WO2014021455A1 - 免疫細胞の活性化抑制剤およびその用途 - Google Patents
免疫細胞の活性化抑制剤およびその用途 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014021455A1 WO2014021455A1 PCT/JP2013/071028 JP2013071028W WO2014021455A1 WO 2014021455 A1 WO2014021455 A1 WO 2014021455A1 JP 2013071028 W JP2013071028 W JP 2013071028W WO 2014021455 A1 WO2014021455 A1 WO 2014021455A1
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- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
- A61K31/17—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having the group >N—C(O)—N< or >N—C(S)—N<, e.g. urea, thiourea, carmustine
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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- A61P17/02—Drugs for dermatological disorders for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
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- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
- A61P17/06—Antipsoriatics
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
- A61P17/08—Antiseborrheics
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
- A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
- A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an immune cell activation inhibitor, and further relates to a nerve cell protective agent, a drug for neurological diseases and a drug for systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome.
- Cerebral infarction, brain injury, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and the like are known as intractable neurological diseases accompanied by neuronal cell death.
- an increase in these diseases has been regarded as a problem, and research on prevention and treatment is underway.
- current medicines are not sufficient, and there is a need for development of medicines that exhibit a wide range of excellent therapeutic effects for these diseases.
- sepsis secondary to peritonitis or the like is known as a disease with a very high fatality rate.
- intensive treatment for general respiratory circulatory function is mainly performed at present, and in addition to this, antibacterial drugs are being used.
- antibacterial drugs are being used.
- Hideki Mochizuki “Treatment and Pathology of Parkinson's Disease”, Clinical Neurology, 2010; 50: 623-627 Kumar, A. et al., A survival benefit of combination antibiotic treatment for serious infections associated with sepsis and septic shock is contingent only on the risk of death: A meta-analytic / meta-regression study 2011 : 1651-1664. Pieracci, F. M. and Barie, P. S., Management of severe sepsis of abdominal origin. Scandinavian Journal of Surgery 2007; 96: 184-196. Ballard, C, et al. Alzheimer ’s disease. Lancet, 2011; 377: 1019-1031
- an object of the present invention is to provide a medicine that can be widely used for intractable neurological diseases, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, inflammatory skin diseases, and the like.
- the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention comprises bromovalerylurea or a derivative thereof.
- the nerve cell protective agent of the present invention is characterized by including the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention.
- the neurological disease medicament of the present invention is characterized by containing the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention.
- the medicament for inflammatory diseases of the present invention is characterized by comprising the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention.
- activation of immune cells can be suppressed by containing bromvalerylurea or a derivative thereof. Since bromvalerylurea or a derivative thereof can suppress the activation of the immune cells in this way, it can be used, for example, for the treatment of neurological diseases accompanied by neuronal cell death or the treatment of inflammatory diseases. For this reason, it can be said that the present invention is extremely useful in the field of medicine.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the amount of nitric oxide produced in the culture system in Example 1, (A) is the result of the microglia single culture system, and (B) is the result of the nerve cell-microglia coculture system. It is.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the transcription amount of nitric oxide synthase mRNA in Example 1 in a microglia single culture system.
- FIG. 3 (A) is a graph showing the expression level of MAP2 in the nerve cell-microglia co-culture system in Example 1
- FIG. 3 (B) is a graph showing one expression level in the microglia single culture system in Example 1.
- FIG. 3 (C) is a graph showing the expression level of nitric oxide synthase in the nerve cell-microglia co-culture system in Example 1.
- FIG. 4 (A) is a graph showing the expression level of tyrosine hydroxylase in the model rat in Example 1
- FIG. 4 (B) shows the time until the model rat falls from the rotating rod in Example 1. It is a graph showing the total rotation speed of the required rotation rod.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the ratio of brain tissue loss in model rats in Example 2.
- FIG. 6 (A) is a graph showing the expression level of nitric oxide synthase in the culture system in Example 2
- FIG. 6 (B) is a graph showing the production amount of nitric oxide in the culture system. is there.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the transcription amounts of mRNA of various factors in the culture system in Example 2.
- FIG. 8 (A) is a cross-sectional photograph of the brain of a brain-damaged rat in Example 2
- FIG. 8 (B) is a graph showing the rate of brain tissue loss in the brain-damaged rat.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the survival rate in Example 3.
- FIG. 10 (A) is a graph showing the IL-1 ⁇ production amount in the culture system in Example 3
- FIG. 10 (B) is a graph showing the IL-6 production amount in the culture system.
- FIG. 11 (A) is a graph showing the amount of serum IL-6 produced by a sepsis model rat in Example 3, and FIG.
- FIG. 11 (B) is a graph showing the amount of serum creatinine of the sepsis model rat.
- 12A to 12C are photographs showing the small intestine of a septic rat in Example 3.
- FIGS. 13A to 13C are photomicrographs showing the small intestine of a septic rat in Example 3.
- FIG. 14 (A) is a graph showing the expression level of nitric oxide synthase
- FIG. 14 (B) is a graph showing IL-1 ⁇ production
- FIG. 14 (C) is IL-6 production. It is a graph which shows quantity.
- 15 (A) to 15 (E) are photographs of the abdomen of a patient with inflammatory skin disease in Example 4.
- FIG. 16 (A) and 16 (B) are photographs of the inner skin of both knees of a patient with inflammatory skin disease in Example 4.
- FIG. 17 (A) and 17 (B) are photographs showing the back skin of atopic dermatitis model mice in Example 4.
- the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention is characterized by containing bromovalerylurea or a derivative thereof.
- the present invention is characterized by containing bromovalerylurea or a derivative thereof, and other configurations are not limited at all.
- Bromovaleryl urea or a derivative thereof can suppress activation of immune cells, specifically, for example, can suppress abnormal activation of immune cells.
- bromvalerylurea can suppress the activation of various immune cells as shown below, and have completed the present invention.
- microglia the brain's immune cells
- bromvalerylurea can suppress activation of microglia or macrophages that are immune cells, that is, neuronal cell damage of microglia or macrophages. .
- SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome
- bromvalerylurea can suppress the activation of immune cells, for example, suppress the accumulation of immune cells in inflamed tissues, suppress the increase in the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines, As a result, it is understood that organ damage can be reduced.
- SIRS the same can be said for various inflammatory diseases.
- Bromvaleryl urea is known as, for example, a sleep sedative, but the effect of the present invention was found by the present inventors for the first time, and is effective for various diseases by the action mechanism as described above. This is also the first finding of the present inventor.
- bromvaleryl urea is approved as a sleep sedative as mentioned above, its safety is also excellent in reliability.
- the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention can be used as, for example, a nerve cell protective agent or a nerve cell death inhibitor, as described later.
- the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention can be used, for example, as a drug for neurological diseases and a drug for inflammatory diseases.
- Examples of the immune cells include microglia and macrophages as brain immune cells.
- Bromovaleryl urea is represented by the following formula (1).
- Bromvaleryl urea is also referred to as, for example, bromovaleryl urea or bromoisoval.
- the bromvalerylurea may be, for example, a hydrate or a solvate.
- the derivative of bromovalerylurea is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include isomers or salts of bromovalerylurea of the above formula (1), which may be hydrates or solvates.
- the description regarding bromovalerylurea can be used for the derivative.
- the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention may be used, for example, in vivo or in vitro .
- the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention can be used, for example, as a research reagent or a pharmaceutical product. In the latter case, the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention can also be referred to as a pharmaceutical or pharmaceutical composition for suppressing immune cell activation.
- the administration target of the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- examples of the administration target include humans and non-human animals other than humans.
- examples of the non-human mammal include non-human animals such as mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, sheep, horses, cats, goats, monkeys, and guinea pigs.
- examples of the administration target include cells, tissues, organs, etc., and the cells include cells collected from living bodies, cultured cells, etc. can give.
- the conditions for using the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention are not particularly limited, and for example, the dosage form, administration timing, dosage, etc. can be appropriately set according to the type of administration subject.
- the amount of the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention used is not particularly limited.
- the inhibitor of immune cell activation of the present invention when used in vivo, it can be determined as appropriate depending on, for example, the type, symptom, age, and administration method of the administration target.
- the total amount of bromvalerylurea administered per day is, for example, 100 to 5000 mg, preferably 500 to 2500 mg, and the number of administrations per day is, for example, 1 to 5 times, preferably 1 to 3 times.
- the content of bromovalerylurea in the activation inhibitor is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately set according to, for example, the aforementioned administration conditions.
- the administration form of the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention is not particularly limited. When administering the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention in vivo , for example, it may be administered orally or parenterally. Examples of the parenteral administration include intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, subcutaneous administration, rectal administration, transdermal administration, intraperitoneal administration, and local administration.
- the dosage form of the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately determined according to, for example, the administration form.
- the dosage form include a liquid form and a solid form.
- examples of oral administration examples thereof include tablets, coated tablets, pills, fine granules, granules, powders, capsules, liquids, syrups, emulsions, suspensions and the like.
- examples of the dosage form include an injectable preparation and an infusion preparation.
- examples of the dosage form include external preparations such as patches, coating agents, ointments, creams and lotions.
- the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention may contain, for example, an additive as necessary.
- the additive is pharmaceutically acceptable. Additives are preferred.
- the additive is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include base materials, excipients, colorants, lubricants, binders, disintegrants, stabilizers, preservatives, and flavoring agents such as fragrances. .
- the amount of the additive is not particularly limited as long as it does not interfere with the function of the bromovalerylurea.
- excipient examples include sugar derivatives such as lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol and sorbitol; starch derivatives such as corn starch, potato starch, ⁇ starch and dextrin; cellulose derivatives such as crystalline cellulose; gum arabic; dextran; Organic excipients such as: light anhydrous silicic acid, synthetic aluminum silicate, calcium silicate, magnesium metasilicate magnesium silicate derivatives, etc .; phosphates such as calcium hydrogen phosphate; carbonates such as calcium carbonate; calcium sulfate And inorganic excipients such as sulfates.
- sugar derivatives such as lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol and sorbitol
- starch derivatives such as corn starch, potato starch, ⁇ starch and dextrin
- cellulose derivatives such as crystalline cellulose
- gum arabic dextran
- Organic excipients such as: light anhydrous silicic acid, synthetic aluminum silicate
- Examples of the lubricant include metal stearates such as stearic acid, calcium stearate and magnesium stearate; talc; polyethylene glycol; silica; hydrogenated vegetable oil and the like.
- Examples of the flavoring agent include flavors such as cocoa powder, mint brain, aroma powder, mint oil, dragon brain, and cinnamon powder, sweeteners, and acidulants.
- Examples of the binder include hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, macrogol and the like.
- disintegrant examples include cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose calcium; chemically modified starches such as carboxymethyl starch, sodium carboxymethyl starch, and crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone; and chemically modified celluloses.
- stabilizer examples include paraoxybenzoates such as methylparaben and propylparaben; alcohols such as chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, and phenylethyl alcohol; benzalkonium chloride; phenols such as phenol and cresol; thimerosal; dehydroacetic acid Sorbic acid and the like.
- the nerve cell protective agent of the present invention is characterized by containing the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention.
- the nerve cell protective agent of the present invention can also be referred to as, for example, a nerve cell degeneration inhibitor.
- the present invention is characterized by containing the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention, that is, containing bromovalerylurea or a derivative thereof, and other configurations are not limited at all.
- the description of the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention can be used for the protective agent for nerve cells of the present invention.
- the medicament for neurological diseases of the present invention comprises the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention.
- the present invention is characterized by containing the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention, that is, containing bromovalerylurea or a derivative thereof, and other configurations are not limited at all.
- the description of the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention can be incorporated into the medicament for neurological diseases of the present invention.
- the pharmaceutical for neurological diseases of the present invention can be used for prevention, treatment and / or improvement of prognosis of neurological diseases.
- the medicament for neurological diseases of the present invention can also be referred to as, for example, a therapeutic agent, preventive agent or ameliorating agent for neurological diseases.
- Examples of the neurological diseases that are the subject of the present invention include refractory neurological diseases, and specific examples include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, spinocerebellar degeneration, multiple system atrophy.
- Chronic neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis, and acute neurological diseases such as cerebral infarction, brain injury, cerebral hemorrhage, spinal cord injury, spinal cord ischemia.
- the medicament for inflammatory diseases of the present invention comprises the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention.
- the present invention is characterized by containing the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention, that is, containing bromovalerylurea or a derivative thereof, and other configurations are not limited at all.
- the description of the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention can be incorporated into the medicament for inflammatory diseases of the present invention.
- the medicament for inflammatory diseases of the present invention can be used for prevention, treatment and / or improvement of prognosis of inflammatory diseases.
- the inflammatory disease is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include SIRS and inflammatory skin disease.
- SIRS includes, for example, a disease that causes SIRS and a disease associated with SIRS such as disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (DIC).
- DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome
- the disease include sepsis, septic shock associated with sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), reactive lymphoproliferation, and the like.
- the diseases include burns, acute pancreatitis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, surgery, multiple trauma, etc. as pathological conditions accompanied by production of a large amount of cytokines.
- the pharmaceutical for inflammatory diseases of the present invention is, for example, a pharmaceutical for SIRS, and can also be referred to as a therapeutic agent, preventive agent, or ameliorating agent for the disease.
- the inflammatory skin disease is not particularly limited, and for example, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, psoriasis, eczema, diaper dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, Vidal lichen, self-sensitizing skin Examples include inflammation, senile xeroderma, photodermatoses, blistering, keloid, erythroderma, drug eruption and poisoning eruption.
- the medicament for inflammatory diseases of the present invention is, for example, a medicament for inflammatory skin diseases, and can also be referred to as a therapeutic, preventive or ameliorating agent for the above-mentioned diseases.
- the method for inhibiting activation of immune cells of the present invention is characterized by administering the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention to the administration subject.
- the present invention is characterized in that the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention is administered, and other configurations are not limited at all.
- the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention is as described above.
- the administration conditions of the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention are not particularly limited, and are the same as those described for the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention.
- the method for protecting nerve cells of the present invention is characterized in that the nerve cell protecting agent of the present invention is administered to an administration subject.
- the nerve cell protection method of the present invention can also be referred to as, for example, a nerve cell degeneration suppression method.
- the present invention is characterized in that the nerve cell protective agent of the present invention is administered, and other configurations are not limited at all.
- the nerve cell protective agent of the present invention is as described above.
- the administration conditions of the nerve cell protective agent of the present invention are not particularly limited, and are the same as described in the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention.
- the neurological disease treatment method of the present invention is characterized in that the neurological disease medicament of the present invention is administered to an administration subject.
- the present invention is characterized by administering the medicament for neurological diseases of the present invention, and other configurations are not limited at all.
- the medicament for neurological diseases of the present invention is as described above.
- the administration conditions of the drug for neurological diseases of the present invention are not particularly limited, and are the same as those described in the immune cell activation inhibitor of the present invention.
- the method for treating an inflammatory disease of the present invention is characterized in that the inflammatory disease medicament of the present invention is administered to an administration subject.
- the present invention is characterized in that the pharmaceutical agent for inflammatory diseases of the present invention is administered, and other configurations are not limited at all.
- the medicament for inflammatory diseases of the present invention is as described above.
- the administration conditions of the medicament for inflammatory diseases of the present invention are not particularly limited, and are the same as those described for the medicament for inflammatory diseases of the present invention.
- the present invention is bromovalerylurea or a derivative thereof for suppressing activation of the immune cells, and is bromovalerylurea or a derivative thereof for protecting or suppressing degeneration of the nerve cells, and also for the treatment of the neurological disease Bromvalerylurea or a derivative thereof for use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
- the present invention is the use of bromovalerylurea or a derivative thereof for the manufacture of the various pharmaceuticals.
- treatment includes, for example, the meaning of disease prevention, disease treatment, and improvement of disease prognosis.
- MG neonatal rat primary cultured microglia
- LPS lipopolysaccharide
- a system of the MG alone and a co-culture system of the MG and rat-derived primary cultured cerebral cortical neurons were prepared and cultured.
- a serum-free medium pH 7.4 containing Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) containing LPS having a final concentration of 1 ⁇ g / ml and bromvaleryl urea having a final concentration of 0.100 ⁇ g / ml was used.
- the culture conditions were 37 ° C., 48 hours, and 5% CO 2 .
- cultivation was measured using the Griess reagent. Since nitric oxide released from MG is oxidized in the culture medium and converted into nitrite ions, the released nitric oxide was indirectly measured by measuring nitrite ions.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the concentration ( ⁇ mol / L) of nitrite ions in each culture system.
- FIG. 1 (A) shows the results of the culture system of MG alone, and FIG. It is a result of a co-culture system with nerve cells.
- the concentration of nitrite ions released from MG was significantly reduced by adding bromvalerylurea (100 ⁇ g / ml).
- MG is usually strongly activated by co-culturing with nerve cells and releases a large amount of nitric oxide.
- FIG. 1 (B) MG is significantly released by the addition of bromovalerylurea. The concentration of nitrite ion was suppressed. From this result, it was found that bromvalerylurea can suppress the release of MG as a cytotoxic factor from MG.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relative value (%) of the transcription amount of iNOS mRNA in each culture system. As shown in FIG. 2, the transcription amount of iNOS mRNA was significantly reduced by adding bromvalerylurea. From this result, it was found that suppression of nitric oxide production by bromvalerylurea occurred at the transcription level of iNOS.
- mice-derived MAP2 (trade name Mouse monoclonal anti-MAP2 antibody ((clone AP20), Sternberger Monoclonals), antibody against mouse-derived iNOS (trade name Mouse monoclonal)
- the Western blotting method using an anti-iNOS antibody (clone 6), manufactured by BD Biosciences, was used to measure the MAP2 immunoreactivity and iNOS immunoreactivity corresponding to the protein expression level. The relative value (%) was determined for each culture system, with the immune activity of the added culture system as 100%.
- FIG. 3 (A) is a graph showing the MAP2 immune activity for the co-culture system
- FIG. 3 (B) is a graph showing the iNOS immune activity for the MG-only culture system.
- the addition of bromovalerylurea significantly increased the expression level of MAP2, which is a neuron-specific protein, compared to the case where bromovalerylurea was not added. From this result, it can be seen that cell death of neurons was suppressed in the co-culture system.
- bromvaleryl urea can suppress LPS-induced iNOS expression and suppress neuronal cell death.
- the model rat used was a rat model in which right-sided striatum injection of 6-OHDA induces right midbrain substantia nigra dopamine neuronal injury (Choudhury et al., Brain and Behavior, 1: 26-43 , 2011).
- the model rats were dissected and the right and left mesencephalic substantia nigra were collected, respectively.
- tyrosine hydroxylase which is a dopamine neuron marker
- TH tyrosine hydroxylase
- model rat which was orally administered bromvalerylurea for 7 days was bred for another 3 days, and then the motor function was measured by a rotating rod test.
- FIG. 4 (A) is a graph showing the immune activity of TH.
- the control without the addition of bromovaleryl urea significantly decreased the TH immunity of the right midbrain substantia nigra, whereas the example with the addition of bromovalerylurea had the The decrease in brain substantia nigra TH immune activity was sufficiently suppressed. From this result, it was found that bromvalerylurea can suppress cell death of dopamine neurons in the midbrain substantia nigra.
- FIG. 4B is a graph showing the result of the rotating rod test, and represents the total number of rotations of the rotating rod required for the model rat to fall from the rotating rod.
- the model rat administered with bromvalerylurea was able to ride for a longer time with a rotating rod than the model rat without bromvalerylurea added. From this result, it was found that bromvaleryl urea can suppress movement disorders due to Parkinson's disease.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the ratio of brain tissue loss. As shown in FIG. 5, compared to the control to which bromvalerylurea was not added, the example in which bromvalerylurea was added was able to reduce the rate of brain tissue loss. From this result, it was found that bromvaleryl urea can suppress brain tissue loss in cerebral infarction.
- BINCs primary cultured brain macrophages derived from the heart of rat cerebral infarction lesions caused by transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery were used for culture.
- a serum-free medium pH 7.4
- the culture conditions were 37 ° C., 24 hours, and 5% CO 2 . And the nitrite ion in the said culture solution at the time of completion
- iNOS and ⁇ -actin were measured by immunoblotting, and the ratio of these immune activities (iNOS / ⁇ -actin) was calculated. And the relative value (%) was calculated
- FIG. 6 (A) is a graph showing iNOS immune activity
- FIG. 6 (B) is a graph showing nitrite ion concentration.
- the expression level of iNOS was reduced by adding bromvalerylurea.
- the amount of nitrite ions produced was reduced by adding bromovalerylurea. From these results, it was found that bromvalerylurea can suppress iNOS expression in macrophages BINCs accumulated in cerebral infarction lesions and suppress nitric oxide production.
- Macrophages were cultured in the same manner as (2) above. And about the culture medium after completion
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relative values of the transcription amounts of mRNA of various factors.
- the transcription amount of IL-1 ⁇ , IL-6, IFN ⁇ and Bak mRNA that are neuronal cytotoxic factors and the transcription amount of mRNA of enzyme iNOS that generates nitric oxide, which is neuronal cytotoxic factor are as follows.
- the concentration of bromvalerylurea decreased depending on the concentration.
- the amounts of HGF and IGF-1 mRNA that are useful factors in cell growth were not decreased by the addition of bromovalerylurea, and were not affected by bromovalerylurea.
- a Wistar male rat was used as the rat.
- a needle (18-gauge injection needle) was inserted into a portion of the rat cerebrum 2 mm behind the Ooizumi Gate and 2 mm right outside, and a fan-shaped injury was created at an angle of about 120 degrees.
- FIG. 8A is a photograph showing brain tissue loss, the left is a group administered with drinking water not added with bromovaleryl urea, and the right is a group administered with drinking water added with bromovaleryl urea.
- FIG. 8A in the administration group to which bromvalerylurea was not added, significant brain tissue loss was observed, whereas in the administration group to which bromvalerylurea was added, brain tissue loss was suppressed.
- FIG. 8B is a graph showing the ratio of brain tissue loss. As shown in FIG.
- a sham-operated group was a rat that did not damage the intestinal tract only by performing an open surgery, that is, incision of the skin and peritoneum. No subcutaneous injection was performed in the sham operation group. And the result of the model mat of each group was confirmed over 8 days after incision.
- ⁇ is the result of the sham operation group
- ⁇ is the result of the control group not added with bromovalerylurea
- ⁇ is the example group added with bromovalerylurea.
- the sham operation group (Sham) had a mortality rate of 0%.
- the subject group (Sepsis / control) to which bromvalerylurea was not added had a mortality rate of 80% on the 8th day
- the example group (Sepsis / BU) to which bromvalerylurea was added had a significant difference P ⁇ At 0.0001, the mortality rate could be suppressed to 47%. From this result, it was found that bromvalerylurea showed a significant lifesaving effect.
- macrophages macrophages collected from the intraperitoneal cavity of Wistar rats were used for culture.
- a serum-free medium pH 7.4 containing DMEM containing bromovalerylurea at final concentrations of 0, 30, and 100 ⁇ g / ml as a basic medium was used.
- the culture conditions were 37 ° C., 18 hours, and 5% CO 2 . Then, the concentrations of IL-6 and IL-1 ⁇ in the culture solution at the end of the culture were measured by ELISA.
- FIG. 10A is a graph showing the production amount of IL-1 ⁇
- FIG. 10B is a graph showing the production amount of IL-6.
- the production of IL-6 and IL-1 ⁇ decreased depending on the concentration of bromvalerylurea by adding bromvalerylurea. From this result, it was found that bromvalerylurea can suppress inflammation.
- the sepsis model rat was prepared by using a Wistar male rat and providing two perforations with an 18 gauge needle after cecal ligation.
- the serum of the model rat was collected after the third subcutaneous injection, that is, the day after preparation of the sepsis model after peritonitis perforation, and serum IL-6 was measured by ELISA.
- the septic rats were subcutaneously injected with the maintenance infusion solution without bromvalerylurea, and serum IL-6 was measured in the same manner.
- serum IL-6 was similarly measured in non-septic rats (sham surgery group) in which only laparotomy was performed. Further, for each serum, the creatinine concentration in the serum, which is an index of renal failure, was also measured.
- FIG. 11 (A) is a graph showing serum IL-6.
- Example in which bromvalerylurea was added was able to significantly reduce serum IL-6. From this result, it was found that bromvalerylurea can suppress cytokine storm in sepsis.
- FIG. 11 (B) is a graph showing the creatinine concentration in serum.
- the creatinine concentration was significantly increased, resulting in renal failure.
- Example (+) to which bromvalerylurea was added, the creatinine concentration was restored to a nearly normal level by subcutaneous injection of bromvalerylurea. This result indicates that bromvalerylurea can remarkably suppress the onset of renal failure or multiple organ failure induced by sepsis.
- FIG. 12 is a photograph of the small intestine, where (A) is the result of the sham operation group, (B) is the result of the sepsis / non-treatment group, and (C) is the result of the sepsis / treatment group.
- FIG. 12 (B) as shown by the arrow, in the sepsis / non-treated group to which bromvalerylurea was not added, swelling occurred in the small intestine.
- FIG. 12 (C) in the sepsis / treatment group to which bromvalerylurea was added, swelling of the small intestine was remarkably suppressed, and was similar to the sham operation group in FIG. 12 (A). It was.
- FIG. 13 a micrograph of the small intestine of each group is shown in FIG.
- (A) shows the results of the sham operation group
- (B) shows the results of the sepsis / non-treatment group
- (C) shows the results of the sepsis / treatment group.
- this swelling of the small intestine is understood to be due to the high accumulation of white blood cells such as lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. From this result, it was found that bromvalerylurea can suppress, for example, reactive proliferation of small intestinal lymphoid tissue and inflammation.
- macrophages macrophages derived from Wistar rat alveoli were used and cultured.
- the medium used was a serum-free medium (pH 7.4) containing DMEM as a basic medium and containing bromvalerylurea at final concentrations of 0, 30, and 100 ⁇ g / ml.
- the culture conditions were 37 ° C., 18 hours, and 5% CO 2 .
- total RNA of alveolar macrophages was collected, and the transcription amount of mRNA encoding iNOS, IL-6 and IL-1 ⁇ was measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The relative value (%) was determined for each culture system, with the measured value of the culture system to which bromvalerylurea was not added as 100%.
- FIG. 14A shows the relative value of iNOS
- FIG. 14B shows the relative value of IL-1 ⁇
- FIG. 14C shows the relative value of IL-6.
- the amount of transcription of each mRNA of iNOS, IL-1 ⁇ and IL-6 decreased depending on the concentration of bromvalerylurea by adding bromvalerylurea. From this result, it was found that bromvalerylurea can suppress inflammation. Further, since the expression of inflammatory cytokines by alveolar macrophages can be suppressed, for example, it is considered possible to suppress ARDS or the like caused by sepsis.
- Example 4 Inhibition of inflammation in inflammatory skin diseases was confirmed by bromvalerylurea.
- the BU ointment was subsequently applied to the inflamed area twice a day for 10 days. Then, the abdomen and the abdomen on the 10th day from the start of application were observed in the same manner on the 10th day (20th day from the start of application) after the application was stopped.
- FIG. 15 is a photograph of the abdomen of the patient.
- (A) is before application
- (B) is 25 minutes after application
- (C) is 3 hours after application
- (D) is the 10th day from the start of application
- (E) is application. The photograph on the 10th day after the cancellation is shown.
- the patient feels a strong pruritus in the inflamed area of the abdomen, and as shown in FIG. 15 (A), a large number of papules (skin with a diameter of 1 cm or less) are present on the abdomen of the patient. ), And scratch marks (arrowheads in FIG. 15A) and fresh red erosions (arrows in FIG. 15A) on the papules were confirmed.
- the patient had a relieved pruritus sensation in the inflamed region of the abdomen, and was confirmed in FIG. 15 (A) as shown in FIG. 15 (B) at 25 minutes after the application. It was confirmed that the papules tend to disappear.
- FIG. 16 is a photograph of the inside of the patient's knee.
- (A) is a photograph before application
- (B) is a photograph of 35 minutes after application
- the upper part is a control ointment
- the lower part is a BU ointment. Is the result of using.
- FIG. 16 (A) Before the application of the BU ointment and the control ointment, as shown in FIG. 16 (A), almost erythema and linear wheal (upper and lower photographs in FIG. 16 (A)) on the skin inside the knees of the patient. The area surrounded by the solid line in Fig. 1 occurred and was accompanied by itching. And the right knee to which the control ointment was applied had no change in erythema and wheal as shown in the upper part of FIG. 16 (B) even 35 minutes after application (in the solid line in the photograph in the upper part of FIG. 16 (B)). The encircled area) and the grudge continued.
- FIG. 17 is a photograph of the back skin of the model mouse.
- (A) is a model mouse (control group) coated with the control ointment
- (B) is a model mouse (BU group) coated with the BU ointment
- (A) and (B ) Both are the results from the top, 5 hours after application, 6 days after application start, and 6 days after application stop from the top.
- FIG. 17 shows the results of one example of the control group and one example of the BU group, but similar results were obtained for the remaining model mice. From these results, it was found that bromvaleryl urea can treat allergic dermatitis such as atopic dermatitis.
- bromovalerylurea can suppress the activation of the said immune cell in this way, it can be utilized for the treatment of the neurological disease accompanied by a neuronal cell death, and the treatment of an inflammatory disease, for example. For this reason, it can be said that the present invention is extremely useful in the field of medicine.
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Description
本発明の免疫細胞の活性化抑制剤は、前述のように、ブロムワレリル尿素またはその誘導体を含むことを特徴とする。
本発明の神経細胞の保護剤は、前述のように、本発明の免疫細胞の活性化抑制剤を含むことを特徴とする。本発明の神経細胞の保護剤は、例えば、神経細胞の変性抑制剤ということもできる。
本発明の神経疾患用医薬は、前述のように、本発明の免疫細胞の活性化抑制剤を含むことを特徴とする。
本発明の炎症性疾患用医薬は、前述のように、本発明の免疫細胞の活性化抑制剤を含むことを特徴とする。
本発明の免疫細胞の活性化抑制方法は、投与対象に、前記本発明の免疫細胞の活性化抑制剤を投与することを特徴とする。
本発明の神経細胞の保護方法は、投与対象に、前記本発明の神経細胞の保護剤を投与することを特徴とする。本発明の神経細胞の保護方法は、例えば、神経細胞の変性抑制方法ということもできる。
本発明の神経疾患の治療方法は、投与対象に、前記本発明の神経疾患用医薬を投与することを特徴とする。
本発明は、前記免疫細胞の活性化抑制のためのブロムワレリル尿素またはその誘導体であり、また、前記神経細胞の保護または変性抑制のためのブロムワレリル尿素もしくはその誘導体であり、また、前記神経疾患の治療のためのブロムワレリル尿素またはその誘導体であり、また、前記炎症性疾患の治療のためのブロムワレリル尿素またはその誘導体である。また、本発明は、前記各種医薬の製造のためのブロムワレリル尿素またはその誘導体の使用である。
ブロムワレリル尿素のパーキンソン病に対する効果を確認した。
以下に示すように、ブロムワレリル尿素およびLPS(リポポリサッカライド)の共存下、ラット新生仔由来一次培養マイクログリア(MG)を培養し、神経細胞傷害因子である一酸化窒素について、MGからの放出量を確認した。
前記(1)における一酸化窒素の放出抑制が、LPSで誘導される一酸化窒素合成酵素(誘導型;iNOS)の転写レベルの抑制であることを確認した。具体的には、前記(1)と同様にして、MG単独培養系について培養を行い、リアルタイム逆転写(RT)-PCRにより、iNOSのmRNAの転写量を測定した。リアルタイムRT-PCRは、常法にしたがって行った。そして、ブロムワレリル尿素が未添加の培養系のmRNAの転写量を100%として、各培養系について相対値(%)を求めた。
前記MGのみの培養系および前記MGと前記神経細胞の共培養系について、神経細胞特異的タンパク質であるMAP2の発現と一酸化窒素を産生するiNOSタンパク質の発現とを測定した。
6-ヒドロキシドーパミン(6-OHDA)でパーキンソン病を誘発するラットパーキンソン病モデルを使用し、ブロムワレリル尿素による神経細胞死の抑制を確認した。
相対値(%)=100×R/L
ブロムワレリル尿素の脳梗塞に対する効果を確認した。
右側中大脳動脈90分間一過性閉塞による脳梗塞モデルラットを使用し、ブロムワレリル尿素による組織喪失の抑制を確認した。
組織喪失の割合(%)=100×(L-R)/L
ブロムワレリル尿素による、脳梗塞巣に集積するマクロファージBINCsにおける前記iNOSの発現抑制および一酸化窒素の産生抑制を確認した。前記BINCsについては、Matsumotoら、Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism (2008) 28: 149-163を参照した。
ブロムワレリル尿素による、脳梗塞巣に集積するマクロファージBINCsにおける炎症性反応の抑制を確認した。
頭蓋外より注射針を刺入することによって脳損傷を起こすラット脳損傷モデルを使用し、ブロムワレリル尿素による組織喪失の抑制を確認した。
組織喪失の割合(%)=100×(L-R)/L
ブロムワレリル尿素の敗血症に対する効果を確認した。
Wistar雄8週齢ラット盲腸を結紮し、18ゲージ注射針によって結紮部盲腸に2箇所の穿孔を作成し、腹膜炎穿孔からのラット敗血症モデルとした。モデル作製の直後に、最終濃度500μg/mlとなるようにブロムワレリル尿素を溶解した、市販の維持輸液(ソリタT3、味の素製薬)10mlを、皮下に注射した。対照群は、ブロムワレリル尿素未添加の前記維持輸液のみを、同量、皮下に注射した。以後、約12時間ごとに、同様に注射をおこなった。また、開腹手術すなわち、皮膚と腹膜の切開を行っただけで、腸管に損傷を与えないラットを、偽手術群とした。前記偽手術群には、皮下注射は行わなかった。そして、切開から8日間にわたって、各群のモデルマットの結果を確認した。
ブロムワレリル尿素による、腹腔マクロファージによるインターロイキンの産生抑制を確認した。
敗血症モデルラットを使用し、ブロムワレリル尿素によるIL-6の抑制を確認した。
敗血症モデルラットを使用し、ブロムワレリル尿素による小腸の腫れと炎症の抑制を確認した。
ブロムワレリル尿素による、肺胞マクロファージによるiNOS誘導およびインターロイキン産生の抑制を確認した。
ブロムワレリル尿素による、炎症性皮膚疾患における炎症の抑制を確認した。
ヒルドイドソフト軟膏0.3%(マルホ株式会社製)に、1%(w/w)となるように、ブロムワレリル尿素を溶解し、ブロムワレリル尿素軟膏(BU軟膏)を調製した。次に、下着の着用時、前記下着のゴムにより生じた接触皮膚炎を原発巣とし、自家感作性皮膚炎に発展した炎症性皮膚疾患の患者に対して、腹部の丘疹を含む炎症領域(約25cm2)に、前記BU軟膏0.5gを塗布した。そして、前記BU軟膏の塗布直前、塗布後25分および3時間において、前記腹部を観察した。さらに、同患者に対して、引き続き、前記BU軟膏を1日2回、10日間、前記炎症領域に塗布した。そして、前記塗布開始から10日目の前記腹部および塗布を中止してから10日目(塗布開始から20日目)において、前記腹部を同様に観察した。
ストッキングの着用時、前記ストッキングのゴムにより両膝内側に接触皮膚炎を発症した患者に対して、左膝内側の線上の膨疹(約20cm2)に、前記(1)で調製したBU軟膏0.4gを塗布した。そして、前記BU軟膏の塗布直前および塗布後35分において、前記左膝内側を観察した。また、コントロールは、ブロムワレリル尿素未添加の前記ヒルドイドソフト軟膏0.3%(コントロール軟膏)を使用し、同患者の右膝内側の線上の膨疹に塗布した以外は、同様にして前記右膝内側を観察した。
マウスアトピー性皮膚炎モデルマウスを使用し、ブロムワレリル尿素によるアトピー性皮膚炎における炎症の抑制を確認した。
Claims (11)
- ブロムワレリル尿素またはその誘導体を含むことを特徴とする免疫細胞の活性化抑制剤。
- 前記免疫細胞が、マイクログリアまたはマクロファージである、請求項1記載の免疫細胞の活性化抑制剤。
- 請求項1または2記載の免疫細胞の活性化抑制剤を含むことを特徴とする神経細胞の保護剤。
- 請求項1または2記載の免疫細胞の活性化抑制剤を含むことを特徴とする神経疾患用医薬。
- 前記神経疾患が、パーキンソン病およびアルツハイマー病の少なくとも一方の変性神経疾患である、請求項4記載の神経疾患用医薬。
- 前記神経疾患が、脳梗塞および脳損傷の少なくとも一方の急性神経疾患である、請求項4記載の神経疾患用医薬。
- 請求項1または2記載の免疫細胞の活性化抑制剤を含むことを特徴とする炎症性疾患用医薬。
- 前記炎症性疾患が、全身性炎症反応症候群である、請求項7記載の炎症性疾患用医薬。
- 前記全身性炎症反応症候群が、敗血症である、請求項8記載の炎症性疾患医薬。
- 前記炎症性疾患が、炎症性皮膚疾患である、請求項7記載の炎症性疾患用医薬。
- 前記炎症性皮膚疾患が、アトピー性皮膚炎、接触皮膚炎、乾癬、湿疹、おむつ皮膚炎、脂漏性皮膚炎、ヴィダール苔癬、自家感作性皮膚炎、老人性乾皮症、光線性皮膚疾患、水疱症、ケロイド、紅皮症、薬疹および中毒疹からなる群から選択された少なくとも一つである、請求項10記載の炎症性疾患用医薬。
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| EP13826292.8A EP2881111A4 (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2013-08-02 | IMMUNOCELLIZATION HEMMER AND ITS USE |
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| HITOMI AONO ET AL.: "Kotenteki na Chinsei Saimin'yaku Bromovalerylurea no Parkinson-byo Chiryoyaku to shite no Kanosei", JOURNAL OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 0031-9015, vol. 75, no. 2, March 2013 (2013-03-01), pages 73, XP008176657 * |
| KUMAR, A. ET AL.: "A survival benefit of combination antibiotic therapy for serious infections associated with sepsis and septic shock is contingent only on the risk of death: A meta-analytic/meta-regression study", CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, vol. 38, 2011, pages 1651 - 1664 |
| MATSUMOTO ET AL., JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW & METABOLISM, vol. 28, 2008, pages 149 - 163 |
| PIERACCI, F. M.; BARIE, P. S.: "Management of severe sepsis of abdominal origin", SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY, vol. 96, 2007, pages 184 - 196 |
| See also references of EP2881111A4 * |
| TASUKU NISHIHARA ET AL.: "Bromovalerylurea wa Macrophage no Kasseika o Yokusei shi, Haiketsusho ni Taisuru Chiryo Koka o Motsu", JOURNAL OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 0031-9015, vol. 75, no. 2, March 2013 (2013-03-01), pages 74, XP008176656 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP6226278B2 (ja) | 2017-11-08 |
| EP2881111A4 (en) | 2015-12-16 |
| EP2881111A1 (en) | 2015-06-10 |
| US20150202170A1 (en) | 2015-07-23 |
| US9517217B2 (en) | 2016-12-13 |
| JPWO2014021455A1 (ja) | 2016-07-21 |
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