WO2013176016A1 - トナー用バインダー樹脂及びトナー - Google Patents
トナー用バインダー樹脂及びトナー Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013176016A1 WO2013176016A1 PCT/JP2013/063541 JP2013063541W WO2013176016A1 WO 2013176016 A1 WO2013176016 A1 WO 2013176016A1 JP 2013063541 W JP2013063541 W JP 2013063541W WO 2013176016 A1 WO2013176016 A1 WO 2013176016A1
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- toner
- molecular weight
- vinyl resin
- resin
- mass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/62—Polymers of compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G81/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
- C08K5/098—Metal salts of carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L25/00—Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08L25/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
- C08L25/08—Copolymers of styrene
- C08L25/14—Copolymers of styrene with unsaturated esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen atoms in addition to the carboxy oxygen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/0802—Preparation methods
- G03G9/081—Preparation methods by mixing the toner components in a liquefied state; melt kneading; reactive mixing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08704—Polyalkenes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/0874—Polymers comprising hetero rings in the side chains
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/09—Colouring agents for toner particles
- G03G9/0902—Inorganic compounds
- G03G9/0904—Carbon black
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
- G03G9/09783—Organo-metallic compounds
- G03G9/09791—Metallic soaps of higher carboxylic acids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a binder resin for toner and toner.
- electrophotography in a PPC (Plain Paper Copy) copier or printer that transfers a toner image formed on a photoreceptor onto a recording paper is performed in the following procedure.
- an electrostatic latent image is formed on the photoconductor.
- the latent image is developed using toner, and after the toner image is transferred onto a fixing sheet such as paper, it is heat-fixed with a heat roll or film.
- fixing is performed under heating in a state where the heat roll or film and the toner on the fixing sheet are in direct contact with each other, so that the method is quick and the thermal efficiency is very good. Therefore, the fixing efficiency is very good.
- Patent Documents 1 to 7 In order to obtain a toner with an excellent balance of fixability, offset resistance, durability and toner productivity, a binder resin in which a high molecular weight resin and a low molecular weight resin are mixed and a high molecular weight portion is crosslinked is known.
- Patent Documents 1 to 7 a binder resin in which a high molecular weight resin and a low molecular weight resin are mixed and a high molecular weight portion is crosslinked.
- Patent Documents 1 to 7 cannot obtain a sufficient balance of fixing property, offset resistance, durability and toner productivity.
- the present invention solves such problems of conventional toners, and provides a binder resin for toner and a toner excellent in the balance of fixability, offset resistance, durability and toner productivity. .
- the present invention includes the following inventions.
- n is an integer of 11 to 22
- m is 2
- M is a metal atom selected from Zn and Ca.
- C The carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) has a high molecular weight having a peak in the region of molecular weight 2.5 ⁇ 10 4 or more and 1.2 ⁇ 10 5 or less in the molecular weight distribution of tetrahydrofuran-soluble matter measured by gel permeation chromatography.
- M fatty acid metal salt
- the mass ratio (H / L) of the high molecular weight vinyl resin (H) to the low molecular weight vinyl resin (L) in the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) is 55/45 to 85/15.
- Mw / Mn molecular weight distribution
- the minimum value of the storage elastic modulus (G ′) at 150 to 200 ° C. is 0.2 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or more and 2.0 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or less.
- a toner comprising the toner binder resin according to any one of [1] to [5] and a colorant.
- Fatty acid metal salt (M) represented by the following general formula (1):
- n is an integer of 11 to 22, m is 2, and M is a metal atom selected from Zn and Ca.
- H high molecular weight vinyl resin
- C carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin
- L low molecular weight vinyl resin
- E A method for producing a binder resin for a toner, comprising a step of performing a crosslinking reaction by melt-kneading a glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E).
- a binder resin for a toner and a toner which are excellent in the balance of fixability, offset resistance, durability and toner productivity.
- polymerization is sometimes used in the meaning of copolymerization
- polymer is sometimes used in the meaning of copolymer.
- ⁇ represents that an upper limit value and a lower limit value are included unless otherwise specified.
- GPC is gel permeation chromatography, and the measurement conditions include the following.
- GPC device SHODEX (registered trademark) GPC SYSTEM-21 (manufactured by Showa Denko KK)
- Detector SHODEX (registered trademark) RI SE-31 (manufactured by Showa Denko KK)
- Column One SHODEX (registered trademark) GPC KF-G, three GPC KF-807L, and one GPC KF-800D (manufactured by Showa Denko KK) are connected in series in this order.
- Solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF) Flow rate: 1.2 ml / min
- Sample concentration 0.002 g-resin / ml-THF
- Injection volume 100 ⁇ L
- peak refers to the main peak.
- the binder resin for toner of the present invention contains a carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C), a glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E), a reaction product thereof, and a fatty acid metal salt (M).
- the binder resin for toner of the present invention is formed by the reaction product of a carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and a glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) in the presence of a fatty acid metal salt (M).
- the fatty acid metal salt (M) represented by the general formula (1) is contained.
- the fatty acid metal salt (M) is dispersed in at least the binder resin for toner and does not aim at the sliding effect, and therefore segregates on the surface layer of the toner like the fatty acid metal salt contained in the lubricant external additive. Not.
- n is an integer of 11 to 22
- m is 2
- M is a metal atom selected from Zn and Ca.
- the fatty acid metal salt (M) functions as a catalyst in the reaction between the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E), whereby the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and the glycidyl group are used as reactants. A crosslinked product with the vinyl resin (E) can be obtained. Since the fatty acid metal salt (M) is a catalyst and remains without change in the crosslinking reaction, the binder resin of the present invention contains the fatty acid metal salt (M).
- the fatty acid metal salt (M) according to the present invention is present in the binder resin for toner. That is, in the case of a binder resin for toner, it can be confirmed by performing a scanning electron microscope (SEM) / X-ray microanalyzer (XMA) mapping analysis at a magnification of 1000 to 5000 after trimming and surface exposure. In the case of the toner, the toner can be first embedded in an epoxy resin and then confirmed by the same operation as that for the binder resin. On the other hand, the fact that the metal contained in the external additive is segregated on the toner surface layer can be confirmed by performing a scanning electron microscope (SEM) / X-ray microanalyzer (XMA) mapping analysis.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- XMA X-ray microanalyzer
- the fatty acid metal salt (M) includes, for example, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, Zn salt of behenic acid, Ca salt, etc., particularly preferably zinc stearate and calcium stearate.
- the content of the fatty acid metal salt (M) is 100 parts by mass in total of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) from the viewpoint of a balance between offset resistance and durability. On the other hand, it is preferably 0.001 to 3 parts by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 2 parts by mass, and still more preferably 0.1 to 1 part by mass.
- the fatty acid metal salt (M) acts as a catalyst in the reaction between the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E).
- the high molecular weight vinyl resin (H) of the present invention has a molecular weight peak on the lower molecular weight side than before, the rate of formation of a crosslinked product by a crosslinking reaction is slow, and the rate of increase in viscosity is slow. Therefore, the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) react with each other in the presence of the fatty acid metal salt (M) acting as a reaction catalyst, so that the binder resin for toner has an appropriate viscosity. Can be adjusted.
- the content of the fatty acid metal salt (M) is 0.001 part by mass or more, the reaction between the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) is improved, and the viscosity of the binder resin is increased. Further, the offset resistance can be further improved. Further, when the content of the fatty acid metal salt (M) is 3 parts by mass or less, a toner excellent in storage stability and durability can be obtained.
- the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) can react with the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) in the presence of the fatty acid metal salt (M)
- the fatty acid metal salt (M) can be converted at any stage of the toner binder resin production process. It may be added.
- the fatty acid metal salt (M) may be added during the production of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C), or may be added during the reaction of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) described later. In addition, these addition methods can be combined. Further, it can be added during the production of the binder resin, and further added during the production of the toner.
- the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) is a high molecular weight vinyl resin (H) having a peak in the region of a molecular weight of 2.5 ⁇ 10 4 or more and 1.2 ⁇ 10 5 or less in the molecular weight distribution of THF-soluble matter measured by GPC. And a low molecular weight vinyl resin (L) having a peak in the region of a molecular weight of 2 ⁇ 10 3 or more and 2 ⁇ 10 4 or less in the molecular weight distribution of THF-soluble matter measured by GPC.
- the mass ratio (H / L) of the high molecular weight vinyl resin (H) to the low molecular weight vinyl resin (L) is preferably 55/45 to 85/15.
- the ratio (H / L) is more preferably 60/40 to 80/20, still more preferably 60/40 to 75/25, from the viewpoint of the overall balance of the fixing property, offset resistance, and durability.
- the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) preferably has a molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of 6 or more and 15 or less. By setting it within this range, it is possible to obtain a toner that is more excellent in terms of the balance of fixing property, offset resistance, and productivity.
- carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) As monomers constituting the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C), in addition to the carboxyl group-containing monomers, styrene monomers and acrylic monomers (methacrylic monomers are also included. ).
- examples of the styrenic monomer used in the present invention include styrene, p-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, o-methylstyrene, p-methoxystyrene, p-phenylstyrene, and p-chlorostyrene.
- acrylic monomer used in the present invention examples include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, and acrylic acid.
- Acrylic esters such as furfuryl, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, dimethylaminomethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, Cyclohexyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, furfuryl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate, dimethyl methacrylate Ruaminomechiru, methacrylic acid esters such as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-substituted acrylamides, amides such as N-substituted methacrylamides, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, and the like.
- acrylates, methacrylates, acrylonitrile, and methacrylonitrile are preferable, and butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, and hydroxyethyl acrylate are more preferable.
- diesters of unsaturated dibasic acids such as dimethyl fumarate, dibutyl fumarate, dioctyl fumarate, dimethyl maleate, dibutyl maleate and dioctyl maleate are also used as monomers. can do.
- Examples of the carboxyl group-containing monomer in the present invention include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic anhydride, maleic acid, fumaric acid, cinnamic acid, methyl fumarate, ethyl fumarate, propyl fumarate, butyl fumarate and fumarate. And monoesters of unsaturated dibasic acids such as octyl acid, methyl maleate, ethyl maleate, propyl maleate, butyl maleate and octyl maleate.
- Acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, fumaric acid, methyl fumarate, ethyl fumarate, propyl fumarate, butyl fumarate and octyl fumarate are preferred, and acrylic acid and methacrylic acid are particularly preferred.
- a polyfunctional monomer having two or more double bonds may be used as a monomer, if necessary.
- aromatic divinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene and divinylnaphthalene, ethylene glycol diacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,5-pentanediol diacrylate, 1,6- Hexanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, polyoxyethylene (2) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane diacrylate, poly Diacrylate compounds such as oxyethylene (4) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane diacrylate, and methacrylate compounds thereof, pentaerythritol Lumpur triacrylate, trimethylolethane triacrylate,
- polyfunctional monomers When these polyfunctional monomers are used, it is preferably 0.5% by mass or less with respect to 100% by mass of other monomers of the vinyl resin containing a carboxyl group. By setting the amount to 0.5% by mass or less, a crosslinked product formed by a reaction between a carboxyl group and a glycidyl group, which will be described later, becomes difficult to be cut during toner production.
- carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) as a method for producing the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C), known polymerization methods such as solution polymerization, bulk polymerization, suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, and combinations thereof can be employed.
- Solution polymerization is preferably employed from the viewpoint of the compatibility of the high molecular weight vinyl resin (H) and the low molecular weight vinyl resin (L), which will be described later, and the ease of adjusting the distribution of carboxyl groups and glycidyl groups.
- the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) of the present invention is obtained by polymerizing a high molecular weight vinyl resin (H) and a low molecular weight vinyl resin (L) separately in advance and mixing them in a molten state or a solution state. Can do. Moreover, after polymerizing one of the high molecular weight vinyl resin (H) or the low molecular weight vinyl resin (L) alone, the other vinyl resin can be polymerized in the presence of the vinyl resin.
- solvent used for the solution polymerization examples include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, cumene, and the like. These alone or a mixture thereof are used, preferably xylene.
- Polymerization may be performed using a polymerization initiator, or so-called thermal polymerization may be performed without using a polymerization initiator.
- a polymerization initiator what can be normally used as a radical polymerization initiator can be used.
- Hydroperoxides di-t-butyl peroxide, t-butylcumyl peroxide, di-cumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexane, ⁇ , ⁇ ' -Dialkyl peroxides such as bis (t-butylperoxyisopropyl) benzene, isobutyryl peroxide, octanoyl peroxide, decanoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl peroxide, benzoyl Peroxide, m-torr Diacyl peroxides such as oil peroxide, di-isopropyl peroxydicarbonate, di-2-ethylhexyl peroxydicarbonate, di-n-propyl peroxydicarbonate, di-2-ethoxyethyl peroxydicarbonate, di- -Per
- the type and amount of the polymerization initiator can be appropriately selected and used depending on the reaction temperature, monomer concentration, etc., and usually 0.01 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the monomer used.
- the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) is a block copolymer comprising a block composed of a chain of structural units derived from ethylene hydrocarbon and / or conjugated diene hydrocarbon, and a block composed of a chain derived from styrene, and these You may further contain at least 1 type selected from the hydrogenated block copolymer which is a hydrogenated substance of this.
- the content of these block copolymers and hydrogenated block copolymers is preferably 0.05 parts by mass or more and 1.5 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C). More preferably, it is 0.1 part by mass or more and 1.0 part by mass or less.
- the release agent can be dispersed in the binder resin without impairing the toner storage stability and fluidity. This makes it easy to obtain a toner with excellent resistance to photoconductor contamination.
- the production method is not limited, and those produced by other conventionally known production methods may be used.
- some of the above block copolymers have unsaturated double bonds. These may be used as a hydrogenated product by reacting an unsaturated double bond with hydrogen by a known method.
- block copolymer commercially available Kraton (Clayton Polymer Co., Ltd.) (styrene-ethylene / butylene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS), styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer, styrene-isoprene- Styrene block copolymer, styrene-ethylene / propylene-styrene block copolymer, styrene-ethylene / propylene block copolymer), Kuraray Septon (styrene-ethylene / propylene block copolymer, styrene) -Hydrogenated product of isoprene-based block copolymer), Tufprene (styrene-butadiene-based block copolymer) manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation, and the like.
- SEBS styrene-ethylene / butylene-st
- the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) preferably has an acid value of 5 to 30 mgKOH / g. More preferably, it is 10 to 25 mgKOH / g, and still more preferably 15 to 20 mgKOH / g.
- the acid value is 5 mgKOH / g or more, the reaction with the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) described later proceeds satisfactorily, and as a result, a toner having further excellent offset resistance can be obtained.
- the acid value is 30 mgKOH / g or less, the carboxyl group-containing monomer is less likely to be unevenly distributed in the resin, and the composition in the resin is less likely to be uneven. As a result, the toner is more excellent in durability.
- the acid value is the number of mg of potassium hydroxide necessary to neutralize 1 g of the resin.
- the high molecular weight vinyl resin (H) preferably has a peak in a region having a molecular weight of 2.5 ⁇ 10 4 or more and 1.2 ⁇ 10 5 or less in a molecular weight distribution in which a THF soluble component is measured by GPC. More preferably, it has a peak at 3 ⁇ 10 4 or more and 1 ⁇ 10 5 or less in order to realize a good balance of fixing property, offset resistance and durability.
- the peak molecular weight to 2.5 ⁇ 10 4 or more, the strength of the resin can be improved, and a toner having superior durability can be obtained.
- the high molecular weight vinyl resin (H) preferably has an acid value (AVH) of 15 to 35 mgKOH / g, more preferably 19 to 27 mgKOH / g in terms of toner fixing property and offset resistance.
- AAVH acid value
- the acid value is 15 mgKOH / g or more, the toner easily reacts with a glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin, which will be described later, and a toner excellent in offset resistance can be obtained.
- the acid value is 35 mgKOH / g or less, excessive crosslinking reaction with the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin is suppressed, and as a result, the loss elastic modulus in the fixing temperature range of the toner becomes appropriate, and the toner has excellent fixing properties. It can be.
- the high molecular weight vinyl resin (H) is not necessarily a single polymer, and two or more high molecular weight vinyl resins may be used. In that case, it is preferable that the high molecular weight vinyl resin (H) as a whole satisfies the above characteristics. Moreover, when producing
- the low molecular weight vinyl resin (L) preferably has a peak at a molecular weight of 2 ⁇ 10 3 or more and 2 ⁇ 10 4 or less in a molecular weight distribution in which the THF soluble component is measured by GPC. From the viewpoint of toner productivity, it is more preferable to have a peak at a molecular weight of 4 ⁇ 10 3 to 1.6 ⁇ 10 4 . By setting the peak molecular weight to 2 ⁇ 10 3 or more, a toner having excellent durability can be obtained. By setting the peak molecular weight to 2 ⁇ 10 4 or less, it is possible to obtain a toner that is more excellent in fixability and productivity.
- the low molecular weight vinyl resin (L) preferably has an acid value (AVL) of 1 to 10 mgKOH / g, more preferably 2 to 8 mgKOH / g, in order to exhibit excellent fixing performance and anti-offset performance. .
- ADL acid value
- the acid value (AVL) is 1 mgKOH / g or more, the compatibility with the high molecular weight vinyl resin (H) is improved, and the toner is further excellent in durability and offset resistance, and is 10 mgKOH / g or less.
- the high molecular weight of the low molecular weight vinyl resin (L) itself can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a toner excellent in the balance between offset resistance and fixing ability.
- the low molecular weight vinyl resin (L) is not necessarily a single polymer, and two or more kinds of low molecular weight vinyl resins may be used. In that case, it is preferable that the low molecular weight vinyl resin (L) as a whole satisfies the above-described characteristics. Moreover, when producing
- the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) in the present invention includes at least one styrene monomer and acrylic monomer (including a methacrylic monomer), and at least one glycidyl group-containing monomer. Can be obtained by using a known polymerization method.
- the monomers exemplified in the description of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) are preferable.
- glycidyl group-containing monomer in the present invention glycidyl acrylate, ⁇ -methyl glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, ⁇ -methyl glycidyl methacrylate, etc. are preferable, preferably glycidyl methacrylate, ⁇ -methyl glycidyl methacrylate. It is.
- the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) preferably has a molecular weight distribution of 3 ⁇ 10 4 or more and 7 ⁇ 10 4 or less, more preferably 4 ⁇ 10 4 or more and 6 ⁇ 10 4 in the molecular weight distribution in which the THF soluble content is measured by GPC. It has a peak below.
- the epoxy value is preferably 0.003 to 0.100 Eq / 100 g, and more preferably 0.005 to 0.060 Eq / 100 g.
- the peak molecular weight and the epoxy value of the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) are equal to or higher than the above lower limit values, durability when used as a toner is improved, and image degradation does not occur due to toner destruction in long-term continuous printing. Development maintenance characteristics are improved.
- the reaction between the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) increases the molecular weight of the high molecular weight component and imparts appropriate elasticity to the binder resin. Performance will be even better.
- the binder resin By setting the peak molecular weight to 3 ⁇ 10 4 or more and the epoxy value to 0.003 or more, the binder resin can be imparted with appropriate elasticity, and a toner excellent in offset resistance can be obtained. Further, by setting the peak molecular weight to 7 ⁇ 10 4 or less and the epoxy value to 0.100 Eq / 100 g or less, it is possible to suppress excessive elasticity of the binder resin and to obtain a toner having excellent fixability.
- the epoxy value is the number of moles of epoxy groups present in 100 g of the resin, and the measurement can be performed according to JIS K-7236.
- the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) is not necessarily a single polymer, and two or more glycidyl group-containing vinyl resins may be used. In that case, it is preferable that the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) as a whole satisfies the above characteristics. Moreover, when producing
- the toner binder resin of the present invention contains a crosslinking component produced by a reaction between a carboxyl group derived from a carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and a glycidyl group derived from a glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E).
- a THF-insoluble component derived from The THF-insoluble component in the binder resin is preferably 10 to 40% by mass, more preferably 15 to 30% by mass, and still more preferably 20 to 25% by mass, with good fixability, offset resistance, durability, and toner. This is more preferable from the viewpoint of productivity balance.
- the THF-insoluble component 10% by mass or more, it is possible to obtain a toner excellent in offset resistance, and furthermore, a toner member such as a release agent, a charge control agent, a colorant, magnetic powder and the like of the present invention.
- a toner member such as a release agent, a charge control agent, a colorant, magnetic powder and the like of the present invention.
- the toner By making the THF-insoluble component 40% by mass or less, the toner has excellent fixing performance, prevents excessive separation between the low-molecular component and the crosslinked product, and further improves the offset resistance. Further, since the toner does not harden, the toner productivity can be improved.
- the toner binder resin of the present invention has a storage elastic modulus (G ′) minimum value (G ′ min ) in the temperature range of 150 ° C. to 200 ° C. of 0.2 ⁇ at a measurement frequency of 6.28 radians / second. It is preferably 10 4 to 2.0 ⁇ 10 4 Pa, and more preferably 0.4 ⁇ 10 4 to 1.5 ⁇ 10 4 Pa, from the viewpoint of a balance of fixing property, offset resistance and durability. Is more preferable.
- G ′ min storage elastic modulus
- G ′ min storage elastic modulus
- G ′ min storage elastic modulus
- G ′ min storage elastic modulus
- G ′ min storage elastic modulus
- G ′ min storage elastic modulus
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) measured by DSC of the binder resin of the present invention is preferably 45 ° C. or higher and 65 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 50 ° C. or higher and 60 ° C. or lower from the viewpoint of low temperature fixability and storage stability. .
- Tg glass transition temperature
- a preferred binder resin used in the present invention contains at least a carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and a glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E), and from the viewpoint of offset resistance, the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and glycidyl.
- the ratio (C / E) of the group-containing vinyl resin (E) is 87/15 to 99/1, preferably 90/10 to 97/5, in terms of mass ratio.
- the ratio of the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) is 1% by mass or more, an appropriate amount of a cross-linking component is generated by the reaction of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin and the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin. Toner can be made.
- a method of reacting the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) with the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E), at least in the presence of the fatty acid metal salt (M), the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and the glycidyl group-containing vinyl are used.
- a method of mixing and reacting the resin (E) in a molten state is preferable from the viewpoint of offset resistance and durability.
- Such a method can employ any conventionally known method, for example, a method in which both resins are charged in a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer and heated to react in a molten state, or a method in which a reaction is performed in the presence of a solvent to remove the solvent.
- a method using a biaxial kneader is preferred. Specifically, a method in which a carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C), a glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E), and a fatty acid metal salt (M) are mixed with a Henschel mixer, and then melt-kneaded and reacted using a biaxial kneader. Alternatively, a melted carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C), a glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E), and a fatty acid metal salt (M) are fed to a twin-screw kneader and melt-kneaded and reacted.
- the temperature during the melt-kneading and reaction varies depending on the functional group amount and molecular weight of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E), but is preferably 100 ° C to 220 ° C, more preferably 120 ° C to 200 ° C., more preferably in the range of 130 ° C. to 200 ° C.
- By setting the reaction temperature to 100 ° C. or higher it is possible to obtain a toner having excellent offset resistance by improving the formation of a cross-linked body and having an appropriate share of kneading and preventing the formed cross-linked body from being cut. it can.
- By setting the reaction temperature to 220 ° C.
- water and volatile components are removed by injecting water into the biaxial kneader from the inlet and reducing the pressure from the decompression port installed on the outlet side from the inlet. There is also a way to do it.
- water is sufficiently mixed with the resin, and volatile components such as monomers and solvents remaining in the resin when the pressure is reduced are easily removed.
- the resin thus obtained can be cooled and ground to form a binder resin for toner.
- Any conventionally known method can be adopted as the cooling and pulverizing method. Further, as a cooling method, it is possible to rapidly cool using a steel belt cooler or the like.
- [toner] Another aspect of the present invention is a toner comprising the toner binder resin described above and a colorant.
- pigments include mineral fast yellow, navel yellow, naphthol yellow S, hansa yellow G, permanent yellow NCG, tartrazine lake, molybdenum orange, permanent orange GTR, pyrazolone orange, benzidine orange G, permanent red 4R, and watching red calcium.
- Salt Eosin Lake, Brilliant Carmine 3B, Manganese Purple, Fast Violet B, Methyl Violet Lake, Cobalt Blue, Alkaline Blue Lake, Victoria Blue Lake, Phthalocyanine Blue, Fast Sky Blue, Indanthrene Blue BC, Chrome Green, Pigment Green B , Malachite green lake, final yellow green G and the like.
- the color pigment for magenta include C.I. I.
- Examples of the color pigment for cyan include C.I. I. Pigment Blue 2, 3, 15, 15: 1, 15: 2, 15: 3, 16, 17, C.I. I. Acid Blue 6, C.I.
- the color pigment for yellow include C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 65, 73, 74, 83, 93, 97, 155, 180, 185, C.I. I. Bat yellow 1, 3, 20 etc. are mentioned.
- the black pigment include carbon black such as furnace black, channel black, acetylene black, thermal black, and lamp black.
- Examples of the dye include C.I. I. Direct Red 1, C.I. I. Direct Red 4, C.I. I. Acid Red 1, C.I. I. Basic Red 1, C.I. I.
- the content of the colorant in the toner is preferably 0.05 to 20 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 15 parts by weight, and still more preferably 0.2 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. It is.
- a magnetic material can be used in place of these colorants.
- the magnetic material include metal oxides containing elements such as iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, magnesium, manganese, aluminum, and silicon. Specifically, iron tetroxide, iron sesquioxide, zinc iron oxide, Iron yttrium oxide, iron cadmium oxide, iron gadolinium oxide, copper iron oxide, lead iron oxide, nickel iron oxide, iron neodymium oxide, barium iron oxide, magnesium iron oxide, iron manganese oxide, iron lanthanum oxide, iron powder, cobalt powder, Nickel powder etc. are mentioned. These magnetic materials may be used in combination of two or more as required.
- the shape is preferably a sphere, octahedron, or hexahedron, and more preferably a sphere is used from the viewpoint of uniformly dispersing the magnetic powder in the toner.
- the BET specific surface area of the magnetic powder by the nitrogen adsorption method is preferably 1 to 30 m 2 / g, more preferably 2 to 20 m 2 / g, and the Mohs hardness is 4 to 8 It is preferable to use magnetic powder.
- the average particle size of the magnetic material is preferably 0.01 to 0.8 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.05 to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the magnetic properties of the magnetic material, coercivity 1 at 795.8 kA / m applied 20 kA / m, saturation magnetization of 50 - 200 Am 2 / kg, residual magnetization is preferably from 1 to 20 Am 2 / kg.
- the content of the magnetic substance is preferably 4 to 200 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 170 parts by mass, and still more preferably 20 to 150 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.
- the toner of the present invention may be used within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention as necessary, for example, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyester, polyvinyl butyral, polyurethane, polyamide, polystyrene, rosin, polymerized rosin, modified rosin, A terpene resin, a phenol resin, an aromatic petroleum resin, a vinyl chloride resin, a styrene-butadiene resin, a styrene- (meth) acrylic copolymer, a chroman-indene resin, a melamine resin, or the like may be partially added.
- a crystalline resin such as crystalline polyester having a melting point of 50 ° C. to 150 ° C. can be added.
- a method of dispersing a colorant in a binder resin or a raw material resin in advance to produce a so-called master batch and adding it to the toner may be performed.
- 20 to 60% by mass of a colorant and 80 to 40% by mass of a resin component are mixed in a powder state, and the resulting mixture is batch-type such as a twin-screw kneader, an open roll kneader, or a pressure kneader.
- a product kneaded with a kneader or the like and pulverized may be used at the time of toner production.
- the toner of the present invention preferably contains a release agent in order to develop good fixing performance and anti-offset performance.
- aliphatic carbonization such as low molecular weight polyethylene, low molecular weight polypropylene, polyolefin copolymer, polyolefin wax, paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, and Fischer-Tropsch wax.
- Hydrogen wax Oxides of aliphatic hydrocarbon waxes such as oxidized polyethylene wax; Plant waxes such as candelilla wax, carnauba wax, wood wax, rice wax, jojoba wax; beeswax, lanolin, whale wax Animal waxes; mineral waxes such as ozokerite, ceresin and petrolatum; waxes based on fatty acid esters such as montanic acid esters and castor wax; some fatty acid esters such as deoxidized carnauba wax Is a fully deoxidized wax; saturated linear fatty acids such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, montanic acid, or long-chain alkyl carboxylic acids having a long-chain alkyl group; brassic acid, eleostearic acid, parinaric acid Unsaturated fatty acids such as: stearyl alcohol, eicosyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, carnauvir alcohol, seryl alcohol, melyl alcohol, or saturated alcohols such as long
- wax which has functional groups such as a hydroxyl group, an ester group, and a carboxyl group
- lifted are mention
- These waxes include higher aliphatic hydrocarbons having one or more double bonds obtained by ethylene polymerization or olefination by pyrolysis of petroleum hydrocarbons, n-paraffin mixtures obtained from petroleum fractions, ethylene It can be obtained by liquid phase oxidation of a polyethylene wax obtained by a polymerization method or a higher aliphatic hydrocarbon obtained by a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis method with a molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of boric acid and boric anhydride. These release agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- these release agents are used for high molecular weight vinyl resin (H), low molecular weight vinyl resin (L), carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C), glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin. It can be added separately in the production process of (E), the reaction process of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E), or each process.
- a release agent is added to and mixed with the mixture of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and the solvent, and then the solvent is removed.
- the method of performing is also suitable. However, it is not limited to these addition methods, and it can be added by the above-described method or a combination thereof, and can be added at the time of toner production as necessary.
- content of a mold release agent is 1 mass part or more and 10 mass parts with respect to a total of 100 mass parts of carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C), glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E), and these reaction materials.
- the following is preferable, and more preferably 2 parts by mass or more and 8 parts by mass or less from the viewpoint of the balance between offset resistance and storage stability.
- the toner of the present invention preferably contains a charge control agent in order to maintain positive chargeability or negative chargeability.
- a conventionally well-known thing can be used as a charge control agent, 1 type may be used or it may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- the metal-containing azo dye is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. For example, a chromium-containing monoazo dye, a cobalt-containing monoazo dye, an iron-containing monoazo dye, or a combination thereof may be used. it can.
- the content of the charge control agent in the toner is preferably 0.05 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin, in view of the balance between the charge amount and the fluidity of the toner. Part, more preferably 0.2 to 3 parts by weight.
- a method of adding to the inside of the toner, a method of external addition, or a combination thereof can be applied.
- the surface treatment agent is preferably present between the toner and the carrier or between the toners by adding a surface treatment agent to the surface of the toner.
- a surface treatment agent By adding a surface treatment agent, powder fluidity, storage stability, charging stability, and environmental stability can be improved, and the life of the developer can be further improved.
- the surface treatment agent can be used as the surface treatment agent.
- examples thereof include silica fine powder, titanium oxide fine powder, and hydrophobized products thereof.
- silica fine powder wet silica, dry silica, a composite of dry silica and metal oxide, or the like can be used, and those obtained by hydrophobizing them with an organosilicon compound or the like can be used.
- the hydrophobizing treatment include a method in which a silica fine powder produced by vapor phase oxidation of a silicon halogen compound is treated with a silane compound and treated with an organosilicon compound.
- silane compound used for the hydrophobization treatment examples include hexamethyldisilazane, trimethylsilane, trimethylchlorosilane, trimethylethoxysilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, methyltrichlorosilane, allyldimethylchlorosilane, allylphenyldichlorosilane, and benzyl.
- organosilicon compound used for the hydrophobizing treatment examples include silicone oils such as dimethyl silicone oil, methylphenyl silicone oil, ⁇ -methylstyrene modified silicone oil, chlorophenyl silicone oil, and fluorine modified silicone oil. Further, fine titanium oxide powder treated with oil, fine particles of vinyl resin of 0.03 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m, and the like may be used.
- Other surface treatment agents include lubricants such as polyfluorinated ethylene, zinc stearate, and polyvinylidene fluoride, abrasives such as cerium oxide, silicon carbide, strontium titanate, magnetic powder, and alumina, carbon black, zinc oxide, and oxidation. Conductivity imparting agents such as antimony and tin oxide may also be used.
- the surface treatment agent has various shapes such as particles having a small particle size of 100 nm or less, particles having a large particle size of 100 nm or more, octahedral shape, hexahedral shape, needle shape, fiber shape, etc. May be used. You may use a surface treating agent individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the content of the surface treatment agent is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass, based on the whole toner.
- a conventionally known carrier can be used.
- These carriers may be those whose surface is coated with a styrene resin, an acrylic resin, a silicone resin, a polyester resin, a fluorine resin, or the like.
- a magnetic carrier having a magnetic fine particle dispersed core in which magnetic fine particles are dispersed in a resin and a coating layer containing a coating resin for coating the surface of the magnetic fine particle dispersed core may be used.
- the toner obtained by the present invention can be used in various known development processes. For example, but not limited to, the cascade development method, the magnetic brush method, the powder cloud method, the touchdown development method, the so-called microtoning method using a magnetic toner produced by a pulverization method as a carrier, and frictional charging between magnetic toners. For example, a so-called bipolar magnetic toner method for obtaining toner charge may be used.
- the toner obtained by the present invention can also be used in various cleaning methods such as a conventionally known fur brush method and blade method. Further, the toner obtained by the present invention can be used in various conventionally known fixing methods.
- an oilless heat roll method an oil application heat roll method, a heat belt fixing method, a flash method, an oven method, and a pressure fixing method.
- the binder resin for toner obtained by the present invention and the toner containing the same, the binder resin for toner excellent in the balance of fixability, offset resistance and durability can be provided.
- the toner of the present invention is produced by a conventionally known method using at least the colorant and the binder resin for toner of the present invention.
- a binder resin and a colorant, and if necessary, other additives such as a release agent and a charge control agent are sufficiently mixed by a powder mixer such as a Henschel mixer, and then a twin-screw kneader or an open roll kneader.
- a powder mixer such as a Henschel mixer
- twin-screw kneader or an open roll kneader Each constituent component is sufficiently mixed by melting and kneading using a kneader or the like.
- the toner may be spheroidized by a surface treatment apparatus or the like.
- the surface treatment method include a method in which the toner is spheroidized by flowing it into a high-temperature air jet, and a method in which the corners of the toner are removed by mechanical impact, and these surface treatments are performed for the purpose of improving image quality.
- the average circularity measured by a flow type particle image measuring apparatus (for example, FPIA-3000 manufactured by Sysmex Corporation) may be adjusted to 0.960 or more.
- the data measurement method and determination method are as follows. Further, in the table, St represents styrene, Mac represents methacrylic acid, BA represents n-butyl acrylate, and GMA represents glycidyl methacrylate.
- GPC device SHODEX (registered trademark) GPC SYSTEM-21 (manufactured by Showa Denko KK)
- Detector SHODEX (registered trademark) RI SE-31 (manufactured by Showa Denko KK)
- Column One SHODEX (registered trademark) GPC KF-G, three GPC KF-807L, and one GPC KF-800D (manufactured by Showa Denko KK) were connected in series in this order. .
- Epoxy value was calculated by the following procedure. A resin sample of 0.2 to 5 g was precisely weighed and placed in a 200 ml Erlenmeyer flask. Thereafter, 25 ml of dioxane was added and dissolved. 25 ml of 1/5 normal hydrochloric acid solution (dioxane solvent) was added, and the mixture was sealed and mixed well. Then, it left still for 30 minutes. Next, 50 ml of a toluene-ethanol mixed solution (1: 1 volume ratio) was added, followed by titration with a 1/10 normal aqueous sodium hydroxide solution using cresol red as an indicator.
- Epoxy value (Eq / 100 g) [(B ⁇ S) ⁇ N ⁇ F] / (10 ⁇ W)
- W is the amount of sample collected (g)
- B is the amount of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution required for the blank test (ml)
- S is the amount of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution required for the sample test (ml)
- N is water.
- the normality of the aqueous sodium oxide solution and F is the titer of the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
- Viscoelastic device STRESS TECH rheometer (manufactured by Rheologica) Measurement mode: Oscillation strain control Measurement temperature range: 50 to 200 ° C Temperature increase rate: 2 ° C./minute Frequency: 1 Hz (6.28 radians / second) Gap: 1mm Plate: Parallel plate stress strain: 1% Sample shape: cylindrical shape with a thickness of 1 mm and a diameter of about 20 mm
- the THF-insoluble content of the binder resin in the present invention was determined as follows. 0.4 g of resin and 39.5 g of THF were put into a 50 ml glass sample tube with a lid, and the sample tube was stirred for 48 hours under the conditions of a rotation speed of 50 rpm and 22 ° C., and then allowed to stand at 22 ° C. for 48 hours. Then, the weight after drying the supernatant liquid 5g of a sample tube at 150 degreeC for 1 hour was measured, and the THF insoluble fraction (mass%) was computed by the following formula
- the image density after rubbing / image density before rubbing ⁇ 100 was calculated as a fixing rate, and the determination was made according to the following evaluation criteria.
- the hot roller fixing device used here did not have a silicone oil supply mechanism.
- the environmental conditions were normal temperature and normal pressure (temperature 22 ° C., relative humidity 55%).
- (Evaluation criteria) ⁇ : 50% ⁇ fixing rate ⁇ : 40% ⁇ fixing rate ⁇ 50% ⁇ : Fixing rate ⁇ 40%
- Offset resistance It carried out according to the measurement of the fixing evaluation. That is, an unfixed image was created by the copying machine. Thereafter, a fixing process was performed by the above-described heat roller fixing device, and it was observed whether or not toner smear occurred in the non-image portion.
- the set temperature of the heat roller of the heat roller fixing device was repeatedly increased from 100 ° C. to 250 ° C. in increments of 5 ° C., and the range of the set temperature at which the toner did not stain was defined as the anti-offset temperature range.
- the atmosphere of the copying machine was a temperature of 22 ° C. and a relative humidity of 55%. (Evaluation criteria) ⁇ : 110 ° C. ⁇ offset temperature range ⁇ : 90 ° C. ⁇ offset temperature range ⁇ 110 ° C. ⁇ : Anti-offset temperature range ⁇ 90 ° C
- a kneading reaction was carried out at 25 kg / hr and a motor rotational speed of 1400 rpm in a twin-screw kneader (KEXN S-40 type, manufactured by Kurimoto Steel Works, Inc.) set at a temperature of 200 ° C.
- NR3-Hi double cooler (manufactured by Nippon Belting Co., Ltd.) is used for quenching at a cooling water temperature of 10 ° C., a cooling water amount of 90 L / min, and a belt speed of 6 m / min, and then pulverized to obtain binder resins R-1 to R -21 was obtained.
- Table 5 shows the physical property values.
- Toner T-22 was prepared in the same manner as in Production Example T-18, except that 4.5 parts by mass of polyethylene wax (polywax 725; manufactured by BAKER PETROLITE) and 0.5 part by mass of zinc stearate were added as a release agent. Obtained.
- Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 12 Various toners described in Table 6 were mixed with 97% by mass of carrier (F-150, manufactured by Powdertech Co., Ltd.) with respect to 3% by mass to obtain a developer, and various evaluations were performed. The results are shown in Table 6.
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Description
[1]カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)、グリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)、及びこれらの反応物、並びに下記一般式(1)で表される脂肪酸金属塩(M):
を含有し、
カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィーにより測定されるテトラヒドロフラン可溶分の分子量分布において分子量2.5×104以上1.2×105以下の領域にピークを有する高分子量ビニル樹脂(H)と、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィーにより測定されるテトラヒドロフラン可溶分の分子量分布において分子量2×103以上2×104以下の領域にピークを有する低分子量ビニル樹脂(L)とを含み、
カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)とグリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)との反応物が、脂肪酸金属塩(M)の存在下で形成されたものである、トナー用バインダー樹脂。
[3]カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)は、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)が6以上15以下である、[1]又は[2]に記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。
[4]測定周波数6.28ラジアン/秒において、150~200℃における貯蔵弾性率(G')の最小値が、0.2×104Pa以上2.0×104Pa以下である、[1]~[3]いずれか一に記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。
[5]テトラヒドロフラン不溶成分を樹脂全体に対して10質量%以上40質量%以下含有する、[1]~[4]いずれか一に記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。
の存在下に、
ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィーにより測定されるテトラヒドロフラン可溶分の分子量分布において分子量2.5×104以上1.2×105以下の領域にピークを有する高分子量ビニル樹脂(H)と、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィーにより測定されるテトラヒドロフラン可溶分の分子量分布において分子量2×103以上2×104以下の領域にピークを有する低分子量ビニル樹脂(L)とを含むカルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)と、
グリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)とを溶融混練することによって架橋反応させる工程を含む、トナー用バインダー樹脂の製造方法。
本発明において、重合という語を共重合の意味で使うことがあり、重合体という語を共重合体の意味で使うことがある。また、「~」は、特に明示しない限り、上限値と下限値を含むことを表す。
GPC装置:SHODEX(登録商標) GPC SYSTEM-21(昭和電工株式会社製)
検出器:SHODEX(登録商標) RI SE-31 (昭和電工株式会社製)
カラム:SHODEX(登録商標) GPC KF-Gを1本、GPC KF-807Lを3本、及びGPC KF-800Dを1本(昭和電工株式会社製)、をこの順番に直列に連結して用いる。
溶媒:テトラヒドロフラン(THF)
流速:1.2ml/分
サンプル濃度:0.002g-resin/ml-THF
注入量:100μL
本発明のトナー用バインダー樹脂は、カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)、グリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)及びこれらの反応物、並びに脂肪酸金属塩(M)を含有している。
本発明のトナー用バインダー樹脂は、カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)とグリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)との反応物が、脂肪酸金属塩(M)の存在下で形成されたものであり、下記一般式(1)で表される脂肪酸金属塩(M)を含有している。本発明において脂肪酸金属塩(M)は、少なくともトナー用バインダー樹脂中に分散しており、滑り効果を目的としていないので、滑剤外添剤に含まれる脂肪酸金属塩のようにトナーの表層に偏析するのではない。
脂肪酸金属塩(M)の含有量が0.001質量部以上であると、カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)とグリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)の反応が良好となり、バインダー樹脂の粘度が高まる結果、耐オフセット性をいっそう向上させることができる。また、脂肪酸金属塩(M)の含有量が3質量部以下であると、保存性及び耐久性により優れたトナーを得ることができる。
カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)は、GPCにより測定されるTHF可溶分の分子量分布において分子量2.5×104以上1.2×105以下の領域にピークを有する高分子量ビニル樹脂(H)と、GPCにより測定されるTHF可溶分の分子量分布において分子量2×103以上2×104以下の領域にピークを有する低分子量ビニル樹脂(L)とを含むことが好ましい。
なお、本発明において、酸価は、樹脂1gを中和するために必要な水酸化カリウムのmg数である。
本発明において高分子量ビニル樹脂(H)は、THF可溶分がGPCにより測定される分子量分布において分子量2.5×104以上1.2×105以下の領域にピークを有することが好ましく、より好ましくは3×104以上1×105以下にピークを有する事が、優れた定着性、耐オフセット性、耐久性のバランスを実現する上で好ましい。ピーク分子量を2.5×104以上とすることで、樹脂の強度が向上し、耐久性により優れたトナーを得ることができる。また、後述するグリシジル基との反応による架橋体形成において、架橋形成が良好に進行するため、耐オフセット性に優れたトナーを得ることができる。また、ピーク分子量を1.2×105以下にすることで、高分子量ビニル樹脂が未反応の状態で残っても、定着時のトナーの粘度が上がりにくくなり、定着性により優れたトナーが得られる。また、樹脂の強度も適度になり、生産性にもより優れたトナーとすることができる。
本発明において低分子量ビニル樹脂(L)は、THF可溶分がGPCにより測定される分子量分布において分子量2×103以上2×104以下にピークを有することが好ましく、定着性、耐久性及びトナーの生産性の観点から、分子量4×103以上1.6×104以下にピークを有する事がより好ましい。ピーク分子量を2×103以上にすることで、耐久性により優れたトナーとすることができる。ピーク分子量が2×104以下にすることで、定着性や生産性により優れたトナーとすることができる。
本発明におけるグリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)は、スチレン系単量体、アクリル系単量体(メタクリル系単量体も含む)の少なくとも1種と、少なくとも1種のグリシジル基含有単量体とを用いて公知の重合方法を用いることによって得られる。
なお、本発明においてエポキシ価は、樹脂100g中に存在するエポキシ基のモル数であり、その測定はJIS K-7236に準じて行うことができる。
本発明のトナー用バインダー樹脂は、カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)由来のカルボキシル基と、グリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)由来のグリシジル基との反応により生成する架橋成分を含有しており、これに由来するTHF不溶成分を含んでいる。THF不溶成分はバインダー樹脂中、好ましくは10~40質量%、より好ましくは15~30質量%、更に好ましくは20~25質量%であることが良好な定着性、耐オフセット性、耐久性、トナー生産性のバランスの観点からより好ましい。THF不溶成分を10質量%以上にすることで、耐オフセット性により優れたトナーとすることができ、更には、離型剤、帯電制御剤、着色剤、磁性粉等のトナー部材と本発明のバインダー樹脂を混練・粉砕してトナーにする際に、十分な混練シェアがかかり、トナー部材の分散が良好になり、帯電が均一化し、環境安定性能の低下を抑制して、優れた現像性能を得ることができる。THF不溶成分を40質量%以下にすることで、定着性能により優れたトナーとなり、低分子成分と架橋体との過剰な分離を防ぎ、耐オフセット性がいっそう向上する。また、トナーが固くならないため、トナーの生産性も高めることができる。
本発明の他の態様は、上記のトナー用バインダー樹脂と、着色剤とを含む、トナーである。
着色剤としては、従来公知の顔料及び染料を使用することができる。
これらの着色剤は単独で使用しても2種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。
本発明のトナーは、良好な定着性能や耐オフセット性能を発現させる為に離型剤を含有することが好ましい。
これらの離型剤は、単独又は2種以上組み合わせて使用してもよい。
本発明のトナーは、正帯電性又は負帯電性を保持させるために荷電制御剤を含有することが好ましい。荷電制御剤としては従来公知のものを使用でき、1種を使用しても2種以上を組み合わせて使用しても良い。荷電制御剤として金属含有アゾ染料を含むと、帯電量の立ち上がりを早くさせることができるため好ましい。金属含有アゾ染料としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができるが、例えば、クロム含有モノアゾ染料、コバルト含有モノアゾ染料、鉄含有モノアゾ染料、又はこれらを組み合わせて使用することができる。
本発明のトナーは、トナーの表面に対して表面処理剤を添加することによって、トナーとキャリア、あるいはトナー相互の間に該表面処理剤を存在させることが好ましい。表面処理剤を添加することにより、粉体流動性、保存性、帯電安定性、及び環境安定性が向上され、かつさらに現像剤の寿命をも向上させることができる。
本発明のトナーを二成分現像剤として使用する場合、キャリアとして従来公知のものを使用できる。例えば、表面酸化又は未酸化の鉄、コバルト、マンガン、クロム、銅、亜鉛、ニッケル、マグネシウム、リチウム、希土類のような金属及びそれらの合金又は酸化物からなる個数平均粒径15~300μmの粒子が使用できる。これらのキャリアはスチレン系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、シリコーン系樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、フッ素系樹脂などにより表面コートされているものを使用してもよい。さらには、樹脂に磁性微粒子が分散されてなる磁性微粒子分散型コアと該磁性微粒子分散型コアの表面を被覆する被覆樹脂を含有する被覆層を有する磁性キャリアを使用してもよい。
本発明のトナーは、少なくとも着色剤と本発明のトナー用バインダー樹脂を用いて、従来公知の方法によって製造される。例えば、バインダー樹脂と着色剤、必要であればその他の離型剤、帯電調整剤などの添加剤をヘンシェルミキサーなどの粉体混合機により充分に混合した後、2軸混練機、オープンロール混練機などの混練機を用いて溶融、混練して各構成成分を充分に混合する。これを冷却後、粉砕、分級を行って、通常4~15μmの範囲の粒子を集め、粉体混合法により表面処理剤をまぶしてトナーを得る方法が挙げられる。また、必要に応じて、表面処理装置等により、トナーを球形化処理してもよい。表面処理の方法としては、例えば、高温空気噴流中に流入させトナーを球形化する方法や機械的な衝撃によりトナーの角を取る方法が挙げられ、画質の向上などを目的として、これらの表面処理を行って、フロー式粒子像測定装置(例えばシスメックス社製、FPIA-3000)によって測定される平均円形度を0.960以上に調整してもよい。
本実施例における酸価(AV)は、以下の通り算出した。キシレン:n―ブタノール=1:1質量比の混合溶媒に精秤した試料を溶解した。予め標定されたN/10水酸化カリウムのアルコール(特級水酸化カリウム7gにイオン交換水5g添加し、1級エチルアルコールで1L(リットル)とし、N/10塩酸と1%フェノールフタレイン溶液にて力価=Fを標定したもの)で滴定し、その中和量から次式に従って算出した。
酸価(mgKOH/g)=(N/10 KOH滴定量(ml)×F×5.61)/(試料g×0.01)
本実施例におけるピーク分子量、重量平均分子量(Mw)、数平均分子量(Mn)、及び、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)は、GPC(ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー)法により求めたものであり、単分散標準ポリスチレンで検量線を作成した換算分子量である。測定条件は下記の通りである。
GPC装置:SHODEX(登録商標) GPC SYSTEM-21(昭和電工株式会社製)
検出器:SHODEX(登録商標) RI SE-31 (昭和電工株式会社製)
カラム:SHODEX(登録商標) GPC KF-Gを1本、GPC KF-807Lを3本、及びGPC KF-800Dを1本(昭和電工株式会社製)、をこの順番に直列に連結して用いた。
溶媒:テトラヒドロフラン(THF)
流速:1.2ml/分
サンプル濃度:0.002g-resin/ml-THF
注入量:100μL
サンプル溶液は、測定直前にフィルターを用い、THFに不溶な成分を除去した。
本実施例では分子量として、上記の方法でメインピークの分子量、重量平均分子量(Mw)、数平均分子量(Mn)、及び、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)を求めた。
エポキシ価は以下の手順で計算した。樹脂試料0.2~5gを精秤し、200mlの三角フラスコに入れた。その後、ジオキサン25mlを加えて溶解させた。1/5規定の塩酸溶液(ジオキサン溶媒)25mlを加え、密栓して十分に混合した。その後、30分間静置した。次に、トルエン-エタノール混合溶液(1:1容量比)50mlを加えた後、クレゾールレッドを指示薬として1/10規定水酸化ナトリウム水溶液で滴定した。滴定結果に基づいて、下記式にしたがってエポキシ価(Eq/100g)を計算した。
エポキシ価(Eq/100g)=[(B-S)×N×F]/(10×W)
ここで、Wは試料採取量(g)、Bは空試験に要した水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の量(ml)、Sは試料の試験に要した水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の量(ml)、Nは水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の規定度、及びFは水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の力価である。
本発明における粘弾性測定は以下の測定によって求めた。
粘弾性装置:STRESS TECH レオメータ (レオロジカ社製)
測定モード:Oscillation strain control
測定温度範囲:50~200℃
昇温速度:2℃/分
周波数:1Hz(6.28ラジアン/秒)
ギャップ:1mm
プレート:パラレルプレート
応力歪み:1%
サンプル形状:厚さ1mm、直径約20mmの円柱状
本発明におけるバインダー樹脂のTHF不溶分は以下の通り求めた。
樹脂0.4g、THF39.5gを50ml蓋付ガラス製サンプル管に投入し、このサンプル管を回転数50rpm、22℃の条件で48時間攪拌した後、22℃で48時間静置した。その後、サンプル管の上澄み液5gを150℃で1時間乾燥させた後の重量を測定し、その重量をXgとして以下の式にてTHF不溶分率(質量%)を計算した。
1.定着性
市販の電子写真複写機を改造した複写機にて未定着画像を作成した後、この未定着画像を市販の複写機の定着部を改造した熱ローラー定着装置を用いて、熱ローラーの定着速度を190mm/秒とし、130℃で定着させた。得られた定着画像を砂消しゴム(株式会社トンボ鉛筆製)により、1.0kgfの荷重をかけ、6回摩擦させ、この摩擦試験前後の画像濃度をマクベス式反射濃度計により測定した。摩擦後の画像濃度÷摩擦前の画像濃度×100を定着率として算出し、下記評価基準で判定した。なお、ここに用いた熱ローラー定着装置はシリコーンオイル供給機構を有しないものであった。また、環境条件は、常温常圧(温度22℃、相対湿度55%)とした。
(評価基準)
○:50%≦定着率
△:40%<定着率<50%
×:定着率≦40%
上記定着評価の測定に準じて行った。すなわち、上記複写機にて未定着画像を作成した。その後、上述の熱ローラー定着装置により定着処理を行い、非画像部分にトナー汚れが生ずるか否かを観察した。前記熱ローラー定着装置の熱ローラーの設定温度を100℃から5℃ずつ順次250℃まで上昇させた状態で繰り返し、トナーによる汚れの生じない設定温度の幅をもって耐オフセット温度幅とした。また、上記複写機の雰囲気は、温度22℃、相対湿度55%とした。
(評価基準)
○:110℃≦耐オフセット温度幅
△: 90℃≦耐オフセット温度幅<110℃
×: 耐オフセット温度幅<90℃
10mlガラス製サンプル管に直径4mmのステンレス製ボール24gを入れ、この中にトナー0.05g添加した。蓋をして350rpmで25分間回転攪拌し、攪拌前後のトナーの粒度分布をコールターカウンターにて測定した。粒径変化率は下記式;
粒径変化率={(攪拌前の個数中位径D50-攪拌後の個数中位径D50)/攪拌前の個数中位径D50}×100
から算出し、下記基準で判定した。
(評価基準)
○: 粒径変化率≦21%
△:21%<粒径変化率≦23%
×:23%<粒径変化率
トナー製造時、2軸混練冷却したものを採取して粉砕し、10メッシュアンダー、16メッシュオンの粒度に揃えて、150gを30分かけて、一定条件でジェットミル(ラボジェット:日本ニューマチック工業製)にて粉砕し、トナー収量を測定した。コールターカウンターにて粒度分布を測定し、生産性を下記式;
生産性={(単位時間当たりのトナー収量g)/(体積中位径D50より求めたトナー一粒の重量g)}/1010
から算出し、下記基準にて判定した。
○:100≦生産性
△: 95≦生産性<100
×: 生産性<95
(製造例E-1)
キシレン50質量部を窒素置換したフラスコに仕込み昇温し、キシレン還流下において、予め表1記載の単量体100質量部にジ-t-ブチルパーオキサイド0.5質量部を混合溶解しておいた混合液を5時間かけて連続添加し、さらに1時間還流を継続する。その後内温130℃に保ち、ジ-t-ブチルパーオキサイド0.5質量部を加えて2時間反応を継続し、重合液を得た。これを160℃、1.33kPaの容器中にフラッシュして溶剤等を留去し、樹脂E-1を得た。その物性値を表1に示す。
(製造例L-1)
キシレン100質量部を窒素置換したフラスコに仕込み昇温し、キシレン還流下において、予め表2記載の単量体100質量部にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート10質量部を混合溶解しておいた混合液を5時間かけて連続添加し、さらに1時間還流を継続する。その後内温98℃に保ち、更にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート0.5質量部を加えて1時間反応を継続し、更にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート0.5質量部を加えて2時間反応を継続し、L-1の重合液を得た。物性値を表2に示す。
キシレン75質量部を窒素置換したフラスコに仕込み昇温し、キシレン還流下において、予め表2記載の単量体100質量部にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート5質量部を混合溶解しておいた混合液を5時間かけて連続添加し、さらに1時間還流を継続する。その後内温98℃に保ち、更にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート0.5質量部を加えて1時間反応を継続し、更にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート0.5質量部を加えて2時間反応を継続し、L-2の重合液を得た。物性値を表2に示す。
キシレン75質量部を窒素置換したフラスコに仕込み昇温し、キシレン還流下において、予め表2記載の単量体100質量部にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート2質量部を混合溶解しておいた混合液を5時間かけて連続添加し、さらに1時間還流を継続する。その後内温98℃に保ち、更にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート0.5質量部を加えて1時間反応を継続し、更にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート0.5質量部を加えて2時間反応を継続し、L-3の重合液を得た。物性値を表2に示す。
キシレン50質量部を窒素置換したフラスコに仕込み昇温し、キシレン還流下において、予め表2記載の単量体100質量部にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート1.8質量部を混合溶解しておいた混合液を5時間かけて連続添加し、さらに1時間還流を継続する。その後内温98℃に保ち、更にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート0.5質量部を加えて1時間反応を継続し、更にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート0.5質量部を加えて2時間反応を継続し、L-4の重合液を得た。物性値を表2に示す。
(製造例H-1)
キシレン40質量部を窒素置換したフラスコに仕込み昇温し、キシレン還流下において、予め表3記載の単量体100質量部にジ-t-ブチルパーオキサイド0.5質量部を混合溶解しておいた混合液を5時間かけて連続添加し、さらに1時間還流を継続する。その後内温130℃に保ち、更にジ-t-ブチルパーオキサイド0.5質量部を加えて1時間反応を継続し、更にジ-t-ブチルパーオキサイド0.5質量部を加えて2時間反応を継続し、H-1の重合液を得た。物性値を表3に示す。
キシレン50質量部を窒素置換したフラスコに仕込み昇温し、キシレン還流下において、予め表3記載の単量体100質量部にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート1質量部を混合溶解しておいた混合液を5時間かけて連続添加し、さらに1時間還流を継続する。その後内温98℃に保ち、更にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート0.5質量部を加えて1時間反応を継続し、更にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート0.5質量部を加えて2時間反応を継続し、H-2の重合液を得た。物性値を表3に示す。
キシレン20質量部を窒素置換したフラスコに仕込み昇温し、キシレン還流下において、予め表3記載の単量体100質量部にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート0.2質量部を混合溶解しておいた混合液を4時間かけて連続添加し、さらに1時間還流を継続する。その後内温98℃に保ち、更にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート0.3質量部を加えて1時間反応を継続し、更にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート0.3質量部を加えて1時間反応を継続し、更にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート0.5質量部を加えて2時間反応を継続し、H-3の重合液を得た。物性値を表3に示す。
キシレン50質量部を窒素置換したフラスコに仕込み昇温し、キシレン還流下において、予め表3記載の単量体100質量部にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート1.8質量部を混合溶解しておいた混合液を5時間かけて連続添加し、さらに1時間還流を継続する。その後内温98℃に保ち、更にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート0.5質量部を加えて1時間反応を継続し、更にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート0.5質量部を加えて2時間反応を継続し、H-4の重合液を得た。物性値を表3に示す。
スチレン68.5質量部、アクリル酸ブチル23.5質量部、キシレン15質量部を窒素置換したフラスコに仕込み、内温110℃に昇温した。そこに、スチレン5質量部、メタクリル酸3質量部、キシレン85質量部、t-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート0.3質量部を混合溶解しておいた混合液を7時間かけて連続添加し、さらに1時間反応を継続する。その後内温130℃に保ち、更にジ-t-ブチルパーオキサイド0.1質量部を加えて2時間反応を継続し、更にジ-t-ブチルパーオキサイド0.1質量部を加えて2時間反応を継続し、H-5の重合液を得た。物性値を表3に示す。
表3記載の単量体100質量部を窒素置換したフラスコに仕込み、内温120℃に昇温後同温度に保ち、バルク重合を8時間行った。ついで、キシレン50部を加え、テトラエチレングリコールジアクリレート0.2質量部を加えた後、110℃に昇温した。予め混合溶解しておいた1,1-ビス(t-ブチルパーオキシ)シクロヘキサン0.35質量部、キシレン60質量部を110℃に保ちながら9時間かけて連続添加した後、1時間反応を継続し、1,1-ビス(t-ブチルパーオキシ)シクロヘキサン0.21質量部を加え2時間反応を継続し、更に1,1-ビス(t-ブチルパーオキシ)シクロヘキサン0.52質量部を加え2時間反応を継続して重合を完結し、H-6の重合液を得た。物性値を表3に示す。
(製造例C-1~C-17)
高分子量ビニル樹脂(H)と低分子量ビニル樹脂(L)の質量比が表4記載の比率となるように各重合液を混合した後、これを190℃、1.33kPaのベッセル(容器)中にフラッシュして溶剤等を留去して樹脂C-1~C-17を得た。物性値を表4に示す。
(製造例R-1~R-21)
カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)、グリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)、及び脂肪酸金属塩(M)を表5に記載の比率となるように混合した。脂肪酸金属塩(M)の含有量はカルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)、グリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)の総量100質量部に対する質量部である。その後、200℃に温度設定した2軸混練機(KEXN S-40型、栗本鐵工所社製)にて、25kg/hr、モーター回転数1400rpmで混練反応し、この混練物をスチールベルトクーラー(NR3-Hiダブルクーラ、日本ベルティング株式会社製)を使用して冷却水温10℃、冷却水量90L/分、ベルトスピード6m/分の条件で急冷した後、粉砕し、バインダー樹脂R-1~R-21を得た。物性値を表5に示す。
(製造例T-1~T-21)
表6に記載のバインダー樹脂(R)100質量部に対し、着色剤としてカーボンブラック(MA100;三菱化学株式会社製)6質量部、荷電調整剤(T-77;保土谷化学工業社製)0.5質量部、ポリエチレンワックス(ポリワックス725;BAKER PETROLITE製)5質量部を添加し、ヘンシェルミキサーにて混合した。その後、2軸混練機(PCM-30型、池貝機械製)にて、2軸混錬機吐出部樹脂温度120℃、滞留時間30秒で混練させた。ついで冷却・粉砕・分級後、トナー粒子100質量部に対して疎水性シリカ微粉体(R-812、日本アエロジル株式会社製)0.5質量部、疎水性酸化チタン(NKT-90、日本アエロジル株式会社製)0.2質量部添加し、コールターカウンターにて測定した体積中位径D50が約7.5μmのトナーT-1~T-21を得た。
離型剤としてポリエチレンワックス(ポリワックス725;BAKER PETROLITE社製)4.5質量部、ステアリン酸亜鉛0.5質量部を添加した以外は、製造例T-18と同様にしてトナーT-22を得た。
表6に記載のトナーを3質量%に対し、キャリア(パウダーテック株式会社製、F-150)97質量%を混合して現像剤とし、各種評価を行った。結果を表6に示す。
Claims (7)
- カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)、グリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)、及びこれらの反応物、並びに下記一般式(1)で表される脂肪酸金属塩(M):
〔式中、nは11~22の整数であり、mは2であり、MはZn及びCaから選択される金属原子である。〕
を含有し、
カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィーにより測定されるテトラヒドロフラン可溶分の分子量分布において分子量2.5×104以上1.2×105以下の領域にピークを有する高分子量ビニル樹脂(H)と、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィーにより測定されるテトラヒドロフラン可溶分の分子量分布において分子量2×103以上2×104以下の領域にピークを有する低分子量ビニル樹脂(L)とを含み、
カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)とグリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)との反応物が、脂肪酸金属塩(M)の存在下で形成されたものである、トナー用バインダー樹脂。 - カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)中の高分子量ビニル樹脂(H)と低分子量ビニル樹脂(L)との質量比(H/L)は、55/45~85/15である、請求項1に記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。
- カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)は、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)が6以上15以下である、請求項1又は2に記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。
- 測定周波数6.28ラジアン/秒において、150~200℃における貯蔵弾性率(G')の最小値が、0.2×104Pa以上2.0×104Pa以下である、請求項1乃至3いずれか一項に記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。
- テトラヒドロフラン不溶成分を樹脂全体に対して10質量%以上40質量%以下含有する、請求項1乃至4いずれか一項に記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。
- 請求項1乃至5いずれか一項に記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂と、着色剤とを含む、トナー。
- 下記一般式(1)で表される脂肪酸金属塩(M):
〔式中、nは11~22の整数であり、mは2であり、MはZn及びCaから選択される金属原子である。〕
の存在下に、
ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィーにより測定されるテトラヒドロフラン可溶分の分子量分布において分子量2.5×104以上1.2×105以下の領域にピークを有する高分子量ビニル樹脂(H)と、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィーにより測定されるテトラヒドロフラン可溶分の分子量分布において分子量2×103以上2×104以下の領域にピークを有する低分子量ビニル樹脂(L)とを含むカルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)と、
グリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)とを溶融混練することによって架橋反応させる工程を含む、トナー用バインダー樹脂の製造方法。
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| JP6250218B1 (ja) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-12-20 | 長瀬産業株式会社 | トナー、トナーの製造方法、及び、捺染布帛の製造方法 |
| JP7590890B2 (ja) | 2021-02-25 | 2024-11-27 | 三井化学株式会社 | トナー用バインダー樹脂 |
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| JP6733212B2 (ja) * | 2016-02-19 | 2020-07-29 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 静電荷像現像用トナー、静電荷像現像剤、トナーカートリッジ、プロセスカートリッジ、画像形成装置、及び画像形成方法 |
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| KR101676935B1 (ko) | 2016-11-16 |
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