WO2014083772A1 - 金属ナノ粒子複合体の製造方法およびその方法により製造された金属ナノ粒子複合体 - Google Patents
金属ナノ粒子複合体の製造方法およびその方法により製造された金属ナノ粒子複合体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014083772A1 WO2014083772A1 PCT/JP2013/006491 JP2013006491W WO2014083772A1 WO 2014083772 A1 WO2014083772 A1 WO 2014083772A1 JP 2013006491 W JP2013006491 W JP 2013006491W WO 2014083772 A1 WO2014083772 A1 WO 2014083772A1
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- nickel
- pores
- metal
- nanoparticle composite
- porous body
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a metal nanoparticle composite in which metal nanoparticles usable for a catalyst or the like are dispersed, and a metal nanoparticle composite produced by the method.
- metal nanoparticles for example, nickel nanoparticles having nano-size (average particle diameter of 1 to 5 nm), micropores (average pore diameter of 2 nm or less) and mesopores (average pore diameter of 2 to 50 nm) are used.
- An impregnation method is used as a method of dispersing in a porous body (for example, zeolite, mesoporous silica, activated carbon, etc.).
- a porous body in general, is added to an aqueous solution containing a metal element, and moisture is removed by heating or the like to support the compound containing the metal element on the porous body, and then in a reducing atmosphere.
- the supported compound is reduced to a metal by heating at.
- the metal nanoparticles supported by this impregnation method are heated at a high temperature (for example, 300 to 400 ° C.), the metal nanoparticles move, and the metal nanoparticles adhere to each other and solidify. Sintering occurs and the metal nanoparticles become coarse.
- the metal nanoparticle composite in which the coarsened metal nanoparticles are dispersed has a problem that the catalytic ability is lowered because the surface area having catalytic activity is reduced.
- Non-Patent Document 1 can be applied only to noble metals such as platinum and ruthenium, and cannot be applied to base metals having high catalytic ability such as cobalt and nickel. This is because noble metals such as platinum and ruthenium have a lower ionization tendency than hydrogen and can be reduced easily, whereas base metals such as cobalt and nickel have a higher ionization tendency than hydrogen, so reduction from the cation site is not possible. It is difficult and requires a large amount of energy.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and can be applied to metals having high catalytic ability such as cobalt and nickel, and is a metal nanoparticle composite having a wide range of uses as a catalyst. It is an object to provide a production method and a metal nanoparticle composite produced by the method.
- the method for producing a metal nanoparticle composite of the present invention comprises an adsorption step in which an organometallic complex is adsorbed in the pores of the porous body, and a porous body in which the organometallic complex is adsorbed in the pores.
- an adsorption step in which an organometallic complex is adsorbed in the pores of the porous body, and a porous body in which the organometallic complex is adsorbed in the pores.
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION while suppressing the coarsening of a metal nanoparticle, it can suppress the fall of the catalytic activity of a metal nanoparticle, and can provide the metal nanoparticle composite which has a wide use as a catalyst. become. In addition, it is possible to provide a metal nanoparticle composite having excellent reaction selectivity.
- FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph (TEM photograph) of the metal nanoparticle composite in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph (TEM photograph) of zeolite supporting nickel in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph (TEM photograph) of zeolite supporting nickel in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 10 is an electron micrograph (TEM photograph) of a zeolite carrying nickel in Comparative Example 3.
- ethanol steam reforming reaction it is a figure which shows the production
- ethanol steam reforming reaction it is a figure which shows the production
- FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph (TEM photograph) of the metal nanoparticle composite in Example 3.
- FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph (TEM photograph) of the metal nanoparticle composite in Example 3.
- FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph (TEM photograph) of the metal nanoparticle composite in Example 3.
- FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph (TEM photograph) of the metal nanoparticle composite in Example 3.
- an electrically neutral organometallic complex is adsorbed into the pores of a porous body, and the organometallic complex molecules are decomposed in the pores, so that the nanosize (
- This is a method for producing a metal nanoparticle composite in which metal nanoparticles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 5 nm are dispersed.
- the metal nanoparticles produced by the method of the present invention have a substantially spherical shape and an average particle diameter of 1 to 5 nm.
- the metal nanoparticles produced by the method of the present invention can be used as, for example, a reforming catalyst that generates hydrogen from hydrocarbons such as alcohol and methane, an ammonia synthesis catalyst, an automobile exhaust gas purification catalyst, and the like. .
- the “average particle diameter” as used herein refers to measuring the particle diameter of about 10 to 50 metal nanoparticles using a microphotograph of the produced metal nanoparticles, and calculating the number average thereof. Is the average particle size.
- the metal constituting the metal nanoparticles is not particularly limited, and noble metals such as gold, silver, platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, osmium, scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel Base metals having high catalytic ability such as copper and zinc can be used.
- noble metals such as gold, silver, platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, osmium, scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel
- Base metals having high catalytic ability such as copper and zinc
- alkali metal elements such as lithium, sodium, and potassium, and alkaline earth metal elements such as magnesium can also be used. These metals may be used alone, or two or more of them may be dispersed in the porous body and supported on the pores of the porous body according to the use of the metal nanoparticles described above
- the porous body used in the method of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of zeolite, porous silica, porous alumina, porous aluminosilicate, porous carbon such as activated carbon and carbon nanotube, and MOF (Metal-organic framework). It is preferable to use at least one kind, and since it has high heat resistance and has three-dimensional regular micropores, it is particularly preferable to use zeolite.
- zeolite for example, A-type zeolite, MFI-type zeolite, X-type zeolite, Y-type zeolite, beta-type zeolite, mordenite, etc. can be used, because the pore diameter is large and the pores are three-dimensionally connected.
- X or Y type zeolite is used.
- the average diameter of pores (average pore diameter) of the porous body is preferably 5 nm or less.
- the average diameter of the pores is larger than 5 nm, the metal nanoparticles supported in the pores may easily diffuse and aggregate, and the stability (fixability) of the metal nanoparticles may be reduced. is there.
- the average diameter of the pores is smaller than the molecular diameter of the organometallic complex, there may be a disadvantage that the organometallic complex that is the precursor of the metal nanoparticles is not introduced into the pores. The diameter needs to be larger than the molecular diameter of the organometallic complex.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a method for producing a metal nanoparticle composite according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- an electrically neutral organometallic complex is adsorbed in the pores of the porous body, and the organometallic complex molecules are decomposed in the pores, thereby obtaining a nanosize (average particle diameter of 1 to 5 nm).
- the metal nanoparticle composite in which the metal nanoparticles having) are dispersed is produced.
- organometallic complex those that generate a vapor of the organometallic complex at room temperature or by heating are used, and for example, sublimable metallocene, carbonyl complex, and the like can be used.
- an organic nickel complex such as nickelocene (Ni (C 5 H 5 ) 2 ) can be used.
- the compounding amount of the organometallic complex in this step is determined by the pore volume of the porous body and the volume occupied by the organometallic complex adsorbed in the pores.
- the volume in which the organometallic complex occupies the pores is preferably 1 to 100 parts by volume with respect to 100 parts by volume of the pores of the porous body. This is because when the volume occupied by the organometallic complex exceeds 100 parts by volume, the organometallic complex is adsorbed on the outer surface of the porous body, resulting in the formation of coarse particles on the outer surface of the porous body.
- the volume of the organometallic complex occupying the pores is less than 1 volume part of the pore volume, the number of active points of the catalyst is reduced, so the effect as a catalyst is reduced. This is because there are cases in which
- ⁇ Adsorption process> the mixture of the porous body and the organometallic complex is placed in a reaction vessel such as a test tube, the inside of the reaction vessel is depressurized to a predetermined pressure, and the reaction vessel is sealed. Is heated to vaporize the organometallic complex (for example, sublimate), and the organometallic complex is adsorbed in the pores of the porous body (step S2).
- a reaction vessel such as a test tube
- the inside of the reaction vessel is depressurized to a predetermined pressure
- the reaction vessel is sealed. Is heated to vaporize the organometallic complex (for example, sublimate), and the organometallic complex is adsorbed in the pores of the porous body (step S2).
- the treatment time (adsorption time) in this step is preferably in the range of 1 to 24 hours. This is because when the treatment time is less than 1 hour, it may be difficult to uniformly diffuse the organometallic complex with respect to the entire pores of the porous body. When the treatment time is longer than 24 hours, This is because the production efficiency (time efficiency) is reduced because the organometallic complex has already been uniformly diffused over the entire pores of the porous body. That is, by setting the treatment time in this step to 1 to 24 hours, the organometallic complex can be uniformly diffused throughout the pores of the porous body without reducing the production efficiency.
- the treatment temperature in this step can be appropriately set according to the vaporization (sublimation) temperature of the organometallic complex to be used.
- the organic compound of the organometallic complex (the ligand which is an organic component) adsorbed in the pores of the porous body is decomposed to fix the metal ions in the organometallic complex in the pores of the porous body. More specifically, for example, the organic compound of the organometallic complex is decomposed by irradiating the porous body having the organometallic complex adsorbed in the pores with ultraviolet rays for a predetermined time (step S3).
- this process is not essential for producing metal nanoparticles, but by performing this process, it is more homogeneous and highly dispersible.
- Metal nanoparticles can be obtained.
- an organometallic complex that has a sublimation property and is easily vaporized by heating is used, the organometallic complex can be detached from the pores in the decomposition and reduction process described later, and coarse particles can be formed outside the pores.
- a xenon lamp As the ultraviolet light source, a xenon lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, a low-pressure mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, or the like can be used.
- the illuminance of ultraviolet rays is preferably set to 1 to 1000 mW / cm 2 at a wavelength of 360 nm. This may cause inconvenience that it is difficult to sufficiently decompose the organic compound of the organometallic complex when the illuminance of ultraviolet rays is less than 1 mW / cm 2 , and when it is greater than 1000 mW / cm 2 , This is because there may be a disadvantage that the production efficiency (energy efficiency) is lowered.
- the ultraviolet irradiation time varies depending on the amount of the sample, the content of the organometallic complex, and the ultraviolet intensity.
- the role of ultraviolet irradiation is to decompose the organic compound of the organometallic complex adsorbed in the pores of the porous body and fix the metal ions in the organometallic complex in the pores of the porous body. It is necessary to irradiate a sufficient amount of ultraviolet rays. Depending on the shape of the sample container and the condition of the sample, it is necessary to stir the sample during UV irradiation and mix it uniformly. When the sample is discolored by ultraviolet irradiation, the sample is irradiated with ultraviolet light until the entire sample is completely discolored.
- the porous body in which the organometallic complex is adsorbed in the pores is adsorbed in the pores of the porous body by heat treatment at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time in a reducing atmosphere (for example, in a hydrogen atmosphere).
- a reducing atmosphere for example, in a hydrogen atmosphere.
- the organic compound of the organometallic complex is decomposed (step S4), and the metal cation in the organometallic complex is reduced to produce a metal nanoparticle composite in which the metal nanoparticles are supported on the pores of the porous body (step S4).
- step S5 the metal nanoparticle composite in which the metal nanoparticles are supported on the pores of the porous body.
- the organic compound of the organometallic complex remaining in the pores of the porous body is simultaneously decomposed without being decomposed in the organometallic complex decomposition step. Therefore, in the organometallic complex decomposition step, the organic compound can be effectively decomposed even when the organometallic complex remains in the pores of the porous body.
- the heating temperature in the heat treatment is preferably in the range of 100 to 500 ° C. This is because when the heating temperature is less than 100 ° C., the organic compound of the organometallic complex remaining in the pores of the porous body may not be completely decomposed, which is higher than 500 ° C. This is because there may be a disadvantage that the production efficiency (energy efficiency) decreases.
- the heating time in the heat treatment is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 2 hours. This is because if the heating time is less than 0.5 hours, the temperature may become uneven, and it may be difficult to uniformly heat the entire porous body. This is because the porous body is already heated uniformly, which may cause a disadvantage that the production efficiency (time efficiency) is lowered.
- metal nanoparticles can be produced in the pores of the porous body that is a carrier. Therefore, in the reduction treatment step, at a high temperature (eg, 300 to 400 ° C.). Even if it is a case where it heats, the movement of a metal nanoparticle can be suppressed and it can suppress that a metal nanoparticle adheres to each other.
- a high temperature eg, 300 to 400 ° C.
- the high dispersibility of the metal nanoparticles can be maintained at a high temperature, the aggregation and sintering of the metal nanoparticles can be suppressed, and the coarsening of the metal nanoparticles can be suppressed. As a result, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the catalytic ability of the metal nanoparticles.
- the present invention can be applied not only to noble metals such as platinum and ruthenium but also to base metals having high catalytic ability such as cobalt and nickel, so that the metal has a wide range of uses as a catalyst. It becomes possible to provide a nanoparticle composite.
- the metal nanoparticle composite manufactured by the manufacturing method of this invention can confirm that it is the metal nanoparticle composite manufactured by the manufacturing method of this invention by confirming that organic substances, such as carbon, remain
- a method for confirming that organic substances remain in the metal nanoparticle composite for example, a sample is heated in an oxygen atmosphere, and the generated carbon dioxide and water are analyzed with a mass spectrometer or a gas chromatograph. Analytical methods and the like can be mentioned.
- the method for producing metal nanoparticles according to the present invention preferably includes a decomposition step by irradiation with ultraviolet rays.
- the organic metal adsorbed in the pores of the porous body by the decomposition and reduction process performed in a reducing atmosphere (for example, in a hydrogen atmosphere) regardless of the presence or absence of the decomposition process. Since the organic compound of the complex is decomposed into methane (CH 4 ) and the like, the metal cation contained in the organometallic complex is reduced to a metal to become nanoparticles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 5 nm.
- a decomposition step by ultraviolet irradiation nanoparticles that are more uniform and more dispersible can be obtained.
- the vaporized organometallic complex is adsorbed in the pores of the porous body in the adsorption step.
- a liquid organometallic complex may be used instead of the vaporized organometallic complex.
- an organometallic complex ferrocene (Fe (C 5 H 5 ) 2 ) containing iron can be dissolved in an organic solvent and adsorbed in the pores of the zeolite.
- Example 1 (Production of metal nanoparticle (nickel nanoparticle) composite)
- the mixture of the Y-type zeolite and bis (cyclopentadienyl) nickel (II) was put into a quartz test tube (outer diameter: 12 mm, inner diameter: 10 mm, length: 100 mm) as a reaction vessel, After the inside of the test tube was reduced to a pressure of 5 to 7 Pa, the test tube was sealed.
- this test tube is heated at 130 ° C. for 5 hours to sublimate bis (cyclopentadienyl) nickel (II), and bis (cyclopentadienyl) nickel (II) is put into the pores of the zeolite. It was made to adsorb to.
- the zeolite adsorbed with bis (cyclopentadienyl) nickel (II) was irradiated with ultraviolet rays for 72 hours, The organic component of bis (cyclopentadienyl) nickel (II) was decomposed and nickel ions were fixed in the pores of the zeolite.
- the sample tube was shaken every 12 hours to mix the sample.
- the zeolite irradiated with ultraviolet rays is heated in a hydrogen atmosphere at 400 ° C. for 1 hour to reduce the nickel ions fixed in the pores of the zeolite to nickel.
- a nickel nanoparticle composite carrying nickel nanoparticles was prepared.
- the nickel nanoparticle composite obtained in this example was observed with a transmission electron microscope (manufactured by JEOL Ltd., trade name: JEM-2010) having an acceleration voltage of 200 kV.
- the obtained electron micrograph (TEM photograph) is shown in FIG.
- the nickel nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in the zeolite, and the particle diameter is found to be 5 nm or less.
- the content (filling amount) of nickel in the nickel nanoparticle composite was measured and found to be 1.9% (% by weight).
- Example 2 A nickel nanoparticle composite was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of bis (cyclopentadienyl) nickel (II), which was the above organic nickel complex, was changed to 82 mg.
- the content of nickel in the nickel nanoparticle composite was measured and found to be 5.9%.
- the nickel nanoparticle composites obtained in Examples 1 and 2 have a reduced specific surface area and pore volume of the zeolite as compared to the reference zeolite. That is, it was suggested that in the nickel nanoparticle composites obtained in Examples 1 and 2, nickel nanoparticles were present in the pores of the zeolite.
- a zeolite carrying nickel was prepared by a general impregnation method. More specifically, first, 0.063 g of nickel chloride (II) hexahydrate (manufactured by SIGMA-ALDRICH) was dissolved in 20 ml of ion-exchanged water.
- the mixture was heated and dried.
- the obtained powder was placed on an alumina boat and heat-treated at 400 ° C. for 3 hours in the air to obtain a sample of Comparative Example 1. Furthermore, in order to reduce the obtained sample, it was heated at 400 ° C. for 30 minutes in a hydrogen atmosphere.
- the nickel particles of Comparative Example 1 are agglomerated on the zeolite, and the particle diameter is larger than 5 nm. In particular, as shown in FIG. 3, the particle diameter is larger than 50 nm. It can be seen that there are some that have been made.
- the content of nickel in the zeolite carrying nickel was measured and found to be 2.2%.
- Comparative Example 2 A nickel-supported zeolite was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the amount of nickel chloride (II) hexahydrate used was changed to 0.156 g.
- the content of nickel in the zeolite carrying nickel was measured and found to be 5.7%.
- the nickel particles can move freely on the outer surface of the zeolite as compared with the inside of the pores of the zeolite, in Comparative Example 1, the nickel particles adhere to each other and solidify by heating, and are aggregated and sintered. This is considered to be coarse as shown in FIGS.
- the pore volume is remarkably small as the nickel content increases as compared to the reference zeolite.
- the pore volume was hardly changed. It can be seen that the pore volume is comparable.
- Nickel-supported zeolite was produced by the method described in Patent Document 1 described above. More specifically, first, 100 g of X-type zeolite (manufactured by SIGMA-ALDRICH, trade name: Molecular Sieves 13X) is added to 1000 ml of 1M aqueous ammonium acetate solution (manufactured by SIGMA-ALDRICH), and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. As a result, sodium ions in the zeolite were exchanged with ammonium ions.
- SIGMA-ALDRICH trade name: Molecular Sieves 13X
- the nickel particles of Comparative Example 3 are aggregated on the zeolite and there are coarse nickel particles having a particle diameter of 10 nm to 20 nm.
- quartz wool was placed in a quartz reaction tube (outer diameter: 12 mm, inner diameter: 10 mm), and 100 mg of a nickel nanoparticle composite as a catalyst was filled thereon.
- the sample was reduced at 400 ° C. for 1 hour in a 3% hydrogen stream (flow rate: 30 ml / min, the rest was argon), and then the inside of the apparatus was replaced with argon.
- a 15% by weight ethanol aqueous solution vaporized at 200 ° C. was supplied at a mass space velocity of 40.5 / hour, and argon as a carrier gas was circulated at 10 ml / min while maintaining the sample at 400 ° C. I let you.
- a gas trap manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, trade name: GC-14B, equipped with a thermal conductivity detector was used to remove moisture contained in the gas after the reaction using a cooling trap (0 ° C.).
- Column: Shimadzu Corporation, trade name: Shincarbon-ST, 2m was used to analyze the composition of the product gas and confirm the generation of hydrogen and ethylene.
- the electron micrograph (TEM photograph) of the nickel nanoparticle composite body after performing the steam reforming reaction of ethanol is shown in FIG.
- the nickel nanoparticles after the steam reforming reaction were uniformly dispersed in the zeolite as in the case of the nickel nanoparticles shown in FIG. 1, and no change was observed in the dispersibility.
- Example 1 the catalytic properties of nickel nanoparticles are included. Thus, it can be seen that a nickel nanoparticle composite having excellent reaction selectivity can be provided.
- Example 2 the nickel content in each sample obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was measured using a fluorescent X-ray analyzer (trade name: ZSX Primus II, manufactured by RIGAKU Corporation). The results are shown in Table 2.
- the nickel content in the nickel nanoparticle composite of Example 1 is about one-fourth of the nickel content in the nickel-supported zeolite of Comparative Example 3, Since the production efficiency is almost the same (see FIGS. 5 and 6), the hydrogen production efficiency per unit weight of the nickel particles in the nickel nanoparticle composite of Example 1 is the same as that in the zeolite supporting nickel of Comparative Example 2. It can be seen that it is about 4 times the nickel particles.
- the nickel content in the nickel nanoparticle composite of Example 1 is similar to the nickel content in the zeolite supporting nickel of Comparative Example 1, but as described above, the Example In contrast, the nickel particles of Comparative Example 1 have a particle diameter larger than 50 nm, and there is a significant difference in the particle diameter of the nickel particles. It was. Therefore, it can be seen that the thermal stability (dispersibility at high temperature) of the nickel particles of Example 1 is extremely superior to the thermal stability of the nickel particles of Comparative Example 1 produced by a general impregnation method. .
- a nickel-supported zeolite was produced by reduction in a hydrogen atmosphere without performing ultraviolet irradiation. More specifically, a sample was prepared in the same manner as in the above-described Example 1 except that ultraviolet irradiation using the xenon lamp as an ultraviolet light source was not performed.
- nickel nanoparticles in a highly dispersed state with a diameter of 5 nm or less can be obtained even when ultraviolet irradiation is not performed.
- the dispersibility of the nickel particles is inhomogeneous compared to the nickel nanoparticle composite of Example 1. It turns out that it is.
- the organometallic complex was partially decomposed by ultraviolet light irradiation and fixed in the pores of the zeolite, whereas it was irradiated with ultraviolet light.
- the organometallic complex since the organometallic complex is not fixed in the pores of the zeolite, part of the organometallic complex is desorbed from the pores by heating in the decomposition and reduction process, resulting in inhomogeneous dispersibility. It is thought that it became.
- zeolite supporting nickel (sample obtained in Comparative Example 1), nickel supporting alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), and ruthenium supporting zeolite were prepared by a general impregnation method. .
- nickel (II) chloride hexahydrate manufactured by SIGMA-ALDRICH
- alumina manufactured by Aldrich, trade name: Aluminum Oxide nanopowder, ⁇ 50
- TEM nm particle size
- the obtained powder was placed on an alumina boat and heat-treated in the atmosphere at 400 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a sample of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) supporting nickel as a comparative example. Furthermore, in order to reduce the obtained sample, it was heated at 400 ° C. for 60 minutes in a hydrogen atmosphere.
- ruthenium chloride manufactured by SIGMA-ALDRICH Co., Ltd., trade name: ruthenium (III) chloride
- the thermal decomposition reaction of ammonia was carried out in a constant volume closed reactor. More specifically, first, the nickel nanoparticle composite obtained in Example 1 (or each sample prepared as the above-mentioned comparative example) in an Inconel sample tube (outer diameter: 12 mm, inner diameter: 10 mm) 100 mg And heated to 500 ° C. in a vacuum. Next, after the sample temperature was stabilized at 500 ° C., 0.100 MPa of ammonia was charged, and the change in pressure accompanying the progress of the reaction was measured for 24 hours.
- the nickel nanoparticle composite obtained in Example 1 has a very excellent catalytic performance as compared with nickel particles supported by a general impregnation method, and is converted into a zeolite by the impregnation method. It was found that the performance was close to that of a supported ruthenium catalyst.
- reaction rate constant ammonia decomposition rate at the initial stage until the partial pressure of ammonia decreased from 1 to 0.9 was calculated.
- Table 3 The above results are shown in Table 3.
- the nickel nanoparticle composite obtained in Example 1 exhibits a decomposition rate of about 5 to 10 times that of nickel particles supported by a general impregnation method. .
- Example 14 when the nickel nanoparticle composite obtained in Example 1 was used as a catalyst, it was found that excellent catalytic activity could be maintained even when the ammonia decomposition reaction was repeated. .
- FIG. 16 shows an electron micrograph (TEM photograph) of the nickel nanoparticle composite after the above ammonia decomposition reaction was performed seven times.
- the mixture of Y-type zeolite and bis (cyclopentadienyl) cobalt (II) was placed in a quartz test tube (outer diameter: 12 mm, inner diameter: 10 mm, length: 100 mm) as a reaction vessel, After the inside of the test tube was reduced to a pressure of 5 to 7 Pa, the test tube was sealed.
- this test tube is heated at 130 ° C. for 8 hours to sublimate bis (cyclopentadienyl) cobalt (II), and bis (cyclopentadienyl) cobalt (II) is contained in the pores of the zeolite. It was made to adsorb to.
- test tube sealed under reduced pressure was opened in the atmosphere, and the inside of the test tube was exposed to the atmosphere.
- the zeolite adsorbed with bis (cyclopentadienyl) cobalt (II) was irradiated with ultraviolet rays for 72 hours,
- the organic component of bis (cyclopentadienyl) cobalt (II) was decomposed to fix cobalt ions in the pores of the zeolite.
- the zeolite irradiated with ultraviolet rays is heated in a hydrogen atmosphere at 400 ° C. for 1 hour to reduce the cobalt ions fixed in the pores of the zeolite to cobalt, thereby forming the zeolite pores.
- a cobalt nanoparticle composite carrying cobalt nanoparticles was prepared.
- the cobalt nanoparticle composite obtained in this example was observed with a transmission electron microscope (manufactured by JEOL Ltd., trade name: JEM-2010) having an acceleration voltage of 200 kV.
- the obtained electron micrographs (TEM photographs) are shown in FIGS.
- the cobalt nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in the zeolite, and the particle diameter is as follows. It can be seen that it is 5 nm or less.
- the present invention is suitable for a method for producing a metal nanoparticle composite in which metal nanoparticles usable for a catalyst or the like are dispersed, and a metal nanoparticle composite produced by the method.
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Abstract
Description
まず、上述の多孔体を加熱して、多孔体に吸着した吸着水を除去した後、この多孔体と有機金属錯体とを均一に混合する(ステップS1)。
次に、多孔体と有機金属錯体との混合体を、試験管等の反応容器内に入れ、この反応容器の内部を所定の圧力に減圧して反応容器を密封した後、所定時間、所定温度で加熱することにより、有機金属錯体を気化(例えば、昇華)させて、有機金属錯体を多孔体の細孔内に吸着させる(ステップS2)。
次に、多孔体の細孔内に吸着させた有機金属錯体の有機化合物(有機成分である配位子)を分解して、有機金属錯体における金属イオンを多孔体の細孔内に定着させる。より具体的には、例えば、細孔内に有機金属錯体が吸着した多孔体に対して、所定時間、紫外線を照射することにより、有機金属錯体の有機化合物の分解を行う(ステップS3)。
次に、細孔内に有機金属錯体が吸着した多孔体を、還元雰囲気下(例えば、水素雰囲気下)において、所定時間、所定温度で加熱処理することにより、多孔体の細孔内に吸着させた有機金属錯体の有機化合物を分解する(ステップS4)と共に、有機金属錯体における金属カチオンを還元して、多孔体の細孔に金属ナノ粒子が担持された金属ナノ粒子複合体を作製する(ステップS5)。
(金属ナノ粒子(ニッケルナノ粒子)複合体の作製)
Y型ゼオライト(和光純薬(株)製,商品名:合成ゼオライトHS-320粉末ナトリウムY、SiO2/Al2O3=5.5)を、真空中において、600℃で20時間、熱処理し、吸着水を除去した。
上述の有機ニッケル錯体であるビス(シクロペンタジエニル)ニッケル(II)の使用量を82mgに変更したこと以外は、上述の実施例1と同様にして、ニッケルナノ粒子複合体を作製した。
次に、実施例1~2で得られたニッケルナノ粒子複合体におけるゼオライトの比表面積及び細孔容積を算出した。より具体的には、蒸気吸着装置(日本ベル(株)製,商品名:BELSORP 18SP)を使用して、77Kにおける窒素吸脱着測定を行うとともに、BET法を用いた解析により評価した。なお、前処理として、ニッケルナノ粒子複合体を、真空中において、300℃で24時間、加熱した。
一般的な含浸法により、ニッケルを担持したゼオライトを作製した。より具体的には、まず、塩化ニッケル(II)六水和物(SIGMA-ALDRICH製)0.063gを、20mlのイオン交換水に溶解した。
上述の塩化ニッケル(II)六水和物の使用量を0.156gに変更したこと以外は、上述の比較例1と同様にして、ニッケルを担持したゼオライトを作製した。
また、比較例1~2において、実施例1~2と同様にして、還元後の試料の比表面積及び細孔容積評価を行った。以上の結果を表1に示す。表1に示すように、比較例1~2で得られた試料におけるゼオライトの比表面積及び細孔容積は、参考用のゼオライトの比表面積及び細孔容積と同程度であることから、ニッケル粒子はゼオライトの外表面に存在することが示唆された。
上述の特許文献1に記載の方法により、ニッケルを担持したゼオライトを作製した。より具体的には、まず、X型ゼオライト(SIGMA-ALDRICH製,商品名:Molecular Sieves13X)100gを1Mの酢酸アンモニウム水溶液(SIGMA-ALDRICH製)1000ml中に添加し、室温において、24時間、攪拌することにより、ゼオライト中のナトリウムイオンをアンモニウムイオンと交換した。
次いで、固定床流動型の反応装置を使用して、実施例1で得られたニッケルナノ粒子複合体によるエタノールの水蒸気改質反応(反応時間:6時間)を行い、実施例1で得られたニッケルナノ粒子複合体の触媒性能を評価した。
次に、実施例1~2、及び比較例1~3で得られた各試料におけるニッケル含有量を測定した。より具体的には、まず、各試料に含まれる有機物やアニオンを除去するために、各試料を大気中において、600℃で3時間加熱した。
次に、有機ニッケル錯体に紫外線を照射した場合の、有機化合物の構造変化について評価した。より具体的には、有機ニッケル錯体であるビス(シクロペンタジエニル)ニッケル(II)を、反応容器である石英製の試験管(外径:12mm、内径:10mm、長さ:100mm)に入れ、この試験管の内部を5~7Paの圧力に減圧した後、試験管を密封した。次いで、360nmの波長における照度が12mW/cm2であるキセノンランプを紫外線の光源として、ビス(シクロペンタジエニル)ニッケル(II)に対して、72時間、紫外線を照射して、ビス(シクロペンタジエニル)ニッケル(II)の有機成分を分解した。なお、紫外線照射中、12時間毎に、試料管を振とうして、試料の混合を行った。
次いで、定容積の反応容器を使用して、実施例1で得られたニッケルナノ粒子複合体によるアンモニア分解反応を行い、実施例1で得られたニッケルナノ粒子複合体の触媒性能を評価した。
実施例1で得られたニッケルナノ粒子複合体を触媒として使用し、上述のアンモニア分解反応における触媒性能評価を5回繰り返し、長期間の使用による安定性を評価した。なお、各試験の間、試料を室温まで冷却した後、システム内をアルゴンで置換した。以上の結果を図14に示す。
(コバルトナノ粒子複合体の作製)
Y型ゼオライト(和光純薬(株)製,商品名:合成ゼオライトHS-320粉末ナトリウムY、SiO2/Al2O3=5.5)を、真空中において、600℃で20時間、熱処理し、吸着水を除去した。
Claims (11)
- 多孔体の細孔に金属ナノ粒子が担持された金属ナノ粒子複合体の製造方法であって、
有機金属錯体を前記多孔体の細孔内に吸着させる吸着工程と、
前記細孔内に前記有機金属錯体が吸着した前記多孔体に対して、還元雰囲気下において、加熱処理を行うことにより、前記多孔体の細孔内に吸着させた前記有機金属錯体の有機化合物を分解すると共に、前記有機金属錯体における金属カチオンを還元して、多孔体の細孔に金属ナノ粒子を担持させる分解還元工程と
を少なくとも備えることを特徴とする金属ナノ粒子複合体の製造方法。 - 前記吸着工程の後であって、前記分解還元工程の前に、前記細孔内に前記有機金属錯体が吸着した前記多孔体に対して、紫外線を照射することにより、前記多孔体の細孔内に吸着させた前記有機金属錯体の有機化合物を分解する分解工程を更に備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の金属ナノ粒子複合体の製造方法。
- 前記分解工程において、前記紫外線の照度が、360nmの波長において1~1000mW/cm2であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の金属ナノ粒子複合体の製造方法。
- 前記吸着工程において、処理時間が1~24時間であることを特徴とする請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の金属ナノ粒子複合体の製造方法。
- 前記分解還元工程において、加熱処理温度が100~500℃であることを特徴とする請求項1~請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の金属ナノ粒子複合体の製造方法。
- 前記分解還元工程において、加熱処理時間が0.5~2時間であることを特徴とする請求項1~請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の金属ナノ粒子複合体の製造方法。
- 前記金属ナノ粒子を構成する金属が、チタン、バナジウム、マンガン、鉄、コバルト、及びニッケルからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項1~請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の金属ナノ粒子複合体の製造方法。
- 前記多孔体が、ゼオライト、多孔質シリカ、多孔質アルミナ、多孔質炭素、及びMOF(Metal-organic framework)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項1~請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の金属ナノ粒子複合体の製造方法。
- 前記金属ナノ粒子の平均粒子径が1~5nmであることを特徴とする請求項1~請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の金属ナノ粒子複合体の製造方法。
- 前記細孔の平均径が5nm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の金属ナノ粒子複合体の製造方法。
- 請求項1~請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法により製造された金属ナノ粒子複合体。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP6284197B2 (ja) | 2018-03-07 |
| JPWO2014083772A1 (ja) | 2017-01-05 |
| US20150290635A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
| US9931623B2 (en) | 2018-04-03 |
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