WO2011061917A1 - トナー用バインダー樹脂、トナーおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
トナー用バインダー樹脂、トナーおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011061917A1 WO2011061917A1 PCT/JP2010/006696 JP2010006696W WO2011061917A1 WO 2011061917 A1 WO2011061917 A1 WO 2011061917A1 JP 2010006696 W JP2010006696 W JP 2010006696W WO 2011061917 A1 WO2011061917 A1 WO 2011061917A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08726—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08722—Polyvinylalcohols; Polyallylalcohols; Polyvinylethers; Polyvinylaldehydes; Polyvinylketones; Polyvinylketals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08724—Polyvinylesters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
- G03G9/08795—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775 characterised by their chemical properties, e.g. acidity, molecular weight, sensitivity to reactants
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
- G03G9/08797—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775 characterised by their physical properties, e.g. viscosity, solubility, melting temperature, softening temperature, glass transition temperature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08L33/062—Copolymers with monomers not covered by C08L33/06
- C08L33/068—Copolymers with monomers not covered by C08L33/06 containing glycidyl groups
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a binder resin for toner, a toner and a method for producing the same.
- electrophotography in a PPC (Plain Paper Copy) copier or printer that transfers a toner image formed on a photoreceptor onto a recording paper is performed in the following procedure.
- an electrostatic latent image is formed on the photoconductor.
- the latent image is developed using toner, and after the toner image is transferred onto a fixing sheet such as paper, it is heat-fixed with a heat roll or film.
- fixing is performed under heating in a state where the heat roll or film and the toner on the fixing sheet are in direct contact with each other, so that the method is quick and the thermal efficiency is very good. Therefore, the fixing efficiency is very good.
- this heat-fixing method has good thermal efficiency but has a problem of so-called offset phenomenon because the toner is brought into contact with the heat roll or film surface in a molten state.
- so-called low-temperature fixing performance for fixing toner at low temperatures has been demanded.
- the toner aggregates and solidifies over time. In other words, there are problems such as poor storage stability and fouling on the photoconductor and contamination to cause image defects.
- the printed image is rubbed with a roller or paper while the temperature of the toner after printing is not sufficiently lowered at the time of document feeding or double-sided copying, and the image tends to be blurred or smeared.
- the toner does not sufficiently transfer heat to cause poor toner fixability, which is rubbed with a roller or paper, and is liable to cause bleeding or smearing on the image.
- the toner is required to have a performance that does not cause such deterioration in image quality, so-called smear resistance. Further, in the case of increasing the printing speed, the toner is easily destroyed by agitation when the toner is transported in the apparatus, and the broken toner pieces are likely to adhere to the photoconductor and contaminate. For this reason, the toner is required to have characteristics that are not destroyed by stirring, so-called durability, and characteristics that do not cause photoconductor contamination, that is, photoconductor contamination resistance.
- Patent Document 8 discloses that an amorphous resin, inorganic fine particles, or an organic metal salt is added to a crystalline polyester resin.
- Patent Document 8 discloses that the crystallinity is controlled by adding inorganic fine particles or organometallic salts, the crystallinity of the crystalline polyester is increased unless the compatibility between the crystalline polyester resin and the amorphous resin is controlled. As a result, satisfactory storage stability was not obtained.
- Japanese Patent No. 3532033 Japanese Patent No. 3794762 Japanese Patent No. 2872347 Japanese Patent No. 2931899 Japanese Patent No. 3971228 JP 2006-171364 A JP 2008-102390 A JP 2007-127828 A JP 2007-71993 A
- the present invention solves such problems of conventional toners, and is a binder resin for toner that is excellent in low-temperature fixability, offset resistance, smear resistance, storage stability, durability, and resistance to photoconductor contamination. And a toner.
- a binder resin for toner comprising a carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C), a glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E), a reaction product thereof, and a saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity
- the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity has a melting point of 75 ° C. or higher and 120 ° C. or lower
- a metal component (M) selected from Zn, Ca, Mg, Al, Ba (excluding the metal oxide) is dispersed in the crystalline saturated polyester (S)
- the toner binder resin is At a measurement frequency of 6.28 radians / second, Loss elastic modulus (G ′′) at 120 ° C.
- the metal component (M) with respect to a total of 100% by mass of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C), the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E), the reaction product thereof, and the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity. ) In an amount of 0.011% by mass or more and 1% by mass or less.
- N is an integer from 11 to 22
- m is an integer from 2 to 3
- M is a metal selected from Zn, Ca, Mg, Al, Ba
- the melting point of the release agent is The melting point of the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity is ⁇ 50 ° C. or more and 0 ° C.
- the release agent is added to 100% by mass in total of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C), the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E), and their reaction products and the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity. 1% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, The binder resin for toner according to [6].
- the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity polycondenses an alcohol component selected from aliphatic diols having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and a carboxylic acid component selected from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the toner binder resin according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein the binder resin for toner is obtained.
- [9] It has the crystallinity with respect to a total of 100% by mass of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C), the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E), these reaction products, and the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity.
- the binder resin for toner according to any one of [1] to [8], which contains 1% by mass or more and 25% by mass or less of saturated polyester (S).
- the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity is In the molecular weight distribution measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of chloroform-soluble matter, it has a main peak in the region of 5000 to 15000,
- the binder resin for toner according to any one of [1] to [9], wherein the acid value of the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity is 25 mgKOH / g or more and 70 mgKOH / g or less.
- the tetrahydrofuran (THF) soluble component in the toner binder resin has a main peak in a region having a molecular weight of 3,000 or more and less than 25,000 in a molecular weight distribution measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the binder resin for toner contains 3% by mass or more and less than 30% by mass of a THF-insoluble component
- the toner binder resin according to any one of [1] to [10], wherein an acid value of the toner binder resin is 4.5 mgKOH / g or more and 30 mgKOH / g or less.
- the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) has a high molecular weight vinyl resin (H) having a peak in a region having a molecular weight of 150,000 or more and less than 350,000 in a GPC chromatogram and a THF soluble component in a GPC chromatogram.
- Low molecular weight vinyl resin (L) having a peak in a region of molecular weight 3000 or more and less than 25000,
- the mass ratio (H / L) of the high molecular weight vinyl resin (H) and the low molecular weight vinyl resin (L) in the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) is 10/90 or more and 50/50 or less
- the acid value of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) is 3 mgKOH / g or more and 25 mgKOH / g or less
- the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) has a peak in a region having a molecular weight of 30000 or more and 70000 or less in a chromatogram having a THF soluble content of GPC, and an epoxy value of 0.003 Eq / 100 g or more and 0.100 Eq / 100 g or less.
- a toner containing a toner binder resin and a colorant At a measurement frequency of 6.28 radians / second, Loss elastic modulus (G ′′) at 120 ° C. is 0.3 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or more and 2.7 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or less, The minimum value of the storage elastic modulus (G ′) at 50 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less is 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 or more and 1.5 ⁇ 10 4 , A toner, wherein the toner binder resin is the toner binder resin according to any one of [1] to [12].
- the toner according to [13] which has one loss elastic modulus (G ′′) peak at 70 ° C. or higher and 85 ° C. or lower.
- the tetrahydrofuran (THF) soluble content of the toner has a main peak in a region having a molecular weight of 2,000 or more and less than 25,000 in a molecular weight distribution measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Containing 3% by weight or more and less than 30% by weight of THF-insoluble matter derived from the toner binder resin; The toner according to [13] or [14].
- a binder resin for toner and a toner excellent in low-temperature fixability, offset resistance, smear resistance, storage stability, durability, and resistance to photoconductor contamination are provided.
- polymerization is sometimes used in the meaning of copolymerization
- polymer is sometimes used in the meaning of copolymer.
- ⁇ represents that an upper limit value and a lower limit value are included unless otherwise specified.
- the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) preferably has an acid value of 3 to 25 mgKOH / g. More preferably, it is 3 to 20 mgKOH / g, and still more preferably 4 to 19 mgKOH / g.
- the acid value is lower than 3 mgKOH / g, the reaction with the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) described later is difficult to proceed, and as a result, the offset resistance when the toner is used tends to be reduced. Unreacted high molecular weight vinyl resin (H) tends to hinder fixing properties.
- the acid value exceeds 25 mgKOH / g, the reaction with the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) proceeds too much, and the crosslinking component obtained by the reaction between the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) In some cases, the anti-offset property may be deteriorated due to the fact that the phase-separation with the non-crosslinking component is excessive and the effect of the cross-linking component on the anti-offset property is lost.
- the acid value is the number of mg of potassium hydroxide necessary for neutralizing 1 g of the resin.
- the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) has a high molecular weight vinyl resin (H) having a peak in a region having a molecular weight of 150,000 or more and less than 350,000 in the GPC chromatogram and a THF soluble component in the GPC chromatogram. It is preferable to include a low molecular weight vinyl resin (L) having a peak in a region of 3000 or more and less than 25000. The peak here refers to the main peak.
- the ratio (H / L) is determined by the toner fixing property, offset resistance, and smear resistance. From the viewpoint of the overall balance between durability and durability, it is preferably 10/90 to 50/50. More preferably, the ratio (H / L) is 10/90 to 45/55.
- the ratio of the high molecular weight vinyl resin (H) is lower than 10% by mass, the durability and offset resistance may be deteriorated when the toner is used, and when it exceeds 50% by mass, the toner fixing property and smear resistance are deteriorated. It may get worse.
- carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) As monomers constituting the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C), in addition to the carboxyl group-containing monomers, styrene monomers and acrylic monomers (methacrylic monomers are also included. ).
- examples of the styrenic monomer used in the present invention include styrene, p-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, o-methylstyrene, p-methoxystyrene, p-phenylstyrene, and p-chlorostyrene.
- acrylic monomer used in the present invention examples include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, and acrylic acid.
- Acrylic esters such as furfuryl, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, dimethylaminomethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, Cyclohexyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, furfuryl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate, dimethyl methacrylate Ruaminomechiru, methacrylic acid esters such as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-substituted acrylamides, amides such as N-substituted methacrylamides, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, and the like.
- acrylic acid esters preferred are acrylic acid esters, methacrylic acid esters, acrylonitrile, and methacrylonitrile, and particularly preferred are butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, and hydroxyethyl acrylate.
- diesters of unsaturated dibasic acids such as dimethyl fumarate, dibutyl fumarate, dioctyl fumarate, dimethyl maleate, dibutyl maleate and dioctyl maleate are also used as monomers. can do.
- Examples of the carboxyl group-containing monomer in the present invention include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic anhydride, maleic acid, fumaric acid, cinnamic acid, methyl fumarate, ethyl fumarate, propyl fumarate, butyl fumarate and fumarate. And monoesters of unsaturated dibasic acids such as octyl acid, methyl maleate, ethyl maleate, propyl maleate, butyl maleate and octyl maleate.
- Acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, fumaric acid, methyl fumarate, ethyl fumarate, propyl fumarate, butyl fumarate and octyl fumarate are preferred, and acrylic acid and methacrylic acid are particularly preferred.
- a crosslinkable monomer having two or more double bonds may be used as a monomer, if necessary.
- the crosslinkable monomer include aromatic divinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene and divinylnaphthalene, ethylene glycol diacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, and 1,5-pentanediol diester.
- the vinyl resin (C) containing a carboxyl group is preferably less than 0.5 mass% with respect to 100 mass% of the monomer other than the polyfunctional crosslinkable monomer.
- a cross-linked product formed by a reaction between a carboxyl group and a glycidyl group, which will be described later may be cut during toner production. This is presumably because the cross-linked portion due to the polyfunctional cross-linkable monomer is brittle in the kneading share at the time of toner production, and the cross-linked cut portion due to the polyfunctional cross-linkable monomer is the starting point, and cross-linking is promoted.
- carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) as a method for producing the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C), known polymerization methods such as solution polymerization, bulk polymerization, suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, and combinations thereof can be employed. Solution polymerization, bulk polymerization, and combinations thereof are preferably employed because of the mixing property of the high molecular weight vinyl resin (H) and the low molecular weight vinyl resin (L) described later, and the ease of adjusting the distribution of carboxyl groups and glycidyl groups.
- H high molecular weight vinyl resin
- L low molecular weight vinyl resin
- the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) of the present invention is obtained by polymerizing a high molecular weight vinyl resin (H) and a low molecular weight vinyl resin (L) separately in advance and mixing them in a molten state or a solution state. Can do. Moreover, after polymerizing one of the high molecular weight vinyl resin (H) or the low molecular weight vinyl resin (L) alone, the other vinyl resin can be polymerized in the presence of the vinyl resin.
- the solvent used for the solution polymerization include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, cumene and the like. These alone or a mixture thereof are used, and xylene is preferable.
- Polymerization may be performed using a polymerization initiator, or so-called thermal polymerization may be performed without using a polymerization initiator.
- a polymerization initiator what can be normally used as a radical polymerization initiator can be used.
- Hydroperoxides di-t-butyl peroxide, t-butylcumyl peroxide, di-cumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexane, ⁇ , ⁇ ' -Dialkyl peroxides such as bis (t-butylperoxyisopropyl) benzene, isobutyryl peroxide, octanoyl peroxide, decanoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl peroxide, benzoyl Peroxide, m-torr Diacyl peroxides such as oil peroxide, di-isopropyl peroxydicarbonate, di-2-ethylhexyl peroxydicarbonate, di-n-propyl peroxydicarbonate, di-2-ethoxyethyl peroxycarbonate, di- Peroxydicarbon
- the type and amount can be appropriately selected and used depending on the reaction temperature, monomer concentration, etc., and usually 0.01 to 10% by mass is used per 100% by mass of the monomer used.
- the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) is a block copolymer comprising a block composed of a chain of structural units derived from ethylene hydrocarbon and / or conjugated diene hydrocarbon and a block composed of a chain derived from styrene. And / or a hydrogenated block copolymer that is a hydrogenated product thereof.
- the content of these block copolymers and hydrogenated block copolymers is preferably 0.05% by mass or more and 1.5% by mass or less with respect to 100% by mass of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C). More preferably, it is 0.1 mass% or more and 1.0 mass% or less.
- the release agent can be dispersed in the binder resin without impairing the toner storage stability and fluidity. This makes it easy to obtain a toner with excellent resistance to photoconductor contamination.
- the production method is not limited, and those produced by other conventionally known production methods may be used.
- some of the above block copolymers have unsaturated double bonds. These may be used as a hydrogenated product by reacting an unsaturated double bond with hydrogen by a known method.
- block copolymer commercially available Kraton (Clayton Polymer Co., Ltd.) (styrene-ethylene / butylene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS), styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer, styrene-isoprene- Styrene block copolymer, styrene-ethylene / propylene-styrene block copolymer, styrene-ethylene / propylene block copolymer), Kuraray Septon (styrene-ethylene / propylene block copolymer, styrene) -Hydrogenated product of isoprene-based block copolymer), and taffprene (styrene-butadiene-based block copolymer) manufactured by Asahi Kasei.
- SEBS styrene-ethylene / butylene-styrene
- the high molecular weight vinyl resin (H) has a peak at a molecular weight of 150,000 or more and less than 350,000, more preferably 160000 or more and less than 300,000 in the chromatogram of THF-soluble GPC. It is preferable for realizing a balance between offset property and durability.
- the peak molecular weight is less than 150,000, the strength of the resin is insufficient, resulting in a decrease in durability when the toner is used, or in the formation of a crosslinked body by reaction with a glycidyl group described later, the crosslinking formation is insufficient and the offset resistance May be reduced.
- the binder resin tends to thicken by reaction with the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin, but a large amount of unreacted high molecular weight vinyl resin tends to remain when adjusted to the proper viscoelasticity range of the toner, Unreacted high molecular weight vinyl resin may cause a decrease in fixability.
- the high molecular weight vinyl resin (H) preferably has an acid value (AVH) of 3 to 30 mgKOH / g, more preferably 5 to 28 mgKOH / g in terms of toner fixing property and offset resistance.
- AAVH acid value
- the acid value is lower than 3 mgKOH / g, reaction with a glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin described later hardly occurs, and the offset resistance of the toner may deteriorate.
- the acid value exceeds 30 mgKOH / g, the reaction with the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin occurs too much and the viscosity is excessively increased. As a result, the loss elastic modulus in the fixing temperature range of the toner becomes too high and the fixing performance is deteriorated. There is a case.
- the high molecular weight vinyl resin (H) is not necessarily a single polymer, and two or more high molecular weight vinyl resins may be used. In that case, it is preferable that the high molecular weight vinyl resin (H) as a whole satisfies the above characteristics.
- a carboxyl group-containing monomer is added during the polymerization, or added separately in the early and late stages of the polymerization, so that a portion containing a large amount of carboxyl groups and carboxyl It is possible to intentionally create a portion that contains a small amount of groups.
- the low molecular weight vinyl resin (L) preferably has a THF soluble component having a peak at a molecular weight of 3000 or more and less than 25000 in the GPC chromatogram in order to obtain good fixing performance. Furthermore, it is preferable to have a peak at a molecular weight of 4000 or more and less than 22000. When the peak molecular weight is less than 3000, there are cases where adverse effects on the storage stability and durability of the toner are likely to occur. When the peak molecular weight is 25000 or more, the fixing performance and smear resistance may be deteriorated.
- the low molecular weight vinyl resin (L) has an acid value (AVL) of 2 to 20 mgKOH / g, more preferably 3 to 18 mgKOH / g, in order to exhibit excellent fixing performance and offset resistance.
- ADL acid value
- the compatibility with the high molecular weight vinyl resin (H) may be excessively deteriorated, resulting in a decrease in durability and a fine offset, which is more than 20 mgKOH / g.
- the reactivity with the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) increases, the reaction between the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) and the high molecular weight vinyl resin (H) is substantially inhibited, and the low molecular weight vinyl resin (L) itself has a high molecular weight, which may cause deterioration of offset resistance, fixing property, and smear resistance.
- the low molecular weight vinyl resin (L) needs to have the above-mentioned characteristics, but is not necessarily a single polymer, and two or more kinds of low molecular weight vinyl resins may be used. In that case, it is preferable that the low molecular weight vinyl resin (L) as a whole satisfies the above-described characteristics.
- a carboxyl group-containing monomer is added during the polymerization, or added separately in the early and late stages of the polymerization, so that a portion containing a large amount of carboxyl groups and carboxyl It is possible to intentionally create a portion that contains a small amount of groups.
- the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) in the present invention comprises at least one styrene monomer and acrylic monomer (including methacrylic monomer) and at least one glycidyl group-containing monomer. And obtained by using a known polymerization method.
- the styrene monomer and acrylic monomer (including methacrylic monomers) in the present invention the monomers exemplified in the description of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) are preferable.
- glycidyl group-containing monomer in the present invention glycidyl acrylate, ⁇ -methyl glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, ⁇ -methyl glycidyl methacrylate, and the like are preferable, preferably glycidyl methacrylate, ⁇ -methyl glycidyl methacrylate. It is.
- the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) has a THF-soluble component having a peak at a molecular weight of 30,000 to 70,000, more preferably 30,000 to 60,000 in the GPC chromatogram, and an epoxy value of 0.003 to 0.00. 100 Eq / 100 g, more preferably 0.003 to 0.080 Eq / 100 g.
- the peak molecular weight and epoxy value of the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) are equal to or higher than the above lower limit values, durability when used as a toner is improved, and image degradation does not occur due to toner destruction in long-term continuous printing, so-called Development maintenance characteristics are improved.
- the reaction between the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) increases the molecular weight of the high molecular weight component and imparts appropriate elasticity to the binder resin. Performance is good. If the peak molecular weight is too small or the epoxy value is too small, the elasticity of the binder resin may be insufficient and a decrease in offset resistance may occur. On the other hand, if the peak molecular weight is too large or the epoxy value is too large, the elasticity of the binder resin becomes too large, and the fixability and smear resistance may deteriorate.
- the epoxy value is the number of moles of epoxy groups present in 100 g of resin, and the measurement can be performed according to JIS K-7236.
- the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) is not necessarily a single polymer, and two or more glycidyl group-containing vinyl resins may be used. In that case, it is preferable that the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) as a whole satisfies the above characteristics.
- a glycidyl group-containing monomer is added during the polymerization, or added separately in the early and late stages of the polymerization, so that a portion containing a large amount of carboxyl groups and a carboxyl It is possible to intentionally create a portion that contains a small amount of groups.
- the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity in the present invention is obtained by polycondensing an alcohol component selected from an aliphatic diol having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and a carboxylic acid component selected from an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 4 to 6 carbon atoms. It is preferable to be obtained.
- Examples of the alcohol component selected from aliphatic diols having 2 to 4 carbon atoms include ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, and carboxylic acid components selected from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 6 carbon atoms include succinic acid and adipine. Acids and their anhydrides or alkyl esters are mentioned.
- aliphatic monocarboxylic acids such as octanoic acid, decanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and octanol
- Aliphatic monoalcohols such as decanol, dodecanol, myristyl alcohol, palmityl alcohol and stearyl alcohol can also be used as long as the physical properties are not impaired.
- the ester group of the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity By using an alcohol component selected from the above aliphatic diols having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and a carboxylic acid component selected from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, the ester group of the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity The concentration increases and the hydrophilicity increases, and the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity hardly dissolves in the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) or the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E). That is, plasticization of the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity is difficult to occur. As a result, it is possible to obtain a toner having excellent storage stability and excellent resistance to photoconductor contamination.
- the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity according to the present invention is a carboxylic acid component having a double bond represented by fumaric acid or an alcohol component having a double bond as a raw material alcohol component or carboxylic acid component. It is preferable not to contain.
- the temperature during the polycondensation reaction of the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity is generally 120 ° C. to 250 ° C., preferably 130 ° C. to 240 ° C., more preferably 140 ° C. to 230 ° C.
- the reaction temperature is lower than 120 ° C, the reaction time may be extended and the productivity may be lowered.
- the reaction temperature is higher than 250 ° C, the resin may be decomposed.
- a catalyst In the polycondensation reaction, it is preferable to add a catalyst because the reaction proceeds quickly.
- a known polycondensation reaction catalyst can be used.
- a catalyst containing an element such as tin, antimony, titanium, germanium, or aluminum can be given.
- the tin-containing catalyst include dibutyltin oxide.
- the catalyst containing antimony include antimony trioxide.
- the titanium-containing catalyst it is more preferable to use titanium alkoxide, titanium acylate, titanium chelate, etc., particularly preferably tetranormal butyl titanate, tetra (2-ethylhexyl) titanate, tetramethyl titanate, tetraisopropyl titanate. Is preferably used.
- the catalyst containing germanium include germanium dioxide.
- the addition amount of the catalyst is preferably 0.01 to 0.50 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the monomer.
- the above catalysts may be used alone or in combination. Further, the catalyst may be added at the start of polymerization or during the polymerization.
- a catalyst different from a catalyst containing tin or antimony particularly a catalyst containing titanium.
- examples of the titanium-containing catalyst include the same compounds as described above.
- titanium alkoxides corresponding to the above-mentioned catalyst containing titanium include: ORGATIX TA-25 (tetranormal butyl titanate), TA-30 (tetra (2-ethylhexyl) titanate), TA-70 ( Tetramethyl titanate), etc., as titanium acylates, such as orgatics TPHS (polyhydroxytitanium stearate), etc., and as titanium chelates, as organics TC-401 (titanium tetraacetylacetonate), TC-200 (titanium octylene glyco) Rate), TC-750 (titanium ethyl acetoacetate), TC-310 (titanium lactate), TC-400 (titanium triethanolamate) and the like (all of which are manufactured by Matsumoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.). Limited to this Not intended to be.
- the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity has a molecular weight distribution measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of a chloroform soluble content in a region of 5000 to 15000, preferably 6000 to 14000.
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- a peak is preferable from the viewpoints of storage stability, durability, and resistance to contamination of the photoreceptor.
- the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity is easily dissolved in the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E).
- the storage stability and the resistance to contamination of the photoreceptor may be deteriorated, and when higher than 15000, the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) And the dispersibility of the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) and the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity in these reactants are deteriorated, and the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity falls off when used as a toner, and is durable. May cause a decrease in
- the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity in the present invention has an endothermic peak derived from the crystalline melting point at 75 ° C. or higher and 120 ° C. or lower, preferably 80 ° C. or higher and 115 ° C. or lower, as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It is preferable from the viewpoint of the balance of fixability, smear resistance, and storage stability.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- the preservability may be deteriorated.
- the melting point exceeds 120 ° C.
- the storage stability is improved, but the saturated polyester (S) having sufficient crystallinity is not melted when fixing the toner, and the fixing property is not effective. There is a case.
- the acid value of the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity is preferably 25 mgKOH / g or more and 70 mgKOH / g or less, and preferably 30 mgKOH / g or more and 65 mgKOH / g or less from the viewpoint of the durability of the toner.
- the acid value is lower than 25 mgKOH / g, it has crystallinity in the dispersion step of the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity in the reaction of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) described later.
- the toner may fall off and the durability of the toner may deteriorate.
- the structure of the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity is dissolved in xylene, which is a poor solvent for the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity, and the xylene-insoluble component is thoroughly hydrolyzed, followed by distillation or LC.
- xylene which is a poor solvent for the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity
- xylene-insoluble component is thoroughly hydrolyzed, followed by distillation or LC.
- IR and analysis methods such as gas chromatography (GC) in addition to IR, NMR, LC and MS, it can be specified.
- the metal component (M) selected from Zn (zinc), Ca (calcium), Mg (magnesium), Al (aluminum), and Ba (barium) (excluding the metal oxide) is crystalline. Is dispersed in a saturated polyester (S) having Since the metal component (M) is not intended for a sliding effect, it does not segregate on the surface layer of the toner like the metal contained in the external additive as a lubricant.
- the metal component (M) according to the present invention is dispersed in the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity.
- the metal component (M) which concerns on this invention exists in the saturated polyester (S) which has crystallinity. That is, in the case of a binder resin for toner, it can be confirmed by performing a scanning electron microscope (SEM) / X-ray microanalyzer (XMA) mapping analysis at a magnification of 1000 to 5000 after trimming and surface exposure. In the case of the toner, the toner can be first embedded in an epoxy resin and then confirmed by the same operation as that for the binder resin. On the other hand, the fact that the metal contained in the external additive is segregated on the toner surface layer can be confirmed by performing a scanning electron microscope (SEM) / X-ray microanalyzer (XMA) mapping analysis.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- XMA X-ray microanalyzer
- the metal component (M) according to the present invention does not contain a metal oxide. That is, the metal component (M) does not include the metal component contained in this magnetic material.
- the metal component (M) and magnetic substance (metal oxide) according to the present invention can be distinguished by dissolving a resin or toner in THF and taking out the magnetic substance using a magnet or the like. A metal component contained in the extracted magnetic material can be analyzed by a known method such as X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF).
- XRF X-ray fluorescence analysis
- the metal component (M) can be a metal component (M) selected from Zn, Ca, Mg, Al, and Ba derived from an organometallic salt. More specifically, the metal component (M) can be a metal component (M) selected from Zn, Ca, Mg, Al, and Ba derived from a fatty acid metal salt represented by the following general formula.
- n is an integer of 11 to 22
- m is an integer of 2 to 3
- M is preferably a metal selected from Zn, Ca, Mg, Al, and Ba.
- the metal component (M) is 0.10% by mass or more and 5.0% by mass or less, preferably 0.10% by mass or more and 2.0% by mass or less, based on 100% by mass of the crystalline polyester (S). More preferably, the content is 0.15% by mass or more and 0.95% by mass or less.
- the metal component (M) is based on a total of 100% by mass of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C), the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E), these reactants, and the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity.
- the content is preferably 0.011% by mass or more and 1% by mass or less, more preferably 0.011% by mass or more and 0.15% by mass or less, and further preferably 0.011% by mass or more and 0.001% by mass or less. More preferably, the content is 12% by mass or less.
- the weight of the binder resin for toner of the present invention or the metal component (M) in the toner can be measured by a known analysis method such as XRF.
- the metal component (M) derived from the fatty acid metal salt By containing the metal component (M) derived from the fatty acid metal salt within the above range, a toner excellent in offset resistance, storage stability, durability, and resistance to photoconductor contamination can be obtained. Moreover, since the fatty acid metal salt is insoluble in the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity, it exists as a domain in the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity, and the portion functions as a crystal nucleating agent. Promotes crystallization. As a result, the amorphous portion having a very low glass transition temperature (Tg) present in the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity can be reduced, and a toner having excellent storage stability can be obtained.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the fatty acid metal salt when the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity once melted at the time of fixing the toner is cooled and solidified, the crystallinity is lowered and the fixed toner is softened. Although the smear resistance is lowered, the addition of a fatty acid metal salt increases the crystallization speed during cooling, so that softening can be prevented and smear resistance is improved.
- the said fatty acid metal salt has a function as a catalyst in the reaction process of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) described later. Therefore, when the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity contains a fatty acid metal salt, the saturated polyester having crystallinity in the reaction step of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E). Saturated polyester (S) in which the reaction of carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) is accelerated near the interface between (S) and both vinyl resins, and the kneading share is efficiently crystalline. Acts on.
- the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity is easily dispersed in the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C), the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) and the reaction product thereof, and the saturated polyester having crystallinity (S ) Is less likely to fall out of the toner and exhibits excellent durability, and the formation of a crosslinked body is facilitated, so that a toner having excellent offset resistance can be obtained.
- the production process of the binder resin of the present invention includes a reaction process of a carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and a glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E).
- a vinyl resin containing styrene as a raw material is As it is heated to a higher temperature, styrene is more likely to be generated as a volatile component by depolymerization. Therefore, when the temperature of the reaction is high, volatile components such as styrene are likely to increase.
- the addition of the fatty acid metal salt can reduce volatile components such as styrene generated in the production process of the binder resin, and can ultimately reduce the volatile components contained in the toner. This is presumably because the addition of the fatty acid metal salt promotes the crosslinking reaction, so that the crosslinking reaction can be sufficiently performed even if the kneading temperature is lowered.
- the minimum value of storage modulus (G ′) at 50 ° C. to 200 ° C. is larger than when no fatty acid metal salt is added. It is thought that the performance to perform is remarkably improved. From the above, first, an organic metal salt (the above fatty acid metal salt) is added to the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity to obtain a mixture. Thereafter, the obtained mixture, the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C), and the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) are preferably mixed.
- this catalytic action allows the reaction of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) at low temperatures, so that the crystallinity of the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity is not lowered. Dispersion is possible and toner storage stability can be improved.
- Examples of the fatty acid metal salt in the present invention include lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid Zn salt, Ca salt, Mg salt, Al salt, Ba salt and the like, particularly preferably zinc stearate. is there.
- the fatty acid metal salt in the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity After the polyester is heated to the melting point or higher and 200 ° C. or lower, the fatty acid metal salt is added and dispersed while stirring.
- the added amount of the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity is selected from the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C), the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E), and their reaction products, and the saturated polyester having crystallinity ( 1% by mass or more and 25% by mass or less, and further 3% by mass or more and 23% by mass or less with respect to a total of 100% by mass of S) are low temperature fixability, offset resistance, smear resistance, storage stability and durability. From the viewpoint of the overall balance between the photoconductive properties and the photoconductor contamination resistance.
- the addition amount is less than the lower limit, the low-temperature fixability and smear resistance are deteriorated and the reaction between the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) described later is not accelerated and offset resistance is deteriorated.
- the amount added is greater than the upper limit, the storage stability, durability, and resistance to contamination of the photoreceptor may be deteriorated.
- the melting point is ⁇ 50 ° C. or more and 0 ° C. or less with respect to the melting point of the crystalline saturated polyester (S), and the melting point is 60 ° C. or more and 120 ° C. or less.
- S crystalline saturated polyester
- aliphatic hydrocarbon waxes such as low molecular weight polyethylene, low molecular weight polypropylene, polyolefin copolymers, polyolefin wax, paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, and Fischer-Tropsch wax, and oxidized polyethylene wax.
- Oxide of aliphatic hydrocarbon wax candelilla wax, carnauba wax, plant wax like wax, rice wax, jojoba wax, animal wax like beeswax, lanolin, whale wax, ozokerite, ceresin, petrolatum Mineral waxes such as, waxes based on fatty acid esters such as montanic acid esters and castor waxes, waxes obtained by deoxidizing a part or all of fatty acid esters such as deoxidized carnauba wax, In addition, saturated straight-chain fatty acids such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, montanic acid, or further long-chain alkyl carboxylic acids having a long-chain alkyl group, unsaturated fatty acids such as brassic acid, eleostearic acid, valinalic acid , Stearyl alcohol, eicosyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, carnauvir alcohol, seryl alcohol, melyl alcohol, or saturated alcohols such as long chain alkyl alcohols having a
- Olefination by the methyl ester compound possessed, as well as by ethylene polymerization and thermal cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons
- release agents may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- at least one release agent has a melting point of the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity. What is necessary is just to have melting
- the melting point of the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity is equal to or lower than the melting point of the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity, preferably from ⁇ 50 ° C. to 0 ° C., more preferably from ⁇ 45 ° C. to 0 ° C.
- At least one mold release agent having a melting point at or below ° C is required.
- the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity in the present invention is mainly composed of an alcohol component selected from aliphatic diols having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and a carboxylic acid component selected from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 6 carbon atoms. Since it contains almost no long-chain alkyl unit, the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity itself has no releasability. Therefore, when the melting point of all the release agents contained is higher than the melting point of the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity, the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity is used when fixing the toner to paper. May melt before the release agent and adhere to the fixing roll, causing offset. For this reason, it is preferable that melting
- these release agents are used for high molecular weight vinyl resin (H), low molecular weight vinyl resin (L), carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C), glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin. (E) or a process for producing a saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity, or a reaction process for a carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and a glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) described later, or addition in each step It is preferable to do.
- the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) from a block consisting of a chain of structural units derived from a solvent and an ethylene-based hydrocarbon and / or conjugated diene hydrocarbon and a block consisting of a chain derived from styrene.
- the solvent is removed by adding a release agent in the presence of the block copolymer and / or a hydrogenated block copolymer that is a hydrogenated product thereof.
- it is not limited to these addition methods, and it can be added by the above-described method or a combination thereof, and can be added at the time of toner production as necessary.
- the amount of the release agent added is 100% by mass in total of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C), the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E), and their reaction products and crystalline saturated polyester (S). On the other hand, it is preferably 1% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, and more preferably 2% by mass or more and 8% by mass or less from the viewpoint of the balance between offset resistance and storage stability.
- the addition amount of the release agent is less than 1% by mass, there is no effect in suppressing the offset of the crystalline saturated polyester (S), and when it exceeds 10% by mass, the release agent tends to plasticize the binder resin.
- the binder resin of the present invention is characterized by containing the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C), the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E), a reaction product thereof, and a saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity, Further, it contains a release agent having a melting point lower than that of the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity. With such a configuration, it is possible to obtain a toner having an excellent balance of low-temperature fixability, offset resistance, smear resistance, storage stability, durability, and resistance to photoconductor contamination.
- the binder resin of the present invention has a loss elastic modulus (G ′′) at a measurement frequency of 6.28 radians / second and a measurement range of 50 ° C. to 200 ° C. of 70 ° C. to 85 ° C., and further 70 ° C. to 82 ° C. It preferably has one peak.
- G ′′ loss elastic modulus
- the peak of loss elastic modulus (G ′′) is the peak on the highest temperature side among the maximum values observed in the measurement temperature range of 50 ° C. to 200 ° C.
- the resin melts at a temperature higher than this peak temperature. start. Therefore, this peak temperature is a measure of the heat resistance of the binder resin and toner.
- this peak temperature is lower than 70 ° C.
- fixing to paper is started at a lower temperature, so that low temperature fixability and smear resistance are improved, but the toner starts to soften from a lower temperature and the external additive is buried in the toner surface.
- the storage stability may be deteriorated, which may be caused by the toner
- the toner contamination resistance may be deteriorated, which may be caused by the toner melting due to frictional heat between the photoreceptor and the cleaning blade.
- the crystalline component causes plasticization of the binder resin, or the amorphous part softens the binder resin, so heat resistance is likely to be impaired.
- the peak temperature of G ′′ of the toner it is possible to control the peak temperature of G ′′ of the toner and adjust the heat resistance by reducing the amorphous part of the crystalline component or preventing plasticization, thereby reducing the low temperature fixability and smear resistance.
- This is important in order to obtain a toner having an excellent balance between storage properties and storage stability.
- the peak temperature is higher than 85 ° C., the storage stability and the resistance to contamination of the photoreceptor are improved, but the toner is difficult to melt even at a high temperature, and the low-temperature fixability and smear resistance may be impaired.
- the binder resin of the present invention has a loss elastic modulus (G ′′) value at 120 ° C. of 0.3 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or more and 2.7 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or less, and further 0.3 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or more. It is preferable that it is 2.5 * 10 ⁇ 4 > Pa or less.
- G ′′ loss elastic modulus
- the minimum value of the storage elastic modulus (G ′) at 50 ° C. to 200 ° C. is 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Pa or more and 1.5 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or less, and further 5.0 ⁇ 10 2 Pa. It is preferably 1.2 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or less from the viewpoint of the balance between fixability, smear resistance and offset resistance. If it is lower than the lower limit value, offset resistance may be insufficient, and if it exceeds the upper limit value, fixability and smear resistance performance may be inferior.
- the peak of the loss elastic modulus (G ′′) and the value of the loss elastic modulus (G ′′) at 120 ° C. within the above range, for example, as saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity, Saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity by using a product obtained by polycondensation of an alcohol component selected from 4 aliphatic diols and a carboxylic acid component selected from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 6 carbon atoms It can be adjusted by controlling the structure and melting point.
- the metal component (M) in the saturated polyester (S) having such crystallinity the crosslinking reaction is promoted as described above, and the storage elastic modulus (G ′) is minimized at 50 to 200 ° C.
- the value can be in the above range.
- the binder resin of the present invention preferably has an acid value of 4.5 mgKOH / g or more and 30 mgKOH / g or less, more preferably 5.0 mgKOH / g or more and 20 mgKOH / g or less from the viewpoint of durability.
- the binder resin of the present invention has a THF-soluble component having a peak in a GPC chromatogram in a region having a molecular weight of 3000 or more and less than 25000, preferably in a region of 4000 or more and less than 22000.
- the peak is the highest peak in the GPC chromatogram.
- the toner has good fixability, durability, and storage stability.
- the molecular weight of the peak is less than 3000, the resin strength tends to decrease or the oligomer component tends to increase, and as a result, adverse effects on the storability and durability of the toner are likely to occur.
- the molecular weight is 25000 or more, the value of loss elastic modulus (G ′′) at 120 ° C. becomes too high, and the resin hardly melts and flows even at a high temperature, which may deteriorate the fixability.
- the binder resin of the present invention preferably contains a THF insoluble content of 3% by mass or more and less than 30% by mass, and more preferably 4% by mass or more and less than 25% by mass from the viewpoint of offset resistance.
- THF-insoluble content When the THF-insoluble content is lower than 3% by mass, the minimum value of the above storage elastic modulus (G ′) at 50 ° C. to 200 ° C. may become too low, and the offset resistance may be impaired.
- the minimum value of the elastic modulus (G ′) at 50 ° C. to 200 ° C. becomes too high and the fixing property and smear resistance are inferior, or the THF-insoluble and THF-soluble components cause phase separation. Insoluble matter may have no effect on offset resistance.
- the binder resin of the present invention contains a carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and a glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E), and further includes a carboxyl group derived from the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and a glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin ( It contains a crosslinking component produced by the reaction of the glycidyl group derived from E).
- the ratio (C / E) of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) to the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) is preferably 87/13 to 99/1, more preferably 89/11. ⁇ 97/3.
- the offset resistance decreases. May occur. This is because the molecular weight between the cross-linking points of the cross-linked product is shortened in the reaction of the carboxyl group and the glycidyl group, and the cross-linking component shrinks too much as the reaction proceeds, so that the low molecular component cannot enter the network structure of the cross-linked product. This is considered to be due to the fact that the phase separation with the non-crosslinking component is excessive and the effect of the crosslinking component on the offset resistance is lost.
- the ratio of the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) is lower than 1% by mass, the crosslinking component due to the reaction of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin and the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin is not sufficiently generated, and the offset resistance is poor. There is.
- a method of reacting the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E), the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and the glycidyl group in the presence of the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity As a method of reacting the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E), the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and the glycidyl group in the presence of the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity.
- a method of mixing and reacting the containing vinyl resin (E) in a molten state is preferable from the viewpoint of offset resistance and durability.
- Such a method can employ any conventionally known method, for example, a method in which both resins are charged in a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer and heated to react in a molten state, or a method in which a reaction is performed in the presence of a solvent to remove the solvent.
- a method using a twin-screw kneader is preferred. Specifically, the powder of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C), the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E), and the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity is mixed with a Henschel mixer or the like, and then used with a biaxial kneader. Melting and kneading, reacting method, or melting and kneading by feeding molten carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C), glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E) and crystalline saturated polyester (S) to a twin-screw kneader The method of making it react is mentioned.
- the temperature at the time of melt kneading and reaction varies depending on the functional group amount and molecular weight of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C) and glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E), but is preferably 100 ° C. to 220 ° C., more preferably 120 ° C.
- the temperature is in the range of 130 ° C. to 200 ° C., more preferably 130 ° C. to 180 ° C. If the reaction temperature is lower than 100 ° C., even if cross-linked body formation occurs, the kneading share is too strong and the formed cross-linked body may be cut, resulting in poor offset resistance.
- the crosslinking reaction proceeds too much, causing the crosslinking component to phase-separate from the non-crosslinking component, resulting in no effect on offset resistance, or depolymerization occurs and residual volatile content in the binder resin increases, resulting in toner Problems such as development maintaining characteristics and odor may occur.
- water is added to the biaxial kneader, preferably at a pressure of 1 MPa to 3 MPa, more preferably at a pressure of 1.7 MPa to 2.3 MPa. It is preferably injected in an amount of 0.5 to 2.5 parts by mass, more preferably 1.0 to 2.0 parts by mass with respect to parts by mass. Then, a method of removing water and volatile components by reducing the pressure preferably from 0.001 to 0.200 MPa, more preferably from 0.050 to 0.150 MPa, from the pressure reducing port provided on the outlet side from the press fitting is preferable.
- the pressure is a value obtained by subtracting the atmospheric pressure from the gauge pressure, that is, the absolute pressure based on the vacuum.
- the resin thus obtained is cooled and pulverized to obtain a binder resin for toner.
- Any conventionally known method can be adopted as the cooling and pulverizing method.
- a cooling method it is possible to rapidly cool using a steel belt cooler or the like.
- the toner of the present invention preferably contains a charge control agent in order to maintain positive chargeability or negative chargeability.
- a conventionally known charge control agent can be used.
- positively chargeable charge control agents include modified products of nigrosine and fatty acid metal salts; quaternary ammonium salts such as tributylbenzylammonium-1-hydroxy-4-naphthosulfonate and tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate And onium salts such as phosphonium salts which are analogs thereof and lake pigments thereof; triphenylmethane dyes and lake pigments thereof (as rake agents, phosphotungstic acid, phosphomolybdic acid, phosphotungsten molybdic acid, Tannic acid, lauric acid, gallic acid, ferricyanide, ferrocyanide, etc.); metal salts of higher fatty acids; diorganotin oxides such as dibutyltin oxide, dioctyltin oxide, dicyclohexyltin oxide; dibutyltin borate, dioctyl Copolymers of diorganotin borates such as t
- organometallic complexes and chelate compounds are effective, and monoazo metal complexes, acetylacetone metal complexes, aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid metal complexes, aromatic dicarboxylic acid metal complexes, and aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids.
- acids aromatic carboxylic acids, aromatic polycarboxylic acids and their metal salts, anhydrides, esters, bisphenol derivatives such as bisphenol
- the coordination center metal is Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Co
- An azo metal compound selected from Ni, Mn, and Fe and a cation selected from hydrogen ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, and ammonium ion
- a coordination center metal is Cr, Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Ti, Zr Zn, Si, B, Al and the cation is hydrogen ion, sodium ion, potassium ion
- Metal compounds of aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid derivatives and aromatic polycarboxylic acid derivatives selected from um ion, ammonium ion and aliphatic ammonium (aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid derivatives and aromatic polycarboxylic acids are substituted with alkyl groups, aryl groups Cycloalkyl group, alkenyl group, alkoxy group, aryloxy group, hydroxy
- the addition amount of the charge control agent to the toner is preferably 0.05 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the binder resin, from the balance between the charge amount and the fluidity of the toner. Further, the content is 0.2 to 3% by mass.
- a method of adding to the inside of the toner, a method of external addition, or a combination thereof can be applied.
- the color toner of the present invention contains a colorant. Conventionally known pigments and dyes can be used as the colorant.
- pigments include mineral fast yellow, navel yellow, naphthol yellow S, Hansa yellow G, permanent yellow NCG, tartrazine lake, molybdenum orange, permanent orange GTR, pyrazolone orange, benzidine orange G, permanent red 4R, and watching red calcium.
- Salt Eosin Lake, Brilliant Carmine 3B, Manganese Purple, Fast Violet B, Methyl Violet Lake, Cobalt Blue, Alkaline Blue Lake, Victoria Blue Lake, Phthalocyanine Blue, Fast Sky Blue, Indanthrene Blue BC, Chrome Green, Pigment Green B , Malachite green lake, final yellow green G and the like.
- the color pigment for magenta include C.I. I.
- Examples of the color pigment for cyan include C.I. I. Pigment Blue 2, 3, 15, 15: 1, 15: 2, 15: 3, 16, 17, C.I. I. Acid Blue 6, C.I.
- the color pigment for yellow include C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 65, 73, 74, 83, 93, 97, 155, 180, 185, C.I. I. Bat yellow 1, 3, 20 etc. are mentioned.
- the black pigment include carbon black such as furnace black, channel black, acetylene black, thermal black, and lamp black.
- Examples of the dye include C.I. I. Direct Red 1, C.I. I. Direct Red 4, C.I. I. Acid Red 1, C.I. I. Basic Red 1, C.I. I.
- the addition amount of the colorant to the toner is preferably 0.05 to 20% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 15% by mass, and further preferably 0.2 to 10% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the binder resin. It is.
- a magnetic material can be used in place of these colorants.
- the magnetic material include metal oxides containing elements such as iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, magnesium, manganese, aluminum, and silicon. Specifically, iron tetroxide, iron sesquioxide, zinc iron oxide, Iron yttrium oxide, iron cadmium oxide, iron gadolinium oxide, copper iron oxide, lead iron oxide, nickel iron oxide, iron neodymium oxide, barium iron oxide, magnesium iron oxide, iron manganese oxide, iron lanthanum oxide, iron powder, cobalt powder, Nickel powder etc. are mentioned. These magnetic materials may be used in combination of two or more as required.
- the shape is preferably a sphere, octahedron, or hexahedron, and more preferably a sphere is used from the viewpoint of uniformly dispersing the magnetic powder in the toner.
- the BET specific surface area of the magnetic powder by nitrogen adsorption method is preferably 1 to 30 m 2 / g, more preferably 2 to 20 m 2 / g, and a Mohs hardness of 4 is preferable. It is preferable to use magnetic powders of 8 to 8.
- the average particle size of the magnetic material is preferably 0.01 to 0.8 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.05 to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the magnetic properties of the magnetic material, coercivity 1 at 795.8 kA / m applied 20 kA / m, saturation magnetization of 50 - 200 Am 2 / kg, residual magnetization is preferably from 1 to 20 Am 2 / kg.
- the addition amount of the magnetic substance is preferably 4 to 200% by mass, more preferably 10 to 170% by mass, and further 20 to 150% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the binder resin.
- the toner of the present invention may be used within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention as necessary, for example, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyester, polyvinyl butyral, polyurethane, polyamide, polystyrene, rosin, polymerized rosin, modified rosin, A terpene resin, a phenol resin, an aromatic petroleum resin, a vinyl chloride resin, a styrene-butadiene resin, a styrene- (meth) acrylic copolymer, a chroman-indene resin, a melamine resin, or the like may be partially added.
- a method of dispersing a colorant in a binder resin or a raw material resin in advance to produce a so-called master batch and adding it to the toner may be performed.
- 20 to 60% by mass of a colorant and 80 to 40% by mass of a resin component are mixed in a powder state, and the resulting mixture is batch-type such as a twin-screw kneader, an open roll kneader, or a pressure kneader.
- a product kneaded with a kneader or the like and pulverized may be used at the time of toner production.
- the surface treatment agent is preferably present between the toner and the carrier or between the toners by adding a surface treatment agent to the surface of the toner.
- a surface treating agent powder fluidity, storage stability, charging stability, and environmental stability can be improved, and the life of the developer can be further improved.
- the surface treatment agent can be used as the surface treatment agent.
- examples thereof include silica fine powder, titanium oxide fine powder, and hydrophobized products thereof.
- silica fine powder wet silica, dry silica, a composite of dry silica and metal oxide, or the like can be used, and those obtained by hydrophobizing them with an organosilicon compound or the like can be used.
- the hydrophobizing treatment include a method in which a silica fine powder produced by vapor phase oxidation of a silicon halogen compound is treated with a silane compound and treated with an organosilicon compound.
- silane compound used for the hydrophobization treatment examples include hexamethyldisilazane, trimethylsilane, trimethylchlorosilane, trimethylethoxysilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, methyltrichlorosilane, allyldimethylchlorosilane, allylphenyldichlorosilane, and benzyl.
- organosilicon compound used for the hydrophobizing treatment examples include silicone oils such as dimethyl silicone oil, methylphenyl silicone oil, ⁇ -methylstyrene modified silicone oil, chlorophenyl silicone oil, and fluorine modified silicone oil. Further, fine titanium oxide powder treated with oil, fine particles of vinyl resin of 0.03 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m, and the like may be used.
- Other surface treatment agents include lubricants such as polyfluorinated ethylene, zinc stearate, and polyvinylidene fluoride, abrasives such as cerium oxide, silicon carbide, strontium titanate, magnetic powder, and alumina, carbon black, zinc oxide, and oxidation. Conductivity imparting agents such as antimony and tin oxide may also be used.
- the surface treatment agent has various shapes such as particles having a small particle size of 100 nm or less, particles having a large particle size of 100 nm or more, octahedral shape, hexahedral shape, needle shape, fiber shape, etc. May be used. You may use a surface treating agent individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the addition amount of the surface treatment agent is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by mass in 100 parts by mass of the toner.
- a conventionally known carrier can be used.
- These carriers may be those whose surface is coated with a styrene resin, an acrylic resin, a silicone resin, a polyester resin, a fluorine resin, or the like.
- a magnetic carrier having a magnetic fine particle dispersed core in which magnetic fine particles are dispersed in a resin and a coating layer containing a coating resin for coating the surface of the magnetic fine particle dispersed core may be used.
- the color toner obtained by the present invention can be used in various known development processes. For example, but not limited to, the cascade development method, the magnetic brush method, the powder cloud method, the touchdown development method, the so-called microtoning method using a magnetic toner produced by a pulverization method as a carrier, and frictional charging between magnetic toners. For example, a so-called bipolar magnetic toner method for obtaining toner charge may be used. Further, the color toner obtained by the present invention can be used in various cleaning methods such as a conventionally known fur brush method and blade method. The color toner obtained by the present invention can be used in various conventionally known fixing methods.
- an oilless heat roll method an oil application heat roll method, a heat belt fixing method, a flash method, an oven method, and a pressure fixing method.
- the toner of the present invention is produced by a conventionally known method.
- a binder resin and a colorant, and if necessary, other additives such as a release agent and a charge control agent are sufficiently mixed by a powder mixer such as a Henschel mixer, and then a twin-screw kneader or an open roll kneader.
- a powder mixer such as a Henschel mixer
- twin-screw kneader or an open roll kneader Each constituent component is sufficiently mixed by melting and kneading using a kneader or the like.
- the toner may be spheroidized by a surface treatment apparatus or the like.
- the surface treatment method include a method in which the toner is spheroidized by flowing it into a high-temperature air jet, and a method in which the corners of the toner are removed by mechanical impact, and these surface treatments are performed for the purpose of improving image quality.
- the average circularity measured by a flow type particle image measuring apparatus (for example, FIPA-3000 manufactured by Sysmex Corporation) may be adjusted to 0.960 or more.
- the toner of the present invention includes at least a carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C), a glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E), a reaction product thereof, and a saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity.
- Carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C), glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E), and these can be reacted to form a crosslinking component, whereby a toner having excellent fixability and offset resistance can be obtained.
- the saturated polyester (S) having a low viscosity of the toner near the melting point of the crystalline polyester the fixability can be further improved, and the crystalline polyester is present on the surface of the fixed toner.
- the toner having excellent smear resistance can be obtained by reducing the frictional resistance of the fixed toner surface.
- the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity used in the present invention has a melting point of 75 ° C. or higher and 120 ° C. or lower, preferably 80 ° C. or higher and 115 ° C. or lower, and is selected from Zn, Ca, Mg, Al and Ba Contains component (M).
- the metal component (M) (excluding the metal oxide of the magnetic material) is derived from the fatty acid metal salt represented by the general formula 1, and the metal component (M) with respect to 100% by mass of the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity. ) In an amount of 0.10% by mass to 5.0% by mass, preferably 0.10% by mass to 2.0% by mass, more preferably 0.15% by mass to 0.95% by mass. It is characterized by that.
- the metal component (M) is based on a total of 100% by mass of the carboxyl group-containing vinyl resin (C), the glycidyl group-containing vinyl resin (E), these reactants, and the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity.
- the content is preferably 0.011% by mass or more and 1% by mass or less, more preferably 0.011% by mass or more and 0.15% by mass or less, and further preferably 0.011% by mass or more and 0.001% by mass or less. More preferably, the content is 12% by mass or less.
- the toner of the present invention is preferably at least one release agent having a melting point of ⁇ 50 ° C. or more and 0 ° C. or less, more preferably ⁇ 45 ° C. or more and 0 ° C. or less with respect to the melting point of the saturated polyester (S) having crystallinity.
- the agent is preferably contained in an amount of 1 to 10% by mass, more preferably 2 to 8% by mass.
- the toner of the present invention has one loss elastic modulus (G ′′) peak at a measurement frequency of 6.28 radians / second, preferably at 70 ° C. to 85 ° C., more preferably at 70 ° C. to 82 ° C.
- G ′′ at 120 ° C. is preferably 0.3 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or more and 2.7 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or less, more preferably 0.3 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or more and 2.5 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or less.
- the minimum value of the storage elastic modulus (G ′) at 50 ° C. to 200 ° C. is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 Pa to 1.5 ⁇ 10 4 Pa, more preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 2 Pa to 1 .2 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or less.
- the storage elastic modulus (G ′) and loss elastic modulus (G ′′) of the toner can be controlled by adjusting the storage elastic modulus (G ′) and loss elastic modulus (G ′′) of the toner binder resin.
- the heat resistance of the toner is improved and the toner has excellent storage stability and resistance to photoconductor contamination. Further, when the toner is fixed, the saturated polyester (S) having sufficient crystallinity is melted, and the viscosity of the binder resin is lowered, so that the toner having excellent fixability and smear resistance can be obtained.
- the toner of the present invention has a tetrahydrofuran (THF) soluble content in a molecular weight distribution measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), preferably in a region having a molecular weight of 3000 or more and less than 25000, more preferably 4000 or more and less than 22000. It has a peak. By having a main peak in the above range, a toner having good fixability, durability, and storage stability can be obtained.
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- the toner of the present invention preferably contains 3% by mass or more and less than 30% by mass, and more preferably 4% by mass or more and less than 25% by mass of the THF-insoluble matter derived from the binder resin, from the viewpoint of offset resistance.
- the offset resistance can be greatly improved without impairing the fixability and smear resistance.
- the data measurement method and determination method are as follows. Further, in the table, St represents styrene, Mac represents methacrylic acid, BA represents n-butyl acrylate, and GMA represents glycidyl methacrylate.
- the peak molecular weight (excluding the molecular weight of the polyester having crystallinity) in this example is determined by GPC (gel permeation chromatography), and is a converted molecular weight obtained by preparing a calibration curve with monodisperse standard polystyrene.
- the measurement conditions are as follows.
- GPC device SHODEX (registered trademark) GPC SYSTEM-21 (manufactured by Showa Denko KK)
- Detector SHODEX (registered trademark) RI SE-31 (manufactured by Showa Denko KK)
- Column One SHODEX (registered trademark) GPC KF-G, three GPC KF-807L, and one GPC KF-800D (manufactured by Showa Denko KK) were connected in series in this order.
- Solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF) Flow rate: 1.2 ml / min
- Sample concentration 0.002 g-resin / ml-THF
- Injection volume 100 ⁇ L
- a filter was used immediately before the measurement to remove components insoluble in THF. Further, when measuring the molecular weight of the toner, 10 parts by mass of the toner is sufficiently dissolved in 90 parts by mass of THF, and then 50 parts by mass of Simgon talc and 50 parts by mass of titanium (CR-95) are added, followed by centrifugation. The obtained supernatant was adjusted to a predetermined concentration and measured.
- the molecular weight of the polyester having crystallinity is also determined by GPC (gel permeation chromatography) method, and is a converted molecular weight obtained by preparing a calibration curve with monodisperse standard polystyrene.
- the measurement conditions are as follows.
- GPC device GPC Waters detector: Waters 2414 Column: One SHODEX (registered trademark) LF-G and one LF-804 (manufactured by Showa Denko KK) were connected in series in this order.
- Solvent Chloroform Flow rate: 1.0 ml / min
- Sample concentration 0.001 g-resin / ml-Chloroform Injection volume: 100 ⁇ L
- the sample solution used a filter immediately before the measurement to remove components insoluble in chloroform.
- the molecular weight of the main peak was calculated
- Tg ⁇ Glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting point> Tg in this example was measured by DSC-20 (manufactured by Seiko Denshi Kogyo Co., Ltd.) according to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). About 10 mg of the sample was heated from ⁇ 20 ° C. to 200 ° C. at 10 ° C./min, and Tg was determined from the intersection of the obtained curve base line and the endothermic peak slope. The melting points of the release agent and polyester were also determined from the endothermic peak using the above-mentioned apparatus.
- Epoxy value was calculated by the following procedure. A resin sample of 0.2 to 5 g was precisely weighed and placed in a 200 ml Erlenmeyer flask. Thereafter, 25 ml of dioxane was added and dissolved. 25 ml of 1/5 normal hydrochloric acid solution (dioxane solvent) was added, and the mixture was sealed and mixed well. Then, it left still for 30 minutes. Next, 50 ml of a toluene-ethanol mixed solution (1: 1 volume ratio) was added, and titrated with a 1/10 normal aqueous sodium hydroxide solution using cresol red as an indicator.
- Epoxy value (Eq / 100 g) [(B ⁇ S) ⁇ N ⁇ F] / (10 ⁇ W)
- W is the amount of sample collected (g)
- B is the amount of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution required for the blank test (ml)
- S is the amount of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution required for the sample test (ml)
- N is water.
- the normality of the aqueous sodium oxide solution and F is the titer of the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
- Viscoelastic device STRESS TECH rheometer (manufactured by Rheologica) Measurement mode: Oscillation strain control Measurement temperature range: 50 to 200 ° C Temperature increase rate: 2 ° C./minute Frequency: 1 Hz (6.28 radians / second) Gap: 1mm Plate: Parallel plate stress strain: 1% Sample shape: cylindrical shape with a thickness of 1 mm and a diameter of about 20 mm
- the THF-insoluble content of the binder resin in the present invention was determined as follows. 0.4 g of resin and 39.5 g of THF were put into a 50 ml glass sample tube with a lid, and the sample tube was stirred for 48 hours under the conditions of a rotation speed of 50 rpm and 22 ° C., and then allowed to stand at 22 ° C. for 48 hours. Then, the weight after drying the supernatant liquid 5g of a sample tube at 150 degreeC for 1 hour was measured, and the THF insoluble fraction (mass%) was computed by the following formula
- the THF-insoluble content of the toner is determined by measuring the THF-soluble content of the toner in the same manner as the insoluble content of the binder resin, and the weight is Xg.
- the amount of components other than resin in the toner was defined as Yg, and the THF insoluble fraction (% by mass) was calculated from the following formula.
- the rate of change was similarly measured by changing the density of the image, and the lowest value of the rate of change was taken as the minimum rate of change at each temperature.
- the average value of the respective minimum change rates at 130 ° C. and 150 ° C. was calculated as the fixing rate, and judged according to the following evaluation criteria.
- the hot roller fixing device used here did not have a silicone oil supply mechanism.
- the environmental conditions were normal temperature and normal pressure (temperature 22 ° C., relative humidity 55%). (Evaluation criteria) ⁇ : 65% ⁇ fixing rate ⁇ : 60% ⁇ fixing rate ⁇ 65% ⁇ : Fixing rate ⁇ 60%
- Offset resistance It carried out according to the measurement of the fixing evaluation. That is, an unfixed image was created by the copying machine. Thereafter, a fixing process was performed by the above-described heat roller fixing device, and it was observed whether or not toner smear occurred in the non-image portion.
- the set temperature of the heat roller of the heat roller fixing device was repeatedly increased from 100 ° C. to 250 ° C. in increments of 5 ° C., and the range of the set temperature at which the toner did not stain was defined as the anti-offset temperature range.
- the atmosphere of the copying machine was a temperature of 22 ° C. and a relative humidity of 55%. (Evaluation criteria) ⁇ : 100 ° C. ⁇ offset resistant temperature range ⁇ : 80 ° C. ⁇ offset resistant temperature range ⁇ 100 ° C. ⁇ : Anti-offset temperature range ⁇ 80 ° C
- KB300 represents a bisphenol A propylene oxide adduct (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.).
- Example of production of electrophotographic toner (T) (Production Examples T-1 to T-49, T-53, T-54) 6% by mass of carbon black (MA100; manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) as a colorant and 100% by mass of the binder resin (R) described in Table 7 or 8 and a charge adjusting agent (T-77; Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.) 0.5% by mass) and mixed with a Henschel mixer. Thereafter, the mixture was kneaded with a biaxial kneader (PCM-30 type, manufactured by Ikekai Kikai Co., Ltd.) at a resin temperature of 120 ° C. and a residence time of 30 seconds.
- PCM-30 type manufactured by Ikekai Kikai Co., Ltd.
- a toner T-50 was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example T-1, except that the binder resin (R) was changed to 93% by mass of R-47 and 7% by mass of the polyester resin S-13. Table 9 shows the physical property values.
- Examples 1 to 33 and Comparative Examples 1 to 14 The toner shown in Table 9 was mixed with 97% by mass of carrier (F-150, manufactured by Powder Tech Co., Ltd.) with respect to 3% by mass to obtain a developer, and various evaluations were performed. The results are shown in Table 10.
- the toner binder resin produced by the present invention and the toner using the resin were both excellent in the balance of various properties.
- Example 34 and 35 and Comparative Examples 15 and 16 As Examples 34 and 35, the following evaluation was performed.
- the toners (T-39 and T-40) shown in Table 11 were mixed with 3% by mass of 97% by mass of carrier (F-150, manufactured by Powdertech Co., Ltd.) to obtain a developer, and various evaluations were performed. .
- the toner (3% by mass) was mixed with 97% by mass of a carrier (F-150, manufactured by Powdertech Co., Ltd.) to obtain a developer, and various evaluations were performed.
- the storage stability of Examples 34 and 35 was improved as compared with Comparative Examples 15 and 16.
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Abstract
Description
また、結晶性ポリエステル樹脂に、非晶性樹脂、無機微粒子や有機金属塩を添加することが種々の文献に開示されている(例えば、特許文献8)。無機微粒子や有機金属塩を添加することで結晶性を制御することは示されているが、結晶性ポリエステル樹脂と非晶性樹脂の相溶性を制御しないと、結晶性ポリエステルの結晶化度を高くすることは困難であり、結果として満足な保存性が得られなかった。
[1]
カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)、グリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)、これらの反応物、および結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)、を含むトナー用バインダー樹脂であって、
前記結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)は、75℃以上120℃以下に融点を有し、
Zn、Ca、Mg、Al、Baから選択される金属成分(M)(ただし、金属酸化物を除く)は、前記結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)中に分散しており、
前記トナー用バインダー樹脂は、
測定周波数6.28ラジアン/秒において、
120℃での損失弾性率(G'')が0.3×104Pa以上2.7×104Pa以下であり、
貯蔵弾性率(G')の50℃以上200℃以下における最小値が1.0×102Pa以上1.5×104Pa以下である、トナー用バインダー樹脂。
前記カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)、前記グリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)、これらの反応物、および前記結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)の合計100質量%に対して、前記金属成分(M)を0.011質量%以上1質量%以下含有する、[1]に記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。
[3]
前記金属成分(M)が有機金属塩由来である、[1]または[2]に記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。
前記金属成分(M)が下記一般式で表される脂肪酸金属塩由来である、[1]から[3]のいずれかに記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。
測定周波数6.28ラジアン/秒において、70℃以上85℃以下に損失弾性率(G'')のピークを1つ有する、[1]から[4]のいずれかに記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。
[6]
前記結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)の融点以下に融点を有する離型剤を含む、[1]から[5]のいずれかに記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。
[7]
前記離型剤の融点が、
前記結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)の融点に対し、-50℃以上0℃以下であり、
前記カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)、前記グリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)、およびこれらの反応物、前記結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)の合計100質量%に対して、前記離型剤を1質量%以上10質量%以下含む、
[6]に記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。
[8]
前記結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)が、炭素数2以上4以下の脂肪族ジオールから選ばれるアルコール成分と炭素数4以上6以下の脂肪族ジカルボン酸から選ばれるカルボン酸成分とを重縮合して得られたものである、[1]から[7]のいずれかに記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。
[9]
前記カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)、前記グリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)、これらの反応物、および前記結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)の合計100質量%に対して、前記結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)を1質量%以上25質量%以下含有する、[1]から[8]のいずれかに記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。
[10]
前記結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)が、
クロロホルム可溶分のゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)により測定される分子量分布において、5000以上15000以下の領域にメインピークを有し、
前記結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)の酸価が25mgKOH/g以上70mgKOH/g以下である、[1]から[9]のいずれかに記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。
[11]
前記トナー用バインダー樹脂中のテトラヒドロフラン(THF)可溶分が、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)により測定される分子量分布において、分子量3,000以上25,000未満の領域にメインピークを有し、
前記トナー用バインダー樹脂中にTHF不溶分を3質量%以上30質量%未満含み、
前記トナー用バインダー樹脂の酸価が4.5mgKOH/g以上30mgKOH/g以下である、[1]から[10]のいずれかに記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。
[12]
前記カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)は、THF可溶分がGPCのクロマトグラムにおいて分子量150000以上350000未満の領域にピークを有する高分子量ビニル樹脂(H)とTHF可溶分がGPCのクロマトグラムにおいて分子量3000以上25000未満の領域にピークを有する低分子量ビニル樹脂(L)とを含み、
前記カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)中の前記高分子量ビニル樹脂(H)と前記低分子量ビニル樹脂(L)との質量比(H/L)は、10/90以上50/50以下であり、
前記カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)の酸価は、3mgKOH/g以上25mgKOH/g以下であり、
前記グリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)は、THF可溶分がGPCのクロマトグラムにおいて分子量30000以上70000以下の領域にピークを有し、エポキシ価が0.003Eq/100g以上0.100Eq/100g以下であり、
前記カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)と前記グリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)との質量比(C/E)は、87/13以上99/1以下である、[1]から[11]のいずれかに記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。
トナー用バインダー樹脂、着色剤を含有するトナーであって、
測定周波数6.28ラジアン/秒において、
120℃での損失弾性率(G'')が0.3×104Pa以上2.7×104Pa以下であり、
貯蔵弾性率(G')の50℃以上200℃以下における最小値が1.0×102以上1.5×104であり、
前記トナー用バインダー樹脂が、[1]から[12]のいずれかに記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂である、トナー。
[14]
測定周波数6.28ラジアン/秒において、
70℃以上85℃以下に損失弾性率(G'')のピークを1つ有する、[13]に記載のトナー。
[15]
前記トナーのテトラヒドロフラン(THF)可溶分が、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)により測定される分子量分布において、分子量2,000以上25,000未満の領域にメインピークを有し、
前記トナー用バインダー樹脂由来のTHF不溶分を3質量%以上30質量%未満含む、
[13]または[14]に記載のトナー。
結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)に有機金属塩を加えて混合物を得る工程と、
得られた前記混合物、カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)、およびグリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)を混合する工程を含む、トナー用バインダー樹脂の製造方法。
[17]
トナー用バインダー樹脂を得る工程と、
前記トナー用バインダー樹脂と着色剤とを混合する工程と、を含み、
前記トナー用バインダー樹脂は、[16]に記載の製造方法で得られる、トナーの製造方法。
本発明において、重合という語を共重合の意味で使うことがあり、重合体という語を共重合体の意味で使うことがある。また、「~」は、特に明示しない限り、上限値と下限値を含むことを表す。
カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)は、酸価が3~25mgKOH/gである事が好ましい。より好ましくは、3~20mgKOH/g、更に好ましくは4~19mgKOH/gである。酸価が3mgKOH/gより低い場合、後述するグリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)との反応が進みづらくなり、その結果、トナーにした際の耐オフセット性の低下が発生しやすくなり、更には、未反応の高分子量ビニル樹脂(H)が定着性を阻害しやすくなる。酸価が25mgKOH/gを超えると、グリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)との反応が進み過ぎ、カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)とグリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)の反応によって得られる架橋成分が、非架橋成分と相分離し過ぎて架橋成分が耐オフセット性に与える効果が無くなる事に起因すると考えられる耐オフセット性の低下が発生することがある。尚、本発明において、酸価は、樹脂1gを中和するために必要な水酸化カリウムのmg数である。
溶液重合に用いられる溶剤としては、例えば、ベンゼン、トルエン、エチルベンゼン、キシレン、キュメン等の芳香族炭化水素が挙げられ、これら単独またはこれらの混合物が使用され、好ましくはキシレンが好適である。
本発明において、高分子量ビニル樹脂(H)は、THF可溶分がGPCのクロマトグラムにおいて、分子量150000以上350000未満、より好ましくは160000以上300000未満にピークを有する事が、優れた定着性、耐オフセット性、耐久性のバランスを実現する上で好ましい。ピーク分子量が150000未満の場合、樹脂の強度が不足しトナーにした際の耐久性の低下が発生したり、後述するグリシジル基との反応による架橋体形成において、架橋形成が不十分となり耐オフセット性の低下が起きる事がある。350000以上の場合、グリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂との反応によってバインダー樹脂が増粘しやすくなるものの、適正なトナーの粘弾性範囲に調整した際に未反応の高分子量ビニル樹脂が多く残存しやすくなり、未反応の高分子量ビニル樹脂が定着性低下を引き起こす場合がある。
本発明において、低分子量ビニル樹脂(L)は、THF可溶分がGPCのクロマトグラムにおいて分子量3000以上25000未満にピークを有する事が良好な定着性能を得る上で好ましい。さらには、分子量4000以上22000未満にピークを有する事が好ましい。ピーク分子量が3000未満の場合、トナーの保存性や耐久性への悪影響が出やすくなる場合がある。ピーク分子量が25000以上の場合、定着性能や耐スミア性を悪化させる場合がある。
本発明におけるグリジジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)は、スチレン系単量体、アクリル系単量体(メタクリル系単量体も含む)の少なくとも1種と、少なくとも1種のグリシジル基含有単量体を用いて公知の重合方法を用いることによって得られる。
本発明におけるスチレン系単量体、アクリル系単量体(メタクリル系単量体も含む)としては、カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)の説明で例示した単量体が良い。
本発明におけるグリシジル基含有単量体としては、アクリル酸グリシジル、アクリル酸βメチルグリシジル、メタアクリル酸グリシジル、メタアクリル酸βメチルグリシジルなどが良く、好ましくはメタアクリル酸グリシジル、メタアクリル酸βメチルグリシジルである。
本発明における結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)は、炭素数2~4の脂肪族ジオールから選ばれるアルコール成分と炭素数4~6の脂肪族ジカルボン酸から選ばれるカルボン酸成分を重縮合して得られることが好ましい。
また、結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)の酸価や水酸基価の調節を目的として、オクタン酸、デカン酸、ドデカン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸などの脂肪族モノカルボン酸や、オクタノール、デカノール、ドデカノール、ミリスチルアルコール、パルミチルアルコール、ステアリルアルコールなどの脂肪族モノアルコールも物性を損なわない範囲で使用することもできる。
また、本発明に係る結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)は、原料となるアルコール成分やカルボン酸成分として、フマル酸に代表される2重結合を有するカルボン酸成分や2重結合を有するアルコール成分を含まないことが好ましい。フマル酸に代表される2重結合を有するカルボン酸成分を用いた場合、構造の規則性が乱れ、結晶性ポリエステル樹脂の結晶構造ができにくくなり、トナーのべたつきの原因となる非晶部分の割合が上がってしまうことがある。その結果、トナーの保存性が低下しやすくなることがある。また、不飽和結合を有するポリエステル樹脂は、重縮合の際に、ラジカル重合を起こしやすく、これに起因して結晶性ポリエステル樹脂に分岐構造や架橋構造が出来やすい。このことも結晶構造ができにくくなる一因と考えられる。
一方、外添剤に含まれる金属がトナー表層に偏析していることは、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)/X線マイクロアナライザー(XMA)マッピング分析を行うことにより、確認できる。
本発明に係る金属成分(M)と磁性体(金属酸化物)とは、樹脂またはトナーをTHFに溶解し、磁石などを用いて磁性体を取り出すことで区別できる。蛍光X線分析(XRF)などの公知の方法で、取り出した磁性体中に含まれる金属成分を分析できる。
また、金属成分(M)は、をカルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)、グリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)、これらの反応物、および結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)の合計100質量%に対して、0.011質量%以上1質量%以下含有されていることが好ましく、0.011質量%以上0.15質量%以下含有されていることがより好ましく、さらに0.011質量%以上0.12質量%以下含有されていることがより好ましい。
本発明のトナー用バインダー樹脂またはトナー中の金属成分(M)の重量は、XRFなどの公知の分析方法で測定することができる。
また、本発明のバインダー樹脂の製造工程では、カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)とグリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)の反応工程を含むが、一般的に、スチレンを原料として含有するビニル樹脂は、より高温に加熱されるほど、解重合により揮発成分としてスチレンが発生しやすくなるため、上記反応の温度が高いとスチレンなどの揮発分が増加しやすくなる。しかし、上記脂肪酸金属塩の添加により、バインダー樹脂の製造過程で生じるスチレンなどの揮発成分を低減することができ、最終的にトナー中に含まれる揮発成分も低減することが出来る。これは、脂肪酸金属塩の添加により、架橋反応が促進されることにより、混練温度を低くしても架橋反応を十分に行うことができるためであると推察される。後述するように、貯蔵弾性率(G')の50℃~200℃における最小値が、脂肪酸金属塩の添加が無い場合と比較して大きくなることから、脂肪酸金属塩の添加により架橋反応を促進する性能が顕著に向上していると考えられる。
以上のことから、まず、結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)に有機金属塩(上記脂肪酸金属塩)を加えて混合物を得る。この後、得られた当該混合物、カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)、およびグリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)を混合することが好ましい。
本発明に用いることのできる離型剤としては、結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)の融点に対し-50℃以上0℃以下に融点を有し、且つ、融点60℃以上120℃以下の条件を満たす従来公知のものを使用することができる。
本発明のバインダー樹脂は、上記のカルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)、グリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)、これらの反応物、および結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)を含有することを特徴とし、さらに結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)よりも低融点の離型剤などを含有することを特徴とする。このような構成とすることで低温定着性、耐オフセット性、耐スミア性、保存性、耐久性、耐感光体汚染性のバランスに優れたトナーとすることができる。
本発明のトナーは、正帯電性または負帯電性を保持させるために荷電制御剤を含有することが好ましい。荷電制御剤としては従来公知のものを使用できる。
本発明のカラートナーは、着色剤を含有する。着色剤としては、従来公知の顔料および染料を使用することができる。
本発明のトナーは、トナーの表面に対して表面処理剤を添加することによって、トナーとキャリア、あるいはトナー相互の間に該表面処理剤を存在させることが好ましい。表面処理剤を添加することにより、粉体流動性、保存性、帯電安定性、および環境安定性が向上され、かつさらに現像剤の寿命をも向上させることができる。
本発明のトナーを二成分現像剤として使用する場合、キャリアとして従来公知のものを使用できる。例えば、表面酸化または未酸化の鉄、コバルト、マンガン、クロム、銅、亜鉛、ニッケル、マグネシウム、リチウム、希土類のような金属およびそれらの合金または酸化物からなる個数平均粒径15~300μmの粒子が使用できる。これらのキャリアはスチレン系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、シリコーン系樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、フッ素系樹脂などにより表面コートされているものを使用してもよい。さらには、樹脂に磁性微粒子が分散されてなる磁性微粒子分散型コアと該磁性微粒子分散型コアの表面を被覆する被覆樹脂を含有する被覆層を有する磁性キャリアを使用してもよい。
本発明のトナーは、従来公知の方法によって製造される。例えば、バインダー樹脂と着色剤、必要であればその他の離型剤、帯電調整剤などの添加剤をヘンシェルミキサーなどの粉体混合機により充分に混合した後、2軸混練機、オープンロール混練機などの混練機を用いて溶融、混練して各構成成分を充分に混合する。これを冷却後、粉砕、分級を行って、通常4~15μmの範囲の粒子を集め、粉体混合法により表面処理剤をまぶしてトナーを得る方法が挙げられる。また、必要に応じて、表面処理装置等により、トナーを球形化処理してもよい。表面処理の方法としては、例えば、高温空気噴流中に流入させトナーを球形化する方法や機械的な衝撃によりトナーの角を取る方法が挙げられ、画質の向上などを目的として、これらの表面処理を行って、フロー式粒子像測定装置(例えばシスメックス社製 FIPA-3000)によって測定される平均円形度を0.960以上に調整してもよい。
本発明のトナーは、少なくともカルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)、グリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)、これらの反応物、および結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)を含むことを特徴とする。
本実施例における酸価(AV)は、以下の通り算出した。キシレン:n―ブタノール=1:1質量比の混合溶媒に精秤した試料を溶解した。予め標定されたN/10水酸化カリウムのアルコール(特級水酸化カリウム7gにイオン交換水5g添加し、1級エチルアルコールで1L(リットル)とし、N/10塩酸と1%フェノールフタレイン溶液にて力価=Fを標定したもの)で滴定し、その中和量から次式に従って算出した。
酸価(mgKOH/g)=(N/10KOH滴定量(ml)×F×5.61)/(試料g×0.01)
本実施例におけるピーク分子量(結晶性を有するポリエステルの分子量を除く)は、GPC(ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー)法により求めたものであり、単分散標準ポリスチレンで検量線を作成した換算分子量である。測定条件は下記の通りである。
GPC装置:SHODEX(登録商標) GPC SYSTEM-21(昭和電工株式会社製)
検出器:SHODEX(登録商標) RI SE-31 (昭和電工株式会社製)
カラム:SHODEX(登録商標) GPC KF-Gを1本、 GPC KF-807Lを3本、およびGPC KF-800Dを1本(昭和電工株式会社製)、をこの順番に直列に連結して用いた。
溶媒:テトラヒドロフラン(THF)
流速:1.2ml/分
サンプル濃度:0.002g-resin/ml-THF
注入量:100μL
GPC装置:GPC Waters社製
検出器:Waters社製2414
カラム:SHODEX(登録商標) LF-Gを1本と、LF-804(昭和電工株式会社製)を1本とをこの順番に直列に連結して用いた。
溶媒:クロロホルム
流速:1.0ml /分
サンプル濃度:0.001g-resin/ml-クロロホルム
注入量:100μL
本願では分子量として、上記の方法でメインピークの分子量を求めた。
本実施例におけるTgは、示差走査型熱量測定法(DSC)に従い、DSC-20(セイコー電子工業社製)によって測定した。試料約10mgを-20℃から200℃まで10℃/分で昇温し、得られたカーブのベースラインと吸熱ピークの傾線の交点よりTgを求めた。また、離型剤及びポリエステルの融点も上記の装置を用い、吸熱ピークより融点を求めた。
エポキシ価は以下の手順で計算した。樹脂試料0.2~5gを精秤し、200mlの三角フラスコに入れた。その後、ジオキサン25mlを加えて溶解させた。1/5規定の塩酸溶液(ジオキサン溶媒)25mlを加え、密栓して十分に混合した。その後、30分間静置した。次に、トルエン‐エタノール混合溶液(1:1容量比)50mlを加えた後、クレゾールレッドを指示薬として1/10規定水酸化ナトリウム水溶液で滴定した。滴定結果に基づいて、下記式にしたがってエポキシ価(Eq/100g)を計算した。
エポキシ価(Eq/100g)=[(B-S)×N×F]/(10×W)
ここで、Wは試料採取量(g)、Bは空試験に要した水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の量(ml)、Sは試料の試験に要した水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の量(ml)、Nは水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の規定度、およびFは水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の力価である。
本発明における粘弾性測定は以下の測定によって求めた。
粘弾性装置:STRESS TECH レオメータ (レオロジカ社製)
測定モード:Oscillation strain control
測定温度範囲:50~200℃
昇温速度:2℃/分
周波数:1Hz(6.28ラジアン/秒)
ギャップ:1mm
プレート:パラレルプレート
応力歪み:1%
サンプル形状:厚さ1mm、直径約20mmの円柱状
本発明におけるバインダー樹脂のTHF不溶分は以下の通り求めた。
樹脂0.4g、THF39.5gを50ml蓋付ガラス製サンプル管に投入し、このサンプル管を回転数50rpm、22℃の条件で48時間攪拌した後、22℃で48時間静置した。その後、サンプル管の上澄み液5gを150℃で1時間乾燥させた後の重量を測定し、その重量をXgとして以下の式にてTHF不溶分率(質量%)を計算した。
市販の電子写真複写機を改造した複写機にて未定着画像を作成した。その後、この未定着画像を市販の複写機の定着部を改造した熱ローラー定着装置を用いて、熱ローラーの定着速度を190mm/秒とし、それぞれ130℃、150℃の温度で定着させた。得られた定着画像を砂消しゴム(株式会社トンボ鉛筆製)により、1.0kgfの荷重をかけ、6回摩擦させ、この摩擦試験前後の画像濃度をマクベス式反射濃度計により測定した。摩擦後の画像濃度÷摩擦前の画像濃度×100を変化率とした。画像の濃度を変えて同様に変化率を測定し、変化率の最も低い数値を各温度での最低変化率とした。130℃、150℃でのそれぞれの最低変化率の平均値を定着率として算出し、下記評価基準で判定した。なお、ここで用いた熱ローラー定着装置はシリコーンオイル供給機構を有しないものであった。また、環境条件は、常温常圧(温度22℃、相対湿度55%)とした。
(評価基準)
○ : 65%≦定着率
△ : 60%<定着率<65%
× : 定着率≦60%
上記定着評価の測定に準じて行った。すなわち、上記複写機にて未定着画像を作成した。その後、上述の熱ローラー定着装置により定着処理を行い、非画像部分にトナー汚れが生ずるか否かを観察した。前記熱ローラー定着装置の熱ローラーの設定温度を100℃から5℃ずつ順次250℃まで上昇させた状態で繰り返し、トナーによる汚れの生じない設定温度の幅をもって耐オフセット温度幅とした。また、上記複写機の雰囲気は、温度22℃、相対湿度55%とした。
(評価基準)
○ : 100℃≦耐オフセット温度幅
△ : 80℃≦耐オフセット温度幅<100℃
× : 耐オフセット温度幅<80℃
上記定着評価の測定に準じて5cm×5cmの0.6mg/cm2の未定着画像を作成し、定着速度を190mm/秒として150℃で定着させた。この試験片を学振型染色物摩擦堅牢度試験機(6連式)(日本TMC(株)製)を用いて、200gの荷重をかけ市販のOA紙(マイペーパー 株式会社NBSリコー製)で10回磨耗し、摩擦側試験紙の画像濃度をマクベス式反射濃度計により測定した。
(評価基準)
○ : 摩擦側試験紙の画像濃度≦0.9
△ : 0.9<摩擦側試験紙の画像濃度≦1.1
× : 1.1<摩擦側試験紙の画像濃度
温度50℃、相対湿度60%の環境条件下、トナー5gを24時間放置した。これを150メッシュのふるいにのせ、パウダーテスター(細川粉体工学研究所)の加減抵抗機の目盛りを3にして、1分間振動を加えた。振動後の150メッシュのふるいの上に残った質量を測定し、残存質量比を求めた。
(評価基準)
○ : 残存質量比<25%
△ : 25%≦残存質量比<30%
× : 30%≦残存質量比
10mlガラス製サンプル管に直径4mmのステンレス製ボール24gを入れ、この中にトナー0.05g添加した。蓋をして300rpmで20分間回転攪拌し、攪拌前後のトナーの粒度分布をコールターカウンターにて測定した。(攪拌前の個数中位径D50-攪拌後の個数中位径D50)÷攪拌前の個数中位径D50×100を粒径変化率とし、下記基準で判定した。
(評価基準)
○ : 粒径変化率≦21%
△ : 21%<粒径変化率≦23%
× : 23%<粒径変化率
上記複写機にて、22℃、相対湿度55%で20000枚の連続複写を行った。その後の感光体の汚染性を目視評価した。
(評価基準)
○ : 全く汚れていない。
△ : わずかに汚れが確認できる。
× : 汚れが確認できる。
(製造例E-1)
キシレン50質量部を窒素置換したフラスコに仕込み昇温し、キシレン還流下において、予め表1記載の単量体100質量部にジ-t-ブチルパーオキサイド0.5質量部を混合溶解しておいた混合液を5時間かけて連続添加し、さらに1時間還流を継続する。その後内温130℃に保ち、ジ-t-ブチルパーオキサイド0.5質量部を加えて2時間反応を継続し、重合液を得た。これを160℃、1.33kPaの容器中にフラッシュして溶剤等を留去し、樹脂E-1を得た。その物性値を表1に示す。
キシレン50質量部を窒素置換したフラスコに仕込み昇温し、キシレン還流下において、予め表1記載の単量体100質量部にジ-t-ブチルパーオキサイド0.4質量部を混合溶解しておいた混合液を5時間かけて連続添加し、さらに1時間還流を継続する。その後内温130℃に保ち、ジ-t-ブチルパーオキサイド0.5質量部を加えて2時間反応を継続し、重合液を得た。これを160℃、1.33kPaの容器中にフラッシュして溶剤等を留去し、樹脂E-2を得た。その物性値を表1に示す。
表1に示す組成で、製造例E-1と同様にして、樹脂E-3を得た。その物性値を表1に示す。
キシレン50質量部を窒素置換したフラスコに仕込み昇温し、キシレン還流下において、予め表1記載の単量体100質量部にジ-t-ブチルパーオキサイド1.2質量部を混合溶解しておいた混合液を5時間かけて連続添加し、さらに1時間還流を継続する。その後内温130℃に保ち、ジ-t-ブチルパーオキサイド0.5質量部を加えて2時間反応を継続し、重合液を得た。これを160℃、1.33kPaの容器中にフラッシュして溶剤等を留去し、樹脂E-4を得た。その物性値を表1に示す。
表1に示す組成で、製造例E-1と同様にして、樹脂E-5を得た。その物性値を表1に示す。
(製造例L-1)
キシレン100質量部を窒素置換したフラスコに仕込み昇温し、キシレン還流下において、予め表2記載の単量体100質量部にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート10質量部を混合溶解しておいた混合液を5時間かけて連続添加し、さらに1時間還流を継続する。その後内温98℃に保ち、更にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート0.5質量部を加えて1時間反応を継続し、更にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート0.5質量部を加えて2時間反応を継続し、L-1の重合液を得た。物性値を表2に示す。
キシレン75質量部を窒素置換したフラスコに仕込み昇温し、キシレン還流下において、予め表2記載の単量体100質量部にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート12質量部を混合溶解しておいた混合液を5時間かけて連続添加し、さらに1時間還流を継続する。その後内温98℃に保ち、更にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート0.3質量部を加えて1時間反応を継続し、更にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート0.5質量部を加えて2時間反応を継続し、L-2の重合液を得た。物性値を表2に示す。
キシレン75質量部を窒素置換したフラスコに仕込み昇温し、キシレン還流下において、予め表2記載の単量体100質量部にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート2.5質量部を混合溶解しておいた混合液を5時間かけて連続添加し、さらに1時間還流を継続する。その後内温98℃に保ち、更にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート0.5質量部を加えて1時間反応を継続し、更にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート0.5質量部を加えて2時間反応を継続し、L-3の重合液を得た。物性値を表2に示す。
キシレン50質量部を窒素置換したフラスコに仕込み昇温し、キシレン還流下において、予め表2記載の単量体100質量部にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート1.8質量部を混合溶解しておいた混合液を5時間かけて連続添加し、さらに1時間還流を継続する。その後内温98℃に保ち、更にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート0.5質量部を加えて1時間反応を継続し、更にt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート0.5質量部を加えて2時間反応を継続し、L-4の重合液を得た。物性値を表2に示す。
表2に示す仕込み組成で、製造例L-4と同様の方法により、L-5、L-6の重合液を得た。物性値を表2に示す。
表2に示す仕込み組成で、製造例E-1と同様の方法により、L-7の重合液を得た。物性値を表2に示す。
(製造例H-1)
表3記載の単量体100質量部を窒素置換したフラスコに仕込み、内温120℃に昇温後同温度に保ち、バルク重合を8時間行った。ついで、キシレン50部を加え、テトラエチレングリコールジアクリレート0.2質量部を加えた後、110℃に昇温した。予め混合溶解しておいた1、1-ビス(t-ブチルパーオキシ)シクロヘキサンの0.35質量部、キシレン60質量部を110℃に保ちながら9時間かけて連続添加した後、1時間反応を継続し、1、1-ビス(t-ブチルパーオキシ)シクロヘキサン0.21質量部を加え2時間反応を継続し、更に1、1-ビス(t-ブチルパーオキシ)シクロヘキサンを0.52質量部を加え2時間反応を継続して重合を完結し、H-1の重合液を得た。物性値を表3に示す。
表3記載の単量体100質量部を窒素置換したフラスコに仕込み、内温128℃に昇温後同温度に保ち、バルク重合を3時間行った。ついで、キシレン50部を加えた後、110℃に昇温した。予め混合溶解しておいた1、1-ビス(t-ブチルパーオキシ)シクロヘキサンの0.35質量部、キシレン60質量部を110℃に保ちながら9時間かけて連続添加した後、1時間反応を継続し、1、1-ビス(t-ブチルパーオキシ)シクロヘキサン0.21質量部を加え2時間反応を継続し、更に1、1-ビス(t-ブチルパーオキシ)シクロヘキサンを0.52質量部を加え2時間反応を継続して重合を完結し、H-2の重合液を得た。物性値を表3に示す。
表3に示す仕込み組成で、製造例H-1と同様の方法で、H-3の重合液を得た。物性値を表3に示す。
表3に示す仕込み組成で、製造例H-2と同様の方法で、H-4の重合液を得た。物性値を表3に示す。
(製造例S-1)
四つ口フラスコに還流冷却器、水分離装置、窒素ガス導入管、温度計及び撹拌装置を取り付け、表4に示す仕込み組成でアルコール成分、カルボン酸成分を仕込み、アルコール成分とカルボン酸成分の総量100質量部に対し、0.15質量部のチタンラクテートの2-プロパノール溶液(濃度45%)(松本製薬工業株式会社製;オルガチックスTC-310)を仕込み、フラスコ内に窒素を導入しながら150℃で2時間反応後、220℃に昇温し5時間反応後、更に8.0kPa以下の減圧下で2時間反応し、脱水重縮合を行った。反応後、180℃に冷却し、樹脂95質量部に対しステアリン酸亜鉛5質量部を添加し30分混合後、フラスコより抜き出し冷却、粉砕してポリエステル樹脂S-1を得た。物性値を表4に示す。
表4に示す仕込み組成で、製造例S-1と同様の方法で、S-2~S-15、S-19、S-20のポリエステル樹脂を得た。物性値を表4に示す。
四つ口フラスコに還流冷却器、水分離装置、窒素ガス導入管、温度計及び撹拌装置を取り付け、表4に示す仕込み組成でアルコール成分、カルボン酸成分を仕込み、アルコール成分とカルボン酸成分の総量100質量部に対し、0.15質量部のチタンラクテートの2-プロパノール溶液(濃度45%)(松本製薬工業株式会社製;オルガチックスTC-310)及び0.2質量%のハイドロキノンを仕込み、フラスコ内に窒素を導入しながら150℃で2時間反応後、220℃に昇温し5時間反応後、更に8.0kPa以下の減圧下で2時間反応し、脱水重縮合を行った。反応後、180℃に冷却し、表4記載の脂肪酸金属塩を添加し30分混合後、フラスコより抜き出し冷却、粉砕してポリエステル樹脂S-16を得た。物性値を表4に示す。
表4に示す仕込み組成で、製造例S-16と同様の方法で、S-17のポリエステル樹脂を得た。物性値を表4に示す。
四つ口フラスコに還流冷却器、水分離装置、窒素ガス導入管、温度計及び撹拌装置を取り付け、表4に示す仕込み組成でアルコール成分、カルボン酸成分を仕込み、アルコール成分とカルボン酸成分の総量100質量部に対し、0.3質量部のジブチル錫オキサイドを仕込み、フラスコ内に窒素を導入しながら180℃~220℃に昇温し8時間反応後、更に8.0kPa以下の減圧下で1時間反応し、脱水重縮合を行った。反応後、180℃に冷却し、100質量部に対し表4記載の脂肪酸金属塩を添加し30分混合後、フラスコより抜き出し冷却、粉砕してポリエステル樹脂S-18を得た。物性値を表4に示す。表4中、KB300は、ビスフェノールAプロピレンオキサイド付加物(三井化学株式会社製)を示す。
(製造例C-1)
表5に記載の離型剤を使用し、高分子量ビニル樹脂(H)、低分子量ビニル樹脂(L)と離型剤を表6に示す仕込み組成となるように混合し、さらに、高分子量ビニル樹脂(H)と低分子量ビニル樹脂(L)の総量100質量%に対し、添加剤としてスチレン-エチレン-ブチレン-スチレンブロック共重合体(SEBS)(商品名Kraton G1652;クレイトンポリマージャパン株式会社製)0.5質量%を混合した。その後、キシレン還流下において30分間混合し、これを190℃、1.33kPaのベッセル(容器)中にフラッシュして溶剤等を留去し、樹脂C-1を得た。物性値を表6に示す。
表6に示す仕込み組成で、製造例C-1と同様の方法で、C-2~C-23の樹脂を得た。物性値を表6に示す。
製造例C-3で得られた樹脂C-3に、さらにステアリン酸亜鉛を0.40質量%加えて混合した。物性値を表6に示す。
(製造例R-1~R-52)
カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)と離型剤との混合物、グリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)、結晶性を有するポリエステル(S)との質量比が表7に記載の比率となるように各樹脂を混合した。その後、表7に記載の反応温度に温度設定した2軸混練機(KEXN S-40型、栗本鐵工所製)にて、25kg/hr、モーター回転数1400rpmで混練反応し、この混練物をスチールベルトクーラー(NR3-Hiダブルクーラ、日本ベルティング株式会社製)を使用して冷却水温10℃、冷却水量90L/分、ベルトスピード6m/分の条件で急冷した後、粉砕し、バインダー樹脂R-1~R-52を得た。物性値を表8に示す。なお、表7中のバインダー樹脂の構成における各比率やM含有量の計算において、C(カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C))の質量には、離型剤の質量は含まない。
(製造例T-1~T-49、T-53、T-54)
表7、または表8に記載のバインダー樹脂(R)100質量%に対し、着色剤としてカーボンブラック(MA100;三菱化学株式会社製)6質量%、荷電調整剤(T-77;保土谷化学工業社製)0.5質量%添加し、ヘンシェルミキサーにて混合した。その後、2軸混練機(PCM-30型、池貝機械製)にて、2軸混錬機吐出部樹脂温度120℃、滞留時間30秒で混練させた。ついで冷却・粉砕・分級後、トナー粒子100質量%に対して疎水性シリカ微粉体(R-812、日本アエロジル株式会社製)0.5質量%、疎水性酸化チタン(NKT-90、日本アエロジル株式会社製)0.2質量%添加し、コールターカウンターにて測定した体積中位径D50が約7.5μmのトナーT-1~T-49、T-53、T-54を得た。物性値を表9または表11に示す。
バインダー樹脂(R)としてR-47を93質量%及びポリエステル樹脂S-13を7質量%とした以外は製造例T‐1と同様にしてトナーT‐50を得た。物性値を表9に示す。
疎水性シリカ微粉体(R-812、日本アエロジル株式会社製)0.5質量%、疎水性酸化チタン(NKT-90、日本アエロジル株式会社製)0.2質量%に加えてステアリン酸亜鉛(関東化学株式会社製)0.2質量%添加した以外は製造例T‐50と同様にしてトナーT‐51を得た。物性値を表9に示す。
バインダー樹脂(R)としてR-50を100質量%とした以外は製造例T‐1と同様にしてトナーT‐52を得た。物性値を表9に示す。
表9に記載のトナーを3質量%に対し、キャリア(パウダーテック株式会社製、F-150)97質量%を混合して現像剤とし、各種評価を行った。結果を表10に示す。
実施例34、35として、以下の評価を行った。
表11に記載のトナー(T-39およびT-40)を3質量%に対し、キャリア(パウダーテック株式会社製、F-150)97質量%を混合して現像剤とし、各種評価を行った。
比較例15、16として、以下の評価を行った。
結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル樹脂(S)にステアリン酸亜鉛5質量%を添加しない以外は、表11に記載のトナー(T-39およびT-40)と同様にしたトナー(T-53およびT-54)、このトナーを3質量%に対し、キャリア(パウダーテック株式会社製、F-150)97質量%を混合して現像剤とし、各種評価を行った。
実施例34、35の保存性が、比較例15、16と比較して向上していた。
Claims (17)
- カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)、グリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)、これらの反応物、および結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)、を含むトナー用バインダー樹脂であって、
前記結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)は、75℃以上120℃以下に融点を有し、
Zn、Ca、Mg、Al、Baから選択される金属成分(M)(ただし、金属酸化物を除く)は、前記結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)中に分散しており、
前記トナー用バインダー樹脂は、
測定周波数6.28ラジアン/秒において、
120℃での損失弾性率(G'')が0.3×104Pa以上2.7×104Pa以下であり、
貯蔵弾性率(G')の50℃以上200℃以下における最小値が1.0×102Pa以上1.5×104Pa以下である、トナー用バインダー樹脂。 - 前記カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)、前記グリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)、これらの反応物、および前記結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)の合計100質量%に対して、前記金属成分(M)を0.011質量%以上1質量%以下含有する、請求項1に記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。
- 前記金属成分(M)が有機金属塩由来である、請求項1または2に記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。
- 測定周波数6.28ラジアン/秒において、70℃以上85℃以下に損失弾性率(G'')のピークを1つ有する、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。
- 前記結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)の融点以下に融点を有する離型剤を含む、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。
- 前記離型剤の融点が、
前記結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)の融点に対し、-50℃以上0℃以下であり、
前記カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)、前記グリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)、これらの反応物、および前記結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)の合計100質量%に対して、前記離型剤を1質量%以上10質量%以下含む、
請求項6に記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。 - 前記結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)が、炭素数2以上4以下の脂肪族ジオールから選ばれるアルコール成分と炭素数4以上6以下の脂肪族ジカルボン酸から選ばれるカルボン酸成分とを重縮合して得られたものである、請求項1から7のいずれかに記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。
- 前記カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)、前記グリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)、これらの反応物、および前記結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)の合計100質量%に対して、前記結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)を1質量%以上25質量%以下含有する、請求項1から8のいずれかに記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。
- 前記結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)が、クロロホルム可溶分のゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)により測定される分子量分布において、5000以上15000以下の領域にメインピークを有し、
前記結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)の酸価が25mgKOH/g以上70mgKOH/g以下である、請求項1から9のいずれかに記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。 - 前記トナー用バインダー樹脂中のテトラヒドロフラン(THF)可溶分が、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)により測定される分子量分布において、分子量3,000以上25,000未満の領域にメインピークを有し、
前記トナー用バインダー樹脂中にTHF不溶分を3質量%以上30質量%未満含み、
前記トナー用バインダー樹脂の酸価が4.5mgKOH/g以上30mgKOH/g以下である、請求項1から10のいずれかに記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。 - 前記カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)は、THF可溶分がGPCのクロマトグラムにおいて分子量150000以上350000未満の領域にピークを有する高分子量ビニル樹脂(H)とTHF可溶分がGPCのクロマトグラムにおいて分子量3000以上25000未満の領域にピークを有する低分子量ビニル樹脂(L)とを含み、
前記カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)中の前記高分子量ビニル樹脂(H)と前記低分子量ビニル樹脂(L)との質量比(H/L)は、10/90以上50/50以下であり、
前記カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)の酸価は、3mgKOH/g以上25mgKOH/g以下であり、
前記グリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)は、THF可溶分がGPCのクロマトグラムにおいて分子量30000以上70000以下の領域にピークを有し、エポキシ価が0.003Eq/100g以上0.100Eq/100g以下であり、
前記カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)と前記グリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)との質量比(C/E)は、87/13以上99/1以下である、請求項1から11のいずれかに記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂。 - トナー用バインダー樹脂、着色剤を含有するトナーであって、
測定周波数6.28ラジアン/秒において、
120℃での損失弾性率(G'')が0.3×104Pa以上2.7×104Pa以下であり、
貯蔵弾性率(G')の50℃以上200℃以下における最小値が1.0×102以上1.5×104であり、
前記トナー用バインダー樹脂が、請求項1から12のいずれかに記載のトナー用バインダー樹脂である、トナー。 - 測定周波数6.28ラジアン/秒において、
70℃以上85℃以下に損失弾性率(G'')のピークを1つ有する、請求項13に記載のトナー。 - 前記トナーのテトラヒドロフラン(THF)可溶分が、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)により測定される分子量分布において、分子量2,000以上25,000未満の領域にメインピークを有し、
前記トナー用バインダー樹脂由来のTHF不溶分を3質量%以上30質量%未満含む、
請求項13または14に記載のトナー。 - 結晶性を有する飽和ポリエステル(S)に有機金属塩を加えて混合物を得る工程と、
得られた前記混合物、カルボキシル基含有ビニル樹脂(C)、およびグリシジル基含有ビニル樹脂(E)を混合する工程を含む、トナー用バインダー樹脂の製造方法。 - トナー用バインダー樹脂を得る工程と、
前記トナー用バインダー樹脂と着色剤とを混合する工程と、を含み、
前記トナー用バインダー樹脂は、請求項16に記載の製造方法で得られる、トナーの製造方法。
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| CN201080052324XA CN102648439B (zh) | 2009-11-20 | 2010-11-15 | 调色剂用粘合剂树脂、调色剂及其制造方法 |
| US13/510,802 US8586273B2 (en) | 2009-11-20 | 2010-11-15 | Binder resin for toner, toner and method for producing same |
| KR1020127013279A KR101331351B1 (ko) | 2009-11-20 | 2010-11-15 | 토너용 바인더 수지, 토너 및 그의 제조 방법 |
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| JP7590890B2 (ja) | 2021-02-25 | 2024-11-27 | 三井化学株式会社 | トナー用バインダー樹脂 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| EP2503394A4 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
| US20120231389A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
| KR101331351B1 (ko) | 2013-11-19 |
| JP5254465B2 (ja) | 2013-08-07 |
| CN102648439A (zh) | 2012-08-22 |
| CA2781024C (en) | 2013-10-08 |
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| EP2503394B1 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
| TW201120167A (en) | 2011-06-16 |
| CN102648439B (zh) | 2013-11-06 |
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| CA2781024A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
| JPWO2011061917A1 (ja) | 2013-04-04 |
| EP2503394A1 (en) | 2012-09-26 |
| KR20120075483A (ko) | 2012-07-06 |
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