WO2013111688A1 - 熱膨張性微小球、その製造方法および用途 - Google Patents
熱膨張性微小球、その製造方法および用途 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013111688A1 WO2013111688A1 PCT/JP2013/051021 JP2013051021W WO2013111688A1 WO 2013111688 A1 WO2013111688 A1 WO 2013111688A1 JP 2013051021 W JP2013051021 W JP 2013051021W WO 2013111688 A1 WO2013111688 A1 WO 2013111688A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/16—Making expandable particles
- C08J9/20—Making expandable particles by suspension polymerisation in the presence of the blowing agent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/06—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation
- B01J13/14—Polymerisation; cross-linking
- B01J13/18—In situ polymerisation with all reactants being present in the same phase
- B01J13/185—In situ polymerisation with all reactants being present in the same phase in an organic phase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/20—Aqueous medium with the aid of macromolecular dispersing agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/44—Polymerisation in the presence of compounding ingredients, e.g. plasticisers, dyestuffs, fillers
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/42—Nitriles
- C08F220/44—Acrylonitrile
- C08F220/48—Acrylonitrile with nitrogen-containing monomers
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0066—Use of inorganic compounding ingredients
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/22—After-treatment of expandable particles; Forming foamed products
- C08J9/228—Forming foamed products
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/08—Macromolecular additives
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F218/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid
- C08F218/02—Esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08F218/04—Vinyl esters
- C08F218/08—Vinyl acetate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/52—Amides or imides
- C08F220/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
- C08F220/56—Acrylamide; Methacrylamide
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F222/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
- C08F222/36—Amides or imides
- C08F222/38—Amides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/22—Expandable microspheres, e.g. Expancel®
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2333/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of nitriles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2333/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of nitriles
- C08J2333/20—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylonitrile
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/22—Expanded, porous or hollow particles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thermally expandable microsphere, a manufacturing method thereof and an application.
- the heat-expandable microspheres are composed of a thermoplastic resin as an outer shell (shell) and a foaming agent (core) contained therein as an essential component.
- Such thermally expandable microspheres are produced, for example, by suspension polymerization of a polymerizable component in an aqueous dispersion medium in the presence of a foaming agent using colloidal silicic acid as a dispersion stabilizer (Patent Literature). 1).
- Colloidal silicic acid is indispensable for the production of thermally expandable microspheres because of its excellent dispersion stability.
- the use of colloidal silicic acid often makes it difficult to first drain (filter) the reaction mixture when removing thermally expandable microspheres from the reaction mixture after suspension polymerization.
- colloidal silicic acid remains on the surface of the heat-expandable microsphere and is very difficult to remove completely.
- the residual colloidal silicate may cause a decrease in the adhesion between the resin and the thermally expandable microspheres when the thermally expandable microspheres are blended into a resin or the like and used as a composition.
- an adhesive composition containing hollow particles (plastic microballoon) obtained by heating and expanding thermally expandable microspheres is used.
- this adhesive composition generally suffers from problems such as uneven curing during curing, and the resulting cured product has high hardness and low elongation.
- colloidal silicic acid is used as a dispersion stabilizer, suspension polymerization is often carried out in an acidic aqueous dispersion medium having a pH of 1 to 4.
- the production of thermally expandable microspheres is usually performed using a metal reactor in consideration of the polymerization scale and the like, the use of colloidal silicic acid unavoidably suffers from the problem of corrosion resistance of the reactor.
- Patent Document 3 a production method in which suspension polymerization is performed in an aqueous dispersion medium in a neutral or basic region using magnesium hydroxide or calcium phosphate as a dispersion stabilizer is known.
- Patent Document 3 a production method in which suspension polymerization is performed in an aqueous dispersion medium in a neutral or basic region using magnesium hydroxide or calcium phosphate as a dispersion stabilizer.
- the aqueous dispersion medium does not further contain an auxiliary stabilizer, the dispersion of oil droplets containing a polymerizable component and a foaming agent in the aqueous dispersion medium becomes unstable, and the thermally expandable micro It is difficult to manufacture a sphere with good reproducibility.
- the auxiliary stabilizer is a polyethylene glycol condensation type nonionic emulsifier, the emulsifier has a cloud point, and the reproducibility of the polymerization result is significantly reduced.
- the auxiliary stabilizer is an anionic substance such as an alkali compound of fatty acid, sulfonate, or alkyl sulfate, or a polyanionic substance used in Patent Document 3
- sodium chloride or sodium chloride added to the aqueous dispersion medium is used.
- the dispersion of oil droplets becomes unstable due to the decrease in surface activity due to the binding of magnesium to a metal cation such as magnesium, and the reproducibility of the polymerization results is lowered.
- the heat-expandable microspheres obtained by the production methods described in Patent Documents 2 and 3 have a problem that the encapsulating rate of the foaming agent is low and consequently the heat-expandability is poor.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a thermally expandable microsphere having a high encapsulating rate of a foaming agent and excellent in thermal expandability, a method for producing the thermally expandable microsphere with high reproducibility, and uses of the thermally expandable microsphere. That is.
- the present inventor has conducted various studies. As a result, in view of the method for producing thermally expandable microspheres, for example, a particulate metal compound and an amphoteric surfactant are used in combination. The present inventors have found that the problems can be solved by the thermally expandable microspheres prepared and polymerized and prepared to reach the present invention.
- the heat-expandable microsphere of the present invention is a heat-expandable microsphere composed essentially of an outer shell made of a thermoplastic resin and a foaming agent included therein, and the silicon content is 500 ppm or less, The aluminum content is 350 ppm or less, the total content of silicon and aluminum is 600 ppm or less, and the expansion agent retention rate at the average temperature of the expansion start temperature and maximum expansion temperature of the thermally expandable microspheres is 70% or more. It is.
- the heat-expandable microsphere preferably has a magnesium content of 20000 ppm or less and an ash content of 3.0% by weight or less.
- the method for producing thermally expandable microspheres of the present invention is a method for producing thermally expandable microspheres comprising an outer shell made of a thermoplastic resin and a foaming agent encapsulated in the outer shell. It is a method comprising a step of dispersing a polymerizable component and the foaming agent in a neutral or basic aqueous dispersion medium containing a compound and an amphoteric surfactant and polymerizing the polymerizable component.
- the method for producing thermally expandable microspheres of the present invention further satisfies at least one of the following requirements (A) to (H).
- A) The particulate metal compound is in a colloidal state.
- B) The aqueous dispersion medium has a pH of 7-12.
- the metal in the metal compound is an alkaline earth metal.
- D) The amphoteric surfactant is a betaine amphoteric surfactant.
- the encapsulating rate of the foaming agent is 90% or more.
- the polymerizable component is a nitrile monomer, (meth) acrylate monomer, carboxyl group-containing monomer, styrene monomer, vinyl acetate, acrylamide monomer, maleimide It contains at least one selected from monomers and vinylidene chloride.
- G) It further includes a step of performing a pH lowering treatment on the thermally expandable microspheres obtained in the polymerization step.
- H It further includes a step of washing the thermally expandable microspheres obtained in the polymerization step or the pH lowering treatment with water.
- the hollow particles of the present invention are hollow particles obtained by heating and expanding the thermally expandable microspheres and / or the thermally expandable microspheres obtained by the method for producing the thermally expandable microspheres. It is preferable that the hollow particles further have fine particles attached to the outer surface.
- the composition of the present invention comprises at least one granular material selected from the above-mentioned thermally expandable microspheres, the thermally expandable microspheres obtained by the method for producing the thermally expandable microspheres, and the above hollow particles, and a substrate And ingredients. It is preferable that the composition is an adhesive composition.
- the molded product of the present invention is formed by molding the above composition.
- the thermally expandable microsphere of the present invention has a high encapsulating rate of the foaming agent and is excellent in thermal expandability.
- the heat-expandable microspheres of the present invention can also have an effect of being excellent in material properties when included in the composition.
- thermally expandable microspheres having a high encapsulating rate of a foaming agent and excellent in thermal expandability can be produced with good reproducibility. Since the hollow particles of the present invention can be obtained using the above-described thermally expandable microspheres as a raw material, they are lightweight, and when they are included in a composition or a molded product, the effect of excellent material properties is also obtained.
- the composition of the present invention contains the above heat-expandable microspheres and / or hollow particles, it is lightweight and has excellent material properties. Since the molded product of the present invention is obtained by molding the above composition, it is lightweight and has excellent material properties. Especially when the hollow particles of the present invention are blended as a component of an adhesive composition, the cured adhesive composition has low hardness and high elongation, and is excellent in material properties.
- the production method of the present invention is a method for producing thermally expandable microspheres comprising an outer shell made of a thermoplastic resin and a foaming agent contained therein as essential components.
- This production method comprises a step of dispersing a polymerizable component and the foaming agent in a neutral or basic aqueous dispersion medium containing a particulate metal compound and an amphoteric surfactant and polymerizing the polymerizable component. (Hereinafter referred to as a polymerization step).
- the production method of the present invention is obtained by a step of performing a pH lowering treatment on the thermally expandable microspheres obtained in the polymerization step (hereinafter referred to as a pH lowering treatment step), the polymerization step or the pH lowering treatment. It is preferable to further include a step of washing the thermally expandable microspheres (hereinafter referred to as a water washing step).
- a foaming agent is a substance that is vaporized by heating.
- foaming agents include hydrocarbons having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and their halides; tetraalkylsilanes; compounds that are thermally decomposed by heating to generate a gas, and the like. More than one species may be used in combination.
- hydrocarbon having 1 to 12 carbon atoms examples include propane, cyclopropane, propylene, normal butane, isobutane, cyclobutane, normal pentane, cyclopentane, isopentane, neopentane, normal hexane, isohexane, cyclohexane, heptane, cycloheptane, and octane.
- Hydrocarbons such as isooctane, cyclooctane, 2-methylpentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, petroleum ether and the like. These hydrocarbons may be linear, branched or alicyclic, and are preferably aliphatic.
- the polymerizable component is a component that becomes a thermoplastic resin that forms the outer shell of thermally expandable microspheres by polymerization in the presence of a polymerization initiator.
- the polymerizable component is a component which essentially includes a monomer component and may contain a crosslinking agent.
- the monomer component generally means a component called a (radical) polymerizable monomer having one polymerizable double bond, and is not particularly limited.
- acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, Nitrile monomers such as ⁇ -chloroacrylonitrile, ⁇ -ethoxyacrylonitrile, fumaronitrile; carboxyl group-containing monomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid; vinylidene chloride; vinyl chloride Vinyl halide monomers such as vinyl bromide and vinyl fluoride; vinyl ester monomers such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate and vinyl butyrate; methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n- Butyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, t-butyl (meth) acrylate, Lopyl (meth) acrylate, n-octyl (meth) acrylate, dodecyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (
- styrene monomers such as styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, chlorostyrene
- acrylamide monomers such as acrylamide, substituted acrylamide, methacrylamide, substituted methacrylamide
- N-pheny Maleimide monomers such as lumaleimide, N- (2-chlorophenyl) maleimide, N-cyclohexylmaleimide, N-laurylmaleimide
- the carboxyl group-containing monomer some or all of the carboxyl groups may be neutralized during polymerization.
- (meth) acryl means acryl or methacryl.
- the maleimide monomer is preferably an N-substituted maleimide monomer having a structure having a substituent on a nitrogen atom.
- radical polymerizable monomers constituting the polymerizable component may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the polymerizable components are nitrile monomers, (meth) acrylate monomers, carboxyl group-containing monomers, styrene monomers, vinyl acetate, acrylamide monomers, maleimides. It is preferable to contain at least one selected from a system monomer and vinylidene chloride.
- the polymerizable component contains a nitrile monomer as an essential component, it is preferable because the heat resistance and solvent resistance of the thermoplastic resin constituting the outer shell of the thermally expandable microsphere are improved.
- the nitrile monomer preferably contains acrylonitrile and / or methacrylonitrile because of its high gas barrier property and improved expansion performance.
- the amount thereof is preferably 5 to 90% by weight, more preferably 15 to 80% by weight, particularly preferably 20 to 70% by weight based on the nitrile monomer. %.
- the amount of methacrylonitrile is within this range, the film-forming property is high, the denseness of the outer shell is improved, and as a result, high expandability may be obtained.
- the polymerizable component preferably further contains a vinyl halide monomer and / or a (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer together with the nitrile monomer.
- a halogenated vinyl monomer such as vinylidene chloride
- gas barrier properties are improved.
- the polymerizable component contains a (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer, the expansion behavior can be easily controlled. If the polymerizable component further contains a nitrile monomer and a carboxyl group-containing monomer, the heat resistance and solvent resistance are improved, the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin is increased, and the thermally expandable microspheres are heated to a high temperature. It is preferable because it can be thermally expanded.
- the polymerizable component may further contain a vinyl halide monomer and / or a (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer together with the nitrile monomer and the carboxyl group-containing monomer.
- the polymerizable component when the polymerizable component further contains a maleimide monomer, it is preferable because the heat-expandable microspheres are less colored.
- the monomer component contains a monomer having halogen, oxygen, nitrogen, etc., it is possible to effectively prevent aggregation of thermally expandable microspheres generated during polymerization and generation of scale in the polymerization reactor. it can.
- the polymerizable component may contain a polymerizable monomer (crosslinking agent) having two or more polymerizable double bonds in addition to the monomer component.
- crosslinking agent By polymerizing using a crosslinking agent, a decrease in the retention rate (encapsulation retention rate) of the encapsulated foaming agent after thermal expansion is suppressed, and thermal expansion can be effectively performed.
- the crosslinking agent is not particularly limited.
- aromatic divinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene; allyl methacrylate, triacryl formal, triallyl isocyanate, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, Ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,9-nonanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,10-decanediol di (meth) acrylate, PEG # 200 di (meth) ) Acrylate, PEG # 400 di (meth) acrylate, PEG # 600 di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, glycerin dimethacrylate, dimethylol-tricyclodecane diacrylate, pentae Suritorutori (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra acrylate, and dipentaery
- the amount of the crosslinking agent is not particularly limited, but considering the degree of crosslinking, the retention rate of the foaming agent encapsulated in the outer shell, heat resistance and thermal expansion, the amount of the crosslinking agent is the monomer component.
- the amount is preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 1 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight.
- the polymerizable component is preferably polymerized in the presence of a polymerization initiator.
- the polymerization initiator is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include peroxides such as peroxydicarbonate, peroxyester, and diacyl peroxide; azo compounds and the like. These polymerization initiators may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the polymerization initiator is preferably an oil-soluble polymerization initiator that is soluble in the radical polymerizable monomer.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.3 to 8 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.6 to 7 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the monomer component.
- the aqueous dispersion medium is a medium mainly composed of water such as ion-exchanged water, distilled water or tap water in which an oily mixture such as a polymerizable component and a foaming agent is dispersed.
- the aqueous dispersion medium may further contain a hydrophilic or organic solvent such as alcohol.
- the amount of the aqueous dispersion medium used is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use 100 to 1000 parts by weight of the aqueous dispersion medium with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable component.
- the aqueous dispersion medium contains a fine metal compound as a dispersion stabilizer.
- One or more metal compounds may be used in combination.
- the metal compound is a metal compound composed of a metal salt or hydroxide, and is dispersed in an aqueous dispersion medium during the polymerization process. Further, the metal compound is insoluble in water or hardly soluble in water.
- water-insoluble or hardly water-soluble means a state where only less than 1 g (preferably 0.8 g or less, more preferably 0.5 g or less) is dissolved in 100 g of water at 25 ° C.
- the metal in the metal compound examples include alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium; alkaline earth metals such as beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium (group 2 metal of the periodic table) Transition metals such as titanium, vanadium, manganese, iron, nickel, copper, zirconium and yttrium; periodic table group 12 metals such as zinc and cadmium; periodic table group 13 metals such as aluminum, gallium and thallium; tin, lead, etc. A periodic table 14 group metal etc. are mentioned.
- alkaline earth metals transition metals, periodic table group 12 metals, and the like are preferable, and alkaline earth metals are more preferable.
- Metal salts include chloride salts, bromide salts, iodide salts and other halide salts, sulfates, sulfites, nitrates, nitrites, carbonates, bicarbonates, pyrophosphates, phosphates, A phosphate etc. are mentioned.
- the metal compound may be a salt or hydroxide of various metals exemplified above.
- the metal compound is a salt or hydroxide of an alkaline earth metal such as magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, the polymerizable component and foam in the aqueous dispersion medium
- an alkaline earth metal such as magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, the polymerizable component and foam in the aqueous dispersion medium
- the blending amount of the fine metal compound blended in the aqueous dispersion medium is appropriately determined depending on the target particle diameter of the thermally expandable microsphere, and is not particularly limited.
- the compounding amount of the fine metal compound is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight, and particularly preferably 2 to 9 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable component.
- the thermally expandable microspheres may not be produced stably.
- the compounding amount of the fine metal compound exceeds 20 parts by weight, the residual amount of the metal compound on the surface of the resulting thermally expandable microspheres increases, and it becomes difficult to completely remove the metal compound. Sometimes.
- the fine metal compound When the fine metal compound is in a colloidal state (that is, the fine metal compound is a particle constituting the colloid and dispersed in the medium constituting the colloid (in this case, water)), the aqueous dispersion This is preferable because the dispersion stabilizing effect on oil droplets composed of a polymerizable component and a foaming agent in the medium is high.
- a water-soluble metal salt is dissolved in an acidic or neutral aqueous medium mainly containing water, and then water is added.
- a basic substance such as sodium oxide or potassium hydroxide
- the water-soluble metal salt is usually composed of a metal cation component and an anion component.
- the metal cation component include alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium; alkaline earth metals such as beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and radium (group 2 metals of the periodic table) Transition metals such as titanium, vanadium, manganese, iron, nickel, copper, zirconium and yttrium; periodic table group 12 metals such as zinc and cadmium; periodic table group 13 metals such as aluminum, gallium and thallium; tin, lead, etc. Examples thereof include metal cations such as Group 14 metals of the periodic table.
- anion component examples include halide ions (Cl ⁇ , Br ⁇ , I ⁇ and the like), sulfate ions (SO 4 2 ⁇ ) and the like.
- water-soluble metal salts include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, iron (II) chloride, iron (III) chloride, zinc chloride, aluminum chloride, lead chloride, nickel chloride, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate (II), manganese sulfate, nickel sulfate (II) and the like may be mentioned, and one or more may be used in combination.
- the water-soluble metal salt is magnesium chloride or calcium chloride because a high dispersion stabilizing effect can be imparted to oil droplets composed of a polymerizable component and a foaming agent in an aqueous dispersion medium.
- the aqueous dispersion medium further contains an amphoteric surfactant as an auxiliary stabilizer.
- the amphoteric surfactant is used as an auxiliary stabilizer for the fine metal compound used as a dispersion stabilizer and may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a combination of a finely divided metal compound as a dispersion stabilizer and an amphoteric surfactant as an auxiliary stabilizer makes it possible to increase the encapsulating rate of the foaming agent and to improve the thermal expansibility. Inflatable microspheres can be produced with good reproducibility.
- amphoteric surfactant is a surfactant that exhibits the properties of an anionic surfactant in the basic region and the properties of a cationic surfactant in the acidic region in an aqueous solution.
- Amphoteric surfactants are generally classified into betaine type amphoteric surfactants and amino acid type amphoteric surfactants.
- a betaine-type amphoteric surfactant is a compound having a cation and an anion in one molecule, and is represented by, for example, the following general formula (1).
- X + is a cation; A is a divalent organic group; Y ⁇ is an anion.
- X + is not particularly limited as long as it is a cation, and examples thereof include a quaternary ammonium salt cation.
- examples of the quaternary ammonium salt cation include a cation represented by the following general formula (2).
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each represented by an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, an alkylphenyl group, an imidazoline group, an alkyl ketone group, an alkylamine group, an alkylamide group or the following general formula (3). It is an organic group, and each may be the same or different.
- -(QO) n -T (3) wherein Q is an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 3 alkylene groups; T is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; and n is an oxyalkylene group of QO. (Repeat number (number of added oxyalkylene moles), usually 1 to 30, preferably 1 to 20.)
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each preferably have 1 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- A is not particularly limited as long as A is a divalent organic group, and examples thereof include an alkylene group, an alkylenephenyl group, a polyalkylene oxide group, and a polyalkylene polyamine group.
- the number of carbon atoms of A is preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 8, respectively.
- examples of Y ⁇ include a carboxylic acid type anion (—COO ⁇ ), a sulfate ester type anion (—OSO 3 ⁇ ), a sulfonic acid type anion (—SO 3 ⁇ ), and the like.
- Specific examples of the betaine amphoteric surfactant include an amphoteric surfactant represented by the following general formula (4).
- R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkylphenyl group, or an organic group represented by the above general formula (3), and each may be the same or different.
- R 7 is an alkylene group or an alkylenephenyl group, and the carbon number thereof is 1 to 10;
- Y 2 ⁇ is a carboxylic acid type anion (—COO ⁇ ), sulfate ester Type anion (—OSO 3 ⁇ ) or sulfonic acid type anion (—SO 3 ⁇ ).
- Examples of the betaine-type amphoteric surfactant represented by the general formula (4) include octyldimethylaminoacetic acid betaine, lauryldimethylaminoacetic acid betaine, stearyldimethylaminoacetic acid betaine, octyldiethylaminoacetic acid betaine, lauryldieth
- Alkylaminoacetic acid betaine amphoteric surfactants such as betaine acetate, coconut oil alkyldimethylaminoacetic acid betaine, lauryldihydroxyethylaminoacetic acid betaine; N-octyl-N, N-bis (POE (m)) aminoacetic acid betaine, N-lauryl -N, N-bis (POE (m)) aminoacetic acid betaine, N-myristyl-N, N-bis (POE (m)) aminoacetic acid betaine, N-stearyl-N, N-bis (POE (m)) Aminoacetate Alkylene oxide adduct betaine amphoteric surfactants such as In (where POE represented by POE (m) represents a polyoxyethylene group, m represents the number of moles added, and the number of moles m added is 1-30.
- POE represented by POE (m) represents a polyoxyethylene group
- m represents the number of moles added
- Octyldimethylsulfobetaine lauryldimethylsulfobetaine, stearyldimethylsulfobetaine, octyldiethylsulfobetaine, lauryldiethylsulfobetaine, stearyldiethylsulfobetaine, coconut oil alkyldimethylsulfobetaine, lauryldihydroxyethylsulfobetaine Sulfobetaine amphoteric surfactants such as: octylhydroxydimethylsulfobetaine, octylhydroxydiethylsulfobetaine, laurylhydroxydimethylsulfobetaine, laurylhydroxydiethylsulfobetaine Alkylhydroxysulfobetaine amphoteric surfactants such as stearylhydroxydimethylsulfobetaine and stearylhydroxydiethylsulfobetaine; octyldimethyl
- R 8 , R 9 and R 10 are an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an alkylphenyl group, each of which may be the same or different and is an organic group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms.
- R 11 represents an alkylene group or an alkylenephenyl group, and the carbon number thereof is 1 to 10;
- Y ⁇ represents a carboxylic acid type anion (—COO ⁇ ), a sulfate ester type anion (—OSO 3 ⁇ ) or a sulfonic acid type;
- a represents a positive number of 1 to 10
- Examples of the betaine-type amphoteric surfactant represented by the general formula (5) include alkylamide betaine amphoteric surfactants such as higher fatty acid amidopropyldimethylaminoacetic acid betaine; dodecylaminomethyldimethylsulfopropylbetaine, octadec
- R 12 and R 13 are an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an alkylphenyl group, each of which may be the same or different and is an organic group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms;
- R 14 Is an alkylene group or an alkylenephenyl group and has 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
- Y 2 ⁇ is a carboxylic acid type anion (—COO ⁇ ), a sulfate ester type anion (—OSO 3 ⁇ ) or a sulfonic acid type anion (— SO 3 ⁇ ).
- betaine amphoteric surfactant represented by the general formula (6) include imidazolinium betaine amphoteric surfactants such as 2-alkyl-N-carboxymethyl-N-hydroxyethylimidazolinium betaine. It is done.
- amphoteric surfactant which is an amino acid type amphoteric surfactant
- the amino acid type amphoteric surfactant is a compound that can have a cation or an anion in a molecule under a specific pH, and is represented by, for example, the following general formula (7).
- (ZA-COO) r r- M r + (7) (However, A is a divalent organic group; M r + is a metal cation having a valence r; Z is a (substituted) amino group.)
- a in the general formula (7) is a divalent organic group and is the same as A in the general formula (1).
- M r + is not particularly limited as long as it is a metal cation, but the valence r is preferably 1 or 2, for example, alkali metal cations such as sodium ion and potassium ion; magnesium ion and calcium ion And alkaline earth metal cations.
- Z is not particularly limited as long as Z is an amino group or a substituted amino group, and examples thereof include a (substituted) amino group represented by the following general formula (8).
- R 15 and R 16 are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, an alkylphenyl group, an imidazoline group, an alkyl ketone group, an alkylamine group, an alkylamide group, or an alkylcarboxyl group, (It is an organic group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms which may be the same or different.)
- Specific examples of the amino acid type amphoteric surfactant include an aliphatic amino acid type amphoteric surfactant represented by the following general formula (9).
- R 17 is an alkyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms
- R 18 is an alkylene group or an alkylenephenyl group and has 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- Ma is an alkali metal.
- Ma is not particularly limited as long as it is an alkali metal, but sodium and potassium are preferable from the viewpoint of availability.
- the amino acid type amphoteric surfactant represented by the general formula (9) include alkylamino monopropions such as sodium octylaminopropionate, sodium laurylaminopropionate, sodium stearylaminopropionate, sodium alkylaminodipropionate, and the like.
- acid sodium salt amphoteric surfactants include an aliphatic amino acid type amphoteric surfactant represented by the following general formula (10).
- R 19 is an alkyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms
- R 20 and R 21 are an alkylene group or an alkylenephenyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and each may be the same or different.
- Ma is an alkali metal.
- Ma is not particularly limited as long as it is an alkali metal, but sodium and potassium are preferable because they are easily available.
- Examples of the amino acid-type amphoteric surfactant represented by the general formula (10) include alkylaminodipropionic acid sodium salt amphoteric surfactants such as sodium ⁇ -laurylaminodipropionate.
- amphoteric surfactant a betaine-type amphoteric surfactant is preferable because it has a high surface activity under any of acidic, neutral and basic conditions. Further, it is more preferable that the fine metal compound is a metal metal compound such as calcium or magnesium.
- betaine type amphoteric surfactants it is possible to design hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity relatively easily, and as a result, oil droplets comprising a polymerizable component and a foaming agent in an aqueous dispersion medium.
- the alkylene oxide adduct betaine amphoteric surfactant is preferred because the amphoteric surfactant can be adsorbed to the oil droplets and gas escape from the outer shell of the foaming agent can be suppressed.
- the compounding amount of the amphoteric surfactant is appropriately determined depending on the target particle size of the thermally expandable microsphere, and is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.0001 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable component. More preferably, it is 0.0003 to 2 parts by weight. If the amphoteric surfactant is less than 0.0001 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable component, oil droplets composed of the polymerizable component and the foaming agent are not stably present in the aqueous dispersion medium, and the thermal expansion is stably performed. Sex microspheres may not be prepared.
- the amphoteric surfactant is more than 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable component, it is economically disadvantageous.
- the compounding amount of the amphoteric surfactant is preferably 0.001 to 40 parts by weight, more preferably 0.005 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the fine metal compound.
- oil droplets composed of a polymerizable component and a foaming agent are not stably present in the aqueous dispersion medium, and are stably thermally expandable. Microspheres may not be prepared.
- the amphoteric surfactant is more than 40 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the metal compound, it is economically disadvantageous.
- auxiliary stabilizers other than an amphoteric surfactant.
- auxiliary stabilizers include, for example, condensation products of diethanolamine and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, condensation products of urea and formaldehyde, polyethylene oxide, methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sorbitan esters, sodium lauryl sulfate, dodecyl. Examples include various emulsifiers such as sodium benzenesulfonate.
- the weight ratio of the amphoteric surfactant to the auxiliary stabilizer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 40 to 100% by weight, more preferably 50 to 100% by weight, based on the whole auxiliary stabilizer. When the weight ratio of the amphoteric surfactant is less than 40% by weight, the heat-expandable microspheres obtained have a low foam expansion agent encapsulation rate and may have poor thermal expandability.
- the aqueous dispersion medium contains a particulate metal compound and an amphoteric surfactant, the encapsulating rate of the foaming agent is large. That is, the fine metal compound and the amphoteric surfactant provide an effect that the foaming agent charged at the time of production is less lost and is effectively encapsulated in the thermally expandable microspheres.
- the aqueous dispersion medium may further contain an electrolyte. Although there is no limitation in particular as electrolyte, For example, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, sodium carbonate etc. can be mentioned. These electrolytes may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the electrolyte is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of water in the aqueous dispersion medium.
- the aqueous dispersion medium may further contain a water-soluble compound as a polymerization aid.
- a water-soluble compound examples include water-soluble 1, 1 having a structure in which a hydrophilic functional group selected from a hydroxyl group, a carboxylic acid (salt) group, and a phosphonic acid (salt) group and a hetero atom are bonded to the same carbon atom.
- the aqueous dispersion medium containing the particulate metal compound and the amphoteric surfactant may be prepared by, for example, blending the amphoteric surfactant when preparing the colloidal particulate metal compound described above.
- an aqueous dispersion medium containing a finely divided metal compound prepared in advance and an amphoteric surfactant may be mixed.
- the aqueous dispersion medium is neutral or basic.
- the pH of the aqueous dispersion medium may vary depending on the type of the particulate metal compound used, but may be a pH at which the particulate metal compound can be dispersed in the aqueous dispersion medium and maintained insoluble or hardly soluble. That's fine.
- the pH of the aqueous dispersion medium is generally preferably 7 to 12, more preferably 8 to 11.8, particularly preferably 9 to 11.5, and most preferably 9.5 to 11.
- the pH of the aqueous dispersion medium is less than 7, the fine metal compound is dissolved in the aqueous dispersion medium, and the effect as a dispersion stabilizer is not given, and oil droplets composed of a polymerizable component and a foaming agent are dispersed in the aqueous dispersion. In some cases, it cannot be stably dispersed in the medium, and the thermally expandable microspheres cannot be produced.
- the pH of the aqueous dispersion medium is more than 12, the outer shell of the thermally expandable microspheres may be hydrolyzed, causing outgassing, reducing the encapsulation rate, and reducing the expansion ratio.
- these physical property degradations may be remarkably large when using a nitrile monomer which is a polymerizable component that imparts high heat resistance and solvent resistance to the thermally expandable microspheres.
- the preferred pH of the aqueous dispersion medium may depend on the type of metal compound.
- the metal compound is magnesium hydroxide
- the particulate magnesium hydroxide is larger than about pH 9.0 to 9.5, it becomes insoluble in the aqueous dispersion medium and starts to disperse.
- it is 9 to 12, more preferably 9.5 to 11.5, particularly preferably 10 to 11, and most preferably 10.2 to 10.5.
- the metal compound is calcium phosphate
- the pH of the aqueous dispersion medium is Preferably, it is 7 to 12, more preferably 8 to 11, and particularly preferably 9 to 10.5.
- a polymerizable component that includes a monomer component and may contain a crosslinking agent; a foaming agent; water, a fine metal compound as a dispersion stabilizer, and an amphoteric interface as an auxiliary stabilizer It is carried out by mixing each component such as an aqueous dispersion medium, a polymerization initiator and the like, which requires an activator and may contain other auxiliary stabilizers, water-soluble compounds, electrolytes and the like, and polymerizes the polymerizable components.
- the order of blending these components is not particularly limited, and components that can be dissolved or dispersed in the aqueous dispersion medium may be blended in advance and blended with other components.
- oil droplets composed of an oily mixture such as a polymerizable component and a foaming agent are emulsified and dispersed in an aqueous dispersion medium so that spherical oil droplets having a predetermined particle diameter are prepared.
- Examples of the method for emulsifying and dispersing the oily mixture include, for example, a method of stirring with a homomixer (for example, manufactured by Special Machine Engineering Co., Ltd.), a homodisper (for example, manufactured by Special Machine Engineering Co., Ltd.), and the like, And general dispersion methods such as a method using a static dispersion device such as Noritake Engineering Co., Ltd., a membrane emulsification method, an ultrasonic dispersion method, a microchannel method, and the like.
- suspension polymerization is started by heating the dispersion in which the oily mixture is dispersed in the aqueous dispersion medium as spherical oil droplets.
- the stirring may be performed so gently as to prevent, for example, floating of the monomer and sedimentation of the thermally expandable microspheres after polymerization.
- the polymerization temperature is freely set depending on the kind of the polymerization initiator, but is preferably controlled in the range of 30 to 100 ° C, more preferably 40 to 90 ° C, and particularly preferably 50 to 85 ° C.
- the time for maintaining the reaction temperature is preferably about 0.1 to 20 hours.
- the initial polymerization pressure is not particularly limited, but the gauge pressure is in the range of 0 to 5.0 MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 3.0 MPa, and particularly preferably 0.2 to 2.0 MPa.
- aqueous dispersion medium containing the heat-expandable microspheres obtained after the polymerization step (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a polymerization solution)
- By-products such as polymerization residue may be generated. Since the size of such a by-product is generally larger than the particle size of the thermally expandable microsphere, the by-product does not pass through a certain sieve. Utilizing this point, the production stability of the thermally expandable microsphere can be evaluated as an index indicating whether or not the thermally expandable microsphere has been stably manufactured.
- the production stability of the heat-expandable microspheres is preferably 50% by weight or more, more preferably 70% by weight or more, particularly preferably 80% by weight or more, and most preferably 90% by weight or more. If the production stability of the heat-expandable microsphere is less than 50% by weight, a problem occurs in the production process, and the heat-expandable microsphere may not be obtained with good productivity.
- the definition of the production stability of thermally expandable microspheres is explained in detail in the examples. Examples of the method for isolating the thermally expandable microspheres from the polymerization liquid include isolation methods such as suction filtration, pressure filtration, and centrifugal separation. As a result, the liquid-containing cake of thermally expandable microspheres can be exemplified. Is obtained. Subsequent to the polymerization step, the following pH reduction treatment step and water washing step may be performed.
- the pH reduction treatment step is a step of performing a pH reduction treatment on the thermally expandable microspheres obtained in the polymerization step described above.
- the pH reduction treatment step is not particularly limited as long as the pH reduction treatment step is a step in which an acidic substance is brought into contact with the thermally expandable microspheres obtained after the polymerization step.
- the acidic substance is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid (hydrogen chloride), sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and perchloric acid; organic acids such as carboxylic acids such as acetic acid and butyric acid.
- inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid (hydrogen chloride), sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and perchloric acid
- organic acids such as carboxylic acids such as acetic acid and butyric acid.
- Examples of the pH lowering process include 1) a process performed by mixing a polymerization solution and an acidic substance, and 2) a process performed by mixing a thermally expandable microsphere isolated from the polymerization solution and an acidic substance. Can be mentioned.
- the thermally expandable microspheres and the acidic substance may be blended in the presence of another prepared water.
- the pH of the liquid containing the heat-expandable microspheres after blending the acidic substance is preferably 8 or less, more preferably 6 or less. When the pH exceeds 8, it may be difficult to completely remove the fine metal compound from the surface of the thermally expandable microsphere. Isolation of the heat-expandable microspheres after the pH reduction treatment step is performed, for example, in the same manner as the isolation method described above, and as a result, a liquid-containing cake of heat-expandable microspheres is obtained.
- Step A in which the liquid-containing cake of thermally expandable microspheres is washed with water in the case of an isolation method such as suction filtration, pressure filtration, and centrifugal separation, and 2) heat.
- Examples thereof include a step B in which a liquid-containing cake of expandable microspheres or a thermally expandable microsphere is redispersed in separately prepared water and washed.
- Step A is performed, for example, by showering water on a liquid-containing cake of thermally expandable microspheres.
- Step B an effect can be obtained by performing washing once by redispersion, but a higher water washing effect can be obtained by repeating the washing several times.
- the amount of water used in the water washing step is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 100 parts by weight or more, more preferably 200 parts by weight or more with respect to 100 parts by weight of the thermally expandable microspheres. It can be carried out. If the amount of water is less than 100 parts by weight, the washing effect may not be obtained.
- the temperature of the water used in the water washing step is not particularly limited, but preferably 2 to 80 ° C., more preferably 20 to 70 ° C., and particularly preferably 30 to 60 ° C. can be effectively washed. . If the temperature of the water is less than 2 ° C, the cleaning effect may be reduced.
- the thermally expandable microspheres may be slightly foamed. Isolation of the heat-expandable microspheres after the water washing step is performed, for example, in the same manner as the isolation method described above, and as a result, a liquid-containing cake of heat-expandable microspheres is obtained.
- the obtained heat-expandable microspheres (usually a liquid-containing cake of heat-expandable microspheres) are further subjected to drying operations such as shelf drying, reduced-pressure drying, airflow drying, and nauter drying, thereby drying the dried heat. Inflatable microspheres can be obtained.
- the thermally expandable microsphere of the present invention is composed of an outer shell (shell) 11 made of a thermoplastic resin and a foaming agent (core) 12 encapsulated therein and vaporized below the softening point of the thermoplastic resin.
- the thermally expandable microspheres exhibit thermal expandability (property that the entire microspheres expand by heating) as a whole microsphere.
- the thermoplastic resin, the polymerizable component that is polymerized to become a thermoplastic resin, the foaming agent, and the like are as described above.
- the average particle diameter of the heat-expandable microspheres is not particularly limited because it can be designed freely according to the application, but is preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 3 to 60 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m. is there.
- the coefficient of variation CV of the particle size distribution of the heat-expandable microspheres is not particularly limited, but is preferably 35% or less, more preferably 30% or less, and particularly preferably 25% or less.
- the variation coefficient CV is calculated by the following calculation formulas (1) and (2).
- the encapsulating rate of the foaming agent is defined as the percentage of the weight of the foaming agent encapsulated in the thermally expandable microspheres relative to the weight of the thermally expandable microspheres.
- the encapsulating rate of the foaming agent is not particularly limited, and the encapsulating rate is appropriately determined depending on the intended use, but is preferably 5 to 35%, more preferably 10 to 30%, and particularly preferably 15 to 25%. . If the encapsulation rate is less than 5%, the effect of the foaming agent may not be obtained. On the other hand, if the encapsulation rate exceeds 35%, the thickness of the outer shell of the thermally expandable microspheres becomes thin, which may cause gas loss, resulting in a decrease in heat resistance and high expansion performance.
- the encapsulating rate of the thermally expandable microspheres means the weight ratio of the foaming agent encapsulated in the thermally expandable microspheres obtained by polymerization among the foaming agents charged in the polymerization step of the production method of the present invention. This is an index for evaluating the efficiency of effective use of the foaming agent in the production method of the present invention.
- the encapsulation rate of the heat-expandable microspheres is not particularly limited, but is preferably 90 to 100%, more preferably 95 to 100%, and particularly preferably 97 to 100%. If the encapsulation rate of the thermally expandable microspheres is less than 90%, the foaming performance may be lowered.
- the expansion start temperature (T s ) of the thermally expandable microsphere is not particularly limited, but is preferably 60 to 250 ° C., more preferably 70 to 230 ° C., further preferably 80 to 200 ° C., and particularly preferably 90 to 180 ° C., most preferably 100 to 160 ° C.
- T s The expansion start temperature
- the expansion start temperature is less than 60 ° C., there is a problem of the temporal stability of the heat-expandable microspheres, and it may be difficult to use the composition for compositions such as paints and resins.
- the maximum expansion temperature (T max ) of the thermally expandable microsphere is not particularly limited, but is preferably 80 to 300 ° C, more preferably 90 to 280 ° C, still more preferably 100 to 250 ° C, and particularly preferably 110 to 250 ° C. 230 ° C., most preferably 120 to 210 ° C.
- T max The maximum expansion temperature of the thermally expandable microsphere is not particularly limited, but is preferably 80 to 300 ° C, more preferably 90 to 280 ° C, still more preferably 100 to 250 ° C, and particularly preferably 110 to 250 ° C. 230 ° C., most preferably 120 to 210 ° C.
- the maximum expansion temperature is less than 80 ° C., it may be difficult to use the composition in compositions such as paints and resins.
- the percentage of the encapsulating rate of the foaming agent at the temperature (T) at the time of heating expansion with respect to the encapsulating rate of the foaming agent encapsulated in the thermally expandable microspheres before heating expansion is expressed as the foaming agent retention rate at the temperature T. Define.
- the average temperature (T av ) of the expansion start temperature (T s ) and the maximum expansion temperature (T max ) is set as the temperature T so that the foaming agent does not leak outside from the thermally expandable microspheres. It is an index for evaluating expansion performance such as the degree of retention, heat resistance and expandability.
- the foaming agent retention at the average temperature (T av ) is usually 70% or more, preferably 73% or more, more preferably 75% or more, particularly preferably 80% or more, and most preferably 85% or more.
- the content of silicon contained in the heat-expandable microspheres is usually 500 ppm or less, preferably 400 ppm or less, more preferably 300 ppm or less, particularly preferably 150 ppm or less, and most preferably 100 ppm or less.
- the silicon content exceeds 500 ppm, the weight reduction and material properties are adversely affected in compositions and molded products containing thermally expandable microspheres and hollow particles described below.
- the content of aluminum contained in the heat-expandable microspheres is usually 350 ppm or less, preferably 300 ppm or less, more preferably 250 ppm or less, particularly preferably 200 ppm or less, and most preferably 100 ppm or less.
- the total content of silicon and aluminum contained in the thermally expandable microspheres is usually 600 ppm or less, preferably 500 ppm or less, more preferably 400 ppm or less, particularly preferably 300 ppm or less, and most preferably 200 ppm or less.
- the total content of silicon and aluminum exceeds 600 ppm the weight reduction and material properties are adversely affected in compositions and molded products containing thermally expandable microspheres and hollow particles described below.
- the content of magnesium contained in the heat-expandable microspheres is more preferably in this order in the following ranges 1) to 7) (the range described later is more preferable than the range described previously). 1) 20000 ppm or less, 2) 10,000 ppm or less, 3) 3000 ppm or less, 4) 1000 ppm or less, 5) 300 ppm or less, 6) 100 ppm or less, 7) 50 ppm or less When the magnesium content exceeds 20000 ppm, In the composition and molded product in which the hollow particles described below are blended, the weight reduction and material properties may be adversely affected.
- the total content of silicon and magnesium contained in the heat-expandable microspheres is more preferably in this order when it is in the range of 1) to 7) shown below (the range described later is more preferable than the range described previously) ).
- the weight reduction and material physical properties may be adversely affected.
- the ash content of the thermally expandable microsphere is preferably 3% by weight or less, more preferably 2% by weight or less, particularly preferably 1% by weight or less, and most preferably 0.5% by weight or less. If the ash content exceeds 3% by weight, the weight reduction and material properties may be adversely affected in compositions and molded products containing thermally expandable microspheres and hollow particles described below. It is considered that the ash content of the thermally expandable microsphere is derived from colloidal silicic acid or a metal compound.
- the method for producing the heat-expandable microspheres of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- colloidal silicate as a dispersion stabilizer under acidic conditions.
- a method of removing silicon contained in the thermally expandable microspheres under alkaline conditions after performing the polymerization step using
- the hollow particles of the present invention are particles obtained by heating and expanding the heat-expandable microspheres described above and / or the heat-expandable microspheres obtained by the method of manufacturing the heat-expandable microspheres described above.
- the hollow particles of the present invention are lightweight and have excellent material properties when included in a composition or a molded product.
- the cured adhesive composition when blended as a component of the adhesive composition, the cured adhesive composition has low hardness and high elongation, and is excellent in material properties.
- Examples of the production method for obtaining the hollow particles include a dry heat expansion method and a wet heat expansion method.
- the temperature for heat expansion is preferably 80 to 350 ° C.
- the average particle size of the hollow particles is not particularly limited because it can be designed freely according to the application, but is preferably 0.1 to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.8 to 200 ⁇ m. Further, the coefficient of variation CV of the particle size distribution of the hollow particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30% or less, and more preferably 25% or less.
- the true specific gravity of the hollow particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.010 to 0.5, more preferably 0.015 to 0.3, and particularly preferably 0.020 to 0.2.
- the hollow particles (1) may be composed of fine particles (4 and 5) attached to the outer surface of the outer shell (2). There is.
- the term “adhesion” used herein may simply be the state (4) in which the fine particle fillers (4 and 5) are adsorbed on the outer surface of the outer shell (2) of the fine particle-adhered hollow particles (1).
- the particle shape of the fine particle filler may be indefinite or spherical. In the fine particle-attached hollow particles, workability (handling) during use is improved.
- the average particle size of the fine particles is appropriately selected depending on the hollow body used, and is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.001 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.005 to 25 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 0.01 to 20 ⁇ m. .
- Various fine particles can be used as the fine particles, and any of inorganic materials and organic materials may be used. Examples of the shape of the fine particles include a spherical shape, a needle shape, and a plate shape.
- the fine particle-adhered hollow particles as a hollow particle are useful as an adhesive composition when blended with the composition described below.
- the fine particle-attached hollow particles can be obtained, for example, by heating and expanding fine particle-attached thermally expandable microspheres.
- a step of mixing thermally expandable microspheres and fine particles (mixing step), and heating the mixture obtained in the mixing step to a temperature above the softening point the heat A production method including a step (attachment step) of inflating the expandable microspheres and attaching fine particles to the outer surface of the resulting hollow particles is preferable.
- the true specific gravity of the fine particle-attached hollow particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 0.5, more preferably 0.03 to 0.4, and particularly preferably 0.05 to 0.35. Most preferably, it is 0.07 to 0.30. When the true specific gravity of the fine particle-adhered hollow particles is less than 0.01, the durability may be insufficient. On the other hand, when the true specific gravity of the fine particle-attached hollow particles is larger than 0.5, the effect of reducing the specific gravity is reduced. Sometimes.
- the water content of the hollow particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5% by weight or less, more preferably 0.4% by weight or less, particularly preferably 0.35% by weight or less, and most preferably 0.3% by weight or less. It is.
- the lower limit of the moisture content of the hollow particles is 0% by weight.
- the moisture of the hollow particles exists like so-called crystal water. And when this water mix
- the water content of the hollow particles is considered to be derived from the dispersion stabilizer used in the production of the heat-expandable microspheres.
- the dispersion stabilizer is generally an hygroscopic inorganic compound, and when it remains on the outer surface of the thermally expandable microspheres, the water content of the hollow particles increases.
- the adhesive composition containing hollow particles there is generally a problem that curing is locally promoted when moisture is high.
- the hollow particles of the present invention are obtained from the thermally expandable microspheres of the present invention.
- This thermally expandable microsphere has a low content of silicon, a content of aluminum, a total content of silicon and aluminum, and a small amount of hygroscopic inorganic compound. For this reason, the water
- composition and molded product The composition of the present invention comprises at least one kind selected from the thermally expandable microspheres of the present invention, the thermally expandable microspheres obtained by the method for producing the thermally expandable microspheres of the present invention, and the hollow particles of the present invention.
- a granular material and a base material component are included.
- the base material component is not particularly limited.
- composition of the present invention can be prepared by mixing these base components with thermally expandable microspheres and / or hollow fine particles.
- examples of the use of the composition of the present invention include a molding composition, a coating composition, a clay composition, a fiber composition, an adhesive composition, and a powder composition.
- the base material component is a component capable of adhering between objects (hereinafter referred to as an adhesive component).
- the adhesive component include one-component type polyurethane adhesive component, two-component type polyurethane adhesive component, one-component type modified silicone adhesive component, two-component type modified silicone adhesive component, one-component type polysulfide adhesive component, 2 Examples thereof include a liquid type polysulfide adhesive component and an acrylic adhesive component.
- the adhesive component is preferably at least one selected from a one-component polyurethane adhesive component, a two-component polyurethane adhesive component, a one-component modified silicone adhesive component, and a two-component modified silicone adhesive component, More preferably, it is at least one selected from a two-component polyurethane adhesive component and a two-component modified silicone adhesive component.
- the weight ratio (adhesive component / hollow particles) between the adhesive component and the hollow particles blended in the adhesive composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 99.995 / 0.005-70 / 30, more preferably 99.95 / 0.05 to 90/10. If the adhesive component / hollow particles are large, the amount of hollow particles added is small and the effect of weight reduction may be diminished. On the other hand, when the adhesive component / hollow particles are small, the amount of the adhesive component is small, and the function as an adhesive composition may be significantly reduced.
- the molded product of the present invention can be obtained by molding this composition.
- the molded product of the present invention include a molded product, a coating film, and a cured product of the adhesive composition.
- various physical properties such as lightness, porosity, sound absorption, heat insulation, low thermal conductivity, low dielectric constant, design, and shock absorption are improved.
- the molded product of the present invention is a cured product of the adhesive composition, it is preferable that the hardness is low and the elongation is high.
- the pH is measured using a pH meter (product number HM-12P) manufactured by Toa DKK Corporation.
- the measuring apparatus using a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring apparatus (SYMPATEC Co. HEROS & RODOS), the measured heat-expandable microspheres volume mean diameter D 50 value as the average particle size by a wet measuring method.
- SYMPATEC Co. HEROS & RODOS laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring apparatus
- the oily mixture is a mixture containing a polymerizable component and a foaming agent, which contain a monomer component as an essential component and may contain a crosslinking agent.
- CR 1 (W 1 / W 2 ) ⁇ 100
- C Encapsulated ratio C e of heat-expandable microspheres, and a pass ( ⁇ ) over 90 wt%, and rejected less than 90 wt% ( ⁇ ).
- the ash content of thermally expandable microspheres The dried thermally expandable microspheres W p (g) are put in a crucible, heated with an electric heater, ignited by igniting at 700 ° C. for 30 minutes, and the obtained ash product W q (g) is weighed. To do.
- the ash C A (% by weight) of the thermally expandable microspheres is calculated from W p (g) and W q (g) by the following calculation formula (F).
- C A (% by weight) (W q / W p ) ⁇ 100 (F)
- the displacement start temperature in the positive direction is defined as the expansion start temperature (T s ), and the temperature when the maximum displacement is indicated is defined as the maximum expansion temperature (T max ).
- T s expansion start temperature
- T max maximum expansion temperature
- the average of T s and T max is calculated and defined as T av .
- TG-DTA manufactured by Rigaku Corporation, differential type differential thermobalance TG8120
- the heat-expandable microspheres W r (g) are put in an aluminum pan having an outer diameter of 5.2 mm and heated from 20 ° C. to 80 ° C. at a temperature increase rate of 10 ° C./min. In order to remove moisture, hold at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes to confirm that the weight change is constant. From 80 ° C. to 300 ° C., the heating rate is 10 ° C./min, and the weight W s (g) at T av (° C.) is measured.
- the amount CR 3 (% by weight) of the foaming agent released from the thermally expandable microspheres is calculated from the following formula (G), and the foaming agent retention rate R h (%) is calculated from the following formula (H).
- R h (CR 2 ⁇ CR 3 ) / CR 2 (H) ⁇ : R h ⁇ 70% ⁇ : R h ⁇ 70%
- [Silicon content in thermally expandable microspheres] A homogeneous solution of ethanol and water is prepared at a ratio of 95: 5, and potassium hydroxide is dissolved to prepare an alkaline decomposition solution. 10 mL of alkaline decomposition solution is added to 1.0 g of thermally expandable microspheres, heated at 380 ° C. for 30 minutes or more with an electric heater, ignited, carbonized, and ashed in an electric furnace. Thereafter, 0.5 g of a reagent in which sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate are mixed in an equal amount is added to the ashed sample, melted, cooled, and then diluted to 50 ml with ultrapure water to prepare a sample. The silicon content in the obtained sample is measured by an ICP emission analyzer (ICP-8100, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), and the content of silicon contained in the thermally expandable microsphere is calculated from the measurement result.
- ICP emission analyzer ICP-8100, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation
- the true specific gravity of the hollow particles is measured by the following measuring method.
- volumetric flask with a capacity of 100 cc was emptied and dried, and the weight of the volumetric flask (WS 1 ) was weighed.
- a weighed volumetric flask is filled with about 50 cc of particles, and the weight (WS 2 ) of the volumetric flask filled with hollow particles is weighed.
- the weight (WS 3 ) after accurately filling the meniscus with isopropyl alcohol to prevent bubbles from entering the volumetric flask filled with particles is weighed.
- the obtained WB 1 , WB 2 , WS 1 , WS 2 and WS 3 are introduced into the following equation to calculate the true specific gravity (d) of the hollow particles.
- d ⁇ (WS 2 ⁇ WS 1 ) ⁇ (WB 2 ⁇ WB 1 ) / 100 ⁇ / ⁇ (WB 2 ⁇ WB 1 ) ⁇ (WS 3 ⁇ WS 2 ) ⁇
- test body made of a cured product of an adhesive composition The adhesive composition was adjusted to a width of 10 mm, a length of 60 mm, and a thickness of 3 mm, and this was cured for 14 days under the conditions of 23 ° C. and 50 ° C.% RH, and further for 14 days under the conditions of 30 ° C. and 50 ° C.% RH. Thus, a test body made of a cured product of the adhesive composition is produced.
- the hardness is 13.5 N or less as “good” and 13.5 N as “bad”.
- a two-component type modified silicone adhesive component 13.0 N or less is “good” and 13.0 N is “bad”.
- the elongation is determined to be “good” when 115 mm or more and “bad” when less than 115 mm.
- a two-component modified silicone adhesive component 100 mm or more is “good” and less than 100 mm is “bad”.
- the polyurethane adhesive component does not satisfy 115 mm or more, and when the modified silicone adhesive component does not satisfy 100 mm or more, the rubber elasticity characteristic of the adhesive composition is lost.
- both hardness and elongation are “good”, it is evaluated as “good”, and when there is one “bad”, it is evaluated as “poor”.
- Example 1 To 850 parts of ion-exchanged water, 45 parts of magnesium chloride hexahydrate and 1 part of an aqueous solution of betaine N-lauryl-N, N-bis (POE (2)) aminoacetate (concentration 2% by weight) were added, followed by pH. 32 parts of an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (concentration: 50% by weight) was gradually added dropwise so as to be about 9 to 10.5 to prepare an aqueous dispersion medium containing 12 parts of particulate magnesium hydroxide. The water contained in the aqueous dispersion medium was 891 parts, and the aqueous dispersion medium was prepared so that the water was 891 parts also in the following examples and comparative examples.
- the particulate magnesium hydroxide was in a colloidal state in the aqueous dispersion medium. 170 parts of acrylonitrile, 70 parts of methacrylonitrile, 1 part of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1.5 parts of 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile and 60 parts of isopentane were mixed and dissolved to obtain an oily mixture.
- aqueous dispersion medium and oily mixture obtained above were stirred (3500 rpm ⁇ 5 min) with a TK homomixer 2.5 type (Primics) to prepare a suspension.
- the suspension was transferred to a 1.5 liter pressurized reactor and purged with nitrogen, and then the initial reaction pressure was set to 0.3 MPa, and the polymerization step was carried out at a polymerization temperature of 60 ° C. for 15 hours while stirring at 80 rpm. And an aqueous dispersion medium A containing thermally expandable microspheres was obtained.
- an aqueous sulfuric acid solution (concentration: 66% by weight) was added to the aqueous dispersion medium A containing thermally expandable microspheres, and the pH of the aqueous dispersion medium A was lowered to 4 to perform a pH reduction treatment step.
- the aqueous dispersion medium A after the pH lowering treatment was subjected to suction filtration to obtain a liquid-containing cake having a heat expandable microsphere content of 60% by weight.
- the liquid-containing cake containing 276 parts of the thermally expandable microspheres was subjected to a water washing step by showering 1000 parts of ion exchange water at 35 ° C., filtered and dried to obtain thermally expandable microspheres.
- Table 1 shows the physical property evaluation results of the obtained thermally expandable microspheres.
- An aqueous dispersion medium A (pH 9.5) containing heat-expandable microspheres was 2.75% when the ash content was measured by baking the heat-expandable microspheres that were isolated and filtered as they were after the water washing step. Met. Next, an aqueous sulfuric acid solution (concentration: 66% by weight) was dropped into the aqueous dispersion medium A to gradually lower the pH. When the pH of the aqueous dispersion medium A was 8.1, the ash content of the heat-expandable microspheres obtained by isolation and drying after filtration after the water washing step was 1.17%.
- Examples 2 to 11 In Examples 2 to 11, in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the reaction conditions such as the types and amounts of the dispersion stabilizer and the auxiliary stabilizer were changed as shown in Table 1, polymerization step, pH A heat-expandable microsphere was obtained by performing a reduction treatment step and a water washing step. The obtained thermally expandable microspheres were evaluated for physical properties, and the results are also shown in Table 1. Further, the ash content of the thermally expandable microspheres obtained after the pH lowering treatment step (pH after treatment was 4) and the water washing step was 0%.
- the encapsulating rate of the foaming agent is 90% or more, the waste of the foaming agent charged in the polymerization process is minimized,
- the obtained heat-expandable microspheres are excellent in heat-expandability.
- thermal expansion microspheres with high expansion performance can be prepared by the presence of oil droplets made of an oily mixture in an aqueous dispersion medium and polymerization.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 12 are the same as in Example 1 except that the reaction conditions such as the types and amounts of the dispersion stabilizer and the auxiliary stabilizer and the pH of the aqueous dispersion medium are changed as shown in Table 2 in Example 1.
- a polymerization step was performed to prepare thermally expandable microspheres.
- 32 parts of an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (concentration: 50% by weight) were not added during the preparation of the aqueous dispersion medium.
- a dispersion stabilizer such as particulate magnesium hydroxide is not used, and instead, magnesium chloride hexahydrate which is a water-soluble metal salt. Polymerization was carried out using 45 parts.
- Comparative Examples 11 and 12 fine particle magnesium hydroxide was not used as a dispersion stabilizer, Colloidal Silicic Acid was used in Comparative Example 11, and Alumina Sol was used in Comparative Example 12, both of which were polymerized under acidic conditions. It was.
- Comparative Examples 6, 11 and 12 thermally expandable microspheres were obtained without performing the pH lowering treatment step and the water washing step after the polymerization step.
- the ash content of Comparative Example 6 was 2.8%
- the ash content of Comparative Example 11 was 6.2%
- the ash content of Comparative Example 12 was 6.8%.
- Table 2 Each result is also shown in Table 2.
- Example A1 20 parts of the heat-expandable microspheres obtained in Example 10 and 80 parts of calcium carbonate (Whiteon SB Aka, Bihoku Flour Industry Co., Ltd.) are added to a separable flask and heated to 150 ° C. with stirring for 5 minutes. Then, it was cooled and passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain fine particle-attached hollow particles A having an average particle diameter of 40 ⁇ m and a true specific gravity of 0.12.
- a two-component type polyurethane adhesive component (bond UP seal gray, manufactured by Konishi) composed of a combination of a base material made of isocyanate and a curing agent made of polyol was prepared.
- Example A2 A two-component type modified silicone adhesive component (Bond MS seal, manufactured by Konishi) composed of a combination of a base material made of modified silicone and a curing agent was prepared. Next, 2.4 parts of the fine particle-adhered hollow particles A obtained in Example A1 were added to 100 parts of the base material, and the mixture was stirred and mixed in a universal mixer for 20 minutes, and then 8 parts of a curing agent was blended. The mixture was further stirred for 20 minutes. The obtained mixture was stirred and defoamed with a conditioning mixer to produce an adhesive composition. A tensile test was performed on the cured product obtained by curing the adhesive composition under the above conditions, and the hardness and elongation were measured. The obtained results are shown in Table 3.
- Example A1 In Example A1, instead of the thermally expandable microspheres obtained in Example 10, the average particle diameter of 43 ⁇ m was obtained in the same manner as in Example A1, except that the thermally expandable microspheres obtained in Comparative Example 11 were used. A fine particle-attached hollow particle B having a true specific gravity of 0.11 was obtained. Next, in Example A1, an adhesive composition was produced in the same manner as in Example A1 except that the fine particle-attached hollow particles B were used instead of the fine particle-attached hollow particles A, and the hardness and elongation of the cured product were adjusted. It was measured. The obtained results are shown in Table 3.
- Example B2 In Example A2, an adhesive composition was produced in the same manner as in Example A2 except that the fine particle-attached hollow particles B were used in place of the fine particle-attached hollow particles A, and the hardness and elongation of the cured product were measured. The obtained results are shown in Table 3.
- Example C1 An average particle diameter of 39 ⁇ m was obtained in the same manner as in Example A1, except that the thermally expandable microspheres obtained in Comparative Example 12 were used instead of the thermally expandable microspheres obtained in Example 10. Fine particle-attached hollow particles C having a true specific gravity of 0.12 were obtained. Next, an adhesive composition was produced in the same manner as in Example A1 except that the fine particle-attached hollow particles C were used in place of the fine particle-attached hollow particles A in Example A1, and the hardness and elongation of the cured product were adjusted. It was measured. The obtained results are shown in Table 3.
- Example C2 Comparative Example C2
- an adhesive composition was produced in the same manner as in Example A2 except that the fine particle-attached hollow particles C were used in place of the fine particle-attached hollow particles A, and the hardness and elongation of the cured product were measured. The obtained results are shown in Table 3.
- Examples A1 and A2 since the silicon content, the aluminum content, the total content of silicon and aluminum are low, and the foaming agent retention is high, the hardness of the cured product of the adhesive composition is increased and the elongation is decreased. It is possible to suppress the above, and an effect that a high-performance adhesive composition can be obtained stably is observed. Moreover, since the silicon content, the aluminum content, and the total content of silicon and aluminum are all low in the thermally expandable microspheres, as a result, the moisture content of the fine particle-adhered hollow particles is low, and thus stable. It is also considered that a high performance adhesive composition was obtained.
- thermally expandable microspheres with high reproducibility and high encapsulating rate of the foaming agent and excellent thermal expandability.
- the thermally expandable microspheres of the present invention can be used, for example, as a weight reducing material for putty, paint, ink, sealing material, mortar, paper clay, pottery, etc. It can be used for the production of a foamed molded article having excellent sound insulation properties, heat insulation properties, heat insulation properties, sound absorption properties and the like by performing molding such as extrusion molding and press molding.
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Description
コロイドケイ酸は分散安定性に優れるために、現在、熱膨張性微小球の製造では欠かせない存在である。しかし、コロイドケイ酸を使用すると、懸濁重合後の反応混合物から熱膨張性微小球を取り出す場合に最初に行う反応混合物の脱液(濾過)をしばしば困難にする。また、コロイドケイ酸は熱膨張性微小球の表面に残存し、しかも、完全に除去することは非常に困難であることが知られている。そして、コロイドケイ酸の残存は、熱膨張性微小球を樹脂等に配合して組成物として用いる場合に、樹脂と熱膨張性微小球との密着性低下の原因となるおそれがある。
コロイドケイ酸を分散安定剤として用いる場合、懸濁重合はpH1~4の酸性の水性分散媒中で行われることが多い。また、熱膨張性微小球の製造は、通常、その重合スケール等を考慮して金属製反応器を用いて行われるので、コロイドケイ酸を用いると反応器の耐蝕性の問題が避けられない。
しかし、特許文献2記載の製造方法では、水性分散媒が補助安定剤をさらに含有しないと、水性分散媒中で重合性成分や発泡剤を含む油滴の分散が不安定となり、熱膨張性微小球を再現性良く製造することが困難である。特に、補助安定剤がポリエチレングリコール縮合型非イオン乳化剤であると、乳化剤に曇点が存在し、重合結果の再現性の低下が顕著となる。また、補助安定剤が脂肪酸、スルホン酸塩、硫酸アルキルのアルカリ化合物等のアニオン性物質や、特許文献3で用いるポリアニオン性物質の場合は、水性分散媒に添加されている塩化ナトリウムのナトリウム、塩化マグネシウムのマグネシウム等の金属カチオンとの結合による、界面活性の低下で油滴の分散が不安定となり、重合結果の再現性が低くなる。その結果、特許文献2および3記載の製造方法で得られる熱膨張性微小球では、発泡剤の内包化率が低く、ひいては熱膨張性に劣るという問題があった。
本発明の熱膨張性微小球は、熱可塑性樹脂からなる外殻とそれに内包される発泡剤とを必須として構成される熱膨張性微小球であって、ケイ素の含有率が500ppm以下であり、アルミニウムの含有率が350ppm以下であり、ケイ素およびアルミニウムの合計の含有率が600ppm以下であり、前記熱膨張性微小球の膨張開始温度および最大膨張温度の平均温度における発泡剤保持率が70%以上である。
本発明の熱膨張性微小球の製造方法は、熱可塑性樹脂からなる外殻とそれに内包される発泡剤とを必須として構成される熱膨張性微小球の製造方法であって、微粒子状の金属化合物および両性界面活性剤を含有し中性または塩基性の水性分散媒中に、重合性成分と前記発泡剤とを分散させ、前記重合性成分を重合させる工程を含む方法である。
(A)前記微粒子状の金属化合物がコロイド状態にある。
(B)前記水性分散媒のpHが7~12である。
(C)前記金属化合物中の金属がアルカリ土類金属である。
(D)前記両性界面活性剤がベタイン型両性界面活性剤である。
(E)前記熱膨張性微小球において、前記発泡剤の内包化率が90%以上である。
(F)前記重合性成分が、ニトリル系単量体、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系単量体、カルボキシル基含有単量体、スチレン系単量体、酢酸ビニル、アクリルアミド系単量体、マレイミド系単量体および塩化ビニリデンから選ばれた少なくとも1種を含む。
(G)前記重合工程で得られた熱膨張性微小球に対してpH低下処理を行う工程をさらに含む。
(H)前記重合工程またはpH低下処理で得られた熱膨張性微小球に対して水洗する工程をさらに含む。
本発明の組成物は、上記熱膨張性微小球、上記熱膨張性微小球の製造方法で得られる熱膨張性微小球、および、上記中空粒子から選ばれる少なくとも1種の粒状物と、基材成分とを含む。組成物が接着剤組成物であると好ましい。
本発明の成形物は、上記組成物を成形してなる。
本発明の熱膨張性微小球では、また、組成物に含ませると材料物性に優れるという効果も得られる。
本発明の中空粒子は、上記熱膨張性微小球を原料として得られるので、軽量であり、組成物や成形物に含ませると材料物性に優れるという効果も得られる。
本発明の成形物は、上記組成物を成形して得られるので、軽量であり、材料物性に優れる。
本発明の中空粒子は、特に、接着剤組成物の成分として配合した場合に、硬化後の接着剤組成物が低硬度で高伸度となり、材料物性に優れる。
本発明の製造方法は、熱可塑性樹脂からなる外殻とそれに内包される発泡剤とを必須として構成される熱膨張性微小球の製造方法である。この製造方法は、微粒子状の金属化合物および両性界面活性剤を含有し中性または塩基性の水性分散媒中に、重合性成分と前記発泡剤とを分散させ、前記重合性成分を重合させる工程(以下では、重合工程という)を含む。
本発明の製造方法は、前記重合工程で得られた熱膨張性微小球に対してpH低下処理を行う工程(以下では、pH低下処理工程という)や、前記重合工程またはpH低下処理で得られた熱膨張性微小球に対して水洗する工程(以下では、水洗工程という)をさらに含むと好ましい。
発泡剤は、加熱することによって気化する物質である。このような発泡剤としては、たとえば、炭素数1~12の炭化水素およびそれらのハロゲン化物;テトラアルキルシラン;加熱により熱分解してガスを生成する化合物等を挙げることができ、1種または2種以上を併用してもよい。
炭素数1~12の炭化水素としては、たとえば、プロパン、シクロプロパン、プロピレン、ノルマルブタン、イソブタン、シクロブタン、ノルマルペンタン、シクロペンタン、イソペンタン、ネオペンタン、ノルマルヘキサン、イソヘキサン、シクロヘキサン、ヘプタン、シクロヘプタン、オクタン、イソオクタン、シクロオクタン、2-メチルペンタン、2,2-ジメチルブタン、石油エーテル等の炭化水素が挙げられる。これらの炭化水素は、直鎖状、分岐状、脂環状のいずれでもよく、脂肪族であるものが好ましい。
単量体成分は、一般には、重合性二重結合を1個有する(ラジカル)重合性単量体と呼ばれている成分を意味し、特に限定はないが、たとえば、アクリロニトリル、メタクリロニトリル、α-クロルアクリロニトリル、α-エトキシアクリロニトリル、フマロニトリル等のニトリル系単量体;アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、イタコン酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸、シトラコン酸等のカルボキシル基含有単量体;塩化ビニリデン;塩化ビニル、臭化ビニル、弗化ビニル等のハロゲン化ビニル系単量体;酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル、酪酸ビニル等のビニルエステル系単量体;メチル(メタ)アクリレート、エチル(メタ)アクリレート、n-ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、イソブチル(メタ)アクリレート、t-ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、プロピル(メタ)アクリレート、n-オクチル(メタ)アクリレート、ドデシル(メタ)アクリレート、2-エチルヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、ステアリル(メタ)アクリレート、2-クロルエチル(メタ)アクリレート、フェニル(メタ)アクリレート、イソボルニル(メタ)アクリレート、シクロヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、ベンジル(メタ)アクリレート、β-カルボキシエチルアクリレート、2-ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート等の(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系単量体;スチレン、α-メチルスチレン、クロロスチレン等のスチレン系単量体;アクリルアミド、置換アクリルアミド、メタクリルアミド、置換メタクリルアミド等のアクリルアミド系単量体;N-フェニルマレイミド、N-(2-クロロフェニル)マレイミド、N-シクロヘキシルマレイミド、N-ラウリルマレイミド等のマレイミド系単量体;スチレン、o-メチルスチレン、m-メチルスチレン、p-メチルスチレン、p-エチルスチレン、2,4-ジメチルスチレン、p-n-ブチルスチレン、p-tert-ブチルスチレン、p-n-ヘキシルスチレン、p-n-オクチルスチレン、p-n-ノニルスチレン、p-n-デシルスチレン、p-n-ドデシルスチレン、n-メトキシスチレン、p-フェニルスチレン、p-クロルスチレン、3,4-ジクロルスチレン等のスチレン系単量体;エチレン、プロピレン、ブチレン、イソブチレン等のエチレン不飽和モノオレフイン系単量体;ビニルメチルエーテル、ビニルエチルエーテル、ビニルイソブチルエーテル等のビニルエーテル系単量体;ビニルメチルケトン、ビニルヘキシルケトン、メチルイソプロペニルケトン等のビニルケトン系単量体;N-ビニルピロール、N-ビニルカルバゾール、N-ビニルインドール、N-ビニルピロリドン等のN-ビニル系単量体、ビニルナフタリン塩等を挙げることができる。カルボキシル基含有単量体については、一部または全部のカルボキシル基が重合時に中和されていてもよい。なお、(メタ)アクリルは、アクリルまたはメタクリルを意味する。マレイミド系単量体は、窒素原子に置換基を有する構造のN-置換マレイミド系単量体であると好ましい。
重合性成分がニトリル系単量体を必須成分として含むと、熱膨張性微小球の外殻を構成する熱可塑性樹脂の耐熱性や耐溶剤性が向上するために好ましい。ニトリル系単量体は、アクリロニトリルおよび/またはメタクリロニトリルを含むと、ガスバリア性が高く膨張性能が向上するために好ましい。ニトリル系単量体はメタクリロニトリルを含む場合、その量は、ニトリル系単量体に対して、好ましくは5~90重量%、さらに好ましくは15~80重量%、特に好ましくは20~70重量%である。メタクリロニトリルの量がこの範囲にあると、造膜性が高く、外殻の緻密性が向上し結果として高い膨張性が得られることがある。
重合性成分がニトリル系単量体と共にカルボキシル基含有単量体をさらに含むと、耐熱性や耐溶剤性が向上するとともに、熱可塑性樹脂のガラス転移温度が高くなり、熱膨張性微小球を高温で熱膨張させることができるために好ましい。重合性成分が、ニトリル系単量体およびカルボキシル基含有単量体と共にハロゲン化ビニル系単量体および/または(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系単量体をさらに含んでいてもよい。
なお、単量体成分がハロゲン、酸素、窒素等を有する単量体を含む場合は、重合時に生成する熱膨張性微小球の凝集や重合反応器内のスケール発生を効果的に防止することができる。
架橋剤としては、特に限定はないが、たとえば、ジビニルベンゼン等の芳香族ジビニル化合物;メタクリル酸アリル、トリアクリルホルマール、トリアリルイソシアネート、エチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ジエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、トリエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、1,4-ブタンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート、1,9-ノナンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート、1,10-デカンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート、PEG#200ジ(メタ)アクリレート、PEG#400ジ(メタ)アクリレート、PEG#600ジ(メタ)アクリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリメタクリレート、グリセリンジメタクリレート、ジメチロール-トリシクロデカンジアクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールトリ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールテトラアクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサアクリレート、2-ブチル-2-エチル-1,3-プロパンジオールジアクリレート等のジ(メタ)アクリレート化合物を挙げることができる。これらの架橋剤は、1種または2種以上を併用してもよい。
本発明の製造方法においては、重合性成分を重合開始剤の存在下で重合させることが好ましい。
重合開始剤の量については、特に限定はないが、前記単量体成分100重量部に対して0.3~8重量部であると好ましく、より好ましくは0.6~7重量部である。
本発明では、水性分散媒は重合性成分および発泡剤等の油性混合物を分散させるイオン交換水、蒸留水、水道水等の水を主成分とする媒体である。水性分散媒はアルコール等の親水性、有機性の溶媒をさらに含有してもよい。水性分散媒の使用量については、特に限定はないが、重合性成分100重量部に対して、100~1000重量部の水性分散媒を使用するのが好ましい。
金属化合物は、金属の塩または水酸化物より構成される金属化合物であり、重合工程時に水性分散媒中で分散している。また、金属化合物は水不溶性または水難溶性である。本発明で水不溶性または水難溶性であるとは、25℃の水100gに対して1g未満(好ましくは0.8g以下、さらに好ましくは0.5g以下)しか溶解しない状態を意味する。
金属の塩としては、塩化物塩、臭化物塩、ヨウ化物塩等のハロゲン化物塩や、硫酸塩、亜硫酸塩、硝酸塩、亜硝酸塩、炭酸塩、炭酸水素塩、ピロリン酸塩、リン酸塩、亜リン酸塩等が挙げられる。
水性分散媒に配合される微粒子状の金属化合物の配合量については、熱膨張性微小球の目的とする粒子径により適宜決定され、特に限定されない。微粒子状の金属化合物の配合量は、重合性成分100重量部に対して、好ましくは0.1~20重量部、さらに好ましくは1~10重量部、特に好ましくは2~9重量部である。微粒子状の金属化合物の配合量が0.1重量部未満であると、熱膨張性微小球を安定に製造することができないことがある。一方、微粒子状の金属化合物の配合量が20重量部超であると、得られる熱膨張性微小球の表面における金属化合物の残存量が増加し、金属化合物を完全に除去することが困難になることがある。
コロイド状態にある微粒子状の金属化合物の調製方法については、特に限定はないが、たとえば、水を主成分とする酸性または中性の水性媒体中に水溶性金属塩を溶解させて、次いで、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等の塩基性物質を添加することにより、コロイド状態にある微粒子状の金属化合物を調製することができる。
水溶性金属塩としては、たとえば、塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム、塩化マグネシウム、塩化カルシウム、塩化鉄(II)、塩化鉄(III)、塩化亜鉛、塩化アルミニウム、塩化鉛、塩化ニッケル、硫酸亜鉛、硫酸銅(II)、硫酸マンガン、硫酸ニッケル(II)等が挙げられ、1種または2種以上を併用してもよい。水溶性金属塩が塩化マグネシウムや塩化カルシウムであると、水性分散媒中での重合性成分および発泡剤からなる油滴に対して高い分散安定化効果を付与させることができるため好ましい。
本発明の製造方法では、分散安定剤としての微粒子状の金属化合物と、補助安定剤としての両性界面活性剤とを併用することによって、発泡剤の内包化率が高く、熱膨張性に優れる熱膨張性微小球を再現性よく製造することができる。
ベタイン型両性界面活性剤は、1分子内にカチオンおよびアニオンを有する化合物であり、たとえば、下記一般式(1)で示される。
X+-A-Y- (1)
(但し、X+はカチオンであり;Aは2価の有機基であり;Y-はアニオンである。)
一般式(1)において、X+はカチオンであれば、特に限定はないが、たとえば、第4級アンモニム塩型カチオン等を挙げることができる。さらに、第4級アンモニウム塩型カチオンとしては、たとえば、下記一般式(2)で示されるカチオンを挙げることができる。
-(QO)n-T (3)
(但し、Qは炭素数1~4のアルキレン基であり、好ましくは2~3のアルキレン基;Tは水素原子または炭素数1~30のアルキル基であり;nはオキシアルキレン基であるQOの繰り返し数(オキシアルキレンの付加モル数)であり、通常1~30、好ましくは1~20である。)
一般式(1)において、Aは2価の有機基であれば特に限定はないが、たとえば、アルキレン基、アルキレンフェニル基、ポリアルキレンオキサイド基、ポリアルキレンポリアミン基等が挙げられる。Aの炭素数は、それぞれ、好ましくは1~10、さらに好ましくは1~8である。
ベタイン型両性界面活性剤の具体例としては、下記一般式(4)で示される両性界面活性剤を挙げることができる。
上記一般式(4)で示されるベタイン型両性界面活性剤としては、たとえば、オクチルジメチルアミノ酢酸ベタイン、ラウリルジメチルアミノ酢酸ベタイン、ステアリルジメチルアミノ酢酸ベタイン、オクチルジエチルアミノ酢酸ベタイン、ラウリルジエチルアミノ酢酸ベタイン、ステアリルジエチルアミノ酢酸ベタイン、ヤシ油アルキルジメチルアミノ酢酸ベタイン、ラウリルジヒドロキシエチルアミノ酢酸ベタイン等のアルキルアミノ酢酸ベタイン両性界面活性剤;N-オクチル-N,N-ビス(POE(m))アミノ酢酸ベタイン、N-ラウリル-N,N-ビス(POE(m))アミノ酢酸ベタイン、N-ミリスチル-N,N-ビス(POE(m))アミノ酢酸ベタイン、N-ステアリル-N,N-ビス(POE(m))アミノ酢酸ベタイン等のアルキレンオキサイド付加物ベタイン両性界面活性剤(なお、POE(m)で表わしているPOEとはポリオキシエチレン基を表し、mとは付加モル数を表す。付加モル数mは1~30の正数を示す。);オクチルジメチルスルホベタイン、ラウリルジメチルスルホベタイン、ステアリルジメチルスルホベタイン、オクチルジエチルスルホベタイン、ラウリルジエチルスルホベタイン、ステアリルジエチルスルホベタイン、ヤシ油アルキルジメチルスルホベタイン、ラウリルジヒドロキシエチルスルホベタイン等のスルホベタイン両性界面活性剤;オクチルヒドロキシジメチルスルホベタイン、オクチルヒドロキシジエチルスルホベタイン、ラウリルヒドロキシジメチルスルホベタイン、ラウリルヒドロキシジエチルスルホベタイン、ステアリルヒドロキシジメチルスルホベタイン、ステアリルヒドロキシジエチルスルホベタイン等のアルキルヒドロキシスルホベタイン両性界面活性剤;オクチルジメチルサルフェートベタイン、オクチルジエチルサルフェートベタイン、ラウリルジメチルサルフェートベタイン、ラウリルジエチルサルフェートベタイン、ラウリルジエチルプロピルサルフェートベタイン等のサルフェートベタイン両性界面活性剤等が挙げられる。
ベタイン型両性界面活性剤の具体例としては、下記一般式(5)で示される両性界面活性剤も挙げることができる。
上記一般式(5)で示されるベタイン型両性界面活性剤としては、たとえば、高級脂肪酸アミドプロピルジメチルアミノ酢酸ベタイン等のアルキルアミドベタイン両性界面活性剤;ドデシルアミノメチルジメチルスルホプロピルベタイン、オクタデシルアミノメチルジメチルスルホプロピルベタイン等のアミドスルホベタイン型両性界面活性剤等が挙げられる。
ベタイン型両性界面活性剤の具体例としては、下記一般式(6)で示される両性界面活性剤も挙げることができる。
上記一般式(6)で示されるベタイン型両性界面活性剤としては、たとえば、2-アルキル-N-カルボキシメチル-N-ヒドロキシエチルイミダゾリニウムベタイン等のイミダゾリニウムベタイン両性界面活性剤等が挙げられる。
(Z-A-COO)r r-Mr+ (7)
(但し、Aは2価の有機基であり;Mr+は価数rの金属カチオンであり;Zは(置換)アミノ基である。)
一般式(7)におけるAは、2価の有機基であり、一般式(1)のAと同じである。
一般式(7)において、Zはアミノ基または置換アミノ基であれば特に限定はないが、たとえば、下記一般式(8)で示される(置換)アミノ基を挙げることができる。
アミノ酸型両性界面活性剤の具体例としては、下記一般式(9)で示される脂肪族アミノ酸型両性界面活性剤を挙げることができる。
R17-NH-R18-COOMa (9)
(但し、R17は炭素数6~22のアルキル基であり;R18はアルキレン基またはアルキレンフェニル基で、その炭素数1~10であり;Maはアルカリ金属である。)
上記一般式(9)で示されるアミノ酸型両性界面活性剤としては、たとえば、オクチルアミノプロピオン酸ナトリウム、ラウリルアミノプロピオン酸ナトリウム、ステアリルアミノプロピオン酸ナトリウム、アルキルアミノジプロピオン酸ナトリウム等のアルキルアミノモノプロピオン酸ナトリウム塩両性界面活性剤等が挙げられる。
アミノ酸型両性界面活性剤の具体例としては、下記一般式(10)で示される脂肪族アミノ酸型両性界面活性剤も挙げることができる。
一般式(10)において、Maはアルカリ金属であれば特に限定はないが、入手し易さからナトリウムやカリウムが好ましい。
上記一般式(10)で示されるアミノ酸型両性界面活性剤としては、たとえば、β-ラウリルアミノジプロピオン酸ナトリウム等のアルキルアミノジプロピオン酸ナトリウム塩両性界面活性剤等が挙げられる。
ベタイン型両性界面活性剤のうちでも、親水性および疎水性を比較的容易に設計することが可能であることや、その結果として、水性分散媒中で、重合性成分および発泡剤からなる油滴の分散安定性を高め、両性界面活性剤が油滴に吸着して発泡剤の外殻からのガス抜けを抑制できるという理由から、アルキレンオキサイド付加物ベタイン両性界面活性剤が好ましい。
両性界面活性剤の配合量は、また、微粒子状の金属化合物100重量部に対して、好ましくは0.001~40重量部、さらに好ましくは0.005~10重量部である。両性界面活性剤が金属化合物100重量部に対して0.001重量部未満であると、重合性成分および発泡剤からなる油滴が水性分散媒中で安定に存在せず、安定に熱膨張性微小球が調製できないことがある。一方、両性界面活性剤が金属化合物100重量部に対して40重量部超であると、経済的に不利である。
両性界面活性剤が補助安定剤に占める重量割合については、特に限定はないが、補助安定剤全体に対して、好ましくは40~100重量%、さらに好ましくは50~100重量%である。両性界面活性剤の重量割合が40重量%未満であると、得られる熱膨張性微小球は、発泡剤の内包化率が低下し、熱膨張性に劣ることがある。
水性分散媒は、電解質をさらに含有してもよい。電解質としては特に限定はないが、たとえば、塩化ナトリウム、塩化マグネシウム、塩化カルシウム、硫酸ナトリウム、硫酸マグネシウム、硫酸アンモニウム、炭酸ナトリウム等を挙げることができる。これらの電解質は、1種または2種以上を併用してもよい。電解質の含有量については、特に限定はないが、水性分散媒中の水100重量部に対して0.1~50重量部含有するのが好ましい。
水溶性化合物の使用量については、特に限定はないが、重合性成分100重量部に対して、好ましくは0.0001~1.0重量部、さらに好ましくは0.001~0.07重量部である。
本発明の重合工程では、水性分散媒は中性または塩基性である。水性分散媒のpHは、用いる微粒子状の金属化合物の種類等により相違することがあるが、微粒子状の金属化合物が水性分散媒中に分散し不溶または難溶となる状態を維持できるpHであればよい。
水性分散媒の好ましいpHは、金属化合物の種類にも依存することがある。たとえば、金属化合物が水酸化マグネシウムの場合は、微粒子状の水酸化マグネシウムがpH9.0~9.5程度より大きいと水性分散媒中で不溶になり分散しはじめることから、水性分散媒のpHは、好ましくは9~12、さらに好ましくは9.5~11.5、特に好ましくは10~11、最も好ましくは10.2~10.5である。また、金属化合物がリン酸カルシウムの場合は、微粒子状のリン酸カルシウムがpH7程度より大きいと水性分散媒中に万遍なく分散し、分散安定剤としての効果が発揮されることから、水性分散媒のpHは、好ましくは7~12、さらに好ましくは8~11、特に好ましくは9~10.5である。
本発明では、所定粒子径の球状油滴が調製されるように重合性成分および発泡剤等の油性混合物からなる油滴を水性分散媒中に乳化分散させる。
次いで、油性混合物が球状の油滴として水性分散媒に分散された分散液を加熱することにより、懸濁重合を開始する。重合反応中は、分散液を攪拌するのが好ましく、その攪拌は、たとえば、単量体の浮上や重合後の熱膨張性微小球の沈降を防止できる程度に緩く行えばよい。
重合工程後に得られる熱膨張性微小球を含む水性分散媒(以下では、重合液ということもある)中には、目的とする熱膨張性微小球以外に、熱膨張性微小球の凝集物や重合カス等の副生成物が生成することがある。このような副生成物の大きさは熱膨張性微小球の粒子径よりも一般に大きいので、副生成物が一定のふるいを通過しなくなる。この点を利用して、安定に熱膨張性微小球を製造できたかを示す指標として、熱膨張性微小球の製造安定性を評価することができる。熱膨張性微小球の製造安定性は、好ましくは50重量%以上、さらに好ましくは70重量%以上、特に好ましくは80重量%以上、最も好ましくは90重量%以上である。熱膨張性微小球の製造安定性が50重量%未満であると、製造工程上で問題が生じ、生産性よく熱膨張性微小球が得られないことがある。熱膨張性微小球の製造安定性の定義は実施例で詳しく説明する。
重合液から熱膨張性微小球を単離する方法としては、たとえば、吸引濾過、加圧濾過、遠心分離等の単離方法を挙げることができ、その結果、熱膨張性微小球の含液ケーキが得られる。
重合工程に引き続き、以下のpH低下処理工程や水洗工程を行うとよい。
pH低下処理工程は、上記で説明した重合工程で得られた熱膨張性微小球に対して、pH低下処理を行う工程である。pH低下処理工程を行うことによって、重合工程で得られた熱膨張性微小球の表面を被覆する微粒子状の金属化合物を容易に溶解、除去して、清浄な熱膨張性微小球を得ることができる。
pH低下処理工程は、重合工程後に得られた熱膨張性微小球に対して酸性物質を接触させてpH低下処理を行う工程であれば、特に限定はない。酸性物質については特に限定はないが、たとえば、塩酸(塩化水素)、硫酸、硝酸、過塩素酸等の無機酸;酢酸、酪酸等のカルボン酸等の有機酸等が挙げられる。
pH低下処理工程において、酸性物質を配合した後の熱膨張性微小球を含む液のpHは、好ましくは8以下、さらに好ましくは6以下である。上記pHが8を超えている場合は、微粒子状の金属化合物を熱膨張性微小球の表面から完全に除去することが困難になることがある。
pH低下処理工程後の熱膨張性微小球の単離は、たとえば、上記単離方法と同様にして行われ、その結果、熱膨張性微小球の含液ケーキが得られる。
重合工程またはpH低下処理工程後に得られる熱膨張性微小球に対して水洗する工程(以下、水洗工程という)を行うと、微粒子状の金属化合物等が取り除かれた清浄な熱膨張性微小球を得ることができる。pH低下処理工程後に得られる熱膨張性微小球に対して水洗工程を行うと、より清浄な熱膨張性微小球を得ることができる。
水洗工程は、たとえば、熱膨張性微小球の含液ケーキを水と1回以上接触させ洗浄して行われる。水洗工程で使用される水としては、たとえば、水道水、イオン交換水、蒸留水、超純水等を挙げることができる。
工程Aは、たとえば、熱膨張性微小球の含液ケーキに水をシャワーリングして行われる。また、工程Bでは、再分散による洗浄を1回することで効果が得られるが、複数回繰り返すことでより高い水洗効果が得られる。
水洗工程で用いる水の温度については、特に限定はないが、好ましくは2~80℃、さらに好ましくは20~70℃、特に好ましくは30~60℃であると効果的に洗浄を行うことができる。水の温度が2℃未満であると、洗浄効果が低下することがある。一方、水の温度が80℃を超えると、膨張性能の低下や熱膨張性微小球が微発泡してしまうことがある。
水洗工程後の熱膨張性微小球の単離は、たとえば、上記単離方法と同様にして行われ、その結果、熱膨張性微小球の含液ケーキが得られる。得られた熱膨張性微小球(通常は、熱膨張性微小球の含液ケーキ)に対して、棚乾燥、減圧乾燥、気流乾燥、ナウター乾燥等の乾燥操作をさらに行うことで、乾燥した熱膨張性微小球を得ることができる。
次に、本発明の熱膨張性微小球について説明する。熱膨張性微小球は、図1に示すように、熱可塑性樹脂からなる外殻(シェル)11とそれに内包され且つ前記熱可塑性樹脂の軟化点以下で気化する発泡剤(コア)12とから構成されたコア-シェル構造をとっており、熱膨張性微小球は微小球全体として熱膨張性(微小球全体が加熱により膨らむ性質)を示す。熱可塑性樹脂、重合して熱可塑性樹脂となる重合性成分、発泡剤等については、前述のとおりである。
熱膨張性微小球の平均粒子径については、用途に応じて自由に設計することができるために特に限定されないが、好ましくは1~100μm、さらに好ましくは3~60μm、特に好ましくは5~50μmである。
熱膨張性微小球の粒度分布の変動係数CVは、特に限定されないが、好ましくは35%以下、さらに好ましくは30%以下、特に好ましくは25%以下である。変動係数CVは、以下に示す計算式(1)および(2)で算出される。
発泡剤の内包率は、熱膨張性微小球の重量に対する熱膨張性微小球に内包された発泡剤の重量の百分率で定義される。発泡剤の内包率については、特に限定はなく、使用される用途により内包率は適宜決められるが、好ましくは5~35%、さらに好ましくは10~30%、特に好ましくは15~25%である。内包率が5%未満であると、発泡剤の効果が得られないことがある。一方、内包率が35%を超えると熱膨張性微小球の外殻の厚みが薄くなることで、ガス抜けの原因となり、耐熱性の低下や高い膨張性能が得られないことがある。
熱膨張性微小球の内包化率については、特に限定はないが、好ましくは90~100%、さらに好ましくは95~100%、特に好ましくは97~100%である。熱膨張性微小球の内包化率が90%未満であると、発泡性能が低くなることがある。
熱膨張性微小球の最大膨張温度(Tmax)については、特に限定はないが、好ましくは80~300℃、より好ましくは90~280℃、さらに好ましくは100~250℃、特に好ましくは110~230℃、最も好ましくは120~210℃である。最大膨張温度が80℃未満であると、塗料や樹脂等の組成物への利用が難しくなることがある。
熱膨張性微小球に含まれるケイ素の含有率は、通常500ppm以下、好ましくは400ppm以下、さらに好ましくは300ppm以下、特に好ましくは150ppm以下、最も好ましくは100ppm以下である。ケイ素の含有率が500ppmを超えると、熱膨張性微小球や以下で説明する中空粒子を配合した組成物および成形物において、軽量化や材料物性に悪影響を及ぼすことになる。
熱膨張性微小球に含まれるケイ素およびアルミニウムの合計の含有率は、通常600ppm以下、好ましくは500ppm以下、さらに好ましくは400ppm以下、特に好ましくは300ppm以下、最も好ましくは200ppm以下である。ケイ素およびアルミニウムの合計の含有率が600ppmを超えると、熱膨張性微小球や以下で説明する中空粒子を配合した組成物および成形物において、軽量化や材料物性に悪影響を及ぼすことになる。
1)20000ppm以下、2)10000ppm以下、3)3000ppm以下、4)1000ppm以下、5)300ppm以下、6)100ppm以下、7)50ppm以下
マグネシウムの含有率が20000ppmを超えると、熱膨張性微小球や以下で説明する中空粒子を配合した組成物および成形物において、軽量化や材料物性に悪影響を及ぼす場合がある。
1)20000ppm以下、2)10000ppm以下、3)3000ppm以下、4)1000ppm以下、5)400ppm以下、6)200ppm以下、7)100ppm以下
ケイ素およびマグネシウムの合計の含有率が20000ppmを超えると、熱膨張性微小球や以下で説明する中空粒子を配合した組成物および成形物において、軽量化や材料物性に悪影響を及ぼす場合がある。
本発明の熱膨張性微小球を製造する方法については、特に限定はないが、前述の熱膨張性微小球の製造方法や、前述の製造方法において、酸性条件下で分散安定剤としてコロイドケイ酸を用いて重合工程を行った上で、アルカリ性条件下で熱膨張性微小球に含まれるケイ素を除去する方法等を挙げることができる。
本発明の中空粒子は、上記で説明した熱膨張性微小球および/または上記で説明した熱膨張性微小球の製造方法で得られる熱膨張性微小球を加熱膨張させて得られる粒子である。
本発明の中空粒子は、軽量であり、組成物や成形物に含ませると材料物性に優れる。特に、接着剤組成物の成分として配合した場合に、硬化後の接着剤組成物が低硬度で高伸度となり、材料物性に優れる。
中空粒子の平均粒子径については用途に応じて自由に設計することができるために特に限定されないが、好ましくは0.1~1000μm、より好ましくは0.8~200μmである。また、中空粒子の粒度分布の変動係数CVについても、特に限定はないが、30%以下が好ましく、さらに好ましくは25%以下である。
中空粒子(1)は、図2に示すように、その外殻(2)の外表面に付着した微粒子(4や5)から構成されていてもよく、以下では、微粒子付着中空粒子(1)ということがある。
微粒子の平均粒子径については、用いる中空体本体によって適宜選択され、特に限定はないが、好ましくは0.001~30μm、さらに好ましくは0.005~25μm、特に好ましくは0.01~20μmである。
微粒子としては、種々のものを使用することができ、無機物、有機物のいずれの素材であってもよい。微粒子の形状としては、球状、針状や板状等が挙げられる。
微粒子付着中空粒子は、たとえば、微粒子付着熱膨張性微小球を加熱膨張させることによって得ることができる。微粒子付着中空粒子の製造方法としては、熱膨張性微小球と微粒子とを混合する工程(混合工程)と、前記混合工程で得られた混合物を前記軟化点超の温度に加熱して、前記熱膨張性微小球を膨張させるとともに、得られる中空粒子の外表面に微粒子を付着させる工程(付着工程)を含む製造方法が好ましい。
微粒子付着中空粒子の真比重については、特に限定はないが、好ましくは0.01~0.5であり、さらに好ましくは0.03~0.4、特に好ましくは0.05~0.35、最も好ましくは0.07~0.30である。微粒子付着中空粒子の真比重が0.01より小さい場合は、耐久性が不足することがある。一方、微粒子付着中空粒子の真比重が0.5より大きい場合は、低比重化効果が小さくなるため、微粒子付着中空粒子を用いて組成物を調製する際、その添加量が大きくなり、非経済的であることがある。
中空粒子の水分は、熱膨張性微小球の製造において使用される分散安定剤に由来するものと考えられる。分散安定剤は一般には吸湿性の無機化合物であり、熱膨張性微小球の製造後にその外表面に残存する場合には、中空粒子の水分も高くなる。中空粒子を含む接着剤組成物では、一般に、水分が高いとその硬化が局所的に促進されるという問題がある。
それに対して、本発明の中空粒子では、本発明の熱膨張性微小球から得られる。この熱膨張性微小球は、ケイ素の含有率、アルミニウムの含有率、ケイ素およびアルミニウムの合計の含有率がいずれも低く、吸湿性の無機化合物の量は少ない。このために、中空粒子の水分も低くなり、この中空粒子を含む接着剤組成物では安定的に高性能な物性が得られる。
本発明の組成物は、本発明の熱膨張性微小球、本発明の熱膨張性微小球の製造方法で得られる熱膨張性微小球、および、本発明の中空粒子から選ばれる少なくとも1種の粒状物と、基材成分とを含む。
基材成分としては特に限定はないが、たとえば、ゴム類;熱硬化性樹脂;熱可塑性樹脂;熱可塑性エラストマー;バイオプラスチック;変性シリコン系、ウレタン系、ポリサルファイド系、アクリル系、シリコン系、ポリイソブチレン系、ブチルゴム系等のシーリング材料;塗料成分;セメント等の無機物等が挙げられる。
本発明の組成物の用途としては、たとえば、成形用組成物、塗料組成物、粘土組成物、繊維組成物、接着剤組成物、粉体組成物等を挙げることができる。
接着剤組成物において配合される接着成分と中空粒子との重量比率(接着成分/中空粒子)については、特に限定はないが、好ましくは99.995/0.005~70/30、さらに好ましくは99.95/0.05~90/10である。接着成分/中空粒子が大きい場合、中空粒子の添加量が少なく軽量化の効果が薄れてしまう可能性がある。一方、接着成分/中空粒子が小さい場合、接着成分量が少なく接着剤組成物としての機能が著しく低下することがある。
本発明の成形物が接着剤組成物の硬化物の場合、硬度が低く、伸度が高いと好ましい。
以下の実施例および比較例で製造した熱膨張性微小球について、次に示す要領で物性を測定した。
東亜ディーケーケー(株)社製のpHメーター(品番HM-12P)を使用して、pHを測定する。
測定装置として、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(SYMPATEC社製のHEROS&RODOS)を使用し、湿式測定法により熱膨張性微小球を測定し体積平均径D50値を平均粒子径とする。
まず、乾燥後の熱膨張性微小球の含水率(CW)[%]を、カールフィッシャー水分計(MKA-510N型、京都電子工業株式会社製)を測定装置として用いて測定をする。ついで、乾燥後の熱膨張性微小球1.0(g)を直径80mm、深さ15mmのステンレス製蒸発皿に入れ、その重量W3(g)を測定する。アセトニトリルを30ml加え均一に分散させ、2時間室温で放置した後、110℃で2時間乾燥後の重量W4(g)を測定した。発泡剤の内包率CR2(重量%)は下記計算式(A)で算出される。
CR2=((W3-W4)/1.0)×100-CW (A)
熱膨張性微小球の内包化率Ce(%)は、発泡剤の理論内包率CR1(重量%)と、上記計算式(A)で求めた発泡剤の内包率CR2(重量%)とから下記計算式(B)で算出される。
Ce(重量%)=(CR2/CR1)×100 (B)
理論内包率CR1は、重合工程において仕込んだ発泡剤W1(g)および油性混合物W2(g)から下記計算式(C)で算出される。油性混合物は単量体成分を必須とし架橋剤を含むことはある重合性成分と発泡剤とを含む混合物である。
CR1=(W1/W2)×100 (C)
熱膨張性微小球の内包化率Ceが、90重量%以上を合格(○)とし、90重量%未満を不合格(×)とする。
重合工程後に得られる熱膨張性微小球を含む水性分散媒W6(g)を用意し、この水性分散媒を関西金網製ふるい分け金網(目開き200μm)に通過させ、ふるいを通過した水性分散媒W5(g)を測定した。水性分散媒のふるい通過率Y(重量%)は、W5(g)およびW6(g)から、下記計算式(D)で算出される。
Y(重量%)=(W5/W6)×100 (D)
ふるい通過率Y(重量%)から、以下の判断基準で製造安定性評価を評価する。
×:Y<50重量%
△:50重量%≦Y<90重量%
○:Y≧90重量%
乾燥した熱膨張性微小球およびEVA系バインダーを準備し、熱膨張性微小球:EVA系バインダー=1:9(固形分比)となるようにそれぞれを混合する。得られた混合物を約0.2mmの厚みになるように上質紙に塗工し、風乾して、塗膜の厚みD1(mm)を測定する。その後、塗工した紙に対して、オーブン中で所定のそれぞれの温度および時間(170℃×2min、180℃×2min、190℃×2min)で加熱処理を行い、加熱後の塗膜厚みD2(mm)を測定する。膨張倍率Rexは、D1(mm)およびD2(mm)から下記計算式(E)で算出される。
Rex=D2/D1 (E)
乾燥した熱膨張性微小球Wp(g)をるつぼに入れ、電熱器にて加熱を行い、700℃で30分間強熱して灰化させ、得られた灰化物Wq(g)を重量測定する。熱膨張性微小球の灰分CA(重量%)は、Wp(g)およびWq(g)から下記計算式(F)で算出される。
CA(重量%)=(Wq/Wp)×100 (F)
測定装置としてDMA(DMA Q800型、TA instruments社製)を使用した。熱膨張性微小球0.5mgを直径6.0mm(内径5.65mm)、深さ4.8mmのアルミカップに入れ、熱膨張性微小球層の上部にアルミ蓋(5.6mm、厚み0.1mm)をのせて試料を準備する。その試料に上から加圧子により0.01Nの力を加えた状態でサンプル高さを測定する。加圧0.01Nの力を加えた状態で、20℃から300℃まで10℃/minの昇温速度で加熱し、加圧子の垂直方向における変位量を測定する。正方向への変位開始温度を膨張開始温度(Ts)とし最大変位量を示した時の温度を最大膨張温度(Tmax)とする。
TsおよびTmaxの平均を計算し、Tavと定義する。
測定装置として、TG-DTA(リガク社製、示差型示差熱天秤TG8120)を使用する。熱膨張性微小球Wr(g)を外径5.2mmのアルミニウム製パンに入れ、20℃から80℃までは10℃/minの昇温速度で加熱し、熱膨張性微小球に含まれる水分を除去するため、80℃で30min保持して重量変化が恒常的であることを確認する。80℃から300℃までは昇温速度10℃/minまで加熱し、Tav(℃)での重量Ws(g)を測定する。
熱膨張性微小球中より放出した発泡剤の量CR3(重量%)を下記計算式(G)より算出し、発泡剤保持率Rh(%)を下記計算式(H)より算出する。
Rh(%)から以下の判断基準で加熱膨張時の発泡剤保持率を評価する。
((Wr-Ws)/Wr×100)-CW=CR3 (G)
Rh=(CR2-CR3)/CR2 (H)
×:Rh<70 %
○:Rh≧70 %
エタノールと水を95:5の割合で均一溶液を調製し水酸化カリウムを溶解させアルカリ分解液を調製する。熱膨張性微小球1.0gにアルカリ分解液10mLを加え、電気ヒーターにより380℃で30分間以上加熱後、着火し炭化、電気炉にて灰化させる。その後、灰化させた試料に炭酸ナトリウムおよび炭酸カリウムを等量で混合した試薬0.5gを添加し溶融、冷却後、超純水により50mlにメスアップして試料を調製する。得られた試料中のケイ素含有量をICP発光分析装置(島津製作所社製、ICP-8100)により測定し、その測定結果から、熱膨張性微小球に含まれるケイ素の含有率を算出する。
熱膨張性微小球1.0gにN,N-ジメチルホルムアミド10mlを添加し溶解させ、電熱ヒーターで炭化させる。得られた炭化物に有害金属分析測定用硫酸を4ml加え、電熱ヒーターで酸分解を行い、電気炉にて500~780℃で灰化させ冷却後、有害金属分析測定用硝酸0.5ml、超純水を加え50mlにメスアップして試料を調製する。得られた試料中のアルミニウム含有率およびマグネシウム含有率を、上記ケイ素含有率と同様にして算出する。
中空粒子の真比重は、以下の測定方法で測定する。まず、真比重は環境温度25℃、相対湿度50%の雰囲気下においてイソプロピルアルコールを用いた液浸法(アルキメデス法)により測定する。
具体的には、容量100ccのメスフラスコを空にし、乾燥後、メスフラスコ重量(WB1)を秤量した。秤量したメスフラスコにイソプロピルアルコールをメニスカスまで正確に満たした後、イソプロピルアルコール100ccの充満されたメスフラスコの重量(WB2)を秤量する。また、容量100ccのメスフラスコを空にし、乾燥後、メスフラスコ重量(WS1)を秤量した。秤量したメスフラスコに約50ccの粒子を充填し、中空粒子の充填されたメスフラスコの重量(WS2)を秤量する。そして、粒子の充填されたメスフラスコに、イソプロピルアルコールを気泡が入らないようにメニスカスまで正確に満たした後の重量(WS3)を秤量する。そして、得られたWB1、WB2、WS1、WS2およびWS3を下式に導入して、中空粒子の真比重(d)を計算する。
d={(WS2-WS1)×(WB2-WB1)/100}/{(WB2-WB1)-(WS3-WS2)}
接着剤組成物を幅10mm、長さ60mm、厚み3mmに調整し、これを23℃、50℃%RHの条件下で14日間、さらに30℃、50℃%RHの条件下で14日間養生しすることで、接着剤組成物の硬化物からなる試験体を作製する。
接着剤組成物の硬化物の引張試験は23℃の室内中で試験体の10mmを伸びしろとして残すように挟み込み、引張速度50mm/min、ロードセル100kgfの条件下でテンシロン試験機(UTM-III-100、TOYO BALDMIN株式会社製)にて実施し、硬度(最大荷重値)および伸度(最大荷重時の試料長さ)を測定する。
接着剤組成物の硬化物に対する合否判定は、その硬度および伸度の測定結果で判定し、その評価基準は以下のとおりである。
硬度は、接着成分として2液タイプのポリウレタン接着成分を用いた場合は13.5N以下を「良」、13.5Nを超えた場合を「不良」とする。一方、2液タイプの変性シリコーン接着成分を用いた場合は13.0N以下を「良」、13.0Nを超えた場合を「不良」とする。
ポリウレタン接着成分の場合で115mm以上を満たさないとき、変性シリコーン接着成分の場合で100mm以上を満たさないときは、接着剤組成物の特徴であるゴム弾性が失われたことを示す。
硬度および伸度についてどちらも「良」の場合は○、1つでも「不良」がある場合は×と評価する。
イオン交換水850部に、塩化マグネシウム・六水和物45部およびN-ラウリル-N,N-ビス(POE(2))アミノ酢酸ベタイン水溶液(濃度2重量%)1部を加えた後、pHが9~10.5程度になるよう水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(濃度50重量%)32部を徐々に滴下し、微粒子状の水酸化マグネシウム12部を含有する水性分散媒を調製した。なお、水性分散媒に含まれる水は891部であり、以下に示す実施例および比較例においても水が891部になるように水性分散媒を調製した。微粒子状の水酸化マグネシウムは水性分散媒中でコロイド状態にあった。
アクリロニトリル170部、メタクリロニトリル70部、エチレングリコールジメタクレート1部、2,2’-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル1.5部、イソペンタン60部を混合、溶解し油性混合物とした。
重合工程後、熱膨張性微小球を含む水性分散媒Aに硫酸水溶液(濃度66重量%)を加え、水性分散媒AのpHを4に低下させてpH低下処理工程を行った。pH低下処理後の水性分散媒Aを吸引濾過し、熱膨張性微小球の含有率が60重量%である含液ケーキが得られた。この熱膨張性微小球276部を含んだ含液ケーキに35℃のイオン交換水1000部をシャワーリングすることにより水洗工程を行い、濾過、乾燥して熱膨張性微小球を得た。得られた熱膨張性微小球の物性評価結果を表1に示す。
灰分は主に微粒子状の水酸化マグネシウムに由来すると考えられるので、以上の結果から、重合工程後にpH低下処理工程(さらにその後の水洗工程)を行うことによって、熱膨張性微小球の表面に付着した金属化合物である水酸化マグネシウムを除去できたことが分かる。また、水性分散媒AのpHを8以下にすることによって、水酸化マグネシウムの除去をより完全に行うことができた。
実施例2~11では、実施例1において、分散安定剤および補助安定剤の種類や量等の反応条件をそれぞれ表1に示すように変更する以外は実施例1と同様に、重合工程、pH低下処理工程および水洗工程を行って熱膨張性微小球を得た。得られた熱膨張性微小球について物性評価を行い、それぞれの結果も表1に示す。
また、pH低下処理工程(処理後のpHは4)および水洗工程後に得られた熱膨張性微小球の灰分は、いずれも0%であった。
比較例1~12では、実施例1において、分散安定剤および補助安定剤の種類や量、水性分散媒のpH等の反応条件をそれぞれ表2に示すように変更する以外は実施例1と同様に重合工程を行い、熱膨張性微小球を調製した。
比較例10では、水性分散媒の調製時に水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(濃度50重量%)32部を添加しなかった。また、比較例10では、実施例や他の比較例とは異なり、微粒子状の水酸化マグネシウム等の分散安定剤を使用せず、その代わりに水溶性金属塩である塩化マグネシウム・六水和物45部を使用して重合を行った。
比較例6、11および12では、重合工程後にpH低下処理工程および水洗工程を実施せずに熱膨張性微小球を得た。比較例6の灰分は2.8%、比較例11の灰分は6.2%、比較例12の灰分は6.8%であった。
それぞれの結果も表2に示す。
比較例2~5、および9では、灰分はいずれも0%である熱膨張性微小球を得ることができたが、発泡剤の内包化率が低く、TsおよびTmaxの平均温度であるTavでの発泡剤保持率が低かった。それぞれの結果も表2に示す。
比較例6、11および12では、発泡剤の内包化率が低く、Tavでの発泡剤保持率も低かった。
実施例10で得られた熱膨張性微小球20部、炭酸カルシウム80部(ホワイトンSBアカ、備北粉化工業社)をセパラブルフラスコに添加し、攪拌しながら5分かけて150℃まで加熱した後、冷却し60メッシュの篩にかけ平均粒子径40μm、真比重0.12の微粒子付着中空粒子Aを得た。
イソシアネートからなる基材およびポリオールからなる硬化剤の組み合わせから構成される2液タイプのポリウレタン接着成分(ボンドUPシールグレー、コニシ製)を準備した。次いで、80部の硬化剤に対して、4.3部の微粒子付着中空粒子Aを加えて万能混合機(5DMr、品川工業所社)にて20分間攪拌混合した。得られた混合物をコンディショニングミキサー(株式会社シンキー社、AR-360)にて、攪拌脱泡することで接着剤組成物を製造した。この接着剤組成物を上記条件で硬化させた硬化物に対して引張試験を行い、硬度および伸度を測定した。得られた結果を表3に示す。
変性シリコーンからなる基材および硬化剤の組合せから構成される2液タイプの変性シリコーン接着成分(ボンドMSシール、コニシ製)を準備した。次いで、100部の基材に対して、2.4部の実施例A1で得られた微粒子付着中空粒子Aを加えて万能混合機にて20分間攪拌混合した後、硬化剤8部を配合してさらに20分間攪拌混合した。得られた混合物をコンディショニングミキサーにて、攪拌脱泡することで接着剤組成物を製造した。この接着剤組成物を上記条件で硬化させた硬化物に対して引張試験を行い、硬度および伸度を測定した。得られた結果を表3に示す。
実施例A1で、実施例10で得られた熱膨張性微小球の代わりに、比較例11で得られた熱膨張性微小球を用いる以外は実施例A1と同様にして、平均粒子径43μm、真比重0.11の微粒子付着中空粒子Bを得た。
次に、実施例A1で、微粒子付着中空粒子Aの代わりに微粒子付着中空粒子Bを用いる以外は実施例A1と同様にして、接着剤組成物を製造し、その硬化物の硬度および伸度を測定した。得られた結果を表3に示す。
実施例A2で、微粒子付着中空粒子Aの代わりに微粒子付着中空粒子Bを用いる以外は実施例A2と同様にして、接着剤組成物を製造し、その硬化物の硬度および伸度を測定した。得られた結果を表3に示す。
実施例A1で、実施例10で得られた熱膨張性微小球の代わりに、比較例12で得られた熱膨張性微小球を用いる以外は実施例A1と同様にして、平均粒子径39μm、真比重0.12の微粒子付着中空粒子Cを得た。
次に、実施例A1で、微粒子付着中空粒子Aの代わりに微粒子付着中空粒子Cを用いる以外は実施例A1と同様にして、接着剤組成物を製造し、その硬化物の硬度および伸度を測定した。得られた結果を表3に示す。
実施例A2で、微粒子付着中空粒子Aの代わりに微粒子付着中空粒子Cを用いる以外は実施例A2と同様にして、接着剤組成物を製造し、その硬化物の硬度および伸度を測定した。得られた結果を表3に示す。
12 発泡剤
1 中空粒子(微粒子付着中空粒子)
2 外殻
3 中空部
4 微粒子(吸着された状態)
5 微粒子(めり込み、固定化された状態)
Claims (16)
- 熱可塑性樹脂からなる外殻とそれに内包される発泡剤とを必須として構成される熱膨張性微小球であって、
ケイ素の含有率が500ppm以下であり、
アルミニウムの含有率が350ppm以下であり、
ケイ素およびアルミニウムの合計の含有率が600ppm以下であり、
前記熱膨張性微小球の膨張開始温度および最大膨張温度の平均温度における発泡剤保持率が70%以上である、
熱膨張性微小球。 - マグネシウムの含有率が20000ppm以下であり、灰分が3.0重量%以下である、請求項1に記載の熱膨張性微小球。
- 熱可塑性樹脂からなる外殻とそれに内包される発泡剤とを必須として構成される熱膨張性微小球の製造方法であって、
微粒子状の金属化合物および両性界面活性剤を含有し中性または塩基性の水性分散媒中に、重合性成分と前記発泡剤とを分散させ、前記重合性成分を重合させる工程を含む、
熱膨張性微小球の製造方法。 - 前記微粒子状の金属化合物がコロイド状態にある、請求項3に記載の熱膨張性微小球の製造方法。
- 前記水性分散媒のpHが7~12である、請求項3または4に記載の熱膨張性微小球の製造方法。
- 前記金属化合物中の金属がアルカリ土類金属である、請求項3~5のいずれかに記載の熱膨張性微小球の製造方法。
- 前記両性界面活性剤がベタイン型両性界面活性剤である、請求項3~6のいずれかに記載の熱膨張性微小球の製造方法。
- 前記熱膨張性微小球において、前記発泡剤の内包化率が90%以上である、請求項3~7のいずれかに記載の熱膨張性微小球の製造方法。
- 前記重合性成分が、ニトリル系単量体、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系単量体、カルボキシル基含有単量体、スチレン系単量体、酢酸ビニル、アクリルアミド系単量体、マレイミド系単量体および塩化ビニリデンから選ばれた少なくとも1種を含む、請求項3~8のいずれかに記載の熱膨張性微小球の製造方法。
- 前記重合工程で得られた熱膨張性微小球に対してpH低下処理を行う工程をさらに含む、請求項3~9のいずれかに記載の熱膨張性微小球の製造方法。
- 前記重合工程またはpH低下処理で得られた熱膨張性微小球に対して水洗する工程をさらに含む、請求項3~10のいずれかに記載の熱膨張性微小球の製造方法。
- 請求項1または2に記載の熱膨張性微小球および/または請求項3~11のいずれかに記載の熱膨張性微小球の製造方法で得られる熱膨張性微小球を加熱膨張させて得られる、中空粒子。
- 外表面に微粒子をさらに付着してなる、請求項12記載の中空粒子。
- 請求項1または2に記載の熱膨張性微小球、請求項3~11のいずれかに記載の熱膨張性微小球の製造方法で得られる熱膨張性微小球、および、請求項12または13に記載の中空粒子から選ばれる少なくとも1種の粒状物と、基材成分とを含む、組成物。
- 接着剤組成物である、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 請求項14または15に記載の組成物を成形してなる、成形物。
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| EP (1) | EP2808348B1 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JP5438246B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101987757B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN104053681B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2013111688A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2808348A4 (en) | 2016-01-13 |
| JPWO2013111688A1 (ja) | 2015-05-11 |
| JP2013173945A (ja) | 2013-09-05 |
| JP5438246B2 (ja) | 2014-03-12 |
| KR101987757B1 (ko) | 2019-06-11 |
| CN104053681B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
| EP2808348B1 (en) | 2019-10-09 |
| US9663626B2 (en) | 2017-05-30 |
| JP5406400B2 (ja) | 2014-02-05 |
| CN104053681A (zh) | 2014-09-17 |
| KR20140125800A (ko) | 2014-10-29 |
| US20140364521A1 (en) | 2014-12-11 |
| EP2808348A1 (en) | 2014-12-03 |
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