Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
  • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax
  • A01N3/02—Keeping cut flowers fresh chemically
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
  • C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
  • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
  • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
  • C05G5/23—Solutions

Definitions

• This invention relates to methods of treating plants.
• fertilizer inputs includes fertilizers, composts, manures, organic or chemical synthetics.
• crop yield includes but is not limited to fruit, shoot, bulb or root: size, quantity and or quality.
• Aqueous smoke is produced by combusting plant material and exposing the smoke generated to water.
• the solution formed is collected and can be stored for prolonged periods without loosing its germination stimulating effect [NAC Brown and J van Staden, Smoke as a germination cue: a review, Plant Growth Regulation, 22: 1 15-124 (1997)]. It has also been found that the active compound(s) can also be produced by exposing the plant material to dry heat.
• the present invention discloses the use of 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-
• the 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one may be in the form of a component of smoke derived from the burning or smouldering of cellulose based bio- mass, or an aqueous solution containing the gasses derived from burning or smouldering of cellulose based biomass held in suspension in an aqueous solution.
• a solution of 3- methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one in water is hereinafter called "smoke water” .
• the 3-methyl-2H-furo[2 , 3-c]pyran-2-one may be synthetically produced.
• the compound may be formed from an amino-carbonyl reaction between an amino containing compound and a sugar or may be synthetically produced.
• a method of treating plants comprising ascertaining the fertilizer protocol for an area containing the plants and then feeding the said area with the combination an amount of fertiliser which is reduced as compared to the fertiliser protocol plus an amount of smoke water.
• the fertilizer protocol is ascertained by the farmer's experience in fertilizing the area or if there is no such experience by making calculations based on the information provided by the fertilizer manufacturer.
• the smoke water is preferably made according to the invention described and claimed in my International Patent Application No. PCT/ZA2012/00031.
• the solution contains the compound 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3- c]pyran-2-one or a derivative thereof in a concentration of the compound used in the range between 10 ⁇ 10 M and 10 ⁇ 2 M.
• the amount of fertigation is reduced by up to 50 % . Indeed it may be greater depending on fertilizer protocols.
• a method of treating cut flowers comprising placing the cut flowers into hydrating liquid and adding smoke water to the hydrating fluid. This method I have found reduces senescence in cut flowers.
• the smoke water is preferably added in an amount to constitute a concentration of 10 2 to 10 "10 M preferably 10 ⁇ 7 in the hydrating fluid.
• the smoke water is preferably added to the hydrating fluid in an amount to of approximately 1 : 1600.
• a method of treating the structure of soil on which grass is grown comprising applying smoke water to the surface of the grass improving soil structure.
• Smoke water may be applied by being injected into the fertilization fluid.
• Smoke water may be applied once every fourteen days and preferably in an amount of 60 ml/m 2 .
• a method for improving soil structure According to the third aspect of the invention there is provided a method for improving soil structure.
• the compound may be applied directly to the soil by means of dusting, spraying, soaking etc, or in combination with other additive substrate treatments.
• the compound may be included in a solvent such as water, and may be accompanied with a suitable surfactant or wetting agent.
• Figure 1 is bar graph showing the yield of strawberries in grammes per plant for a control block and a block treated with smoke water;
• Figure 2 is a bar graph showing average fruit weights in a test of strawberry plant with two control areas and one area treated with smoke water as described;
• Figure 3 is a bar graph showing the brix in the control areas and the area treated with smoke water
• Figure 4 is graph showing a comparison of the tomato yields per harvest between three types of treatment, treated against untreated;
• Figure 5 shows a rose hydrated in untreated water which has fully opened in 14 days
• Figure 6 shows a rose hydrated in water with smoke water dilution
• Figure 7 shows a soil profile of the control area of a golf course green after six months with a pronounced hydrophobic 10mm thatch layer; and Figure 8 shows a soil profile of the treated area of the golf course green after six months treatment showing a narrow diffusing 3mm thatch layer.
• the trial was conducted as a pot trial in a net house of a commercial tomato producing farm.
• Four-week old tomato plants were transplanted into pots filled with compost and coco peat mixture.
• the tomato plants were allowed to grow for twenty four weeks. Plant nutrition, pest and disease control, irrigation and cultural practices followed the proprietary protocols used on the farm.
• Group 1 received smoke water plus the standard fertilizer dosage (100%) i.e. the fertilizer dosage in accordance with the protocol ascertained by the farmer's experience.
• Group 2 received smoke water plus half the standard fertilizer dosage (50%).
• Group 3 was the control group which received no smoke water plus the standard fertilizer dosage (100%).
• Group 4 received smoke water plus no standard fertilizer dosage (0%).
• the smoke water was diluted to constitute a 10 "7 M of the compound 3- methyl-hA-furo[2,3-c] pyran-2-one solution in water. Application of smoke water was included into the daily irrigation protocol of the test plants exposed to this product. Smoke water was applied daily with irrigation at I ml / 1600ml per irrigation. 500ml of irrigation containing 0.3125ml of smoke water product was given daily to each test plant for the duration of the trial.
• Tank Fl The content of Tank Fl consisted of: 0.25 kg Urea, 70L
• Tank F2 The content of Tank F2 consisted of: 0.25 kg Urea, 4.3
• Tank F3 The content of Tank F3 contained diluted Sulphuric, Nitric or
• Hydrochloric acid was used for automatically adjusting the pH of the irrigation water to 6.0.
• test plants which received the standard fertilizer regime plus smoke water showed significant improvements over the test plants which received only the standard fertilizer regime.
• the most surprising result is that the test plants which received only half the standard fertilizer -regime plus smoke water showed an even greater improvement of the measured parameters over the test plants which received the 100% standard fertilizer regime, i.e. an improvement over both the plants that received the standard regime on its own and the plants which received the standard regime plus smoke water.
• Quarter hectares 1 , 2, 3 and 4 were fertilized normally i.e. with a fertilized protocol with the fertilizer comprising of 81t CaN03/day and 281t a mix of (NH4)3P04, K, Mg, trace elements and charcoal. The fertilizer was applied by means of fertigation in the usual manner.
• Results showed that the three quarter hectares fertilized in the standard manner yielded around 45 tonnes with the mean average being 45.28ton. Whilst the quarter hectare treated with the additional mixture of smoke water yielded a crop of 65.7 ton. Also noted were a longer harvest and more vigorous growth in the smoke water treated plants.
• Trial blocks comprise 4 hectares per block.
• the Control Al - untreated under shade- netting
• the control block was exposed to the standard fertigation protocol used for commercial production. N 125 ppm; P39 ppm; K102ppm; CalOOppm; N0 3 436 ppm at an EC of 1.78.
• Yield was recorded in the form of weight of fruit per plant. Records were taken on a weekly basis and tabulated monthly.
• Fruit quality was recorded weekly measuring fruit size, weight and brix.
• Each vial was numbered 1 through 20.
• the first 10 numbered vials numbered 1 through 10 contained the smoke water added to the water and vials numbered 11 through 20 contained only water.
• Figures 5 and 6 show respectively a fully open untreated rose flower after 14 days and a rose treated with smoke water solution, which has remained tight headed and retained form after twenty one days.
• a golf course green was divided in half. Half the green was treated with a foliar spray application of Nitrosol being the fertilizer ascertained as comprising the fertilizer protocol and the other half of the green was treated with an aqueous foliar spray containing 1ml product smoke water in 1600ml water to constitute at a concentration of 10-7.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
• Fertilizers (AREA)

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Cited By (2)

Citations (2)

• 2013
  • 2013-02-11 WO PCT/ZA2013/000004 patent/WO2013120116A1/fr not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (2)

Non-Patent Citations (4)

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