon material.
- these sultones are coated with a highly crystalline material with a high degree of graphitization, such as natural graphite and artificial graphite, with a passive film to suppress decomposition of the electrolyte without impairing the normal reaction of the battery. It is considered to have an effect.
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-289432 discloses a cyclic sulfonic acid ester having at least two sulfonyl groups as another additive for an electrolytic solution.
- the lithium ion battery using the spherical or massive carbon-based material as the negative electrode active material and adding carbon black as the conductive aid as described above has the following problems.
- carbon black may react with the electrolyte solution to gasify the primary particles, or disappear due to etching, and the conductive network of the secondary particles may be divided. As a result, there is a case where the resistance of the lithium ion battery is rapidly increased and the capacity is decreased.
- the additive added to the electrolytic solution is decomposed and has a role of forming a high-quality SEI film on the surface of the main material active material and the conductive additive during initial charging.
- this SEI film With this SEI film, deterioration of the main material active material and the solvent component can be prevented, and a lithium ion battery having excellent output characteristics and capacity characteristics can be obtained.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a lithium ion battery that has excellent long-term life characteristics, does not cause rapid capacity deterioration, and has excellent charge / discharge characteristics in a low temperature environment.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte includes a solvent and an additive that undergoes reductive decomposition at a voltage lower than the reduction voltage of the solvent.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing capacity change curves at cell voltages of 1.5 to 3.5 V of batteries of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing capacity change curves at a cell voltage of 2.4 to 4.0 V of batteries of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the structure of a lithium ion battery according to an embodiment.
- the negative electrode 1 having a layer containing the negative electrode active material 3 on the negative electrode current collector 4 and the positive electrode 7 having a layer containing the positive electrode active material 5 on the positive electrode current collector 6 are separated by the separator 8.
- the separator 8 is impregnated in the electrolytic solution 9.
- the negative electrode 1 of the lithium ion battery of this embodiment includes a plate-like graphite conductive additive 2.
- the negative electrode active material 3 is not particularly limited as long as it is graphite or amorphous carbon capable of occluding and releasing cations, and is crystalline artificial graphite obtained by heat treatment of natural graphite, coal / petroleum pitch, etc. at high temperature. Amorphous carbon obtained by heat-treating wood, coal, petroleum pitch coke, acetylene pitch coke or the like can be used. In particular, when natural graphite is used as the negative electrode active material 3, a large improvement effect can be expected.
- the negative electrode active material 3 a material in which amorphous carbon coats the surface of graphite can also be used.
- the amorphous carbon layer has a function of delaying the penetration of the electrolytic solution. For this reason, a lithium ion battery characteristic can be improved greatly by ensuring the flow path of electrolyte solution in the clearance gap between negative electrode active materials using a plate-shaped graphite conductive support material.
- the negative electrode active material 3 has a spherical or block shape.
- the reason for this is that when such a shape is used, since the orientation of the crystal faces in various directions even after the rolling process at the time of electrode preparation, lithium ions move smoothly between the electrodes. Moreover, it is because it is easy to make the space
- a copper foil or the like can be used as the negative electrode current collector 4.
- the negative electrode active material of the present invention is not limited thereto.
- amorphous carbon such as hard carbon (non-graphitizable carbon) and soft carbon (graphitizable carbon) may be used. Further, graphite and amorphous carbon can be used in combination.
- the point that the negative electrode active material has a spherical or block shape and the point that the conductive additive has a plate shape can be confirmed by SEM (scanning microscope) observation. That is, in the SEM image of the negative electrode active material, it is the ratio of the length in the minor axis direction (length in the shortest direction) and the length in the major axis direction (length in the longest direction) (short axis). ) / (Major axis) is larger than 0.2, it can be determined as a spherical or massive shape.
- the (minor axis) / (major axis) of the negative electrode active material is preferably 0.3 or more, more preferably 0.5 or more.
- a plate shape The shape can be determined.
- the (minor axis; length in the c-axis direction) / (long axis; length in the a-axis direction) of the conductive additive is preferably 0.1 or less, more preferably 0.05 or less. .
- the graphite negative electrode active material contributes to the charge and discharge of the lithium ion battery, and its specific surface area is less than 10 m 2 / g, whereas the graphite conductive additive improves the conductivity in the negative electrode, The difference is that the specific surface area is 10 m 2 / g or more.
- the positive electrode active material 5 is not particularly limited as long as it absorbs cations at the time of discharge, and is a lithium / transition metal composite oxide, for example, lithium / cobalt composite oxide (LiCoO 2 , LiCoAlO 2 , LiCoMnO 2, etc.), lithium Nickel composite oxide (LiNiO 2 , LiNiCoO 2 , LiNiMnO 2 , LiNiCoMnO 2 etc.), lithium-manganese composite oxide (LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiMnMgO 4 , Li 2 MnO 3 etc.), olivine phosphate A metal oxide such as LiFePO 4 can be used.
- As the positive electrode current collector 6, an aluminum foil or the like can be used.
- the binder 11 can be used in the layer containing the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode 1, and in some cases, can be used in the layer containing the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode 7.
- the binder 11 adheres the particles of the negative electrode active material 3, the negative electrode active material 3 and the conductive additive 2, and the negative electrode active material 3 and the negative electrode current collector 4.
- a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), an acrylic polymer, etc. are suitable.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- an acrylic polymer etc.
- NMP N-methyl-2pyrrolidone
- a thickener such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) can be used. If the amount of the binder is small, sufficient adhesion strength (peeling strength) cannot be obtained, and if it is too large, the binder inhibits free entry and exit of lithium ions, so the charge transfer resistance increases. Battery capacity is also reduced.
- the ratio of the binder to the negative electrode mixture is preferably 1% by mass to 20% by mass, and more preferably 2% by mass to 10% by mass.
- the plate-like graphite conductive additive 2 has a part of its edge surface in contact with the surface of the spherical or massive negative electrode active material 3. As a result, the electronic resistance of the negative electrode is reduced, and the life characteristics of the battery can be greatly improved.
- the electrical resistance in the a-axis direction of the graphite structure is c-axis direction.
- the conductivity is excellent by about 3 digits. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, the resistance of the negative electrode can be most reduced by bringing both end surfaces (edge surfaces) of the plate-like graphite conductive additive into contact with the surface of the negative electrode active material.
- the SEI film is formed during the initial charge for both the negative electrode active material and the conductive additive.
- the conductive additive is in contact with the negative electrode active material at the edge surface, the SEI film at the contact portion is destroyed during the charge / discharge cycle. It becomes difficult to be done. The reason for this is that since the edge is thin, the area of the contacted portion is smaller than when contacting on the basal surface (surface having a normal vector in the c-axis direction), and accompanying charge / discharge It is considered that even when each particle expands and contracts, the force applied to the contact portion is reduced and mechanical destruction is suppressed.
- the conductive additive is composed of graphite
- the additive in the electrolytic solution is decomposed starting from here, and a high-quality SEI film is also formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material through the contact portion. It is thought that it is possible to combine.
- a good SEI film at the initial stage of charging can be maintained, and the life characteristics of the lithium ion battery can be greatly improved.
- the secondary particles are gasified by oxidation, or the conductive network of the secondary particles is divided by etching, causing a sudden increase in resistance and a decrease in capacity.
- fine particles such as carbon black may fill the gaps between the negative electrode active materials.
- the plate-like graphite conductive additive of the present invention has a relatively large particle size and is excellent in uniform dispersibility. And capacity reduction is suppressed. Further, the plate-like graphite conductive additive can create an appropriate gap between the spherical or massive negative electrode active materials. For this reason, the electrolyte flow path is easily formed, and not only the movement of lithium ions is facilitated, but also functions as a liquid pool of the electrolyte, so that it is possible to suppress electrolyte depletion during the charge / discharge cycle, and rapid capacity deterioration Can be suppressed.
- D 50s / D 50a is smaller than 3, that is, when the average particle diameter of the plate-like graphite conductive aid is relatively large, the edge surfaces of the plate-like graphite conductive aid tend to come into contact with the negative electrode active material. Becomes smaller. That is, the negative electrode active material tends to be in a state where it is divided between the upper and lower basal surfaces of the plate-like graphite conductive additive.
- D 50s / D 50a is larger than 10, that is, when the average particle diameter of the plate-like graphite conductive aid is small, the plate-like graphite conductive aid contacts the negative electrode active material particles on the basal surface. There is a tendency to end up. This is because the plate-like graphite conductive additive is small and tends to stick to the surface of the negative electrode active material particles with a basal surface. In this state, the plate-like graphite conductive aid is difficult to connect between the negative electrode active material particles at the edge surface, so that not only the conductivity improvement effect is small, but also the occlusion / release of lithium ions to the negative electrode active material particles is hindered. become.
- the average particle diameter D 50s of the negative electrode active material and the average particle diameter D 50a of the plate-like graphite conductive aid are used in a particle size / particle size distribution apparatus of a laser diffraction / scattering method for detecting a particle diameter from light scattering of a laser. And obtained from volume-based particle size distribution measurement.
- the content of the plate-like graphite conductive additive in the negative electrode mixture is preferably 2.0% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less. If the content of the plate-like graphite conductive aid is less than 2.0% by mass, the number of conductive aids inserted between the negative electrode active materials is insufficient, and a sufficient conductive network cannot be formed. In some cases, the improvement effect cannot be fully exhibited. On the other hand, when the amount is more than 10% by mass, the conductive auxiliary material enters more than necessary between the negative electrode active materials, and a gap is formed, which may increase the initial cell thickness of the lithium ion battery.
- the increase in cell thickness due to the addition of a conductive additive is designed to be 10% or less. Is considered necessary. Therefore, by increasing the content to 10% by mass or less, the increase rate of the cell thickness can be set to 10% or less.
- the thickness of the plate-like graphite conductive additive is preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 0.5 ⁇ m or less. If the thickness of the plate-like graphite conductive aid is more than 0.5 ⁇ m, the edge surface of the graphite of the plate-like graphite conductive aid will increase, resulting in a large side reaction with the electrolytic solution, In some cases, the gaps that increase the permeability of the material are blocked. On the other hand, if the thickness of the plate-like graphite conductive additive is less than 0.05 ⁇ m, the mechanical strength against the press during electrode production may not be maintained.
- the thickness of the plate-like graphite conductive additive can be calculated as the average thickness of 100 plate-like graphite conductive aids obtained by SEM (scanning microscope) observation.
- the specific surface area of the plate-like graphite conductive additive is preferably 10 m 2 / g or more and 40 m 2 / g or less. If the specific surface area exceeds 40 m 2 / g, side reactions with the electrolyte increase and gas is generated, which may deteriorate the life characteristics of the battery. On the other hand, when the specific surface area is less than 10 m 2 / g, the particle size of the plate-like graphite conductive additive becomes large, and the gap between the negative electrode active materials may not be brought into efficient contact.
- the specific surface area of the conductive additive by the related technology is, for example, as high as 800 m 2 / g to 1300 m 2 / g for ketjen black, and from 50 m 2 / g to 100 m 2 / g for acetylene black and carbon black. It is in. For this reason, generally the specific surface area of the conductive support material of related technology is 2 to 4 times larger than the specific surface area of the plate-shaped graphite conductive support material of this invention.
- the plate-like graphite conductive additive of the present invention has a relatively small specific surface area, and its particle shape is plate-like, so that it has extremely good characteristics as a conductive additive.
- the specific surface area of the plate-like graphite conductive additive can be measured by the BET method.
- the plate-like graphite conductive additive is preferably artificial graphite having moderately developed crystallinity, but is not limited thereto. Even if it is natural graphite type, it is preferable if it has crystallinity equivalent to artificial graphite.
- the crystallinity of the surface of the conductive additive can be evaluated by Raman spectroscopy. As the Raman band of graphite, a G band corresponding to the in-plane vibration mode (around 1580 to 1600 cm ⁇ 1 ) and a D band derived from in-plane defects (around 1360 cm ⁇ 1 ) are observed. If these peak intensities are respectively IG and ID , it means that the higher the peak intensity ratio IG / ID , the higher the degree of graphitization.
- IG / ID is a value smaller than 6, the film forming effect on the electrode surface by the additive may be deteriorated.
- IG / ID is larger than 12, reaction with the electrolytic solution may occur. And the life characteristics may deteriorate.
- the physical properties of the plate-like graphite conductive aid depend on the firing temperature at the time of production and the type and pressure of the atmospheric gas, and various plate-like graphite conductive aids can be created by changing the production conditions. For example, when coal pitch is used as a raw material, a method of mixing with petroleum pitch or coal tar pitch and firing at 2000 to 3000 ° C. can be mentioned.
- the plate-like graphite conductive aids are the same physical and chemical as artificial graphite by thermally decomposing hydrocarbons such as benzene and xylene by the CVD method and depositing them on the surface of the natural graphite substrate. A coated product with specific properties can be obtained.
- the solvent for the electrolytic solution 9 is selected from cyclic carbonates, chain carbonates, aliphatic carboxylic acid esters, ⁇ -lactones, cyclic ethers, chain ethers, and organic solvents of these fluorinated derivatives. Further, at least one organic solvent can be used.
- Cyclic carbonates propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), butylene carbonate (BC), and their derivative chain carbonates: dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), Dipropyl carbonate (DPC) and their derivatives
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- DPC Dipropyl carbonate
- Aliphatic carboxylic acid esters methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl propionate, and their derivatives ⁇ -lactones: ⁇ -butyrolactone
- cyclic ethers tetrahydrofuran , 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, and their derivative chain ethers: 1,2-diethoxyethane (DEE), ethoxymethoxyethane (EME), diethyl ether, and derivatives thereof
- DEE 1,2-diethoxye
- alkali metals such as Li, K, and Na, ClO 4 ⁇ , BF 4 ⁇ , PF 6 ⁇ , CF 3 SO 3 ⁇ , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N ⁇ , (C A salt composed of an anion of a compound containing a halogen such as 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 N ⁇ , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 C ⁇ , or (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 3 C ⁇ can be dissolved.
- the solvent and electrolyte salt which consist of these basic solvents can also be used individually or in combination.
- a gel electrolyte in which an electrolytic solution is contained in a polymer gel may be used.
- the electrolyte further contains an additive that undergoes reductive decomposition at a voltage lower than the reduction voltage of the solvent.
- This additive undergoes reductive decomposition prior to the solvent during charge and discharge to form a high-quality SEI film on the negative electrode surface. Further, even when charging / discharging is repeated, the SEI film can be stably maintained on the negative electrode surface.
- This SEI film has a role of suppressing the decomposition reaction of the electrolyte solution on the surface of the negative electrode, performing a desolvation reaction accompanying the insertion / desorption of the lithium ion battery, and suppressing physical structural deterioration of the negative electrode active material. .
- a cyclic sulfonate ester represented by the following general formula (1) having two sulfonyl groups.
- Q represents an oxygen atom, a methylene group or a single bond
- A represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a carbonyl group, a sulfinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon.
- B is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, substituted or unsubstituted A fluoroalkylene group or an oxygen atom.
- A is an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, carbon from the viewpoints of stability of the compound, ease of synthesis of the compound, solubility in a solvent, cost, and the like.
- a C1-C5 fluoroalkylene group and a C2-C6 divalent group in which an alkylene unit or a fluoroalkylene unit is bonded via an ether bond are preferred.
- B is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- a chain sulfonic acid ester represented by the following general formula (2) having two sulfonyl groups can also be used.
- X represents an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- two Rs may be the same group or different groups. good.
- ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, or methyl ethyl carbonate is used as a solvent
- vinylene carbonate (VC) or propane sultone (PS) is used as an additive for reductive decomposition at a voltage lower than the FEC reduction voltage of the solvent.
- FEC Fluoroethylene carbonate
- compounds represented by the following formulas (3) to (25) are not limited thereto.
- the content of the additive in the electrolytic solution that undergoes reductive decomposition at a voltage lower than the reduction voltage of the solvent is not particularly limited, but is 0.5% by mass or more and 10.0% by mass or less in the electrolytic solution. Is preferred. If it is less than 0.5% by mass, a sufficient effect may not be exhibited in forming a film by an electrochemical reaction on the electrode surface. If it exceeds 10.0 mass%, the viscosity of the electrolytic solution may be increased.
- Example using graphite as negative electrode active material (Example 1) 92 parts by mass of manganese spinel (LiMn 2 O 4 ) powder having an average particle size of 10 ⁇ m as a positive electrode active material, 4 parts by mass of a binder, 4 parts by mass of carbon black as a conductive additive, and uniformly dispersed in NMP A slurry for the positive electrode was prepared.
- the binder the effect of the present invention can be obtained by using any of PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), aqueous SBR binder, and acrylic binder. Therefore, PVDF was used in this example.
- carbon black is used as the conductive additive for the positive electrode.
- the positive electrode has no volume expansion or contraction due to repeated charge and discharge as in the negative electrode, and there is a difference in potential.
- the positive electrode was produced by uniformly applying a slurry for a positive electrode to a 20 ⁇ m thick aluminum foil as a positive electrode current collector using a coater, and then evaporating NMP. After drying one side, a positive electrode was produced on the back side in the same manner as a double-sided coated electrode. After drying, the positive electrode density was adjusted with a roll press. The amount of positive electrode mixture per unit area was 48 mg / cm 2 .
- the effect of the present invention can be obtained by using any of PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), aqueous SBR binder, and acrylic binder. Therefore, PVDF was used in this example.
- the negative electrode was prepared by uniformly applying a negative electrode slurry on a copper foil having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m as a negative electrode current collector using a coater, and then evaporating NMP. After drying, the negative electrode density was adjusted with a roll press. The amount of the negative electrode mixture after drying was 8 mg / cm 2 .
- the composition in the negative electrode mixture was 2% by mass of plate-like graphite, 6% by mass of PVDF, and 92% by mass of massive natural graphite.
- the average particle diameter D 50s massive natural graphite which is the ratio of the average particle diameter D 50a of the plate-like graphite conductive agent, D 50s / D 50a was 8.
- D50s and D50a were measured with the laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring device.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- a medium-sized laminate cell battery was produced.
- a method for producing a medium-sized laminate cell will be described below.
- the positive electrode described above was cut into 8.0 cm ⁇ 4.8 cm, and the negative electrode was cut into 9.0 cm ⁇ 5.6 cm. Among these, 8.0 cm ⁇ 1.0 cm on one side of the positive electrode and 9.0 cm ⁇ 1.0 cm on one side of the negative electrode were left as uncoated portions for connecting the tabs.
- An aluminum positive electrode tab having a width of 7 mm, a length of 12 cm, and a thickness of 0.1 mm was welded to the uncoated portion of the positive electrode.
- a negative electrode tab made of nickel having the same shape was welded to the negative electrode uncoated portion.
- the separator used was 10 cm ⁇ 7.0 cm polypropylene. This separator covered both surfaces of the positive electrode, and further, the negative electrode was disposed so as to face the positive electrode from both surfaces, thereby producing an electrode laminate.
- the electrode laminate is sandwiched between two aluminum laminate films of 16 cm ⁇ 10 cm, three sides excluding one side of the long side are heat sealed with a width of 8 mm, the electrolyte is injected, and the remaining one side is heated.
- the battery was sealed to produce a medium-sized laminate cell battery.
- Example 2 The composition of the negative electrode mixture is 5% by mass of plate-like graphite (same as in Example 1), 6% by mass of PVDF, 89% by mass of bulk natural graphite (same as in Example 1) as a conductive additive. did.
- a battery was made in the same manner as Example 1 except for the above.
- Example 3 As an additive in the electrolytic solution, a chain sulfonic acid ester represented by the following formula (3) was used instead of the compound of the formula (4). A battery was made in the same manner as Example 2 except for the above.
- Example 4 As an additive, 2.0% by mass of vinylene carbonate (VC) was added to the electrolytic solution. A battery was made in the same manner as Example 2 except for the above. VC undergoes reductive decomposition at a voltage lower than that of the solvents EC and DEC.
- VC vinylene carbonate
- Example 5 As an additive, 2.0% by mass of propane sultone (PS) was added to the electrolytic solution. A battery was made in the same manner as Example 2 except for the above. PS undergoes reductive decomposition at a voltage lower than the reduction voltage of the solvents EC and DEC.
- PS propane sultone
- Example 6 1.0 mass% of the compound of the said Formula (4) and 1.0 mass% of vinylene carbonate (VC) were added as an additive in electrolyte solution.
- a battery was made in the same manner as Example 2 except for the above.
- Example 7 As additives, 1.0% by mass of the compound of the above formula (4) and 1.0% by mass of propane sultone (PS) were added to the electrolytic solution. A battery was made in the same manner as Example 2 except for the above.
- Example 1 The composition of the negative electrode mixture was 2% by mass of carbon black, 6% by mass of PVDF, and 92% by mass of massive natural graphite (the same as in Example 1). A battery was made in the same manner as Example 1 except for the above.
- Example 2 The composition of the negative electrode mixture was 2% by mass of carbon black, 6% by mass of PVDF, and 92% by mass of massive natural graphite (the same as in Example 4). A battery was made in the same manner as Example 4 except for the above.
- Example 3 The composition of the negative electrode mixture was 2% by mass of carbon black, 6% by mass of PVDF, and 92% by mass of massive natural graphite (the same as in Example 5). A battery was made in the same manner as Example 5 except for the above.
- the negative electrode active materials of Examples 1 to 7 have a spherical or lump shape, the conductive aid has a plate shape, and the surface of the negative electrode active material has a conductive aid. The point which a part of edge surface of material contact
- the life test was carried out by repeating charging and discharging in a thermostatic chamber. Specifically, the lithium ion batteries prepared in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were charged to an upper limit voltage of 4.2 V under a constant current charging condition of 1 C, and then a constant voltage charging at 4.2 V was performed. And charging was performed for a total charging time of 2.5 hours. The discharge was performed at a constant current of 1C up to 2.5V. This charging / discharging was made into 1 cycle and repeated 500 cycles. The ratio between the discharge capacity after 500 cycles and the initial discharge capacity was defined as the capacity retention rate. The temperature of the thermostatic chamber was set to a high temperature of 55 ° C. because deterioration was accelerated and the life characteristics could be determined at an early stage.
- Table 1 shows the characteristics of the conductive additive in the negative electrode of each lithium ion battery
- Table 2 shows the measurement results of the configuration of the negative electrode of each lithium ion battery and the capacity retention rate after 500 cycles.
- a lithium ion battery using a plate-like graphite as a conductive additive and using an additive that reduces and decomposes at a voltage lower than the reduction voltage of the solvent in the electrolyte solution has a high temperature of 55 ° C. Even in the environment, it was possible to charge and discharge without significant capacity degradation.
- the life test was carried out by repeating charging and discharging in a thermostatic chamber. Specifically, the lithium ion batteries prepared in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were charged to the upper limit voltage of 4.2 V under the constant current charging condition of 1 C, and then the constant voltage charging at 4.2 V was performed. The battery was charged for a total charging time of 2.5 hours. The discharge was performed at a constant current of 1C up to 2.5V. This charging / discharging was made into 1 cycle and repeated 500 cycles. The ratio between the discharge capacity after 500 cycles and the initial discharge capacity was defined as the capacity retention rate. The temperature of the thermostatic chamber was set to a low temperature of 0 ° C. in order to determine the superiority or inferiority of the battery characteristics at an early stage because the difference in the film quality of the SEI film greatly affects the resistance component of the lithium ion battery.
- Table 3 shows the measurement results of capacity retention after 500 cycles of each lithium ion battery.
- the lithium ion battery of Example 1 using 2% by mass of plate-like graphite as the conductive additive showed a capacity retention rate of 85%.
- the capacity maintenance rate of the lithium ion battery of Comparative Example 1 using 2% by mass of carbon black as the conductive additive is 60%, and Example 1 is 25% better than Comparative Example 1. It can be seen that the life characteristics are obtained.
- Example 2 the effect on the capacity retention rate was examined by using the compound of the formula (3), the compound of the formula (4), VC, and PS as the types of additives added to the electrolytic solution.
- Example 2 to which the compound of the formula (4) was added showed a high capacity retention rate of 92% compared to other additives.
- Example 3 to which the compound of formula (3) was added showed a high capacity retention rate of 90% compared to other additives. This result is in contrast to the results of the high-temperature cycle characteristics, and it has been clarified that the effect of improving the life characteristics by the addition of the compounds of the formulas (3) and (4) appears more significantly in the low-temperature cycle characteristics. .
- lithium-ion batteries that are expected to be replaced after 1 to 3 years of use, such as for power supplies for portable devices
- large-sized lithium ion batteries such as automobiles and power storage systems have a long period of at least 10 years, preferably 15 years. Use is expected. For this reason, it can be said that it is an industrially important effect not to cause rapid capacity deterioration as described above. Therefore, for example, it is particularly useful to apply the lithium ion battery of the present invention as a large lithium ion battery for automobiles or the like.
- FIG. 2 shows capacity change curves at the cell voltages of 1.5 to 3.5 V of the batteries of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1
- FIG. 3 shows the cell voltages of the batteries of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1 from 2.4 to The capacity
- FIG. 2 shows that the capacity change rate is larger in Examples 1 and 2 than in Comparative Example 1.
- the reaction rate of the reductive decomposition reaction of the additive can be estimated from a capacity change curve at 2 to 3 V of the lithium ion battery. That is, it can be obtained from the dQ / dV value shown in FIG. 2 and the area surrounded by the horizontal axis voltage (2 to 3 V).
- the reaction rate of the reductive decomposition reaction of the compound of the formula (4) as an additive is estimated from FIG. 2, approximately 20% is decomposed.
- Comparative Example 1 when attention is paid to the vicinity of 3.2 to 3.4 V in FIG. 3, it can be seen that a clear peak appears in Comparative Example 1. This peak is attributed to the decomposition reaction of the solvent component in the electrolytic solution. Therefore, it can be seen that in the battery of Comparative Example 1, a large amount of decomposition of the solvent that is not desired to be decomposed occurs. If the additive decomposition reaction does not occur as in Comparative Example 1, it is presumed that the solvent decomposition reaction occurs at around 3.2 V, which significantly deteriorates the battery life characteristics as described above.
- Example 9 The composition of the negative electrode mixture was 4% by mass of plate-like graphite (same as in Example 1), 6% by mass of PVDF, and 90% by mass of massive hard carbon (same as in Example 8). A battery was made in the same manner as Example 8 except for the above.
- Example 10 The composition of the negative electrode mixture was 4% by weight of plate-like graphite (same as in Example 1), 2% by weight of carbon black, 6% by weight of PVDF, 88% by weight of bulk hard carbon (Example 8 and The same).
- a battery was made in the same manner as Example 8 except for the above.
- Example 4 The composition of the negative electrode mixture was 2% by mass of carbon black, 6% by mass of PVDF, and 92% by mass of agglomerated hard carbon (the same as in Example 8). A battery was made in the same manner as Example 8 except for the above.
- Example 5 The composition of the negative electrode mixture was 4% by mass of carbon black, 6% by mass of PVDF, and 90% by mass of agglomerated hard carbon (the same as in Example 8). A battery was made in the same manner as Example 8 except for the above.
- Example 10 using 4% by mass of plate-like graphite and 2% by mass of carbon black as the conductive additive is compared with Example 9 using 4% by mass of plate-like graphite as the conductive auxiliary.
- the capacity retention rate was slightly improved to 1%.
- the compound of formula (4) added to the electrolyte acts not only on the hard carbon, which is the negative electrode active material, but also on the carbon black, which is a conductive additive, and a high-quality SEI film is formed on the surface of these materials. This is probably because it was formed. As a result, it is considered that the reaction resistance of the lithium ion battery is lowered and the effect of suppressing the increase in resistance is caused.
- a battery was made in the same manner as Example 1 except for the above.
- spherical mean particle diameter D 50s of graphite which is the ratio of the average particle diameter D 50a of the plate-like graphite, D 50s / D 50a was 6.
- the negative electrode active material of Example 11 has a spherical or lump shape
- the conductive auxiliary material has a plate shape
- the surface of the negative electrode active material has a conductive auxiliary material. The point which a part of edge surface touched was confirmed.
- Example 11 using plate-like graphite as the conductive additive exhibits a higher capacity retention rate than Comparative Example 6 using carbon black as the conductive additive.
- the reason for this is considered to be due to the same effect as when bulk graphite is used as the negative electrode active material. That is, it is considered that the use of plate-like graphite as a conductive additive increased the decomposition efficiency of the compound of formula (4) as an additive, and a good SEI film was formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material or the like. It is done. As a result, it is considered that the reaction resistance of the lithium ion battery was lowered and the effect of suppressing the increase in resistance was produced.
- the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments and examples, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments and examples, and various modifications are possible.
- a laminate-type large-sized lithium ion battery has been described as an example.
- the present invention is a cylindrical type, a coin type, a card type, a flat type, an elliptical type, a square type, a button type.
- the present invention can also be applied to such batteries.
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Abstract
Description
黒鉛及び非晶質カーボンの少なくとも一方を含む負極活物質と、黒鉛を含む導電助材と、結着剤と、を有する負極と、
非水電解液と、
リチウムを吸蔵、放出することが可能な正極活物質を含む正極と、
を有するリチウムイオン電池であって、
前記負極活物質は、球状または塊状の形状を有し、
前記導電助材は、板状の形状を有し、
前記負極活物質の表面に前記導電助材のエッジ面の一部が接し、
前記非水電解液は、溶媒と、前記溶媒の還元電圧よりも低い電圧で還元分解する添加剤と、を含有することを特徴とするリチウムイオン電池に関する。
環状カーボネート類:プロピレンカーボネート(PC)、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、ブチレンカーボネート(BC)、およびこれらの誘導体
鎖状カーボネート類:ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)、ジプロピルカーボネート(DPC)、およびこれらの誘導体
脂肪族カルボン酸エステル類:ギ酸メチル、酢酸メチル、プロピオン酸エチル、およびこれらの誘導体
γ-ラクトン類:γ-ブチロラクトン、およびこれらの誘導体
環状エーテル類:テトラヒドロフラン、2-メチルテトラヒドロフラン、およびこれらの誘導体
鎖状エーテル類:1,2-ジエトキシエタン(DEE)、エトキシメトキシエタン(EME)、ジエチルエーテル、およびこれらの誘導体
その他:ジメチルスルホキシド、1,3-ジオキソラン、ホルムアミド、アセトアミド、ジメチルホルムアミド、アセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル、ニトロメタン、エチルモノグライム、リン酸トリエステル、トリメトキシメタン、ジオキソラン誘導体、メチルスルホラン、1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノン、3-メチル-2-オキサゾリジノン、アニソール、N-メチルピロリドン、フッ素化カルボン酸エステル
これらを一種又は二種以上を混合して使用することができる。
(実施例1)
正極活物質として平均粒子径10μmのマンガンスピネル(LiMn2O4)粉末を92質量部、結着剤を4質量部、導電助材としてカーボンブラックを4質量部、NMP中に均一に分散させて、正極用のスラリーを作製した。結着剤としては、PVDF(ポリフッ化ビニリデン)、水系SBRバインダー、アクリル系バインダーの何れのバインダーを用いても本発明の効果が得られるため、本実施例ではPVDFを使用した。
負極合剤の組成を、導電助材として5質量%の板状の黒鉛(実施例1と同じもの)、6質量%のPVDF、89質量%の塊状天然黒鉛(実施例1と同じもの)とした。これ以外は、実施例1と同様にして電池を作成した。
電解液中の添加剤として、式(4)の化合物の代わりに、下記式(3)で表される鎖状スルホン酸エステルを使用した。これ以外は、実施例2と同様にして電池を作成した。
電解液中に添加剤として、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)を2.0質量%、添加した。これ以外は、実施例2と同様にして、電池を作成した。VCは、溶媒であるECおよびDECの還元電圧よりも低い電圧で還元分解する。
電解液中に添加剤として、プロパンスルトン(PS)を2.0質量%、添加した。これ以外は、実施例2と同様にして、電池を作成した。PSは、溶媒であるECおよびDECの還元電圧よりも低い電圧で還元分解する。
電解液中に添加剤として、上記式(4)の化合物を1.0質量%、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)を1.0質量%、添加した。これ以外は、実施例2と同様にして、電池を作成した。
電解液中に添加剤として、上記式(4)の化合物を1.0質量%、プロパンスルトン(PS)を1.0質量%、添加した。これ以外は、実施例2と同様にして、電池を作成した。
負極合剤の組成を、2質量%のカーボンブラック、6質量%のPVDF、92質量%の塊状天然黒鉛(実施例1と同じもの)とした。これ以外は、実施例1と同様にして電池を作成した。
負極合剤の組成を、2質量%のカーボンブラック、6質量%のPVDF、92質量%の塊状天然黒鉛(実施例4と同じもの)とした。これ以外は、実施例4と同様にして電池を作成した。
負極合剤の組成を、2質量%のカーボンブラック、6質量%のPVDF、92質量%の塊状天然黒鉛(実施例5と同じもの)とした。これ以外は、実施例5と同様にして電池を作成した。
SEM(走査型顕微鏡)観察により、実施例1~7の負極活物質が球状または塊状の形状を有する点、導電助材が板状の形状を有する点、及び、負極活物質の表面に導電助材のエッジ面の一部が接する点を確認した。
寿命試験は、恒温槽内にて充放電を繰り返すことによって実施した。具体的には、実施例1~7及び比較例1~3で作成したリチウムイオン電池を1Cの定電流充電条件で上限電圧4.2Vまで充電し、続いて4.2Vでの定電圧充電を行い、総充電時間2.5時間の充電を行うものとした。放電は、1Cで定電流放電を2.5Vまで行うものとした。この充放電を1サイクルとし、500サイクル、繰り返した。そして、500サイクル後の放電容量と初期放電容量の比を、容量維持率とした。なお、恒温槽の温度は、劣化が加速され、早期に寿命特性を見極めることができるため、55℃という高い温度に設定した。
寿命試験は、恒温槽内にて充放電を繰り返すことによって実施した。具体的には、実施例1~7及び比較例1~3で作成したリチウムイオン電池を1Cの定電流充電条件で上限電圧4.2Vまで充電し、続いて4.2Vでの定電圧充電を行い、総充電時間2.5時間の充電を行った。放電は、1Cで定電流放電を2.5Vまで行うものとした。この充放電を1サイクルとし、500サイクル、繰り返した。そして、500サイクル後の放電容量と初期放電容量の比を、容量維持率とした。なお、恒温槽の温度は、SEI膜の膜質の差異がリチウムイオン電池の抵抗成分に大きな影響を与え、電池特性の優劣を早期に見極めるため、0℃という低い温度に設定した。
実施例1~2及び比較例1で作成したリチウムイオン電池について、容量変化曲線を測定した。図2は実施例1~2及び比較例1の電池のセル電圧1.5~3.5Vにおける容量変化曲線、図3は実施例1~2及び比較例1の電池のセル電圧2.4~4.0Vにおける容量変化曲線を表す。
(実施例8)
負極活物質として、非晶質カーボンである塊状のハードカーボン(平均粒子径D50s=10μm)を92質量%、用いた。これ以外は、実施例1と同様にして電池を作成した。なお、塊状のハードカーボンの平均粒径D50s、板状の黒鉛の平均粒径D50aの比である、D50s/D50aは4であった。
負極合剤の組成を、4質量%の板状の黒鉛(実施例1と同じもの)、6質量%のPVDF、90質量%の塊状のハードカーボン(実施例8と同じもの)とした。これ以外は、実施例8と同様にして電池を作成した。
負極合剤の組成を、4質量%の板状の黒鉛(実施例1と同じもの)、2質量%のカーボンブラック、6質量%のPVDF、88質量%の塊状のハードカーボン(実施例8と同じもの)とした。これ以外は、実施例8と同様にして電池を作成した。
負極合剤の組成を、2質量%のカーボンブラック、6質量%のPVDF、92質量%の塊状のハードカーボン(実施例8と同じもの)とした。これ以外は、実施例8と同様にして電池を作成した。
負極合剤の組成を、4質量%のカーボンブラック、6質量%のPVDF、90質量%の塊状のハードカーボン(実施例8と同じもの)とした。これ以外は、実施例8と同様にして電池を作成した。
SEM(走査型顕微鏡)観察により、実施例8~10の負極活物質が球状または塊状の形状を有する点、導電助材が板状の形状を有する点、及び、負極活物質の表面に導電助材のエッジ面の一部が接する点を確認した。
実施例8~10及び比較例4~5で作成したリチウムイオン電池に対して、実施例1と同様にして、高温環境下での容量維持率の測定を行った。各リチウムイオン電池の負極の構成、及び測定結果を表4に示す。
(実施例11)
負極活物質として、球状の黒鉛(平均粒子径D50s=15μm)を用いた。これ以外は、実施例1と同様にして電池を作成した。なお、球状の黒鉛の平均粒径D50s、板状の黒鉛の平均粒径D50aの比である、D50s/D50aは6であった。
導電助材として、2質量%のカーボンブラックを使用した。これ以外は、実施例11と同様にして電池を作成した。
SEM(走査型顕微鏡)観察により、実施例11の負極活物質が球状または塊状の形状を有する点、導電助材が板状の形状を有する点、及び、負極活物質の表面に導電助材のエッジ面の一部が接する点を確認した。
実施例11及び比較例6で作成したリチウムイオン電池に対して、実施例1と同様にして、高温環境下での容量維持率の測定を行った。各リチウムイオン電池の負極の構成、及び測定結果を表5に示す。
2 板状黒鉛導電助材
3 負極活物質
4 負極集電体
5 正極活物質
6 正極集電体
7 正極
8 セパレータ
9 電解液
10 添加剤
11 結着剤
12 導電助材
Claims (8)
- 黒鉛及び非晶質カーボンの少なくとも一方を含む負極活物質と、黒鉛を含む導電助材と、結着剤と、を有する負極と、
非水電解液と、
リチウムを吸蔵、放出することが可能な正極活物質を含む正極と、
を有するリチウムイオン電池であって、
前記負極活物質は、球状または塊状の形状を有し、
前記導電助材は、板状の形状を有し、
前記負極活物質の表面に前記導電助材のエッジ面の一部が接し、
前記非水電解液は、溶媒と、前記溶媒の還元電圧よりも低い電圧で還元分解する添加剤と、を含有することを特徴とするリチウムイオン電池。 - 前記非水電解液は、前記添加剤として、スルホニル基を2個有する、環状スルホン酸エステルまたは鎖状スルホン酸エステルを含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン電池。
- 前記負極活物質の平均粒子径D50Sと、前記導電助材の平均粒子径D50aの比であるD50S/D50aは、3以上10以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載のリチウムイオン電池。
- 前記負極の負極合剤中の導電助材の含有量は2.0質量%以上、10質量%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載のリチウムイオン電池。
- 前記導電助材の厚さは0.05μm以上、0.5μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載のリチウムイオン電池。
- 前記導電助材の比表面積は10m2/g以上、40m2/g以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~7の何れか1項に記載のリチウムイオン電池。
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14/118,288 US9923239B2 (en) | 2011-07-14 | 2012-05-15 | Lithium ion battery |
| JP2013523855A JP5769279B2 (ja) | 2011-07-14 | 2012-05-15 | リチウムイオン電池 |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2011155737 | 2011-07-14 | ||
| JP2011-155737 | 2011-07-14 |
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| WO2013008525A1 true WO2013008525A1 (ja) | 2013-01-17 |
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| PCT/JP2012/062363 Ceased WO2013008525A1 (ja) | 2011-07-14 | 2012-05-15 | リチウムイオン電池 |
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| US (1) | US9923239B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5769279B2 (ja) |
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| WO2014196177A1 (ja) * | 2013-06-06 | 2014-12-11 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 非水電解質二次電池及び非水電解質二次電池の製造方法 |
| JP2015050084A (ja) * | 2013-09-03 | 2015-03-16 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 非水電解質二次電池および非水電解質二次電池の製造方法 |
| WO2015037451A1 (ja) * | 2013-09-12 | 2015-03-19 | 日本電気株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2013008525A1 (ja) | 2015-02-23 |
| US20140087249A1 (en) | 2014-03-27 |
| JP5769279B2 (ja) | 2015-08-26 |
| US9923239B2 (en) | 2018-03-20 |
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