WO2014178259A1 - 電子部品 - Google Patents
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- WO2014178259A1 WO2014178259A1 PCT/JP2014/059942 JP2014059942W WO2014178259A1 WO 2014178259 A1 WO2014178259 A1 WO 2014178259A1 JP 2014059942 W JP2014059942 W JP 2014059942W WO 2014178259 A1 WO2014178259 A1 WO 2014178259A1
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- plating layer
- contact
- test
- electronic component
- plating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/615—Microstructure of the layers, e.g. mixed structure
- C25D5/619—Amorphous layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/615—Microstructure of the layers, e.g. mixed structure
- C25D5/617—Crystalline layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/03—Contact members characterised by the material, e.g. plating, or coating materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/03—Contact members characterised by the material, e.g. plating, or coating materials
- H01R13/035—Plated dielectric material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/48—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of gold
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R24/00—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure
- H01R24/60—Contacts spaced along planar side wall transverse to longitudinal axis of engagement
- H01R24/62—Sliding engagements with one side only, e.g. modular jack coupling devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to electronic components such as connectors, relays, switches, terminals and the like used for electric (electronic) devices such as portable terminals, notebook computers, audio devices, and digital cameras, and in particular, improves the corrosion resistance of contact members of electronic components. It is about technology.
- a copper alloy base material such as copper, phosphor bronze or brass is plated with gold.
- Gold plating can prevent an oxide film, and has good stability of contact resistance and corrosion resistance.
- Patent Document 1 In order to prevent the corrosion of the contact member and improve the connection reliability, the applicant previously described, as described in Patent Document 1 below, a conductive base material and a main plating layer formed above the conductive base material. According to this, it is proposed to provide an appropriate plating layer, and according to this, good results have been obtained in a corrosion resistance test using a mixed gas flow (H 2 S, SO 2 , NO 2 ). .
- S-ATA Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
- H 2 S, SO 2 , NO 2 , Cl 2 a corrosion resistance test using a four-type mixed gas flow
- an object of the present invention is to provide an electronic component that has an inexpensive structure and exhibits excellent corrosion resistance even with respect to a mixed gas stream of four types.
- the inventor first investigated the mechanism of the corrosion caused by the mixed gas flow of the three kinds and the corrosion caused by the mixed gas flow of the four kinds of gas in order to search for clues for solving the above problem.
- an acidic electrolyte solution is generated by the interaction of the mixed corrosive gas and moisture, and adheres to the Au plating surface. Since the inside of the test tank is in a humidity environment with a relative humidity of 70% RH (temperature is 35 ° C.), an acidic electrolyte solution is generated by dissolving a corrosive gas in moisture.
- SO 2 gas generates sulfite ions (HSO 3 ⁇ ) as shown in the following reaction formulas (I) and (II), and then reacts with dissolved oxygen in water as shown in the following reaction formula (III). Sulfate ions (SO 4 2 ⁇ ) are generated.
- Ni atoms existing inside the Au plating are promoted, and Ni atoms are diffused. Easy diffusion into and out of Cu corrosion is promoted.
- Seventh stage As schematically shown in FIG. 16, since Ni atoms are strongly influenced by the local battery mechanism electrochemically, they dissolve at an accelerated rate. At this stage, it is presumed that the dissolution reaction of Cu atoms stops.
- Eighth stage As schematically shown in FIG. 17, a Ni compound containing sulfate ions is finally produced, but further, diffusion of Ni atoms is promoted (amount of Ni atoms ionized is supplied). Since these phenomena occur continuously, voids are formed in the Ni plating layer as schematically shown in FIG.
- Ni corrosion products are almost not confirmed, but according to the above consideration, depending on the test time, eventually Ni corrosion products are also generated in the base Ni-P alloy plating It is guessed.
- the four-type mixed gas test (H 2 S, SO 2 , NO 2 , Cl 2 ), which is the S-ATA corrosion resistance test standard, was conducted to examine the corrosion resistance and electrical contact characteristics.
- the corrosion resistance was inferior and it was clear that the test standard was not satisfied. became.
- the main factor was considered to be that nitrosyl chloride that promotes dissolution of Au was generated by the presence of Cl 2 gas, and that corrosion was accelerated.
- the dissolution of Au was also suggested by the interaction of chloride ions and sulfate ions coexisting.
- antirust treatment agents such as water-soluble, alcohol-based solvents and hydrocarbon-based solvents. Basically, it is often a thiol-based or azole-based derivative (water-soluble Na or K salt compound), which is considered to form a self-assembled film of about 100 mm on the Au plating surface.
- Hydrocarbon is generally an oil-based treatment agent and is physically adsorbed on the Au plating surface. Therefore, the Au plating surface is covered with a film of the order of several ⁇ m in some cases, and depending on how it is used (mainly the concentration of oil), there is a very high risk of causing electrical contact problems, and actual harm also occurs.
- the former is held at 150 to 190 ° C. for about 90 seconds (preheating process), and then a thermal history of about 30 seconds at 230 ° C. or higher (maximum of 245 to 260 ° C. for 5 seconds) is added. Therefore, this thermal energy suggests the elimination of a thiol group chemically bonded to the Au plating surface (reported to be 400 to 450K), and the possibility that the molecule containing the thiol group itself vaporizes. It is done. That is, it is suggested that desorption occurs at the preheating stage in the soldering process. Therefore, it is necessary to apply an organic compound (rust preventive agent) that can exist stably even at 240 to 260 ° C.
- an organic compound rust preventive agent
- the soldering process is a short time of about 90 to 120 seconds as a whole, but heat energy of 150 ° C. or higher is added, so as shown in the above-mentioned corrosion development mechanism, Cu atoms and Ni atoms It is considered that diffusion is promoted and corrosion is likely to occur by the soldering process.
- the connector insertion / removal test mentioned in the latter is carried out, but there is a trace called the insertion / removal trace when the mating receptacle connector is fitted on the contact surface. ing. This is an inevitable phenomenon from the viewpoint of maintaining electrical contact between Au on the plug side and Au plating on the receptacle connector side. Therefore, even if the antirust treatment film remains in the former thermal history, it is considered that it is physically removed in the connector insertion and removal process. Therefore, it is presumed that a compound that spreads evenly with respect to the contact of the connector, retracts when the receptacle connector is inserted, and is restored to the initial state when removed is effective. That is, a substance having a low surface tension and a self-repair function is required.
- the rust-proofing film applied to satisfy the four-type mixed gas test should be a material that combines excellent heat resistance and fluidity (uniform dispersion, self-healing function). Can be considered.
- the chloride gas and sulfate ions are generated in the four-type mixed gas test, it is suggested that the anticorrosive film may be destroyed by the action of the former in particular. There is also a need to consider.
- a candidate for a material having both of these characteristics is a fluorine-based lubricant.
- the fluorine-based lubricant containing solid content is inappropriate in terms of performance (contact resistance) and appearance (the plating surface becomes the color tone of solid particles), does not contain solid content, and does not form a solid film.
- a colorless and transparent fluorine-based lubricating oil composed only of oil for example, perfluoropolyether (PFPE)
- PFPE perfluoropolyether
- PFPE perfluoropolyether
- the present invention has been completed as a result of such earnest studies, and the electronic component of the present invention is formed on the surface of the contact portion that comes into contact with another contact member, at least on the base plating layer and the base plating layer.
- the amount is 0.011 mg / cm 2 or more.
- the “dry adhesion amount” refers to the adhesion amount at room temperature (25 ° C.) and atmospheric pressure.
- the dry adhesion amount is, for example, measured with a microbalance (measurement accuracy ⁇ 0.1 mg) before and after applying the fluorinated oil, and applying from the weight after the application.
- the previous weight is subtracted and this weight difference can be determined by dividing by the surface area of the main plating layer to which the fluorinated oil is attached.
- the said dry adhesion amount is 0.25 mg / cm ⁇ 2 > or more.
- the main plating layer is preferably an Au-containing plating layer.
- the thickness of the main plating layer is preferably 0.4 ⁇ m or less.
- the base plating layer includes a Ni plating layer, an electrolytic Ni—P plating layer, a Pd—Ni plating layer, and a composite plating layer of a Ni plating layer and a Pd—Ni plating layer. It is preferable that it is either.
- the fluorinated oil is preferably perfluoropolyether oil (PFPE oil).
- the coating containing fluorine oil is provided on the surface of the contact member, and the dry adhesion amount of this coating is 0.011 mg / cm 2 or more, the thickness of the main plating layer Even if the thickness of the contact member is reduced, the coating member can protect the contact member from oxygen, corrosive gas, moisture and the like, and high corrosion resistance can be obtained. Further, since the fluorinated oil constituting the coating is fluid, it is pushed into the minute recesses on the surface when the contact members are joined to each other, so that stable conductivity can be obtained without affecting the conductivity.
- the result of the two-type mixed gas test is shown, (a) is a photograph showing a part of the surface state observation result of the contact after the two-type mixed gas test, and (b) is before the test and after 500 insertions / removals. It is a graph which shows the contact resistance value after the exposure to 2 types mixed gas flow. It is a photograph which shows a part of contact surface state observation result after a nitric acid storm test. It is a schematic diagram which shows the 1st step of the corrosion onset mechanism in a 3 types mixed gas test. It is a schematic diagram which shows the 2nd step of the corrosion onset mechanism in a 3 types mixed gas test. It is a schematic diagram which shows the 3rd step of the corrosion onset mechanism in a 3 types mixed gas test.
- an interface connector will be described as an example of an electronic component, but the present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to various electronic components including a contact member such as a relay or a switch. Further, the present invention is not limited to the interface connector, and can be applied to various connectors such as an FPC / FFC connector and a SIM card connector.
- the connector (plug) 10 of this embodiment includes a housing 12 and a plurality of contacts 14 as contact members held by the housing 12.
- the housing 12 is formed of an electrically insulating plastic and can be manufactured by a known injection molding method.
- the material is appropriately selected in consideration of dimensional stability, processability, cost, etc.
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate
- 66PA, 46PA polyamide
- LCP liquid crystal polymer
- PC polycarbonate
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the housing 12 is provided with a required number of insertion holes 121 into which the contacts 14 are inserted and a fitting port into which an FPC or FFC is inserted.
- the contact 14 is held in the housing 12 by welding, but the contact 14 can be held in the housing 12 by a known method such as press fitting or engagement.
- the contact 14 can be manufactured by a known processing method such as pressing or cutting, and a contact portion 141 that comes into contact with a contact of a connector (receptacle) that is a connection target (not shown), a substrate, a cable And a connection portion 143 to be connected to each other.
- the contact 14, particularly at least the contact portion 141 of the contact 14 is a base plating layer 147 laminated on the surface portion of the conductive substrate 145 and the main plating on the base plating layer 147.
- a plating layer 149 is provided.
- the conductive substrate 145 is preferably made of various known metals such as copper or copper alloy.
- the copper alloy include phosphor bronze, beryllium copper, brass, and the like. When importance is attached to corrosion resistance, it is preferably made of phosphor bronze.
- the main plating layer 149 is preferably any one of Au-containing plating, Ag-containing plating, Pd-containing plating, Pd—Ni plating, Sn and Sn-based alloy plating. This is because the contact stability, corrosion resistance, and solder wettability are good. In particular, when importance is attached to corrosion resistance, the main plating layer 149 is preferably made of Au-containing plating.
- the thickness of the main plating layer 149 is preferably 0.03 to 6.0 ⁇ m although it depends on the material of the main plating.
- the thickness thereof is about 0.1 to 1.0 ⁇ m at a portion (contact portion) where electrical reliability is required, and soldering reliability is required. It is desirable that the thickness is about 0.03 to 0.20 ⁇ m.
- the main plating layer 149 is made of Pd-containing plating or Pd—Ni plating, a portion requiring electrical reliability needs to have a soldering reliability of about 0.1 to 1.0 ⁇ m. It is desirable that the portion has a thickness of about 0.03 to 0.20 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the main plating layer 149 made of the Au-containing plating layer or the Pd-containing plating layer can be more than 1.0 ⁇ m, but considering the cost, the thickness is made 1.0 ⁇ m or less. Is preferable, and 0.4 ⁇ m or less is more preferable.
- the thickness is preferably 2.0 to 6.0 ⁇ m in order to ensure good electrical reliability and soldering reliability.
- the base plating layer 147 is preferably any one of a Ni—P plating layer, a Ni plating layer, a Pd—Ni plating layer, and a composite plating layer of a Ni plating layer and a Pd—Ni plating layer.
- the underlying plating layer 147 is preferably a Ni—P plating layer.
- the P concentration is preferably 2.0 to 18% by mass. If the P concentration is less than 2.0% by mass, the corrosion resistance may be lowered. On the other hand, if it exceeds 18% by mass, the ductility becomes poor and cracks such as cracks may occur.
- the thickness of the Ni—P plating layer is preferably 0.5 to 6.0 ⁇ m.
- the thickness is less than 0.5 ⁇ m, the corrosion resistance may decrease due to diffusion of copper and zinc contained in the copper alloy. On the other hand, if it exceeds 6.0 ⁇ m, the ductility becomes poor and cracks and the like occur. It is because there is a possibility of doing.
- the Ni—P plating layer can be formed by, for example, an electrolytic plating method using a watt bath or a sulfamic acid bath. In particular, it is preferably formed by an electrolytic plating method using a bath based on sulfuric acid obtained by adding phosphorous acid to a Watt bath. This is because it is possible to form a layer in which crystals are dense and surface activity is high and interface reactivity with the main plating layer 149 such as upper Au is good.
- the connector 10 is provided with a coating 16 containing a fluorinated oil on at least the surface of the contact portion 141 on the main plating layer 149 of the contact 14 in order to realize higher corrosion resistance.
- the coating 16 for enhancing the corrosion resistance is required not only to protect the contact 14 from oxygen, moisture, and corrosive gas, but also to not impede the electrical conductivity.
- it has heat resistance that does not dissociate / decompose at the mounting temperature (maximum 260 ° C), has lubricity, has low surface tension, and excellent uniform dispersibility (self-healing ability). It is required to be inert to sulfate ions.
- Fluorine-based oils include perfluoropolyether-based oils (PFPE oils).
- PFPE oils perfluoropolyether-based oils
- [-CF 2 —O—] is a skeleton, and surface tension (25 ° C.) is 25 mN / m or less.
- PFPE perfluoropolyether oil
- Examples of perfluoropolyether oils include those having the structural formulas shown in Table 1 below.
- PFPE oil for example, “Sancor ZZS-202” (product name) sold by Sankei Kagaku Co., Ltd. (product name) can be used as appropriate. .
- the contact 14 is immersed for several seconds (1 second or more) in a solution obtained by diluting a fluorinated oil with a solvent (one second or more), and the solvent is evaporated.
- the film 16 can be formed on the surface of the contact 14.
- HFE described later evaporates instantaneously in about several seconds, so that only PFPE can remain on the surface of the contact 14.
- Such a coating operation can be continuously performed by a reel-to-reel method.
- the solvent is preferably a fluorinated solvent having good dispersibility with the fluorinated oil, and for example, hydrofluoroether (HFE) is preferably used.
- HFE hydrofluoroether
- Examples of the hydrofluoroether include those having the structural formulas shown in Table 2 below.
- SANKOL CFD Diluent Z (product name) sold by Sankei Kagaku Co., Ltd. (product name) can be used as appropriate.
- the concentration of the coating liquid It is possible to easily form the coating film 16 having a desired dry adhesion amount on the surface of the contact 14 only by adjusting the above.
- a test piece in which a Ni plating layer and an Au plating layer are formed on a pure body plate is used, and the relationship between the concentration of PFPE oil to HFE and the dry adhesion amount of the film.
- the coating film 16 containing fluorine-based oil is formed on the surface of the contact 14, it is possible to improve the corrosion resistance.
- the main plating layer 149 is made thin and severe by the mixed gas flow of four kinds.
- the dry adhesion amount per unit area of the coating film 16 is 0.011 mg / cm 2 or more. If the dry adhesion amount per unit area of the coating 16 is less than 0.011 mg / cm 2 , the desired corrosion resistance can be obtained in the corrosion resistance test under the severe conditions as described above unless the main plating layer 149 is formed to be considerably thick. Is difficult. This is because the effect of protecting the underlying plating layer 147 due to the cooperation of the main plating layer 149 and the coating film 16 cannot be obtained sufficiently.
- the dry adhesion amount of the coating film 16 is 0.25 mg / cm 2 or more, it is preferable in that good corrosion resistance can be obtained in a wide thickness range of the main plating layer 149, but the main plating layer 149 is thinned and has corrosion resistance.
- the dry adhesion amount per unit area of the fluorinated oil-containing coating 16 to the main plating layer 149 Is 0.011 mg / cm 2 or more, and when the thickness of the main plating layer 149 is 0.2 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.4 ⁇ m, the dry adhesion amount of the coating film 16 is 0.04 mg / cm 2 or more, and the main plating layer 149
- the thickness of the film is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.2 ⁇ m
- the dry adhesion amount of the film 16 is 0.07 mg / cm 2 or more
- the film 16 The dry adhesion amount of 0. More preferably, it is 25 mg / cm 2 or more.
- the contact 10 can be protected from oxygen, corrosive gas, moisture, and the like in cooperation with the main plating layer 149 by the coating 16 deposited in an appropriate amount. High corrosion resistance can be obtained. Further, since the fluorine-based oil constituting the coating film 16 is fluidized, it is pushed into a minute concave portion on the surface when the contacts are joined together, so that stable conductivity can be obtained without affecting the conductivity. In particular, when the thickness of the main plating layer 149 is 0.4 ⁇ m or less, the amount of expensive material (such as gold plating) used can be reduced, and the cost can be greatly reduced.
- Sample 1 is made of phosphor bronze (Cu: residual mass%, Sn: 6-9 mass%, P: 0.3-0.35 mass% and inevitable impurities) and processed into a predetermined contact shape.
- a material was prepared, and this cathode was subjected to alkaline cathode electrolytic degreasing under the conditions of sodium orthosilicate concentration: 50 g / l, bath temperature: 55 ° C., cathode current density: 10 A / dm 2 , electrolysis time: 30 seconds. After washing with water, acid washing was performed under the conditions of hydrochloric acid concentration: 10 vol%, bath temperature: 20 ° C., and immersion time: 10 seconds.
- a Ni plating layer is formed on the phosphor bronze surface part under the conditions of bath composition: sulfuric acid bath (watt bath), pH: 4.0, bath temperature: 50 ° C., current density: 10 A / dm 2 ,
- bath composition potassium gold cyanide (KAu (CN) 2 ) 12.5 g / l, cobalt sulfate (CoSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O) 400 ppm, additive 12.5 ml / l, bath An Au plating layer was formed under the conditions of temperature: 50 ° C. and current density: 3 A / dm 2 .
- concentration with HFE was apply
- the thickness of the Ni plating layer, the thickness of the Au plating layer, and the dry adhesion amount of the PFPE-containing coating are as shown in Table 3.
- the PFPE “Sancor ZZS-202” (product name) sold by Sankei Kagaku Co., Ltd. was used.
- As the solvent “SANKOL CFD Diluent Z” (product name) sold by SANKEI KAGKUKU CO., LTD. Was used.
- connectors of Samples 2 to 33 which differ from Sample 1 only in the thickness of the Ni plating layer, the thickness of the Au plating layer, and the dry adhesion amount of the PFPE-containing coating, were produced.
- the thickness of the Ni plating layer, the thickness of the Au plating layer, and the dry adhesion amount of the PFPE-containing coating are as shown in Table 4.
- an electrolytic Ni—P plating layer was formed under the conditions of bath composition: sulfuric acid bath (containing phosphorous acid), pH: 2.5, bath temperature: 60 ° C., current density: 10 A / dm 2 . Except for this, the connector of the sample 34 was manufactured in the same manner as the sample 1.
- the thickness of the Ni plating layer, the thickness of the Au plating layer, and the dry adhesion amount of the PFPE-containing coating are as shown in Table 4.
- a Pd—Ni plating layer was formed between the Ni plating layer and the Au plating layer under the conditions of bath composition: low ammonia bath, pH: 7.5, bath temperature: 45 ° C., current density: 10 A / dm 2. Except for the above, connectors of Samples 35 to 37 were manufactured in the same manner as Sample 1. Table 4 shows the Pd—Ni / Ni plating thickness, the Au plating thickness, and the dry adhesion amount of the PFPE-containing coating.
- the Ag plating layer was formed under the conditions of bath composition: cyanide bath, pH: 12, bath temperature: 15 to 25 ° C., current density: 2 A / dm 2
- the connector of the sample 38 was manufactured by the method described above.
- the thickness of the Ni plating layer, the thickness of the Ag plating layer, and the dry adhesion amount of the PFPE-containing coating are as shown in Table 4.
- a connector of Sample 73 was manufactured in the same manner as Sample 1 except that a benzothiazole-based water-soluble rust preventive agent was applied on the Au plating layer instead of the PFPE-containing coating.
- a connector of Sample 74 was manufactured in the same manner as Sample 73 except that an electrolytic Ni—P plating layer was formed instead of the Ni plating layer.
- a connector of Sample 75 was manufactured in the same manner as Sample 73 except that a thiol-based solvent-based rust inhibitor was applied on the Au plating layer instead of the benzothiazole-based water-soluble rust inhibitor.
- Table 5 shows the results of the evaluation based on the relationship between the thickness of the main plating layer and the dry adhesion amount of the PFPE-containing coating.
- FIG. 5 shows photographs of the contact surfaces of the connectors of Samples 1 to 32 and 39 to 72 after the test.
- FIG. 6 shows photographs of contacts in the connectors of Samples 33 to 38 and 73 to 75 after the test.
- ⁇ Second embodiment> The performance for tests other than the four-type mixed gas test according to the present invention was examined and will be described below.
- a connector (sample 76) having the same configuration as the connector of sample 8 used in the first example was used. That is, in the connector of sample 76, the thickness of the Au plating layer formed on the contact was 0.4 ⁇ m, and the dry adhesion amount of the PFPE-containing coating was 0.25 mg / cm 2 .
- the contact resistance value was measured using a milliohm meter (manufactured by HIOKI: 3560 AC m ⁇ HiTESTER).
- FIG. 7 (a) shows an example of the surface condition observation result of the contact after the salt spray test, but no clear corrosion product was observed by the salt spray test.
- the contact resistance values before and after the test were within the standard (not more than twice the initial contact resistance value) with almost no increase in contact resistance due to the salt spray test. Therefore, it has been clarified that the connector to which the present invention is applied has high corrosion resistance even in the salt spray test.
- FIG. 8 (a) an example of the contact surface state observation result after the two-type mixed gas test is shown, the two-type mixed gas test is partially more than the three-type mixed gas test and the four-type mixed gas test. Although it was a harsh atmosphere (gas concentration on the order of several ppm and 500 insertions / extractions), no clear corrosives were generated.
- the contact resistance values before the test, after 500 insertions / extractions and after exposure to the two-mixed gas flow are shown in FIG. 8 (b), respectively. 2 or less). Therefore, it has been clarified that the connector to which the present invention is applied has high corrosion resistance even for the two-mixed gas test.
- nitric acid storm test The nitric acid storm test conforms to the EIA standard (EIA-364-53B), does not mate with the mating connector, temperature: 23 ° C., nitric acid: 300 ml (specific gravity 1.42), desiccator volume: 6 L, test time: The test was performed under the condition of 75 minutes. In the nitric acid storm test, since there is no standard for measuring the contact resistance value, only surface observation was performed. Further, the corrosive counting method is as shown in Table 6 below. For example, when the size of the corroded material is 0.05 mm or less, the corroded material is counted as zero. The results of the surface observation are shown in FIG. 9, and it was clear that no corrosive substances were generated in the nitric acid storm test and the count was 1 or less. Therefore, it has been clarified that the connector to which the present invention is applied has high corrosion resistance even in the nitric acid storm test.
- PFPE concentration is 0.5 wt% or more
- EPMA electron beam microanalyzer
- PFPE oil is mainly composed of C (carbon) and F (fluorine)
- an electron beam microanalyzer is used. By doing so, these elements are surely detected. In addition, although the resolution is lowered, detection is possible even in EDX (energy dispersion type).
- FT / IR Frier transform infrared spectrophotometer
- PFPE oil is mainly composed of C (carbon), F (fluorine) and O (oxygen), and "-CF2-O-" as a skeleton. Therefore, an infrared absorption peak derived from the bond appears.
- a high-intensity absorption peak appears at 1300 to 1000 cm ⁇ 1 .
- PFPE oil contains an ether bond (C—O—C)
- an absorption peak derived from it also appears (not in polytetrafluoroethylene or the like).
- an absorption peak appears in the vicinity of 3000 to 2800 cm ⁇ 1 .
- Elements that are basically detected are C (carbon), F (fluorine), and O (oxygen), as in EPMA, but the binding energy (horizontal axis) to the photoelectron peak (vertical axis) of each element is It shifts according to its bonding state (chemical shift). For example, when focusing on the peak of C, it can be determined whether or not the compound exists in a state containing a “CF” or “CH” bond.
- AES Alger Electron Spectrometer
- AES Alger Electron Spectrometer
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Abstract
Description
(1)第一段階
図10に模式的に示すように、Auめっき直後には、素材(Au/Ni/Cu)に含まれるCu原子の拡散(粒界拡散が支配的と推定)が起こり、Auめっき表面まで到達する。同時にNi原子も拡散するが、高速で拡散したCu原子とAu-Cu系金属間化合物の存在により、Auめっき層内に留まる。これら高速で起こる拡散現象は、めっき加工金属における特有の現象である「超多量空孔生成による拡散促進効果」に起因している。
(2)第二段階
図11に模式的に示すように、混合された腐食性ガスおよび水分の相互作用により、酸性の電解質溶液が生成され、Auめっき表面に付着する。試験槽内は相対湿度70%RHの湿度環境下(温度は35℃)であるため、酸性の電解質溶液は、腐食性ガスが水分に溶解することで生成される。例えばSO2ガスによって、下記反応式(I)および(II)のように亜硫酸イオン(HSO3 -)が生成し、次いで、下記反応式(III)のように水の溶存酸素と反応して、硫酸イオン(SO4 2-)が生成される。
SO2+H2O→H2SO3(⇔HSO3 -+H+) ・・・反応式(I)
HSO3 -⇔SO3 2-+H+ ・・・反応式(II)
2SO3 2-+O2⇔2SO4 2- ・・・反応式(III)
(3)第三段階
図12に模式的に示すように、Auめっきがカソードとして働き、局部電池機構によりCu原子が溶出し、その箇所で集中的にCu原子の拡散および溶解が起こる。
(4)第四段階
図13に模式的に示すように、溶出したCuは電解質溶液および試験槽雰囲気中に含まれる硫酸イオン、水酸化物イオン、水硫化物イオンなどと反応し、Cu4(SO4)(OH)6および硫化物(CuS)などのCuを主成分とする難溶性の腐食物が局所的に生成される。
(5)第五段階
図14に模式的に示すように、Cu系腐食物の生成・成長と共に、Auめっき結晶粒界が膨張するため、その周辺を含め、Cu原子の拡散が容易となり、シミ状の腐食物が生成される。したがって、腐食の初期段階では硫酸イオンなどを含むCuを主成分とする化合物が生成されることとなる。
(6)第六段階
図15に模式的に示すように、Cu化合物の腐食物の成長・膨張に伴い、Auめっき内部に存在していたNi原子の拡散も促進され、Ni原子は、拡散が容易なCu腐食物内部および表面までの拡散が促進される。
(7)第七段階
図16に模式的に示すように、Ni原子は電気化学的に局部電池機構の影響を強く受けるため、加速度的に溶解する。この段階では、Cu原子の溶解反応は停止するものと推定される。
(8)第八段階
図17に模式的に示すように、最終的には硫酸イオンを含むNiの化合物が生成されるが、さらに、Ni原子の拡散が促進(Ni原子がイオン化した量を供給)され、これらの現象が連続的に起こるため、図18に模式的に示すように、Niめっき層内にボイドが形成される。
Au/Ni/Brass系およびAu/Ni-P/Brass系のコネクタを用い、S-ATAの耐食性試験規格である4種混合ガス試験を実施した結果、3種混合ガス試験において高い耐食性を示した下地Ni-P合金めっきは、4種混合ガス試験の規格(S-ATA規格)を満足せず、通常の下地Niめっきとほぼ同様な耐食性を示すにすぎなかった。したがって、Au/Ni/Brass系あるいはAu/Ni-P/Brass系における4種混合ガス試験の腐食発現メカニズムを、上記の3種混合ガス試験での腐食発現メカニズムを参考にして説明する。
1)はんだ付け工程(リフロー実装)による熱エネルギーの付加
2)耐久性試験(挿入抜去)による物理的および機械的エネルギーの付加
(実施例)
試料1として、リン青銅(Cu:残質量%、Sn:6~9質量%、P:0.3~0.35質量%および不可避不純物)からなり、所定のコンタクト形状に加工された導電性基材を用意し、この導電性基材に、オルソケイ酸ナトリウム濃度:50g/l、浴温:55℃、陰極電流密度:10A/dm2、電解時間:30秒という条件でアルカリ陰極電解脱脂を施し、水洗後、塩酸濃度:10vol%、浴温:20℃、浸漬時間:10秒という条件で酸洗浄を施した。水洗後、リン青銅の表面部分に、浴組成:硫酸浴(ワット浴)、pH:4.0、浴温:50℃、電流密度:10A/dm2という条件でNiめっき層を形成し、さらにこのNiめっき層上に、浴組成:シアン化第一金カリウム(KAu(CN)2) 12.5g/l,硫酸コバルト(CoSO4・7H2O) 400ppm,添加物12.5ml/l、浴温:50℃、電流密度:3A/dm2という条件でAuめっき層を形成した。その後、Auめっき層上に、PFPE油をHFEで所定濃度に希釈した塗布液を塗布し、PFPEを含有する被膜を形成した。その後、コンタクトを図1に示したハウジングに組み付け、試料1のコネクタとした。Niめっき層の厚さ、Auめっき層の厚さおよびPFPE含有被膜の乾燥付着量は表3に示すとおりである。なお、PFPEには、サンケイ化学株式会社(SANKEI KAGAKU CO.,LTD.)から販売されている「サンコール ZZS-202(SANKOL ZZS-202)」(製品名)を用いた。また、溶媒には、サンケイ化学株式会社(SANKEI KAGAKU CO.,LTD.)から販売されている「SANKOL CFD希釈剤Z(SANKOL CFD DILUENT Z)」(製品名)を用いた。
Auめっき層の厚さおよびPFPE含有被膜の乾燥付着量が本発明の範囲外であること以外は、試料1と同様の方法により、試料39~72のコネクタを製作した。
耐食性試験は、次の(a)~(e)の手順により行った。
(a)初期接触抵抗値の測定(直流四端子法により測定)
(b)挿抜50回
(c)接触抵抗値測定
(d)4種混合ガス流への暴露(未嵌合状態で168時間)
(e)接触抵抗値の測定
なお、4種混合ガス試験は、EIA規格(EIA-364-65A)に準拠し、ガスの種類と濃度は、H2S:10±5ppb、SO2:100±20ppb、NO2:200±50ppb、Cl2:10±3ppbとし、温度は30℃とし、湿度は75%RHとした。
4種混合ガス流への暴露後の接触抵抗値が初期接触抵抗値とほぼ同等である25mΩ未満のものを、優れた耐食性を有し、S-ATA規格を満たすとして「◎」と評価した。また、接触抵抗値が25mΩ以上45Ω未満のものを、◎ほどではないが良好な耐食性を有し、S-ATA規格を満たすとして「○」と評価した。さらに、接触抵抗値が45mΩ以上200mΩ未満のものを、耐食性が十分ではなくS-ATA規格外であるとして「△」とした。さらに、接触抵抗値が200mΩ以上のものは、耐食性が低いとして「×」と評価した。評価結果を表4に示す。
本発明による、耐4種混合ガス試験以外の試験に対する性能を検討したので、以下説明する。なお、以下の各試験には、上記第1実施例で用いた試料8のコネクタと同じ構成を有するコネクタ(試料76)を用いた。すなわち、試料76のコネクタでは、コンタクトに形成したAuめっき層の厚さを0.4μmとし、PFPE含有被膜の乾燥付着量を0.25mg/cm2とした。また、各試験では、試験前後のコンタクトの表面状態を観察する共に、ミリオームメータ(HIOKI製:3560 AC mΩ HiTESTER)を用いて接触抵抗値を測定した。
塩水噴霧試験は、JIS H8502に準拠し、試料を相手側コネクタ(レセプラクルコネクタ)と嵌合させた状態で、温度:35℃、塩水濃度:5%、試験時間:48時間の条件で行った。図7(a)に塩水噴霧試験後のコンタクトの表面状態観察結果の一例を示すが、塩水噴霧試験による明確な腐食物の生成は観察されなかった。また、試験前後の接触抵抗値を図7(b)に示すように、塩水噴霧試験による接触抵抗の増大はほとんどみられず、規格内(初期接触抵抗値の2倍以下)であった。したがって、本発明を適用したコネクタは、塩水噴霧試験に対しても高い耐食性を有することが明確となった。
2種混合ガス試験は、次の(a)~(e)の手順により行った。
(a)初期接触抵抗値の測定(直流四端子法により測定)
(b)挿抜500回
(c)接触抵抗値測定
(d)2種混合ガス流への暴露(相手側コネクタとの嵌合状態で96時間)
(e)接触抵抗値の測定
なお、2種混合ガス試験は、電子機器セットメーカで規格化されている条件に従い、ガスの種類と濃度は、H2S:3ppm、SO2:10ppmとし、温度は40℃とし、湿度は75%RHとした。
図8(a)に、2種混合ガス試験後のコンタクトの表面状態観察結果の一例を示すように、2種混合ガス試験は、部分的に3種混合ガス試験や4種混合ガス試験よりも過酷な雰囲気(数ppmオーダーのガス濃度や挿抜500回)であるが、明確な腐食物は生成してなかった。また、試験前、挿抜500回後、2種混合ガス流への暴露後の接触抵抗値を図8(b)にそれぞれ示すが、接触抵抗の増大はほとんどみられず、規格内(初期接触抵抗値の2倍以下)であった。したがって、本発明を適用したコネクタは、2種混合ガス試験に対しても高い耐食性を有することが明確となった。
硝酸暴気試験は、EIA規格(EIA-364-53B)に準拠し、相手方コネクタとは嵌合せず、温度:23℃、硝酸:300ml(比重1.42)、デシケータ容積:6L、試験時間:75分の条件で行った。なお、硝酸暴気試験においては、接触抵抗値を測定する規格が存在しないため、表面観察のみとした。また、腐食物のカウント方法は、下記表6に示すとおりである。例えば、腐食物の大きさが0.05mm以下の場合には、腐食物はゼロとカウントする。表面観察の結果を図9に示すが、硝酸暴気試験では腐食物は全く発生せず、カウント1以下であることは明確であった。したがって、本発明を適用したコネクタは、硝酸暴気試験に対しても高い耐食性を有することが明確となった。
(1)PFPE濃度0.5wt%以上の場合
(i)EPMA(電子線マイクロアナライザ)による表面分析
PFPE油はC(炭素)およびF(フッ素)を主成分とするため、電子線マイクロアナライザを使用することで、必ず、これらの元素が検出される。その他、分解能は低下するが、EDX(エネルギー分散型)においても検出は可能である。
(ii)FT/IR(フーリエ変換赤外分光光度計)による表面分析
PFPE油はC(炭素)、F(フッ素)およびO(酸素)を主成分とし、“-CF2-O-”を骨格とする高分子化合物であるため、それらの結合に由来する赤外吸収ピークが現れる。つまり、フッ素系化合物である場合、1300~1000cm-1に高強度の吸収ピークが現れることになる。また、PFPE油はエーテル結合(C-O-C)を含むため、それに由来する吸収ピークも現れる(ポリテトラフルオロエチレンなどでは現れない)。その他、CH基を含む場合には、3000~2800cm-1付近に吸収ピークが現れる。
(2)PFPE濃度0.5wt%未満の場合
XPS(X線光電子分光装置)による表面分析
PFPE油の濃度が低濃度である場合、表面への付着量も減少するため、PFPE油膜の膜厚は薄くなり、(1)項に挙げた分析方法では検出が困難(バックグラウンド強度が高くなるため)となる。したがって、このような薄膜状態の分析には、極表面層(例えば、数nm)の分析が可能なXPSが有効である。基本的に検出される元素は、EPMAと同様、C(炭素)、F(フッ素)およびO(酸素)であるが、それぞれの元素の光電子ピーク(縦軸)に対する結合エネルギー(横軸)は、その結合状態によってシフトする(ケミカルシフト)。例えば、Cのピークに着目した場合、その化合物が“C-F”あるいは、“C-H”結合を含む状態で存在するか否かが判断できる。その他、極表面層の分析には、AES(オージェ電子分光装置)なども有効である。
(3)その他の分析手法
(i)GC/MS(ガスクロマトグラフィ/質量分析計)
(ii)TOF-SIMS(飛行時間二次質量分析計)
(iii)RBS(ラザフォード後方散乱分光法)
(iv)LRS(レーザーラマン分光法、顕微レーザーラマン分光法)
(v)NMR(核磁気共鳴分析装置)
12 ハウジング
14 コンタクト(接点部材)
141 接触部
143 接続部
145 導電性基材
147 下地めっき層
149 主めっき層
16 被膜
Claims (6)
- 他の接点部材と接触する接触部の表面に、少なくとも、下地めっき層および該下地めっき層上に形成した主めっき層を有する接点部材を少なくとも具える電子部品あって、
前記主めっき層上に、フッ素系油を含有する被膜を設け、
該被膜が、主めっき層への単位面積あたりの乾燥付着量にして、0.011mg/cm2以上であることを特徴とする電子部品。 - 前記乾燥付着量が0.25mg/cm2以上である、請求項1記載の電子部品。
- 前記主めっき層がAu含有めっき層である、請求項1または2記載の電子部品。
- 前記主めっき層の厚さが0.4μm以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項記載の電子部品。
- 前記下地めっき層が、Niめっき層、電解Ni-Pめっき層、Pd-Niめっき層および、Niめっき層とPd-Niめっき層との複合めっき層のいずれかである、請求項1~4のいずれか一項記載の電子部品。
- 前記フッ素系油が、パーフルオロポリエーテル油(PFPE油)である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項記載の電子部品。
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- 2014-04-04 EP EP14791907.0A patent/EP2993253B1/en active Active
- 2014-04-04 JP JP2015514793A patent/JP6224090B2/ja active Active
- 2014-04-04 KR KR1020157034155A patent/KR101788688B1/ko active Active
- 2014-04-04 US US14/784,778 patent/US9705221B2/en active Active
- 2014-04-04 CN CN201480024619.4A patent/CN105189823B/zh active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US10164162B2 (en) | 2016-09-30 | 2018-12-25 | Nichia Corporation | Light emitting device, package for light emitting device, and method for manufacturing light emitting device |
| JP2022536230A (ja) * | 2019-06-05 | 2022-08-15 | アーニ インターナショナル アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 電気コンタクト要素 |
| JP2022536229A (ja) * | 2019-06-05 | 2022-08-15 | アーニ インターナショナル アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 高い動作電圧のための電気コンタクト要素 |
| JP7675652B2 (ja) | 2019-06-05 | 2025-05-13 | アーニ インターナショナル アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 高い動作電圧のための電気コンタクト要素 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US9705221B2 (en) | 2017-07-11 |
| KR20160003222A (ko) | 2016-01-08 |
| JPWO2014178259A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
| CN105189823B (zh) | 2018-01-02 |
| JP6224090B2 (ja) | 2017-11-01 |
| CN105189823A (zh) | 2015-12-23 |
| US20160064846A1 (en) | 2016-03-03 |
| ES2787575T3 (es) | 2020-10-16 |
| KR101788688B1 (ko) | 2017-10-20 |
| EP2993253A4 (en) | 2017-01-04 |
| EP2993253B1 (en) | 2020-03-11 |
| EP2993253A1 (en) | 2016-03-09 |
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