WO2014142177A1 - 重合体の製造方法 - Google Patents
重合体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014142177A1 WO2014142177A1 PCT/JP2014/056516 JP2014056516W WO2014142177A1 WO 2014142177 A1 WO2014142177 A1 WO 2014142177A1 JP 2014056516 W JP2014056516 W JP 2014056516W WO 2014142177 A1 WO2014142177 A1 WO 2014142177A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/35—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having also oxygen in the ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation
- C08F2/24—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents
- C08F2/26—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents anionic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/14—Methyl esters, e.g. methyl (meth)acrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
- C08F220/1804—C4-(meth)acrylate, e.g. butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate or tert-butyl (meth)acrylate
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a polymer by polymerizing a monomer having a vinyl group, and relates to a method capable of remarkably reducing the residual amount of a surfactant in a polymer or drainage. It is.
- a monomer is polymerized using a surfactant and a polymerization initiator in an aqueous medium.
- a monomer having a vinyl group is usually insoluble or hardly soluble in water, but is taken in and dispersed in micelles formed by a surfactant in an aqueous medium.
- the monomer is polymerized by radicals generated from the polymerization initiator.
- the size of such micelles is about several nanometers, and the polymer obtained by the emulsion polymerization method has an excellent characteristic that the degree of polymerization is large while being very fine, from several tens of nanometers to several hundred nanometers. Is.
- the polymer dispersion obtained by the emulsion polymerization method may be used as it is as a paint or an adhesive.
- a surfactant is generally not used, and a monomer and a polymerization initiator are mechanically vigorously stirred in an aqueous medium to form droplets composed of the monomer.
- a method of polymerizing Such droplets are larger than the micelles of the emulsion polymerization method, and usually have a size of about 0.01 to 1 mm.
- these droplets are bonded to each other to form large particles, which may impair the original advantages of suspension polymerization. Therefore, in order to stabilize the droplets, a water-soluble polymer such as gelatin, starch, polyvinyl alcohol, or carboxymethyl cellulose, or an insoluble powder such as calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate is added.
- the polymer obtained by the emulsion polymerization method or the suspension polymerization method has a problem that the above-mentioned surfactant and droplet stabilizer are mixed and give up the original characteristics of the polymer.
- these surfactants and the like are also mixed in the drained liquid after separating the polymer, but some of them have an adverse effect on the environment, so it is necessary to reduce them.
- a monomer that is insoluble or hardly soluble in water is subjected to emulsion polymerization or the like, a predetermined amount of surfactant or the like is required to disperse the micelles and droplets of the monomer. is there.
- surfactin is known as a biosurfactant (surfactant derived from a living organism).
- Surfactin has a cyclic peptide structure, and since the structure of the cyclic portion exhibiting hydrophilicity is much larger than that of conventional surfactants, it exhibits an excellent surfactant activity. Therefore, for example, the sodium salt is used in cosmetics and the like as a surfactant (Patent Document 1).
- Patent Documents 2 to 9 mention surfactin as a surfactant used in the emulsion polymerization method.
- Patent Documents 2 to 3 describe specific examples of the emulsion polymerization method using surfactin sodium.
- Surfactin sodium is used in the same degree as conventional general conditions (2. 4% by mass) and sodium lauryl sulfate, which is a surfactant other than surfactin sodium, is used in combination. Therefore, it is considered that the same level of surfactant is mixed in the polymer.
- Patent Documents 4 to 9 describe surfactin sodium as an emulsion polymerization surfactant for preparing an adhesive for a patch, but it is only one of many examples, Rather than a specific example using surfactin sodium, a specific example of emulsion polymerization itself is not described.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a polymer of a monomer having a vinyl group while reducing the residual amount of a surfactant as a target compound or a waste liquid. .
- the inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies to solve the above problems. As a result, when a surfactin salt is used as a surfactant, a monomer having a vinyl group can be polymerized satisfactorily even if the amount used is reduced. The present invention was completed by finding that the residual amount of the surfactant can be significantly reduced.
- X represents an amino acid residue selected from leucine, isoleucine and valine; R represents a C 9-18 alkyl group; M + represents an alkali metal ion or a quaternary ammonium ion]
- polymerizing a monomer having a vinyl group in an aqueous medium in the presence of a polymerization initiator characterized by making the ratio of the said surfactin salt (I) with respect to 100 mass parts of said monomers into 0.0005 mass part or more and less than 0.1 mass part.
- Surfactin salt (I ) Makes it possible to carry out emulsion polymerization and suspension polymerization even when the dose is reduced, and to significantly reduce the amount of the surfactant mixed into the polymer or the drainage.
- the surfactin salt remains dissolved in the aqueous medium, so that the amount of surfactin salt mixed into the polymer can be further reduced.
- the “(meth) acrylic acid monomer” refers to acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, and derivatives of (meth) acrylic acid such as esters and amides.
- the method of the present invention it is possible to produce a high-quality polymer in which the residual amount of surfactant is remarkably reduced. Moreover, since the residual amount of the surfactant in the drainage liquid can be remarkably suppressed, the necessity for the drainage treatment can be eliminated or the labor can be reduced. Furthermore, since the surfactin salt used as a surfactant in the method of the present invention is a peptide, even if it is released into the environment, it is rapidly degraded by bacteria and the load on the environment is extremely small. Therefore, the present invention is industrially excellent as an alternative to the conventional polymer production method.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph (1) of about 150 mL of 0.05 mass% surfactin sodium aqueous solution and a photograph (2) showing the result of adding 1 mL of saturated calcium chloride aqueous solution thereto and stirring.
- FIG. 1 (2) it can be seen that the dissolved surfactin sodium becomes a calcium salt and is precipitated and precipitated.
- the method for producing a polymer according to the present invention includes a step of polymerizing a monomer having a vinyl group in an aqueous medium in the presence of surfactin salt (I) and a polymerization initiator, and 100 parts by mass of the monomer.
- the ratio of the surfactin salt (I) relative to is 0.0005 parts by mass or more and less than 0.1 parts by mass.
- X represents an amino acid residue selected from leucine, isoleucine and valine; R represents a C 9-18 alkyl group; M + represents an alkali metal ion or a quaternary ammonium ion]
- surfactin salts can form micelles in emulsion polymerization and stabilize droplets in suspension polymerization, even in smaller amounts than used under conventional polymerization conditions.
- amino acid residue as X may be L-form or D-form, but L-form is preferred.
- C 9-18 alkyl group refers to a linear or branched monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 9 to 18 carbon atoms.
- n-nonyl group 6-methyloctyl group, 7-methyloctyl group, n-decyl group, 8-methylnonyl group, n-undecyl group, 9-methyldecyl group, n-dodecyl group, 10-methylundecyl group N-tridecyl group, 11-methyldodecyl group, n-tetradecyl group, n-pentadecyl group, n-hexadecyl group, n-heptadecyl group, n-octadecyl group and the like.
- Alkali metal ions are not particularly limited, but represent lithium ions, sodium ions, potassium ions, and the like.
- Examples of the quaternary ammonium ion substituent include alkyl groups such as methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, and tert-butyl group; benzyl group, methylbenzyl group, phenylethyl An aralkyl group such as a group; and an organic group such as an aryl group such as a phenyl group, a toluyl group, and a xylyl group.
- Examples of quaternary ammonium ions include tetramethylammonium ions, tetraethylammonium ions, pyridinium ions, and the like.
- the above surfactin salts may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Surfactin salts can be isolated from the culture solution of microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis according to known methods, and can be separated from the culture solution. You can also. Moreover, what is obtained by a chemical synthesis method can be used similarly.
- the surfactin salt is very excellent as a surfactant for emulsion polymerization and the like, and if the ratio is less than 0.1 parts by mass, micelles can be formed, and droplets can be formed. Can be stabilized and polymerization can be carried out satisfactorily. As a result, it becomes possible to remarkably reduce the residual amount of the surfactant in the polymer and the drainage. However, if the amount used is too small, there is a possibility that the polymerization cannot be performed satisfactorily.
- the proportion is set to 0.0005 parts by mass or more.
- 0.0006 mass part or more and 0.05 mass part or less are preferable, 0.0008 mass part or more and 0.02 mass part or less are more preferable, 0.001 mass part or more, 0.01 mass part or less.
- the polymerization initiator may be appropriately selected.
- peroxides of ketones or aldehydes such as cyclohexanone peroxide
- diacyl peroxides such as acetyl peroxide
- hydroperoxides such as t-butyl hydroperoxide and cumene hydroperoxide
- di-t-butyl peroxide Dialkyl peroxides
- alkyl peresters such as t-butyl perisobutyrate
- organic peroxides such as percarbonates such as t-butyl peroxyisopropyl carbonate
- Inorganic peroxides such as 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile and the like, but are not limited thereto.
- organic peroxides and / or inorganic peroxides may be used as thermal decomposition polymerization initiators, and reducing agents such as sodium ascorbate and sodium formaldehyde sulfonate are necessary.
- reducing agents such as sodium ascorbate and sodium formaldehyde sulfonate are necessary.
- a cocatalyst such as ferrous sulfate and a chelating agent such as ethylenediaminetetraacetate may be used in combination as a redox type polymerization initiator.
- a water-soluble polymerization initiator is used, and when performing suspension polymerization, an oil-soluble polymerization initiator is used.
- the usage-amount of a polymerization initiator may be adjusted suitably, it can be 0.1 mass part or more and 5 mass parts or less with respect to 100 mass parts of monomers, for example.
- a reducing agent that can be used in combination with a polymerization initiator may be used.
- the reducing agent include sodium bisulfite, sodium sulfooxylate formaldehyde, and sodium pyrosulfite.
- a reducing agent may also be adjusted suitably, it can be 0.1 mass part or more and 5 mass parts or less with respect to 100 mass parts of monomers, for example.
- the aqueous medium used in the method of the present invention refers to a medium containing water and containing water as a main component, and may be water alone or a mixed medium of water and a water-miscible organic medium.
- the kind of water here is not particularly limited, and any of distilled water, pure water, ultrapure water, tap water, and the like can be used.
- the ratio of water in the mixed medium is 50% by volume or more. As the said ratio, 60 volume% or more is more preferable, 70 volume% or more is further more preferable, and 80 volume% or more is especially preferable. More preferably, only water is used as the medium.
- Examples of the water-miscible organic medium used by mixing with water include alcohols such as methanol and ethanol; ethers such as tetrahydrofuran; ketones such as acetone; amides such as dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide. There is no particular limitation as long as it is miscible.
- the monomer to be polymerized by the method of the present invention is a monomer having a vinyl group capable of radical polymerization.
- vinyl ester monomers such as vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate
- aromatic vinyl compound monomers such as styrene and vinyl toluene
- ⁇ -olefin monomers such as ethylene and propylene
- (meth) acrylic acid (Meth) acrylic monomers such as methyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylic amide, diacetone acrylamide
- vinyl chloride And vinyl halide monomers such as vinylidene chloride and vinylidene fluoride. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the monomer to be used is not particularly limited and may be appropriately adjusted.
- the amount may be 20 parts by mass or more and 100 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the aqueous medium.
- a conventional method may be referred to.
- a pre-emulsion is prepared by mixing a part of an aqueous medium, a part of a water-soluble polymerization initiator, a part of surfactin salt (I) and a monomer, and the rest
- the aqueous medium, the polymerization initiator, and surfactin salt (I) may be mixed to form a solution, and the pre-emulsion may be dropped while stirring the solution.
- suspension polymerization a mixture containing at least surfactin salt (I), an oily polymerization initiator, a monomer and an aqueous medium is vigorously stirred to react while stabilizing droplets.
- the reaction atmosphere is preferably replaced with an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or argon gas in order to stabilize radicals necessary for the polymerization reaction.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or argon gas
- reaction temperature and reaction time are not particularly limited and may be adjusted as appropriate.
- the reaction temperature can be about 40 ° C. or more and 120 ° C. or less, and the reaction time can be about 1 hour or more and 20 hours or less.
- reaction solution obtained in the polymerization step particularly the reaction solution obtained by emulsion polymerization, can be used as it is as an adhesive or paint.
- a surfactin salt is used as a surfactant, and the amount thereof is smaller than that of the conventional one. Therefore, the reaction solution (latex) obtained has a small amount of surfactant and its adverse effect is suppressed. It can be said.
- this step the polymer is solidified.
- this step is optional and may not be performed.
- the polymer coagulant prevents ionization of the hydrophilic group of the surfactant, attenuates the surface activation ability of the surfactant, and aggregates the polymer by hydrophobic interaction.
- coagulants conventionally used are aluminum potassium sulfate, triethylenetetramine, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium sulfate, and the like. Since sufficient cohesive force cannot be obtained by itself, polyvalent metal ions and sodium hydroxide have been used in combination.
- an alkali metal salt of surfactin since an alkali metal salt of surfactin is used as a surfactant, an alkali metal ion alone cannot reduce the surface activation ability of the surfactin salt and cannot coagulate the polymer. It was thought. However, contrary to expectation, it was found that the polymer coagulates even when only alkali metal ions are added to the reaction solution after the reaction.
- alkali metal ions include sodium ions, potassium ions, and lithium ions. Sodium ions and potassium ions are preferable, and sodium ions are more preferable.
- Alkali metal ions are highly convenient when used in the form of a salt. Examples of such salts include halide salts such as chlorides and bromides, sulfates, carbonates, bicarbonates, and the like. In addition, it is easy to add an aqueous solution of an alkali metal ion to the reaction solution.
- the amount of alkali metal ions used may be appropriately adjusted within a range where the polymer can be sufficiently solidified.
- the temperature at which the polymer is solidified is not particularly limited and may be adjusted as appropriate.
- the temperature is preferably 5 ° C or higher and 50 ° C or lower.
- the polymer can be separated from the liquid phase regardless of whether or not the solidification step is performed.
- the polymer can be separated from the liquid phase containing the surfactant, and the amount of the surfactant mixed into the polymer can be further reduced.
- the implementation of this step is arbitrary, and as described above, the mixture of the polymer and the liquid phase can be used as it is.
- the liquid phase obtained through the polymer separation process described above contains a surfactin salt.
- the surfactin salt in the liquid phase is reduced by coagulating the surfactin salt. That is, since the amount of surfactant in the liquid phase can be reduced by this step, even if the liquid phase obtained in this step is released into the environment, the influence on the environment can be suppressed, and wastewater treatment is easy. become.
- the surfactin salt can be solidified by adding a polyvalent metal ion to the surfactin salt solution.
- the polyvalent metal ion means a metal ion having a valence of 2 or more.
- Examples of the polyvalent metal ions include alkaline earth metal ions such as magnesium ions and calcium ions; trivalent metal ions such as aluminum.
- polyvalent metal ions are highly convenient when used in the form of salts.
- examples of such salts include halide salts such as chlorides and bromides, sulfates, carbonates and the like.
- halide salts such as chlorides and bromides, sulfates, carbonates and the like.
- the amount of polyvalent metal ions used may be appropriately adjusted within a range where the surfactin salt can be sufficiently solidified. For example, it may be added in an equimolar amount or more relative to the used surfactin salt.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, about 20 times or less in the above ratio.
- the temperature at which surfactin is coagulated is not particularly limited and may be adjusted as appropriate.
- the temperature is preferably 5 ° C. or higher and 50 ° C. or lower.
- the surfactin salt coagulated by the coagulation process of the surfactin salt can be separated from the liquid phase.
- Surfactin salt which is a surfactant is removed from the obtained liquid phase, and its content is remarkably reduced. Therefore, the liquid phase obtained by this step can be discharged as it is, or its processing is extremely easy.
- the separated surfactin salt can be solubilized again and reused by treating with a large amount of alkali metal ions or quaternary ammonium ions, for example.
- the above-mentioned methods exemplified as the method for separating the polymer and the liquid phase can be used.
- the amount of surfactant mixed that is, the amount of surfactin mixed is significantly reduced.
- the surfactant content is 0.1% by mass or less.
- a polymer produced by emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization is inevitably mixed with a surfactant that is a component of micelles or a water-soluble polymer that is a stabilizer of droplets.
- a surfactant that is a component of micelles or a water-soluble polymer that is a stabilizer of droplets.
- the original characteristics were praised.
- a surfactant remains in a product manufactured as a modifier for general-purpose resins, the properties of the added general-purpose resin are greatly impaired, and undesirable coloration, strength reduction, durability It is known to cause performance degradation such as degradation.
- the content of the surfactant is significantly reduced in the polymer produced by the method of the present invention. Therefore, it is of high quality without being adversely affected by the surfactant.
- MMA methyl methacrylate
- BA n-butyl acrylate
- AMA allyl methacrylate
- Example 1 A glass reactor having a thermometer, stirrer, reflux condenser, nitrogen inflow device, monomer and emulsifier addition device was charged with 200 parts of distilled water and 0.01 part of surfactin sodium and stirred in a nitrogen stream. The temperature was raised to 50 ° C.
- a rubbery copolymer latex having a conversion rate of 90.9% and an average particle diameter of 0.2 ⁇ m is obtained even when about 0.0996 part of surfactin sodium is used with respect to 100 parts of the monomer.
- surfactin sodium is used with respect to 100 parts of the monomer.
- Example 2 A rubbery copolymer latex was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of Surfactin Sodium used was changed to 0.001 part. As a result, even when the amount of surfactin sodium used was reduced to about 0.00962 parts with respect to 100 parts of the monomer, the emulsion polymerization reaction proceeded, the conversion was 79.5%, and the average particle diameter was 0.5 ⁇ m. A rubbery copolymer latex could be produced.
- Emulsion polymerization was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the surfactant type was changed to sodium lauroyl glutamate, which is the same anionic emulsifier, but micelles were not stabilized and a large amount of scale was generated. Latex could not be obtained.
- the amount of the emulsifier was increased to the same amount as in Example 1, but the result was the same, a large amount of scale was generated, and latex could not be obtained.
- Example 3 A glass reactor having a thermometer, stirrer, reflux condenser, nitrogen inflow device, and monomer and emulsifier addition device was charged with 200 parts of distilled water and 0.002 part of surfactin sodium and stirred in a nitrogen stream. The temperature was raised to 50 ° C. Next, a mixture of 1.0 part of BA, 0.005 part of AMA and 0.0001 part of t-butyl hydroperoxide was charged, and after 10 minutes, 0.025 part of sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate was dissolved in 5 parts of distilled water.
- the graft copolymer was coagulated by adding a small amount of a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution containing an equimolar amount or more of sodium ions to the used surfactin sodium to the reaction solution after the graft polymerization.
- the graft copolymer coagulated from the obtained mixed solution was separated by filtration and dried under reduced pressure to obtain a white powder resin.
- Example 4 In Example 3 above, a saturated calcium chloride aqueous solution containing an equimolar amount or more of calcium ions relative to the used surfactin sodium was added to the filtrate obtained by filtering the graft copolymer, and surfactin sodium was converted to surfactin. Precipitated as calcium. The precipitated surfactin calcium was filtered off, and the dissolution rate of the surfactin salt contained in the filtrate (drainage) was measured by HPLC, and contained only 0.5% by mass or less of the used surfactin salt, It was confirmed that the COD concentration of the filtrate (drainage) was a very low value of about 10 ppm.
- FIG. 1 (1) photographs before and after adding calcium ions to a 0.05 mass% aqueous surfactin solution are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 (2) shows that when 1 mL of saturated calcium chloride aqueous solution was added to about 150 mL of 0.05 mass% surfactin sodium aqueous solution, the bubbles disappeared, and the surfactin was insolubilized by calcium ions. It can be seen that it becomes cutin calcium and precipitates at the bottom.
- Example 5 A glass reactor having a thermometer, a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a nitrogen inlet device, and a monomer addition device was charged with 200 parts of distilled water and 100 parts of BA, and 0.08 part of surfactin sodium was added thereto, Stir for 1 hour. Thereafter, stirring was stopped and the mixture was allowed to stand at 50 ° C. for 2 hours.
- Example 6 Except that the amount of surfactin sodium used was changed to 0.002 part, an experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 5. As in Example 5, stable droplet formation could be confirmed. It was.
- the amount of the emulsifier was increased to the same amount as in Example 5. However, the result was the same, and when the agitation was stopped, the oil liquid was separated, and no droplets could be confirmed.
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Abstract
Description
Xは、ロイシン、イソロイシンおよびバリンから選択されるアミノ酸残基を示し;
RはC9-18アルキル基を示し;
M+はアルカリ金属イオンまたは第四級アンモニウムイオンを示す]
および重合開始剤の存在下、ビニル基を有する単量体を水系媒体中で重合する工程を含み;
上記単量体100質量部に対する上記サーファクチン塩(I)の割合を0.0005質量部以上、0.1質量部未満とすることを特徴とする重合体の製造方法。
液相に多価金属イオンを加えてサーファクチン塩を凝固させる工程;および
凝固させたサーファクチン塩を分離する工程
を含む上記[1]に記載の製造方法。
本発明では、界面活性剤として、下記式(I)で表されるサーファクチン塩:
Xは、ロイシン、イソロイシンおよびバリンから選択されるアミノ酸残基を示し;
RはC9-18アルキル基を示し;
M+はアルカリ金属イオンまたは第四級アンモニウムイオンを示す]
を用いる。かかるサーファクチン塩は、従来の重合条件で用いられるより少ない量であっても、乳化重合においてはミセルを形成することができ、懸濁重合においては液滴を安定化することができる。
上記重合工程において得られた反応液、特に乳化重合により得られた反応液は、接着剤や塗料などとしてそのまま利用することもできる。本発明においては、界面活性剤としてサーファクチン塩を用い、その量は従来に比べて少ないことから、得られる反応液(ラテックス)は界面活性剤の混入量が少なく、その悪影響が抑制されているといえる。
上記凝固工程を実施するか否かを問わず、重合体を液相から分離することができる。本工程により、界面活性剤を含む液相から重合体を分離できることになり、重合体への界面活性剤の混入量をより一層低減することが可能になる。但し、本工程の実施は任意であり、重合体と液相との混合物のまま利用することができることは、上述したとおりである。
上記の重合体の分離工程を経て得られた液相は、サーファクチン塩を含んでいる。本工程では、このサーファクチン塩を凝固させることにより、液相中のサーファクチン塩量の低減を図る。即ち、本工程により液相中の界面活性剤の量を低減できることから、本工程で得られた液相を環境中へ放出したとしても環境への影響を抑制できるし、また、排水処理が容易になる。
上記のサーファクチン塩の凝固工程により凝固したサーファクチン塩は、液相から分離することができる。得られる液相からは、界面活性剤であるサーファクチン塩が除去されており、その含有量は顕著に低減されている。よって、本工程により得られる液相は、そのまま排出することも可能であり得、或いは、その処理が極めて容易である。さらに、分離されたサーファクチン塩は、例えば、多量のアルカリ金属イオンや第四級アンモニウムイオンで処理することにより再び可溶化し、再利用することが可能になる。
BA:アクリル酸n-ブチル
AMA:メタクリル酸アリル
実施例1
温度計、撹拌機、還流冷却器、窒素流入装置、単量体と乳化剤の添加装置を有するガラス反応器に、蒸留水200部とサーファクチンナトリウム0.01部を仕込み、窒素気流中、撹拌しながら50℃に昇温した。次に、BA10.0部、AMA0.04部およびt-ブチルハイドロパーオキサイド0.001部の混合物を仕込み、その10分後にホルムアルデヒドスルホキシル酸ナトリウム0.2部を蒸留水5部に溶解した溶液と、エチレンジアミン四酢酸・2Na塩0.005部と硫酸第一鉄・7水塩0.0025部を蒸留水5部に溶解した溶液を仕込んだ。1時間撹拌を続けることにより、重合を完結させた。
サーファクチンナトリウムの使用量を0.001部に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にゴム状共重合体ラテックスを製造した。その結果、サーファクチンナトリウムの使用量を単量体100部に対して約0.00962部に低減しても乳化重合反応は進行し、転化率79.5%で、平均粒子径0.5μmのゴム状共重合体ラテックスを製造することができた。
界面活性剤の種類を、同じアニオン性の乳化剤であるラウロイルグルタミン酸ナトリウムに変更した以外は実施例2と同様にして乳化重合を実施したが、ミセルが安定化せず、多量のスケールが発生し、ラテックスを得ることはできなかった。
温度計、撹拌機、還流冷却器、窒素流入装置、単量体と乳化剤の添加装置を有するガラス反応器に、蒸留水200部とサーファクチンナトリウム0.002部を仕込み、窒素気流中、撹拌しながら50℃に昇温した。次に、BA1.0部、AMA0.005部およびt-ブチルハイドロパーオキサイド0.0001部の混合物を仕込み、その10分後にホルムアルデヒドスルホキシル酸ナトリウム0.025部を蒸留水5部に溶解した溶液と、エチレンジアミン四酢酸・2Na塩0.001部と硫酸第一鉄・7水塩0.0003部を蒸留水5部に溶解した溶液を仕込んだ。1時間撹拌後、そこにBA85.5部、AMA1.71部およびt-ブチルハイドロパーオキサイド0.025部からなる単量体混合物を、5時間を要して滴下した。また、単量体混合物の添加とともに、0.006部のサーファクチンナトリウムの5質量%水溶液を5時間にわたり連続的に追加した。単量体混合物の添加終了から1.0時間撹拌を続けた。
上記実施例3において、グラフト共重合体を濾別して得られた濾液へ、使用したサーファクチンナトリウムに対して等モル以上のカルシウムイオンを含む飽和塩化カルシウム水溶液を加えたところ、サーファクチンナトリウムがサーファクチンカルシウムとして沈殿した。沈殿したサーファクチンカルシウムを濾別し、濾液(排液)に含まれるサーファクチン塩の溶存率をHPLCで測定したところ、使用したサーファクチン塩の0.5質量%以下しか含まれておらず、当該濾液(排液)のCOD濃度も約10ppm程度と非常に低い値であることが確認された。
温度計、撹拌機、還流冷却器、窒素流入口装置、単量体の添加装置を有するガラス反応器に、蒸留水200部とBA100部を仕込み、そこにサーファクチンナトリウム0.08部を加え、1時間撹拌した。その後、攪拌を止め、50℃で2時間静置したが、液滴が安定化した同様の状態が維持されていた。
サーファクチンナトリウムの使用量を、0.002部に変更した以外は、実施例5と同様に実験を行ったところ、実施例5と同様に、安定的な液滴の形成を確認することができた。
界面活性剤の種類を、同じアニオン性の乳化剤であるラウロイルグルタミン酸ナトリウムに変更した以外は実施例6と同様にして実験を実施したが、攪拌を止めると油液が分離し、液滴を確認することはできなかった。
Claims (5)
- さらに、得られた重合体を液相から分離する工程;
液相に多価金属イオンを加えてサーファクチン塩を凝固させる工程;および
凝固させたサーファクチン塩を分離する工程
を含む請求項1に記載の製造方法。 - 重合工程後、重合体の分離工程の前に、アルカリ金属イオンを重合反応液に添加することにより重合体を凝固させる工程を含む請求項2に記載の製造方法。
- 上記単量体100質量部に対する上記サーファクチン塩(I)の割合を0.05質量部以下とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 上記単量体として(メタ)アクリル酸系単量体を用いる請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
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| US14/775,184 US9376547B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2014-03-12 | Polymer production method |
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| WO2017204020A1 (ja) * | 2016-05-24 | 2017-11-30 | 株式会社カネカ | 高分子薄膜の製造方法 |
| JP2023004211A (ja) * | 2021-06-25 | 2023-01-17 | 三菱鉛筆株式会社 | ボールペン用水性インク組成物 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP6329938B2 (ja) | 2018-05-23 |
| EP2975066A1 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
| US9376547B2 (en) | 2016-06-28 |
| EP2975066A4 (en) | 2016-10-26 |
| US20160024275A1 (en) | 2016-01-28 |
| EP2975066B1 (en) | 2018-08-22 |
| CN105051074B (zh) | 2017-03-15 |
| JPWO2014142177A1 (ja) | 2017-02-16 |
| CN105051074A (zh) | 2015-11-11 |
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