WO2014142310A1 - 接合体、パワーモジュール用基板、及びヒートシンク付パワーモジュール用基板 - Google Patents
接合体、パワーモジュール用基板、及びヒートシンク付パワーモジュール用基板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014142310A1 WO2014142310A1 PCT/JP2014/056920 JP2014056920W WO2014142310A1 WO 2014142310 A1 WO2014142310 A1 WO 2014142310A1 JP 2014056920 W JP2014056920 W JP 2014056920W WO 2014142310 A1 WO2014142310 A1 WO 2014142310A1
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- C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
- C04B37/02—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
- C04B37/023—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used
- C04B37/026—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used consisting of metals or metal salts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
- B23K20/023—Thermo-compression bonding
- B23K20/026—Thermo-compression bonding with diffusion of soldering material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/16—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts, e.g. material for absorbing or producing gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
- B23K20/233—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded without ferrous layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/001—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces
- B23K35/002—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces at least one of the workpieces being of light metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/001—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces
- B23K35/005—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces at least one of the workpieces being of a refractory metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/017—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of aluminium or an aluminium alloy, another layer being formed of an alloy based on a non ferrous metal other than aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
- C22C13/02—Alloys based on tin with antimony or bismuth as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
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- H10W40/22—
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- H10W40/255—
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- H10W40/258—
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- H10W40/47—
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- H10W70/685—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
- B23K2101/38—Conductors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/12—Copper or alloys thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
- B23K2103/26—Alloys of Nickel and Cobalt and Chromium
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- H10W90/734—
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a joined body formed by joining an aluminum member and a metal member made of copper, nickel, or silver, a power module substrate, and a power module substrate with a heat sink.
- a semiconductor device such as an LED or a power module has a structure in which a semiconductor element is bonded on a circuit layer made of a conductive material.
- a power semiconductor element for high power control used for controlling an electric vehicle such as wind power generation or an electric vehicle
- a large amount of heat is generated. Therefore, as a substrate on which the power semiconductor element is mounted, for example, AlN (aluminum nitride)
- a metal plate with excellent conductivity is bonded to one or both surfaces of a ceramic substrate (insulating layer) made of a metal plate, the metal plate on one side is used as a circuit layer, and the metal plate on the other side is used as a metal layer.
- power module substrates Conventionally, power module substrates have been widely used.
- a power module substrate in which a circuit layer (aluminum member) made of Al is formed on one surface of a ceramic substrate and a metal layer made of Al is formed on the other surface, and this circuit And a semiconductor element bonded to the layer via a solder material.
- a heat sink is bonded to the lower side of the power module substrate, and heat generated in the semiconductor element is transmitted to the power module substrate side and dissipated to the outside through the heat sink.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a technique for joining a semiconductor element, a metal layer, a heat sink, and the like using a silver oxide paste containing silver oxide particles and a reducing agent made of an organic substance as an alternative to a solder material.
- Patent Document 4 proposes a power module in which a circuit layer and a metal layer are composed of an Al layer and a Cu layer.
- the Cu layer is disposed on the surface of the circuit layer and the metal layer, the semiconductor elements can be favorably bonded using the solder material.
- Cu has a larger deformation resistance than Al, when the power cycle is applied to this power module, it is possible to prevent the surface of the circuit layer and the surface of the metal layer from being greatly deformed and to generate cracks in the solder layer.
- it is possible to improve the bonding reliability between the semiconductor element and the circuit layer and the bonding reliability between the metal layer and the heat sink.
- a joined body in which an Al layer and a Cu layer are joined via a Ti layer is used as a circuit layer and a metal layer.
- a diffusion layer is formed between the Al layer and the Ti layer, and the diffusion layer is formed in order from the Al layer side by an Al—Ti layer, an Al—Ti—Si layer, and an Al—Ti—Cu layer. And a layer.
- Patent Document 3 when joining a circuit layer and a semiconductor element using a silver oxide paste and joining a metal layer and a heat sink using a silver oxide paste, Al and silver oxide are used. Since the bondability of the paste to the fired body is poor, it is necessary to previously form an Ag underlayer on the surface of the circuit layer and the surface of the metal layer.
- a hard Al—Ti layer or an Al—Ti—Cu layer is formed at the bonding interface between the Al layer and the Ti layer in the circuit layer.
- a hard Al—Ti layer or Al—Ti—Cu layer is formed at the bonding interface between the Al layer and the Ti layer, there is a problem that it becomes a starting point of a crack when a heat cycle is applied.
- a Cu plate or the like is laminated on the Al layer via a Ti foil and heated to a temperature at which the interface between the Al layer and the Ti foil is melted, a liquid phase is produced at the bonding interface, resulting in bumps, As the thickness fluctuates, there is a problem that the bonding reliability is lowered.
- Patent Document 4 As an alternative to the Ni plating of Patent Document 2, as described in Patent Document 4, a Ni plate is bonded to a circuit layer made of Al and a metal layer made of Al via a Ti foil to form a Ni layer. Can also be considered. Furthermore, when using the silver oxide paste of Patent Document 3, it is also conceivable to form an Ag underlayer by joining an Ag plate via a Ti foil on a circuit layer made of Al and a metal layer made of Al. . However, when the Ni layer or the Ag layer is formed by the method described in Patent Document 4, an Al—Ti layer, an Al—Ti layer is formed at the bonding interface between the Al layer and the Ti layer, as in the case of forming the Cu layer.
- the bonding reliability may be lowered due to formation of a hard layer such as a —Ni layer or an Al—Ti—Ag layer, or formation of bumps at the bonding interface.
- a hard layer such as a —Ni layer or an Al—Ti—Ag layer
- bumps at the bonding interface As described above, conventionally, an aluminum member and a metal member made of any one of copper, nickel, and silver cannot be satisfactorily bonded, and a bonded body having excellent bonding reliability cannot be obtained. . Conventionally, an Al layer and a metal member layer made of any one of Cu, Ni, and Ag cannot be satisfactorily bonded, and a power module substrate having a metal layer with excellent bonding reliability is obtained. I could't.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and when an aluminum member and a metal member made of copper, nickel, or silver are satisfactorily bonded and a heat cycle is loaded, the bonded portion It is an object of the present invention to provide a bonded body, a power module substrate, and a power module substrate with a heat sink that can suppress the occurrence of cracks in the substrate and have good bonding reliability.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a power module substrate and a heat module substrate with a heat sink that can suppress the occurrence of cracks and have good bonding reliability.
- a joined body in one embodiment of the present invention is a joined body in which an aluminum member made of aluminum and a metal member made of copper, nickel, or silver are joined, At the joint between the aluminum member and the metal member, there is a Ti layer located on the metal member side, an Al-- which is located between the Ti layer and the aluminum member, and Si is dissolved in Al 3 Ti.
- a Ti—Si layer, and the Al—Ti—Si layer includes a first Al—Ti—Si layer formed on the Ti layer side and a first Al layer formed on the aluminum member side.
- a second Al—Ti—Si layer having a lower Si concentration than the —Ti—Si layer.
- the Ti layer and the Al—Ti—Si layer are formed at the joint portion between the aluminum member made of aluminum and the metal member made of copper, nickel, or silver, and is hard. Since no Al-Ti-Cu layer, Al-Ti layer, etc. are formed, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of cracks in the joint when a heat cycle is applied, and the reliability of joining between an aluminum member and a metal member Can be improved.
- the first Al—Ti—Si layer formed on the Ti layer side is higher than the Si concentration of the second Al—Ti—Si layer formed on the aluminum member side, the first Al— The Ti-Si layer suppresses Ti atoms from diffusing to the aluminum member side, the thickness of the first Al-Ti-Si layer and the second Al-Ti-Si layer can be reduced, and the heat cycle is loaded When this is done, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of cracks at the joint.
- aluminum is made of pure aluminum or aluminum alloy
- the metal member is made of copper or copper alloy, nickel or nickel alloy, or silver or silver alloy.
- a joined body according to another aspect of the present invention is the joined body according to (1), wherein the Si concentration contained in the second Al—Ti—Si layer is 1 at% or more in the joined body. .
- the second Al—Ti—Si layer formed on the aluminum member side has a sufficient Si concentration, excessive diffusion of Al atoms constituting the aluminum member to the Ti layer side is suppressed.
- the thickness of the first Al—Ti—Si layer and the second Al—Ti—Si layer can be reduced.
- the Ti layer and the Al—Ti—Si layer are formed at the joint between the Al layer and the metal member layer, and the hard Al—Ti—Cu layer is formed. Since no layer, Al—Ti layer, or the like is formed, the occurrence of cracks in the circuit layer when a heat cycle is applied can be suppressed. Therefore, in the power module, the bonding reliability between the semiconductor element and the power module substrate can be improved. Furthermore, since the Si concentration of the first Al—Ti—Si layer formed on the Ti layer side is higher than the Si concentration of the second Al—Ti—Si layer formed on the Al layer side, Ti atoms are contained in the Al layer. Accordingly, the first Al—Ti—Si layer and the second Al—Ti—Si layer can be reduced in thickness.
- the Al layer absorbs the thermal stress generated when the heat cycle is loaded, and the ceramic substrate is not cracked. Occurrence can be suppressed. Furthermore, when a Cu layer made of copper or a copper alloy is formed on one surface of the Al layer, the deformation resistance of the Cu layer is larger than that of the Al layer. The deformation is suppressed, the deformation of the solder layer that joins the semiconductor element and the circuit layer can be suppressed, and the bonding reliability can be improved. In addition, since the Cu layer having a good thermal conductivity is formed on one side of the circuit layer, the heat from the semiconductor element can be spread and efficiently transmitted to the power module substrate side.
- the Ni layer made of nickel or nickel alloy is formed on one surface of the Al layer, the solderability is good and the bonding reliability with the semiconductor element is improved.
- an Ag layer made of silver or a silver alloy is formed on one surface of the Al layer, for example, when joining semiconductor elements using a silver oxide paste containing silver oxide particles and a reducing agent made of an organic substance.
- the silver with reduced silver oxide and the Ag layer are bonded between the same kind of metals, the bonding reliability can be improved.
- the Ag layer having good thermal conductivity is formed on one side of the circuit layer, the heat from the semiconductor element can be spread and efficiently transmitted to the power module substrate side.
- the power module substrate according to another aspect of the present invention is the power module substrate according to (3), including a metal layer formed on the other surface of the insulating layer, wherein the metal layer is ( 1) or the joined body according to (2), wherein the metal layer is formed on the other surface of the insulating layer and formed of the aluminum member, and the insulating layer of the Al layer is formed.
- a metal member layer formed on the surface opposite to the surface and made of the metal member, and a Ti layer located on the metal member layer side at a joint between the Al layer and the metal member layer, An Al—Ti—Si layer in which Si is dissolved in Al 3 Ti is formed between the Ti layer and the Al layer, and the Al—Ti—Si layer is formed on the Ti layer side. Formed on the Al layer side and the first Al—Ti—Si layer formed on Serial Si concentration than the first Al-Ti-Si layer is low and the second Al-Ti-Si layer, and configurations with.
- the Ti layer and the first Al—Ti—Si layer are formed at the joint between the Al layer and the metal member layer, and a hard Al—Ti—Cu layer or Al—Ti layer is formed. Since no layer or the like is formed, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of cracks in the metal layer when a heat cycle is loaded. Therefore, when the metal layer and the heat sink are bonded, the bonding reliability between the metal layer and the heat sink can be improved.
- a power module substrate in another aspect of the present invention includes an insulating layer, a circuit layer formed on one surface of the insulating layer, and a metal layer formed on the other surface of the insulating layer.
- the metal layer is made of the joined body according to (1) or (2), and is formed at a joint portion between the Al layer made of the aluminum member and the metal member layer made of the metal member.
- the Al—Ti—Si layer has a first Al—Ti—Si layer formed on the Ti layer side and a Si concentration lower than that of the first Al—Ti—Si layer formed on the Al layer side.
- aluminum is made of pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy
- copper is made of pure copper or a copper alloy
- nickel is made of pure nickel or a nickel alloy
- silver is made of pure silver or a silver alloy.
- the Ti layer and the Al—Ti—Si layer are formed at the joint between the Al layer and the metal member layer, and the hard Al—Ti—Cu layer is formed. Since no layer, Al—Ti layer or the like is formed, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of cracks in the metal layer when a heat cycle is applied. Therefore, when the metal layer of the power module substrate is bonded to the heat sink, the bonding reliability between the power module substrate and the heat sink can be improved. Furthermore, since the Si concentration of the first Al—Ti—Si layer formed on the Ti layer side is higher than the Si concentration of the second Al—Ti—Si layer formed on the Al layer side, Ti atoms are contained in the Al layer. Accordingly, the first Al—Ti—Si layer and the second Al—Ti—Si layer can be reduced in thickness.
- the Al layer having a relatively small deformation resistance is formed on the other surface of the insulating layer, the Al layer absorbs the thermal stress generated when the heat cycle is loaded, and the ceramic substrate is not cracked. Occurrence can be suppressed. Furthermore, when a Cu layer made of copper or a copper alloy is formed on the surface of the Al layer opposite to the surface on which the insulating layer is formed, since the Cu layer has a larger deformation resistance than the Al layer, When the heat cycle is loaded, the deformation of the metal layer is suppressed, the deformation of the bonding layer for bonding the heat sink and the metal layer is suppressed, and the bonding reliability can be improved.
- the solderability is good and the reliability of joining to the heat sink is improved.
- an Ag layer made of silver or a silver alloy is formed on the surface of the Al layer opposite to the surface on which the insulating layer is formed, for example, silver oxide containing silver oxide particles and a reducing agent made of an organic substance
- the heat sink is joined using the paste, the silver whose silver oxide is reduced and the Ag layer are joined between the same kind of metals, so that the joining reliability can be improved.
- a power module substrate with a heat sink includes the power module substrate according to any one of (3) to (5), and a heat sink bonded to the metal layer. ing. According to the power module substrate with a heat sink, since the power module substrate and the heat sink are joined, heat from the power module substrate side can be efficiently dissipated through the heat sink.
- a power module substrate with a heat sink according to another aspect of the present invention is the power module substrate with a heat sink according to (6), in which the metal layer and the heat sink are bonded via a solder layer.
- the metal member layer made of copper, nickel, or silver formed on the heat sink side of the metal layer and the heat sink are joined via the solder layer, so the metal member layer and the solder layer are joined well. It is possible to improve the bonding reliability between the metal layer and the heat sink.
- a power module substrate with a heat sink includes an insulating layer, a circuit layer formed on one surface of the insulating layer, and a metal layer formed on the other surface of the insulating layer.
- the other of the joint surfaces of the metal layer and the heat sink is made of copper, nickel, or silver, and the joint surface of the metal layer and the heat sink is made of copper, nickel, or silver.
- the bonding surface is made of aluminum, positioned between the Ti layer, Al 3 T
- a Ti layer and an Al—Ti—Si layer are formed at the joint between the metal layer and the heat sink, and a hard Al—Ti—Cu layer or Al— Since the Ti layer or the like is not formed, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of cracks at the joint between the metal layer and the heat sink when a heat cycle is applied, thereby improving the joint reliability.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged explanatory view of a bonding interface between an Al layer and a Ti layer in FIG. It is a flowchart explaining the manufacturing method of the power module which concerns on 1st embodiment. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the manufacturing method of the power module which concerns on 1st embodiment. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the power module with a heat sink which concerns on 2nd embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged explanatory view of a bonding interface between the metal layer and the Ti layer in FIG. It is a flowchart explaining the manufacturing method of the power module with a heat sink which concerns on 2nd embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is an enlarged explanatory view of a joint portion between a Ti layer and an Al layer in the metal layer of FIG. 14. It is a flowchart explaining the manufacturing method of the power module with a heat sink which concerns on 5th embodiment. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the manufacturing method of the power module with a heat sink which concerns on 5th embodiment. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the power module with a heat sink which concerns on 6th embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the manufacturing method of the board
- FIG. 1 shows a power module 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the power module 1 includes a power module substrate 10 and a semiconductor element 3 bonded to one surface (upper surface in FIG. 1) of the power module substrate 10 via a solder layer 2.
- the power module substrate 10 includes a ceramic substrate 11 constituting an insulating layer, and a circuit layer 12 (joined body) disposed on one surface (the upper surface in FIG. 1, the first surface) of the ceramic substrate 11. And a metal layer 13 disposed on the other surface (second surface) of the ceramic substrate 11.
- the ceramic substrate 11 is made of highly insulating AlN (aluminum nitride), Si 3 N 4 (silicon nitride), Al 2 O 3 (alumina), or the like. In this embodiment, it is comprised with AlN (aluminum nitride) excellent in heat dissipation. Further, the thickness of the ceramic substrate 11 is set within a range of 0.2 to 1.5 mm, and in this embodiment is set to 0.635 mm.
- the circuit layer 12 includes an Al layer 12A disposed on the first surface of the ceramic substrate 11, and a Cu layer laminated on one surface of the Al layer 12A via a Ti layer 15. 12B (metal member layer).
- the Al layer 12 ⁇ / b> A is formed by bonding an aluminum plate (aluminum member) made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy to the first surface of the ceramic substrate 11.
- the Al layer 12A is formed by joining rolled sheets of aluminum (so-called 2N aluminum) having a purity of 99% by mass or more.
- the aluminum rolled plate having a purity of 99% by mass or more preferably contains 0.08% by mass or more and 0.95% by mass or less of Si.
- the thickness of the aluminum plate joined is set in the range of 0.1 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less, and is set to 0.4 mm in this embodiment.
- the Ti layer 15 is formed by laminating an Al layer 12A and a copper plate via a titanium foil and performing solid phase diffusion bonding.
- the purity of the titanium foil is 99% or more.
- the thickness of the titanium foil is set to 3 ⁇ m or more and 40 ⁇ m or less, and in this embodiment, it is set to 10 ⁇ m.
- an Al—Ti—Si layer 16 in which Si is dissolved in Al 3 Ti is formed at the bonding interface between the Al layer 12A and the Ti layer 15.
- the Al—Ti—Si layer 16 is formed by mutual diffusion of Al atoms in the Al layer 12A and Ti atoms in the Ti layer 15.
- the thickness of the Al—Ti—Si layer 16 is set to 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less, and in this embodiment, 3 ⁇ m.
- the Al—Ti—Si layer 16 includes a first Al—Ti—Si layer 16A formed on the Ti layer 15 side and a second Al—Ti— layer formed on the Al layer 12A side. Si layer 16B. That is, the Ti layer 15, the first Al—Ti—Si layer 16A, and the second Al—Ti—Si layer 16B are formed at the joint between the Al layer 12A and the Cu layer 12B.
- the first Al—Ti—Si layer 16A and the second Al—Ti—Si layer 16B are composed of an Al—Ti—Si phase in which Si is dissolved in Al 3 Ti, and the second Al—Ti—Si layer 16B.
- the Si concentration of the first Al—Ti—Si layer 16A is lower than the Si concentration.
- Si contained in the first Al—Ti—Si layer 16A and the second Al—Ti—Si layer 16B is composed of Si contained as an impurity in the 2N aluminum rolled plate as Al—Ti—Si. It has diffused and concentrated in the layer 16.
- the Si concentration of the first Al—Ti—Si layer 16A is 10 at% or more and 30 at% or less, and is 20 at% in the present embodiment.
- the Si concentration of the second Al—Ti—Si layer 16B is 1 at% or more and 10 at% or less, and is 3 at% in this embodiment.
- the metal layer 13 is formed by joining an aluminum plate made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy to the second surface (the lower surface in FIG. 1) of the ceramic substrate 11.
- the metal layer 13 is formed by joining a rolled plate of aluminum (2N aluminum) having a purity of 99% by mass or more to the ceramic substrate 11.
- the thickness of the aluminum plate used as the metal layer 13 is set in the range of 0.1 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less, and is set to 1.6 mm in this embodiment.
- the semiconductor element 3 is made of a semiconductor material such as Si.
- the semiconductor element 3 and the circuit layer 12 are joined via the solder layer 2.
- the solder layer 2 is made of, for example, a Sn—Ag, Sn—Cu, Sn—In, or Sn—Ag—Cu solder material (so-called lead-free solder material). The element 3 is joined.
- an aluminum plate 22A to be an Al layer 12A is laminated on the first surface of the ceramic substrate 11, and a copper plate 22B to be a Cu layer 12B is further laminated thereon via a titanium foil 25.
- an aluminum plate 23 to be the metal layer 13 is laminated on the second surface of the ceramic substrate 11 (aluminum plate and copper plate lamination step S01).
- the aluminum plates 22A and 23 and the ceramic substrate 11 are laminated with an Al—Si based brazing material foil 26 interposed therebetween.
- circuit layer and metal layer forming step S02 in a state of being pressurized in the stacking direction (pressure 1 to 35 kgf / cm 2 ), it is placed in a vacuum heating furnace and heated to form the Al layer 12A and the metal layer 13, and the Al layer 12A and the titanium foil 25, Then, the copper plate 22B and the titanium foil 25 are solid phase diffusion bonded to form the circuit layer 12 and the metal layer 13 (circuit layer and metal layer forming step S02).
- the pressure in the vacuum heating furnace is set in the range of 10 ⁇ 6 Pa to 10 ⁇ 3 Pa
- the heating temperature is set to 600 ° C. to 643 ° C.
- the holding time is set in the range of 30 minutes to 180 minutes. It is preferable.
- a more preferable heating temperature is in the range of 630 ° C. or more and 643 ° C. or less.
- a pressure of 12 kgf / cm 2 was applied in the stacking direction, and the heating temperature was 640 ° C. and the holding time was 60 minutes.
- Each surface to which the aluminum plate 22A, the titanium foil 25, and the copper plate 22B are bonded is solid-phase diffusion bonded after the scratches on the surfaces have been removed and smoothed in advance.
- the power module substrate 10 according to the present embodiment is manufactured.
- the semiconductor element 3 is laminated on one surface (front surface) of the circuit layer 12 via a solder material, and solder-bonded in a reduction furnace (semiconductor element bonding step S03). As described above, the power module 1 according to the present embodiment is manufactured.
- the Ti layer 15 and the Al layer are formed at the junction between the Al layer 12A and the Cu layer 12B in the circuit layer 12.
- -Ti-Si layer 16 is formed, and since no hard Al-Ti-Cu layer or Al-Ti layer is formed, the circuit layer 12 cracks when a heat cycle is applied. Can be prevented from occurring. Therefore, in the power module 1, the bonding reliability between the semiconductor element 3 and the power module substrate 10 can be improved.
- the Si concentration of the first Al—Ti—Si layer 16A formed on the Ti layer 15 side is higher than the Si concentration of the second Al—Ti—Si layer 16B formed on the Al layer 12A side.
- the first Al—Ti—Si layer 16A having a high concentration prevents Ti atoms from diffusing toward the Al layer 12A, and the thickness of the Al—Ti—Si layer 16 can be reduced.
- by reducing the thickness of the Al—Ti—Si layer 16 in this way it is possible to suppress the occurrence of cracks at the joint between the Al layer 12A and the Cu layer 12B when a heat cycle is applied. Become.
- the Si concentration contained in the second Al—Ti—Si layer 16B formed on the Al layer 12A side is 1 at% or more and 10 at% or less, Al atoms diffuse excessively on the Ti layer 15 side. Is suppressed, and the thickness of the second Al—Ti—Si layer 16B can be reduced. Furthermore, since the Si concentration contained in the first Al—Ti—Si layer 16A formed on the Ti layer 15 side is 10 at% or more and 30 at% or less, Ti atoms are excessively diffused on the Al layer 12A side. Therefore, the thickness of the first Al—Ti—Si layer 16A can be reduced.
- the Al layer 12A having a relatively small deformation resistance is formed on the first surface of the ceramic substrate 11, the Al layer 12A absorbs the thermal stress generated when the heat cycle is loaded, and the ceramic substrate 11 It can suppress that a crack generate
- the Cu layer 12B having a relatively large deformation resistance is formed on one surface of the Al layer 12A, the deformation of the circuit layer 12 is suppressed when a heat cycle is applied, and the semiconductor element 3 and the circuit The deformation of the solder layer 2 that joins the layer 12 can be suppressed, and the joining reliability can be improved.
- the Cu layer 12B having good thermal conductivity is formed on one side of the circuit layer 12, heat from the semiconductor element 3 can be spread and efficiently transmitted to the power module substrate 10 side.
- the solid phase diffusion bonding of the Al layer 12A (aluminum plate 22A) and the titanium foil 25 and the copper plate 22B and the titanium foil 25 is applied with a pressure of 1 to 35 kgf / cm 2 in the stacking direction.
- the temperature is maintained at 600 ° C. or higher and 643 ° C. or lower, so that Ti atoms can be introduced into the Al layer 12A and the copper plate 22B without generating a liquid phase at the interface between the Al layer and the Ti layer.
- the Al layer 12A, the titanium foil 25, and the copper plate 22B can be reliably bonded by diffusing and solid-phase diffusion bonding of Al atoms and Cu atoms in the titanium foil 25.
- the pressure applied in the stacking direction during solid phase diffusion bonding is less than 1 kgf / cm 2, it becomes difficult to sufficiently bond the Al layer 12A, the titanium foil 25, and the copper plate 22B, and a gap is generated at the bonding interface. There is. Moreover, when it exceeds 35 kgf / cm ⁇ 2 >, since the load applied is too high, the ceramic substrate 11 may be cracked. For these reasons, the pressure applied during solid phase diffusion bonding is set in the above range.
- the preferable temperature range of solid phase diffusion bonding is set to the above range.
- gaps may be generated during solid phase diffusion bonding.
- the aluminum plate 22A, the copper plate 22B, and the titanium foil 25 Since the surfaces to be joined are solid phase diffusion bonded after the scratches on the surfaces have been removed and smoothed in advance, it is possible to perform bonding while suppressing the formation of gaps at the respective bonding interfaces. .
- FIG. 5 shows a power module 201 with a heat sink according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- This power module 201 with a heat sink includes a power module substrate 230 with a heat sink, and a semiconductor element 3 bonded to one surface (the upper surface in FIG. 5) of the power module substrate 230 with a heat sink via a solder layer 2. It has.
- the power module substrate 230 with a heat sink includes a power module substrate 210 and a heat sink 231 (metal member) laminated on the lower side of the power module substrate 210 via a Ti layer 215.
- the power module substrate 210 includes a ceramic substrate 11, a circuit layer 212 disposed on the first surface (the upper surface in FIG. 5) of the ceramic substrate 11, and the second of the ceramic substrate 11. And a metal layer 213 (Al layer) disposed on the surface (the lower surface in FIG. 5).
- the circuit layer 212 is formed by bonding a conductive aluminum plate to the first surface (the upper surface in FIG. 5) of the ceramic substrate 11.
- the circuit layer 212 is formed by joining rolled sheets of aluminum (4N aluminum) having a purity of 99.99% by mass or more.
- the thickness of the aluminum plate joined is set in the range of 0.1 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less, and is set to 0.6 mm in this embodiment.
- the metal layer 213 is formed by joining an aluminum plate made of conductive aluminum or aluminum alloy to the second surface (lower surface in FIG. 5) of the ceramic substrate 11.
- the metal layer 213 is formed by joining aluminum (2N aluminum) rolled plates having a purity of 99% by mass or more.
- the aluminum rolled plate having a purity of 99% by mass or more preferably contains 0.08% by mass or more and 0.95% by mass or less of Si.
- the thickness of the aluminum plate joined is set in the range of 0.1 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less, and is set to 0.6 mm in this embodiment.
- the heat sink 231 is for dissipating heat on the power module substrate 210 side.
- the heat sink 231 is made of copper or a copper alloy, and is made of oxygen-free copper in this embodiment.
- the heat sink 231 is provided with a flow path 232 for flowing a cooling fluid.
- the metal layer 213 and the heat sink 231 are bonded via the Ti layer 215.
- the Ti layer 215 is formed by laminating a metal layer 213 made of aluminum and a heat sink 231 made of copper via a titanium foil and performing solid phase diffusion bonding.
- the purity of this titanium foil is 99% or more.
- the thickness of the titanium foil is set to 3 ⁇ m or more and 40 ⁇ m or less. In the present embodiment, the thickness is set to 10 ⁇ m.
- an Al—Ti—Si layer 216 in which Si is dissolved in Al 3 Ti is formed at the bonding interface between the metal layer 213 and the Ti layer 215.
- the Al—Ti—Si layer 216 is formed by mutual diffusion of Al atoms in the metal layer 213 and Ti atoms in the Ti layer 215.
- the thickness of the Al—Ti—Si layer 216 is set to 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less, and is 3 ⁇ m in this embodiment.
- the Al—Ti—Si layer 216 includes a first Al—Ti—Si layer 216A formed on the Ti layer 215 side and a second Al—Ti— layer formed on the metal layer 213 side.
- Si layer 216B That is, the Ti layer 215, the first Al—Ti—Si layer 216A, and the second Al—Ti—Si layer 216B are formed at the joint between the metal layer 213 and the heat sink 231.
- the first Al—Ti—Si layer 216A and the second Al—Ti—Si layer 216B are composed of an Al—Ti—Si phase in which Si is dissolved in Al 3 Ti, and the second Al—Ti—Si layer 216B.
- the Si concentration of the first Al—Ti—Si layer 216A is lower than the Si concentration.
- the Si concentration of the first Al—Ti—Si layer 216A is 10 at% or more and 30 at% or less, and is 20 at% in the present embodiment.
- the Si concentration of the second Al—Ti—Si layer 216B is 1 at% or more and 10 at% or less, and is 3 at% in this embodiment.
- an aluminum plate 222 to be the circuit layer 212 is laminated on the first surface of the ceramic substrate 11 with an Al—Si brazing material foil 26 interposed therebetween. Further, an aluminum plate 223 to be the metal layer 213 is laminated on the second surface of the ceramic substrate 11 with the brazing material foil 26 interposed therebetween. Then, a heat sink 231 is further laminated on the second surface side (lower side in FIG. 8) of the ceramic substrate 11 via the titanium foil 225 (aluminum plate and heat sink lamination step S211).
- the aluminum plates 222 and 223, the ceramic substrate 11, and the heat sink 231 are pressed in the stacking direction (pressure 1 to 35 kgf / cm 2 ), placed in a vacuum heating furnace and heated, and the first ceramic substrate 11 is heated.
- the circuit layer 212 and the metal layer 213 are formed on the first surface and the second surface, and the metal layer 213 and the titanium foil 225, and the heat sink 231 and the titanium foil 225 are solid-phase diffusion bonded, and the metal layer 213 and the heat sink 231 Are joined (circuit layer, metal layer, and heat sink joining step S212).
- the pressure in the vacuum heating furnace is set in the range of 10 ⁇ 6 Pa to 10 ⁇ 3 Pa
- the heating temperature is set to 600 ° C. to 643 ° C.
- the holding time is set in the range of 30 minutes to 180 minutes. It is preferred that A more preferable heating temperature is in the range of 630 ° C. or more and 643 ° C. or less.
- a pressure of 20 kgf / cm 2 was applied in the stacking direction, and the heating temperature was 640 ° C. and the holding time was 60 minutes.
- Each surface to which the aluminum plate 223, the titanium foil 225, and the heat sink 231 are bonded is solid-phase diffusion bonded after the scratches on the surfaces are previously removed and smoothed.
- the power module substrate 230 with heat sink and the power module substrate 210 according to this embodiment are manufactured.
- the semiconductor element 3 is stacked on one surface of the power module substrate 230 (circuit layer 212) with a heat sink via a solder material, and solder-bonded in a reduction furnace (semiconductor element bonding step S213).
- the power module with heat sink 201 according to the present embodiment is manufactured.
- the Si concentration of the first Al—Ti—Si layer 216A formed on the Ti layer 215 side is higher than the Si concentration of the second Al—Ti—Si layer 216B formed on the metal layer 213 side.
- the first Al—Ti—Si layer 216A having a high concentration suppresses Ti atoms from diffusing into the metal layer 213, so that the thickness of the Al—Ti—Si layer 216 can be reduced.
- the circuit layer 212 and the metal layer 213 are formed on the first surface and the second surface of the ceramic substrate 11, and the metal layer 213 and the heat sink 231 can be bonded simultaneously.
- the manufacturing process can be simplified and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- the metal layer 313 is an Al layer 313A formed on the second surface of the ceramic substrate 11, and the surface of the Al layer 313A to which the ceramic substrate 11 is bonded. And a Cu layer 313B bonded to a solid phase diffusion via a Ti layer 315 on the opposite side.
- the thermal stress generated in the ceramic substrate 11 is absorbed by the Al layer 313A, and the generation of cracks in the ceramic substrate 11 can be suppressed. Further, since the Cu layer 313B is formed below the Al layer 313A, heat from the semiconductor element 3 side can be efficiently dissipated.
- a metal layer was comprised with aluminum or aluminum alloy was demonstrated, it is not limited to this, You may be comprised with copper or a copper alloy.
- the metal layer is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and the heat sink is made of copper or a copper alloy has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the metal layer is made of copper or copper.
- the heat sink may be made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- an aluminum plate to be an Al layer is laminated, and a copper plate to be a Cu layer is laminated thereon via a titanium foil, and a circuit layer is formed by pressing and heating.
- a lead frame (metal member) made of copper can be used.
- FIG. 13 shows a power module 501 with a heat sink according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the power module with heat sink 501 includes a power module substrate with heat sink 530 and a semiconductor element 3 bonded to one surface (upper surface in FIG. 13) of the power module substrate with heat sink through the solder layer 2.
- the power module substrate 530 with a heat sink includes a power module substrate 510 and a heat sink 531 bonded to the lower side of the power module substrate 510 via a solder layer 535.
- the power module substrate 510 is disposed on the ceramic substrate 511 constituting the insulating layer and one surface (the upper surface in FIG. 14, the first surface) of the ceramic substrate 511.
- a circuit layer 512 and a metal layer 513 disposed on the other surface (the lower surface in FIG. 15, the second surface) of the ceramic substrate 511 are provided.
- the ceramic substrate 511 is made of highly insulating AlN (aluminum nitride), Si 3 N 4 (silicon nitride), Al 2 O 3 (alumina), or the like. In this embodiment, it is comprised with AlN (aluminum nitride) excellent in heat dissipation. In addition, the thickness of the ceramic substrate 511 is set within a range of 0.2 to 1.5 mm, and in this embodiment is set to 0.635 mm.
- the circuit layer 512 is formed by joining an aluminum plate made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy to the first surface (the upper surface in FIG. 14) of the ceramic substrate 511.
- the circuit layer 512 is formed by joining a rolled plate of aluminum (2N aluminum) having a purity of 99% or more to the ceramic substrate 511.
- the thickness of the aluminum plate used as the circuit layer 512 is set in the range of 0.1 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less, and is set to 0.6 mm in this embodiment.
- the metal layer 513 includes an Al layer 513A disposed on the second surface (the lower surface in FIG. 14) of the ceramic substrate 511, and the surface of the Al layer 513A to which the ceramic substrate 511 is bonded. And a Cu layer 513B (metal member layer) laminated via a Ti layer 515 on the opposite surface.
- the Al layer 513A is formed by bonding an aluminum plate made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy to the second surface of the ceramic substrate 511.
- the Al layer 513A is formed by joining aluminum (so-called 2N aluminum) rolled sheets having a purity of 99% by mass or more.
- the aluminum rolled plate having a purity of 99% by mass or more preferably contains 0.08% by mass or more and 0.95% by mass or less of Si.
- the thickness of the aluminum plate joined is set in the range of 0.1 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less, and is set to 0.6 mm in this embodiment.
- a copper plate made of copper or a copper alloy is bonded to the surface of the Al layer 513A opposite to the surface on which the ceramic substrate 511 is formed (the lower surface in FIG. 14) via the Ti layer 515. It is formed by.
- the Cu layer 513B is formed by solid-phase diffusion bonding of a rolled plate of oxygen-free copper to the Al layer 513A via a titanium foil.
- the thickness of the copper plate joined is set in the range of 0.1 mm or more and 6.0 mm or less, and is set to 0.3 mm in this embodiment.
- the Ti layer 515 is formed by laminating an Al layer 513A and a copper plate via a titanium foil and performing solid phase diffusion bonding.
- the purity of the titanium foil is 99% or more.
- the thickness of the Ti foil is set to 3 ⁇ m or more and 40 ⁇ m or less, and in this embodiment, it is set to 15 ⁇ m.
- an Al—Ti—Si layer 516 in which Si is dissolved in Al 3 Ti is formed at the bonding interface between the Al layer 513A and the Ti layer 515.
- the Al—Ti—Si layer 516 is formed by the mutual diffusion of Al atoms in the Al layer 512A and Ti atoms in the Ti layer 515.
- the thickness of the Al—Ti—Si layer 516 is set to 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less, and is 5 ⁇ m in this embodiment.
- the Al—Ti—Si layer 516 includes a first Al—Ti—Si layer 516A formed on the Ti layer 515 side and a second Al—Ti— layer formed on the Al layer 513A side. Si layer 516B. That is, the Ti layer 515, the first Al—Ti—Si layer 516A, and the second Al—Ti—Si layer 516B are formed at the junction between the Al layer 513A and the Cu layer 513B.
- the first Al—Ti—Si layer 516A and the second Al—Ti—Si layer 516B are composed of an Al—Ti—Si phase in which Si is dissolved in Al 3 Ti, and the second Al—Ti—Si layer 516B.
- the Si concentration is lower than the Si concentration of the first Al—Ti—Si layer 516A.
- Si contained in the first Al—Ti—Si layer 516A and the second Al—Ti—Si layer 516B is composed of Si contained in the 2N—Al rolled plate as an impurity. It is diffused and concentrated in the Si layer 516.
- the Si concentration of the first Al—Ti—Si layer 516A is 10 at% or more and 30 at% or less, and in this embodiment, it is 20 at%.
- the Si concentration of the second Al—Ti—Si layer 516B is 1 at% or more and 10 at% or less, and is 3 at% in this embodiment.
- the semiconductor element 3 is made of a semiconductor material such as Si.
- the semiconductor element 3 and the circuit layer 512 are joined via the solder layer 2.
- the solder layer 2 is made of, for example, Sn—Ag, Sn—Cu, Sn—In, or Sn—Ag—Cu based solder material (so-called lead-free solder material). The element 3 is joined.
- the heat sink 531 is for dissipating heat on the power module substrate 510 side.
- the heat sink 531 is made of copper or a copper alloy, and is made of oxygen-free copper in this embodiment.
- the heat sink 531 is provided with a flow path 532 through which a cooling fluid flows. Similar to the solder layer 2, the solder layer 535 is, for example, a Sn—Ag, Sn—Cu, Sn—In, or Sn—Ag—Cu solder material (so-called lead-free solder material).
- the power module substrate 510 and the heat sink 531 are joined together.
- an aluminum plate 522 to be the circuit layer 512 is laminated on the first surface of the ceramic substrate 511.
- an aluminum plate 523A to be an Al layer 513A is laminated on the second surface of the ceramic substrate 511, and a copper plate 523B to be a Cu layer 513B is further laminated thereon (aluminum plate and copper plate).
- Lamination process S501 the aluminum plates 522 and 523A and the ceramic substrate 511 are laminated with an Al—Si brazing material foil 526 interposed therebetween.
- circuit layer 512 and the Al layer 513A are formed by heating in a vacuum heating furnace under pressure in the stacking direction (pressure 1 to 35 kgf / cm 2 ), and the Al layer 513A and the titanium foil 525 are formed. Then, the copper plate 523B and the titanium foil 525 are solid phase diffusion bonded to form the circuit layer 512 and the metal layer 513 (circuit layer and metal layer forming step S502).
- the pressure in the vacuum heating furnace is set in the range of 10 ⁇ 6 Pa to 10 ⁇ 3 Pa
- the heating temperature is set to 600 ° C. to 643 ° C.
- the holding time is set in the range of 30 minutes to 180 minutes. It is preferable.
- a more preferable heating temperature is in the range of 630 ° C. or more and 643 ° C. or less.
- a pressure of 12 kgf / cm 2 was applied in the stacking direction, and the heating temperature was 640 ° C. and the holding time was 60 minutes.
- the surfaces to which the aluminum plate 523A, the titanium foil 525, and the copper plate 523B are bonded are solid-phase diffusion bonded after the scratches on the surfaces have been removed and smoothed in advance.
- the power module substrate 510 according to this embodiment is manufactured.
- a heat sink 531 is laminated on the metal layer 513 of the power module substrate 510 via a solder material, and solder-bonded in a reduction furnace (heat sink bonding step S503).
- the power module substrate 530 with a heat sink according to the present embodiment is manufactured.
- the semiconductor element 3 is stacked on one surface (front surface) of the circuit layer 512 via a solder material, and solder-bonded in a reduction furnace (semiconductor element bonding step S504).
- the power module with heat sink 501 is manufactured.
- the metal layer 513 includes the Al layer 513A and the Cu layer 513B.
- a Ti layer 515 and an Al—Ti—Si layer 516 are formed, and no hard Al—Ti—Cu layer or Al—Ti layer is formed. It is possible to suppress the occurrence of cracks in the metal layer 513 when loaded. Therefore, the bonding reliability between the power module substrate 510 and the heat sink 531 can be improved.
- the Si concentration of the first Al—Ti—Si layer 516A formed on the Ti layer 515 side is higher than the Si concentration of the second Al—Ti—Si layer 516B formed on the Al layer 513A side.
- the first Al—Ti—Si layer 516A having a high concentration prevents Ti atoms from diffusing toward the Al layer 513A, and the thickness of the Al—Ti—Si layer 516 can be reduced. Further, by reducing the thickness of the Al—Ti—Si layer 516 in this way, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of cracks at the joint between the Al layer 513A and the Cu layer 513B when a heat cycle is applied. Become.
- the Si concentration contained in the second Al—Ti—Si layer 516B formed on the Al layer 513A side is 1 at% or more and 10 at% or less, Al atoms diffuse excessively on the Ti layer 515 side. Is suppressed, and the thickness of the second Al—Ti—Si layer 516B can be reduced. Further, since the Si concentration contained in the first Al—Ti—Si layer 516A formed on the Ti layer 515 side is 10 at% or more and 30 at% or less, Ti atoms diffuse excessively on the Al layer 513A side. Therefore, the thickness of the first Al—Ti—Si layer 516A can be reduced.
- the aluminum plate 523A, the titanium foil 525, the copper plate 523B, and the aluminum plate 522 are joined to the first surface and the second surface of the ceramic substrate 511 at one time.
- the manufacturing process can be simplified and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- the Al layer 513A having a relatively small deformation resistance is formed on the second surface of the ceramic substrate 511, the Al layer 513A absorbs the thermal stress generated when the heat cycle is loaded, and the ceramic substrate 511 receives the heat stress. It can suppress that a crack generate
- the Cu layer 513B having a relatively large deformation resistance is formed on the surface of the Al layer 513A opposite to the surface on which the ceramic substrate 511 is formed, the metal layer 513 is subjected to a heat cycle. Therefore, the deformation of the solder layer 535 that joins the metal layer 513 and the heat sink 531 can be suppressed, and the joining reliability can be improved.
- the Al layer 513A (aluminum plate 523A) and the titanium foil 525, and the solid phase diffusion bonding of the copper plate 523B and the titanium foil 525 are applied with a pressure of 1 to 35 kgf / cm 2 in the stacking direction.
- the temperature is maintained at 600 ° C. or higher and 643 ° C. or lower, so that Ti atoms are diffused in the Al layer 513A and the copper plate 523B, and Al atoms and Cu atoms are solid-phased in the titanium foil 525.
- the Al layer 513A, the titanium foil 525, and the copper plate 523B can be reliably bonded by diffusing and solid phase diffusion bonding.
- the pressure applied in the stacking direction during solid phase diffusion bonding is less than 1 kgf / cm 2, it becomes difficult to sufficiently bond the Al layer 513A, the titanium foil 525, and the copper plate 523B, resulting in a gap at the bonding interface. There is. If it exceeds 35 kgf / cm 2 , the ceramic substrate 511 may be cracked because the applied load is too high. For these reasons, the pressure applied during solid phase diffusion bonding is set in the above range.
- the preferable temperature range of solid phase diffusion bonding is set to the above range.
- gaps may be generated during solid phase diffusion bonding.
- the aluminum plate 523A, the copper plate 523B, and the titanium foil 525 Since the surfaces to be joined are solid phase diffusion bonded after the scratches on the surfaces have been removed and smoothed in advance, it is possible to perform bonding while suppressing the formation of gaps at the respective bonding interfaces. .
- the thickness of the Ni layer is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less. If the thickness of the Ni layer is less than 1 ⁇ m, the effect of improving the reliability of bonding with the semiconductor element may be lost. If the thickness exceeds 30 ⁇ m, the Ni layer becomes a thermal resistor and efficiently heats the heat sink. May not be able to communicate.
- the Ni layer is formed by solid phase diffusion bonding, the solid phase diffusion bonding can be formed under the same conditions as when the Cu layer is formed in the first embodiment.
- the thickness of the Ag layer is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less. If the thickness of the Ag layer is less than 1 ⁇ m, the effect of improving the reliability of bonding with the semiconductor element may be lost. Invite. Further, when forming the Ag layer by solid phase diffusion bonding, the solid phase diffusion bonding can be formed under the same conditions as in the case of forming the Cu layer in the first embodiment.
- the circuit layer 612 includes an Al layer 612A formed on the first surface (the upper surface in FIG. 18) of the ceramic substrate 511, and one surface of the Al layer 612A.
- a Cu layer 612B that is solid-phase diffusion bonded via a Ti layer 615 (on the upper surface in FIG. 18) may be provided.
- the thermal stress generated in the ceramic substrate 511 is absorbed by the Al layer 612A when a heat cycle is applied, and cracking of the ceramic substrate 511 is suppressed. it can. Further, since the Cu layer 612B is formed on the upper side of the Al layer 612A, the heat from the semiconductor element 3 side can be spread and efficiently dissipated to the heat sink 531 side.
- an aluminum plate 422A (723A) made of 4N aluminum, Al— Si-type brazing material foil 426 (726), titanium foil 425 (725), and copper plate 422B (723B) are laminated in this order, and solid phase diffusion bonding is performed, so that the first Al is formed in the same manner as the power module substrate 10 (510).
- the —Ti—Si layer and the second Al—Ti—Si layer can be formed, and the occurrence of cracks in the circuit layer or the metal layer when a heat cycle is applied can be suppressed.
- the present invention is not limited to this and may be joined by other methods.
- it may be joined by the above-described silver oxide paste, or may be joined by a brazing material foil.
- a circuit layer was comprised with aluminum or aluminum alloy
- You may be comprised with copper or a copper alloy.
- the circuit layer may be a part of a lead frame made of copper or a copper alloy.
- the heat sink was comprised with copper or copper alloy was demonstrated, it is not limited to this, A heat sink may be comprised with aluminum or aluminum alloy.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a transient liquid phase bonding method Transient Liquid Phase Bonding
- an aluminum plate serving as an Al layer is laminated on the first surface or the second surface of the ceramic substrate via an Al—Si brazing material foil, and a titanium foil is further formed thereon.
- a joined body (or a metal layer) was formed by laminating a copper plate serving as a Cu layer through the pressure and heating with pressure, but a clad material made of Ti / Cu can be used instead of the titanium foil and the copper plate. Further, a clad material composed of three layers of Al / Ti / Cu can be used instead of the aluminum plate, the titanium foil, and the copper plate.
- a clad material made of Ti / Ni or a clad material made of Al / Ti / Ni can be used.
- an Ag layer is formed instead of the Cu layer, a clad material made of Ti / Ag or a clad material made of Al / Ti / Ag can be used.
- an oxygen-free copper is formed on one surface of an aluminum member (10 mm ⁇ 10 mm, thickness 0.6 mm) made of an aluminum plate having a purity of 99.99% or more with a titanium foil interposed.
- a metal member (2 mm ⁇ 2 mm, thickness 0.3 mm) made of the above plate was laminated and solid phase diffusion bonded under the conditions shown in Table 1 in the same manner as the bonded body of Example 1-1 of the present invention. A cross-sectional observation and a shear test of the joined body were performed on the joined body thus obtained.
- FIG. 11 shows the cross-sectional observation result (SEM image) of Inventive Example 1-1
- FIG. 12 shows the cross-sectional observation result (SEM image) of Comparative Example 1-1
- Table 1 shows the presence / absence of the Al—Ti—Si layer and the measurement result of the shear test of the joined body. Those in which the Al—Ti—Si layer was confirmed by the above-described method were described as “Yes” in the table, and those that could not be confirmed were described as “None”.
- Inventive Example 1-1 As shown in FIG. 11, an Al—Ti—Si layer was confirmed between the Ti layer and the Al layer (aluminum member). It was confirmed that the Al—Ti—Si layer was thin. It was also confirmed that such an Al—Ti—Si layer was formed in Examples 1-2 to 1-7 of the present invention. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1-1, an Al—Ti layer was formed between the Ti layer and the Al layer, and no Al—Ti—Si layer was confirmed. As shown in FIG. 12, the Al—Ti layer of Comparative Example 1-1 is formed thicker than the Al—Ti—Si layers of Invention Examples 1-1 to 1-7. Cracks were observed at the interface.
- Example 2 The power modules of Invention Examples 2-1 to 2-7 were manufactured as follows. On one surface of the ceramic substrate, a 2N aluminum plate (thickness 0.6 mm) containing 0.25% by mass of Si serving as an Al layer is laminated, and a metal member described in Table 2 is further formed on the ceramic substrate via a titanium foil. Laminate plates made of In addition, a 4N aluminum plate (thickness: 0.6 mm) having a purity of 99.99% or more to be a metal layer is laminated on the second surface of the ceramic substrate. Here, the aluminum plate and the ceramic substrate were laminated via an Al—Si brazing material foil.
- heat treatment is performed under the conditions shown in Table 2 to form an Al layer and a metal layer on the first and second surfaces of the ceramic substrate, and a plate made of the Al layer, titanium foil, and metal member is solid-phased.
- a circuit layer was formed by diffusion bonding.
- the semiconductor element was joined to one side of the circuit layer via the solder material.
- the power module of Comparative Example 2-1 was manufactured in the same manner as the power module of Example 2-1 of the present invention except that 4N aluminum having a purity of 99.99% or more was used as the Al layer.
- the heat treatment was performed under the conditions shown in Table 2.
- the presence or absence of the Al—Si—Ti layer was confirmed in the joint portion between the Al layer and the metal member layer in the circuit layer of the power module thus manufactured.
- the case where the Al—Ti—Si layer was confirmed by the same method as in Example 1 was indicated as “Yes” in the table, and the case where the Al—Ti—Si layer was not confirmed was indicated as “None”.
- the heat cycle test was done with respect to the power module, and the joining rate of the joined part between the Al layer and the metal member layer after the test was measured. Moreover, the initial joining rate (joining rate before a heat cycle test) of the junction part of Al layer and a metal member layer was also measured.
- the heat cycle test and the measurement of the bonding rate were performed as follows.
- Heat cycle test The heat cycle test is performed by loading the power module with a heat cycle that repeats ⁇ 40 ° C. and 125 ° C. In this example, this heat cycle was performed 4000 times. The bonding rate at the interface between the Al layer and the metal member layer before and after the heat cycle test was measured.
- the initial bonding area is the area to be bonded before bonding, that is, the area of the Al layer. Since peeling is indicated by a white part in the ultrasonic flaw detection image, the area of the white part is defined as a peeling area.
- Bonding rate (%) ⁇ (initial bonding area) ⁇ (peeling area) ⁇ / (initial bonding area) ⁇ 100 The results of the above evaluation are shown in Table 2.
- the power modules with heat sinks of Invention Examples 3-1 to 3-5 were manufactured as follows. First, an Al (2N—Al) plate having a purity of 99% or more to be a circuit layer is laminated on one surface of the ceramic substrate shown in Table 3. On the second surface of the ceramic substrate, an aluminum plate (containing Si of 0.25% by mass) with a purity of 99% or more to be an Al layer is laminated, and a copper plate of oxygen-free copper is laminated through a titanium foil. To do. Here, the aluminum plate and the ceramic substrate were laminated via an Al—Si brazing material foil.
- heat treatment is performed under the conditions shown in Table 3 to form a circuit layer and an Al layer on the first and second surfaces of the ceramic substrate, and solid phase diffusion bonding of the Al layer, titanium foil, and copper plate is performed.
- a metal layer was formed.
- the metal layer of the power module substrate and the heat sink shown in Table 3 were joined using an Sn—Sb solder material.
- a semiconductor element was bonded to one surface of the circuit layer via an Sn—Sb solder material.
- a 2N aluminum plate containing 0.25% by mass of Si to be an Al layer is laminated on one surface of the ceramic substrate, and a metal plate constituting the metal member layer described in Table 3 is further formed on the ceramic substrate via a titanium foil. Laminate. Further, on the second surface of the ceramic substrate, an aluminum plate (containing Si of 0.25% by mass) having a purity of 99% or more, which becomes an Al layer, is laminated, and the metal member layer described in Table 3 through a titanium foil. The metal plate which comprises is laminated
- the power module with heat sink of Comparative Example 1 was manufactured in the same manner as the power module with heat sink of Inventive Example 3-1, except that aluminum (4N aluminum) having a purity of 99.99% or more was used as the Al layer.
- the heat treatment was performed under the conditions shown in Table 3.
- the cross section was observed at the joint between the Al layer and the metal member layer in the metal layer of the power module with a heat sink manufactured as described above, and the presence or absence of the Al—Ti—Si layer was confirmed.
- the thermal cycle test (heat cycle test) was performed with respect to the power module with a heat sink, and the joining rate of the ceramic substrate and metal layer after a test was evaluated.
- the cross-sectional observation, the thermal cycle test (heat cycle test), and the evaluation of the joining rate were as described in Example 1 and Example 2. However, the number of heat cycles was set to 3000, and the joining rate was evaluated for the power module with a heat sink after the thermal cycle test (heat cycle test), and the joining rate of the joined portion between the Al layer and the metal member layer was evaluated. did.
- the results of the above evaluation are shown in Table 3.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2013年3月14日に、日本に出願された特願2013-052408号及び特願2013-052409号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
風力発電、電気自動車等の電気車両などを制御するために用いられる大電力制御用のパワー半導体素子においては、発熱量が多いことから、これを搭載する基板としては、例えばAlN(窒化アルミニウム)などからなるセラミックス基板(絶縁層)の一方の面、又は両方の面に導電性の優れた金属板を接合した場合、一方の面の金属板を回路層とし、他方の面の金属板を金属層としたパワーモジュール用基板が、従来から広く用いられている。
そこで、従来では、例えば特許文献2に開示されているように、回路層や金属層、ヒートシンクの表面に無電解めっき等によってNiめっき膜を形成した上で、はんだ材で接合している。
また、特許文献3には、はんだ材の代替として、酸化銀粒子と有機物からなる還元剤とを含む酸化銀ペーストを用いて半導体素子、金属層及びヒートシンクなどを接合する技術が提案されている。
なお、特許文献4に記載されたパワーモジュールにおいては、回路層及び金属層として、Al層とCu層とがTi層を介して接合された接合体が用いられている。ここで、Al層とTi層との間には、拡散層が形成されており、この拡散層は、Al層側から順に、Al-Ti層、Al-Ti-Si層、Al-Ti-Cu層と、を有している。
さらには、Al層上にTi箔を介してCu板等を積層し、Al層とTi箔との界面が溶融する温度にまで加熱する場合、接合界面に液相が生じてコブが生じたり、厚さが変動したりするため、接合信頼性が低下する問題があった。
しかしながら、特許文献4に記載された方法で、Ni層やAg層を形成すると、Cu層を形成した場合と同様に、Al層とTi層との接合界面に、Al-Ti層、Al-Ti-Ni層、Al-Ti-Ag層等の硬い層が形成されたり、接合界面にコブが生じたりすること等によって、接合信頼性が低下するおそれがあった。
以上のように、従来は、アルミニウム部材と、銅、ニッケル、銀のいずれかからなる金属部材とを良好に接合することができず、接合信頼性に優れた接合体を得ることはできなかった。また、従来は、Al層と、Cu、Ni、Agのいずれかからなる金属部材層とを良好に接合することができず、接合信頼性に優れた金属層を有するパワーモジュール用基板を得ることはできなかった。
また、Al層と、銅、ニッケル、銀のいずれかからなる金属部材層とを有する金属層において、Al層と金属部材層とが良好に接合され、ヒートサイクルが負荷された際に接合部におけるクラックの発生を抑制でき、接合信頼性が良好なパワーモジュール用基板、及びヒートシンク付パワーモジュール用基板を提供することを目的とする。
さらに、Ti層側に形成された第一Al-Ti-Si層が、アルミニウム部材側に形成された第二Al-Ti-Si層のSi濃度よりも高いので、Si濃度が高い第一Al-Ti-Si層によってTi原子がアルミニウム部材側に拡散することが抑制され、第一Al-Ti-Si層及び第二Al-Ti-Si層の厚さを薄くすることができ、ヒートサイクルが負荷された際に、接合部にクラックが発生することを抑制可能となる。
なお、本発明において、アルミニウムは純アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金で構成されたものとし、金属部材は、銅又は銅合金、ニッケル又はニッケル合金、もしくは銀又は銀合金で構成されたものとしている。
この場合、アルミニウム部材側に形成された第二Al-Ti-Si層が十分なSi濃度を有しているので、アルミニウム部材を構成するAl原子がTi層側に過剰に拡散することが抑制され、第一Al-Ti-Si層、及び第二Al-Ti-Si層の厚さを薄くすることができる。
さらに、Ti層側に形成された第一Al-Ti-Si層のSi濃度が、Al層側に形成された第二Al-Ti-Si層のSi濃度よりも高いので、Ti原子がAl層側に拡散することが抑制され、第一Al-Ti-Si層、及び第二Al-Ti-Si層の厚さを薄くすることができる。
さらに、Al層の一方の面に銅又は銅合金からなるCu層が形成されている場合、Cu層はAl層に比べて変形抵抗が大きいことから、ヒートサイクルが負荷された際に回路層の変形が抑制され、半導体素子と回路層を接合するはんだ層の変形を抑制し、接合信頼性を向上できる。また、熱伝導率の良好なCu層が回路層の一方側に形成されているので、半導体素子からの熱を拡げて効率的にパワーモジュール用基板側に伝達することができる。
また、Al層の一方の面にニッケル又はニッケル合金からなるNi層が形成されている場合、はんだ付け性が良好となり、半導体素子との接合信頼性が向上する。
また、Al層の一方の面に銀又は銀合金からなるAg層が形成されている場合、例えば酸化銀粒子と有機物からなる還元剤とを含む酸化銀ペーストを用いて半導体素子を接合する際に、酸化銀が還元された銀とAg層とが同種の金属同士の接合となるため、接合信頼性を向上させることができる。また、熱伝導率の良好なAg層が回路層の一方側に形成されているので、半導体素子からの熱を拡げて効率的にパワーモジュール用基板側に伝達することができる。
なお、本発明において、アルミニウムは純アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金で構成されたものとし、銅は純銅又は銅合金、ニッケルは純ニッケル又はニッケル合金、銀は純銀又は銀合金で構成されたものとしている。
さらに、Ti層側に形成された第一Al-Ti-Si層のSi濃度が、Al層側に形成された第二Al-Ti-Si層のSi濃度よりも高いので、Ti原子がAl層側に拡散することが抑制され、第一Al-Ti-Si層、及び第二Al-Ti-Si層の厚さを薄くすることができる。
さらに、Al層のうち絶縁層が形成された面と反対側の面に、銅又は銅合金からなるCu層が形成されている場合、Cu層はAl層に比べて変形抵抗が大きいことから、ヒートサイクルが負荷された際に金属層の変形が抑制され、ヒートシンクと金属層を接合する接合層の変形を抑制し、接合信頼性を向上できる。
また、Al層のうち絶縁層が形成された面と反対側の面に、ニッケル又はニッケル合金からなるNi層が形成されている場合、はんだ付け性が良好となり、ヒートシンクとの接合信頼性が向上する。
また、Al層のうち絶縁層が形成された面と反対側の面に、銀又は銀合金からなるAg層が形成されている場合、例えば酸化銀粒子と有機物からなる還元剤とを含む酸化銀ペーストを用いてヒートシンクを接合する際に、酸化銀が還元された銀とAg層とが同種の金属同士の接合となるため、接合信頼性を向上させることができる。
上記のヒートシンク付パワーモジュール用基板によれば、パワーモジュール用基板とヒートシンクとが接合されているので、ヒートシンクを介してパワーモジュール用基板側からの熱を効率的に放散することができる。
この場合、金属層のうちヒートシンク側に形成された銅、ニッケル、又は銀からなる金属部材層と、ヒートシンクとがはんだ層を介して接合されているので、金属部材層とはんだ層を良好に接合することができ、金属層とヒートシンクとの接合信頼性を向上させることができる。
以下に、本発明の実施形態について、添付した図面を参照して説明する。まず、本発明の第一実施形態について説明する。
図1に、本発明の第一実施形態に係るパワーモジュール1を示す。
このパワーモジュール1は、パワーモジュール用基板10と、このパワーモジュール用基板10の一方の面(図1において上面)にはんだ層2を介して接合された半導体素子3と、を備えている。
Al層12Aは、セラミックス基板11の第一の面に、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム板(アルミニウム部材)が接合されることにより形成されている。本実施形態においては、Al層12Aは、純度99質量%以上のアルミニウム(いわゆる2Nアルミニウム)の圧延板を接合することで形成されている。前記純度99質量%以上のアルミニウムの圧延板には、0.08質量%以上0.95質量%以下のSiが含有されているとよい。なお、接合されるアルミニウム板の厚さは0.1mm以上1.0mm以下の範囲内に設定されており、本実施形態では、0.4mmに設定されている。
そして、Al層12AとTi層15との接合界面には、図2に示すように、Al3TiにSiが固溶したAl-Ti-Si層16が形成されている。
このAl-Ti-Si層16は、図2に示すように、Ti層15側に形成された第一Al-Ti-Si層16Aと、Al層12A側に形成された第二Al-Ti-Si層16Bとを備えている。すなわち、Al層12AとCu層12Bとの接合部には、Ti層15と、第一Al-Ti-Si層16Aと、第二Al-Ti-Si層16Bとが形成されているのである。
第一Al-Ti-Si層16AのSi濃度は、10at%以上30at%以下とされており、本実施形態では20at%とされている。第二Al-Ti-Si層16BのSi濃度は、1at%以上10at%以下とされており、本実施形態では3at%とされている。
はんだ層2は、例えばSn-Ag系、Sn-Cu系、Sn-In系、若しくはSn-Ag-Cu系のはんだ材(いわゆる鉛フリーはんだ材)とされており、パワーモジュール用基板10と半導体素子3とを接合するものである。
まず、図4に示すように、セラミックス基板11の第一の面に、Al層12Aとなるアルミニウム板22Aを積層し、さらにその上にチタン箔25を介してCu層12Bとなる銅板22Bを積層する。一方、セラミックス基板11の第二の面には、金属層13となるアルミニウム板23を積層する(アルミニウム板及び銅板積層工程S01)。ここで、本実施形態においては、アルミニウム板22A、23とセラミックス基板11との間には、Al-Si系のろう材箔26を介して積層した。
なお、アルミニウム板22A、チタン箔25、及び銅板22Bの接合されるそれぞれの面は、予め当該面の傷が除去されて平滑にされた後に、固相拡散接合されている。
上記のようにして、本実施形態であるパワーモジュール用基板10が製造される。
上記のようにして、本実施形態であるパワーモジュール1が製造される。
さらには、Ti層15側に形成された第一Al-Ti-Si層16Aに含まれるSi濃度が10at%以上30at%以下とされているので、Ti原子がAl層12A側に過剰に拡散することが抑制され、第一Al-Ti-Si層16Aの厚さを薄くすることができる。
さらに、Al層12Aの一方の面には、比較的変形抵抗の大きいCu層12Bが形成されているので、ヒートサイクルが負荷された際に回路層12の変形が抑制され、半導体素子3と回路層12を接合するはんだ層2の変形を抑制し、接合信頼性を向上できる。
また、熱伝導率の良好なCu層12Bが回路層12の一方側に形成されているので、半導体素子3からの熱を拡げて効率的にパワーモジュール用基板10側に伝達することができる。
次に、本発明の第二実施形態について説明する。なお、第一実施形態と同一の構成のものについては、同一の符号を付して記載し、詳細な説明を省略する。
ヒートシンク付パワーモジュール用基板230は、パワーモジュール用基板210と、このパワーモジュール用基板210の下側にTi層215を介して積層されたヒートシンク231(金属部材)と、を備えている。
そして、これら金属層213とヒートシンク231とが、Ti層215を介して接合されている。
そして、金属層213とTi層215との接合界面には、図6に示すように、Al3TiにSiが固溶したAl-Ti-Si層216が形成されている。
第一Al-Ti-Si層216AのSi濃度は、10at%以上30at%以下とされており、本実施形態では20at%とされている。第二Al-Ti-Si層216BのSi濃度は、1at%以上10at%以下とされており、本実施形態では3at%とされている。
なお、アルミニウム板223、チタン箔225、及びヒートシンク231の接合されるそれぞれの面は、予め当該面の傷が除去されて平滑にされた後に、固相拡散接合されている。
上記のようにして、本実施形態であるヒートシンク付パワーモジュール用基板230及びパワーモジュール用基板210が製造される。
上記のようにして、本実施形態であるヒートシンク付パワーモジュール201が製造される。
また、第一実施形態において、金属層がアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金で構成される場合について説明したが、これに限定されることはなく、銅や銅合金で構成されても良い。
また、第二実施形態において、金属層がアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金で構成され、ヒートシンクが銅又は銅合金で構成される場合について説明したが、これに限定されることはなく、金属層が銅又は銅合金で構成され、ヒートシンクがアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金で構成されても良い。
図13に、本発明の第五実施形態に係るヒートシンク付パワーモジュール501を示す。
ヒートシンク付パワーモジュール501は、ヒートシンク付パワーモジュール用基板530と、このヒートシンク付パワーモジュール用基板530の一方の面(図13において上面)にはんだ層2を介して接合された半導体素子3と、を備えている。
ヒートシンク付パワーモジュール用基板530は、パワーモジュール用基板510と、パワーモジュール用基板510の下側にはんだ層535を介して接合されたヒートシンク531と、を備えている。
Al層513Aは、セラミックス基板511の第二の面に、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるアルミニウム板が接合されることにより形成されている。本実施形態においては、Al層513Aは、純度99質量%以上のアルミニウム(いわゆる2Nアルミニウム)の圧延板を接合することで形成されている。前記純度99質量%以上のアルミニウムの圧延板には、0.08質量%以上0.95質量%以下のSiが含有されているとよい。なお、接合されるアルミニウム板の厚さは0.1mm以上3.0mm以下の範囲内に設定されており、本実施形態では、0.6mmに設定されている。
なお、接合される銅板の厚さは0.1mm以上6.0mm以下の範囲内に設定されており、本実施形態では、0.3mmに設定されている。
そして、Al層513AとTi層515との接合界面には、図15に示すように、Al3TiにSiが固溶したAl-Ti-Si層516が形成されている。
このAl-Ti-Si層516は、図15に示すように、Ti層515側に形成された第一Al-Ti-Si層516Aと、Al層513A側に形成された第二Al-Ti-Si層516Bとを備えている。すなわち、Al層513AとCu層513Bとの接合部には、Ti層515と、第一Al-Ti-Si層516Aと、第二Al-Ti-Si層516Bとが形成されているのである。
第一Al-Ti-Si層516AのSi濃度は、10at%以上30at%以下とされており、本実施形態では20at%とされている。第二Al-Ti-Si層516BのSi濃度は、1at%以上10at%以下とされており、本実施形態では3at%とされている。
はんだ層2は、例えばSn-Ag系、Sn-Cu系、Sn-In系、若しくはSn-Ag-Cu系のはんだ材(いわゆる鉛フリーはんだ材)とされており、パワーモジュール用基板510と半導体素子3とを接合するものである。
はんだ層535は、はんだ層2と同様に、例えばSn-Ag系、Sn-Cu系、Sn-In系、若しくはSn-Ag-Cu系のはんだ材(いわゆる鉛フリーはんだ材)とされており、パワーモジュール用基板510とヒートシンク531とを接合するものである。
まず、図17に示すように、セラミックス基板511の第一の面に、回路層512となるアルミニウム板522を積層する。一方、セラミックス基板511の第二の面には、Al層513Aとなるアルミニウム板523Aを積層し、さらにその上にチタン箔525を介してCu層513Bとなる銅板523Bを積層する(アルミニウム板及び銅板積層工程S501)。ここで、本実施形態においては、アルミニウム板522、523Aとセラミックス基板511との間には、Al-Si系のろう材箔526を介して積層した。
なお、アルミニウム板523A、チタン箔525、及び銅板523Bの接合されるそれぞれの面は、予め当該面の傷が除去されて平滑にされた後に、固相拡散接合されている。
上記のようにして、本実施形態であるパワーモジュール用基板510が製造される。
このようにして、本実施形態であるヒートシンク付パワーモジュール用基板530が製造される。
次いで、回路層512の一方の面(表面)に、はんだ材を介して半導体素子3を積層し、還元炉内においてはんだ接合する(半導体素子接合工程S504)。
上記のようにして、本実施形態であるヒートシンク付パワーモジュール501が製造される。
さらには、Ti層515側に形成された第一Al-Ti-Si層516Aに含まれるSi濃度が10at%以上30at%以下とされているので、Ti原子がAl層513A側に過剰に拡散することが抑制され、第一Al-Ti-Si層516Aの厚さを薄くすることができる。
さらに、Al層513Aのうちセラミックス基板511が形成された面と反対側の面には、比較的変形抵抗の大きいCu層513Bが形成されているので、ヒートサイクルが負荷された際に金属層513の変形が抑制され、金属層513とヒートシンク531とを接合するはんだ層535の変形を抑制し、接合信頼性を向上できる。
また、固相拡散接合によってNi層を形成する場合、固相拡散接合は、前記第一実施形態においてCu層を形成した場合と同様の条件で形成することができる。
また、固相拡散接合によってAg層を形成する場合、固相拡散接合は、前記第一実施形態においてCu層を形成した場合と同様の条件で形成することができる。
また、ヒートシンクが銅又は銅合金で構成される場合について説明したが、これに限定されることはなく、ヒートシンクがアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金で構成されても良い。
また、Cu層に代えてNi層を形成する場合、Ti/Niからなるクラッド材やAl/Ti/Niからなるクラッド材を用いることができる。
さらに、Cu層に代えてAg層を形成する場合、Ti/Agからなるクラッド材やAl/Ti/Agからなるクラッド材を用いることができる。
以下に、本発明の効果を確認すべく行った確認実験の結果について説明する。
本発明例1-1~1-7の接合体として、表1に示すように、Siを0.25質量%含有する2Nアルミニウム板からなるアルミニウム部材(10mm×10mm、厚さ0.6mm)の一方の面に、チタン箔を介して表1記載の金属部材からなる板(2mm×2mm、厚さ0.3mm)を積層し、上述の実施形態に記載した方法によって表1に示す条件で固相拡散接合した。
このようにして得られた接合体に対して、接合体の断面観察、及びシェアテストを実施した。
接合体の断面をクロスセクションポリッシャ(日本電子株式会社製SM-09010)を用いて、イオン加速電圧:5kV、加工時間:14時間、遮蔽板からの突出量:100μmでイオンエッチングした後に、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を用いてAl層(アルミニウム部材)と金属部材層(金属部材)との接合部の観察を行った。また、EPMA分析装置を用いて、接合部の組成分析を行い、Ti層とAl層との間の接合界面(図11、12において、Ti層とアルミニウム部材との間の界面)に、Al3TiにSiが固溶したAl-Ti-Si層が形成されているかどうかを確認した。
接合体にシェアテストを実施し、シェア強度(せん断強度)を測定した。なお、シェアテストは、国際電気標準会議の規格IEC 60749-19に準拠して実施した。
上述の方法によりAl-Ti-Si層が確認できたものを表では「有」とし、確認できなかったものを「無」と記載した。
一方、比較例1-1では、Ti層とAl層との間に、Al-Ti層が形成されており、Al-Ti-Si層は確認されなかった。図12に示すように、比較例1-1のAl-Ti層の厚さは、本発明例1-1~1-7のAl-Ti-Si層と比べて厚く形成されており、その接合界面にクラックが観察された。
また、Al-Ti-Si層が確認されなかった比較例1-1では、シェア強度は28MPaであったのに対し、Al-Ti-Si層が確認された本発明例1-1~1-7ではシェア強度が79MPa以上と大幅に高いことが確認された。
本発明例2-1~2-7のパワーモジュールを次のようにして製造した。セラミックス基板の一方の面に、Al層となるSiを0.25質量%含有する2Nアルミニウム板(厚さ0.6mm)を積層し、さらにその上にチタン箔を介して表2記載の金属部材からなる板を積層する。また、セラミックス基板の第二の面には、金属層となる純度99.99%以上の4Nアルミニウム板(厚さ0.6mm)を積層する。ここで、アルミニウム板とセラミックス基板との間には、Al-Si系のろう材箔を介して積層した。次いで、表2に示す条件で加熱処理を行い、セラミックス基板の第一の面及び第二の面にAl層及び金属層を形成するとともに、Al層、チタン箔、金属部材からなる板を固相拡散接合して回路層を形成した。そして、回路層の一方の面にはんだ材を介して半導体素子を接合した。
なお、加熱処理は、表2に示す条件で実施した。
このようにして製造されたパワーモジュールの回路層におけるAl層と金属部材層との接合部において、実施例1と同様にして、Al-Si-Ti層の有無を確認した。実施例1と同様の方法によりAl-Ti-Si層が確認できたものを表では「有」とし、確認できなかったものを「無」と記載した。さらに、パワーモジュールに対して、ヒートサイクル試験を行い、試験後のAl層と金属部材層との接合部の接合率を測定した。また、Al層と金属部材層との接合部の初期の接合率(ヒートサイクル試験前の接合率)も測定した。ヒートサイクル試験と接合率の測定は、以下のようにして行った。
ヒートサイクル試験は、パワーモジュールに対して、-40℃と125℃とを繰り返すヒートサイクルを負荷することにより行う。本実施例では、このヒートサイクルを4000回実施した。
このヒートサイクル試験前後における、Al層と金属部材層との界面における接合率を測定した。
ヒートサイクル試験前後のパワーモジュールに対して、Al層と金属部材層との接合部の接合率について超音波探傷装置を用いて評価し、以下の式から算出した。ここで、初期接合面積とは、接合前における接合すべき面積、すなわちAl層の面積とした。超音波探傷像において剥離は白色部で示されることから、この白色部の面積を剥離面積とした。
(接合率(%))={(初期接合面積)-(剥離面積)}/(初期接合面積)×100
以上の評価の結果を表2に示す。
一方、Al-Ti-Si層が確認された本発明例2-1~2-7では初期接合率は97.8%以上と高く、ヒートサイクル試験後の接合率も高いままであり、接合信頼性の高いパワーモジュールであることが確認された。
以下に、本発明の効果を確認すべく行った確認実験の結果について説明する。
本発明例3-1~3-5のヒートシンク付パワーモジュールを次のようにして製造した。まず、表3に示すセラミックス基板の一方の面に、回路層となる純度99%以上のAl(2N-Al)板を積層する。また、セラミックス基板の第二の面には、Al層となる純度99%以上のアルミニウム板(Siを0.25質量%含有)を積層し、さらにチタン箔を介して無酸素銅の銅板を積層する。ここで、アルミニウム板とセラミックス基板との間には、Al-Si系のろう材箔を介して積層した。次いで、表3に示す条件で加熱処理を行い、セラミックス基板の第一の面及び第二の面に回路層及びAl層を形成するとともに、Al層、チタン箔、銅板を固相拡散接合して金属層を形成した。そして、パワーモジュール用基板の金属層と表3に示すヒートシンクとをSn-Sb系のはんだ材を用いて接合した。また、回路層の一方の面に、Sn-Sb系のはんだ材を介して半導体素子を接合した。
そして、パワーモジュール用基板の金属層と表3に示すヒートシンクとをSn-Sb系のはんだ材を用いて接合した。また、回路層の一方の面に、Sn-Sb系のはんだ材を介して半導体素子を接合した。
また、ヒートシンク付パワーモジュールに対して、冷熱サイクル試験(ヒートサイクル試験)を行い、試験後のセラミックス基板と金属層との接合率を評価した。
断面観察、冷熱サイクル試験(ヒートサイクル試験)及び接合率の評価は、実施例1及び実施例2に記載の通りとした。ただし、ヒートサイクルの回数は3000回とし、接合率の評価は冷熱サイクル試験(ヒートサイクル試験)後のヒートシンク付パワーモジュールに対して行い、Al層と金属部材層との接合部の接合率を評価した。
以上の評価の結果を表3に示す。
一方、Al-Ti-Si層が確認されなかった比較例3-1では、ヒートサイクル試験後の接合率は、本発明例と比べると大幅に低下した。
11、511 セラミックス基板(絶縁層)
12、612 回路層(接合体)
12A、313A 513A、612A Al層
12B、313B 513B、612B Cu層(金属部材層)
13 金属層
15、215、315 515、615、715 Ti層
16、216 516 Al-Ti-Si層
16A、216A 516A 第一Al-Ti-Si層
16B、216B 516B 第二Al-Ti-Si層
212、512 回路層
213 金属層(Al層)
230、530、630 ヒートシンク付パワーモジュール用基板
231、531 ヒートシンク(金属部材)
313、513 金属層(接合体)
Claims (8)
- アルミニウムからなるアルミニウム部材と、銅、ニッケル、又は銀からなる金属部材とが接合された接合体であって、
前記アルミニウム部材と前記金属部材との接合部には、
前記金属部材側に位置するTi層と、
前記Ti層と前記アルミニウム部材との間に位置し、Al3TiにSiが固溶したAl-Ti-Si層と、が形成されており、
前記Al-Ti-Si層は、
前記Ti層側に形成された第一Al-Ti-Si層と、
前記アルミニウム部材側に形成され前記第一Al-Ti-Si層よりもSi濃度が低い第二Al-Ti-Si層と、を備えていることを特徴とする接合体。 - 前記第二Al-Ti-Si層に含まれるSi濃度が1at%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の接合体。
- 絶縁層と、前記絶縁層の一方の面に形成された回路層と、を備え、
前記回路層が請求項1又は請求項2に記載の接合体からなり、
前記回路層は、前記絶縁層の一方の面に形成され前記アルミニウム部材からなるAl層と、このAl層の一方の面に形成され前記金属部材からなる金属部材層と、を有し、
前記Al層と前記金属部材層との接合部には、
前記金属部材層側に位置するTi層と、
前記Ti層と前記Al層との間に位置し、Al3TiにSiが固溶したAl-Ti-Si層と、が形成されており、
前記Al-Ti-Si層は、
前記Ti層側に形成された第一Al-Ti-Si層と、
前記Al層側に形成され前記第一Al-Ti-Si層よりもSi濃度が低い第二Al-Ti-Si層と、を備えていることを特徴とするパワーモジュール用基板。 - 前記絶縁層の他方の面に形成された金属層を備え、
前記金属層が請求項1又は請求項2に記載の接合体からなり、
前記金属層は、前記絶縁層の他方の面に形成され前記アルミニウム部材からなるAl層と、このAl層のうち前記絶縁層が形成された面と反対側の面に形成され前記金属部材からなる金属部材層と、を有し、
前記Al層と前記金属部材層との接合部には、
前記金属部材層側に位置するTi層と、
前記Ti層と前記Al層との間に位置し、Al3TiにSiが固溶したAl-Ti-Si層と、が形成されており、
前記Al-Ti-Si層は、
前記Ti層側に形成された第一Al-Ti-Si層と、
前記Al層側に形成され前記第一Al-Ti-Si層よりもSi濃度が低い第二Al-Ti-Si層と、を備えていることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のパワーモジュール用基板。 - 絶縁層と、この絶縁層の一方の面に形成された回路層と、前記絶縁層の他方の面に形成された金属層と、を備えたパワーモジュール用基板であって、
前記金属層は請求項1又は請求項2に記載の接合体からなり、
前記アルミニウム部材からなるAl層と前記金属部材からなる金属部材層との接合部には、
前記金属部材層側に位置するTi層と、
前記Ti層と前記Al層との間に位置し、Al3TiにSiが固溶したAl-Ti-Si層と、が形成されており、
前記Al-Ti-Si層は、
前記Ti層側に形成された第一Al-Ti-Si層と、
前記Al層側に形成され前記第一Al-Ti-Si層よりもSi濃度が低い第二Al-Ti-Si層と、を備えていることを特徴とするパワーモジュール用基板。 - 請求項3から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載のパワーモジュール用基板と、前記金属層に接合されたヒートシンクと、を備えることを特徴とするヒートシンク付パワーモジュール用基板。
- 前記金属層と前記ヒートシンクとがはんだ層を介して接合されていることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のヒートシンク付パワーモジュール用基板。
- 絶縁層と、この絶縁層の一方の面に形成された回路層と、前記絶縁層の他方の面に形成された金属層と、この金属層に接合されたヒートシンクと、を備え、
前記金属層と前記ヒートシンクとが請求項1又は請求項2に記載の接合体からなり、
前記金属層及び前記ヒートシンクの接合面の一方がアルミニウムで構成され、
前記金属層及び前記ヒートシンクの接合面の他方が銅、ニッケル、又は銀で構成され、
前記金属層と前記ヒートシンクとの接合部には、
前記接合面が銅、ニッケル、又は銀からなる前記金属層又は前記ヒートシンク側に位置するTi層と、
前記接合面がアルミニウムからなる前記金属層又は前記ヒートシンクと、前記Ti層との間に位置し、Al3TiにSiが固溶したAl-Ti-Si層と、が形成されており、
前記Al-Ti-Si層は、
前記Ti層側に形成された第一Al-Ti-Si層と、
前記接合面がアルミニウムからなる前記金属層又は前記ヒートシンク側に形成され前記第一Al-Ti-Si層よりもSi濃度が低い第二Al-Ti-Si層と、を備えていることを特徴とするヒートシンク付パワーモジュール用基板。
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107534034A (zh) * | 2015-04-16 | 2018-01-02 | 三菱综合材料株式会社 | 接合体、自带散热器的功率模块用基板、散热器及接合体的制造方法、自带散热器的功率模块用基板的制造方法、散热器的制造方法 |
| CN107534033A (zh) * | 2015-04-16 | 2018-01-02 | 三菱综合材料株式会社 | 接合体、自带散热器的功率模块用基板、散热器及接合体的制造方法、自带散热器的功率模块用基板的制造方法、散热器的制造方法 |
| US10497585B2 (en) | 2015-04-16 | 2019-12-03 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Bonded body, substrate for power module with heat sink, heat sink, method for producing bonded body, method for producing substrate for power module with heat sink, and method for producing heat sink |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107534034A (zh) * | 2015-04-16 | 2018-01-02 | 三菱综合材料株式会社 | 接合体、自带散热器的功率模块用基板、散热器及接合体的制造方法、自带散热器的功率模块用基板的制造方法、散热器的制造方法 |
| CN107534033A (zh) * | 2015-04-16 | 2018-01-02 | 三菱综合材料株式会社 | 接合体、自带散热器的功率模块用基板、散热器及接合体的制造方法、自带散热器的功率模块用基板的制造方法、散热器的制造方法 |
| US10497585B2 (en) | 2015-04-16 | 2019-12-03 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Bonded body, substrate for power module with heat sink, heat sink, method for producing bonded body, method for producing substrate for power module with heat sink, and method for producing heat sink |
| US10497637B2 (en) | 2015-04-16 | 2019-12-03 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Bonded body, substrate for power module with heat sink, heat sink, method for producing bonded body, method for producing substrate for power module with heat sink, and method for producing heat sink |
| CN107534034B (zh) * | 2015-04-16 | 2020-11-20 | 三菱综合材料株式会社 | 接合体、自带散热器的功率模块用基板、散热器及接合体的制造方法、自带散热器的功率模块用基板的制造方法、散热器的制造方法 |
| CN107534033B (zh) * | 2015-04-16 | 2020-12-11 | 三菱综合材料株式会社 | 接合体、自带散热器的功率模块用基板、散热器及接合体的制造方法、自带散热器的功率模块用基板的制造方法、散热器的制造方法 |
| WO2020184371A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-08 | 2020-09-17 | 京セラ株式会社 | 接合体および光源装置 |
| JPWO2020184371A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-08 | 2021-12-23 | 京セラ株式会社 | 接合体および光源装置 |
| JP7187664B2 (ja) | 2019-03-08 | 2022-12-12 | 京セラ株式会社 | 接合体および光源装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105189109A (zh) | 2015-12-23 |
| KR20150129720A (ko) | 2015-11-20 |
| EP2974859B1 (en) | 2020-10-14 |
| EP2974859A4 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
| CN105189109B (zh) | 2017-04-05 |
| KR102130868B1 (ko) | 2020-07-08 |
| US9560755B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 |
| EP2974859A1 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
| TWI604574B (zh) | 2017-11-01 |
| US20160035660A1 (en) | 2016-02-04 |
| TW201503296A (zh) | 2015-01-16 |
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