WO2014030708A1 - I型糖尿病の予防又は治療のための製剤 - Google Patents
I型糖尿病の予防又は治療のための製剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014030708A1 WO2014030708A1 PCT/JP2013/072441 JP2013072441W WO2014030708A1 WO 2014030708 A1 WO2014030708 A1 WO 2014030708A1 JP 2013072441 W JP2013072441 W JP 2013072441W WO 2014030708 A1 WO2014030708 A1 WO 2014030708A1
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- insulin
- galcer
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/22—Hormones
- A61K38/28—Insulins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7028—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages
- A61K31/7032—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a polyol, i.e. compounds having two or more free or esterified hydroxy groups, including the hydroxy group involved in the glycosidic linkage, e.g. monoglucosyldiacylglycerides, lactobionic acid, gangliosides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/127—Synthetic bilayered vehicles, e.g. liposomes or liposomes with cholesterol as the only non-phosphatidyl surfactant
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
- A61P5/48—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the pancreatic hormones
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
- A61P5/48—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the pancreatic hormones
- A61P5/50—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the pancreatic hormones for increasing or potentiating the activity of insulin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/575—Hormones
- C07K14/62—Insulins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
- A61K2039/55511—Organic adjuvants
- A61K2039/55555—Liposomes; Vesicles, e.g. nanoparticles; Spheres, e.g. nanospheres; Polymers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a preparation for preventing or treating type I diabetes and a method for preventing or treating type I diabetes.
- Type I diabetes one of the autoimmune diseases, develops due to destruction of pancreatic ⁇ cells due to abnormal functioning of the autoimmune system.
- Pancreatic ⁇ cells are one of the cells that make up the islets of Langerhans (islets) in the stromal tissue of the pancreas, producing insulin essential for life support, glucose metabolism, protein synthesis, neutral fat formation and In vivo metabolic regulation such as storage promotion.
- the destruction of pancreatic ⁇ -cells causes insulin deficiency in the body, and glucose glucose tolerance becomes abnormal, such as blood sugar levels not being maintained normally due to disordered glucose metabolism, and in severe cases, chronic hyperglycemia, Life threatens such as diabetes, water and electrolyte loss, ketoacidosis, and coma.
- Long-term complications include neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, systemic large and small blood vessel degenerative changes and infections.
- Treg cells for the purpose of preventing the onset and improving the therapeutic effect by normalizing the suppressive immune function.
- Self-antigen-specific Treg cells are induced by immunizing certain autoantigens alone or in combination with an adjuvant. Induced Treg cells are then activated in the pancreas and pancreatic lymph nodes that express autoantigens, suppressing the activation of pathogenic Th1 cells, while invading the islets and destroying pancreatic ⁇ cells Is suppressed by the bystander effect.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 3 report that in the test of NOD mice before onset, immunization with insulin and insulin peptide B: 9-23, which are self-antigens, had the effect of delaying the progression of diabetes and the effect of suppressing the onset.
- Patent Document 1 reports that the onset of type I diabetes can be suppressed by administering an insulin B chain or a fragment thereof and an adjuvant for enhancing an immune response.
- antigen-specific immunosuppression has been shown to be effective in preventing or treating onset, it has not yet been established or clinically applied to a drug that exhibits a satisfactory effect.
- NKT cells secrete cytokines interleukin (IL) -4 and IL-10, and keep the function of the entire immune system normal by suppressing unnecessary activation of other immune cells and abnormal immune responses Adjust as follows. In the pre-diabetes group with genetic predisposition, the number of NKT cells is small and the production of IL-4 is decreased, suggesting the involvement of NKT cells in the development of diabetes.
- IL interleukin
- Patent Document 2 shows that ⁇ -GalCer administration delays the onset of type I diabetes.
- ⁇ -GalCer administration has shown a delayed onset effect, it is not sufficient in its preventive effect (see Patent Document 2 and Example 2-3 described later), and has not yet been clinically applied.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an example in which ⁇ -GalCer is administered through the thymus, but it has not been investigated how the difference in the administration method affects the preventive or therapeutic effect of type I diabetes.
- the method of suppressing the onset of type I diabetes by the administration of insulin, insulin peptide, or ⁇ -GalCer alone requires continuous administration of each drug. The problem of frequent administration is not solved.
- ⁇ -GalCer to prevent or treat allergic diseases caused by the production of certain types of antibodies, as well as types of autoimmune diseases in which the production of antibodies (autoantibodies) is largely related to the onset It has been proposed to do.
- Patent Document 3 by administering a liposome containing ⁇ -GalCer, a drug is transported to immune cells in the spleen, which is the place of antibody production, and IL-10-producing T cells are specifically expressed in the spleen. It has been reported that it is possible to prevent or treat immune diseases such as allergic diseases by exerting an induction effect and an IgE antibody production suppression effect.
- Patent Document 4 an agent that inhibits the production of IgE antibody caused by the target antigen is exhibited by drug transport to immune cells in the spleen with a preparation in which ⁇ -GalCer and the target antigen are included in a liposome.
- autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatism can be prevented or treated.
- SLE systemic lupus erythematosus
- rheumatism systemic lupus erythematosus
- These methods for preventing or treating autoimmune diseases using ⁇ -GalCer are effective in preventing and treating the onset of autoimmune diseases such as SLE and rheumatism due to the suppression effect of antigen-specific autoantibody production. is expected.
- Non-patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a technique for improving the effect of preventing or treating diabetes.
- islet-derived proteins include islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein (IGRP) and zinc transporter (ZnT8).
- IGRP islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein
- ZnT8 zinc transporter
- insulin-derived antigen is expected to be a major factor in the development of type I diabetes, and about 80% of the CD8-positive T cell epitopes derived from human pancreatic ⁇ cells discovered so far are derived from proinsulin and insulin.
- the main T cell epitope of proinsulin / insulin is the peptide “B: 9-23” consisting of the 9th to 23rd B chains in the insulin molecule in NOD mice (Non-patent Document 4), and in humans, insulin Peptides “B: 11-27” consisting of the 11th to 27th B chains have been identified (Non-patent Document 5).
- NOD non-obese diabetic mice
- deficiency of GAD65 and IA-2 did not suppress onset
- deficiency of insulin B: 9-23 developed was completely suppressed. This also suggests that proinsulin-derived epitopes are deeply involved in the development of type I diabetes.
- Non-Patent Document 6 report of the Canadian Edmonton group
- 50-70% of the grafts were lost relatively early after transplantation. This is thought to be due to biological reactions to the graft.
- the graft is damaged by activation of blood coagulation and complement systems such as platelet aggregation, nonspecific inflammatory reactions such as macrophages, and innate immune reactions. It is thought to have been lost.
- pancreatic islet grafts that avoid early injury after transplantation are considered to be damaged by autoantigen-specific CTLs existing in the patient's body prior to transplantation, resulting in progressive pancreatic islet damage. Maintaining control of blood sugar levels is difficult. In order to overcome such problems of transplantation therapy and improve the therapeutic effect, it is important to use anti-inflammatory agents and develop new immunosuppressive therapies targeting autoantigen-specific CTLs.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a preparation for the prevention or treatment of type I diabetes that exhibits an excellent prevention or treatment effect on type I diabetes, and a method for the prevention or treatment of type I diabetes.
- the present invention provides a preventive or therapeutic agent and a preventive or therapeutic method according to the following aspects.
- Item 1. (A) at least one selected from the group consisting of proinsulin, insulin, insulin A chain, insulin B chain, fragments thereof, and variants thereof; and (B) ⁇ -galactosylceramide A preparation for the prevention or treatment of diabetes.
- Item 2. Item 2. The preparation according to Item 1, wherein the component (A) is at least one selected from the group consisting of proinsulin, insulin B chain, fragments thereof, and variants thereof.
- Item 3. Item 3.
- Item 4. Item 4.
- a method for preventing or treating type I diabetes (A) Use of a preparation comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of proinsulin, insulin, insulin A chain, insulin B chain, fragments thereof, and mutants thereof, and (B) ⁇ -galactosylceramide , A method for the prevention or treatment of type I diabetes, wherein an effective amount of the preparation for the prevention or treatment of type I diabetes is administered to a human in need of prevention or treatment of type I diabetes.
- Item 9. The prevention or treatment method according to Item 8, wherein the component (A) is at least one selected from the group consisting of proinsulin, insulin B chain, fragments thereof, and variants thereof.
- Item 11. The prevention or treatment method according to any one of Items 8 to 10, wherein the component (B) is included in a liposome.
- Item 12. The method for prevention or treatment according to any one of Items 8 to 11, wherein the component (A) and the component (B) are included in a liposome.
- Item 13. Item 13. The prevention or treatment method according to any one of Items 8 to 12, wherein the human is a human in need of prevention of type I diabetes.
- Item 14. Item 14. The method for prevention or treatment according to any one of Items 8 to 13, wherein the preparation is administered by subcutaneous administration or intraperitoneal administration.
- (A) at least one selected from the group consisting of proinsulin, insulin, insulin A chain, insulin B chain, fragments thereof, and variants thereof for the manufacture of a preventive or therapeutic agent for type I diabetes; (B) Use of a preparation containing ⁇ -galactosylceramide.
- Type I diabetes that is sufficiently effective when administered at least one selected from the group consisting of proinsulin, insulin, insulin A chain, insulin B chain, fragments thereof, and variants thereof, or ⁇ -GalCer alone
- the suppression and treatment of type I diabetes according to the present invention is achieved by suppressing the activation of autoantigen-specific pathogenic Th1 cells or by suppressing the induction of CTLs that specifically attack pancreatic ⁇ cells. Since it uses a mechanism different from the previously reported suppression of allergen-specific antibody and autoantibody production using ⁇ -GalCer, it is analogized from the previously reported action of ⁇ -GalCer. It is based on a mechanism that cannot. According to this mechanism, the onset of type I diabetes can be significantly suppressed by subcutaneous administration or intraperitoneal administration rather than intravenous administration.
- cells such as plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are induced and accumulated in pancreatic lymph nodes by using one of the above components encapsulated in liposomes containing ⁇ -GalCer.
- pDC plasmacytoid dendritic cells
- the amount of drugs used can be reduced by the effective drug transport, which makes it possible to suppress the onset and fundamental treatment of type I diabetes with even more effective and fewer side effects.
- the supply problem may be solved by ⁇ cells derived from iPS cells and ES cells, there is still no solution to the problem of re-destruction of transplanted ⁇ cells, but the transplanted cells are encapsulated Relying on alternative methods to protect from autoimmunity by such methods.
- the present invention by using a liposome containing ⁇ -GalCer encapsulating the above one component, autoimmunity against ⁇ -cell transplantation is suppressed, and the onset of type I diabetes that is extremely effective even in combination with transplantation Suppression is possible.
- FIG. 3 shows the schematic structure of the administration sample used in Example 2 and 3.
- FIG. 3A the result of having evaluated the incidence of diabetes in each test group over time is shown.
- FIG. 3B the results of measuring the proliferation of insulin B peptide-specific Treg cells in each test group
- FIG. 3B the results of determining the proportion of proliferating cells without addition of antigen and the proportion of proliferating cells with addition of insulin B peptide.
- FIG. 3A the results of having evaluated the incidence rate of type I diabetes in each test group which changed the administration method over time
- Example 5 the result of having calculated
- the preparation of the present invention is at least one selected from the group consisting of proinsulin, insulin, insulin A chain, insulin B chain, fragments thereof, and variants thereof (hereinafter also referred to as component (A)). And ⁇ -GalCer (hereinafter also referred to as component (B)), and a pharmaceutical used for the prevention or treatment of type I diabetes.
- component (A) proinsulin, insulin, insulin A chain, insulin B chain, fragments thereof, and variants thereof
- component (B) ⁇ -GalCer
- a pharmaceutical used for the prevention or treatment of type I diabetes hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
- composition of the present invention contains, as component (A), at least one selected from the group consisting of proinsulin, insulin, insulin A chain, insulin B chain, fragments thereof, and variants thereof To do.
- the preparation of the present invention is a medicament used for the prevention or treatment of type I diabetes.
- Component (A) is a target molecule for achieving this goal.
- other pancreatic islet-derived proteins such as GAD65 and IA-2 are also conceivable.
- IGRP and ZnT8 are also considered.
- proinsulin, insulin, insulin A chain, insulin B chain, fragments thereof, and variants thereof are extremely useful as the component (A), and ⁇ -GalCer-containing liposomes described later It has been found that the effect of preventing or treating type I diabetes is remarkably exerted by being encapsulated.
- the present invention relates to the prevention or treatment of human type I diabetes, proinsulin, insulin, insulin A chain, insulin B chain, fragments thereof, and variants thereof used as component (A) are: Desirably, it is derived from human.
- Proinsulin is a precursor of insulin
- insulin is a peptide hormone having a structure in which the C-peptide is cleaved from proinsulin and the A chain and the B chain are bound by two disulfide bonds.
- Insulin A chain is a peptide consisting of 21 amino acid residues
- insulin B chain is a peptide consisting of 30 amino acid residues. The amino acid sequences of proinsulin, insulin, insulin A chain, and insulin B chain are known.
- amino acid sequence of human insulin A chain is known to be GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN (SEQ ID NO: 1)
- amino acid sequence of human insulin B chain is known to be FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKT (SEQ ID NO: 2).
- the proinsulin, insulin, insulin A chain, and / or insulin B chain fragment is not particularly limited as long as it can exert a protective action against type I diabetes.
- a peptide consisting of amino acid sequence 9-23 of insulin B chain (B: 9-23, amino acid sequence SHLVEALYLVCGERG: SEQ ID NO: 3), and a peptide consisting of amino acid sequence 11-27 of insulin B chain (B: 11-27, amino acid sequence LVEALYLVCGERGFFYT: SEQ ID NO: 4) has been revealed to be a major antigenic epitope of CD4 + T cells.
- 9 of insulin B chain A fragment of the insulin B chain containing the amino acid sequence at the ⁇ 23rd position and a fragment of the insulin B chain containing the 11th to 27th amino acid sequence of the insulin B chain are preferred.
- Variants of proinsulin, insulin, insulin A chain, insulin B chain, and / or fragments thereof are those in which one or more amino acids constituting these peptides are substituted, deleted, and / or added.
- the number of amino acid mutations is not particularly limited as long as it can exert a protective action against type I diabetes.
- proinsulin or an insulin variant 1 to several amino acids, preferably 1 to 5 amino acids, more preferably 1 to 2 amino acids out of all amino acids constituting insulin A chain and B chain Are substituted, deleted, and / or added.
- 1 to several, preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 2 amino acids are substituted, deleted, and / or added. The thing that is.
- proinsulin, insulin, insulin B chain, fragments thereof, and variants thereof are mentioned. More preferably, human proinsulin, human insulin, human insulin B chain, fragments thereof, and variants thereof are mentioned.
- one kind of proinsulin, insulin, insulin A chain, insulin B chain, fragments thereof and variants thereof may be used alone, or two kinds thereof may be used. A combination of the above may also be used.
- ⁇ -GalCer used as component (B) is a glycosphingolipid in which galactose and ceramide are bonded in an ⁇ -coordination, specifically, WO94 / 09020, WO94 / Examples are those disclosed in 02168, WO94 / 24142, WO98 / 44928, Science, 278, p.1626-1629, 1997, and the like.
- ⁇ -GalCer is KRN7000, that is, (2S, 3S, 4R) -1-O- ( ⁇ -D-galactopyranosyl) -2-Hexacosanoylamino-1,3,4-octadecanetriol is preferably used.
- ⁇ -GalCer may be made into a liposome.
- Liposome-containing ⁇ -GalCer ie, a liposome containing ⁇ -GalCer
- ⁇ -GalCer usually has ⁇ -GalCer localized in the lipid bilayer of the liposome.
- the effect of preventing or treating type I diabetes can be more effectively exhibited.
- the blending ratio of ⁇ -GalCer contained in the liposome is not particularly limited.
- ⁇ -GalCer is 0.1 per 100 parts by weight of the total amount of liposome-constituting lipid.
- -40 parts by weight, preferably 0.5-20 parts by weight are exemplified.
- the lipid used to make ⁇ -GalCer into a liposome is not particularly limited as long as it can form a bilayer structure.
- the liposome-constituting lipid dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC), dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), disteryl phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) and other diacylphosphatidylcholines; dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG), diacyl phosphatidyl glycerol (DOPG), dimyristoyl phosphatidyl glycerol (DMPG), disteryl phosphatidyl glycerol (DSPG) and other diacyl phosphatidyl glycerols; cholesterol, 3 ⁇ - [N- (dimethylaminoethane) carbamoyl] Cholesterol (DPPC
- the liposome-constituting lipids may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Preferred examples of the combination of the lipids constituting the liposome include diacylphosphatidylcholines, diacylphosphatidylglycerols and sterols, and diacylphosphatidylcholines and sterols; more preferably a combination of DOPC, DOPG and cholesterol.
- a combination of DPPC, DOPC, DPPG, DOPG, and cholesterol a combination of DPPC, DOPC, DPPG, and cholesterol
- a combination of DOPC, cholesterol, and / or DC-Chol a combination of DOPC, cholesterol, and / or DC-Chol.
- the blending ratio of each lipid is appropriately set in consideration of the size and fluidity required for the liposome.
- diacylphosphatidylcholines diacylphosphatidylglycerols: sterols usually have a molar ratio of 1: 0.05 to 3.0. : 0.05 to 6.0, preferably 1: 0.1 to 1.5: 0.1 to 3.0.
- DOPC DOPG: cholesterol in a molar ratio of 1: 0.05 to 1.0: 0.05 to 3.0, Preferably, it is 1: 0.1 to 0.7: 0.1 to 1.5.
- DPPC DOPC
- DPPG cholesterol in a molar ratio of 1: 0.16 to 1.65: 0.16 to 1. 0: 0.16-1.3, preferably 1: 0.4-0.75: 0.2-0.5: 0.3-0.75.
- diacylphosphatidylcholines preferably DOPC
- sterols preferably cholesterol and / or DC-Chol
- diacylphosphatidylcholines: sterols are in a molar ratio of 1: 0.05 to 4, preferably 1: 0.1 to 1.
- the components of the liposome used to form ⁇ -GalCer into a liposome may contain a cationic compound such as stearylamine and oleylamine; an anionic compound such as dicetyl phosphate; and a membrane protein.
- a cationic compound such as stearylamine and oleylamine
- an anionic compound such as dicetyl phosphate
- a membrane protein such as a membrane protein.
- these blending ratios can be set as appropriate.
- the size of the liposome containing ⁇ -GalCer is not particularly limited, but usually the average particle size is 50 to 1000 nm, preferably 100 to 400 nm.
- the average particle diameter of the liposome is measured by a dynamic light scattering method.
- the structure of the liposome containing ⁇ -GalCer is not particularly limited, and any of MLV (multilamellar vesicles), DRV (dehydration-rehydration vesicles), LUV (large umilamellar vesicles), or SUV (small unilamellar vesicles) Also good.
- MLV multilamellar vesicles
- DRV dehydration-rehydration vesicles
- LUV large umilamellar vesicles
- SUV small unilamellar vesicles
- Examples of the solution encapsulated in the liposome containing ⁇ -GalCer include pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous carriers such as water, buffer solution and physiological saline.
- Liposomes containing ⁇ -GalCer can be prepared using known liposome production methods such as hydration, sonication, ethanol injection, ether injection, reverse phase evaporation, surfactant method, freezing and thawing. Produced. Moreover, the particle size distribution of the liposome can be adjusted by passing through a filter having a predetermined pore size. Moreover, according to a well-known method, the conversion from MLV to a single membrane liposome and the conversion from a single membrane liposome to MLV can also be performed.
- Ratio of component (A) and component (B) in the preparation of the present invention, is not particularly limited, but for example, per 100 parts by weight of the total amount of component (A).
- the total amount of the component (B) in terms of ⁇ -GalCer weight) is 0.1 to 10,000 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 1,000 parts by weight, and more preferably 10 to 500 parts by weight.
- the preparation of the present invention may contain the above component (A) and component (B) as the same preparation, and the above component (A) and component (B) are separately formulated. And may be designed to be mixed at the time of use or administered separately or sequentially. From the viewpoint of ease of use, it is preferable that the component (A) and the component (B) are contained in the same preparation.
- the component (A) (B) may be formulated in a state where it is not encapsulated in the liposome, but from the viewpoint of more effectively exerting a preventive or therapeutic effect on type I diabetes, the component (A) is the component (B) It is desirable to be formulated in a state of being encapsulated (encapsulated) in the liposome (lipid bilayer membrane or aqueous phase inside the liposome).
- the hydration method, sonication method, ethanol injection method, ether injection method, reverse phase evaporation method, surfactant method, freezing / It can be performed according to a known method such as a melting method.
- the dosage form of the preparation of the present invention may be liquid or in a dry state.
- a buffer solution such as physiological saline, phosphate buffer, citrate buffer, and acetate buffer Good.
- a buffer solution such as physiological saline, phosphate buffer solution, citrate buffer solution or acetate buffer solution at the time of use.
- the preparation of the present invention contains pharmaceutically acceptable additives such as sugars, polyhydric alcohols, water-soluble polymers, nonionic surfactants, antioxidants, and pH adjusters as necessary. Also good.
- the preparation of the present invention is administered by subcutaneous administration, intramuscular administration, intravenous administration, intraperitoneal administration, intraarticular administration, mucosal administration and the like.
- preferred are subcutaneous administration, intramuscular administration, and intraperitoneal administration, and most preferred is subcutaneous administration or intraperitoneal administration.
- the preparation of the present invention is administered subcutaneously or intraperitoneally, the effect of preventing or treating Type I diabetes becomes even more effective.
- the subject of administration of the preparation of the present invention is a human in need of prevention or treatment of type I diabetes, preferably a human who is at risk of developing type I diabetes (genetic predisposition, etc.), develops type I diabetes And the like. Since the preparation of the present invention can directly suppress the induction of CTL that specifically attacks pancreatic ⁇ cells, unlike conventional symptomatic treatment such as administration of insulin, type I diabetes can be directly prevented or It is an epoch-making medicine in that it can be treated. That is, by applying the preparation of the present invention to the administration subject, it is possible to remarkably increase the possibility of being released from even a patient who has conventionally been required to administer insulin for a lifetime.
- the preparation of the present invention utilizes a mechanism different from the conventionally reported allergen-specific antibody or autoantibody production suppression using ⁇ -GalCer.
- ⁇ -GalCer By suppressing the induction of CTLs that specifically attack pancreatic ⁇ -cells, the effect of preventing type I diabetes is particularly outstanding. Therefore, the preparation of the present invention is suitably used for humans who are required to prevent type I diabetes, particularly those who are at risk of developing type I diabetes.
- the preparation of the present invention can induce the expression of suppressive cytokines.
- suppressive cytokines include IL-2 and IL-10.
- the preparation of the present invention induces and accumulates cells such as plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in pancreatic lymph nodes, and induces and accumulates a suppressive T cell group involved in treatment specifically in the pancreas. Let Thereby, antigen-specific regulatory T cells can be induced.
- the immunosuppressive cytokine induced by the preparation of the present invention is presumed to be caused by secretion by antigen-specific regulatory T cells induced by the preparation of the present invention.
- the preparation of the present invention induces cells such as plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) into pancreatic lymph nodes by using insulin encapsulated in liposomes containing ⁇ -GalCer. It has an action of accumulating and suppressing and efficiently removing pathogenic Th1 cells by specifically inducing and accumulating inhibitory T cell groups involved in treatment. Moreover, pancreatic destruction can be prevented by directly suppressing and eliminating the induction of CTLs that specifically attack pancreatic ⁇ cells.
- pDCs plasmacytoid dendritic cells
- the dosage of the preparation of the present invention may be an amount effective for the prevention or treatment of type I diabetes, and is appropriately set according to the age, weight and symptom of the subject of administration. What is necessary is just to set so that the component (A) corresponding to about 0.5 to 5000 ⁇ g / kg body weight may be administered once to several times, preferably once a day.
- the preparation of the present invention may be administered continuously for 1 day or several days, or may be administered at intervals of 1 to several days.
- KRN7000 was used as ⁇ -GalCer.
- Example 1 Preparation of Insulin B Peptide Encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer Liposomes L- ⁇ -Phosphatidylcholine, Dioleoyl (DOPC: Wako Pure Chemical Industries), 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3- [Phospho-rac- (1- Glycerol)] (Sodium Salt) (DOPG: Wako Pure Chemicals) and Cholesterol (plant derived) (Avanti) in a molar ratio of 5: 2: 3, then 10 mg of chloroform / methanol (volume ratio 1: 1) Dissolved in 1000 ⁇ l of solvent.
- DOPC Wako Pure Chemical Industries
- 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3- [Phospho-rac- (1- Glycerol)] Sodium Salt
- DOPG Wako Pure Chemicals
- Cholesterol plant derived
- ⁇ -GalCer 0.2 mg was separately dissolved in 100 ⁇ l of a chloroform / methanol solvent. After mixing the two, the organic solvent was removed with an evaporator to form a lipid thin film containing ⁇ -GalCer on the bottom of the eggplant-shaped flask. Further, the organic solvent was completely removed by drying overnight in a vacuum desiccator. To this was added 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.5) containing 1 mg / ml of a human insulin B chain fragment (B: 9-23) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as insulin B peptide), and vortexed. The lipid film was completely hydrated by the treatment.
- insulin B peptide GalCer liposome solution a solution containing an insulin B peptide-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer-containing liposome (hereinafter, insulin B peptide GalCer liposome solution).
- the insulin B peptide GalCer liposome solution has an ⁇ -GalCer final concentration of 200 ⁇ g / ml and an insulin B peptide (B: 9-23) final concentration of 500 ⁇ g / ml.
- Example 2 Evaluation of the efficacy of ⁇ -GalCer liposomes containing insulin B peptide in preventing the onset of type I diabetes 1.
- Materials and methods 1-1 Preparation of insulin B peptide-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer liposome and preparation of administration sample The insulin B peptide-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer-containing liposome prepared in Example 1 was used.
- An administration sample was prepared by mixing 10 ⁇ l of the insulin B peptide GalCer liposome solution prepared in Example 1 (2 ⁇ g in terms of ⁇ -GalCer, 5 ⁇ g in terms of insulin B peptide) and 90 ⁇ l of physiological saline.
- insulin B peptide liposome solution a solution containing insulin B peptide-encapsulated liposomes
- the liposome solution has a final concentration of insulin B peptide (B: 9-23) of 500 ⁇ g / ml.
- An administration sample was prepared by mixing 10 ⁇ l of the liposome solution thus obtained (5 ⁇ g in terms of peptide) and 90 ⁇ l of physiological saline.
- ⁇ -GalCer 0.2 mg was separately dissolved in 100 ⁇ l of a chloroform / methanol solvent. After mixing the two, the organic solvent was removed with an evaporator to form a lipid thin film containing ⁇ -GalCer on the bottom of the eggplant-shaped flask. Further, the organic solvent was completely removed by drying overnight in a vacuum desiccator. Sterile distilled water containing 1 mg / ml of OVA peptide (Ovalbumin peptide, 323-339) was added, and the lipid film was completely hydrated by vortexing. After performing freeze-thaw treatment 4 times or more, it was passed through a 200 nm polycarbonate membrane (Avanti) several times.
- OVA peptide OVA peptide
- OVA peptide GalCer liposome solution a solution containing OVA peptide-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer liposomes
- the liposome solution has a final ⁇ -GalCer concentration of 200 ⁇ g / ml and an OVA peptide final concentration of 500 ⁇ g / ml.
- An administration sample was prepared by mixing 10 ⁇ l of the liposome solution thus obtained (2 ⁇ g in terms of ⁇ -GalCer, 5 ⁇ g in terms of OVA peptide) and 90 ⁇ l of physiological saline.
- Nod mice Nod mice (NOD / ShiLtJ, The Jackson Laboratory, CA, USA), a model mouse for type I diabetes, were administered twice a week between the ages of 4 and 8 weeks before the onset of type I diabetes A sample of 100 ⁇ l was administered intraperitoneally, and the blood glucose concentration was measured every other week.
- the test groups were 1) non-drug administration group (saline administration group), 2) insulin B peptide-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer liposome administration group, 3) insulin B peptide-encapsulated liposome administration group, and 4) OVA peptide encapsulation type
- the mice were divided into 5 groups administered with ⁇ -GalCer liposome, and 10 mice were used per group.
- a commercially available blood glucose level measuring apparatus (ACCU-CHEK Aviva, Roche) used by diabetic patients was used for measuring the glucose concentration.
- the method for determining the onset of diabetes was the onset when the blood glucose concentration was 250 mg / dL or more, and the onset rate was expressed as a percentage (%) of individuals who developed in the group of mice administered with the same sample.
- the schematic structure of each administration sample used for the test is shown in FIG.
- the insulin B peptide-encapsulated liposome administration group (open circle) contributed to the onset delay more than the non-drug administration group, but about 40% of mice developed diabetes at 24 weeks.
- the OVA peptide-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer liposome-administered group (US sign) that encapsulated the non-insulin peptide OVA peptide contributed to the onset of delay compared to the non-drug-administered group, but later onset was earlier than the non-administered group On week 24, about 60% of mice developed diabetes.
- the combination of insulin peptide and ⁇ -GalCer is important for the prevention of type I diabetes, and the insulin B peptide-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer liposome is an effective and effective type I diabetes prevention drug. Confirmed to get.
- Example 3 Induction evaluation test of insulin B peptide-specific Treg cells using spleen cells derived from drug-administered NOD mice 1.
- Materials and methods 1-1 Preparation of insulin B peptide-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer liposome and preparation of sample for administration The insulin B peptide-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer-containing liposome prepared in Example 2 was used.
- An administration sample was prepared by mixing 10 ⁇ l of a liposome solution containing insulin-B peptide-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer-containing liposomes (2 ⁇ g in terms of ⁇ -GalCer, 5 ⁇ g in terms of insulin B peptide) and 90 ⁇ l of physiological saline.
- Insulin B Peptide Encapsulating Liposomes prepared in Examples were used.
- An administration sample was prepared by mixing 10 ⁇ l of a liposome solution containing insulin B peptide-encapsulated liposomes (5 ⁇ g in terms of insulin B peptide) and 90 ⁇ l of physiological saline.
- GalCer liposome solution a solution containing ⁇ -GalCer-containing liposomes (hereinafter referred to as GalCer liposome solution) was prepared by passing through a 200 nm polycarbonate membrane (Avanti) multiple times.
- the liposome solution has a final ⁇ -GalCer concentration of 200 ⁇ g / ml.
- An administration sample was prepared by mixing 10 ⁇ l of the liposome solution thus obtained (2 ⁇ g in terms of ⁇ -GalCer) and 90 ⁇ l of physiological saline.
- ⁇ -GalCer solution Preparation of ⁇ -GalCer solution and administration sample preparation 3 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to 3 mg of ⁇ -GalCer (KRN7000 powder) and dissolved in a high-temperature layer at 80 ° C. To this, 12 ml of PBS ( ⁇ ) containing 0.5% Tween 80 was added and mixed. This resulted in a final concentration of ⁇ -GalCer of 200 ⁇ g / ml, which was used as a stock solution. An administration sample was prepared by mixing 10 ⁇ l of the stock solution thus obtained (2 ⁇ g in terms of ⁇ -GalCer) and 90 ⁇ l of physiological saline.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- Insulin B peptide-specific cell proliferation analysis and cytokine production measurement of Treg cells For NOD mice (NOD / ShiJcl, CLEA Japan Inc., Tokyo, Japan), a model of spontaneous development of type I diabetes, before the onset of type I diabetes 100 ⁇ l of administration sample was administered intraperitoneally twice a week between 5 to 10 weeks of age, and the spleen was extracted from 13-week-old mice, and then spleen cells were prepared and cell culture was performed.
- CFSE carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester
- CFSE-labeled cells were added with a) no antigen, b) insulin B peptide, c) non-insulin peptide (OVA peptide), respectively, and cultured in a CO 2 incubator for 4 days. . After culturing, the cultured cells and culture supernatant are collected, and the cells are subjected to FACS analysis of CFSE increase in CD4 (+) Foxp3 (+) cells, and the amount of cytokine production in the supernatant is measured for the supernatant did. In addition, the concentrations of IL-2 and IL-10 in the culture supernatant were also measured.
- Spleen cells were prepared from NOD mice administered with various drugs, and the proliferation of antigen-specific Treg cells by insulin B peptide-added culture was analyzed.
- the ratio of CFSE proliferating cells in CD4 (+) Foxp3 (+) cells after culture was about 55% when no antigen was added and about 51% when insulin B peptide was added.
- Treg cells did not proliferate (FIG. 3A top).
- the insulin B peptide-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer liposome-administered group had about 45% when no antigen was added and about 64% when insulin B peptide was added. It was recognized (FIG. 3A lower part).
- the non-drug administration group was 0.93
- the insulin B peptide-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer The liposome administration group was 1.43, 1.5 times more than the non-drug administration group, indicating that Treg cell proliferation was induced.
- the insulin B peptide-containing liposome-administered group was 0.90
- the ⁇ -GalCer liposome-administered group was 1.02
- the ⁇ -GalCer solution-administered group was 1.04. I was not able to admit.
- IL-2 and IL-10 which are immunosuppression-related cytokines presumed to be derived from Treg cells, were added to the insulin B peptide-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer liposome administration group. Only a significant production induction was shown (Table 1). In a similar test using a non-insulin peptide, no induction of Treg cells or induction of suppressor cytokines was observed in any test group.
- Example 4 Efficacy evaluation of insulin-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer liposomes in the prevention of the onset of type I diabetes and administration route search 1.
- Materials and methods 1-1 Preparation of insulin-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer liposomes and administration sample preparation L- ⁇ -Phosphatidylcholine, Dioleoyl (DOPC: Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc.), 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC: Avanti), 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol, sodium salt (DOPG: Avanti), 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol, sodium salt (DPPG: Avanti), Cholesterol (plant derived) ( Avanti) was mixed at a molar ratio of 1.5: 1.5: 1.5: 4, and 50 mg of the mixture was dissolved in a solvent of chloroform /
- the organic solvent was removed using an evaporator under a nitrogen gas stream, and the remaining organic solvent was completely removed by freeze-drying.
- the dried lipid mixture was dissolved in 90% tert-butanol at 50 ° C., ⁇ -GalCer was added to 5% by weight, dissolved, frozen, and then dried by lyophilization.
- 2.5 ml of an insulin solution (recombinant human insulin, manufactured by Invitrogen, 10 mM HCl / 2% glycine) was added to the dried lipid mixture and completely hydrated, followed by freeze-thaw treatment three times.
- This solution was passed through an 800 nm polycarbonate membrane (Avanti) five times, and subsequently passed through a 200 nm polycarbonate membrane (Avanti) five times to obtain the same particle size.
- PBS a solution containing insulin-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer-containing liposomes diluted 10-fold with PBS (hereinafter referred to as insulin GalCer liposome solution) was prepared.
- the liposome solution has a final ⁇ -GalCer concentration of 20 ⁇ g / ml and a final insulin concentration of 200 ⁇ g / ml.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of evaluating the incidence of type I diabetes over time.
- non-drug-administered group black circle
- symptoms started to appear from 9 to 10 weeks, about half of them developed from 14 to 15 weeks, and 70% of mice developed diabetes at 24 weeks.
- the onset was from 18 to 19 weeks (onset delay), and 25% of mice developed on the 24th week.
- the rate was shown to decrease significantly.
- Similar effects were observed in the intraperitoneal administration group (open circles), and the onset decreased from 11 to 12 weeks and the onset rate decreased to 25% at the 24th week.
- tail vein administration group open squares
- the onset rate was slightly delayed and the onset rate decreased (62% onset rate at week 24)
- the effect was weaker than subcutaneous administration and intraperitoneal administration. It became.
- Example 5 Inhibition of proliferation of cytotoxic ⁇ -cells specific to pancreatic ⁇ cells by administration of insulin-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer liposomes 1.
- Materials and methods 1-1 Preparation of insulin-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer liposome and preparation of administration sample The insulin-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer-containing liposome prepared in Example 4 was used as an administration sample.
- the organic solvent was removed using an evaporator under a nitrogen gas stream, and the remaining organic solvent was completely removed by freeze-drying.
- an insulin solution (recombinant human insulin, manufactured by Invitrogen, 10 mM HCl / 2% glycine) was added to the dried lipid mixture and completely hydrated, freeze-thaw treatment was performed three times. This solution was passed through an 800 nm polycarbonate membrane (Avanti) five times, and subsequently passed through a 200 nm polycarbonate membrane (Avanti) five times to obtain the same particle size.
- insulin liposome solution a solution containing insulin-encapsulated liposomes (hereinafter referred to as insulin liposome solution) diluted 10-fold with PBS was prepared.
- the liposome solution has a final insulin concentration of 200 ⁇ g / ml.
- the organic solvent was removed using an evaporator under a nitrogen gas stream, and the remaining organic solvent was completely removed by freeze-drying.
- the dried lipid mixture was dissolved in 90% tert-butanol at 50 ° C., ⁇ -GalCer was added to 5% by weight, dissolved, frozen, and then dried by lyophilization. After 2.5 ml of 10 mM HCl / 2% glycine solution was added to the dried lipid mixture and completely hydrated, freeze-thaw treatment was performed three times. This solution was passed through an 800 nm polycarbonate membrane (Avanti) five times, and subsequently passed through a 200 nm polycarbonate membrane (Avanti) five times to obtain the same particle size.
- GalCer liposome solution a solution containing ⁇ -GalCer-containing liposomes (hereinafter referred to as GalCer liposome solution).
- the liposome solution has a final concentration of ⁇ -GalCer of 20 ⁇ g / ml.
- PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- NOD mice were intraperitoneally administered 50 ⁇ l of a sample administered twice a week from 4 weeks of age before onset of type I diabetes.
- the test groups are 1) non-drug administration group (saline administration group), 2) insulin-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer liposome administration group, 3) insulin-encapsulated liposome administration group, 4) ⁇ -GalCer liposome administration group
- PBMCs were isolated from 8-week-old NOD mice by conventional methods, and tetramer NRP-V7 (Reference: Prediction ⁇ of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice by quantification of autoreactive T cells in peripheral blood.
- FIG. 5 shows the results of determining the ratio (%) of NRP-V7 (+) cells present in B220 ( ⁇ ) CD8 (+) cells in PBMC, that is, pancreatic ⁇ -cell specific CTL.
- the non-drug-administered group had a CTL ratio of 1.25% or more, whereas the insulin-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer liposome-administered group showed a significant production inhibitory effect of about 0.6%. Since this ratio is the same as that measured in NOD mice before onset of type I diabetes, it is clear that administration of insulin-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer liposomes can completely suppress pancreatic ⁇ -cell-specific CTL production It became.
- the insulin-encapsulated liposome-administered group and the ⁇ -GalCer liposome-administered group were 1.0% and 1.25%, respectively, which were almost the same as the non-drug-administered group. This indicates that the administration of insulin or ⁇ -GalCer alone cannot sufficiently suppress the production of CTL, and the combination of both is important for the drug efficacy.
- insulin-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer liposomes can prevent the onset of type I diabetes by suppressing the production of pancreatic ⁇ -cell-specific CTLs. Since it is possible to induce the activation theoretically, it has been clarified that it can be an epoch-making drug capable of suppressing the severity of diabetes.
- Example 6 Formulation Example (1) Human insulin B peptide-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer-containing liposome formulation The human insulin B peptide-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer-containing liposome obtained in Example 1 and physiological saline were mixed to produce human insulin. A B-peptide-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer-containing liposome preparation is prepared. (2) Human insulin-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer-containing liposome preparation As described above, except that the human insulin B peptide-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer-containing liposome in (1) above is the human insulin-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer-containing liposome prepared in Example 4.
- a human insulin-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer-containing liposome preparation is prepared by the same method as in (1).
- (3) Human proinsulin-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer-containing liposome preparation Human proinsulin-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer-containing liposome produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that human insulin was changed to human proinsulin in Example 4. Is mixed with physiological saline to obtain a human proinsulin-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer-containing liposome preparation.
- Example 7 Formulation use example Any of the human insulin B peptide-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer-containing liposome formulation, human insulin-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer-containing liposome formulation and human proinsulin-encapsulated ⁇ -GalCer-containing liposome formulation obtained in Example 6 Ordinarily, 0.01-1.0 mg / kg body weight of ⁇ -GalCer is administered to the target patient 1 to 3 times a week for 1 to 6 weeks under the condition of subcutaneous administration.
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Description
項1. (A)プロインスリン、インスリン、インスリンA鎖、インスリンB鎖、これらのフラグメント、及びこれらの変異体よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種と、(B)α-ガラクトシルセラミドとを含む、I型糖尿病の予防又は治療のための製剤。
項2. 前記(A)成分が、プロインスリン、インスリンB鎖、これらのフラグメント、及びこれらの変異体よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、項1に記載の製剤。
項3. 前記(B)成分が、KRN7000である、項1又は2に記載の製剤。
項4. 前記(B)成分が、リポソームに包含されている、項1~3のいずれかに記載の製剤。
項5. 前記(A)成分及び(B)成分が、リポソームに包含されている、項1~4のいずれかに記載の製剤。
項6. I型糖尿病の予防に使用される、項1~5のいずれかに記載の製剤。
項7. 皮下投与又は腹腔内投与形態で投与される、項1~6のいずれかに記載の製剤。
項8. I型糖尿病の予防又は治療方法であって、
(A)プロインスリン、インスリン、インスリンA鎖、インスリンB鎖、これらのフラグメント、及びこれらの変異体よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種と、(B)α-ガラクトシルセラミドとを含む製剤を用い、
前記製剤のI型糖尿病の予防又は治療に有効量を、I型糖尿病の予防又は治療が必要とされるヒトに投与する、I型糖尿病の予防又は治療方法。
項9. 前記(A)成分が、プロインスリン、インスリンB鎖、これらのフラグメント、及びこれらの変異体よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、項8に記載の予防又は治療方法。
項10. 前記(B)成分が、KRN7000である、項8又は9に記載の予防又は治療方法。
項11. 前記(B)成分が、リポソームに包含されている、項8~10のいずれかに記載の予防又は治療方法。
項12. 前記(A)成分及び(B)成分が、リポソームに包含されている、項8~11のいずれかに記載の予防又は治療方法。
項13. 前記ヒトが、I型糖尿病の予防が必要とされるヒトである、項8~12のいずれかに記載の予防又は治療方法。
項14. 前記製剤が、皮下投与又は腹腔内投与形態で投与される、項8~13のいずれかに記載の予防又は治療方法。
項15. I型糖尿病の予防又は治療剤の製造のための、(A)プロインスリン、インスリン、インスリンA鎖、インスリンB鎖、これらのフラグメント、及びこれらの変異体よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種と(B)α-ガラクトシルセラミドとを含む製剤の使用。
本発明の製剤は、(A)成分として、プロインスリン、インスリン、インスリンA鎖、インスリンB鎖、これらのフラグメント、及びこれらの変異体よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含有する。
本発明の製剤は、I型糖尿病の予防又は治療のために使用される医薬である。(A)成分はこの目的達成のためにターゲットとなる分子であり、インスリンだけでなく、GAD65、IA-2といった別の膵島由来タンパク質も考えられるし、さらにT細胞エピトープの探索研究から発見されたIGRPやZnT8等も考えられたところである。しかしながら本発明者らは、このなかでもプロインスリン、インスリン、インスリンA鎖、インスリンB鎖、これらのフラグメント、及びこれらの変異体が(A)成分として極めて有用であり、後述するα-GalCer含有リポソームに内包されることで、顕著にI型糖尿病の予防又は治療効果を発揮することを発見したのである。
本発明において、(B)成分として用いられるα-GalCerとは、ガラクトースとセラミドとがα配位にて結合したスフィンゴ糖脂質であり、具体的には、WO94/09020、WO94/02168、WO94/24142、WO98/44928、Science, 278, p.1626-1629, 1997等に開示されているものが例示される。本発明において、I型糖尿病の予防又は治療効果を一層高めるという観点から、α-GalCerとして、KRN7000、即ち、(2S,3S,4R)-1-O-(α-D-ガラクトピラノシル)-2-ヘキサコサノイルアミノ-1,3,4-オクタデカントリオールが好適に使用される。
本発明の製剤において、上記(A)成分と(B)成分の比率としては、特に制限されないが、例えば、上記(A)成分の総量100重量部当たり、上記(B)成分の総量(α-GalCer重量に換算)が0.1~10,000重量部、好ましくは1~1,000重量部、更に好ましくは10~500重量部が挙げられる。
本発明の製剤は、上記(A)成分と(B)成分が同一製剤として含まれるものであってもよく、また上記(A)成分と(B)成分がそれぞれ別々に製剤化されており、用時に混合してから投与されるか、又はこれらを別々に順次投与されるように設計されていてもよい。使用簡便性の観点から、上記(A)成分と(B)成分が同一製剤として含まれるものが好適である。
本発明の製剤は、皮下投与、筋肉内投与、静脈内投与、腹腔内投与、関節内投与、粘膜投与等で投与される。これらの投与形態の中でも、好ましくは、皮下投与、筋肉内投与及び腹腔内投与が挙げられ、最も好ましくは、皮下投与または腹腔内投与である。とりわけ、本発明の製剤は、皮下投与又は腹腔内投与することによって、I型糖尿病の予防又は治療効果がより一層効果的になる。
本発明の製剤によって誘導される免疫抑制系サイトカインは、本発明の製剤によって誘導される抗原特異的な調節性T細胞(regulatory T Cell)による分泌に起因していると推測される。
L-α-Phosphatidylcholine, Dioleoyl(DOPC:和光純薬)、1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-[Phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)](Sodium Salt)(DOPG: 和光純薬)、Cholesterol (plant derived)(Avanti)をモル比にして5:2:3の割合で混合した後10 mgをクロロホルム/メタノール(容量比1:1)溶媒1000 μlに溶解した。また、α-GalCer 0.2 mgは別にクロロホルム/メタノール溶媒100 μlに溶解した。両者を混合した後エバポレーターで有機溶媒を除去しナス型フラスコ底面にα-GalCerを含む脂質の薄膜を形成した。さらに真空デシケーター内で一晩乾燥させることにより有機溶媒を完全に除去した。これに、ヒトインスリンB鎖のフラグメント(B:9-23)(以下、インスリンBペプチドと表記することもある)1 mg/mlを含む50 mM Tris-HCl緩衝液(pH 8.5)を加え、ボルテックス処理によって脂質薄膜を完全に水和させた。凍結融解処理を4回以上行った後、200 nmポリカーボネイト膜(Avanti)に複数回通した。最後に、透析によって非内包ペプチドを完全に除去し、インスリンBペプチド内包型α-GalCer含有リポソームを含む溶液(以下、インスリンBペプチドGalCerリポソーム溶液)を調製した。当該インスリンBペプチドGalCerリポソーム溶液は、α-GalCerの最終濃度が200 μg/ml且つインスリンBペプチド(B:9-23)の最終濃度が500 μg/mlである。
1.材料と方法
1-1.インスリンBペプチド内包型α-GalCerリポソームの作製と投与サンプル調製
実施例1で作製したインスリンBペプチド内包型α-GalCer含有リポソームを使用した。実施例1で作製したインスリンBペプチドGalCerリポソーム溶液10 μl(α-GalCer換算で2μg、インスリンBペプチド換算で5μg)と生理食塩水90 μlを混合して、投与サンプルを調製した。
L-α-Phosphatidylcholine, Dioleoyl(DOPC:和光純薬)、1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-[Phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)](Sodium Salt)(DOPG: 和光純薬)、Cholesterol (plant derived)(Avanti)をモル比にして5:2:3の割合で混合した後10 mgをクロロホルム/メタノール(容量比1:1)溶媒1000 μlに溶解し、エバポレーターで有機溶媒を除去しナス型フラスコ底面に脂質薄膜を形成した。さらに真空デシケーター内で一晩乾燥させることにより有機溶媒を完全に除去した。これに、インスリンB鎖のフラグメント(B:9-23)(以下、インスリンBペプチドと表記することもある)3 mg/mlを含む50 mM Tris-HCl緩衝液(pH 8.5)1 mlを加え、ボルテックス処理によって脂質薄膜を完全に水和させた。凍結融解処理を4回以上行った後、200 nmポリカーボネイト膜(Avanti)に複数回通した。最後に、透析によって非内包ペプチドを完全に除去し、インスリンBペプチド内包型リポソームを含む溶液(以下、インスリンBペプチドリポソーム溶液)を調製した。当該リポソーム溶液は、インスリンBペプチド(B:9-23)の最終濃度が500 μg/mlである。
斯して得られたリポソーム溶液10 μl(ペプチド換算で5μg)と生理食塩水90 μlを混合して投与サンプルを調製した。
L-α-Phosphatidylcholine, Dioleoyl(DOPC:和光純薬)、1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-[Phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)](Sodium Salt)(DOPG: 和光純薬)、Cholesterol (plant derived)(Avanti)をモル比にして5:2:3の割合で混合した後10 mgをクロロホルム/メタノール(容量比1:1)溶媒1000 μlに溶解した。また、α-GalCer 0.2 mgは別にクロロホルム/メタノール溶媒100 μlに溶解した。両者を混合した後エバポレーターで有機溶媒を除去しナス型フラスコ底面にα-GalCerを含む脂質の薄膜を形成した。さらに真空デシケーター内で一晩乾燥させることにより有機溶媒を完全に除去した。OVAペプチド(Ovalbumin peptide, 323-339)1 mg/mlを含む滅菌蒸留水を加え、ボルテックス処理によって脂質薄膜を完全に水和させた。凍結融解処理を4回以上行った後、200 nmポリカーボネイト膜(Avanti)に複数回通した。最後に、透析によって非内包ペプチドを完全に除去し、OVAペプチド内包型α-GalCerリポソームを含む溶液(以下、OVAペプチドGalCerリポソーム溶液)を調製した。当該リポソーム溶液は、α-GalCerの最終濃度が200 μg/ml且つOVAペプチドの最終濃度が500 μg/mlである。
斯して得られたリポソーム溶液10 μl(α-GalCer換算で2 μg、OVAペプチド換算で5μg)と生理食塩水90 μlを混合して投与サンプルを調製した。
I型糖尿病のモデルマウスであるNODマウス(NOD/ShiLtJ, The Jackson Laboratory, CA, USA)に対して、I型糖尿病の発症前である4週齢から8週齢の間に週2回ずつ投与サンプル100μlを腹腔内投与し、隔週で血中のグルコース濃度を測定した。試験群は、1)薬剤非投与群(生理食塩水投与群)、2)インスリンBペプチド内包型α-GalCerリポソーム投与群、3)インスリンBペプチド内包型リポソーム投与群、及び4)OVAペプチド内包型α-GalCerリポソーム投与群の5群に分けて、1群あたり10匹のマウスを用いた。グルコース濃度測定には糖尿病患者が使用する市販の血糖値測定装置(ACCU-CHEK Aviva、ロッシュ社)を使用した。糖尿病発症の判定方法は、血中グルコース濃度が250mg/dL以上示した場合に発症とし、発症率は同一のサンプルを投与したマウス群の中で発症した個体の占める割合(%)で示した。なお、試験に使用した各投与サンプルの模式構造を図1に示す。
I型糖尿病の発症率を経時的に評価した結果を図2に示す。図2から分かるように、薬剤非投与群(三角)は、11週から12週にかけて症状を呈し始め、16週から17週には約半数が発症し、24週目には約8割のマウスが糖尿病を発症した。これに対して、インスリンBペプチド内包型α-GalCerリポソーム投与群(四角)は血糖値の上昇を示さず、24週を経過した時点において100%の発症予防効果を示した。他方、インスリンBペプチド内包型リポソーム投与群(白抜き丸)は、薬剤非投与群よりも発症遅延に寄与したが、24週目には約4割のマウスが糖尿病を発症した。また非インスリンペプチドであるOVAペプチドを内包したOVAペプチド内包型α-GalCerリポソーム投与群(米印)は薬剤非投与群よりも発症遅延に寄与したものの、その後は薬剤非投与群よりも発症を早め、24週目には約6割のマウスが糖尿病を発症した。以上の結果から、I型糖尿病の発症予防にはインスリンペプチドとα-GalCerの組み合せが重要であり、インスリンBペプチド内包型α-GalCerリポソームは有効的かつ効果的なI型糖尿病発症予防薬になり得ることが確認された。
1.材料と方法
1-1.インスリンBペプチド内包型α-GalCerリポソームの作製と投与サンプル調製
実施例2で作製したインスリンBペプチド内包型α-GalCer含有リポソームを使用した。インスリンBペプチド内包型α-GalCer含有リポソームを含むリポソーム溶液10μl(α-GalCer換算で2μg、インスリンBペプチド換算で5μg)と生理食塩水90μlを混合して、投与サンプルを調製した。
実施例で作製したインスリンBペプチド内包型リポソームを使用した。インスリンBペプチド内包型リポソームを含むリポソーム溶液10μl(インスリンBペプチド換算で5μg)と生理食塩水90μlを混合して、投与サンプルを調製した。
L-α-Phosphatidylcholine, Dioleoyl(DOPC:和光純薬)、1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-[Phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)](Sodium Salt)(DOPG: 和光純薬)、Cholesterol (plant derived)(Avanti)をモル比にして5:2:3の割合で混合した後10 mgをクロロホルム/メタノール(容量比1:1)溶媒1000 μlに溶解した。また、α-GalCer 0.2 mgは別にクロロホルム/メタノール溶媒100 μlに溶解した。両者を混合した後エバポレーターで有機溶媒を除去しナス型フラスコ底面にα-GalCerを含む脂質の薄膜を形成した。さらに真空デシケーター内で一晩乾燥させることにより有機溶媒を完全に除去した。蒸留水を加えボルテックス処理と超音波処理によって脂質薄膜を完全に水和させた。最後に、200 nmポリカーボネイト膜(Avanti)に複数回通し、α-GalCer含有リポソームを含む溶液(以下、GalCerリポソーム溶液)を調製した。当該リポソーム溶液は、α-GalCerの最終濃度が200 μg/mlである。
斯して得られたリポソーム溶液10 μl(α-GalCer換算で2 μg)と生理食塩水90 μlを混合して投与サンプルを調製した。
α-GalCer(KRN7000粉末)3 mgにジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)3 mlを加え、80℃の高温層中にて溶解した。ここに0.5 % Tween 80を含むPBS(-) 12 mlを加え混合した。これによりα-GalCerの最終濃度を200μg/mlとし、これをストック溶液とした。斯して得られたストック溶液10μl(α-GalCer換算で2μg)と生理食塩水 90μlを混合して投与サンプルを調製した。
I型糖尿病自然発症モデルであるNODマウス(NOD/ShiJcl, CLEA Japan Inc., Tokyo, Japan)に対して、I型糖尿病の発症前である5週齢から10週齢の間に週2回ずつ投与サンプル100μlを腹腔内投与し、13週齢マウスより脾臓を摘出後、脾臓細胞を調製し細胞培養を行った。試験薬投与群は、1)薬剤非投与群(生理食塩水投与群)、2)インスリンBペプチド内包型α-GalCerリポソーム投与群、3)インスリンBペプチド内包型リポソーム投与群、4)α-GalCerリポソーム投与群、5)α-GalCer溶液投与群の5群とし、N = 2~3で行った。各投与群から脾臓細胞を調製した後、各細胞に対して細胞増殖を調べる際に用いるCFSE(carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester)色素を加え常法に従い反応と洗浄除去を行った。最後に抗原特異性を調べるためCFSE標識した各細胞に対して、a) 抗原なし、b)インスリンBペプチド、c)非インスリンペプチド(OVAペプチド)をそれぞれ添加しCO2インキュベーター内で4日間培養した。培養の後、培養細胞と培養上清を回収し、細胞に対してはCD4(+)Foxp3(+)細胞中のCFSE増加をFACS解析し、上清については上清中のサイトカイン産生量を測定した。また、培養上清中のIL-2及びIL-10の濃度についても測定した。
各種薬剤を投与したNODマウスより脾臓細胞を調製し、インスリンBペプチド添加培養による抗原特異的なTreg細胞の増殖を解析した。薬剤非投与群では、培養後のCD4(+)Foxp3(+)細胞中のCFSE増殖細胞の割合は、抗原非添加で約55%、インスリンBペプチド添加で約51%であり、インスリンBペプチド特異的Treg細胞の増殖は認められなかった(図3A上段)。これに対しインスリンBペプチド内包型α-GalCerリポソーム投与群は、抗原非添加で約45%、インスリンBペプチド添加で約64%であり、インスリンBペプチドの添加によるTreg細胞の抗原特異的な増殖が認められた(図3A下段)。抗原非添加による増殖細胞の割合とインスリンBペプチド添加による増殖細胞の割合を比率で表したところ(図3B)、薬剤非投与群が0.93であったのに対し、インスリンBペプチド内包型α-GalCerリポソーム投与群は1.43と薬剤非投与群に対して1.5倍以上も多くTreg細胞の増殖が惹起されることが示された。また、インスリンBペプチド含有リポソーム投与群は薬剤非投与群に対して0.90、α-GalCerリポソーム投与群が1.02、α-GalCer溶液投与群が1.04であり、いずれも抗原特異的なTreg細胞の増殖は認められなかった。
1.材料と方法
1-1.インスリン内包型α-GalCerリポソームの作製と投与サンプル調製
L-α-Phosphatidylcholine, Dioleoyl(DOPC: Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc.)、1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(DPPC: Avanti)、1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol, sodium salt(DOPG: Avanti)、1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol, sodium salt(DPPG: Avanti), Cholesterol (plant derived)(Avanti)をモル比にして1.5:1.5:1.5:1.5: 4の割合で混合した後、当該混合物50 mgをクロロホルム/メタノール(容量比1:1)溶媒に溶解した。窒素ガス気流下でエバポレーターを用い有機溶媒を除去し、更に残留有機溶媒を凍結乾燥法にて完全に除去した。乾燥した脂質混合物を50℃の90% tert-ブタノールに溶解し、α-GalCerを5重量%となるように加え溶解し凍結後、凍結乾燥により乾燥させた。次いで、インスリン溶液(recombinant human insulin, インビトロジェン社製、10 mM HCl/2% glycine) 2.5 mlを乾燥した脂質混合物に加え完全に水和した後、凍結融解処理を3回行った。この溶液を800 nmポリカーボネイト膜(Avanti)に5回通した後、引き続き、200 nmポリカーボネイト膜(Avanti)に5回通し粒子径を揃えた。ここに5倍量のPBSを加えpHを7付近にすることで内包されなかったインスリンの沈殿物を生じさせ、10,000 rpm 15分間の遠心分離に供し、内包されなかったインスリンを分離除去した。最後に、PBSで10倍に希釈しインスリン内包型α-GalCer含有リポソームを含む溶液(以下、インスリンGalCerリポソーム溶液)を調製した。当該リポソーム溶液は、α-GalCerの最終濃度が20 μg/ml且つインスリンの最終濃度が200 μg/mlである。
NODマウス(NOD/ShiLtJ, The Jackson Laboratory, CA, USA)に対して、I型糖尿病の発症前である4週齢から8週齢の間に週2回ずつ、上記1-1で調製したインスリン内包型α-GalCerリポソーム溶液 50μlを皮下投与、尾静脈投与、または腹腔内投与し、隔週で血中のグルコース濃度を測定した。血中のグルコース濃度測定には糖尿病患者が使用する市販の血糖値測定装置(ACCU-CHEK Aviva、ロッシュ社)を使用した。糖尿病発症の判定方法は、血中グルコース濃度が250 mg/dL以上示した場合に発症とし、発症率は同一のサンプルを投与したマウス群の中で発症した個体の占める割合(%)で示した。
I型糖尿病の発症率を経時的に評価した結果を図4に示す。薬剤非投与群(黒丸)は、9週から10週にかけて症状を呈し始め、14週から15週には約半数が発症し、24週目には70%のマウスが糖尿病を発症した。これに対して、インスリン内包型α-GalCerリポソームを皮下投与した群(四角)では、発症が18週から19週になり(発症遅延)、また24週目において発症したマウスは25%であり発症率が有意に低下することが示された。同様の効果は腹腔内投与群(白抜き丸)でも認められ、発症は11週から12週、発症率は24週目の時点で25%に低下した。一方、尾静脈投与群(白抜き四角)では、若干の発症遅延と発症率低下(24週目発症率62%)を示したものの、皮下投与と腹腔内投与に比べると効果が弱いことが明らかとなった。
1.材料と方法
1-1.インスリン内包型α-GalCerリポソームの作製と投与サンプル調製
実施例4で作製したインスリン内包型α-GalCer含有リポソームを投与サンプルとして使用した。
L-α-Phosphatidylcholine, Dioleoyl(DOPC: Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc.)、1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(DPPC: Avanti)、1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol, sodium salt(DOPG: Avanti)、1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol, sodium salt(DPPG: Avanti)、及びCholesterol (plant derived)(Avanti)をモル比にして1.5:1.5:1.5:1.5: 4の割合で混合した後50 mgをクロロホルム/メタノール(容量比1:1)溶媒に溶解した。窒素ガス気流下でエバポレーターを用い有機溶媒を除去し、更に残留有機溶媒を凍結乾燥法にて完全に除去した。インスリン溶液(recombinant human insulin, インビトロジェン社製、10 mM HCl/2% glycine) 2.5 mlを乾燥した脂質混合物に加え完全に水和した後、凍結融解処理を3回行った。この溶液を800 nmポリカーボネイト膜(Avanti)に5回通した後、引き続き、200 nmポリカーボネイト膜(Avanti)に5回通し粒子径を揃えた。ここに5倍量のPBSを加えpHを7付近にすることで内包されなかったインスリンの沈殿物を生じさせ、10,000 rpm 15分間の遠心分離に供し、内包されなかったインスリンを分離除去した。最後にPBSで10倍に希釈しインスリン内包型リポソームを含む溶液(以下、インスリンリポソーム溶液)を調製した。当該リポソーム溶液は、インスリンの最終濃度が200 μg/mlである。
L-α-Phosphatidylcholine, Dioleoyl(DOPC: Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc.)、1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(DPPC: Avanti)、1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol, sodium salt(DOPG: Avanti)、1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol, sodium salt(DPPG: Avanti), Cholesterol (plant derived)(Avanti)をモル比にして1.5:1.5:1.5:1.5: 4の割合で混合した後50 mgをクロロホルム/メタノール(容量比1:1)溶媒に溶解した。窒素ガス気流下でエバポレーターを用い有機溶媒を除去し、更に残留有機溶媒を凍結乾燥法にて完全に除去した。乾燥した脂質混合物を50℃の90% tert-ブタノールに溶解し、α-GalCerを5重量%となるように加え溶解し凍結後、凍結乾燥により乾燥させた。10 mM HCl/2% glycine溶液2.5 mlを乾燥した脂質混合物に加え完全に水和した後、凍結融解処理を3回行った。この溶液を800 nmポリカーボネイト膜(Avanti)に5回通した後、引き続き、200 nmポリカーボネイト膜(Avanti)に5回通し粒子径を揃えた。ここに5倍量のPBSを加えpHを7付近にし、最後にPBSで10倍に希釈しα-GalCer含有リポソームを含む溶液(以下、GalCerリポソーム溶液)を調製した。当該リポソーム溶液は、α-GalCerの最終濃度が20 μg/mlである。
I型糖尿病は、インスリンを産生する膵島が自己免疫系によって攻撃・破壊され発症するが、この破壊には膵β細胞を特異的に認識し攻撃する細胞傷害性T細胞(CTL)が関与する。従って、当該CTLの産生抑制及び不活性化は膵島破壊を防ぐことと同義であり、I型糖尿病の発症予防や進行抑制に繋がる。そこで本試験では、各製剤投与による膵β細胞特異的CTLの産生抑制効果を評価した。測定方法には、膵β細胞特異的CTLの産生を定量的に分析することが可能なテトラマー法(参考文献:Prediction of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice by quantification of autoreactive T cells in peripheral blood. Trudeau JD, Kelly-Smith C, Verchere CB, Elliott JF, Dutz JP, Finegood DT, Santamaria P, Tan R. J Clin Invest. 2003 Jan;111(2):217-23.)を用い、各製剤を投与したNODマウスから単離した末梢血単核球(PBMC)中に存在する当該CTLを細胞解析(FACS解析)によって評価した。
PBMC中のB220(-)CD8(+)細胞中に存在するNRP-V7(+)細胞、即ち膵β細胞特異的CTLの割合(%)を求めた結果を図5に示す。薬剤非投与群は当該CTLの割合が1.25%以上であったのに対し、インスリン内包型α-GalCerリポソーム投与群は約0.6%と有意な産生抑制効果を示した。この割合はI型糖尿病を発症する前のNODマウスの測定値と同値であることから、インスリン内包型α-GalCerリポソームの投与は膵β細胞特異的CTLの産生を完全に抑制し得ることが明らかとなった。一方、インスリン内包リポソーム投与群とα-GalCerリポソーム投与群は、それぞれ1.0%と1.25%と、薬剤非投与群とほぼ同値であった。このことは、インスリン又はα-GalCerの単体投与では当該CTLの産生を十分に抑制することは出来ず、薬効には両者の組み合わせが重要であることを示している。
(1)ヒトインスリンBペプチド内包型α-GalCer含有リポソーム製剤
実施例1で得られたヒトインスリンBペプチド内包型α-GalCer含有リポソームと生理食塩水とを混合し、ヒトインスリンBペプチド内包型α-GalCer含有リポソーム製剤を調製する。
(2)ヒトインスリン内包型α-GalCer含有リポソーム製剤
上記(1)におけるヒトインスリンBペプチド内包型α-GalCer含有リポソームを実施例4で製造したヒトインスリン内包型α-GalCer含有リポソームにした以外は上記(1)と同様の方法で、ヒトインスリン内包型α-GalCer含有リポソーム製剤を調製する。
(3)ヒトプロインスリン内包型α-GalCer含有リポソーム製剤
実施例4において、ヒトインスリンをヒトプロインスリンに変更した以外は実施例4と同様の方法で製造したヒトプロインスリン内包型α-GalCer含有リポソームを生理食塩水と混合し、ヒトプロインスリン内包型α-GalCer含有リポソーム製剤を得る。
実施例6で得られるヒトインスリンBペプチド内包型α-GalCer含有リポソーム製剤、ヒトインスリン内包型α-GalCer含有リポソーム製剤、ヒトプロインスリン内包型α-GalCer含有リポソーム製剤のいずれかは、対象患者に対し通常、α-GalCerとして1回体重1kgあたり0.01~1.0mgを週1~3回、1~6週間、皮下投与の条件で投与する。
Claims (15)
- (A)プロインスリン、インスリン、インスリンA鎖、インスリンB鎖、これらのフラグメント、及びこれらの変異体よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種と、(B)α-ガラクトシルセラミドとを含む、I型糖尿病の予防又は治療のための製剤。
- 前記(A)成分が、プロインスリン、インスリンB鎖、これらのフラグメント、及びこれらの変異体よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項1に記載の製剤。
- 前記(B)成分が、KRN7000である、請求項1又は2に記載の製剤。
- 前記(B)成分が、リポソームに包含されている、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の製剤。
- 前記(A)成分及び(B)成分が、リポソームに包含されている、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の製剤。
- I型糖尿病の予防に使用される、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の製剤。
- 皮下投与又は腹腔内投与形態で投与される、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の製剤。
- I型糖尿病の予防又は治療方法であって、
(A)プロインスリン、インスリン、インスリンA鎖、インスリンB鎖、これらのフラグメント、及びこれらの変異体よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種と、(B)α-ガラクトシルセラミドとを含む製剤を用い、
前記製剤のI型糖尿病の予防又は治療に有効量を、I型糖尿病の予防又は治療が必要とされるヒトに投与する、I型糖尿病の予防又は治療方法。 - 前記(A)成分が、プロインスリン、インスリンB鎖、これらのフラグメント、及びこれらの変異体よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項8に記載の予防又は治療方法。
- 前記(B)成分が、KRN7000である、請求項8又は9に記載の予防又は治療方法。
- 前記(B)成分が、リポソームに包含されている、請求項8~10のいずれかに記載の予防又は治療方法。
- 前記(A)成分及び(B)成分が、リポソームに包含されている、請求項8~11のいずれかに記載の予防又は治療方法。
- 前記ヒトが、I型糖尿病の予防が必要とされるヒトである、請求項8~12のいずれかに記載の予防又は治療方法。
- 前記製剤が、皮下投与又は腹腔内投与形態で投与される、請求項8~13のいずれかに記載の予防又は治療方法。
- I型糖尿病の予防又は治療剤の製造のための、(A)プロインスリン、インスリン、インスリンA鎖、インスリンB鎖、これらのフラグメント、及びこれらの変異体よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種と(B)α-ガラクトシルセラミドとを含む製剤の使用。
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| SG11201501289TA SG11201501289TA (en) | 2012-08-22 | 2013-08-22 | Preparation for preventing or treating type i diabetes |
| CA2882553A CA2882553A1 (en) | 2012-08-22 | 2013-08-22 | Preparation for preventing or treating type i diabetes |
| AU2013306767A AU2013306767A1 (en) | 2012-08-22 | 2013-08-22 | Preparation for preventing or treating type I diabetes |
| JP2014531669A JP6283809B2 (ja) | 2012-08-22 | 2013-08-22 | I型糖尿病の予防又は治療のための製剤 |
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| GB201818517D0 (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2018-12-26 | Univ Liverpool John Moores | Nanoparticles and uses thereof |
| CN114957393B (zh) * | 2022-04-12 | 2023-06-13 | 苏州星际偶联生物科技有限公司 | 一种多肽及其作为嗅觉受体拮抗剂的应用 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US12037357B2 (en) | 2021-03-01 | 2024-07-16 | Deciduous Therapeutics, Inc. | Compounds for activating invariant natural killer T-cells and methods of use in eliminating inflammatory senescent cells |
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| JPWO2014030708A1 (ja) | 2016-07-28 |
| AU2013306767A1 (en) | 2015-03-12 |
| CA2882553A1 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
| EP2889039A4 (en) | 2016-03-30 |
| US20150238572A1 (en) | 2015-08-27 |
| US9821035B2 (en) | 2017-11-21 |
| EP2889039B1 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
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