[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2014059797A1 - 伊维菌素及其衍生物的用途 - Google Patents

伊维菌素及其衍生物的用途 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2014059797A1
WO2014059797A1 PCT/CN2013/077796 CN2013077796W WO2014059797A1 WO 2014059797 A1 WO2014059797 A1 WO 2014059797A1 CN 2013077796 W CN2013077796 W CN 2013077796W WO 2014059797 A1 WO2014059797 A1 WO 2014059797A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
woiv
ivermectin
fxr
avermectin
derivative
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2013/077796
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李勇
金利华
冯需辉
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xiamen University
Original Assignee
Xiamen University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xiamen University filed Critical Xiamen University
Priority to RU2015118579A priority Critical patent/RU2015118579A/ru
Priority to CA2889047A priority patent/CA2889047A1/en
Priority to CN201380054801.XA priority patent/CN105473148A/zh
Priority to BR112015008908A priority patent/BR112015008908A2/pt
Priority to EP13846857.4A priority patent/EP2918274A1/en
Priority to MX2015004884A priority patent/MX2015004884A/es
Priority to KR1020157012948A priority patent/KR20150081433A/ko
Priority to JP2015537115A priority patent/JP2015534954A/ja
Priority to AU2013330877A priority patent/AU2013330877A1/en
Priority to US14/436,836 priority patent/US10052340B2/en
Publication of WO2014059797A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014059797A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7042Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/7048Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having oxygen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. leucoglucosan, hesperidin, erythromycin, nystatin, digitoxin or digoxin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/16Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/04Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/06Antihyperlipidemics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel effective ligand for the famesoid X receptor (FXR), ivermectin, doramectin, and avermectin (abamectin/avermectin). And its derivatives are distinguished from new uses for antiparasitic drugs, as well as methods for the design and optimization of derivatives for new uses.
  • FXR famesoid X receptor
  • ivermectin ivermectin
  • doramectin doramectin
  • avermectin abamectin/avermectin
  • Nuclear receptors are a ligand-activated transcription factor.
  • FXR is a very important member of the body's 48 nuclear receptors and plays an important regulatory role in major diseases such as metabolism, inflammation, and tumors.
  • the ligand-mediated pharmacological action of FXR is that the ligand binds to the FXR ligand binding domain (LBD) and recruits a variety of coactivators (or coactivators) to regulate downstream target genes.
  • LBD FXR ligand binding domain
  • coactivators or coactivators
  • FXR involves many metabolic-related signaling pathways to treat metabolic diseases such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, obesity, biliary obstruction, gallstones, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Excellent drug target molecules such as atherosclerosis. Recently, FXR has been found to regulate liver regeneration, and mouse FXR knockout causes liver cancer to form.
  • Chenodeoxycholic acid abbreviated as CDC A
  • CDCA is the only drug used in clinical applications that binds to FXR.
  • CDCA bile acid-binding protein
  • I-BABP bile acid-binding protein
  • Bile Acid Transporter Biller Acid Transporter
  • Ivermectin and Doramectin are derivatives of abamectin/avermectin produced by Streptomyces, with a broad-spectrum anti-parasitic effect. Verticillin, doramectin and avermectin are mainly used in the treatment of livestock parasite control and human infection. It has been reported that the target of ivermectin in invertebrates is the receptor for Y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (English name gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor) and glutamate-mediated chloride channel receptor (GluClR). ) and other receptors. High affinity and specificity targets for avermectin and its derivatives have not been reported to date in mammals.
  • GABA Y-aminobutyric acid
  • GluClR glutamate-mediated chloride channel receptor
  • the object of the present invention is to provide the use of ivermectin, abamectin/avermectin and doramectin, and derivatives thereof.
  • the ivermectin (referred to as structural formula I) is a derivative of the macrolide avermectin produced by Streptomyces, which has an efficient broad-spectrum antiparasitic effect and is mainly applied to livestock parasites. Control and treatment of human silkworm infections.
  • the ivermectin has a new function that is completely different from the antiparasitic effect. This feature is characterized by the first suggestion that the farnesol receptor is a target protein for specific binding of ivermectin in mammals. Ivermectin regulates the metabolism of sugar, lipid and cholesterol in mammalian serum by high affinity and specific binding to farnesyl alcohol receptor (FXR), effectively reducing the levels of sugar, lipid and cholesterol in the serum of diabetic animal models, improving the corresponding Symptoms. Ivermectin can also mediate inhibition of the inflammatory response via the farnesol receptor.
  • FXR farnesyl alcohol receptor
  • ivermectin and its derivatives are used in the preparation of a medicament for treating metabolic diseases such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, obesity, and the like in mammals, and It has a good application prospect in the treatment of farnesoid receptor-mediated drugs such as biliary obstruction, gallstones, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis, inflammation, cancer and the like.
  • ivermectin such as avermectin (Structure 11), Dolactin (Structural Formula III), etc.
  • avermectin Structure 11
  • Dolactin Structural Formula III
  • Abamectin is a double bond at the C22-C23 position in the ivermectin structure.
  • avermectin binds FXR with high affinity and is also a ligand for FXR, which can effectively reduce the levels of sugar, lipid and cholesterol in the serum of mice fed with high fat ginseng and the weight of epididymal fat pad. Therefore, avermectin has a metabolic-related disease for treating hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, obesity, and the like, and for treating farnesol receptors. New uses for diseases such as biliary obstruction, gallstones, nonalcoholic fatty liver, atherosclerosis, inflammation, cancer, etc.
  • Doramectin in the structure of ivermectin, the C22-C23 position is a double bond, and the C25 position is a benzene ring side chain substitution.
  • doramectin binds FXR with high affinity and is a ligand for FXR, which can effectively reduce the levels of sugar, lipid and cholesterol in the serum of high-fat-fed mice and the weight of epididymal fat pad. Therefore, doramectin has a metabolic-related disease for treating hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, obesity, and the like, and for treating farnesoid receptor-mediated diseases. New uses for diseases such as biliary obstruction, gallstones, nonalcoholic fatty liver, atherosclerosis, inflammation, cancer, etc.
  • Abamectin, ivermectin and its derivatives have been used mainly for livestock parasite control and human filariasis for more than 20 years.
  • the treatment of infection, the mechanism of action is selective binding to glutamate-mediated chloride channel receptors in invertebrate nerves and muscle cells, interrupting the transmission of nerve impulses to muscle cells, causing parasitic paralysis to be killed or excluded.
  • Ivermectin and its derivatives can also bind to the receptor of Y-aminobutyric acid and exert the same effect.
  • glutamate-mediated chloride channel receptors have not been reported in mammals.
  • Y-aminobutyric acid receptors are only located in the central nervous system, and mammals have a blood-brain barrier that can effectively prevent avermectin. Ivermectin and its derivatives enter the central nervous system. Therefore, avermectin, ivermectin and its derivatives have a high safety factor in mammals under normal conditions.
  • avermectin, ivermectin and its derivatives have been clinically applied in humans for more than 20 years, their safety to human body has been ensured, and the present invention finds avermectin, ivermectin and its Derivatives can effectively regulate the metabolism of sugar, lipid and cholesterol in mammalian serum, effectively reducing the levels of sugar, insulin, triglyceride and cholesterol in animal models, indicating avermectin, ivermectin and its derivatives. It has a good application prospect in the treatment of related diseases such as sugar metabolism and lipid metabolism.
  • the present invention fully demonstrates the novelty, safety, and efficacy of avermectin, ivermectin and its derivatives in treating mammalian diseases such as farnesoid receptor-mediated metabolic diseases.
  • the drug yield is high, the cost is low, and it has great social and economic benefits.
  • the present invention provides a unique structural mode of binding of ivermectin to the farnesol receptor at the atomic level by X-ray crystal diffraction, and provides a safe design for ligand drugs targeting farnesol receptors. Leading drug small molecule and drug optimized structure template and design method.
  • the anti-parasitic drug ivermectin (ivermectin ⁇ avermectin) was obtained by high-throughput screening.
  • the use of ivermectin in the treatment of inflammatory responses is determined by modulation of inflammatory response target genes.
  • avermectin ivermectin and doramectin in the treatment of mammals with hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, obesity and other diseases, as well as metabolic related
  • FXR farnesoid receptor-mediated biliary obstruction, gallstones, nonalcoholic fatty liver, atherosclerosis and other diseases
  • Figure 1 shows the recruitment of the secondary regulatory factor SRC1 by Abamectin, Ivermectin ⁇ Doramectin and FXR.
  • GW4064 was used as a positive control for FXR activators.
  • FIG. 2 shows the specific transcriptional activation of the FXR receptor by 0.5 ⁇ Ivermectin.
  • COS-7 cells were co-transfected with a reporter gene constructed by a full-length expression plasmid of different nuclear receptors such as FXR and corresponding endogenous binding elements of different nuclear receptors. After transfection, cells were separately treated with DMSO, 0.5 ⁇ Ivermectin or a specific agonist against each nuclear receptor.
  • Figure 3 is a crystal diffraction structure diagram of the FXR protein and Ivermectin binding complex.
  • Ivermectin which is incorporated into FXR's LBD ligand pocket, is represented by a rod-like structure.
  • NCoR2 represents a polypeptide which binds to FXR in the co-regulator NCoR which forms a complex with FXR and Ivermectin.
  • Figure 4 shows the Ivermectin electron cloud map combined with FXR.
  • Figure 5 shows the mutational effects of key amino acid sites of FXR interacting with Ivermectin.
  • Ivermectin and GW4064 activate the transcriptional activity of FXR.
  • the expression plasmid expressing FXR (wt) or the corresponding point mutation was co-transfected into COS-7 cells with EcRE reporter gene, and cells were treated with Ivermectin and GW4064, and transcriptional activity was detected 24 hours later.
  • the abscissa shows wild type FXR (wt) and FXR mutants at 4 amino acid positions.
  • FIG. 6 shows that Abamectin and Doramectin treatment had no effect on food intake in wild-type and FXR knockout mice, but reduced serum glucose levels in wild-type mice. ** is p ⁇ 0.01.
  • FIG. 7 shows the reduction of serum glucose, insulin and cholesterol levels in wild-type mice (WT) fed with high-fat words, respectively, after Ivermectin treatment. In FXR knockout mice (KO), these indicators were not affected by drug treatment. * is p ⁇ 0.05; ** is p ⁇ 0.01.
  • Figure 8 shows the reduction of cholesterol levels in mice, including high-density lipoprotein and low-density/very low-density lipoprotein, after Ivermectin treatment. In FXR knockout mice (KO), these indicators were not affected by drug treatment. * is p ⁇ 0.05; ** is p ⁇ 0.01, and *** is p ⁇ 0.001.
  • Figure 9 is a diagram showing that Abamectin and Doramectin treatment reduced serum cholesterol in high-density mice fed high-density vocabulary, including high-density lipoprotein and low-density/very low-density lipoprotein levels. * is p ⁇ 0.05; *** is p ⁇ 0.001.
  • Figure 10 is a reduction in serum triglyceride levels and epididymal fat pad/body weight in wild-type mice fed a high-fat diet after treatment with Abamectin and Doramectin. * is p ⁇ 0.05 ; *** is p ⁇ 0.001.
  • Figure 11 shows no effect on the activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in wild-type mice after treatment with Ivermectin.
  • Figure 12 shows that hepatic tissue sections of wild-type mice treated with Ivermectin showed hematoxylin/eosin staining indicating that Ivermectin had no liver damage. Vehicle indicates a blank control with no drug added.
  • FIG. 13 shows the expression of FXR target genes and genes related to carbohydrate, triglyceride and cholesterol metabolism in the liver of wild-type mice treated with Ivermectin by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. * is p ⁇ 0.05; ** is p ⁇ 0.01.
  • Figure 14 shows that Ivermectin treatment has no effect on food intake in KK-Ay diabetic mice, but reduces body weight. * is p ⁇ 0.05.
  • FIG. 15 shows that Ivermectin treatment reduced serum and insulin levels in KK-Ay mice. ** is p ⁇ 0.01 o
  • Figure 16 shows that Ivermectin treatment reduced serum cholesterol, triglyceride levels and free fatty acid levels in KK-Ay mice. ** is p ⁇ 0.01.
  • Figure 17 shows that Abamectin and Doramectin have no effect on KK-Ay mice, and reduce the relative body weight and serum glucose levels of KK-Ay fed by high-fat diets. *** is ⁇ .001.
  • Figure 18 shows the reduction of serum cholesterol (including cholesterol in high-density lipoprotein and low-density/very low-density lipoprotein) and serum triglyceride in high-fat-fed KK-Ay mice after treatment with Abamectin and Doramectin. Ester level. * is p ⁇ 0.05; ** is p ⁇ 0.01, and *** is p ⁇ 0.001.
  • FIG. 19 shows that Ivermectin inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory response-related gene expression (including iNOS, TNFa, IL-6 and MIP-la). * is p ⁇ 0.05; ** is p ⁇ 0.01.
  • the recovered fragment and the vector are linked at a molar ratio of 3:1.
  • the ligation system was: FXR LBD DNA fragment 2 ⁇ L, pET24a (Novagen) vector 2 ⁇ , 5 X ligation buffer (Invitrogen) 2 ⁇ , T4 DNA ligase (Invitrogen) 0.5 ⁇ L, force B ddH 2 0 to 10 ⁇ . The reaction was carried out for 30 min at room temperature.
  • Protein elution elute the protein on the column with a gradient of elution buffers A and B (elution buffer A component: 25 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 25 mM Imidazole and 10% glycerol, pH 7.5; elution buffer) Liquid B component: 25 mM Tris, 150 mM Imidazole and 10% glycerol, pH 7.5), by controlling the imidazole concentration gradient at 25-500 mM, to elute the histidine tag with similar structure at a suitable concentration competition Target protein.
  • the target protein solution eluted from the nickel ion exchange column is further purified by a Hiload 26 molecular sieve column (GE Healthcare) using different molecular weights.
  • the procedure is as follows: the protein solution collected by the nickel column is injected into the AKTA sample loop through a syringe.
  • the protein elution buffer was changed to elution buffer C (elution buffer C: 25 mM Tris, pH 7.5) containing 10 mM NaCl.
  • the complex was prepared by using NcoR2 polypeptide (PASNLGLEDIIRKALMGS) synthesized from Kingsray and FXR LBD protein: 20 ml protein obtained by molecular sieve column chromatography and NcoR2 polypeptide and Ivermectin molar ratio 1: 1 : 1 mixed with 10 kD MILLIPORE 15 ml Concentrate in a concentrating tube, concentrate by centrifugation at 4,000 rpm at 4 ° C, and concentrate the protein to a final concentration of 10 mg/ml.
  • NcoR2 polypeptide PASNLGLEDIIRKALMGS
  • the reaction system for this experiment was a 20 nM ⁇ ] histidine-tagged receptor LBD protein, 20 nM biotinylated labeled cofactor polypeptide, 5 g/ml donor and acceptor beads, and buffer (50 mM MOPS). 50 mM NaF, 0.05 mM CHAPS, and 0.1 mg/ml bovine serum albumin, pH 7.4), 50 ⁇ L of the reaction system was reacted at room temperature for 1 h in a 384-well plate, and then read at 680 nm under excitation light with an AlphaScreen detector. 620 nm emitted light signal.
  • the biotinylated polypeptide and sequence used for Alphascreen analysis were SRC1-2, SPSSHSSLTERHKILHRLLQEGSP.
  • FX full-length plasmid The human FXR full-length cDNA expression sequence was cloned into the pCMX expression vector by classical cloning.
  • [60] (2) FXR point mutation expression vector for obtaining key binding sites.
  • the mutation was carried out using the Quick-Change site-directed mutagenesis kit (Stratagene).
  • the mutation reaction system was as follows: wild type plasmid pCMX-FXR (50 ng) 0.5 ⁇ , mutant primer (100 ⁇ ) 0.2 ⁇ , pfu DNA polymerase ( Invitrogen) (2 U) 1 ⁇ , 10 mM dNTPs 1 ⁇ , 10 X PC buffer 5 ⁇ , ddH20 43 L.
  • the PCR procedure was: 94 ° C for 2 min; 94 ° C for 30 s, 55 ° C for 1 min, 72 V for 7 min, 15 cycles.
  • the 20 ⁇ PCR product was digested with Dpn I methylase and 2 ⁇ of the digested product was transformed into E. coli Transl09 competent cells. After 30 min in ice bath, heat shock was applied at 42 °C for 30 s.
  • the monoclonal was picked up in 2 ml of LB liquid medium containing 100 g/ml ampicillin and cultured overnight at 37 °C.
  • the shaken solution was subjected to plasmid extraction using Qiagen MiniPrep Plasmid Mini Kit. The plasmid was sequenced and identified.
  • COS-7 cells of monkey kidney epithelial cells were cultured in DMEM medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. COS-7 cells were seeded in 24-well plates one day prior to transfection, and the seeding density was 5 X 10 4 cells/per Hole, transfection the next day. Transfection was performed using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) for transient transfection. In a reporter gene assay, 200 ng of the nuclear receptor full-length expression plasmid or its mutant expression plasmid was co-transfected with 200 ng of the endogenous promoter reporter gene and 30 ng of Renilla luciferase expression plasmid.
  • the various nuclear receptors and corresponding reporter genes are used as follows: human FX, EcRE-Luc; A PPA s ( ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ ), PP E-Luc; human RORs ( ⁇ , ⁇ and ⁇ ), Pcp2/ ORE-Luc ; human GR and mouth PR, MMTV-Luc; human RARa and RARp, pRE-LuCo
  • the cells treated according to the above transfection method were added to the ligand after 4-6 h of transfection, and the concentration of Ivermectin used for the reporter gene analysis in the examples was 0.5 ⁇ .
  • the specific ligands and concentrations for each nuclear receptor in Figure 2 are: FXR, 0.5 ⁇ GW4064; PPA a, 1 ⁇ GW590735; PPARS, 1 ⁇ GW0472; PPA y, 1 ⁇ rosiglitazone (Rosin) ; glucocorticoid receptor (G), 0.1 ⁇ dexamethasone (dexamethasone); rogesterone receptor (PR), 0.1 ⁇ progesterone (lutein hormone); A and RA p, 1 ⁇ all-trans-retinoic acid (all-trans-retinoic acid) ); PX , 10 ⁇ rifampicin (rifampicin); CAR, 5 ⁇ CITCO ((6-(4-chloroph
  • Lysates were used for luciferase assays. 10 cells were lysed and transferred to a 96-well plate. After adding 50 ⁇ L of luciferase reaction solution, the emission signal at 560 nm was detected using an EnSpire TM 2300 multi-plate reader (Perkin Elmer), followed by the addition of Stop&Glo® reaction solution. The luciferase reaction was terminated and the renilla luciferase activity was detected. The activity of the reporter gene was determined by renilla activity. Parameters.
  • mice The patient was intraperitoneally injected at 9:00 every morning for 14 consecutive days, and the body weight of the mice and the food intake of the mice were weighed every other day. After the end of 14 days, the mice were given free water, and after 6 h of starvation, the body weight of the mice was weighed, and the change in body weight of the mice was expressed as the percentage of the initial body weight before the injection test. Blood is then taken from the eyeball and serum is separated. Serum components were determined by the following kits: Sugar-Oxidase Method (Beijing Pulilai); Insulin (Crystal Chem.
  • the reaction system is as follows: SYBR Premix Ex Taq (2 X ) 12.5 ⁇ , Pre-PCR primer ( ⁇ ⁇ ) 1 ⁇ , PCR primer ( ⁇ ⁇ ) 1 ⁇ , cDNA template 2 ⁇ L, sterilized distilled water 8.5 ⁇ L, total 25 ⁇ Lo
  • the step amplification PCR program pre-denaturation at 95 ° C for 30 s, PCR reaction at 95 ° C for 5 s, 60 ° C for 40 s 0 40 cycles.
  • Example 1 Proving that Ivermectin is a novel FXR ligand with high affinity and high specificity.
  • the affinity of GW4064 for FXR was 140 nM, and the EC50 of ivermectin, doramectin, and avermectin were 400 nM, 500 nM, and 1.25 ⁇ , respectively (Fig. 1). It shows that ivermectin, avermectin and doramectin have a high affinity for binding to FXR.
  • ivermectin specifically binds to FXR, we co-transfected COS-7 cells with the FXR endogenous reporter gene EcRE and a plasmid expressing full-length FXR.
  • ivermectin only specifically activated the transcriptional activity of FXR in the different nuclear receptors detected, but did not affect other nuclear receptors tested (Fig. 2). This reflects the high specificity of ivermectin as a FXR ligand.
  • Example 3 a unique binding site of ivermectin in the FXR ligand binding pocket
  • Example 4 ivermectin can effectively regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids in mammals
  • FX is an important nuclear receptor that is first used as a receptor for cholic acid to regulate the circulation and balance of bile acids in the liver and small intestine. Recently, it has been found that FXR regulates the metabolism of sugars and lipids in living organisms.
  • the synthetic FXR ligand GW4064 is able to lower blood lipids and cholesterol levels through FXR, but it is not clinically useful due to the cytotoxicity and pharmacodynamics of GW4064.
  • mice fed with high-fat words were intraperitoneally injected with the control reagent and ivermectin or its derivatives for two weeks as described in the specific method, and found that the drug had no effect on the feeding of the mice (Fig. 6), Avi Treatment with bacteriocin, ivermectin and its derivatives dolacectine significantly reduced serum levels of glucose ( Figure 6, Figure 7) and cholesterol ( Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 9) in wild-type mice, but at FXR There were no significant changes in the knockout mice.
  • Abamectin, ivermectin and its derivatives, doramectin down-regulate serum cholesterol levels in mice, including not only significantly lower cholesterol levels in high-density lipoproteins, but also low-density lipoproteins and very low density Cholesterol levels in lipoproteins (Figure 8, Figure 9).
  • avermectin, ivermectin and its derivative doramectin also significantly reduced serum triglyceride (Tg) levels in wild-type mice (Figure 10).
  • Tg serum triglyceride
  • the specific gravity of the epididymal fat pad in avermectin and doramectin-treated mice was also significantly down-regulated (Figure 10) to demonstrate their therapeutic effect on obesity.
  • ivermectin had no effect on transaminase activity.
  • Paraffin-embedded, sectioned, and hematoxylin/eosin staining of the liver of ivermectin-treated mice showed that ivermectin had no damage to liver cells.
  • Example 5 the role of avermectin, ivermectin and its derivative doramectin in a diabetic mouse model
  • avermectin, ivermectin and its derivatives, doxectin, as ligands for FXR are capable of exerting important metabolic regulatory functions in normal mice, can they improve the efficacy of pathological mice? ?
  • avermectin, ivermectin and its derivative doramectin in diabetic obese model mice we selected the diabetic obese model mouse KK-Ay mouse as the experimental object. This mouse showed significant symptoms of hyperglycemia and obesity around 8-12 weeks. In the experiment, we used 9-10 weeks of KK-Ay mice, fed with high-fat words and intraperitoneal injection for 14 days. In the case of no effect on the feeding of mice (Fig.
  • ivermectin and GW4064 were significantly Reduced serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acids (Figure 16); but in terms of blood sugar, ivermectin significantly reduced serum glucose and insulin levels, suggesting that ivermectin may lower blood sugar by increasing insulin sensitivity In this respect, the function of ivermectin as a ligand for FXR is significantly superior to GW4064 (Fig. 15). Moreover, ivermectin treatment significantly reduced the body weight of KK-Ay mice, which is also superior to GW4064 ( Figure 14). These results indicate that ivermectin has a good balance of blood sugar, blood lipids and cholesterol, and inhibits weight gain in diabetic and obese model mice, and has superior functions and efficacy compared to the synthetic ligand GW4064.
  • Example 6 Ivermectin mediates inhibition of LPS-induced inflammatory response via FXR
  • ivermectin has a completely different function from the action of antiparasitic drugs and can be used for treating hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia in mammals.
  • Metabolic-related diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and new uses for the treatment of farnesoid receptor-mediated biliary obstruction, gallstones, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis, inflammation, cancer, and the like.
  • ivermectin is used as a safe lead compound, and the molecular structure of ivermectin is used as a drug design template to bind the ivermectin and FXR receptors.
  • appropriate modification of certain groups of ivermectin may increase the affinity and specificity of ligand-receptor binding to achieve optimal drug efficacy, thereby minimizing the ligand drug.
  • Amount to achieve the best drug treatment effect, reduce the toxicity of drugs to cells and the body.
  • the structure of Ivermectin is as follows:
  • the present invention provides derivatives of avermectin, ivermectin, and doramectin or a composition containing any of them in preparation for treating hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and high glycerol in a mammal Drugs for metabolic diseases such as esteremia, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, obesity, etc., and for the treatment of farnesoid receptor-mediated biliary obstruction, gallstones, nonalcoholic fatty liver, atherosclerosis, inflammation , the application of cancer drugs. Reference materials related to the present invention before the date of application
  • PROGRAM REFMAC 5. 6. 0117

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Diabetes (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Obesity (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Endocrinology (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
  • Rheumatology (AREA)
  • Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及伊维菌素(ivermectin)、阿维菌素(abamectin/avermectin)和多拉克汀(doramectin)等抗寄生虫药物的新用途,以及用于该新用途的衍生物的设计方法。所述化合物在制备用于治疗哺乳动物高血糖、胰岛素抗性、高甘油三酯血症、高胆固醇血症、糖尿病、肥胖症等代谢相关疾病的药物,以及用于治疗法尼醇受体(Famesoid X receptor, FXR)介导的胆汁阻塞、胆结石、非酒精性脂肪肝、动脉粥样硬化、炎症、癌症等疾病的药物中的应用。所述化合物涉及大环内酯阿维菌素、伊维菌素和多拉克汀,以及它们的衍生物。

Description

说明书
发明名称: 伊维菌素及其衍生物的用途
技术领域
[ 1] 本发明涉及一种法尼醇受体 (Famesoid X receptor, FXR)的新的有效的配体伊维菌素 (ivermectin) 、 多拉克汀 (doramectin)和阿维菌素 (abamectin/avermectin)及其衍生物区别于抗寄 生虫药物的新用途, 以及用于新用途的衍生物的设计和优化方法。
背景技术
[2] 核受体是一种配体激活的转录因子。 FXR是人体 48种核受体中非常重要的一员, 在 代谢、 炎症、 肿瘤等重大疾病及相关生理功能中起着重要的调控作用。 FXR的配体介导的药 理作用原理是配体通过与 FXR的配体结合域(LBD ) 结合, 招募各类辅激活因子(或辅抑制 因子)来调节下游靶基因。在体内, 胆汁酸是 FXR的内源性配体, FXR的激活能够维持胆汁 酸在肝脏和小肠中的正常循环和稳态, 同时能够调节糖类、 脂类和胆固醇的水平。 FXR牵涉 到许多代谢相关的信号通路, 成为治疗代谢疾病如高血糖、 胰岛素抗性、 高甘油三酯血症、 高胆固醇血症、 糖尿病、 肥胖症、 胆汁阻塞、 胆结石、 非酒精性脂肪肝、 动脉粥样硬化等出 色的药物靶分子。最近, FXR被发现能够调节肝脏的再生, 小鼠 FXR基因敲除会导致肝癌的 形成。 鹅去氧胆酸 (英文名 chenodeoxycholic acid, 缩写 CDC A) 是一种能结合并激活 FXR 的胆酸, 用于治疗胆结石。 CDCA是能结合 FXR的配体中唯一用于临床的药物。但是 CDCA 对 FXR的亲和性远远低于人工合成的 FXR的配体 GW4064, 而且 CDCA还能结合胆酸结合 蛋白 (I-BABP ) 和胆酸转运蛋白 (Bile Acid Transporter) 等其它蛋白, 因此, CDCA也不是 特异性以 FXR为靶标的药物。 现有药物中约 13%都是以核受体为靶标的, 基于 FXR参与调 控的重要生理作用, 筛选以 FXR为靶标的新配体药物以及对配体药物进行优化、设计和开发 具有重要的应用价值。
[3] 伊维菌素 (ivermectin)和多拉克汀 (Doramectin) 是链霉菌产生的大环内酯阿维菌素 (abamectin/avermectin)的衍生物, 具有高效广谱的抗寄生虫作用, 伊维菌素、 多拉克汀和阿维 菌素主要应用于家畜寄生虫控制和人 虫感染的治疗。 已有报道表明伊维菌素在无脊椎动物 中的靶标是 Y -氨基丁酸(GABA) 的受体(英文名 gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor)和谷氨 酸介导的氯离子通道受体 (GluClR) 等受体。 迄今为止尚未报道在哺乳动物中存在阿维菌素 及其衍生物的高亲和力和特异性的靶标。
发明内容
[4] 本发明的目的在于提供伊维菌素 ( ivermectin)、 阿维菌素 (abamectin/avermectin) 禾口 多拉克汀 (doramectin) , 及其衍生物的用途。
[5] 所述伊维菌素 (记为结构式 I ) 是链霉菌产生的大环内酯阿维菌素的一种衍生物, 具 有高效广谱的抗寄生虫作用, 主要应用于家畜寄生虫控制和人丝虫感染的治疗。
结构式 I
Figure imgf000003_0001
[6] 所述伊维菌素具有完全不同于抗寄生虫作用的新功能。 该功能的特征在于, 首次提出 法尼醇受体是伊维菌素在哺乳动物体内特异性结合的靶标蛋白。 伊维菌素通过高亲和力并特 异性结合法尼醇受体 (FXR), 调节哺乳动物血清中糖、脂和胆固醇的代谢, 有效降低糖尿病动 物模型血清中糖、 脂和胆固醇的水平, 改善相应的症状。 伊维菌素还能通过法尼醇受体介导 抑制炎症反应。 因此, 伊维菌素及其衍生物在制备用于治疗哺乳动物高血糖、 胰岛素抗性、 高甘油三酯血症、 高胆固醇血症、 糖尿病、 肥胖症等代谢相关疾病的药物, 以及用于治疗法 尼醇受体介导的胆汁阻塞、 胆结石、 非酒精性脂肪肝、 动脉粥样硬化、 炎症、 癌症等疾病的 药物中具有很好的应用前景。
[7] 所述伊维菌素的衍生物或类似物, 例如阿维菌素 (结构式 11)、 多拉克汀 (结构式 III) 等, 有伊维菌素相似的特性及用途。
结构式 Π
Figure imgf000004_0001
结构式 III
Figure imgf000004_0002
[8] 阿维菌素是在伊维菌素结构式中 C22-C23位为双键。 我们发现阿维菌素能高亲和力特 异性结合 FXR, 也是 FXR的配体, 能有效降低高脂词料喂养的小鼠血清中糖、脂和胆固醇的 水平以及附睾脂肪垫的重量。 因此, 阿维菌素具有用于治疗哺乳动物高血糖、 胰岛素抗性、 高甘油三酯血症、 高胆固醇血症、 糖尿病、 肥胖症等代谢相关疾病, 以及用于治疗法尼醇受 体介导的胆汁阻塞、 胆结石、 非酒精性脂肪肝、 动脉粥样硬化、 炎症、 癌症等疾病的新用途。
[9] 多拉克汀 (Doramectin), 是在伊维菌素结构式中 C22-C23位为双键, C25位是苯环侧 链取代。我们发现多拉克汀能高亲和力特异性结合 FXR, 也是 FXR的配体, 能有效降低高脂 词料喂养的小鼠血清中糖、 脂和胆固醇的水平以及附睾脂肪垫的重量。 因此, 多拉克汀具有 用于治疗哺乳动物高血糖、 胰岛素抗性、 高甘油三酯血症、 高胆固醇血症、 糖尿病、 肥胖症 等代谢相关疾病, 以及用于治疗法尼醇受体介导的胆汁阻塞、 胆结石、 非酒精性脂肪肝、 动 脉粥样硬化、 炎症、 癌症等疾病的新用途。
[10] 根据以上阿维菌素、伊维菌素及其衍生物多拉克汀的结构与功能, 我们推测阿维菌素 和伊维菌素的其他能与 FXR结合的结构类似物或衍生物可能也具有类似的功能及用途。
[11] 阿维菌素、伊维菌素及其衍生物二十多年来一直主要用于家畜寄生虫控制和人丝虫感 染的治疗, 其作用机制是选择性的与无脊椎动物神经和肌肉细胞中谷氨酸介导的氯离子通道 受体结合, 中断神经冲动向肌细胞的传递, 导致寄生虫麻痹致死或被排除体外。 伊维菌素及 其衍生物还能与 Y -氨基丁酸的受体结合, 发挥同样作用。 但是哺乳动物中尚未报道存在谷氨 酸介导的氯离子通道受体, 哺乳动物中 Y -氨基丁酸受体仅位于中枢神经系统, 而哺乳动物有 血脑屏障, 能有效阻止阿维菌素、 伊维菌素及其衍生物进入中枢神经系统, 因此, 正常情况 下阿维菌素、 伊维菌素及其衍生物在哺乳动物中安全系数高。 鉴于阿维菌素、 伊维菌素及其 衍生物在人体内临床应用已经超过二十年, 其对人体的安全性已经得到了保证, 本发明发现 阿维菌素、 伊维菌素及其衍生物能有效调节哺乳动物血清中糖、 脂和胆固醇的代谢, 有效降 低动物模型血清中糖、 胰岛素、 甘油三酯和胆固醇的水平, 表明了阿维菌素、 伊维菌素及其 衍生物在糖代谢、 脂代谢等法尼醇受体介导的相关疾病治疗中的很好的应用前景。
[ 12] 本发明充分说明了阿维菌素、伊维菌素及其衍生物在哺乳动物中治疗法尼醇受体介导 的代谢性疾病等相关疾病的新颖性、 安全性、 有效性, 药物产量多、 成本低并具有巨大的社 会价值和经济效益。 另外, 本发明通过 X射线晶体衍射, 从原子水平上提供了伊维菌素与法 尼醇受体结合的独特结构模式, 为以法尼醇受体为靶标的配体药物设计提供了安全的先导药 物小分子以及药物优化结构模板和设计方法。
[ 13] 以法尼醇受体与伊维菌素结合的三维晶体结构模式为根据 (附录 1 ), 以伊维菌素结 构式 (如结构式 I ) 为结构基础, 进行药物设计、 药物合成和药物筛选的方法, 具体步骤为: 以结构式 I为结构基础, 对该结构式中 C3-C4, C8-C9, C10-C11 , C14-C15碳碳双键进行改 造; 对 C5、 C7、 C4"位羟基进行改造; 对 C4、 C12、 C14、 C24、 C25位的侧链进行改造; 对 C13位的糖基进行水解以及其他基团进行取代等改造方法。 特征在于以上任何单一改造和 不同方式改造的组合在制备治疗哺乳动物高血糖、 胰岛素抗性、 高甘油三酯血症、 高胆固醇 血症、 糖尿病、 肥胖症等代谢相关疾病, 以及用于治疗法尼醇受体介导的胆汁阻塞、 胆结石、 非酒精性脂肪肝、 动脉粥样硬化、 炎症、 癌症等疾病中的应用。
[ 14] 本发明的技术方案是:
[ 15] 通过高通量筛选得到抗寄生虫药物伊维菌素 (ivermectin^ 阿维菌素
( abamectin/avermectin) 和多拉克汀 ( doramectin) 是 FXR的特异性配体。
[ 16] 基于体外转染实验中荧光素酶报告基因活性分析及分子结构水平阐述这种受体与配 体间的特异的选择性识别; 通过小鼠原代肝细胞培养和小鼠模型检测伊维菌素处理后相关靶 基因的表达及相关信号通路的调节状态, 阐述对下游信号通路的影响; 检测阿维菌素、 伊维 菌素和多拉克汀处理的小鼠模型中各项生化指标的变化并结合相应的信号通路的变化阐述致 病的分子机理; 用糖尿病肥胖症模型小鼠经阿维菌素、 伊维菌素和多拉克汀药物处理, 确定 这几种药物在用于治疗哺乳动物高血糖、 胰岛素抗性、 高甘油三酯血症、 高胆固醇血症、 糖 尿病、 肥胖症等疾病的效果, 以及代谢相关的法尼醇受体介导的胆汁阻塞、 胆结石、 非酒精 性脂肪肝、 动脉粥样硬化等疾病中的用途。 通过炎症反应靶基因的调节确定伊维菌素在治疗 炎症反应中的用途。
[ 17] 同样的方法, 用阿维菌素、 伊维菌素和多拉克汀分别对高脂词料喂养的野生型小鼠 和 FXR基因敲除小鼠进行注射处理, 发现这些衍生物能有效降低野生型小鼠的附睾脂肪垫 / 体重比例, 血清葡萄糖、 甘油三酯和胆固醇水平。 从而确定阿维菌素、 伊维菌素和多拉克汀 在用于治疗哺乳动物高血糖、 胰岛素抗性、 高甘油三酯血症、 高胆固醇血症、 糖尿病、 肥胖 症等疾病, 以及代谢相关的法尼醇受体介导的胆汁阻塞、 胆结石、 非酒精性脂肪肝、 动脉粥 样硬化等疾病中的用途是通过 FXR实现的。
[ 18] 将 FXR与伊维菌素制备复合物, 通过结晶学手段, 对该复合物进行结晶、 X射线晶 体衍射以及结构解析, 从原子水平阐明了 FXR与伊维菌素相互结合的独特结合模式, 为以 FXR为靶标的哺乳动物的上述疾病的治疗药物的设计提供了安全的先导药物小分子以及以该 分子结构为模板的衍生物药物设计与合成方法。
附图说明
[19] 图 1为 Abamectin、 Ivermectin^ Doramectin与 FXR结合后募集辅调节因子 SRC1的活 性。 GW4064作为 FXR激活剂阳性对照。
[20] 图 2为 0.5 μΜ Ivermectin对 FXR受体的特异性转录激活。用 FXR等不同核受体的全 长表达质粒和不同核受体相应的内源结合元件构建的报告基因共同转染 COS-7细胞。转染后, 用 DMSO、 0.5 μΜ Ivermectin或针对各核受体的特异性激动剂分别处理细胞。
[21] 图 3为 FXR蛋白与 Ivermectin结合复合体的晶体衍射结构图。 结合在 FXR的 LBD 配体口袋的 Ivermectin用棒状结构式表示。 NCoR2表示与 FXR和 Ivermectin形成复合体的辅 调节因子 NCoR中与 FXR结合序列的多肽。
[22] 图 4为结合在 FXR上的 Ivermectin电子云图谱。
[23] 图 5为与 Ivermectin相互作用的 FXR的关键氨基酸位点的突变影响 Ivermectin和 GW4064激活 FXR的转录活性。 全长表达 FXR (wt)或相应点突变的表达质粒与 EcRE报告基因 共转染于 COS-7细胞, 用 Ivermectin和 GW4064处理细胞, 24小时后检测转录活性。 横坐标表 示野生型的 FXR (wt) 和 4个氨基酸位点的 FXR突变体。
[24] 图 6是 Abamectin和 Doramectin处理对野生型和 FXR基因敲除小鼠摄食量无影响, 但降 低了野生型小鼠血清葡萄糖水平。 **为 p<0.01。
[25] 图 7为 Ivermectin处理后分别降低了高脂词料喂养的野生型小鼠 (WT) 血清中糖, 胰岛素和胆固醇的水平。 在 FXR基因敲除型小鼠 (KO) 中, 这些指标未受药物处理影响。 * 为 p<0.05; **为 p<0.01。
[26] 图 8为 Ivermectin处理后下调小鼠体内胆固醇水平包括高密度脂蛋白和低密度 /极低密 度脂蛋白中的胆固醇。 在 FXR基因敲除型小鼠 (KO) 中, 这些指标未受药物处理影响。 *为 p<0.05; **为 p<0.01, ***为 p<0.001。
[27] 图 9是说明 Abamectin和 Doramectin处理降低高脂词料喂养的野生型小鼠血清胆固醇 包括高密度脂蛋白和低密度 /极低密度脂蛋白水平中的胆固醇。 *为 p<0.05; ***为 p<0.001。
[28] 图 10是 Abamectin和 Doramectin处理后降低了高脂词料喂养的野生型小鼠血清甘油 三酯水平和附睾脂肪垫 /体重。 *为 p<0.05; ***为 p<0.001。
[29] 图 11为 Ivermectin处理后对野生型小鼠的谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶的活性无影响。
[30] 图 12为 Ivermectin处理后野生型小鼠的肝脏组织切片苏木精 /伊红染色表明 Ivermectin 无肝脏损伤。 Vehicle表示注射不加药物的空白对照。
[31] 图 13为利用实时荧光定量 PCR方法检测 Ivermectin处理后野生型小鼠肝脏内 FXR 靶基因及和糖类、 甘油三酯和胆固醇代谢相关的基因表达。 *为 p<0.05; **为 p<0.01。
[32] 图 14为 Ivermectin处理对 KK-Ay糖尿病模型小鼠摄食量无影响, 但降低了体重。 * 为 p<0.05。
[33] 图 15为 Ivermectin处理后降低了 KK-Ay小鼠血清中葡萄糖和胰岛素水平。 **为 p<0.01 o
[34] 图 16为 Ivermectin处理后降低了 KK-Ay小鼠血清中胆固醇,甘油三酯水平和自由脂 肪酸水平。 **为 p<0.01。
[35] 图 17是 Abamectin和 Doramectin处理后对 KK-Ay小鼠摄食无影响,降低了高脂词料 喂养的 KK-Ay的相对体重和血清葡萄糖水平。 ***为 ρθ.001。
[36] 图 18是 Abamectin和 Doramectin处理后降低了高脂词料喂养的 KK-Ay小鼠血清胆固 醇 (包括高密度脂蛋白和低密度 /极低密度脂蛋白中的胆固醇) 水平以及血清甘油三酯水平。 *为 p<0.05; **为 p<0.01, ***为 p<0.001。
[37] 图 19为 Ivermectin能抑制 LPS诱导的炎症反应相关基因表达 (包括 iNOS, TNFa, IL-6 和 MIP-la)。 *为 p<0.05 ; **为 p<0.01。
具体实施方式
[38] 蛋白纯化
[39] 1. 克隆
[40] (1)以人的 FXR 表达质粒 (pCMX-FXR ) 为模板, 0.5 μL 50 mM 前向引物 5 ' GATATGGATCCAATCCAGAGTCCGCTGACCTC, 0.5 μL 50 mM 反 向 弓 | 物 3 ' GATATCTCGAGCTAGTACAAGTCCTTGTAGATC为引物, 4 10 X PC buffer, 1 10 mM dNTP及 5 U pfu酶 (Invitrogen) 加水 (Milli-Q) 补足至 50 μL体系进行 PCR反应以获 得含有双酶切位点 BamH l和 Xho I的人源 FXR LBD (配体结合域) (氨基酸残基数 243-472) 的 PCR产物。 PCR反应程序为: 94°C 2min; 94 °C 30s, 58 °C lmin, 72 °C 1 min, 30个循环; 72V lO mino
[41] (2)酶切 PCR所得的 DNA片段和原核细胞表达载体 pET24a (Novagen)用 BamH I和 Xho I对 PCR产物及 pET24a载体进行酶切。 酶切体系为: FXR LBD PC 产物或 pET24a载 体 1 ug (10 μί), BamH I (Thermo) 0.5 μL, Xho I (Thermo) 0.5 μL, 10 X酶切缓冲液(Thermo) 4 μί, dd¾0 (Milli-Q) 25 μί。 37°C温育 1.5 h。 酶切后的 PCR产物和 pET24a载体通过加有 SYB DNA染料的 1%琼脂糖凝胶分离并通过 Promega胶回收试剂盒回收 DNA。
[42] (3)将回收片段和载体以摩尔比 3: 1连接。 连接体系为: FXR LBD DNA片段 2 μL, pET24a (Novagen)载体 2 μί, 5 X连接缓冲液(Invitrogen) 2 μί, T4 DNA连接酶(Invitrogen) 0.5 μL, 力 B ddH20至 10 μί。 室温反应 30 min。
[43] (4)取 2 μL连接产物转化入 50 μL Trans 109感受态细胞, 冰浴 30 min后 42°C热激 30 S o 加入无抗生素的 LB液体培养基 250 μί, 于 225 rpm 37°C预摇 40 min后, 取 150 转化 产物涂于添加有 50 g/ml 卡那霉素的 LB固体培养基平板, 37°C过夜培养。 次日, 挑取单克 隆于 2 ml含 50 μ§/ηι1卡那霉素的 LB液体培养基, 37°C摇床培养 10 h。
[44] (5)采用 Qiagen MiniPrep 质粒小提试剂盒对所摇菌液进行质粒提取。
[45] (6)对提取的质粒进行酶切鉴定。酶切鉴定体系:质粒 1 μ§ (2 μL), BamH I (Thermo) 0.5 μί, Xho I (Thermo) 0.5 μί, 10 X酶切缓冲液(Thermo) 2 μί, ddH20 (Milli-Q) 15 μί。 37°C恒温箱酶切反应 30 min后用 1%琼脂糖凝胶进行检测以确定目的片段成功插入表达载体。 最后将获得的质粒进行测序鉴定。 得到六聚组氨酸标记的人类核受体 FXR LBD的表达质粒, 表示为 pET24a-His6-FXR LBD。
[46] 2. 目的蛋白表达和纯化
[47] (1)转化。 将 pET24a-His6-FXR LBD转化进 BL21 (DE3 ) 感受态细胞。 取 1 质粒 转化入 50 μL BL21感受态细胞, 冰浴 30 min后放入 42°C水浴锅中热激 30 s。 加入无抗生素 的 LB液体培养基 250 μL于 225 rpm 37°C预摇 40 min后取 15 μL涂于添加有 50 g/ml卡那霉 素的 LB固体培养基平板, 37°C过夜培养。
[48] (2)摇菌。次日挑单克隆于 50 ml含 50 g/ml卡那霉素的 LB液体培养基中 37°C 预摇 8 h后转入含 50 μ§/ηι1卡那霉素的 1.5 L LB液体培养基中,当 OD6()()达到 1.0左右时,加入 0.1 mM的 IPTG在 16°C下低温诱导表达。
[49] (3) 收集含有诱导目的蛋白的菌体细胞。 诱导表达过夜的 1.5 L菌液于 4°C 3,000 rpm 离心 10 min收集细菌, 用纯化缓冲液 100 ml (20 mM Tris pH8.0, 150 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol, 25 mM imidazole) 重悬菌液, 冻存于 -80°C。
[50] (4) 蛋白质提取。采用 Fisher Scientific Sonic Dismembrator超声破碎仪以振幅 60%, 5 s工作 10 s休息的频率超声波处理 10 min。 以 20,000 rpm 4°C离心 30 min后取上清。
[51] (5) 蛋白质纯化。 将上清过 5 ml 的镍离子交换 ί主 (NiS04-loaded HisTrap HP column, GE Healthcare), 使目的蛋白质充分富集到镍柱上。 采用 GE公司 AKTA蛋白质纯化系统及 UNICORN软件操作。 洗泵: 先用水洗, 再用缓冲液洗。 操作步骤为: 在 System Control 窗 口中, 依次选择: Manual→ Pump→ Pumpwashbasic→ Pump A, PumpB→ On→ Excute 层 析柱连接: 先启动系统泵, 待有溶液流出时, 将层析柱动态接入系统, 使流出的蛋白质可以 经过 UV检测到峰值, 打开 UNICORN软件, 编辑蛋白洗脱的程序: 20 ml洗脱缓冲液进行柱 平衡; 25-500 mM咪唑进行梯度竞争性结合柱子以洗脱目的蛋白质; 15 ml缓冲液进行柱平衡。 蛋白质洗脱:用洗脱缓冲液 A、B梯度洗脱该柱子上的蛋白(洗脱缓冲液 A成分: 25 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 25 mM Imidazole和 10%甘油, pH 7.5;洗脱缓冲液 B成分: 25 mM Tris, 150 mM Imidazole和 10%甘油, pH7.5 ), 通过控制咪唑浓度梯度变化在 25~500 mM, 以在合适浓度竞 争下洗脱含相似结构的组氨酸标签的目的蛋白质。 将镍离子交换柱洗脱出来的目的蛋白溶液 进一步采用 Hiload26分子筛层析柱(GE Healthcare)利用分子量不同进一步纯化目的蛋白质, 步骤如下:将镍柱收集的蛋白质溶液经注射器注入 AKTA上样环后开始程序运行,方法同上。 蛋白洗脱缓冲液换为含有 10 mM NaCl的洗脱缓冲液 C (洗脱缓冲液 C: 25 mM Tris, pH7.5)。
[52] (6) 制备蛋 白 质复合体 。 采用 从金斯瑞定制合成 的 NcoR2 多肽 (PASNLGLEDIIRKALMGS)与 FXR LBD蛋白制备复合体:分子筛柱层析得到的 20 ml蛋白质 与 NcoR2多肽及 Ivermectin按摩尔比 1 : 1 : 1混合加入 10 kD MILLIPORE 15 ml浓缩管中浓 缩, 4°C 4,000rpm离心浓缩, 将蛋白浓缩到 10 mg/ml的终浓度。
[53] 3. 蛋白结晶, 晶体数据收集与结构解析
[54] 采用悬滴法进行结晶筛选, FXMvermectin/NcoR2复合物在室温条件下, 悬滴液成分 为 1.0 μΐ上述蛋白多肽配体复合体溶液与 1.0 μΐ结晶缓冲液 (50 mM HEPES pH7.0, 3.5 M sodium formate)混合。 生长成熟的晶体用液氮进行急速冷冻保存。 在上海光源的 BL17U1线 站进行数据采集。 经 X光照射处理后, 所得衍射数据通过 HKL2000软件处理确定每个不对 称单元含有两个分子,晶体空间基团为 1 21 21 21 ( a=53.01 , b=161.76, c=169.02, α=90°, β=90。, γ=90°), 具体结构解析使用由 CCP4程序包 (http://www.ccp4.ac.uk) 中的 Molrep、 Phaser等 通过分子置换确定出大致结构模型, 通过 Coot 的人工模型精细构建及 REFMAC 和 phenix.refme 深入修饰的多次循环, 得到最终蛋白复合物结构, 这一结构模型的 Rwork和 Rfree分别为 25.4%和 28.2%, 分辨率为 2.8lA。 具体的三维晶体结构空间元素见附录 1。
[55] 4.辅因子结合实验
[56] 通过 Alphascreen分析方法, 用 Alpha Screen nickel chelate detection kit试齐 Ll盒
( Perkins-Elmer) 检测配体诱导核受体募集各种辅调节因子的结合能力。 该实验的反应体系 是 20 nM^]融合组氨酸标签的受体 LBD蛋白, 20 nM生物素化标记的辅因子多肽, 5 g/ml 的供体和受体珠子,缓冲液(50 mM MOPS, 50 mM NaF, 0.05 mM CHAPS, and 0.1 mg/ml bovine serum albumin, pH7.4 ), 反应体系 50 μL于 384孔板中室温反应 1 h后用 AlphaScreen检测仪 读取 680 nm激发光下 520-620 nm的发射光信号。用于 Alphascreen分析的生物素标记的多肽 及序列是 SRC1-2, SPSSHSSLTERHKILHRLLQEGSP。
[57] 5. 瞬时转染实验
[58] 1. 质粒:
[59] (1) FX 全长质粒:将人类 FXR全长 cDNA表达序列采用经典克隆方法克隆到 pCMX 表达载体。
[60] (2)获得关键结合位点的 FXR 点突变表达载体。 使用 Quick-Change site-directed mutagenesis试剂盒(Stratagene)进行突变, 突变反应体系如下: 野生型质粒 pCMX-FXR (50 ng) 0.5 μ∑,突变引物(100 μΜ) 0.2 μ∑, pfu DNA聚合酶(Invitrogen) (2 U) 1 μ∑, 10 mM dNTPs 1 μ∑, 10 X PC buffer 5 μί, ddH20 43 L。 PCR程序为: 94°C 2 min; 94°C 30 s, 55 °C 1 min, 72V 7 min, 15个循环。 20 μ∑ PCR产物用 Dpn I甲基化酶消化后取 2 μ∑消化产物转化入大 肠杆菌 Transl09感受态细胞, 冰浴 30 min后 42°C热激 30 s。加入无抗生素的 LB液体培养基 250 μL于 225 rpm 37°C预摇 40 min后取 150 μL涂于添加有 100 g/ml氨苄青霉素的 LB固体 培养基平板, 37°C过夜培养。 次日, 挑取单克隆于 2 ml 含 100 g/ml氨苄青霉素的 LB液体 培养基, 37 °C过夜培养。 采用 Qiagen MiniPrep 质粒小提试剂盒对所摇菌液进行质粒提取。 对质粒进行测序鉴定。
[61] 2. 转染:
[62] 使用含有 10%胎牛血清的 DMEM培养基进行猴肾上皮细胞 COS-7细胞培养,转染前 一天在 24孔板进行 COS-7细胞接种, 接种密度为 5 X 104细胞 /每孔, 第二天进行转染。 转染 使用 Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) 进行瞬时转染。 在报告基因分析实验中, 使用 200 ng 的核受体全长表达质粒或其突变体表达质粒与 200 ng的内源启动子报告基因以及 30 ng的 Renilla荧光素酶表达质粒进行共转染。 每孔添加 500 LOpti-MEM培养 5 h后, 添加稀释在 Opti-MEM的配体药物至相应浓度, 处理 18 h。 各种核受体及相应的报告基因使用如下: 人 FX , EcRE-Luc; A PPA s (α, δ, and γ), PP E-Luc; 人 RORs (α, β禾口 γ), Pcp2/ ORE-Luc; 人 GR禾口 PR, MMTV-Luc; 人 RARa禾口 RARp, pRE-LuCo
[63] 3. 报告基因分析:
[64] 按上述转染方法处理的细胞转染 4-6 h后加入配体药物, 实施例中用于报告基因分析 的 Ivermectin浓度均为 0.5 μΜ。 附图 2中针对各核受体的特异性配体及浓度为: FXR, 0.5 μΜ GW4064; PPA a, 1 μΜ GW590735; PPARS, 1 μΜ GW0472; PPA y, 1 μΜ rosiglitazone (罗Ϊ "列 酮); glucocorticoid receptor (G ), 0.1 μΜ dexamethasone (地塞米松); rogesterone receptor (PR), 0.1 μΜ progesterone (黄体激素); A and RA p, 1 μΜ all-trans-retinoic acid (全反 ^视黄酸); PX , 10 μΜ rifampicin (利福平); CAR, 5 μΜ CITCO ((6-(4-氯苯基)咪唑并 [2,l-b][l,3]噻唑 -5-甲 醛—0-(3,4-二氯苄基)乙酮肟)。 配体药物处理 18 h后, 用 Promega公司的双荧光素梅报告基因 分析试剂盒进行报告基因活性分析。 裂解细胞用于荧光素酶检测实验, 取 10 细胞裂解细 胞转移到 96孔板, 加入 50 μL荧光素酶反应液后使用 EnSpireTM2300多功能酶标仪 (Perkin Elmer)检测在 560 nm下的发射光信号, 后加入 Stop&Glo®反应液终止荧光素酶反应并检测 renilla荧光素酶活力。 报告基因的活性以 renilla活性为内参。
[65] 6. 小鼠试验
[66] 使用 9-10周的野生型 C57BL/6J小鼠和同样背景的 FXR基因缺失纯合子小鼠
(FXR"7")以及糖尿病肥胖症模型小鼠(KK-Ay),在厦门大学实验动物中心 SPF级别动物房, 用高脂词料 (Research Diets, D12492)喂养, 自由饮水。 按对照组、 伊维菌素或其衍生物处理组 和 I或 GW4064 处理组分, 每组 6 只, 分别通过腹腔注射对照(40%的 HBC (2-hydroXypropyl-p-cyclodeXtrin))溶液、 用对照溶液稀释的伊维菌素或其衍生物 (按药物质量 / 小鼠体重来算, 注射量为 1.3 mg/kg), 和用对照溶液稀释的 GW4064 ( 30 mg/kg)。 每天早上 9点腹腔注射一次, 连续注射 14天, 每隔一天称小鼠体重和小鼠摄食量。 14天结束后, 给小 鼠自由进水, 饥饿 6 h后, 称小鼠体重, 用最后体重相对注射试验处理前的初始体重百分比 表示小鼠体重的变化。 然后从眼球取血, 分离得到血清。 血清中成分分别是由以下试剂盒测 得: 糖-氧化酶法 (北京普利莱); 胰岛素 (Crystal Chem. Inc., USA) ; 总胆固醇及高、 低密 度脂蛋白中的胆固醇 (Bioassay Systems, USA); 甘油三酯 (北京普利莱和 WAKO Chemicals Inc., Japan); 自由脂肪酸(Bioassay Systems, USA); 谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶(中生北控生 物科技有限公司, 中国北京)。 取下小鼠肝脏, 部分多聚甲醛固定, 石蜡包埋, 切片后苏木精 /伊红染色; 部分液氮冻存, 供提取 RNA进行荧光定量 PCR检测基因表达使用。
[67] 7.荧光定量 PCR检测基因表达
[68] 从对照 (40% HBC)或 Ivermectin处理的野生型和 FXR敲除的小鼠模型中获得肝脏组 织, 从对照、 GW4064或 Ivermectin处理过的 KK-Ay小鼠模型中获得肝脏组织, 冻存于 -80 度冰箱。 用 RNA提取试剂盒 (Omega Bio-Tek, GA)从组织中提取总 RNA。 采用 TAKA A反 转录试剂盒进行反转录, 采用 SYBR绿色荧光染料在 CFXTM96系统 (BIO-RAD)实时监测系 统下进行荧光定量 PCR分析基因表达水平。 结果以 Actin基因的表达水平为内参。 反应体系 如下: SYBR Premix Ex Taq (2 X ) 12.5 μί, PCR前引物(ΙΟ μΜ) 1 μί, PCR后引物(ΙΟ μΜ) 1 μί, cDNA模版 2 μL,灭菌蒸馏水 8.5 μL, 总计 25 μLo两步法扩增 PCR程序:预变性 95°C 30s, PCR反应 95°C 5s, 60 °C 40s 0 40个循环。
[69] 以下给出具体实施例:
[70] 实施例 1, 证明 Ivermectin是一种高亲和力和高特异性的新型 FXR配体。
[71] 因为配体结合 FXR后能有诱导 FXR募集辅调节因子的能力, 因而可以来检测配体对 FXR的亲和力。 通过 AlphaScreen来筛选 FXR的特异性配体, 发现伊维菌素、 阿维菌素和 多拉克汀对 FXR的亲和力与人工合成的 GW4064相差不到一个数量级,在该实验中, GW4064 对 FXR的亲和力半数有效浓度(EC50)是 140 nM, 伊维菌素、 多拉克汀和阿维菌素的 EC50 分别是 400 nM、 500 nM和 1.25 μΜ (图 1 )。 表明伊维菌素、 阿维菌素和多拉克汀与 FXR的 结合有很高的亲和力。为了证明伊维菌素能够特异性的结合 FXR,我们用 FXR的内源报告基 因 EcRE和表达全长 FXR的质粒共转染 COS-7细胞。 结果发现, 在检测的不同核受体中, 伊 维菌素只能特异性激活 FXR的转录活性, 而对其它被检测的核受体没影响(图 2)。这体现了 伊维菌素作为 FXR配体的高特异性。
[72] 实施例 2, FXR/ivermectin复合物的晶体结构解析
[73] 为了从分子水平揭示伊维菌素和 FXR相互识别和结合的分子机制,我们解析了分辨 率达 2.8人的 FXR/ivermectin与辅抑制因子 NCoR核受体结合基序形成复合物的晶体结构(附 录 1, 图 3 )。 结构显示伊维菌素与 FXR配体结合域的结合符合经典的"三明治"构象。 从电子 云图看, 伊维菌素清晰的存在于 FXR的配体结合口袋 (图 4)。 从该结构中可以看出, 伊维 菌素的结合导致 FXR羧基末端 AF-2经典的螺旋结构发生了变构 (图 3 ), 说明伊维菌素在诱 导 FXR募集结合辅激活因子和辅抑制因子的作用方面与人工合成的 FXR配体 GW4064存在 不同的作用方式,伊维菌素以一种的独特结合方式调节 FXR的功能。 FXR与伊维菌素结合模 式的具体信息见附录 1。
[74] 实施例 3, 伊维菌素在 FXR配体结合口袋中独特的结合位点
[75] 为了验证 FXR配体结合口袋中与伊维菌素直接结合的氨基酸位点, 我们根据 FXR 与伊维菌素复合体的结构对两者相互结合的关键位点进行了点突变, 检测这些突变后的 FXR 受配体调节的转录活性的变化以确定这些结合位点对于伊维菌素结合 FXR的重要性。
[76] 291位的丙氨酸 (A) 对于 FXR配体结合域大小的调节有着重要的作用。 当把 A291 突变为色氨酸(W)时, 由于色氨酸比丙氨酸大得多的侧链基团占据了配体结合口袋的空间, 会导致 FXR的配体结合口袋变小, 从而影响 FXR配体的结合。 与我们所期望的一致, 报告 基因分析实验结果表明, A291W的突变导致 GW4064和 ivermectin都不能激活 FXR的转录 活性 (图 5 )。 表明 FXR的 291位丙氨酸残基对 GW4064或 ivermectin结合并激活 FXR转录 活性是极其关键的。
[77] 在疏水链上的 284位苯丙氨酸 (F) 分别能够与 GW4064和 ivermectin形成疏水相互 作用, 从而稳定配体和受体的结合。 当 F284突变为组氨酸 (H) 时, 这两种疏水相互作用就 会消失。 但是另一方面, 对于 GW4064 而言, 突变成组氨酸后组氨酸的侧链基团可能与 GW4064形成氢键相互作用, 因此, 疏水相互作用的消失导致 ivermectin不能激活 FXR的转 录活性, 但 GW4064的激活能力却没有受到影响(图 5 )。这说明 ivermectin与 FXR配体结合 口袋的结合模式具有区别于 GW4064的独特的结合方式。
[78] 另夕卜, L287T和 H447F的突变明显降低了 GW4064介导的 FXR的转录活性, 但却显 著地增加了 ivermectin对 FXR转录活性的激活 (图 5 )。 这也说明 GW4064和 ivermectin与
FX 的结合方式有着很大的区别, 说明对于 FXR功能的调节也有明显的不同。 [79] 实施例 4, 伊维菌素能有效调节哺乳动物的糖类和脂类的代谢
[80] FX 作为一种重要的核受体, 它首先被作为胆酸的受体而调节肝脏和小肠内胆汁酸 的循环和平衡。 近来发现, FXR 能够调节生物体内糖类和脂类的代谢。 合成的 FXR配体 GW4064能够通过 FXR降低血脂和胆固醇的水平,但由于 GW4064的细胞毒性和药效限制性 导致其不能临床使用; 另外, 有报道表明 GW4064能缓解高血糖症和肥胖症, 但同时一些文 章也提到 GW4064对于机体的血糖没有明显的效果, 甚至还有报道表明长期服用 GW4064能 导致小鼠肥胖。 因此, GW4064对血糖的调节尚存在争议。 发现新的 FXR的配体药物显得更 加重要和有意义。
[81] 为了检测 ivermectin对小鼠模型的生理调节功能, 我们采用野生型和 FXR基因敲除 小鼠进行试验。 高脂词料喂养的小鼠, 按照具体实施方法所述进行两周腹腔注射对照试剂和 ivermectin或其衍生物后发现, 在药物对小鼠的进食没有影响的前提下 (图 6), 阿维菌素、 伊 维菌素及其衍生物多拉克汀处理显著降低了野生型小鼠的血清中葡萄糖(图 6、 图 7)和胆固 醇 (图 7, 图 8、 图 9) 水平, 但在 FXR敲除的小鼠中没有明显变化。 ivermectin处理显著降 低了野生型小鼠的血清中胰岛素的水平 (图 7), 说明 ivermectin可能通过增加胰岛素的敏感 性达到了降血糖的效果。但是在 FXR基因敲除小鼠中药物处理对血糖、胰岛素和胆固醇的水 平没有显著变化, 说明阿维菌素、 伊维菌素及其衍生物多拉克汀调节血清中血糖、 胰岛素和 胆固醇是通过 FXR进行的。 阿维菌素、伊维菌素及其衍生物多拉克汀下调小鼠血清胆固醇水 平, 不仅包括了显著下调的高密度脂蛋白中的胆固醇水平, 同时也下调了低密度脂蛋白和极 低密度脂蛋白中的胆固醇水平 (图 8、 图 9)。 另外, 阿维菌素、 伊维菌素及其衍生物多拉克 汀也显著降低了野生型小鼠血清中甘油三酯 (Tg) 水平 (图 10)。 重要的是, 阿维菌素和多 拉克汀处理的小鼠体内附睾脂肪垫的比重也受到了显著的下调 (图 10)表明了它们对肥胖症 的治疗作用。 通过检测血清中谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性(图 11 ), 表明 ivermectin对转氨 酶活性无影响。通过对 ivermectin处理的小鼠肝脏进行石蜡包埋、切片和苏木精 /伊红染色(图 12), 表明 ivermectin对肝脏细胞无损伤。
[82] 通过荧光定量实时 PCR检测配体药物处理过的小鼠肝脏中糖、 脂、 胆固醇代谢相关 基因的表达。 结果表明, ivermectin达到降血糖、 血脂和胆固醇的生理功能与糖、 脂、 胆固醇 代谢相关基因的表达调控一致 (图 13), 说明 ivermectin通过 FXR调节代谢相关基因的表达从 而实现生理功能的调节。这些结果表明, ivermectin是 FXR的特异性配体,同时证明 ivermectin 在体内生理功能的调节是通过 FXR实现的。
[83] 实施例 5, 阿维菌素、 伊维菌素及其衍生物多拉克汀在糖尿病小鼠模型中的作用
[84] 既然阿维菌素、 伊维菌素及其衍生物多拉克汀作为 FXR的配体能够在正常小鼠的体 内发挥重要的代谢调节功能, 那么它们是否能够对病理小鼠具有改善疗效? 为了检测阿维菌 素、 伊维菌素及其衍生物多拉克汀在糖尿病肥胖症模型小鼠体内的药效, 我们选择了糖尿病 肥胖症模型小鼠 KK-Ay小鼠作为实验对象。 这种小鼠在 8-12周左右表现出明显的高血糖和 肥胖的症状。 在实验中, 我们采用 9-10周的 KK-Ay小鼠, 高脂词料喂养并腹腔注射药物 14 天, 在对小鼠摄食无影响的情况下(图 14), ivermectin和 GW4064都显著地降低了血清中胆 固醇、 甘油三酯和自由脂肪酸的含量 (图 16); 但在血糖方面, ivermectin显著降低了血清中 糖和胰岛素的水平, 表明 ivermectin可能通过增加胰岛素的敏感性达到了降低血糖的效果, 在这方面 ivermectin作为 FXR的配体的功能要显著优越于 GW4064 (图 15 )。并且, ivermectin 处理显著降低了 KK-Ay小鼠的体重, 这点相比 GW4064也有明显的优越性 (图 14)。 这些结 果表明, ivermectin对糖尿病、肥胖症模型小鼠具有很好的平衡血糖、血脂和胆固醇以及抑制 体重增加的效果, 而且相比合成的配体 GW4064具有更优的功能和疗效。
[85] 将阿维菌素和多拉克汀在 KK-Ay小鼠上做同样的试验, 发现阿维菌素和多拉克汀在 不影响小鼠摄食量的情况下 (图 17), 也能显著降低高脂词料喂养的 KK-Ay小鼠血清中葡萄 糖 (图 17)、 包括高密度脂蛋白和低密度 /极低密度脂蛋白的胆固醇水平和甘油三酯 (图 18) 水平, 还能显著降低肥胖小鼠的相对体重 (图 17)。 这些数据表明伊维菌素及其衍生物对糖 尿病、 肥胖症具有很好的疗效。
[86] 实施例 6, Ivermectin通过 FXR介导抑制 LPS诱导的炎症反应
[87] 近来一些报道证明, ivermectin能够抑制 LPS诱导的炎症发应, 并减少由于过量 LPS 诱导的小鼠的死亡。 同时, ivermectin对于过敏性哮喘的治疗有明显的疗效, 但其具体的作用 机制还不清楚。我们用 ivermectin和 LPS处理野生型和 FXR敲除的小鼠肝脏细胞。在野生型 小鼠肝脏细胞中, ivermectin能够明显的抑制炎症因子的表达, 例如: iNOS, TNFa, IL-6和 ΜΙΡ-la (图 19); 但在 FXR敲除的小鼠肝脏细胞中没有明显的变化。 该结果表明, ivermectin 对于 LPS诱导的炎症反应的抑制是通过 FXR实现的。
[88] 实施例 7, 基于 FXR/ivermectin复合物结构的 ivermectin衍生物药物设计
[89] 通过上述实施例发现, 伊维菌素具有区别于抗寄生虫药物作用的完全不同的功能, 可 用于治疗哺乳动物高血糖、 胰岛素抗性、 高甘油三酯血症、 高胆固醇血症、 糖尿病、 肥胖症 等代谢相关疾病, 以及用于治疗法尼醇受体介导的胆汁阻塞、 胆结石、 非酒精性脂肪肝、 动 脉粥样硬化、 炎症、 癌症等疾病的新用途。 再根据我们解出的 FXR与 ivermectin相互结合的 三维晶体结构模式 (;附录 1), 以 ivermectin作为一个安全的先导化合物, 以 ivermectin的分子 结构为药物设计模板,以 ivermectin和 FXR受体的结合位点及其构效关系为依据,对 ivermectin 的某些基团进行适当的修饰, 可能提高配体与受体结合的亲和力和特异性, 而达到最佳的药 物疗效, 从而以最少的配体药物量, 达到最佳的药物治疗效果, 减少药物对细胞和机体的毒 性。 Ivermectin结构式如下:
[90] 以该结构式为结构基础, 对该结构式中 C3-C4, C8-C9, C10-C11 , C14-C15碳碳双键 进行改造; 对 C5、 C7、 C4"位羟基进行改造; 对 C4、 C12、 C14、 C24、 C25位的侧链进行 改造; 对 C13位的糖基进行水解以及其他基团进行取代等改造方法。 以上任何单一改造和不 同方式改造的组合在制备治疗哺乳动物高血糖、 胰岛素抗性、 高甘油三酯血症、 高胆固醇血 症、 糖尿病、 肥胖症等代谢相关疾病, 以及用于治疗法尼醇受体介导的胆汁阻塞、 胆结石、 非酒精性脂肪肝、 动脉粥样硬化、 炎症、 癌症等疾病中都具有应用价值。 根据上述设计原则, 阿维菌素、 多拉克汀等也是符合该原则的衍生物, 且小鼠试验证明这些化合物在哺乳动物糖 脂代谢方面也具有很好的调节功能和疗效。
工业实用性
[91] 本发明提供了阿维菌素、伊维菌素及多拉克汀等衍生物或含有它们中任何一种的组合 物在制备用于治疗哺乳动物高血糖、 胰岛素抗性、 高甘油三酯血症、 高胆固醇血症、 糖尿病、 肥胖症等代谢相关疾病的药物, 以及用于治疗法尼醇受体介导的胆汁阻塞、 胆结石、 非酒精 性脂肪肝、 动脉粥样硬化、 炎症、 癌症的药物中的应用。 申请日前与本发明有关的参考资料
1. 中国专利 CN1933856。
2. 中国专利 CN1777433。
PROGRAM : REFMAC 5. 6. 0117
RESOLUTION RANGE HIGH (ANGSTROMS) 2. 90
COMPLETENESS FOR RANGE (%) 98. 21
R VALUE (WORKING + TEST SET) 0. 25558
R VALUE (WORKING SET) 0. 25331
FREE R VALUE 0. 29623
CRYST1 53. 008 161. 759 : L69. 018 90. 00 90. 00 90. 00 I
ATOM 1 N ASN C 742 29. 535 - 19. 999 42. 932 1. 00146. 14 N
ATOM 2 CA ASN C 742 29. 694 - 20. 610 41. 573 1. 00131. 37 C
ATOM 3 CB ASN C 742 31. 189 - 20. 765 41. 193 1. 00140. 09 C
ATOM 4 CG ASN C 742 32. 012 - 19. 494 41. 424 1. 00148. 16 C
ATOM 5 OD1 ASN C 742 32. 283 -18. 739 40. 488 1. 00148. 99 0
ATOM 6 ND2 ASN C 742 32. 433 - 19. 268 42. 670 1. 00148. 21 N
ATOM 7 C ASN C 742 28. 901 - 19. 879 40. 479 1. 00128. 91 C
ATOM 8 0 ASN C 742 29. 420 - 19. 630 39. 383 1. 00124. 17 0
ATOM 9 N LEU C 743 27. 641 - 19. 544 40. 780 1. 00127. 89 N
ATOM 10 CA LEU C 743 26. 788 -18. 788 - 39. 840 1. 00119. 00 C
ATOM 11 CB LEU C 743 25. 670 - 17. 989 40. 541 1. 00104. 27 C
ATOM 12 CG LEU C 743 26. 017 - 16. 532 40. 868 1. 00 92. 01 C
ATOM 13 CD1 LEU C 743 26. 731 - 16. 448 42. 215 1. 00 81. 21 C
ATOM 14 CD2 LEU C 743 24. 780 - 15. 644 40. 831 1. 00 77. 51 C
ATOM 15 C LEU C 743 26. 291 - 19. 566 38. 605 1. 00122. 75 C
ATOM 16 0 LEU C 743 26. 863 - 19. 369 37. 533 1. 00136. 39 0
ATOM 17 N GLY C 744 25. 261 - 20. 424 38. 691 1. 00109. 40 N
ATOM 18 CA GLY C 744 24. 417 - 20. 677 39. 861 1. 00 97. 04 C
ATOM 19 C GLY C 744 22. 997 - 20. 248 - 39. 534 1. 00 96. 15 C
ATOM 20 0 GLY C 744 22. 715 - 19. 052 39. 532 1. 00106. 23 0
ATOM 21 N LEU C 745 22. 101 - 21. 197 39. 236 1. 00 87. 05 N
ATOM 22 CA LEU C 745 20. 731 - 20. 836 38. 840 1. 00 75. 33 C
ATOM 23 CB LEU c 745 19. 778 -22. 012 38. 889 1. 00 72. 34 C
ATOM 24 CG LEU c 745 18. 316 - 21. 608 39. 152 1. 00 78. 31 C
ATOM 25 CD1 LEU c 745 17. 380 -22. 815 39. 181 1. 00 76. 85 C
ATOM 26 CD2 LEU c 745 17. 787 - 20. 571 38. 168 1. 00 77. 61 C
ATOM 27 C LEU c 745 20. 600 - 20. 175 37. 472 1. 00 87. 57 C
ATOM 28 0 LEU c 745 20. 215 - 19. 010 37. 409 1. 00 99. 57 0
ATOM 29 N GLU c 746 20. 901 - 20. 899 36. 385 1. 00 82. 18 N
ATOM 30 CA GLU c 746 20. 643 - 20. 390 35. 010 1. 00 72. 64 C
ATOM 31 CB GLU c 746 21. 361 - 21. 234 33. 948 1. 00 66. 27 C
ATOM 32 C GLU c 746 20. 909 -18. 885 - 34. 765 1. 00 71. 89 C
ATOM 33 0 GLU c 746 20. 262 -18. 267 33. 907 1. 00 63. 66 0
ATOM 34 N ASP c 747 21. 847 -18. 295 35. 513 1. 00 69. 15 N
ATOM 35 CA ASP c 747 22. 173 - 16. 876 35. 356 1. 00 69. 63 C
ATOM 36 CB ASP c 747 23. 457 - 16. 567 36. 090 1. 00 76. 03 C
ATOM 37 CG ASP c 747 24. 197 - 17. 828 - 36. 523 1. 00 91. 80 C
ATOM 38 OD1 ASP c 747 24. 443 -18. 720 35. 682 1. 00 99. 45 0
ATOM 39 OD2 ASP c 747 24. 534 - 17. 930 37. 716 1. 00 98. 70 0
ATOM 40 C ASP c 747 21. 019 - 16. 029 35. 894 1. 00 70. 43 C
ATOM 41 0 ASP c 747 20. 446 - 15. 173 35. 191 1. 00 62. 28 0
ATOM 42 N ILE c 748 20. 667 16. 316 37. 141 1. 00 68. 09 N 卜 —
— — — — —
— — — 一 — — —
έ
ΰ
Figure imgf000015_0001
C C ID i C O O OO OO OO C C C ΟΊ
< J CO CO O O O < J
CJ1 CJ1 - < 5 < J
CJ1
< 5 < J
< J < J Π CO CO ^ ^ O CJ1 CJ1 < J
< 5
CO < J
< J C
/s/u/ O 96 ososId z-6/-6soHoiAV solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
σ (
σ σ o
∞ a> O O a
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
Figure imgf000016_0001
solv
solv
solv
solv
Figure imgf000016_0002
solv
solv
solv
solv i:/:/ O 96/-/-/-i>l£ z-6/-6soHoiAV
Figure imgf000017_0001
^H c og
^H c og
12
solv
solv
solv
solv
8 solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
Figure imgf000017_0002
solv
ΐθΐθθ
solv
2Π00 solv
v V solv v mu solv u solv
∞ποο s solv 3 G9• 8 00•ΐ sei• s- eie 'z ζιζ V V1V 3 LU WOIV
3 G9 '11 00 •ΐ •ss- 9TS ·9ΐ- ΟΖ •e ZLZ V V1V eo 9U WOIV
3 W •S8 00 •ΐ 298 •9S- 66ΐ ·9ΐ- ooe •e ZLZ V V1V V3 WOIV
N SO •88 00 •ΐ 8G6 •9S- 868 ' - SS9 'z ZLZ V V1V N fU WOIV
0 96 •Z6 00 •ΐ 926 •8S- WZ 'η- 9 S •e \LZ V NSV 0 £U WOIV
3 8S •86 00 •ΐ 696 • s- Ϊ90 'η- 96Ζ 'z \LZ V NSV 3 ZU WOIV
N 9 •snoo •ΐ ee6 •9S- •π- •s \LZ V NSV SON in WOIV
0 Lf · ποο •ΐ 9W) •6S- fZ£ •π- ZOf 'f \LZ V NSV ταο on WOIV
3 28 •6Π00 •ΐ 0S8 • s- £9f •π- S6T 'f \LZ V NSV 6ee WOIV
3 9ΐ 'ζΐΐΟΟ •ΐ \LZ • s- 909 •π- szz 'z \LZ V NSV eo see WOIV
3 08 'ζΐΐΟΟ •ΐ 026 • s- G9Z 'ΖΙ- 9Z6 1 \LZ V NSV V3 zee WOIV
N · ποο •ΐ UZ • s- 996 'ΖΙ- 689 •0 \LZ V NSV N 9ee WOIV
0 9 'ΖΟΐΟΟ •ΐ 909 •8S- ST9 'η- SSO •0 - OLZ V V1V 0 see WOIV
3 6e •60Ϊ00 •ΐ 96S • s- 026 •Π- ΟΖΐ •0 - OLZ V V1V 3 WOIV
3 TS •ΟΟΐΟΟ •ΐ SOT • s- LfZ •Π- ies 'Ζ- OLZ V V1V eo eee WOIV
3 eo 'ΖΟΐΟΟ •ΐ Ϊ89 •9S- LZ\ 'η- 69e •ΐ - OLZ V V1V V3 see WOIV
N ss •60Ϊ00 •ΐ 862 •SS- 9S8 •Π- S86 •0 - OLZ V V1V N iee WOIV
0 z\ •66 00 •ΐ S88 • S- IZ6 •ST- ( •0 - 692 V V1V 0 oee WOIV
3 06 'ΖΟΐΟΟ •ΐ • S- OSZ 'η- s^e •0 - 692 V V1V 3 6se WOIV
3 6S •οποο •ΐ oeo •SS- Z06 'η- SS9 •0 - 692 V V1V eo WOIV
3 8e •80Ϊ00 •ΐ S9T •SS- ses 'η- 6ZI •0 692 V V1V V3 LZZ WOIV
N Z6 •snoo •ΐ 6ZI •SS- 608 'ΖΙ- ,60 •0 - 692 V V1V N WOIV
0 OZ •SSTOO •ΐ ££f • s- L6Z 'ΖΙ- Z99 1 892 V mo 0 sse WOIV
3
Figure imgf000018_0001
ΐΐ6 •SS- S86 •π- 06S •0 892 V mo 3 WOIV
0 29 Έ6 00 •ΐ 06Z •IS- 880 •π- S60 Έ 892 V mo SHO ese WOIV
0 68 •86 00 •ΐ ies •IS- 0S •Οΐ- SZ6 •0 892 V mo ΪΗΟ zzz WOIV
3 oe ·Κ)ΐΟΟ •ΐ •SS- Zlf •Οΐ- Z80 'Z 892 V mo CD \zz WOIV
3 If •90Ϊ00 •ΐ 6ee •SS- WS •6 - 61Z 'Z 892 V mo 03 ose WOIV
3 Z6 •ζΐΐΟΟ •ΐ • s- Z6£ •6 - 826 •0 892 V mo eo 6ie WOIV
3 81 •SSTOO •ΐ 6ZI • s- S6S •Οΐ- Ϊ90 •0 - 892 V mo V3 8ie WOIV
N 8Z •6Π00 •ΐ izz •SS- ise •Οΐ- 80S •ΐ - 892 V mo N WOIV
0 Ϊ8 •9Π00 •ΐ • s- 8G9 •π- Z8S 'Ζ- L9Z V ΝΊΟ 0 9ie WOIV
3 G6 •moo •ΐ 6es •SS- 0S8 •Οΐ- 9lf 'Ζ- L9Z V ΝΊΟ 3 sie WOIV
N 2ΐ •SSTOO •ΐ 6G8 •SS- ffZ Έ - L9Z V ΝΊΟ zm nz WOIV
0 9 •(MOO •ΐ OZl • s- 680 eoo 'Ζ- L9Z V ΝΊΟ ΪΗΟ z\z WOIV
3 G9 •swoo •ΐ 9 S • s- 8T9 9eo Έ - L9Z V ΝΊΟ CD z\z WOIV
3 SO •8eioo •ΐ Ϊ09 •SS- 8G0 •8 - OST 'f- L9Z V ΝΊΟ uz WOIV
3 LZ •(MOO •ΐ 8£f •SS- 8Z8 •8 - Zf9 Έ - L9Z V ΝΊΟ eo OK WOIV
3 89 eioo •ΐ 8Z9 •SS- 96e •Οΐ- Z09 Έ - L9Z V ΝΊΟ V3 60S WOIV
N •8eioo •ΐ 60, •IS- 8Z0 •π- see Έ - L9Z V ΝΊΟ N 80S WOIV
0 89 •9W00 •ΐ •SS- 8ΐ •Π- sss Έ - 992 V OHd 0 zoe WOIV
3 6S •6W00 •ΐ eoe •IS- 96e 'ΖΙ- π Έ - 992 V OHd 3 90S WOIV
3 Of •SSTOO •ΐ 'Lf- Z\L •π- Z8S Έ - 992 V OHd CD SOS WOIV
3 se Έ9Ϊ00 •ΐ 6se •8 - Toe 'ΖΙ- 98 'f- 992 V OHd 03 W£ WOIV
3 Z6 •09Ϊ00 •ΐ 6fZ •6 - f •Π- 9Zf 'f- 992 V OHd eo eoe WOIV
3 ss •SSTOO •ΐ 006 •6 - 0T6 'ΖΙ- 8ST Έ - 992 V OHd V3 soe WOIV
N S9 •OSTOO •ΐ 6S6 •8 - 0Z8 •π- 0S9 'Ζ- 992 V OHd N Toe WOIV
0 \L •6Π00 •ΐ fU •OS- 99S •Οΐ- f8£ •ΐ - S9S V V1V 0 ooe WOIV
3 \L •½T00 •ΐ 90S •6 - SS6 •Οΐ- 9Z9 •ΐ - S9S V V1V 3 662 WOIV
3 ST 'ΖΐΐΟΟ •ΐ LU •8 - 800 •6 - ese •0 - S9S V V1V eo 862 WOIV
3 9Z •6ST00 •ΐ Z66 'Lf- 89G •Οΐ- •0 - S9S V V1V V3 L6Z WOIV
N Οΐ •ZSTOO •ΐ 0f9 'Lf- U£ •π- 8ΐΐ •0 S9S V V1V N 962 WOIV
0 Lf •snoo •ΐ ss •9 - 9f0 •Π- ζιο •ΐ f9Z V OHV 0 S6S WOIV
3 Ϊ6 • STOO •ΐ us •9 - ZZ\ 'ΖΙ- •0 f9Z V OHV 3 f6Z WOIV
N 82 ΈΐΐΟΟ •ΐ .Of- 9fZ •ΐ - f9Z V OHV £6Z WOIV
N Z6 •WHOO •ΐ S96 lf- SS zz\ •0 f9Z V OHV環 Z6Z WOIV
3 Π 'ΖΐΐΟΟ •ΐ 9SS lf- 689 ΟΟΐ •ΐ - f9Z V OHV Z3 WZ WOIV
N TS •9Π00 •ΐ zoe 'Zf- 081 •8 - 698 •ΐ f9Z V HN 062 WOIV
91
...0/CT0ZN3/X3d .6.6S0/M0Z OAV 0 o•66 00•ΐ LfZ•99- •02- 0 S 'Ζΐ T8S V mo SHO so WOIV
0 π •96 00 •ΐ S9S •S9- ·8ΐ- Οΐ ·9ΐ T8S V mo ΪΗΟ Wf WOIV
3 oz ■16 00 •ΐ 692 •S9- 6es ·6ΐ- ΖΖ\ 'Ζΐ T8S V mo CD £0f WOIV
3 86 16 00 •ΐ es6 Έ9- Z68 ·6ΐ- ZLL 'Ζΐ T8S V mo 03 ZOf WOIV
3 sz •S8 00 •ΐ 99Ζ •29- 666 ·8ΐ- IU 'Ζΐ T8S V mo eo lOf WOIV
3 S8 •68 00 •ΐ 82ΐ •29- soe ·6ΐ- ZL6 '5ΐ T8S V mo V3 OOf WOIV
N f6 •06 00 •ΐ Ζ90 Έ9- 866 ·6ΐ- 990 '5ΐ T8S V mo N 66e WOIV
0 26 •06 00 •ΐ ΐΖ 19- LZ6 ·6ΐ- S8S Έΐ 082 V V1V 0 86e WOIV
3 S9 •S8 00 •ΐ 6ΖΖ •29- ess •02- G6Z Έΐ 082 V V1V 3 6e WOIV
3 9ΐ •96 00 •ΐ ΐ9ΐ •S9- 920 12- 9Ζ9 Έΐ 082 V V1V eo 96e WOIV
3 S ■f8 00 •ΐ fZ8 Έ9- 86 •02- S96 'ST 082 V V1V V3 S6e WOIV
N G8 •26 00 •ΐ 0S6 Έ9- Llf •02- ΐΐ9 •π 082 V V1V N f6£ WOIV
0 s •ΐθΐθθ •ΐ Ζ88 • 9- ZZf ·8ΐ- S9T 'ST 6LZ V HHS 0 WOIV
3 60 •SOTOO •ΐ 88e • 9- ·6ΐ- 6se •π 6LZ V HHS 3 zm WOIV
0 26 ΈΐΐΟΟ •ΐ LZf • 9- ss ·6ΐ- 6ZS 'L 6LZ V HHS 00 \m WOIV
3 29 ΈΐΐΟΟ •ΐ G9Z • 9- 0 8 ·6ΐ- Ζΐ6 •8 6LZ V HHS eo 06S WOIV
3 π τττοο •ΐ 9fZ • 9- 8fL ·8ΐ- ½8 •6 6LZ V HHS V3 68e WOIV
N se •moo •ΐ 028 • 9- £ff 'Ζΐ- 99, •6 6LZ V HHS N 88e WOIV
0 6e •6eioo •ΐ 8ΐ8 •29- Kf ·9ΐ- UZ •6 8ZS V HHd 0 8e WOIV
3 oe ·½ΪΟΟ •ΐ ffO • 9- OZf ·9ΐ- ,60 •6 8ZS V HHd 3 98e WOIV
3 K •8ST00 •ΐ esi Έ9- sz •π- 896 'L 8ZS V HHd zao S8e WOIV
3 es STOO •ΐ 9U Έ9- S6S •Οΐ- ZfZ 'L 8ZS V HHd ΖΆ3 wz WOIV
3 ' ^ΐΟΟ •ΐ 6S • 9- oee •Οΐ- S69 •9 8ZS V HHd 23 WOIV
3 s ·½ΪΟΟ •ΐ 9f9 •S9- ees •π- ΪΖ8 •9 8ZS V HHd WOIV
3 ss •SSTOO •ΐ 0S •S9- 96e 'ΖΙ- Ϊ09 'L 8ZS V HHd o WOIV
3 sz ·½ΪΟΟ •ΐ £61 • 9- S89 'ΖΙ- ffl •8 8ZS V HHd 08S WOIV
3 8Z •^ΪΟΟ •ΐ If 6 Έ9- •Π- S6 •8 8ZS V HHd eo 6ze WOIV
3 ze ·ΐ ΐΟΟ •ΐ eez • 9- •ST- OTS •8 8ZS V HHd V3 sze WOIV
N 92 •( ΟΟ •ΐ ST8 • 9- 992 •ST- SSO •ζ 8ZS V HHd N zze WOIV
0 w ·Κ)ΐΟΟ •ΐ •S9- 09, ·8ΐ- SS6 ' 9ZS V mo 0 9ze WOIV
3 oe ·Κ)ΐΟΟ •ΐ sze • 9- Z9f ·8ΐ- OSS •S 9ZS V mo 3 sze WOIV
0 Z9 •98 00 •ΐ •09- Ϊ90 •ST- IZZ •9 9LZ V mo SHO WOIV
0 n ■ιι 00 •ΐ ess 19- os ·9ΐ- 9TS 'L 9LZ V mo ΪΗΟ eze WOIV
3 oz 00 •ΐ 6TZ •09- 08ΐ ·9ΐ- OZf •9 9LZ V mo CD ZLZ WOIV
3 ΐ •86 00 •ΐ WL •09- S8T 'Ζΐ- 692 •S 9LZ V mo 03 \LZ WOIV
3 6S τττοο •ΐ S88 19- Z91 ·8ΐ- 8ZS •S 9LZ V mo eo oze WOIV
3 66 •ΐΐΐΟΟ •ΐ ZLZ Έ9- 60S 'Ζΐ- eei •S 9LZ V mo V3 69e WOIV
N 08 •80Ϊ00 •ΐ T9S Έ9- Οΐΐ 'Ζΐ- 09Z Έ 9LZ V mo N 89e WOIV
0 82 •ΟΟΐΟΟ •ΐ SS •29- 260 •ST- ess Έ SZS V SAT 0 9e WOIV
3 18 ΈΟΐΟΟ •ΐ see Έ9- 688 •ST- L6Z Έ SZS V SAT 3 99e WOIV
N OS •80Ϊ00 •ΐ 60Z •S9- •6 - Z9L Έ SZS V SAT ZN S9e WOIV
3 09 τττοο •ΐ Οΐ •99- ezi •π- ss Έ SZS V SAT H3 nz WOIV
3 ss •snoo •ΐ 620 •S9- 688 •π- 89Z 'Ζ SZS V SAT CD WOIV
3 Of •8Π00 •ΐ sss •S9- S6S •Π- 6SZ 'ζ SZS V SAT 03 WOIV
3 £9 'ΖΐΐΟΟ •ΐ 8ZZ • 9- 8f0 'η- 908 •ΐ SZS V SAT eo T9e WOIV
3 Ϊ6 ΈΟΐΟΟ •ΐ Ϊ90 • 9- 8SS •ST- eoo 'ζ SZS V SAT V3 09S WOIV
N 62 ΈΟΐΟΟ •ΐ Wf Έ9- ·9ΐ- 998 •0 SZS V SAT N 6se WOIV
0 09 •96 00 •ΐ 80S 19- •ST- OOS •ΐ ^ s V V1V 0 sse WOIV
3 se ΈΟΐΟΟ •ΐ S60 •29- m ·9ΐ- TS9 •0 ^ s V V1V 3 zse WOIV
3 ΈΟΐΟΟ •ΐ S9T •29- S6S ·9ΐ- 628 •ΐ - ^ s V V1V eo 9se WOIV
3 se •ΐΐΐΟΟ •ΐ W)9 19- 8f0 'Ζΐ- 98 •0 - ^ s V V1V V3 sse WOIV
N s •8Π00 •ΐ zn •09- f9l 'Ζΐ- SS •0 - fLZ V V1V N ½e WOIV
0 ss •snoo •ΐ 680 •09- U8 ·8ΐ- S66 •0 ZLZ V V1V 0 ese WOIV
3 61 •90Ϊ00 •ΐ OOS •6S- oso ·8ΐ- IfZ •0 ZLZ V V1V 3 sse WOIV
3 68 •80Ϊ00 •ΐ Z8f • s- ILL 'Ζΐ- LfZ •ΐ - ZLZ V V1V eo ise WOIV
3 Z6 •ΟΟΐΟΟ •ΐ 0Z6 • s- 090 ·8ΐ- Ζ9Ϊ •0 ZLZ V V1V V3 OSS WOIV
N 60 τβ οο •ΐ 96G • s- ZU 'Ζΐ- 9ΐΐ •ΐ ZLZ V V1V N 6U WOIV
0 S6 •S6 00 •ΐ eo6 • s- see ·8ΐ— 0S6 ZLZ V V1V 0 8U WOIV
LILLLO/£lOZ l3/13d .6.6S0/M0Z OAV
Figure imgf000020_0001
一 一
ϋ:/:/ O 96/-/-/->1£ z-6/-6soHoiAV
U
U
c c c c
5
\i ^H o a
Figure imgf000021_0001
ΝΈ s> /s/u/ O 96 ososId-6/-6soHoiAV
o og ^ c c a^ og ^ oo oo oo
o c c oo og oo o og a o o^ d og oo oo a^ O d d a^ t^ o oo d c og c oo d t-- ∞ ∞ a> a> a
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o σ o o ^ o c σ o c o
o t-- o
c eg O OO C O d σ CO eg σ eg eg σ t- - CO CO GO σ GO o σ oo GO GO c c og og ^ o a^ σ σ o c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c^ c oq eg eg c eg ^ σ σ eg σ c Q d CO σ eg D CO CO GO O C OO C ^ Og LQ OO Og LQ LQ ^ H OO O ^H C O LQ GO σ eg GO O O σ ^ O GO GO O σ eg t-- eg H OO og o^ ^H c ^ og c og og o eg
^ a σ ^ o σ o ^ σ o
o
Ί
o o t- o ^-H c a^ ^D oo d t- o σ o t- a^ ^H og og oo a^
GO Og GO o og og GO c eg og og LQ eg _ο οο σ o
O οο οο οο οο οο οο οο οο σ σ σ σ σ σ σ ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο
ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ^) ^) ^) ^) ^) ^) ^) ^) ^) ^) ^) ^) ^) ^) ^) ^) ^) w w w w w w w w w w w p^ p^ p^ p^ p^ p^ p^ i ^ CQ Q m Q ω ω CQ Q W W Q CQ
ο ¾
^ o ^H og c ^ o ^H og c ^ o ^H og c ο eg c oo a^ o ^H og c οο σ
Figure imgf000022_0001
S01V :/:/ O>1£ z-6/-6soHoiAV
t-- σ d
o d σ σ σ σ o o σ d
Lo c\i a o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o σ σ ο o
d σ σ o <o
σ o σ σ σ σ ^H o a a o o σ σ σ σ σ σ ^ ^H c oo oo og σ c ^ c ^ o o σ
o o
^ σ o σ ο o σ o o σ σ o σ σ o σ
σ o o σ σ σ O
σ o o σ σ σ
Figure imgf000023_0001
S01V ne V ηωΊ mu ze9 i:/:/ O 96/-/-/-i>l£ z-6/-6soHoiAV
Figure imgf000024_0001
ne
eg. c4 6 ne 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 eg. 6 6
ne
c eg. od od od 6 c eg. eg. eg. 6 eg. od od c eg. c eg. 6 od od od e c eg. 6 6 eg. eg. eg. eg. 6 od 6 6
Figure imgf000024_0002
v
Figure imgf000024_0003
viv N solv /s/u/ O 96 ososId z-6/-6soHoiAV solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
o a^ t^ oo c a^ oo og ο o og o^ og ο οο οο σ σ σ ο οο oo og og og oo o c o ι_ο σ οο od ο ο < ΐ i_6 6 solv6 c ο ο 6 c od c 6 od c c od < ΐ i_6
σ Ο
ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο solv ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο solv
solv
o o og
Figure imgf000025_0001
eg oo 06 06 c c ο c solv 5 5 5 5 5 < ί 5 < ί 5 < ί 5 06 c c c c 06 06 < ί < ί solv
^π σ o oo og a σ ^π ο 0 ^→ 1_0 0 0 0\1 0 \1 0 0 0 c o og 0 σ ^π οο o c c < ; a LQ O oo eg o oo og c ^H a c ^H o a
0 0 O 00 0 0 0 solv
οό οό σΐ '
ω ω og c
Figure imgf000025_0002
Figure imgf000025_0003
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv solv
solv ϋ:/:/ O 96/-/-/->1£ z-6/-6soHoiAV
0
^ t^ o 0
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
Figure imgf000026_0001
:/:/ O>l£oAV
solv
oo solv ^H og o o o oo oo oo a^ o a^ oo a^ o a^ o o ^H og og c og og c
solv
olv s 00 solv
1 oo solv
solv og solv
Figure imgf000027_0001
og c oo o^ o ^H og c oo o^ o ^H og c oo o^ o ^H og c oo o^ o ^H og c
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo
Figure imgf000027_0002
enoo
moo solv ΐ v 3 ZZ•οποο 1 TG9 19- Kf e- 9Lf•z 6U V mo eo LZ6 WOIV
3 £9 •6Π00 1 I Z6 19- OO •os- fW 'L 6U V mo V3 926 WOIV
N 6Z • oo 1 sso •29- 080 •62- G9Z •9 6U V mo N SS6 WOIV
0 Ϊ6 •60Ϊ00 1 S89 Έ9- 6fL 'LZ- ns 'L 8U V nm 0 WOIV
3 92 'Ζΐ ΐΟΟ 1 Z9L •29- ,96 'LZ- ZfL •9 8U V nm 3 es6 WOIV
3 S •Z6 00 1 •09- 8SZ •92- S8 •8 8U V nm zao WOIV
3 S6 ΈΟΐΟΟ 1 T9e •6S- f9£ 'LZ- U£ •9 8U V nm o I Z6 WOIV
3 06 Έΐ ΐΟΟ 1 91 Z •09- SOS •92- 6fO 'L 8U V nm 026 WOIV
3 06 •οποο 1 98, 19- 698 •ss- 8ZS •9 8U V nm eo 6T6 WOIV
3 92 •ζΐ ΐΟΟ 1 π •29- SS6 •92- 699 •S 8U V nm V3 8ΐ6 WOIV
N 9 •80Ϊ00 1 ZLL 19- ns 'LZ- SOS 'f 8U V nm N Ζΐ6 WOIV
0 OZ 16 00 1 Έ9- ZLL •82- 088 Έ LU V nm 0 9ΐ6 WOIV
3 es 'ΖΟΐΟΟ 1 6ze •29- 96G •82- SU Έ LU V nm 3 ST6 WOIV
3 LI 'ΖΟΐΟΟ 1 I ZO Έ9- L9Z •62- seo •ΐ - LU V nm zao W6 WOIV
3 ee •96 00 1 S68 Έ9- STS 'LZ- 6 S •0 LU V nm o Π6 WOIV
3 8f ·Κ)ΐΟΟ 1 osz •29- Z8f •82- £fZ •0 LU V nm ZW WOIV
3 fZ •ΐθΐθθ 1 Off •29- •62- Zlf •ΐ LU V nm eo ΐ ΐ6 WOIV
3 9 'ΖΟΐΟΟ 1 zes 19- 0f6 •82- T9S 'Z LU V nm V3 0ΐ6 WOIV
N OS •66 00 1 OSS •09- STO •82- seo 'z LU V nm N 606 WOIV
0 G6 •οποο 1 SOS 19- OfO •92- S6S 'z 9U V dSV 0 806 WOIV
3 80 •90Ϊ00 1 869 •09- Z69 •92- 0T6 1 9U V dSV 3 Ζ06 WOIV
0 26 •S8 00 1 zee •9S- W8 'fZ- OSS •0 9U V dSV zao 906 WOIV
0 Π •26 00 1 zu •8S- T8S 'fZ- oez •0 - 9U V dSV mo S06 WOIV
3 88 •06 00 1 Z9S • s- 0S6 'fZ- ese •0 9U V dSV ,06 WOIV
3 96 ·Ζ6 00 1 Lff •8S- 86S •ss- zm •ΐ 9U V dSV eo G06 WOIV
3 26 •SOTOO 1 028 •6S- STO •92- 6 8 •0 9U V dSV V3 206 WOIV
N 60 •90Ϊ00 1 S99 •6S- 98 •92- •0 - 9U V dSV N Ϊ06 WOIV
0 π •ΐθΐθθ 1 zn •6S- 6TZ •82- ZS8 •0 V HHS 0 006 WOIV
3 Π •^ΪΟΟ 1 SOS •6S- ffl •82- oes •0 - V HHS 3 668 WOIV
0 OZ •^ΪΟΟ 1 f •09- 696 •OS- •0 - V HHS 00 868 WOIV
3 ss ·ΐ ΐΟΟ 1 ZS6 •8S- π •OS- 982 •ΐ - V HHS eo Ζ68 WOIV
3 ss •zeioo 1 zu •6S- S68 •82- sss •ΐ - V HHS V3 968 WOIV
N ST ·½ΪΟΟ 1 I ZZ •09- f09 •82- 'Ζ- s s V HHS N S68 WOIV
0 Ϊ6 •ZSTOO 1 19- 108 •82- Z9f 'f- fU V SIH 0 68 WOIV
3 9f •SWOO 1 •09- 80T •62- WL Έ - fU V SIH 3 S68 WOIV
3 £6 •oeioo 1 S9Z •6S- ess e- £U 'L- fU V SIH zao 268 WOIV
N Οΐ •zeioo 1 \ZL •09- m e- S6S •8 - fU V SIH zm Ϊ68 WOIV
3 6ΐ •oeioo 1 ZZ6 19- HO e- 969 'L- fU V SIH ΪΗ3 068 WOIV
N ee •oeioo 1 6ZL 19- esi e- f9£ •9 - fU V SIH TON 688 WOIV
3 89 eioo 1 Uf •09- e- 90ΐ •9 - fU V SIH 888 WOIV
3 69 •eeioo 1 998 •6S- 6ze e- 669 'f- fU V SIH eo Ζ88 WOIV
3 SO •TWOO 1 OSS •6S- £80 •os- SST 'f- fU V SIH V3 988 WOIV
N Of •swoo 1 91 Z •8S- szs •62- SZO •S - fU V SIH N S88 WOIV
0 \ L 1 8SS •8S- 'LZ- 9S 'f- £U V 入 Έ) 0 88 WOIV
3 6f 1 8ZZ • s- sie •82- OZl •S - £U V 入 Έ) 3 S88 WOIV
3 Ϊ 8 •8eioo 1 S09 •9S- 110 •82- 090 •9 - £U V 入 Έ) V3 288 WOIV
N ZZ •swoo 1 8ez •9S- 8n 'LZ- TOS 'L- £U V 入 Έ) N Ϊ 88 WOIV
0 ZZ •swoo 1 •8S- 86T •82- 282 •8 - zu V HHS 0 088 WOIV
3 S8 • woo 1 ess • s- T9£ 'LZ- f9Z •8 - zu V HHS 3 6Ζ8 WOIV
0 Ϊ 8 •9eioo 1 S69 • s- 69ΐ •82- •π- zu V HHS 00 8Ζ8 WOIV
3 \Z •9eioo 1 90ΐ •8S- 668 •92- S69 •Οΐ- zu V HHS eo ΖΖ8 WOIV
3 60 • woo 1 6fZ • s- 89 •92- S6 •6 - zu V HHS V3 9Ζ8 WOIV
N 8ΐ •6eioo 1 zm • s- LZO •ss- 6^2 •6 - zu V HHS N SZ8 WOIV
0 sz •6Π00 1 S8S •SS- SOS 'fZ- Z88 •6 - in V OHd 0 WOIV
3 L\ •9ST00 1 ZOf •9S- f9l 'fZ- 06, •6 - in V OHd 3 GZ8 WOIV
3 W •SSTOO 1 6fZ • s- 6S 12- ess 'L- in V OHd CD SZ8 WOIV
3 ZZ •OSTOO 1 U£ •8S- LIZ 12- •8 - in V OHd 03 ΪΖ8 WOIV
3 6S •9Π00 1 60S •8S— Off •22- 9ST •6 - in V OHd eo 0Ζ8 WOIV . . .0/ClOZN3/X3d .6 .6S0/M0Z OAV N s 'ΖΟΐΟΟ•ΐ 288•SS- sse•82- 800 ·8ΐ zse V ΗΊΙ N S86 WOIV
0 Ϊ8 •οποο •ΐ S9Z •IS- •82- 9T8 ·8ΐ 9se V 入 Έ) 0 86 WOIV
3 6e 'Ζΐ ΐΟΟ •ΐ 896 •SS- IfZ •82- 896 ·8ΐ 9se V 入 Έ) 3 S86 WOIV
3 89 •6Π00 •ΐ SOS •SS- LfL 'LZ- S6S 'OS 9se V 入 Έ) V3 286 WOIV
N Z9 Έΐ ΐΟΟ •ΐ S06 •SS- •92- S99 'OS 9se V 入 Έ) N Ϊ86 WOIV
0 6ΐ •οποο •ΐ 6TS •SS- L6Z 'fZ- 99G 'OS sse V HHS 0 086 WOIV
3 S6 •snoo •ΐ ½ΐ •SS- Z\Z •ss- 990 'OS sse V HHS 3 6Z6 WOIV
0 SS •90Ϊ00 •ΐ OLZ •SS- 0S 'fZ- 9fL 'Ζΐ sse V HHS 00 8Z6 WOIV
3 SS · ποο •ΐ 8SS •SS- 280 •ss- 68S 'Ζΐ sse V HHS eo ZZ6 WOIV
3 09 ΈδΐΟΟ •ΐ 622 • s- ses •ss- S 6 ·8ΐ sse V HHS V3 9Z6 WOIV
N 96 •seioo •ΐ ffZ •SS- eie •92- 006 ·8ΐ sse V HHS N SZ6 WOIV
0 8f •ΐ ΐ ΐΟΟ •ΐ ZS9 •9S- 86e •ss- 0 S 'Ζΐ ½e V NSV 0 WOIV
3 SO •9eioo •ΐ ose •9S- oee •92- 960 ·8ΐ ½e V NSV 3 e 6 WOIV
N SO •6eioo •ΐ ess •9S- Wf •OS- 6£f 'OS ½e V NSV SON ZL6 WOIV
0 OZ •seioo •ΐ •8S- LZ\ •OS- 606 ·8ΐ ½e V NSV ταο U6 WOIV
3 6S •swoo •ΐ sss • s- SS9 •62- Z19 ·6ΐ ½e V NSV 0Z6 WOIV
3 6S ηοο •ΐ 9£Z • s- Ζ9ΐ •82- T8S ·6ΐ ½e V NSV eo 696 WOIV
3 6S •6eioo •ΐ ΐ9ΐ • s- 209 'LZ- GST ·8ΐ ½e V NSV V3 896 WOIV
N Ϊ 8 •SSTOO •ΐ 06, •8S- 9e 'LZ- 6S 'Ζΐ ½e V NSV N Z96 WOIV
0 G9 ·½ΐΟΟ •ΐ U8 • s- eos 'LZ- ££f '5ΐ ese V OHV 0 996 WOIV
3 eo •SSTOO •ΐ \ ZL •8S- I Zf 'LZ- \ LZ ·9ΐ ese V OHV 3 S96 WOIV
N 61 •οποο •ΐ Toe 19- 9LZ •62- 9SS 'OS ese V OHV ,96 WOIV
N W •9ST00 •ΐ 982 Έ9- S9 •82- SZS ·6ΐ ese V OHV 環 S96 WOIV
3 SO •SSTOO •ΐ 9Z6 19- £Lf •82- 6T Z ·6ΐ ese V OHV Z3 296 WOIV
N S8 • STOO •ΐ zee 19- S6 'LZ- ΐ Ο ·6ΐ ese V OHV HN Ϊ96 WOIV
3 eioo •ΐ Z96 19- OSS •92- 8ST ·8ΐ ese V OHV CD 096 WOIV
3 Z8 •SSTOO •ΐ TOO 19- •ss- Z69 'Ζΐ ese V OHV 03 6S6 WOIV
3 oe •8eioo •ΐ ws •09- 86S •ss- ess ·9ΐ ese V OHV eo 8S6 WOIV
3 eo •OSTOO •ΐ 9ZI •09- eso • s- eos '5ΐ ese V OHV V3 ZS6 WOIV
N ZL •9W00 •ΐ 6ST •09- 9ZI 'LZ- Ή ese V OHV N 9S6 WOIV
0 68 •esioo •ΐ 19- 9Z0 •62- 6ZS Ή sse V ΗΊΙ 0 SS6 WOIV
3 ΐ •swoo •ΐ soz •09- S9T •82- 90Z Έΐ sse V ΗΊΙ 3 S6 WOIV
3 Ϊ8 •TWOO •ΐ 66Z •6S- ws •62- G8T •Οΐ sse V ΗΊΙ es6 WOIV
3 so •swoo •ΐ •09- f8f e- 092 'ΖΙ sse V ΗΊΙ o SS6 WOIV
3 •eeioo •ΐ sez •6S- 6ZS •OS- ½S sse V ΗΊΙ TS6 WOIV
3 s •seioo •ΐ e9 •6S- 962 •62- 6Z9 •π sse V ΗΊΙ eo 0S6 WOIV
3 SS •( OO •ΐ S9S •09- m •82- ΐ8ΐ sse V ΗΊΙ V3 6f6 WOIV
N zz •oeioo •ΐ ZS8 19- 620 •82- 89 •π sse V ΗΊΙ N 8f6 WOIV
0 8f •eeioo •ΐ LfO •29- S8 •ss- W)0 ise V OHV 0 Lf6 WOIV
3 06 •oeioo •ΐ 66 •29- ZS8 •92- 8ff •π ise V OHV 3 9f6 WOIV
3 G6 • oo •ΐ Ϊ98 Έ9- Ln •ss- 08Z •6 ise V OHV eo S 6 WOIV
3 81 •eeioo •ΐ 8 8 Έ9- Z9Z •92- 9U •Οΐ ise V OHV V3 ff6 WOIV
N 08 •6eioo •ΐ £61 • 9- 8Z6 • s- S86 •6 ise V OHV N £f6 WOIV
0 Π •seioo •ΐ £ff •99- SS6 • s- LU •Οΐ ose V mo 0 Zf6 WOIV
3 n •9eioo •ΐ ££f •S9- OLf •82- 698 •6 ose V mo 3 If 6 WOIV
0 9 •8Π00 •ΐ 98 •Z9- 9Lf •62- Z98 'f ose V mo SHO 0f6 WOIV
0 S •SSTOO •ΐ Wf •99- 890 e- 8GS •S ose V mo ΪΗΟ 6G6 WOIV
3 Lf •^STOO •ΐ 6G0 •Z9- If 6 •62- 89 •S ose V mo CD 8G6 WOIV
3 S9 •9Π00 •ΐ 9Z9 •99- 260 •62- 268 •9 ose V mo 03 ZG6 WOIV
3 SO •OSTOO •ΐ 9ZZ •99- 8S8 •62- WZ •8 ose V mo eo 9S6 WOIV
3 ST •oeioo •ΐ ess •S9- 88Z •62- 260 •6 ose V mo V3 SS6 WOIV
N SZ •SSTOO •ΐ soe • 9- 9S6 •62- S6S •8 ose V mo N U6 WOIV
0 00 •SSTOO •ΐ ΐ ΐ6 •29- £fZ •OS- S0 •Οΐ 6U V mo 0 ee6 WOIV
3 so •moo •ΐ Z60 Έ9- S90 •OS- SS8 •8 6U V mo 3 Z£6 WOIV
0 SS 'ΖΟΐΟΟ •ΐ 80ΐ 19- 688 •ee- •9 6U V mo SHO K6 WOIV
0 SS •ΟΟΐΟΟ •ΐ 60ΐ 19- 620 •ee- S9e 'f 6U V mo ΪΗΟ 0S6 WOIV
3 6S ΈΟΐΟΟ •ΐ oeo 19- es6 ■zz- 909 •S 6U V mo CD 626 WOIV
3 Of •WHOO •ΐ 6S8 •09— ■\z- 06ΐ •9 6U V mo 03 826 WOIV . . .0/CT0ZN3/X3d .6 .6S0/M0Z OAV ϋ:/:/ O 96/-/-/->1£ z-6/-6soHoiAV v
v
o u
Figure imgf000030_0001
v Irs solv
v
v o
V N
v
v N
V
v v csdu solv /s/u/ O 96 ososId z-6/-6soHoiAV
Figure imgf000031_0001
Figure imgf000032_0001
ϋ:/:/ O 96/-/-/->1£ z-6/-6soHoiAV v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
oo
v
_6 ο od od od od v 6 6 6 od _6 od od c c c c v
v
v
v oo
v
v
v oo
oo v
o
v
v
v
o v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
Figure imgf000033_0001
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v ν :/:/ O>1£ zHoiAV
v
v
a
v
oo og c og o^ oo a v o oo a^ oo oo oo og o c og
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o S o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
v
v
0 0
t-
Figure imgf000034_0001
sm σ t- O O ο o o o σ o d σ
\i
D o o oo eg σ oo eg d c eg u eg c eg O oo r oo σ σ o co σ o O d d O o o σ o o σ oo σ oo o r o oo o O O O σ σ σ σ> σ oo σ σ d
σ σ t- σ σ σ o c ^ o o o
\i \i
y D eg c c eg oo σ o eg eg ^ GO 0 v 0 σ σ eg eg C oo oo oo o σ σ d σ σ σ σ o t-- oo σ O O
σ \i O O o o ο σ D v O oo σ σ σ o oo o O o c d d d o o o v oo σ oo c r oo o o o o σ
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
Figure imgf000034_0002
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v csd ϋ:/:/ O 96/-/-/->1£ z-6/-6soHoiAV
.
. .
1 σ 1
Figure imgf000035_0001
oeoz.
S6800 00 V dSV ΐ0 solv i:/:/ O 96/-/-/-i>l£ z-6/-6soHoiAV
solv
solv
solv
solv
a
^H o a ^H og c og solv
solv
oo og
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
Q Q
solv
solv
solv
solv
Figure imgf000036_0001
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv ϋ:/:/ O 96/-/-/->1£ z-6/-6soHoiAV
Figure imgf000037_0001
Figure imgf000037_0002
si v ηωΊ mu S01V :/:/ O>l£ zHoiAV ν
ν
^H og o c 一
Figure imgf000038_0001
ΝΈ>
Figure imgf000039_0001
C
OO C C C
oo cn c ^ oo cn c ^
CO OO OO OO C C O C cn C C C ^— n c h^ oo c ^a c o OO OO OO CJl— CJl on OO ^ C C —a cji C on J ^ — Ti ' J CJl C O ' J O OO On —a
^ ^ on —a
C
Figure imgf000039_0002
c
^ CJ1 on — a oo oo — a cji oo —a ^ ^ C ' C ^ on on -
O ^ O C O O i—1 i—1 O C ^ on co —a CO OO C O l— ' OO ' J ' J l— ' O C - J ^ ^ O0 i— ' C OO ^ ^ — a c cn C O OO ΟΊ — J C CJl CJl n oo ^ c c o c ^
ϋ:/:/ O 96/-/-/->1£ z-6/-6soHoiAV solv¾ v V zsi
solv oe v mu szsi
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv σ> σ> σ> oo oo o ο o CD §ΐ o σ> σ> σ> ο ο σ> q o c\i LQ cD a> cD a> ο ίο σί θ o ∞ o> o a> cD ∞ o q ∞ c\i a> a> o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
od
I
Figure imgf000040_0001
Figure imgf000040_0002
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv ze v ηωΊ s3 ϋ:/:/ O 96/-/-/->1£ z-6/-6soHoiAV solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
οο ι_ο σ οο
' [^ 1_6 1_6 0 (^ (^ ^ ^ 06 0 |_6 o o
οο
Figure imgf000041_0001
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv
solv W solv W solv W solv S V N 3 Ϊ8•90Ϊ00•ΐ W)S 'ff- S6T•02- wo V I'M 3 WOIV
3 oe •ΐΐΐΟΟ •ΐ ff9 'ff- 66Z 12- 696 ζ Z9f V I'M eo 9fLl WOIV
3 S9 'ΖΟΐΟΟ •ΐ L\L -£f- ΟΟΐ 12- 996 'ΖΖ Z9f V I'M V3 WOIV
N 9 •8Π00 •ΐ es6 'Zf- fLO 8TS 'ΖΖ Z9f V I'M N WOIV
0 89 •οποο •ΐ Ϊ99 'ff- ζ- S I9f V nm 0 WOIV
3 26 · ποο •ΐ -£f- 086 'ΖΖ- 8e S I9f V nm 3 WOIV
3 Zf Έ6 00 •ΐ 260 !f- 9T8 •92- 9SS S I9f V nm zao WOIV
3 29 ΈΖ 00 •ΐ ieo - 86 •ss- ff9 ·6ΐ I9f V nm o OfLl WOIV
3 •06 00 •ΐ Iff .Of- 90S •ss- OZl S I9f V nm 6£Ll WOIV
3 11 •68 00 •ΐ 96e lf- S6S 'fZ- ΐ½ S I9f V nm eo WOIV
3 11 ΈΟΐΟΟ •ΐ 'Zf- III ζ- 68S 'OS I9f V nm V3 LZL\ WOIV
N n ΈΟΐΟΟ •ΐ zo -£f- LL 'fZ- oez ·6ΐ I9f V nm N WOIV
0 Of •28 00 •ΐ SS6 'Zf- 8Zf ζ- zw 'Ζΐ 0S V I'M 0 sezi WOIV
3 98 •ΟΟΐΟΟ •ΐ zee -£f- m 'fZ- os ·8ΐ 0S V I'M 3 ULl WOIV
3 S6 ·Κ)ΐΟΟ •ΐ 8Z6 'ff- 12- 6fZ 'η 0S V I'M H3 eezi WOIV
S 00 •66 00 •ΐ 928 -£f- 08Z S8Z 'η 0S V I'M as ZZL\ WOIV
3 K 16 00 •ΐ Z9L 'ff- 6½ ζ- m ·9ΐ 0S V I'M \ZL\ WOIV
3 π · 6 00 •ΐ lOf 'ff- oeo •ss- 9fZ ·9ΐ 0S V I'M eo oezi WOIV
3 OZ Έ6 00 •ΐ 'ff- zn •ss- SS9 'Ζΐ os V I'M V3 6SZT WOIV
N zz •68 00 •ΐ L9f -£f- TS8 •92- Ϊ09 'Ζΐ os V I'M N 8SZT WOIV
0 s •90Ϊ00 •ΐ 6f9 'ff- Ϊ9Ζ 'LZ- ooe ·6ΐ 6ff V mo 0 LZL\ WOIV
3 so ·Κ)ΐΟΟ •ΐ ZOL -£f- Π8 'LZ- SOS ·8ΐ 6ff V mo 3 9SZT WOIV
0 s •ζΐΐΟΟ •ΐ S86 'LZ- 08Z •62- 8S9 ·6ΐ 6ff V mo SHO SSZT WOIV
0 u ·Κ)ΐΟΟ •ΐ SZ8 •8S- Z8Z 'LZ- UL ·6ΐ 6ff V mo ΪΗΟ Zl\ WOIV
3 zz •60Ϊ00 •ΐ S96 •8S- no •62- L6f ·6ΐ 6ff V mo CD ZZL\ WOIV
3 8Z •ΐθΐθθ •ΐ Z8Z .Of- 609 •62- Ϊ66 ·8ΐ 6ff V mo 03 ZZL\ WOIV
3 6S · 6 00 •ΐ SS lf- 88 •82- 9S ·6ΐ 6ff V mo eo \ZL\ WOIV
3 6Z •ΟΟΐΟΟ •ΐ 8fL 'Zf- •62- S6 ·8ΐ 6ff V mo V3 QZL\ WOIV
N z\ ΈΟΐΟΟ •ΐ Kf -£f- eie •OS- OfL ·8ΐ 6ff V mo N 6ΐΖΐ WOIV
0 · 6 00 •ΐ eo6 !f- 8S9 e- ZOL 'Ζΐ 8ff V V1V 0 8ΐΖΐ WOIV
3 26 •90Ϊ00 •ΐ 800 Έ - f8f e- IfZ ·8ΐ 8ff V V1V 3 ΖΐΖΐ WOIV
3 z\ 'ΖΟΐΟΟ •ΐ Z69 'ff- SS9 ■zz- ·6ΐ 8ff V V1V eo 9ΐΖΐ WOIV
3 m •90Ϊ00 •ΐ 886 -£f- 9f9 ■zz- 9se ·8ΐ 8ff V V1V V3 sm WOIV
N ZL •ΟΟΐΟΟ •ΐ 996 'ff- 209 ■zz- 6SS 'Ζΐ 8ff V V1V N π WOIV
0 89 •SOTOO •ΐ S88 -£f- SW) ■\z- ZW ·9ΐ Lff V SIH 0 sm WOIV
3 88 •96 00 •ΐ 0Z8 'ff- OSZ ■\z- 9£Z ·9ΐ Lff V SIH 3 Z\L\ WOIV
3 26 ·Ζ6 00 •ΐ S6Z •9 - ff£ •82- SOS Έΐ Lff V SIH zao ULl WOIV
N 6e •88 00 •ΐ 0S8 •9 - ΟΖΐ 'LZ- ZL\ 'η Lff V SIH zm ΟΐΖΐ WOIV
3 zz •S6 00 •ΐ £fZ •9 - 6ee 'LZ- 69e Lff V SIH ΪΗ3 60Ζΐ WOIV
N 62 •ΟΟΐΟΟ •ΐ ZS8 •S - SS9 •82- 6S '5ΐ Lff V SIH TON 80Ζΐ WOIV
3 S ·Ζ6 00 •ΐ fLl •9 - £6Z •62- 9ee Ή Lff V SIH ΟΖΐ WOIV
3 OZ •ΟΟΐΟΟ •ΐ 8T8 •S - 08Z •OS- 8Z0 Ή Lff V SIH eo 90Ζΐ WOIV
3 9ΐ •66 00 •ΐ 920 •9 - e- T8S '5ΐ Lff V SIH V3 SOZT WOIV
N 80 ·Ζ6 00 •ΐ W)0 •9 - sei •ee- 8 8 Ή Lff V SIH N WLI WOIV
0 G6 ·Ζ6 00 •ΐ 086 'Lf- •ee- £fL '5ΐ 9ff V SIH 0 eozi WOIV
3 G9 Έ6 00 •ΐ 868 •9 - no ■n- SSS '5ΐ 9ff V SIH 3 ZQL\ WOIV
3 9 Έ6 00 •ΐ 8fZ 'Lf- Ϊ66 •ss- 6ZZ Έΐ 9ff V SIH eo ΐΟΖΐ WOIV
3 89 •S6 00 •ΐ 8GS •9 - LLf •ss- 920 '5ΐ 9ff V SIH V3 ΟΟΖΐ WOIV
N 8Z •26 00 •ΐ 280 •S - ZL9 •ss- ZT6 Ή 9ff V SIH N 669ΐ WOIV
0 ·Ζ6 00 •ΐ ZT9 'ff- 89 •ss- OZl 'Ζΐ 9ff V SIH 0 869ΐ WOIV
3 · 8 00 •ΐ £fZ 'ff- IZ9 •ss- S6 '5ΐ 9ff V SIH 3 Ζ69ΐ WOIV
3 60 •90Ϊ00 •ΐ Z\Z 'ff- £W •8S- fZL Έΐ 9ff V SIH zao 969ΐ WOIV
N Ϊ6 ΈΟΐΟΟ •ΐ 260 •S - S90 •6S- 9ez Έΐ 9ff V SIH zm S69T WOIV
3 ze •ζΐΐΟΟ •ΐ ZG6 'ff- ssz •6S- 288 Ή 9ff V SIH ΪΗ3 69ΐ WOIV
N S9 •ΟΟΐΟΟ •ΐ 8S6 -£f- f9l •6S- 96S '5ΐ 9ff V SIH TON WOIV
3 8ΐ •66 00 •ΐ 98 -£f- ZOl •8S- 9T6 Ή 9ff V SIH 269ΐ WOIV
3 01 •06 00 •ΐ 6ze 'Zf- 91Z •ze- 9S '5ΐ 9ff V SIH eo ΐ69ΐ WOIV
3 \L ·8 00 •ΐ III 'Zf- 09Z •ss— U9 '5ΐ 9ff V SIH V3 069ΐ WOIV
01?
...0/ClOZN3/X3d .6.6S0/M0Z OAV
Figure imgf000043_0001
o
o
o ^
-^ οο ' ϊ θ
oo o oo
o
o
o o o ^ a^ a^ a
oo c
oo o oo c o oo cji cji oo c o ^ oo ^ cji oo c; cji c oo oo 一 o oo oo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ¾ o o o o ¾ o o o o o ¾
O/ZAVi /-6/-6S0H0i 96/-/-/-
o
^ o o o o o o o
0
Figure imgf000044_0001

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 伊维菌素及其衍生物在制备一种调控法尼醇受体 (Farnesoid X receptor, FXR) 活性的化合物或组合物中的应用, 所述伊维菌素的结构式为:
Figure imgf000045_0001
结构式 I
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的伊维菌素及其衍生物的应用, 其特征在于所述的衍生 物或结构类似物为阿维菌素, 其结构是式 II的化合物:
Figure imgf000045_0002
结构式 II 。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 1所述的伊维菌素及其衍生物的应用, 其特征在于所述的衍生 物为多拉克汀, 其结构是式 III的化合物:
结构式 III 。
[权利要求 4] 如权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的应用,其特征在于所述化合物或组合物包括伊 维菌素、 阿维菌素和多拉克汀的衍生物。
[权利要求 5] 如权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的应用, 其特征在于所述的伊维菌素、 阿维菌素 和多拉克汀在制备用于治疗与法尼醇受体相关的疾病, 包括代谢相关疾病, 胆汁阻塞、 胆结 石、 非酒精性脂肪肝、 动脉粥样硬化、 炎症、 癌症的药物中的应用。
[权利要求 6] 如权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的应用, 其特征在于在制备用于治疗哺乳动物代 谢相关疾病的药物中的应用。
[权利要求 7] 如权利要求 6所述的应用, 其特征在于所述代谢相关疾病包括高血糖、 胰岛 素抗性、 高甘油三酯血症、 高胆固醇血症、 糖尿病或肥胖症。
[权利要求 8] 如权利要求 6所述的应用, 其特征在于所述代谢相关疾病包括糖代谢相关疾 病。
[权利要求 9] 如权利要求 6所述的应用, 其特征在于所述代谢相关疾病包括脂代谢相关 疾病。
[权利要求 10] 如权利要求 5-9所述的应用,其特征在于所述衍生物是基于伊维菌素、阿维 菌素和多拉克汀设计和合成的的新衍生物。
[权利要求 11] 如权利要求 10所述的新衍生物设计和合成的方法, 具体特征在于: 以伊维 菌素、 阿维菌素和多拉克汀结构式为结构基础, 对该结构式中 C3-C4,C8-C9, C10-C11 , C14-C15 , C22-C23碳碳双键进行改造; 对 C5、 C7、 C4"位羟基进行改造; 对 C4、 C12、 C14、 C24、 C25位的侧链进行改造; 对 C13位的糖基进行水解以及其他基团进行取代改造方法。
[权利要求 12] 如权利要求 10所述的新衍生物设计和合成的方法, 具体特征在于: 通过高 亲和力并特异性结合法尼醇受体来设计和合成的的新衍生物。
[权利要求 13] 如权利要求 11或 12所述的新衍生物设计和合成的方法, 其特征在于包括 以上任何单一改造或不同方式改造的组合。
[权利要求 14] 如权利要求 1 至 10之一所述的应用, 其特征在于按照权利要求 1至 3、
10至 12所述的化合物在药学上可接受的盐。
[权利要求 15] 如权利要求 1至 10之一所述的应用, 其特征在于按照权利要求 1至 3、
10至 12所述的化合物在药学上可接受的赋型剂。
PCT/CN2013/077796 2012-10-19 2013-06-24 伊维菌素及其衍生物的用途 Ceased WO2014059797A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2015118579A RU2015118579A (ru) 2012-10-19 2013-06-24 Применение ивермектина и его производных
CA2889047A CA2889047A1 (en) 2012-10-19 2013-06-24 Use of ivermectin and derivatives thereof
CN201380054801.XA CN105473148A (zh) 2012-10-19 2013-06-24 伊维菌素及其衍生物的用途
BR112015008908A BR112015008908A2 (pt) 2012-10-19 2013-06-24 uso de ivermectina e seus derivados e método para desenhar e sintetizar novos derivados
EP13846857.4A EP2918274A1 (en) 2012-10-19 2013-06-24 Use of ivermectin and derivatives thereof
MX2015004884A MX2015004884A (es) 2012-10-19 2013-06-24 Uso de ivermectina y derivados de la misma.
KR1020157012948A KR20150081433A (ko) 2012-10-19 2013-06-24 이베르멕틴 및 이의 유도체의 용도
JP2015537115A JP2015534954A (ja) 2012-10-19 2013-06-24 イベルメクチンおよびその誘導体の使用
AU2013330877A AU2013330877A1 (en) 2012-10-19 2013-06-24 Use of ivermectin and derivatives thereof
US14/436,836 US10052340B2 (en) 2012-10-19 2013-06-24 Use of ivermectin and derivatives thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201210403320.2 2012-10-19
CN201210403320.2A CN102872066B (zh) 2012-10-19 2012-10-19 伊维菌素及其衍生物的用途

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014059797A1 true WO2014059797A1 (zh) 2014-04-24

Family

ID=47473737

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2013/077796 Ceased WO2014059797A1 (zh) 2012-10-19 2013-06-24 伊维菌素及其衍生物的用途

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US10052340B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2918274A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2015534954A (zh)
KR (1) KR20150081433A (zh)
CN (3) CN103356687B (zh)
AU (1) AU2013330877A1 (zh)
BR (1) BR112015008908A2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2889047A1 (zh)
MX (1) MX2015004884A (zh)
RU (1) RU2015118579A (zh)
WO (1) WO2014059797A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112057461A (zh) * 2020-09-15 2020-12-11 东北农业大学 多拉菌素在治疗食管癌中的应用

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103356687B (zh) * 2012-10-19 2016-06-01 厦门大学 一种伊维菌素及其衍生物的用途
TW201615219A (zh) * 2014-10-24 2016-05-01 朗齊生物醫學股份有限公司 呼吸系統疾病用藥臨床新應用
FR3042412A1 (fr) * 2015-10-14 2017-04-21 Biotopic Pharmaceuticals Formulation pharmaceutique stabilisee et prete a l'emploi d'ivermectine dans le traitement des parasitoses humaines et animales
CN105477636B (zh) * 2015-10-16 2019-09-17 厦门大学 使用阿维菌素及其衍生物治疗代谢疾病的方法
CN106237332A (zh) * 2016-08-11 2016-12-21 河南大学 核受体fxr在肝癌干细胞靶向治疗中的应用
CN108707173A (zh) * 2017-04-06 2018-10-26 合帕吉恩治疗公司 作为fxr调节剂的阿维菌素衍生物
AU2018301500A1 (en) * 2017-07-14 2020-01-30 University Of Bath Methods and compositions for treating inflammation
CN108524533A (zh) * 2018-06-05 2018-09-14 中国科学院动物研究所 一种化合物用作抗肿瘤药物增效剂和逆转剂
CN111789862A (zh) * 2020-08-22 2020-10-20 东北农业大学 多拉菌素在治疗胶质瘤中的应用
US11291679B1 (en) * 2021-03-22 2022-04-05 Mountain Valley Md Inc. Injectable, infusable, instillable ivermectin adjuvant for cancer therapies
CN120037250A (zh) * 2025-04-07 2025-05-27 江苏知原药业股份有限公司 一种伊维菌素外用药物组合物、制备方法及应用

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1777433A (zh) 2003-04-24 2006-05-24 盖尔德玛公司 用于治疗皮肤病症的伊维菌素局部制剂
CN1933856A (zh) 2004-03-18 2007-03-21 盖尔德玛公司 含有伊维菌素的乳膏-凝胶
WO2008034202A2 (en) * 2006-09-19 2008-03-27 Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Use of ivermectin and derivates thereof for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
WO2011011632A1 (en) * 2009-07-22 2011-01-27 Tufts University Methods and compositions for modulating membrane potential to influence cell behavior
CN102872066A (zh) * 2012-10-19 2013-01-16 厦门大学 伊维菌素及其衍生物的用途

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4199569A (en) * 1977-10-03 1980-04-22 Merck & Co., Inc. Selective hydrogenation products of C-076 compounds and derivatives thereof
ES8800986A1 (es) * 1985-07-27 1987-12-01 Pfizer Un procedimiento para la produccion de un nuevo derivado de avermectina
US5248669A (en) * 1991-12-17 1993-09-28 Samir Amer Inhibition of anoxia or hypoxia-induced, endothelium-mediated vasospasm with avermectins
AU2003249244A1 (en) * 2002-07-15 2004-02-02 Combinatorx, Incorporated Methods for the treatment of neoplasms
BRPI0410503B8 (pt) 2003-04-24 2021-05-25 Galderma Sa composição tópica e uso da composição
JP2012513387A (ja) * 2008-12-23 2012-06-14 ガルデルマ・ソシエテ・アノニム 感水性の活性成分を含む、局所用医薬組成物

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1777433A (zh) 2003-04-24 2006-05-24 盖尔德玛公司 用于治疗皮肤病症的伊维菌素局部制剂
CN1933856A (zh) 2004-03-18 2007-03-21 盖尔德玛公司 含有伊维菌素的乳膏-凝胶
WO2008034202A2 (en) * 2006-09-19 2008-03-27 Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Use of ivermectin and derivates thereof for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
WO2011011632A1 (en) * 2009-07-22 2011-01-27 Tufts University Methods and compositions for modulating membrane potential to influence cell behavior
CN102872066A (zh) * 2012-10-19 2013-01-16 厦门大学 伊维菌素及其衍生物的用途

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112057461A (zh) * 2020-09-15 2020-12-11 东北农业大学 多拉菌素在治疗食管癌中的应用

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US10052340B2 (en) 2018-08-21
MX2015004884A (es) 2015-10-05
CN105473148A (zh) 2016-04-06
KR20150081433A (ko) 2015-07-14
CA2889047A1 (en) 2014-04-24
CN103356687A (zh) 2013-10-23
US20150306123A1 (en) 2015-10-29
CN102872066A (zh) 2013-01-16
CN102872066B (zh) 2014-07-02
CN103356687B (zh) 2016-06-01
EP2918274A1 (en) 2015-09-16
RU2015118579A (ru) 2016-12-10
JP2015534954A (ja) 2015-12-07
BR112015008908A2 (pt) 2017-07-04
AU2013330877A1 (en) 2015-05-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2014059797A1 (zh) 伊维菌素及其衍生物的用途
AU2004200560B2 (en) Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications Based on the Role of the CXCR-4 Gene in Tumorigenesis
Choi et al. Cloning and characterization of a human electrogenic Na+-HCO 3− cotransporter isoform (hhNBC)
CN112057443B (zh) 苯磺酰胺类化合物的医药用途及其药物组合物
EA020520B1 (ru) Аналоги глюкагона
CA2786888A1 (en) Pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of pain and other indications
Kim et al. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), a new player in endoplasmic reticulum diseases: structure, biology, and therapeutic roles
WO1999004815A1 (fr) Compositions medicinales hypocholesterolemiantes
JP2025000975A (ja) 多形化合物およびその使用
JP2022105082A (ja) 新規のアシル化インスリン類似体およびそれらの使用
JP2013538862A (ja) フェニルピルビン酸の抗糖尿病エノール型グルコシド
CA2896688A1 (en) A mg53 mutant, methods of mutation and use thereof
JP2020536872A (ja) 3−置換1,2,4−オキサジアゾールの結晶形態
Rosen et al. Thyroid hormone receptor mutations in cancer and resistance to thyroid hormone: perspective and prognosis
CN110237257B (zh) Ube3a泛素化PP2A激活因子PTPA在治疗天使综合症和孤独症中的应用
US6863887B1 (en) Therapeutic and diagnostic applications based on the role of the CXCR-4 gene in tumorigenesis
CN106265620A (zh) 阿特匹灵c及其类似物在制备防治代谢性疾病的药物中的应用
ES2331107T3 (es) Nuevos receptores captadores.
JP2003238592A (ja) 組織及び血管の再生のための医薬及びその方法
CN116615418A (zh) 一种吲唑类衍生物的药学上可接受的盐、结晶形式及其制备方法
CA3176384A1 (en) Method of treating ship1-mediated diseases using pelorol derivatives
EP4458820A1 (en) Class of quinoline compounds, preparation method therefor, pharmaceutical composition and use thereof
US20250326814A1 (en) Modified oxyntomodulin and methods of use thereof
US20250361240A1 (en) Pyranopyridine compound, process for preparing the same, pharmaceutical composition and use thereof
WO2023173359A1 (zh) 一种代谢疾病治疗剂或预防剂

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 201380054801.X

Country of ref document: CN

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 13846857

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 14436836

Country of ref document: US

Ref document number: MX/A/2015/004884

Country of ref document: MX

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2015537115

Country of ref document: JP

Kind code of ref document: A

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2889047

Country of ref document: CA

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: BR

Ref legal event code: B01A

Ref document number: 112015008908

Country of ref document: BR

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 20157012948

Country of ref document: KR

Kind code of ref document: A

REEP Request for entry into the european phase

Ref document number: 2013846857

Country of ref document: EP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2013846857

Country of ref document: EP

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2015118579

Country of ref document: RU

Kind code of ref document: A

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2013330877

Country of ref document: AU

Date of ref document: 20130624

Kind code of ref document: A

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 112015008908

Country of ref document: BR

Kind code of ref document: A2

Effective date: 20150420