WO2013038641A1 - 不揮発性記憶素子の製造方法及び不揮発性記憶素子 - Google Patents
不揮発性記憶素子の製造方法及び不揮発性記憶素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013038641A1 WO2013038641A1 PCT/JP2012/005718 JP2012005718W WO2013038641A1 WO 2013038641 A1 WO2013038641 A1 WO 2013038641A1 JP 2012005718 W JP2012005718 W JP 2012005718W WO 2013038641 A1 WO2013038641 A1 WO 2013038641A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/011—Manufacture or treatment of multistable switching devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/011—Manufacture or treatment of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/061—Shaping switching materials
- H10N70/063—Shaping switching materials by etching of pre-deposited switching material layers, e.g. lithography
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/20—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors
- H10N70/24—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors based on migration or redistribution of ionic species, e.g. anions, vacancies
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/821—Device geometry
- H10N70/826—Device geometry adapted for essentially vertical current flow, e.g. sandwich or pillar type devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/881—Switching materials
- H10N70/883—Oxides or nitrides
- H10N70/8833—Binary metal oxides, e.g. TaOx
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a resistance change type nonvolatile memory element having a resistance change element whose resistance value is changed by application of an electric pulse, and a nonvolatile memory element.
- the resistance change element is an element that has a property that the resistance value reversibly changes by an electrical signal, and that can store information corresponding to the resistance value in a nonvolatile manner.
- this resistance change type memory a resistance change layer whose resistance value changes is used as a memory element, and an electric pulse (for example, a voltage pulse) is applied to the resistance change layer to change its resistance value from a high resistance state to a low resistance state. Or change from a low resistance state to a high resistance state.
- an electric pulse for example, a voltage pulse
- the resistance change type memory performs data storage.
- the two values of the low resistance state and the high resistance state are clearly distinguished, the low resistance state and the high resistance state are stably changed at high speed, and these two values are held in a nonvolatile manner. It is necessary to
- Patent Document 1 discloses that an oxidation / reduction reaction is selectively generated at an electrode interface in contact with a resistance change region having a high oxygen content to stabilize the resistance change.
- the above-described conventional resistance change element includes a first electrode, a resistance change region, and a second electrode, and the resistance change element is arranged two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally to form a memory array. It is composed.
- the resistance change region has a laminated structure of a first resistance change region and a second resistance change region, and the first and second resistance change regions are made of the same kind of transition metal oxide. .
- the oxygen content of the transition metal oxide that forms the second resistance change region is higher than the oxygen content of the transition metal oxide that forms the first resistance change region.
- the transition metal oxide constituting the second resistance change region is usually an insulator immediately after manufacture. Therefore, in order to obtain an element that can be switched between a high resistance state and a low resistance state by applying an electric pulse, it is necessary to form a local region including a conductive filament in the resistance change layer by an initial break process.
- the “initial break” means a high resistance state and a low resistance state depending on the voltage (or polarity of the applied voltage) applied to the resistance change element after manufacture or the resistance change type nonvolatile memory element. Is changed to a state in which reversible transition is possible.
- the initial break is a voltage higher than a normal write voltage (initial break voltage) with respect to a manufactured variable resistance element having a very high resistance value or a variable resistance nonvolatile memory element. Is applied.
- the variable resistance element or the variable resistance nonvolatile memory element can be reversibly transitioned between the high resistance state and the low resistance state, and the resistance value thereof is decreased.
- the above-described nonvolatile memory element has a problem that the initial break voltage is high and the initial break voltage varies for each variable resistance element constituting the memory array.
- the present invention solves the above-described problem, and enables a stable initial break, and a resistance change enabling a low voltage and a short time at the initial break for each variable resistance element constituting the memory array.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a semiconductor memory device of a type.
- one aspect of a method for manufacturing a nonvolatile memory element according to the present invention includes a step of forming a first electrode layer on a substrate, and a first step on the first electrode layer. Forming a metal oxide layer composed of at least two layers of a metal oxide layer and a second metal oxide layer having a different degree of oxygen deficiency from the first metal oxide layer, and on the metal oxide layer Forming a second electrode layer, patterning the second electrode layer to form a second electrode, the first metal oxide layer and the second metal oxide layer Forming a variable resistance layer composed of at least two layers of a first variable resistance layer and a second variable resistance layer having a different degree of oxygen deficiency from the first variable resistance layer.
- the side portion of the variable resistance layer is in a plane parallel to the main surface of the substrate.
- the first electrode layer is removed after the step of removing to the position entering inward from the outline of the second electrode and the step of removing the side portion of the resistance change layer, or in the same step as the step. Forming a first electrode by patterning.
- the resistance change layer is removed by removing the side portion of the resistance change layer.
- the effective area can be reduced. Therefore, the density of current flowing through the resistance change region increases, and a conductive path is easily formed inside the resistance change element. This makes it possible to reduce the initial break voltage of the variable resistance element and shorten the application time.
- 1A to 1J are process diagrams illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- 2A to 2D are process diagrams showing an example of a method for manufacturing a nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- 3A to 3D are process diagrams showing an example of a method for manufacturing a nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- 4A to 4D are process diagrams showing an example of a method for manufacturing a nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- 5A to 5D are process diagrams showing an example of a method for manufacturing a nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIGS. 6A to 6D are process diagrams showing an example of a method for manufacturing a nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- 7A to 7H are process diagrams showing an example of a method for manufacturing a nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- 8A to 8J are process diagrams showing an example of a method for manufacturing a nonvolatile memory element in the related invention.
- FIG. 9A is a detailed diagram illustrating an example of an etching damage region in a side oxidation step in a process diagram showing a method for manufacturing a nonvolatile memory element having a side oxidation step in a conventional resistance change element.
- FIG. 9A is a detailed diagram illustrating an example of an etching damage region in a side oxidation step in a process diagram showing a method for manufacturing a nonvolatile memory element having a side oxidation step in a conventional resistance change element.
- FIG. 9A is a detailed
- FIG. 9B is a detailed diagram illustrating an example of an etching damage region in the side oxidation step in the process diagram showing a method for manufacturing a nonvolatile memory element having a side oxidation step in a conventional resistance change element.
- FIG. 9C is a detailed view clearly showing an example of an etching damage region in the side oxidation step in the process diagram showing the method for manufacturing the nonvolatile memory element having the side oxidation step in the conventional resistance change element.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the oxygen concentration in the tantalum oxide TaO x and the sheet resistivity.
- 8 (a) to 8 (j) are cross-sectional views showing an example of a method for manufacturing a main part of the nonvolatile memory element according to the related invention of the present invention.
- a lower layer wiring 301 is formed by forming a conductive layer on a substrate 300 on which transistors and lower layer wirings are formed, and patterning the conductive layer. Further, an interlayer insulating layer 302 is formed by covering the lower layer wiring 301 and forming an insulating film on the substrate 300 and then planarizing the surface of the insulating film. Then, the interlayer insulating layer 302 is patterned using a desired mask to form a contact hole 303 that reaches the lower layer wiring 301 through the interlayer insulating layer 302.
- the contact hole 303 is filled with a filler mainly composed of tungsten (W), and the contact plug 304 is formed inside the contact hole 303.
- W tungsten
- the contact plug 304 is covered, and a first conductive film 305 ′ that will later become the first electrode 305 is formed on the interlayer insulating layer 302 by sputtering.
- the first resistance change film 306x ′ and the second resistance change film 306y ′ made of transition metal oxide are formed on the first conductive film 305 ′. Form in order.
- a second conductive film 307 ′ to be the second electrode 307 after patterning is formed on the second resistance change film 306 y ′.
- the second electrode 307 is formed by patterning the second conductive film 307 'using a desired mask.
- the first resistance change film 306x ′ and the second resistance change film 306y ′ are patterned using a desired mask, and the first resistance change layer 306x and A resistance change layer 306 having a stacked structure of the second resistance change layers 306y is formed.
- the first conductive film 305 ′ is patterned using a desired mask to form the first electrode 305, and the resistance change layer 306 is formed as the first electrode.
- a resistance change element sandwiched between 305 and the second electrode 307 is formed.
- the resistance change element is annealed in an oxygen atmosphere to oxidize the side portion of the first resistance change layer 306x to form an insulating region 306z.
- the second variable resistance layer 306y is close to the insulating layer from the beginning, it is hardly oxidized.
- an initial break voltage is applied to the resistance change layer 106 via the first electrode 305 and the second electrode 307, whereby the second resistance change layer 306y is formed. Then, a local region F including a conductive filament whose oxygen deficiency reversibly changes in response to the application of an electric pulse is formed.
- the side of the variable resistance element is oxidized and insulated, thereby reducing the effective area contributing to the electrical characteristics of the first variable resistance layer 306x. Leakage current flowing through the damaged region can be reduced, and the initial break voltage can be lowered and the application time can be shortened.
- the initial breakdown voltage is lowered and the application time is shortened by insulating the etching damage region included in the first resistance change layer 306x by side oxidation, or by reducing the effective area of the first resistance change layer 306x. This is thought to be caused by an increase in current density due to the reduction.
- connection area between the first resistance change layer 306x and the first electrode 305 having a low resistance value due to side oxidation improves the current density for the initial break. It is considered effective in realizing a short time and application time.
- the nonvolatile memory element and the manufacturing method thereof according to the embodiment of the present invention have the same effects as the related invention described above, but in addition, the following problems of the manufacturing method of the related invention described above also exist. It can be solved.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of the relationship between the sheet resistivity and the oxygen concentration in TaO x .
- the resistivity of the variable resistance element increases rapidly when the oxygen concentration in TaO x exceeds 60% and reaches the insulating region.
- a portion in contact with the oxygen atmosphere on the side portion of the resistance change element forms an insulating region with a high oxygen concentration by oxidation. Since it gradually proceeds from the side that is in contact with the atmosphere, it is difficult to clearly separate the boundary between the insulating region on the side of the variable resistance element and the low resistance region inside the variable resistance element, and the gentle oxygen from the side of the variable resistance element to the inside A concentration profile is formed. Therefore, high controllability is required to form a high resistance region on the side of the resistance change element while leaving a low resistance region inside the resistance change element.
- the nonvolatile memory element and the method for manufacturing the same according to the embodiment of the present invention solve the above-described problem, enable a more stable initial break, and provide an initial break for each resistance change element constituting the memory array. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing a resistance change type semiconductor memory device that can operate at low voltage and high speed.
- one aspect of a method for manufacturing a nonvolatile memory element according to the present invention includes a step of forming a first electrode layer on a substrate, and a first step on the first electrode layer. Forming a metal oxide layer composed of at least two layers of a metal oxide layer and a second metal oxide layer having a different degree of oxygen deficiency from the first metal oxide layer, and on the metal oxide layer Forming a second electrode layer, patterning the second electrode layer to form a second electrode, the first metal oxide layer and the second metal oxide layer Forming a variable resistance layer composed of at least two layers of a first variable resistance layer and a second variable resistance layer having a different degree of oxygen deficiency from the first variable resistance layer.
- the side portion of the variable resistance layer is in a plane parallel to the main surface of the substrate.
- the first electrode layer is removed after the step of removing to the position entering inward from the outline of the second electrode and the step of removing the side portion of the resistance change layer, or in the same step as the step. Forming a first electrode by patterning.
- the first electrode having a contour larger than a contour of the resistance change layer when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate may be formed.
- the electric field concentrates on the narrowed portion by removing the side portion of the variable resistance layer, and the conductive path of the variable resistance element is formed based on the narrowed portion.
- the density of current flowing through the resistance change region can be increased.
- the removal of the side portion of the resistance change layer leads to the direct removal of the etching damage portion, the leakage current flowing through the etching damage region can be reduced. Due to the above-described effects, it is possible to reduce the initial break voltage for each resistance change element constituting the memory array, to shorten the application time, and to reduce variation in resistance change characteristics.
- the step of forming the variable resistance layer and the step of removing the side portion of the variable resistance layer may be performed at a time by a single etching process.
- the step of forming the first electrode and the step of removing the side portion of the resistance change layer may be performed at a time by a single etching process.
- the side portion of the variable resistance layer may be removed by wet etching.
- the step of forming the metal oxide layer includes a step of forming the first metal oxide layer on the first electrode layer, and a step of forming the second metal oxide layer on the first metal oxide layer.
- Forming a metal oxide layer, and in the step of removing the side portion of the variable resistance layer, an area of a cross section of the first variable resistance layer parallel to the main surface of the substrate is set to the second variable resistance layer. You may form larger than the area of the cross section parallel to the main surface of the said board
- the etching damage that occurs when patterning the variable resistance layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode proceeds deeper toward the upper side of the variable resistance layer. Yes.
- the upper side of the resistance change element having a deep etching damage in the resistance change layer can be selectively removed, so that the electrical characteristics and resistance change characteristics of the resistance change elements constituting the memory array are deteriorated. It can be further reduced.
- the step of forming the metal oxide layer includes a step of forming the first metal oxide layer on the first electrode layer, and a step of forming the second metal oxide layer on the first metal oxide layer.
- Forming a metal oxide layer, and in the step of removing the side portion of the variable resistance layer, an area of a cross section of the first variable resistance layer parallel to the main surface of the substrate is set to the second variable resistance layer. You may form smaller than the area of the cross section parallel to the main surface of the said board
- each of the first metal oxide layer and the second metal oxide layer may be composed of a transition metal oxide or an aluminum oxide oxide.
- the transition metal oxide may be composed of any one of tantalum oxide, hafnium oxide, and zirconium oxide.
- first metal oxide layer and the second metal oxide layer may be made of the same base metal.
- first metal oxide layer and the second metal oxide layer may be made of different base metals.
- the effects described above that is, the initial break voltage can be reduced, and the application time can be reduced. Can be shortened and resistance variation variation can be reduced.
- the manufacturing method may further include applying a first electric pulse to the variable resistance layer, whereby a second electric pulse having a first polarity smaller in amplitude than the first electric pulse, or the first electric pulse.
- a region in which the resistance value reversibly changes in response to application of a third electric pulse having a second polarity different from the first polarity and having an amplitude smaller than that of the electric pulse is formed in the resistance change layer.
- a process may be included.
- the region where the resistance value reversibly changes is formed in a resistance change layer having a smaller oxygen deficiency among the first resistance change layer and the second resistance change layer.
- the oxygen deficiency may be reversibly changed according to the second electric pulse or the third electric pulse.
- the first electrode, the second electrode, the first electrode, and the second electrode are interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- a resistance change layer whose resistance value reversibly changes based on an electrical signal applied between the two electrodes, and the resistance change layer includes a first resistor made of a first metal oxide. It is composed of at least two layers of a variable layer and a second variable resistance layer composed of a second metal oxide having a different oxygen deficiency from the first metal oxide, and a side portion of the variable resistance layer is The inner electrode recedes inward from the contour of the second electrode in a plane parallel to the main surface of the substrate.
- the electric field concentrates on the narrowed portion by removing the side portion of the variable resistance layer, and the conductive path of the variable resistance element is formed based on the narrowed portion. For this reason, it is possible to increase the density of the current flowing through the resistance change region. Furthermore, since the removal of the side portion of the resistance change layer leads to the direct removal of the etching damage portion, the leakage current flowing through the etching damage region can be reduced.
- a conductive layer (having a film thickness of, for example, 400 nm to 600 nm) made of aluminum or the like is formed on a substrate 100 on which transistors, lower layer wirings, and the like are formed.
- the lower layer wiring 101 is formed by patterning.
- an insulating film on the substrate 100 so as to cover the lower layer wiring 101 the surface of the insulating film is planarized to form an interlayer insulating layer 102 (having a film thickness of 500 nm to 1000 nm, for example).
- an interlayer insulating layer 102 having a film thickness of 500 nm to 1000 nm, for example.
- a plasma TEOS (Tetraethyl orthosilicate) film, and a fluorine-containing oxide (for example, FSG (Fluorinated Silicate Glass)) and other low-k materials are used to reduce parasitic capacitance between wirings. It is done.
- the interlayer insulating layer 102 is patterned using a desired mask, and a contact hole 103 (having a hole diameter of 50 nm to 300 nm, for example) that reaches the lower layer wiring 101 through the interlayer insulating layer 102 is formed.
- the width of the lower layer wiring 101 may be larger than the diameter of the contact hole 103. As a result, it is possible to prevent the contact area between the lower layer wiring 101 and the contact plug 104 from being changed due to the effect of mask misalignment. As a result, for example, fluctuations in cell current can be suppressed.
- a titanium nitride (TiN) / titanium (Ti) layer (having a film thickness of, for example, 5 nm to 30 nm) functioning as an adhesion layer and a diffusion barrier as a lower layer is formed by sputtering.
- tungsten film thickness is 200 nm or more and 400 nm or less
- the contact hole 103 is filled with a filler containing tungsten as a main component.
- CMP method chemical mechanical polishing method
- a contact plug is covered, and a noble metal (platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), palladium (Pd)) that will later become the first electrode 105 is formed on the interlayer insulating layer.
- a noble metal platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), palladium (Pd)
- Etc. is formed (film formation) by a sputtering method (film thickness is, for example, 50 nm or more and 200 nm or less).
- the first conductive film 105 ′ is an example of a first electrode layer.
- a variable resistance film composed of a plurality of layers having different oxygen contents that is, a first resistance composed of a metal oxide is formed on the first conductive film 105 '.
- the change film 106x ′′ and the second resistance change film 106y ′′ are formed (deposited) in this order.
- the first resistance change film 106x ′′ and the second resistance change film 106y ′′ are examples of the first metal oxide layer and the second metal oxide layer, respectively.
- the first resistance change film 106x ′′ has an oxygen content of 50 atm% to 65 atm%, a resistivity of 2 m ⁇ ⁇ cm to 50 m ⁇ ⁇ cm, and a film thickness of 20 nm or more.
- the second resistance change film 106y ′′ may have an oxygen content of 65 atm% to 75 atm%, a resistivity of 10 7 m ⁇ ⁇ cm or more, and a film thickness of 3 nm to 10 nm. .
- the first variable resistance film 106x ′′ and the second variable resistance film 106y ′′ are formed by a so-called reactive sputtering method in which a tantalum target is sputtered in an argon (Ar) and oxygen (O 2 ) gas atmosphere. . Therefore, the first resistance change film 106x ′′ is a film having a low oxygen concentration and a low resistance compared to the second resistance change film 106y ′′.
- a noble metal platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), palladium (Pd), etc.
- Pt platinum
- Ir iridium
- Pd palladium
- the second conductive film 107 ′ is formed (film formation), where the second conductive film 107 ′ is an example of the second electrode layer.
- the second conductive film 107 ′ is patterned using a desired mask, and the patterned second conductive film 107 ′ is formed as the second electrode 107.
- the etching in the patterning process may use a mixed gas containing Ar and O 2 .
- the first resistance change film 106x ′′ and the second resistance change film 106y ′′ are patterned using a desired mask.
- the resistance change film may be patterned using the second electrode 107 which is a difficult-to-etch material as a mask.
- the patterned resistance change film forms a first resistance change layer 106x 'and a second resistance change layer 106y'.
- This treatment is preferably performed under the condition that the first conductive film 105 ′ to be the first electrode 105 is not easily etched by patterning of the resistance change film.
- the first resistance change film 106x ′′ and the second resistance change film 107y ′′ may be etched with a mixed gas containing a fluorine compound. This is because as the film thickness of the first conductive film 105 ′ remains, the first conductive film 105 ′ functions more reliably as an oxygen diffusion barrier.
- the first resistance change layer 106x (first resistance change film 106x ′′) is mainly composed of a first metal oxide, for example, oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide (TaO x , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2.5).
- the oxygen content of the second metal oxide constituting the second variable resistance layer 106y (second variable resistance film 106y ′′) is the same as that of the first variable resistance layer 106x. It is higher than the oxygen content of the 1st metal oxide to comprise. In other words, the oxygen deficiency of oxygen of the second metal oxide is smaller than the oxygen deficiency of oxygen of the first metal oxide.
- Oxygen deficiency refers to a metal oxide having a stoichiometric composition (or a stoichiometric composition having the highest resistance value if there are multiple stoichiometric compositions). It refers to the proportion of oxygen that is deficient compared to the amount of oxygen that constitutes it.
- a metal oxide having a stoichiometric composition is more stable and has a higher resistance value than a metal oxide having another composition.
- the stoichiometric oxide composition according to the above definition is Ta 2 O 5 , and can be expressed as TaO 2.5 .
- the oxygen-deficient metal oxide has a negative oxygen deficiency.
- the oxygen deficiency is described as including a positive value, 0, and a negative value.
- An oxide with a low degree of oxygen deficiency has a high resistance value because it is closer to a stoichiometric oxide, and an oxide with a high degree of oxygen deficiency has a low resistance value because it is closer to the metal constituting the oxide.
- the oxygen content is the ratio of oxygen to the total number of atoms.
- the oxygen content of Ta 2 O 5 is the ratio of oxygen to the total number of atoms (O / (Ta + O)), which is 71.4 atm%. Therefore, the oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide has an oxygen content greater than 0 and less than 71.4 atm%.
- the oxygen content corresponds to the degree of oxygen deficiency. That is, when the oxygen content of the second metal oxide is greater than the oxygen content of the first metal oxide, the oxygen deficiency of the second metal oxide is greater than the oxygen deficiency of the first metal oxide. small.
- the metal constituting the resistance change layer 106 may be a metal other than tantalum.
- a metal constituting the resistance change layer 106 a transition metal or aluminum (Al) can be used.
- the transition metal tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), hafnium (Hf), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), tungsten (W), or the like can be used. Since transition metals can take a plurality of oxidation states, different resistance states can be realized by oxidation-reduction reactions.
- the composition of the first resistance change layer 106x is HfO x
- x is 0.9 or more and 1.6 or less
- the composition of the second resistance change layer 106y is It has been confirmed that the resistance value of the resistance change layer 106 can be stably changed at high speed when y is larger than the value x when HfO y is used.
- the thickness of the second resistance change layer 106y may be 3 nm or more and 4 nm or less.
- the composition of the first resistance change layer 106x is ZrO x
- x is 0.9 or more and 1.4 or less
- the composition of the second resistance change layer 106y is It has been confirmed that the resistance value of the resistance change layer 106 can be stably changed at high speed when y is larger than the value x when ZrO y is used.
- the thickness of the second resistance change layer 106y may be 1 nm or more and 5 nm or less.
- the first metal constituting the first metal oxide to be the first resistance change layer 106x and the second metal constituting the second metal oxide to be the second resistance change layer 106y may be used.
- the second resistance change layer 106y may have a lower degree of oxygen deficiency than the first resistance change layer 106x, that is, may have a higher resistance.
- the standard electrode potential of the second metal may be lower than the standard electrode potential of the first metal.
- the standard electrode potential represents a characteristic that the higher the value is, the more difficult it is to oxidize. Thereby, an oxidation-reduction reaction easily occurs in the second metal oxide having a relatively low standard electrode potential. It is considered that the resistance change phenomenon occurs when a redox reaction occurs in a minute filament (conductive path) formed in the second resistance change layer 106y having a high resistance and its resistance value (oxygen deficiency) changes. Because it is.
- a stable resistance change operation can be obtained by using oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide for the first resistance change layer 106x and titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) for the second resistance change layer 106y.
- the standard electrode potential represents a characteristic that the higher the value is, the more difficult it is to oxidize.
- a metal oxide whose standard electrode potential is lower than that of the first resistance change layer 106x in the second resistance change layer 106y By disposing a metal oxide whose standard electrode potential is lower than that of the first resistance change layer 106x in the second resistance change layer 106y, a redox reaction is more likely to occur in the second resistance change layer 106y.
- oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide (TaO x ) is used for the first resistance change layer 106 x
- aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) is used for the second resistance change layer 106 y. Also good.
- the resistance change phenomenon in the resistance change layer including the oxygen-deficient metal oxide is expressed by the movement of oxygen, at least the movement of oxygen is possible even if the type of the base metal is different. That's fine. Therefore, the first metal constituting the first resistance change layer 106x and the second metal constituting the second resistance change layer 106y are stable even when different metals are used. It is possible to configure a resistance change layer that causes a resistance change operation.
- the side portions including the etching damage of the first variable resistance layer 106x ′ and the second variable resistance layer 106y ′ of the patterned variable resistance element are removed by etching.
- the first resistance change layer 106x and the second resistance change layer 106y are formed.
- the step of removing the side portion by etching may use a mixed gas containing a halogen gas highly reactive with TaO x such as a mixed gas of Cl 2 and BCl 3 .
- etching may be performed at a temperature higher than that of a conventional etcher (for example, 200 ° C. or higher and 300 ° C. or lower). High-temperature etching increases the reactivity of the halogen gas and increases the etching rate, thereby making it easier to etch the side portions of the first variable resistance layer 106x and the second variable resistance layer 106y of the variable resistance element.
- the first conductive film 105 ′ is made of TaO x and a noble metal having a high etching selectivity (platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), palladium (Pd), etc.), etching further proceeds. There is no. As a result, since the step of removing the side portion of the resistance change layer can be performed independently, the removal amount of the side portion of the resistance change layer can be adjusted with high accuracy.
- a noble metal having a high etching selectivity platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), palladium (Pd), etc.
- the first conductive film 105 ′ is patterned using a desired mask, for example, the second electrode 107 as a mask, and the patterned first conductive film 105 is formed.
- the first electrode 105 connected to the contact plug 104 is formed by '.
- This treatment is preferably performed under the condition that the side portion of the resistance change layer is not etched.
- etching may be performed using a mixed gas containing Ar and O 2 .
- the side portion of TaO x is hardly etched, and only the first electrode can be etched.
- the first electrode 105 is formed in a shape whose outline is larger than the outline of the resistance change layer 106 when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate 100.
- the relationship between the size of the first electrode 105 and the size of the resistance change layer 106 may be other than this.
- the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention can be realized.
- an initial break voltage having an absolute value larger in amplitude than the voltage used for normal resistance change is applied to the resistance change layer 106 via the first electrode 105 and the second electrode 107.
- a local region F including a conductive filament in which the degree of oxygen deficiency reversibly changes according to the application of a positive or negative electric pulse used for resistance change is formed in the second resistance change layer 106y.
- the first electrode 105 Before forming, the side portions of the resistance change layer 106 are removed by etching. Thereby, the effective area of the variable resistance layer contributing to the electrical characteristics can be reduced, and the initial break voltage can be lowered and the application time can be shortened.
- FIGS. 1A to 1J are cross-sectional views illustrating a method for manufacturing the main part of the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- 2A to 2D the same components as those in FIGS. 1A to 1J are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the difference between the method for manufacturing the nonvolatile memory element according to the first embodiment of the present invention and the method for manufacturing the nonvolatile memory element according to the second embodiment of the present invention is as follows.
- the side portions of the resistance change element are removed simultaneously with the patterning process of the resistance change film 106x ′′ and the second resistance change film 107y ′′ shown in FIGS.
- the resistance change film 106x ′′ is patterned and the side of the resistance change layer is removed, that is, the resistance change layer 106 is formed.
- the step of patterning the resistance change layer 106 and the step of patterning the side portion of the resistance change layer are performed at the same time as one step. Since the processes before 2 (a) are the same as those in FIGS. 1 (a) to 1 (f), description thereof will be omitted.
- the first resistance change film 106x ′′, the second resistance change film 107y ′′, and the first conductive film 105 ′ are patterned using a desired mask.
- the first variable resistance layer 106x, the second variable resistance layer 106y, and the second variable resistance layer 106x are etched by etching the side portions of the first variable resistance layer and the second variable resistance layer of the variable resistance element simultaneously with the patterning step. 1 electrode 105 is formed.
- This treatment is preferably performed under the condition that the side portions of the first resistance change film 106x ′′, the second resistance change film 107y ′′, and the resistance change layer 106 can be etched.
- etching may be performed using a mixed gas containing a halogen gas such as a mixed gas of Cl 2 and BCl 3 .
- the etching may be performed at a temperature higher than that of a conventional etcher (for example, 200 ° C. or higher and 300 ° C. or lower).
- the high temperature etching increases the reactivity of the halogen gas and increases the etching rate, so that the side portions of the first variable resistance layer 106x and the second variable resistance layer 106y of the variable resistance element can be easily etched simultaneously with the patterning process. To do.
- the first conductive film 105 ′ is patterned using a desired mask, for example, the second electrode 107 as a mask, and the patterned first conductive film 105 ′. Is formed as the first electrode 105 connected to the contact plug 104.
- This treatment is preferably performed under the condition that the side portion of the resistance change layer is not etched.
- etching may be performed using a mixed gas containing Ar and O 2 .
- the side portion of TaO x is hardly etched.
- the first electrode 105 is formed in a shape whose contour is equal to the contour of the resistance change layer 106 when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate 100.
- the relationship between the size of the first electrode 105 and the size of the resistance change layer 106 may be other than this.
- the first electrode 105 may be formed in a shape in which the contour enters inward from the contour of the resistance change layer 106 when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate 100.
- the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention can be realized.
- an initial break voltage is applied to the resistance change layer 106 via the first electrode 105 and the second electrode 107, thereby causing the second resistance change layer 106y to enter.
- the first electrode 105 Before forming, the side portions of the resistance change layer 106 are removed by etching. Thereby, the effective area of the resistance change layer contributing to the electrical characteristics can be reduced, and the break voltage can be lowered and the break time can be shortened.
- the nonvolatile memory element according to the second embodiment of the present invention produced by the above-described manufacturing method is different from the nonvolatile memory element according to the first embodiment of the present invention in the resistance change film 106x ′′ shown in FIG. And a step of patterning the second resistance change film 107y ′′ can be realized, which has an effect of reducing the cost for manufacturing the nonvolatile memory element.
- FIGS. 1A to 1J are cross-sectional views illustrating a method for manufacturing the main part of the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- 3A to 3D the same components as those in FIGS. 1A to 1J are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- the difference between the method for manufacturing the nonvolatile memory element according to the first embodiment of the present invention and the method for manufacturing the nonvolatile memory element according to the third embodiment of the present invention is as follows. 1 (h) and (i), the side removal of the variable resistance film 106x ′′ and the second variable resistance film 107y ′′ and the step of patterning the first conductive film 105 ′ are performed at the same time.
- the first conductive The film 105 ′ is patterned to form the patterned first conductive film 105 ′ as the first electrode 105 connected to the contact plug 104, whereas the nonvolatile film according to the third embodiment of the present invention is used.
- the step of removing the side portion of the resistance change layer 106 and the step of patterning the first conductive film 105 ′ are performed at the same time. Since this is the same as FIGS. 1A to 1G, description thereof will be omitted.
- the first conductive film 105 ′ that covers the contact plug 104 shown in FIG. 1C and later becomes the first electrode 105 is made of tantalum nitride. Has been.
- the first resistance change film 106x ', the second resistance change film 107y', and the first conductive film 105 ' are patterned using a desired mask.
- the resistance change film may be patterned using the second electrode 107 which is a difficult-to-etch material as a mask. Then, the first resistance change layer 106x, the second resistance change layer 106y, and the first resistance change layer 106x are etched by etching side portions of the first resistance change layer and the second resistance change layer of the resistance change element simultaneously with the patterning step.
- the electrode 105 is formed.
- This treatment is preferably performed under conditions that allow the first resistance change film 106x ′, the second resistance change film 107y ′, the side of the resistance change layer 106, and the first electrode 105 to be etched.
- etching may be performed using a mixed gas containing a halogen gas such as a mixed gas of Cl 2 and BCl 3 . Further, the etching may be performed at a temperature higher than that of a conventional etcher (for example, 200 ° C. or higher and 300 ° C. or lower).
- the high temperature etching increases the reactivity of the halogen gas and increases the etching rate, so that the side portions of the first variable resistance layer 106x and the second variable resistance layer 106y of the variable resistance element can be easily etched simultaneously with the patterning process. To do.
- the mask used for etching is the second electrode 107, and the dimension of the first electrode 105 is defined by the dimension of the second electrode 107. Therefore, the mask can be formed sufficiently larger than the contact dimension. Thus, the possibility that the contact plug is exposed can be reduced.
- the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention can be realized.
- an initial break voltage is applied to the resistance change layer 106 via the first electrode 105 and the second electrode 107, thereby causing the second resistance change layer 106y to enter.
- the first electrode 105 Before forming, the side portions of the resistance change layer 106 are removed by etching. Thereby, the effective area of the resistance change layer contributing to the electrical characteristics can be reduced, and the break voltage can be lowered and the break time can be shortened.
- the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention produced by the above-described manufacturing method is more resistant to the resistance change film 106x ′′ shown in FIG. 1G than the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the number of steps for patterning can be reduced, and the cost for manufacturing the nonvolatile memory element can be reduced.
- FIGS. 1A to 1J are cross-sectional views illustrating a method for manufacturing the main part of the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- 4A to 4D the same components as those in FIGS. 1A to 1J are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- the difference between the method for manufacturing the nonvolatile memory element according to the first embodiment of the present invention and the method for manufacturing the nonvolatile memory element according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is as follows.
- the wet etching is used in the step of removing the side portion of the resistance change layer.
- the resistance change film 106x ′′ is patterned, that is, the resistance change layer 106x ′ is formed simultaneously with the first resistance change layer 106x and the second resistance change layer 106y.
- the first resistance change layer 106x ′ and the first resistance change layer 106x ′ are formed after the resistance change layer 106x ′ is formed.
- the first resistance change layer 106x and the second resistance change layer 106y are formed by wet etching the side portions of the second resistance change layer 106y ′, so that the steps before FIG. Since this is the same as FIGS. 1A to 1G, description thereof will be omitted.
- the side portions of the first variable resistance layer 106x ′ and the second variable resistance layer 106y ′ of the patterned variable resistance element are wet-etched using buffered hydrofluoric acid.
- the first variable resistance layer 106x and the second variable resistance layer 106y are formed.
- TaO x high oxygen concentration is relatively high selectivity to buffered hydrofluoric acid than TaO x of low oxygen concentration, that is, the less likely to be etched, the resistance variable layer 106 as shown in FIG. 4 (b) Reverse Tapered shape.
- the first electrode 105 is formed by patterning the first conductive film 105 ′ using a desired mask, for example, using the second electrode 107 as a mask. To do.
- etching may be performed using a condition in which the side portion of the resistance change layer is hardly etched, for example, a mixed gas containing Ar and O 2 .
- a mixed gas containing Ar and O 2 used at this time, the side portion of TaO x is hardly etched.
- the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention can be realized.
- an initial break voltage is applied to the resistance change layer 106 via the first electrode 105 and the second electrode 107, thereby causing the second resistance change layer 106y to enter. Then, a local region F including a conductive filament whose oxygen deficiency reversibly changes in response to the application of an electric pulse is formed.
- the resistance change layer 106 have an inversely tapered shape, the current path flowing through the resistance change layer 106 is limited to the central portion of the resistance change layer 106, so that the local region F including the conductive filament has the second resistance. It is formed in the vicinity of the central portion of the change layer 106y ′, and a stable resistance change can be realized.
- the first electrode 105 Before forming, the side portions of the resistance change layer 106 are removed by etching. Thereby, the effective area of the resistance change layer contributing to the electrical characteristics can be reduced, and the break voltage can be lowered and the break time can be shortened.
- the nonvolatile memory element according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention created by the above-described manufacturing method is compared with the nonvolatile memory element according to the first embodiment of the present invention by using a wet etching process on the resistance change layer side.
- a wet etching process on the resistance change layer side.
- an etching damage portion having a low oxygen concentration is preferentially removed from the portion to be removed, and the deterioration of the electrical characteristics and resistance change characteristics of the resistance change element caused by the etching damage can be further reduced.
- FIGS. 1A to 1I are cross-sectional views showing a method for manufacturing the main part of the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- 5A to 5C the same components as those in FIGS. 1A to 1I are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- the difference between the method for manufacturing the nonvolatile memory element according to the first embodiment of the present invention and the method for manufacturing the nonvolatile memory element according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention is as follows.
- the first resistance change layer 106x and the second resistance change layer are etched by etching the side portions of the first resistance change layer and the second resistance change layer simultaneously with the formation of the resistance change layer 106.
- the second resistance change layer 106y is formed.
- This treatment is preferably performed under the condition that the side portion of the resistance change layer 106 is easily etched and tapered.
- etching may be performed with a mixed gas containing a halogen gas having high reactivity with TaO x such as Cl 2 or BCl 3 and nitrogen (N 2 ). This is because adding N 2 to the etching gas has an effect of protecting the side walls of the device, and a difference in etching progress rate occurs between the upper and lower portions of the device.
- the etching may be performed at a temperature higher than that of a conventional etcher (for example, 200 ° C. or higher and 300 ° C. or lower).
- the high temperature etching increases the reactivity of the halogen gas and increases the etching rate, so that the side portions of the first variable resistance layer 106x and the second variable resistance layer 106y of the variable resistance element can be easily etched simultaneously with the patterning process.
- the first conductive film 105 ′ is made of TaO x and a noble metal having a high etching selectivity (platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), palladium (Pd), etc.), etching further proceeds. There is no.
- the first conductive film 105 ′ is patterned using a desired mask, for example, using the second electrode 107 as a mask, and the patterned first conductive A film 105 ′ is formed as the first electrode 105 connected to the contact plug 104.
- This treatment is preferably performed under the condition that the side portion of the resistance change layer is hardly etched.
- etching may be performed using a mixed gas containing Ar and O 2 .
- the side portion of TaO x is hardly etched.
- a resistance change element in which the resistance change layer 106 is sandwiched between the first electrode 105 and the second electrode 107 is formed.
- the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention can be realized.
- an initial break voltage is applied to the resistance change layer 106 via the first electrode 105 and the second electrode 107, thereby causing the second resistance change layer 106y to enter.
- the first electrode 105 Before forming, the side portions of the resistance change layer 106 are removed by etching. Thereby, the effective area of the variable resistance layer contributing to the electrical characteristics can be reduced, and the initial break voltage can be lowered and the break time can be shortened.
- the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention created by the above-described manufacturing method is connected to the first electrode as compared with the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Since the area of the metal oxide layer is larger than the area of the second metal oxide layer having a larger oxygen content than the first metal oxide layer connected to the second electrode, it is nonvolatile. In the manufacture of the memory element, the etching damage portion that has progressed deeper toward the upper side of the resistance change layer can be directly removed more directly, which can further reduce the deterioration of the electrical characteristics and resistance change characteristics of the resistance change element caused by the etching damage. it can.
- FIGS. 1A to 1I are cross-sectional views showing a method for manufacturing the main part of the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- 6A to 6C the same components as those in FIGS. 1A to 1I are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- the difference between the method for manufacturing the nonvolatile memory element according to the first embodiment of the present invention and the method for manufacturing the nonvolatile memory element according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention is as follows.
- the first resistance change layer 106x and the second resistance change layer are etched by simultaneously etching the side portions of the first resistance change layer and the second resistance change layer.
- the second resistance change layer 106y is formed.
- This treatment is preferably performed under the condition that the side portion of the resistance change layer 106 is easily etched and easily reverse taper.
- etching may be performed with a mixed gas obtained by adding Ar to a halogen gas highly reactive with TaO x such as a mixed gas of Cl 2 and BCl 3 . This is because the effect of improving the anisotropic etching component and the isotropic etching component by the halogen gas compete with each other due to the addition of Ar, so that the angle of irradiation with TaO x of the plasma changes in a diagonally lower inner direction.
- the etching may be performed at a temperature higher than that of a conventional etcher (for example, 200 ° C. or higher and 300 ° C. or lower).
- the high temperature etching increases the reactivity of the halogen gas and increases the etching rate, so that the side portions of the first variable resistance layer 106x and the second variable resistance layer 106y of the variable resistance element can be easily etched simultaneously with the patterning process.
- the first conductive film 105 ′ is made of TaO x and a noble metal having a high etching selectivity (platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), palladium (Pd), etc.), etching further proceeds. There is no.
- the first conductive film 105 ′ is patterned using a desired mask, for example, the second electrode 107 as a mask, and the patterned first conductive film 105 ′. Is formed as the first electrode 105 connected to the contact plug 104.
- This treatment is preferably performed under the condition that the side portion of the resistance change layer is not etched.
- etching may be performed using a mixed gas containing Ar and O 2 .
- the side portion of TaO x is hardly etched.
- a resistance change element in which the resistance change layer 106 is sandwiched between the first electrode 105 and the second electrode 107 is formed.
- the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention can be realized.
- an initial break voltage is applied to the resistance change layer 106 via the first electrode 105 and the second electrode 107, thereby causing the second resistance change layer 106y to enter. Then, a local region F including a conductive filament whose oxygen deficiency reversibly changes in response to the application of an electric pulse is formed.
- the first electrode 105 Before forming, the side portions of the resistance change layer 106 are removed by etching. Thereby, the effective area of the resistance change layer contributing to the electrical characteristics can be reduced, and the break voltage can be lowered and the break time can be shortened.
- the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention created by the above-described manufacturing method is connected to the first electrode as compared with the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Since the area of the metal oxide layer is smaller than the area of the second metal oxide layer connected to the second electrode having a larger oxygen content than the first metal oxide layer, In the second metal oxide layer, it is possible to narrow the region where the local region F including the conductive filament reaching the first electrode can be formed, and the resistance change characteristic variation for each resistance change element constituting the memory array Can be further reduced.
- FIGS. 1A to 1I are cross-sectional views showing a method for manufacturing the main part of the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- 7A to 7G the same components as those in FIGS. 1A to 1I are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- the difference between the method for manufacturing the nonvolatile memory element according to the first embodiment of the present invention and the method for manufacturing the nonvolatile memory element according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention is as follows.
- the first conductive film made of tantalum nitride, the first resistance change film that is a low resistance film, and the second film that is a high resistance film In contrast, the resistance change film and the laminated film formed by laminating the second conductive film composed of noble metals (platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), palladium (Pd), etc.) in this order were patterned.
- the first conductive film made of a noble metal the first resistance change film that is a high resistance film, and the second resistance change that is a low resistance film.
- a contact plug is covered, and a noble metal (platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), palladium (Pd), etc.) to be the first electrode 205 later is formed on the interlayer insulating layer.
- a first conductive film 205 ′ (having a thickness of, for example, 50 nm to 200 nm) is formed (deposited) by a sputtering method.
- the oxygen content of the first resistance change film 206y ′′ is 65 atm% or more and 75 atm% or less, the resistivity is 10 7 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more, and the film thickness is 3 nm or more and 10 nm or less.
- the oxygen content of the second resistance change film 106x ′′ may be 50 atm% to 65 atm%, the resistivity may be 2 m ⁇ ⁇ cm to 50 m ⁇ ⁇ cm, and the film thickness may be 20 nm to 100 nm. .
- the first resistance change film 206y ′′ and the second resistance change film 206x ′′ are formed by a so-called reactive sputtering method in which a tantalum target is sputtered in an atmosphere of argon (Ar) and oxygen.
- the first resistance change film 206y ′′ is a film having a higher oxygen concentration and a higher resistance than the second resistance change film 206x ′′.
- a second conductive film 207 ′ made of tantalum nitride to be the second electrode 207 after patterning is formed on the second resistance change film 206x ′′ (see FIG. 7C). Film formation).
- the second conductive film 207 ′ is patterned using a desired mask, and the patterned second conductive film 207 ′ is formed as the second electrode 207.
- etching is performed using a mixed gas containing Cl 2 and Ar.
- the second resistance change film 206x ′′ and the first resistance change film 206y ′′ are patterned using a desired mask.
- the resistance change film may be patterned using a hard mask made of a difficult-to-etch material.
- the patterned variable resistance film is formed as a first variable resistance layer 206y ′ and a second variable resistance layer 206x ′.
- the first conductive film 205 ′ is made of TaO x and a noble metal (platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), palladium (Pd), etc.) having a large etching selectivity, etching further proceeds. There is no.
- the first resistance change layer 206 y ′ and the second resistance change layer 206 x ′ of the patterned resistance change element are etched to form the first resistance change layer.
- the change layer 206y and the second resistance change layer 206x are formed.
- the patterning and the step of removing the side portions by etching the side portions may use a mixed gas containing TaO x and a highly reactive halogen gas, such as a mixed gas of Cl 2 and BCl 3 .
- etching may be performed at a temperature higher than that of a conventional etcher (for example, 200 ° C. or higher and 300 ° C. or lower).
- the high temperature etching increases the reactivity of the halogen gas and increases the etching rate, so that the side portions of the first variable resistance layer 106x and the second variable resistance layer 106y of the variable resistance element can be easily etched simultaneously with the patterning process. To do.
- the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention is configured so that the area of the first metal oxide layer connected to the first electrode is the second electrode.
- the second metal oxide layer having a smaller oxygen content than the first metal oxide layer connected to the first metal oxide layer is formed larger than the area of the second metal oxide layer.
- the first conductive film 205 ′ is made of TaO x and a noble metal (platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), palladium (Pd), etc.) having a large etching selectivity, etching further proceeds. There is no.
- the first conductive film 205 ′ is patterned by using a desired mask, for example, by using the second electrode 207 with a hard mask as a mask.
- the first conductive film 205 ′ is formed as the first electrode 205 connected to the contact plug 204.
- This treatment is preferably performed under the condition that the side portion of the resistance change layer is not etched.
- etching may be performed using a mixed gas containing Ar and O 2 .
- the side portion of TaO x is hardly etched.
- the hard mask may be removed.
- the nonvolatile memory element according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention can be realized.
- an initial break voltage is applied to the resistance change layer 206 via the first electrode 205 and the second electrode 207, whereby the first resistance change layer 206y is formed.
- the nonvolatile memory element according to the seventh embodiment has an upside down structure compared to the nonvolatile memory element according to the first embodiment. Therefore, the first electrode 205, the first resistance change layer 206y, the second resistance change layer 206x, and the second electrode 207 in Embodiment 7 are each the second electrode 107 in Embodiment 1. , Corresponding to the second variable resistance layer 206y, the first variable resistance layer 106x, and the first electrode 105.
- the first electrode 205 Before forming, the side portions of the resistance change layer 206 are removed by etching. Thereby, the effective area of the variable resistance layer contributing to the electrical characteristics can be reduced, and the initial break voltage can be lowered and the break time can be shortened.
- the nonvolatile memory element according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention created by the manufacturing method described above is connected to the first electrode made of a noble metal as compared with the nonvolatile memory element according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the etching damage portion that has progressed deeper toward the upper side of the resistance change layer can be directly removed, and the region where the conductive path can be formed in the second metal oxide layer can be narrowed down. Therefore, it is possible to further reduce both the variation in resistance change characteristics and the deterioration of electrical characteristics and resistance change characteristics for each variable resistance element constituting the memory array.
- the seventh embodiment shows that the same effect can be obtained even when the structure of the variable resistance element is upside down as compared with the first embodiment. Similarly, even if each variable resistance element according to the second to sixth embodiments is configured upside down, the effects described in the corresponding embodiments can be obtained.
- the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a resistance change type nonvolatile memory element, which removes an etching damage region of the resistance change layer and has a low variation in the resistance change layer due to a low voltage and stable initial break. Since a nonvolatile memory capable of stably forming a local region including a conductive filament can be realized, it is useful in various electronic device fields using the nonvolatile memory.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の実施の形態を説明する前に、本発明の関連発明に係る不揮発性記憶装置の特徴、及び本発明者らが見出した、当該不揮発性記憶装置が有する問題点について説明する。なお、以下の説明は、本発明の実施の形態が解決しうる課題の1つを説明するためのものであり、本発明は以下の説明の具体的構成等によって限定されるものではない。
まず、図1(a)に示すように、トランジスタや下層配線などが形成されている基板100上に、アルミニウム等で構成される導電層(膜厚が例えば400nm以上600nm以下)を形成し、これをパターニングすることで下層配線101を形成する。
図2(a)~(d)は、本発明の実施の形態2における不揮発性記憶素子の要部の製造方法を示す断面図である。図2(a)~(d)において、図1(a)~(j)と同じ構成要素については同じ符号を用い、説明を省略する。
図3(a)~(d)は、本発明の実施の形態3における不揮発性記憶素子の要部の製造方法を示す断面図である。図3(a)~(d)において、図1(a)~(j)と同じ構成要素については同じ符号を用い、説明を省略する。
図4(a)~(d)は、本発明の実施の形態4における不揮発性記憶素子の要部の製造方法を示す断面図である。図4(a)~(d)において、図1(a)~(j)と同じ構成要素については同じ符号を用い、説明を省略する。
図5(a)~(c)は、本発明の実施の形態5における不揮発性記憶素子の要部の製造方法を示す断面図である。図5(a)~(c)において、図1(a)~(i)と同じ構成要素については同じ符号を用い、説明を省略する。
図6(a)~(c)は、本発明の実施の形態6における不揮発性記憶素子の要部の製造方法を示す断面図である。図6(a)~(c)において、図1(a)~(i)と同じ構成要素については同じ符号を用い、説明を省略する。
図7(a)~(g)は、本発明の実施の形態7における不揮発性記憶素子の要部の製造方法を示す断面図である。図7(a)~(g)において、図1(a)~(i)と同じ構成要素については同じ符号を用い、説明を省略する。
101、201、301 下層配線
102、202、302 層間絶縁層
103、203、303 コンタクトホール
104、204、304 コンタクトプラグ
105、205、305 第1の電極
105’、205’、305’ 第1の導電膜
106、206 抵抗変化層(側部エッチング後)
106x、206y 第1の抵抗変化層(側部エッチング後)
106x’、206y’ 第1の抵抗変化層(側部エッチング前)
106x”、206y”、306x” 第1の抵抗変化膜
106y、206x 第2の抵抗変化層(側部エッチング後)
106y’、206x’ 第2の抵抗変化層(側部エッチング前)
106y”、206x”、306y” 第2の抵抗変化膜
107、207、307 第2の電極
107’、207’ 第2の導電膜
306 抵抗変化層(側部酸化後)
306x 第1の抵抗変化層(側部酸化後)
306x’ 第1の抵抗変化層(側部酸化前)
306y 第2の抵抗変化層(側部酸化後)
306y’ 第2の抵抗変化層(側部酸化前)
306z 絶縁領域
308 エッチングダメージ領域(側部酸化後)
308’ エッチングダメージ領域(側部酸化前)
Claims (14)
- 基板上に、第1の電極層を形成する工程と、
前記第1の電極層上に、第1の金属酸化物層、及び前記第1の金属酸化物層と酸素不足度が異なる第2の金属酸化物層の少なくとも2層から構成される金属酸化物層を形成する工程と、
前記金属酸化物層上に第2の電極層を形成する工程と、
前記第2の電極層をパターニングすることにより第2の電極を形成する工程と、
前記第1の金属酸化物層と前記第2の金属酸化物層とをパターニングすることにより、第1の抵抗変化層、及び前記第1の抵抗変化層と酸素不足度が異なる第2の抵抗変化層の少なくとも2層から構成される抵抗変化層を形成する工程と、
前記抵抗変化層の側部を前記基板の主面と平行な面内において前記第2の電極の輪郭よりも内方へ進入する位置まで除去する工程と、
前記抵抗変化層の側部を除去する工程の後、もしくは該工程と同一工程で、前記第1の電極層をパターニングすることにより、第1の電極を形成する工程と、
を含む不揮発性記憶素子の製造方法。 - 前記第1の電極を形成する工程において、前記基板の主面に垂直な方向から見て、輪郭が前記抵抗変化層の輪郭よりも大きい前記第1の電極を形成する
請求項1に記載の不揮発性記憶素子の製造方法。 - 前記抵抗変化層を形成する工程と前記抵抗変化層の側部を除去する工程とを、単一のエッチングプロセスで一度に行う、
請求項1記載の不揮発性記憶素子の製造方法。 - 前記第1の電極を形成する工程と前記抵抗変化層の側部を除去する工程とを、単一のエッチングプロセスで一度に行う、
請求項1記載の不揮発性記憶素子の製造方法。 - 前記抵抗変化層の側部を除去する工程において、前記抵抗変化層の側部をウエットエッチングによって除去する
請求項1記載の不揮発性記憶素子の製造方法。 - 前記金属酸化物層を形成する工程は、
前記第1の電極層上に前記第1の金属酸化物層を形成する工程と、前記第1の金属酸化物層の上に前記第2の金属酸化物層を形成する工程とを含み、
前記抵抗変化層の側部を除去する工程において、前記第1の抵抗変化層の前記基板の主面と平行な断面の面積を、前記第2の抵抗変化層の前記基板の主面と平行な断面の面積より大きく形成する
請求項1記載の不揮発性記憶素子の製造方法。 - 前記金属酸化物層を形成する工程は、
前記第1の電極層上に前記第1の金属酸化物層を形成する工程と、前記第1の金属酸化物層の上に前記第2の金属酸化物層を形成する工程とを含み、
前記抵抗変化層の側部を除去する工程において、前記第1の抵抗変化層の前記基板の主面と平行な断面の面積を、前記第2の抵抗変化層の前記基板の主面と平行な断面の面積より小さく形成する
請求項1記載の不揮発性記憶素子の製造方法。 - 前記金属酸化物層を形成する工程において、前記第1の金属酸化物層及び前記第2の金属酸化物層の各々は遷移金属酸化物又はアルミニウム酸化物で構成される
請求項1に記載の不揮発性記憶素子の製造方法。 - 前記金属酸化物層を形成する工程において、前記遷移金属酸化物は、タンタル酸化物、ハフニウム酸化物、及びジルコニウム酸化物のいずれかで構成される
請求項8記載の不揮発性記憶素子の製造方法。 - 前記第1の金属酸化物層及び前記第2の金属酸化物層は同一の母体金属で構成される
請求項9に記載の不揮発性記憶素子の製造方法。 - 前記第1の金属酸化物層及び前記第2の金属酸化物層は互いに異なる母体金属で構成される
請求項9に記載の不揮発性記憶素子の製造方法。 - さらに、前記抵抗変化層に第1の電気パルスを印加することにより、前記第1の電気パルスよりも振幅が小さい第1の極性の第2の電気パルス、又は前記第1の電気パルスよりも振幅が小さい前記第1の極性と異なる第2の極性の第3の電気パルスを印加するに応じて抵抗値が可逆的に変化する領域を、前記抵抗変化層の中に形成する工程を含む
請求項1に記載の不揮発性記憶素子の製造方法。 - 前記抵抗値が可逆的に変化する領域は、前記第1の抵抗変化層及び前記第2の抵抗変化層のうち酸素不足度が小さい方の抵抗変化層中に形成される、導電性フィラメントを含む局所領域であり、
前記局所領域は、前記第2の電気パルス又は前記第3の電気パルスに応じて酸素不足度が可逆的に変化する
請求項12記載の不揮発性記憶素子の製造方法。 - 第1の電極と、
第2の電極と、
前記第1電極と前記第2電極との間に介在し、前記第1電極と前記第2電極との間に与えられる電気的信号に基づいて抵抗値が可逆的に変化する抵抗変化層と、を備え、
前記抵抗変化層は、第1の金属酸化物で構成される第1の抵抗変化層と、前記第1の金属酸化物と酸素不足度が異なる第2の金属酸化物で構成される第2の抵抗変化層との少なくとも2層から構成され、
前記抵抗変化層の側部が、前記基板の主面と平行な面内において前記第2の電極の輪郭よりも内方へ後退している
不揮発性記憶素子。
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| US13/810,465 US20130149815A1 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2012-09-10 | Nonvolatile memory element manufacturing method and nonvolatile memory element |
| CN2012800020485A CN103119717A (zh) | 2011-09-16 | 2012-09-10 | 非易失性存储元件的制造方法及非易失性存储元件 |
| JP2013502726A JP5242864B1 (ja) | 2011-09-16 | 2012-09-10 | 不揮発性記憶素子の製造方法 |
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| US10193065B2 (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2019-01-29 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | High K scheme to improve retention performance of resistive random access memory (RRAM) |
| KR20170045871A (ko) | 2015-10-20 | 2017-04-28 | 에스케이하이닉스 주식회사 | 전자 장치 및 그 제조 방법 |
| KR20180134123A (ko) * | 2017-06-08 | 2018-12-18 | 에스케이하이닉스 주식회사 | 저항 변화 메모리 소자 |
| US10573811B2 (en) | 2017-08-02 | 2020-02-25 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Resistive random-access memory (RRAM) cell with recessed bottom electrode sidewalls |
| US11289648B2 (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2022-03-29 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Resistive random-access memory (RRAM) cell with recessed bottom electrode sidewalls |
| US10854811B2 (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2020-12-01 | Arm Limited | Formation of correlated electron material (CEM) devices with restored sidewall regions |
| CN111952445A (zh) * | 2019-05-15 | 2020-11-17 | 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 | 阻变随机存取存储器的结构及其形成方法 |
| EP3933926A1 (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-01-05 | IMEC vzw | Pixelated optoelectronic device |
| KR102871501B1 (ko) * | 2021-01-29 | 2025-10-15 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 가변 저항 메모리 소자 |
| US12075712B2 (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2024-08-27 | Crossbar, Inc. | Resistive switching memory devices and method(s) for forming the resistive switching memory devices |
| US11997932B2 (en) | 2021-03-31 | 2024-05-28 | Crossbar, Inc. | Resistive switching memory having confined filament formation and methods thereof |
| TWI901877B (zh) * | 2022-04-18 | 2025-10-21 | 聯華電子股份有限公司 | 電阻式記憶裝置及用以製造其之方法 |
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| WO2011064967A1 (ja) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-03 | パナソニック株式会社 | 不揮発性記憶素子及びその製造方法、並びに不揮発性記憶装置 |
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| JP2010287683A (ja) * | 2009-06-10 | 2010-12-24 | Toshiba Corp | 不揮発性記憶装置及びその製造方法 |
| US7955981B2 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2011-06-07 | Sandisk 3D Llc | Method of making a two-terminal non-volatile memory pillar device with rounded corner |
| CN101958397B (zh) * | 2009-07-16 | 2012-08-22 | 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 | 电阻存储器的制造方法 |
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| WO2011064967A1 (ja) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-03 | パナソニック株式会社 | 不揮発性記憶素子及びその製造方法、並びに不揮発性記憶装置 |
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