WO2013124022A1 - Vehicle having a high-temperature circuit, a low-temperature circuit, an air conditioning cooling circuit and/or a waste heat recovery circuit - Google Patents

Description

 Vehicle with a high-temperature circuit, a low-temperature circuit, an air-conditioning refrigeration cycle and / or a waste heat recovery cycle

The invention relates to a vehicle with a high-temperature circuit, a

Low-temperature circuit, an air conditioning cooling circuit and / or a

Waste heat recovery circuit according to the preamble of claim 1.

EP 1 407 906 B1 describes a thermoregulation device for a

Motor vehicle interior comprising a first closed heat exchanger circuit in which circulates a cooling liquid and containing a heat engine to be cooled and an air-driven radiator, at least one second closed

Heat exchanger circuit in which circulates a refrigerant and a condenser, in direct or indirect thermal communication with the first

Heat exchanger circuit stands, a relaxation organ, an air-powered

Evaporator, which is arranged in a ventilation duct for cooling the interior, and having a compressor, and a radiator, which is also in the

Ventilation line is arranged, wherein the device also

Having means for discharging the radiated heat from the radiator or by the evaporator heat output to the outside of the interior, when the radiator operates in the mode air-driven heat pump, by calories from the first

Heat exchanger circuit are removed, or when the evaporator generates calories within the second heat exchanger circuit, wherein the radiator is in thermal communication with the capacitor.

The invention is based on the object, an improved over the prior art vehicle with a high-temperature circuit, a Low-temperature circuit, an air conditioning cooling circuit and / or a

Specify waste heat recovery cycle.

The object is achieved by the features specified in claim 1.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

In the vehicle having a high-temperature circuit, a low-temperature circuit, an air conditioning cooling circuit and / or a waste heat recovery circuit, the air conditioning cooling circuit and / or the waste heat recovery circuit according to the invention by means of a respective thermally with the thermal

Low-temperature circuit coupled, the capacitor with an im

Low-temperature circuit circulating coolant is coolable.

Conventionally, the condenser is air-cooled and disposed in front of a low-temperature coolant radiator and a high-temperature coolant radiator in a front region of the vehicle in the direction of travel. As a result, a flow of low-temperature coolant coolers and high-temperature coolant coolers with airflow is reduced and their cooling performance is worsened.

By cooling the capacitor in the low-temperature circuit with the coolant circulating there, such a conventional air-cooled condenser in the vehicle front is avoided, so that a flow of

 Low-temperature coolant cooler and high-temperature coolant cooler with airstream and a resulting cooling performance is significantly improved.

In an advantageous embodiment, a cooling surface of the

Low-temperature coolant radiator in the front of the vehicle increases and / or a weaker low-temperature coolant pump can be used in the low-temperature circuit. As a result, a space and an energy consumption of the low-temperature coolant pump are reduced. Furthermore, a fan of the

Low-temperature coolant cooler due to the increased cooling surface and / or the improved flow with airstream are operated at a reduced power. Due to the omission of the conventional air-cooled condenser in the front region of the vehicle, a structural depth of the vehicle components arranged there, in particular of a cooler package, is significantly reduced, as a result of which a force absorption and a

Force introduction into the vehicle are improved in a collision event.

The coolant-cooled condenser may be located closer to the remaining components of the air conditioning cooling circuit or the waste heat recovery circuit, such that a volume of refrigerant in and out of these circuits

resulting costs are reducible.

Furthermore, by means of a valve arrangement, a coolant flow through the

Capacitor and a resulting cooling capacity can be controlled and / or regulated.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, a battery cooling circuit can be thermally coupled to the low-temperature circuit by means of the capacitor, so that a temperature control of a traction battery of the vehicle is possible.

Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.

Showing:

Fig. 1 shows schematically a first embodiment of a

 Low-temperature circuit with a capacitor,

Fig. 2 shows schematically a second embodiment of a

 Low-temperature circuit with a capacitor,

Fig. 3 shows schematically a third embodiment of a

 Low-temperature circuit with a capacitor,

Fig. 4 shows schematically a fourth embodiment of a

Low-temperature circuit with a capacitor and a thermally coupled to the low-temperature circuit battery cooling circuit, Fig. 5 shows schematically a fifth embodiment of a

 Low-temperature circuit with a capacitor and a thermally coupled to the low-temperature circuit battery cooling circuit,

Fig. 6 shows schematically a front portion of a vehicle according to the prior

 Technology, and

Fig. 7 shows schematically a front portion of a vehicle according to the invention.

Corresponding parts are provided in all figures with the same reference numerals.

Figure 1 shows schematically a first embodiment of a

Low-temperature circuit 1 with a capacitor 2. Such a

Low-temperature circuit 1 is arranged in a vehicle, not shown, which is a conventional high-temperature circuit and a conventional air conditioning cooling circuit and / or a conventional

Waste heat recovery cycle includes.

The vehicle may be designed as a conventional combustion engine operated vehicle or as a hybrid vehicle.

Such, not shown high-temperature circuit is as conventional

Engine cooling circuit for an internal combustion engine of the vehicle formed and includes at least a coolant pump, a bypass line, a high-temperature coolant radiator, a valve assembly and the

 Internal combustion engine with the corresponding coolant channels, which are connected in a circuit. In the internal combustion engine may be a conventional diesel or gasoline engine or other internal combustion engine, for. B. a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle or commercial vehicle act.

In a first embodiment, high-temperature circuit and

Low-temperature circuit 1 may be formed as separate cooling circuits. In each of which a separate coolant KM circulates. In an alternative embodiment, high-temperature circuit and

Low-temperature circuit 1 at least partially fluidly coupled to each other such that a conventional coolant KM circulates in both circuits. In this case, the low-temperature circuit 1 can be designed as a permanently or, if necessary, switchable operated partial circuit of the high-temperature circuit.

The air conditioning cooling circuit not shown is more conventional

Air conditioning cooling circuit designed for temperature control of a vehicle interior and includes the condenser 2, by means of which circulating in the air conditioning cooling circuit working fluid AM is cooled in a conventional manner.

The waste heat recovery circuit not shown in detail is designed as a conventional waste heat recovery circuit, for example as a so-called Rankine cycle process, and comprises the capacitor 2, by means of a in the

Waste heat recovery circuit circulating working fluid AM in a conventional manner can be cooled and / or condensed.

Such a conventional capacitor 2 is a device in which a

vaporous working fluid AM is liquefied and thus condensed. Within a capacitor 2 thus takes place a transition of the working medium AM from the gaseous to the liquid state of matter.

According to the invention, the condenser 2 is arranged in the low-temperature circuit 1 and can thus be cooled by the coolant KM circulating in the low-temperature circuit 1. Thus, the working medium AM of the capacitor 2 flowing through

Air conditioning refrigeration cycle or the waste heat recovery circuit by means of the coolant KM of the low-temperature circuit 1 condensed.

The low-temperature circuit 1 is essentially conventional

Low-temperature circuit 1 is formed and includes at least one

Low-temperature coolant pump 3, a low-temperature coolant radiator 4 and the vehicle components to be cooled, which are connected in a circuit. In this case, the vehicle components arranged in the low-temperature circuit 1 and to be cooled in each case comprise coolant ducts or corresponding heat exchangers, not shown, and can be connected in series and / or in parallel in the low-temperature circuit 1.

The vehicle components can be designed, for example, as electric drive components, generators, intercoolers 5, transmission oil coolers 6 and / or coolable ancillaries of the internal combustion engine, such as an alternator.

The electric drive components may be, for example, as conventional

Traction battery 13, power electronics 11, electric motor, voltage converter 18 and / or charge controller 19 may be formed.

In the embodiment variant shown in FIG. 1, the condenser 2 is connected in series with the transmission oil cooler 6 in a first section 8 of the low-temperature circuit 1, wherein the condenser 2 is arranged upstream of the transmission oil cooler 6 in the flow direction of the coolant KM. In a second section 9 of the

Low-temperature circuit 1, the intercooler 5 is arranged. The sections 8, 9 are connected in parallel in the low-temperature circuit 1.

An inflow of the coolant KM in the sections 8, 9 is by means of a

Valve arrangement 7 can be controlled and / or regulated. In this case, the valve arrangement 7 is preferred as a conventional three-way valve, which at the branch between the

Subsections 8, 9 is arranged formed.

The multi-way valve of the valve assembly 7 is formed as a control valve, in particular directly controlled valve, which by means of a non-illustrated

Control unit is controlled such that the flow rate of the coolant flow is individually adjustable.

By means of the reusable valve is a coolant flow in the low-temperature circuit 1, in particular by the sections 8, 9 and arranged in these

Vehicle components, individually, z. B. time-dependent, timed, pressure-dependent, z. Depending on the refrigerant pressure or other values determined by the

Refrigerant pressure dependent, temperature dependent, z. B. depending on the Coolant temperature, and / or event-dependent, z. B. operating point dependent, stepwise and / or stepless control and / or adjustable.

In an embodiment not shown, the valve assembly 7 may be formed by a respective controllable and / or controllable throttle or shut-off valve in each of the sections 8, 9 of the low-temperature circuit 1.

By means of the valve assembly 7 are thus a flow rate of the coolant KM through the condenser 2 and thus a resulting cooling capacity of the capacitor 2 adjustable.

By means of the valve assembly 7, the means of the capacitor 2 from the

Low-temperature circuit 1 removable cooling capacity for the capacitor 2 can be set variably and, for example, depending on the corresponding

Operating parameters cooling of the capacitor 2 are allowed or blocked.

Such a blockage of the coolant inflow can, for example, in a

Full load operation of the vehicle will be necessary if other vehicle components need the maximum available in the low-temperature circuit 1 cooling capacity. This occurs, for example, in an acceleration phase, in a trailer operation and / or when driving uphill.

In a downhill and / or a recuperation, the rest

Vehicle components in the low-temperature circuit 1 are conventionally cooled, while excess cooling capacity of the low-temperature circuit 1 is advantageously used to subcool the capacitor 2.

Figure 2 shows schematically a second embodiment of a

Low-temperature circuit 1 with a capacitor 2. This embodiment corresponds essentially to the embodiment of Figure 1 with the difference that the capacitor 2 is arranged alone in the first section 8, while

Transmission oil cooler 6 and intercooler 5 are connected in series in the second section 9.

Figure 3 shows schematically a third embodiment of a

Low-temperature circuit 1 with a capacitor 2. This variant corresponds essentially to the embodiment of Figure 1 with the difference that the low-temperature circuit 1 is extended with the parallel connected sections 8, 9 to a parallel to these sections 8, 9 arranged third section 10.

Here, in the first section 8 of the transmission oil cooler 6 and the

 Power electronics 11 arranged in the second section 9 of the intercooler 5 and in the third section 10 of the capacitor. 2

In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the valve assembly 7 is formed of two conventional three-way valves, which to the corresponding

Branches between the sections 8, 9, 10 are arranged.

Advantageously, the three-way valve of the valve assembly 7, which controls the branch to the third section 10 with the capacitor 2 and / or controls, in

Flow direction after the three-way valve of the valve assembly 7, which the branch to the first section 8 with the transmission oil cooler 6 and the

Power electronics 11 controls and / or regulates, arranged so that the first

Flow rate of the coolant KM is adjustable by the first section 8 and thus ensured. As a result, a cooling of the components in the first

Part 8 ensures all operating conditions and cooled in the event of possible residual cooling capacity of the condenser 2.

 Advantageously, all temperature-sensitive components are to be arranged in the first section 8 in order to ensure their temperature range.

In an embodiment not shown, the valve assembly 7 may also be formed as a conventional four-way valve.

Figure 4 shows schematically a fourth embodiment of a

Low-temperature circuit 1 with a capacitor 2, wherein the

Low temperature circuit 1 is thermally coupled to a battery cooling circuit 12.

The low temperature circuit 1 in Figure 4 corresponds to the embodiment of Figure 3. The battery cooling circuit 12 is formed as a conventional battery cooling circuit for controlling the temperature of a traction battery 13 and other electrical drive components. Such a battery cooling circuit 12 comprises at least one coolant pump 14, a valve arrangement 15, a chiller 16, a battery coolant cooler 17, a

Voltage converter 18 and / or a charge controller 19, which are connected in a circuit.

In this case, the arranged in the battery cooling circuit 12 and to be cooled electrical drive components each include coolant channels not shown or corresponding heat exchanger and can be connected in the battery cooling circuit 12 in series and / or in parallel.

In the embodiment variant shown in FIG. 4, the capacitor 2 is connected in series with the one or more traction batteries 13 in a first battery cooling circuit section 20 of the battery cooling circuit 12, wherein the condenser 2 is arranged in front of the traction batteries 13 in the direction of flow of the refrigerant KM1 circulating in the battery cooling circuit 12. In a second battery cooling circuit section 21 of the

Battery cooling circuit 12, the voltage converter 18 and the charge controller 19 are arranged in series. The battery cooling circuit sections 20, 21 are connected in parallel in the battery cooling circuit 12.

The thermal coupling between low-temperature circuit 1 and battery cooling circuit 12 takes place by means of the capacitor 2. For this purpose, the condenser 2 has a first condenser sub-region 22 for condensation and a second condenser sub-region 23 for subcooling the working medium AM flowing through the condenser 2. Both capacitor sections 22, 23 are arranged in a common housing.

In the preferred embodiment shown in Figure 4, the first is

Condenser portion 22 of the capacitor 2 in the low-temperature circuit 1, while the second capacitor portion 23 is disposed in the battery cooling circuit 12. In this case, the capacitor sections 22, 23 successively from the working means AM of the air conditioning cooling circuit or the

Exhaust heat recovery circuit flows through. In an embodiment not shown, the capacitor 2 may be formed as a chain of heat exchangers, wherein the thermal energy is from a first to a second and then from the second to a third working medium.

During operation of the vehicle, the thermal coupling of

Low-temperature circuit 1 and battery cooling circuit 12 a transfer of thermal energy from the low-temperature circuit 1 in the battery cooling circuit 12 during a startup phase, a preheating the internal combustion engine or in preparation for driving with the electric machine, since thus the traction battery 13 in

Battery cooling circuit 12 can be brought by the thermal energy from the low-temperature circuit 1 to operating temperature.

Since such heating of the traction battery 13 only in the starting phase and

is dependent in particular on the outside temperature, is provided in an advantageous embodiment, not shown, a bypass line in such

Battery cooling circuit 12 to be arranged that by means of the bypass line, the capacitor 2 in the battery cooling circuit 12 is switched on and out by either flows through the refrigerant KM1 of the battery cooling circuit 12 or is not flowed through.

Furthermore, thermal energy from the battery cooling circuit 12 in the

Low temperature circuit 1 can be transmitted, so the cooling of the

Traction battery 13 by means of the low-temperature circuit 1 to assist.

FIG. 5 schematically shows a fifth embodiment of a

Low-temperature circuit 1 with a capacitor 2, wherein the

Low temperature circuit 1 is thermally coupled to a battery cooling circuit 12. This embodiment corresponds essentially to the embodiment of Figure 4 with the difference that the traction battery 13 alone in the first

Battery cooling circuit section 20 of the battery cooling circuit 12 is arranged, while voltage converter 18, charge controller 19 and capacitor 2 in series in the second

Battery cooling circuit section 21 of the battery cooling circuit 12 are connected.

FIG. 6 schematically shows a front region 24 of a vehicle according to the prior art. In such a conventional front region 24 are in the direction of travel F of the vehicle successively a cross member 25, a conventional air-cooled Capacitor 26, the low-temperature coolant cooler 4 of the

Low-temperature circuit 1, a high-temperature coolant cooler 27 of

High-temperature circuit arranged thereon fan 28 and baffles 29. Below the cross member 25 of the battery coolant radiator 17 is arranged. Behind the high-temperature coolant radiator 27, a stacked disc radiator 32 and the water-cooled intercooler 5 are arranged.

FIG. 7 schematically shows a front region 24 of a vehicle according to the invention with a coolant-cooled condenser 2. This embodiment corresponds essentially to the embodiment variant according to FIG. 6, with the difference that the conventional air-cooled condenser 26 is omitted, so that instead of it

Battery coolant cooler 17 can be arranged, the effective cooling surface is so enlarged and its flow is improved with wind. Of the

Coolant-cooled condenser 2 does not have to be in the cooling airflow at the

Front region 24 may be arranged.

Since the coolant-cooled condenser 2 does not have to be cooled in the air stream of the wind, he can in alternative, not shown embodiments in

Niche or be arranged in encapsulated or partially encapsulated areas of the engine compartment of the vehicle. In this case, an arrangement of the capacitor 2 in spatial proximity to the intercooler 5 is advantageous because the capacitor 2 in the

Low-temperature circuit 1 is connected in parallel to the intercooler 5 and so the corresponding supply and discharge lines are simple and short form.

Thus, a flow of low-temperature coolant radiator 4 and

High-temperature coolant cooler 27 with airstream and a resulting

Cooling performance improved significantly.

Due to the omission of the conventional air-cooled condenser 26 in the front region 24 of the vehicle, a structural depth of the vehicle components arranged there, in particular a cooler package, is significantly reduced, whereby a force absorption and an introduction of force into the vehicle are improved in the event of an impact.

The coolant-cooled condenser 2 may be located closer to the remaining components of the air conditioning cooling circuit or the waste heat recovery circuit so that a volume of refrigerant in these circuits and the resulting costs can be reduced.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

Low-temperature circuit

 capacitor

 Low-temperature coolant pump

 Low-temperature coolant radiator

 Intercooler

 Transmission oil cooler

 valve assembly

first section

second subsection

third section

 power electronics

 Battery cooling circuit

 traction battery

 Coolant pump

 valve assembly

 Chilians

 Battery coolant cooler

 DC converter

 charge controller

first battery cooling circuit section

second battery cooling circuit section

first capacitor section

second capacitor section

 front area

 crossbeam

air-cooled condenser

High-temperature coolant radiator 28 fans

 29 air baffle

 32 stacking disc cooler

KM coolant

 KM1 refrigerant

 AM work equipment

F direction of travel

Claims

claims Vehicle with a high-temperature circuit, a low-temperature circuit (1), an air conditioning cooling circuit and / or a Waste heat recovery cycle, characterized in that the air conditioning cooling circuit and / or the waste heat recovery circuit by means of a respective capacitor (2) thermally with the  Low-temperature circuit (1) are coupled, wherein the capacitor (2) with a in the low-temperature circuit (1) circulating coolant (KM) is cooled. Vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that a flow through the condenser (2) with coolant (KM) of the Low temperature circuit (1) by means of at least one valve assembly (7) is controlled and / or regulated. Vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the capacitor (2) is connected in series and / or in parallel with the other components that can be cooled in the low-temperature circuit (1). Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the high-temperature circuit and the low-temperature circuit (1) are designed as separate cooling circuits. 5. Vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 3,  characterized in that  the high-temperature circuit and the low-temperature circuit (1) are fluidically coupled and / or the low-temperature circuit (1) forms a partial circuit of the high-temperature circuit. 6. Vehicle according to claim 5,  characterized in that  the low-temperature circuit (1) is designed as a permanently or optionally switchable operated partial circuit of the high-temperature circuit. 7. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims,  characterized in that  the low-temperature circuit (1) a separate  Low temperature coolant cooler (4) and a separate  Low-temperature coolant pump (3). 8. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims,  characterized in that  by means of the capacitor (2) a battery cooling circuit (12) thermally coupled to the low-temperature circuit (1) can be coupled. 9. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims,  characterized in that  the condenser (2) has a first condenser subregion (22) for condensation and a second condenser subregion (23) for subcooling the respective one  Working fluid (AM) of air conditioning refrigeration cycle or  Has waste heat recovery cycle.