WO2013099839A1 - 液晶表示装置、光制御フィルム、表示装置 - Google Patents
液晶表示装置、光制御フィルム、表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013099839A1 WO2013099839A1 PCT/JP2012/083412 JP2012083412W WO2013099839A1 WO 2013099839 A1 WO2013099839 A1 WO 2013099839A1 JP 2012083412 W JP2012083412 W JP 2012083412W WO 2013099839 A1 WO2013099839 A1 WO 2013099839A1
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- light
- control film
- light control
- liquid crystal
- display device
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133504—Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
- G02B5/0257—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties creating an anisotropic diffusion characteristic, i.e. distributing output differently in two perpendicular axes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, a light control film, and a display device.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-284848 filed in Japan on December 27, 2011, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- Liquid crystal display devices are widely used as portable electronic devices such as cellular phones or displays for televisions, personal computers, and the like.
- a liquid crystal display device is excellent in visibility from the front, but has a narrow viewing angle. Therefore, as one of various ideas for widening the viewing angle, a member for diffusing light emitted from a display body such as a liquid crystal panel (hereinafter referred to as a light diffusing member) is provided on the viewing side of the display body. Configuration is conceivable.
- the light diffusing member is configured so that light incident at an angle within a specific angle range is diffused more strongly than light incident at other angles, and the light diffusion characteristic has an incident angle dependency.
- the diffusion angle range is configured to have azimuth angle dependency, that is, the light diffusion characteristic has three-dimensional anisotropy (see Patent Document 1).
- the light diffusing member is configured to have anisotropy in the light diffusing characteristic, if there is no light shielding portion in the hollow portion that is the gap of the light diffusing portion, the contrast is reduced due to external light. There was a risk of it occurring. Further, when a polarizing plate is provided on the outermost surface in order to suppress external light reflection, there is a concern that the light utilization rate may be reduced.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described facts, and an object thereof is to provide a liquid crystal display device, a light control film, and a display device that suppress external light reflection and have a large viewing angle expansion effect from a specific direction.
- a liquid crystal display device uses a light source, a liquid crystal panel that modulates light emitted from the light source, and total reflection disposed closer to the viewer than the liquid crystal panel.
- a light control film wherein the light control film includes a transparent substrate, a light shielding layer, and a light diffusion portion, and the thickness of the light diffusion portion is equal to the thickness of the light shielding layer.
- the light diffusing portion has a light exit end face on the transparent substrate side, and a light entrance end face having an area larger than the area of the light exit end face on the side opposite to the transparent substrate side,
- a low refractive index material having a refractive index lower than the refractive index of the light diffusion portion exists in the light diffusion portion gap, and is a film that diffuses light anisotropically.
- a light control film includes a base material having light permeability, a plurality of light-shielding layers formed on one surface of the base material, and the base material.
- a light diffusing portion formed in a region other than the region where the light shielding layer is formed on one surface, wherein the light diffusing portion has a layer thickness larger than the thickness of the light shielding layer, and the light diffusing portion is formed of the base material.
- a low refractive index material having a refractive index is present.
- the planar shape of the light shielding layer viewed from the normal direction of one surface of the transparent substrate has at least a major axis and a minor axis. It is characterized by being formed in an anisotropic shape.
- the planar shape of the light shielding layer viewed from the normal direction of one surface of the transparent substrate is an isotropic shape and an anisotropic shape. And are formed in a mixed manner.
- the planar shape of the light shielding layer viewed from the normal direction of one surface of the transparent substrate is formed as a polygon.
- the invention according to claim 6 is the light control film according to claim 2, wherein the planar shape of the light shielding layer viewed from the normal direction of one surface of the transparent substrate is a shape formed of a curve and a straight line. It is characterized by being.
- the light control film according to claim 7 includes a base material having light permeability, a plurality of light diffusion portions formed on one surface of the base material, and the one surface of the base material.
- a light shielding layer formed in a region other than the region where the light diffusing portion is formed, wherein the layer thickness of the light diffusing portion is larger than the thickness of the light shielding layer, and the light diffusing portion emits light on the substrate side.
- a light incident end surface having an exit end surface and an area larger than the area of the light exit end surface on the side opposite to the base material side, and a refractive index lower than the refractive index of the light diffusion portion in the light diffusion portion gap.
- a low refractive index material is present.
- the invention according to claim 8 is the light control film according to claim 7, wherein the planar shape of the light diffusing portion viewed from the normal direction of one surface of the transparent substrate has at least a major axis and a minor axis. It is characterized by having an anisotropic shape.
- the invention according to claim 9 is the light control film according to claim 7, wherein the planar shape of the light diffusion portion viewed from the normal direction of one surface of the transparent substrate is an isotropic shape and an anisotropy. The shape is mixed and formed.
- the planar shape of the light diffusion portion viewed from the normal direction of one surface of the transparent base material is formed as a polygon. It is characterized by.
- the invention according to claim 11 is the light control film according to claim 7, wherein the planar shape of the light diffusing portion viewed from the normal direction of one surface of the transparent substrate is a shape composed of a curve and a straight line. It is formed.
- air or an inert gas is filled in a gap between the light diffusion portions, or the light diffusion portion
- the gap is in a vacuum state.
- the invention according to claim 13 is the light control film according to any one of claims 2 to 11, wherein a light diffusing layer including a light scatterer is disposed on one surface of the viewing side of the light diffusing portion. It is characterized by that.
- the invention according to claim 14 is the light control film according to any one of claims 2 to 11, wherein the light shielding layer contains at least one of a light absorbing pigment, a light absorbing dye, and carbon black. It consists of a multilayer film of resin, metal, or metal oxide.
- the inclination angle of the interface between the light diffusion portion and the light diffusion portion changes continuously.
- the cross-sectional shape is a curved inclined surface.
- the invention according to claim 16 is the light control film according to any one of claims 2 to 11, wherein the interface between the light diffusion portion and the light diffusion portion has a plurality of different inclination angles.
- the cross-sectional shape is a polygonal inclined surface.
- the invention according to claim 17 is a display device characterized by using the light control film according to any one of claims 2 to 16.
- the invention according to claim 18 is a liquid crystal display device using the light control film according to any one of claims 2 to 16.
- a total reflection light control film composed of a transparent base material, a light shielding part, and a light diffusion layer is bonded to the liquid crystal panel to suppress external light reflection and
- a liquid crystal display device having a large viewing angle expansion effect from a specific direction can be obtained by using a structure in which the opening shape of the light diffusion layer is asymmetric.
- liquid crystal display device including a transmissive liquid crystal panel as a display body
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment as viewed obliquely from above (viewing side).
- 2A and 2B are cross-sectional views of the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment.
- the liquid crystal display device 1 (display device) of this embodiment includes a backlight 2 (light source), a first polarizing plate 3, a first retardation plate 13, a liquid crystal layer 11, and a color.
- a liquid crystal panel 6 (display body) having a pair of glass substrates 4, a second retardation plate 8 and a second polarizing plate 5 sandwiching the filter substrate 10, and a light control film 7 (viewing angle widening member, light diffusion member) And is composed of. 1, 2A, and 2B, a pair of glass substrates 4 that sandwich a liquid crystal layer, a color filter, and the like are schematically illustrated in a single plate shape, but the detailed structure thereof will be described later with reference to FIG. Will be described.
- the observer sees the display from the upper side of the liquid crystal display device 1 in FIG. 2A where the light control film 7 is disposed. Therefore, in the following description, the side on which the light control film 7 is disposed is referred to as a viewing side, and the side on which the backlight 2 is disposed is referred to as a back side.
- the light emitted from the backlight 2 is modulated by the liquid crystal panel 6 and a predetermined image, text, or the like is displayed by the modulated light. Further, when the light emitted from the liquid crystal panel 6 passes through the light control film 7, the angle distribution of the emitted light becomes wider than before entering the light control film 7, and the light is emitted from the light control film 7. The Thereby, the observer can visually recognize the display with a wide viewing angle.
- liquid crystal panel 6 (1.2) Configuration of Liquid Crystal Panel
- an active matrix transmissive liquid crystal panel is described as an example, but a liquid crystal panel applicable to the present invention is not limited to an active matrix transmissive liquid crystal panel.
- the liquid crystal panel applicable to the present invention may be, for example, a transflective (transmissive / reflective) liquid crystal panel or a reflective liquid crystal panel.
- each pixel is a switching thin film transistor (Thin Film Transistor, hereinafter).
- a simple matrix type (passive matrix type) liquid crystal panel that does not include a TFT) may be used.
- FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the liquid crystal panel 6.
- the liquid crystal panel 6 includes a TFT substrate 9 as a switching element substrate, a color filter substrate 10 disposed so as to face the TFT substrate 9, and the TFT substrate 9 and the color filter substrate 10. And a sandwiched liquid crystal layer 11.
- the liquid crystal layer 11 is surrounded by a TFT substrate 9, a color filter substrate 10, and a frame-shaped seal member (not shown) that bonds the TFT substrate 9 and the color filter substrate 10 at a predetermined interval. It is enclosed in the space.
- the liquid crystal panel 4 of the present embodiment performs display in, for example, a VA (Vertical Alignment, vertical alignment) mode, and a vertical alignment liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy is used for the liquid crystal layer 11.
- a spherical spacer 12 is disposed between the TFT substrate 9 and the color filter substrate 10 to keep the distance between these substrates constant.
- the display mode is not limited to the VA mode described above, and a TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, an STN (Super Twisted Nematic) mode, an IPS (In-Plane Switching) mode, or the like can be used.
- the TFT substrate 9 has a plurality of pixels (not shown) as a minimum unit area for display arranged in a matrix.
- a plurality of source bus lines (not shown) are formed on the TFT substrate 9 so as to extend in parallel with each other, and a plurality of gate bus lines (not shown) extend in parallel with each other, And it is formed so as to be orthogonal to a plurality of source bus lines. Therefore, on the TFT substrate 9, a plurality of source bus lines and a plurality of gate bus lines are formed in a lattice pattern, and a rectangular region partitioned by adjacent source bus lines and adjacent gate bus lines is one. One pixel.
- the source bus line is connected to the source electrode of the TFT described later, and the gate bus line is connected to the gate electrode of the TFT.
- a TFT 19 having a semiconductor layer 15, a gate electrode 16, a source electrode 17, a drain electrode 18, and the like is formed on the surface of the transparent substrate 14 constituting the TFT substrate 9 on the liquid crystal layer 11 side.
- the transparent substrate 14 for example, a glass substrate can be used.
- a semiconductor layer 15 is formed.
- a gate insulating film 20 is formed on the transparent substrate 14 so as to cover the semiconductor layer 15.
- a material of the gate insulating film 20 for example, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or a laminated film thereof is used.
- a gate electrode 16 is formed on the gate insulating film 20 so as to face the semiconductor layer 15.
- a laminated film of W (tungsten) / TaN (tantalum nitride), Mo (molybdenum), Ti (titanium), Al (aluminum), or the like is used.
- a first interlayer insulating film 21 is formed on the gate insulating film 20 so as to cover the gate electrode 16.
- a material of the first interlayer insulating film 21 for example, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or a laminated film thereof is used.
- a source electrode 17 and a drain electrode 18 are formed on the first interlayer insulating film 21.
- the source electrode 17 is connected to the source region of the semiconductor layer 15 through a contact hole 22 that penetrates the first interlayer insulating film 21 and the gate insulating film 20.
- the drain electrode 18 is connected to the drain region of the semiconductor layer 15 through a contact hole 23 that penetrates the first interlayer insulating film 21 and the gate insulating film 20.
- the same conductive material as that for the gate electrode 16 is used.
- a second interlayer insulating film 24 is formed on the first interlayer insulating film 21 so as to cover the source electrode 17 and the drain electrode 18.
- the material of the second interlayer insulating film 24 the same material as the first interlayer insulating film 21 described above or an organic insulating material is used.
- a pixel electrode 25 is formed on the second interlayer insulating film 24.
- the pixel electrode 25 is connected to the drain electrode 18 through a contact hole 26 that penetrates the second interlayer insulating film 24. Accordingly, the pixel electrode 25 is connected to the drain region of the semiconductor layer 15 using the drain electrode 18 as a relay electrode.
- a transparent conductive material such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide, Indium Tin Oxide) or IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide, Indium Zinc Oxide) is used.
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide, Indium Tin Oxide
- IZO Indium Zinc Oxide, Indium Zinc Oxide
- An alignment film 27 is formed on the entire surface of the second interlayer insulating film 24 so as to cover the pixel electrode 25. This alignment film 27 has an alignment regulating force for vertically aligning liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal layer 11.
- the form of the TFT may be the bottom gate TFT shown in FIG. 3 or the top gate TFT.
- a black matrix 30, a color filter 31, a planarizing layer 32, a counter electrode 33, and an alignment film 34 are sequentially formed on the surface of the transparent substrate 29 constituting the color filter substrate 10 on the liquid crystal layer 11 side.
- the black matrix 30 has a function of blocking light transmission in the inter-pixel region, and is a photo in which metal such as a multilayer film of Cr (chromium) or Cr / Cr oxide, or carbon particles is dispersed in a photosensitive resin. It is made of resist.
- the color filter 31 includes dyes of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), and one pixel electrode 25 on the TFT substrate 9 is any one of R, G, and B. Two color filters 31 are arranged to face each other.
- the flattening layer 32 is made of an insulating film that covers the black matrix 30 and the color filter 31, and has a function of smoothing and flattening a step formed by the black matrix 30 and the color filter 31.
- a counter electrode 33 is formed on the planarization layer 32.
- a transparent conductive material similar to that of the pixel electrode 25 is used.
- an alignment film 34 having a vertical alignment regulating force is formed on the entire surface of the counter electrode 33.
- the color filter 31 may have a multicolor configuration of three or more colors of R, G, and B.
- the backlight 2 includes a light source 36 such as a light emitting diode and a cold cathode tube, and a light guide plate 37 that guides light emitted from the light source 36 to the liquid crystal display panel 4.
- the light guide plate 37 has an emission surface that emits light toward the liquid crystal display panel 6 and a back surface facing the emission surface, and a plurality of prisms are formed on the back surface (not shown).
- the back prism has two inclined surfaces (not shown) inclined at predetermined angles different from each other with respect to the emission surface, and the light emitted from the backlight 2 has a high intensity in the normal direction of the display surface and is high. Has directivity.
- the backlight 2 may be an edge light type in which the light source 36 is arranged on the end face of the light guide plate 37 as described above, or may be a direct type in which the light source is arranged directly under the light guide.
- a backlight having a directivity by controlling the light emitting direction that is, a so-called directional backlight.
- a first polarizing plate 3 that functions as a polarizer is provided on the backlight 2 side of the pair of glass substrates 4.
- a second polarizing plate 5 that functions as an analyzer is provided between the pair of glass substrates 4 and the light diffusion sheet 7. Between the first polarizing plate 3 and the pair of glass substrates 4 and between the second polarizing plate 5 and the pair of glass substrates 4, a first retardation plate 13 for compensating for the phase difference of light, a second A phase difference plate 8 is provided (see FIG. 2A).
- the light control film 7 includes a transparent base 39, a plurality of light shielding portions 40 formed on one surface of the transparent base 39 (a surface opposite to the viewing side), a transparent base And a light diffusion layer 41 (light transmissive material layer) formed on one surface of the material 39.
- the light control film 7 has a posture in which the side on which the light diffusion layer 41 is provided faces the second polarizing plate 5 and the transparent substrate 39 side faces the viewing side. 5 is fixed by an adhesive layer 42.
- the transparent substrate 39 is made of a transparent resin such as a triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), or polyethersulfone (PES) film. Is preferably used.
- the transparent base material 39 serves as a base when applying the material for the light-shielding portion 40 and the light diffusion layer 41 in the manufacturing process described later, and has heat resistance and mechanical strength in a heat treatment step during the manufacturing process. There is a need. Therefore, as the transparent base material 39, a glass base material or the like may be used in addition to the resin base material.
- the total light transmittance of the transparent substrate 39 is preferably 90% or more as defined in JIS K7361-1. When the total light transmittance is 90% or more, sufficient transparency can be obtained.
- a transparent resin substrate having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m is used as an example.
- the plurality of light shielding portions 40 are formed so as to be scattered on one surface (surface opposite to the viewing side) of the transparent base material 39.
- the x axis is a predetermined direction in a plane parallel to the screen of the liquid crystal panel 6
- the y axis is a direction orthogonal to the x axis in the plane
- the z axis is the thickness of the liquid crystal display device 1. Define the direction.
- the planar shape of the light-shielding portion 40 when the light control film 7 is viewed from the z-axis direction is, for example, an asymmetrical dot shape such as an ellipse. Is formed.
- the light shielding layer width in the direction of the azimuth angle 0 degrees to 180 degrees indicated by the solid line in the figure is wide, and the light shielding layer width in the direction of the azimuth angle 90 degrees to 270 degrees indicated by the dotted line in the figure is a dot shape. (See FIG. 4A).
- the side area of the light diffusing portion (see FIG. 4B) is in the azimuth angle 0 ° -180 ° direction, and It is smaller than the side area (see FIG. 4C). Therefore, according to the light control film 7 of the present embodiment, the amount of light emitted by diffusing in the direction of azimuth angle 0 ° -180 ° is small, and the amount of light emitted by diffusing in the direction of azimuth 90 ° -270 °. Will increase. That is, asymmetric light diffusion is realized depending on the orientation.
- planar shape of the light-shielding portion 40 may be uneven as long as the shape is substantially perpendicular to a certain azimuth, for example, an azimuth angle of 90 degrees to 270 degrees (see FIG. 4D).
- the asymmetric dot diameter is not particularly limited to a fixed size, and dot sizes having various sizes may be mixed. Further, the arrangement is not limited to a regular arrangement, and is not limited to a periodic arrangement. Further, the dots of the respective light shielding portions 40 may be formed overlapping each other.
- the light-shielding portion 40 is composed of a layer made of a black pigment, dye, resin or the like having light absorption and photosensitivity, such as a black resist containing carbon black.
- a resin containing carbon black or the like the film constituting the light-shielding portion 40 can be formed in the printing process, so that advantages such as a small amount of material used and a high throughput can be obtained.
- a metal film such as Cr (chromium) or a Cr / Cr oxide multilayer film may be used. When this type of metal film or multilayer film is used, the optical density of these films is high, so that there is an advantage that light is sufficiently absorbed by the thin film.
- the light diffusing layer 41 is made of an organic material having optical transparency and photosensitivity such as acrylic resin or epoxy resin. Further, the total light transmittance of the light diffusion layer 41 is preferably 90% or more in accordance with JIS K7361-1. When the total light transmittance is 90% or more, sufficient transparency can be obtained.
- the layer thickness of the light diffusion layer 41 is set to be sufficiently larger than the thickness of the light shielding portion 40. In the case of this embodiment, the layer thickness of the light diffusion layer 41 is about 25 ⁇ m as an example, and the layer thickness of the light shielding unit 40 is about 150 nm as an example.
- the light shielding part 40 has a shape in which the cross-sectional area when cut along a plane parallel to one surface of the transparent base material 39 is large on the light shielding part 40 side and gradually decreases as the distance from the light shielding part 40 increases.
- a hollow portion 43 is formed. That is, the hollow portion 43 has a so-called forward tapered tapered truncated cone shape when viewed from the transparent substrate 39 side.
- the inside of the hollow portion 43 is an air layer.
- the portion other than the hollow portion 43 of the light diffusion layer 41, that is, the portion where the transparent resin is continuously present is a portion that contributes to light transmission. In the following description, the portion other than the hollow portion 43 of the light diffusion layer 41 is referred to as a portion.
- the light incident on the light diffusing portion 44 is totally reflected at the interface between the light diffusing portion 44 and the hollow portion 43, guided in a state of being substantially confined inside the light diffusing portion 44, and passed through the transparent base material 39. Is emitted to the outside.
- the light control film 7 is disposed so that the transparent base material 39 faces the viewer side. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5A, the area of the two opposing surfaces of the light diffusion portion 44 is the area.
- the smaller surface (the surface on the side in contact with the transparent substrate 39) is the light emitting end surface 44a, and the larger surface (the surface opposite to the transparent substrate 39) is the light incident end surface 44b.
- the inclination angle ⁇ (angle formed between the light emitting end surface 44a and the side surface 44c) of the side surface 44c (interface between the light diffusion portion 44 and the hollow portion 43) of the light diffusion portion 44 is preferably about 60 ° to 90 °.
- the inclination angle of the side surface 44c of the light diffusing portion 44 is not particularly limited as long as the loss of incident light is not so great and the incident light can be sufficiently diffused.
- the angle ⁇ formed between the side surface 44c of the light diffusing unit 44 and the light emitting end surface 44a is such that the light incident in parallel or substantially parallel to the optical axis OA is totally reflected.
- the angle ⁇ ′ (in degrees) exceeding the critical angle with respect to the normal line CL of the side surface 44c is set.
- the angle ⁇ between the side surface 44c of the light diffusing portion 44 and the light emitting end surface 44a orthogonal to the optical axis OA is a point P at the point where the side surface 44c of the light diffusing portion 44 intersects the light emitting end surface 44a and the optical axis OA.
- the incident point of the parallel incident light VR on the side surface 44c is a point Q and the intersection of the perpendicular passing through the point Q and the light emitting end surface 44a out of the perpendiculars to the light emitting end surface 44a is a point R, it can be expressed by an angle QPR. it can.
- the value of the angle PQR is (90 ⁇ ) degrees
- the inclination angle ⁇ of the side surface 44c of the light diffusion portion 44 is the same as the incident angle ⁇ ′ of the incident light VR at the point Q. Therefore, the inclination angle ⁇ of the side surface 44c of the light diffusion portion 44 is formed at an angle exceeding the critical angle.
- the light diffusion portion 44 since air exists in the hollow portion 43, if the light diffusion portion 44 is formed of, for example, a transparent acrylic resin, the side surface 44c of the light diffusion portion 44 is an interface between the transparent acrylic resin and air. It becomes.
- the difference in refractive index at the interface between the inside and the outside of the light diffusing portion 44 is that when the hollow portion 43 is filled with air, the periphery of the light diffusing portion 44 is made of another general low refractive index material. Larger than configured.
- the incident angle range in which light is totally reflected by the side surface 44c of the light diffusion portion 44 is wide.
- the presence of a low refractive index material indicates that the periphery of the light diffusion portion 44 is in a low refractive index state so that light can be totally reflected.
- the hollow portion 43 includes a state in which an inert gas such as nitrogen is filled instead of air.
- the inside of the hollow portion 43 may be in a vacuum state or a reduced pressure state than the atmosphere.
- incident light incident at an angle exceeding the critical angle is totally reflected by the side surface 44c, passes through the light diffusion portion 44, and is emitted to the viewer side. Further, as indicated by an arrow LA in FIG. 5A, the incident light that passes through the light diffusing portion 44 without entering the side surface 44c is emitted as it is to the viewer side. On the other hand, as indicated by an arrow LD in FIG. 5A, incident light incident at an angle equal to or smaller than the critical angle is not totally reflected and passes through the side surface 44 c of the light diffusing unit 44.
- the light shielding part 40 having light absorption is provided in a region other than the light diffusion part 44, the light transmitted through the side surface 44c of the light diffusion part 44 is absorbed by the light shielding part 40. For this reason, there is no possibility that display blur may occur due to stray light or the like, and the contrast may be lowered.
- the amount of light transmitted through the side surface 44c of the light diffusing unit 44 increases, the amount of light emitted to the viewing side decreases, and an image with high luminance cannot be obtained.
- a backlight that emits light at an angle that does not enter the side surface 44c of the light diffusing section 44 at a critical angle or less, that is, a so-called directional backlight.
- the taper-shaped angle which forms the hollow part 43 of the light-diffusion part 44 in the light control film 7 shown to FIG. is also preferable that the angles of the tapered shapes forming the hollow portion 93 of the light diffusion portion 94 are the same.
- FIG. 6A shows the luminance distribution of the anisotropic directional backlight 2 used in this embodiment. That is, in the polar angle direction, the luminance increases from the outside toward the center, and the azimuth angle 90 ° -270 ° indicated by the dotted line in the figure is higher than the azimuth angle 0 ° -180 ° indicated by the solid line in the figure. The amount of light emitted from the bearing is small.
- FIG. 6B shows the luminance distribution of the directional backlight 2 as a polar coordinate diagram.
- the luminance distribution is almost symmetrical in the direction of the azimuth angle 0 ° -180 ° indicated by the solid line, whereas it is asymmetric in the direction of the azimuth angle 90 ° -270 ° indicated by the dotted line in the figure.
- the 90 ° azimuth emits less light than the azimuth having an azimuth angle of 270 °.
- FIG. 6C shows the relationship between polar angle and azimuth angle.
- the angle formed between the normal direction of the light control film 7 from the backlight 2 and the outgoing light is defined as a polar angle, and the counterclockwise angle in a plane parallel to the light control film is defined as an azimuth angle. is doing.
- the light control with a strong azimuth angle of 90 degrees to 270 degrees according to the present embodiment that is, the light control with a large amount of emitted light
- the viewing angle can be improved.
- the manufacturing method is demonstrated centering on the manufacturing process of the light control film 7 which comprises the liquid crystal display device 1 of the said structure.
- the outline of the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal panel 6 will be described first.
- the TFT substrate 9 and the color filter substrate 10 are respectively produced.
- the surface of the TFT substrate 9 on which the TFT 19 is formed and the surface of the color filter substrate 10 on which the color filter 31 is formed are arranged to face each other, and the TFT substrate 9 and the color filter substrate 10 are sealed.
- liquid crystal is injected into a space surrounded by the TFT substrate 9, the color filter substrate 10, and the seal member.
- the liquid crystal panel 6 is completed through the above steps.
- the manufacturing method of the TFT substrate 9 and the color filter substrate 10 may be a conventional method, and the description thereof is omitted.
- a triacetyl cellulose base material 39 having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m is prepared, and a black containing carbon as a light shielding part material on one surface of the base material 39 by using a spin coating method.
- a negative resist is applied to form a coating film 45 having a thickness of 150 nm.
- the base material 39 on which the coating film 45 is formed is placed on a hot plate, and the coating film 45 is pre-baked at a temperature of 90 ° C. Thereby, the solvent in the black negative resist is volatilized.
- exposure is performed by irradiating the coating film 45 with light L through a photomask 47 in which a plurality of opening patterns 46 having a planar shape of, for example, an elliptical shape are formed using an exposure apparatus.
- an exposure apparatus using a mixed line of i-line having a wavelength of 365 nm, h-line having a wavelength of 404 nm, and g-line having a wavelength of 436 nm is used.
- the exposure dose is 100 mJ / cm 2 .
- the coating film 45 made of a black negative resist is developed using a dedicated developer, dried at 100 ° C., and the planar shape is as shown in FIG. 7B.
- a plurality of elliptical light shielding portions 40 are formed on one surface of the base material 39.
- the transparent negative resist is exposed using the light shielding portion 40 made of black negative resist as a mask to form the hollow portion 43. Therefore, the position of the opening pattern 46 of the photomask 47 corresponds to the position where the hollow portion 43 is formed.
- the elliptical light shielding portion 40 corresponds to a non-formation region (hollow portion 43) of the light diffusion portion 44 in the next process.
- the plurality of opening patterns 46 are all elliptical patterns, and the major axis and the minor axis have various sizes.
- the interval (pitch) between the adjacent opening patterns 46 is neither regular nor periodic, but the interval (pitch) between the opening patterns 46 is the pixel interval (pitch, for example, 150 ⁇ m) of the liquid crystal panel 6. ) Is desirable. Thereby, since at least one light-shielding portion 40 is formed in the pixel, a wide viewing angle can be achieved when combined with a liquid crystal panel having a small pixel pitch, for example, used for a mobile device or the like.
- the light shielding portion 40 is formed by a photolithography method using a black negative resist.
- a photomask in which the opening pattern 46 and the light shielding pattern of the present embodiment are reversed is used, the light shielding portion 40 is used.
- An absorptive positive resist can also be used. Or you may form the light-shielding part 40 directly using a vapor deposition method, a printing method, etc. FIG.
- a transparent negative resist made of an acrylic resin is applied as a light diffusing portion material to the upper surface of the light shielding portion 40 by using a spin coating method to form a coating film 48 having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m.
- the base material 39 on which the coating film 48 is formed is placed on a hot plate, and the coating film 48 is pre-baked at a temperature of 95 ° C. Thereby, the solvent in the transparent negative resist is volatilized.
- the coating film 48 is irradiated with light F from the base material 39 side using the light shielding portion 40 as a mask to perform exposure.
- an exposure apparatus using a mixed line of i-line having a wavelength of 365 nm, h-line having a wavelength of 404 nm, and g-line having a wavelength of 436 nm is used.
- the exposure amount is 500 mJ / cm 2 .
- the substrate 39 on which the coating film 48 is formed is placed on a hot plate, and post-exposure baking (PEB) of the coating film 48 is performed at a temperature of 95 ° C.
- PEB post-exposure baking
- the coating film 48 made of a transparent negative resist is developed using a dedicated developer, post-baked at 100 ° C., and the transparent resin layer 41 having a plurality of hollow portions 43 is used as a base material as shown in FIG. 7D. 39 on one side.
- the transparent negative resist constituting the coating film 48 is radially spread so as to spread outward from the non-formation region of the light shielding portion 40. Exposed. Thereby, the forward tapered hollow portion 43 is formed, and the light diffusion portion 44 has a reverse tapered shape. The inclination angle of the side surface 44c of the light diffusion portion 44 can be controlled by the degree of diffusion of the diffused light.
- the light F used here parallel light, diffused light, or light whose intensity at a specific emission angle is different from that at another emission angle, that is, light having strength at a specific emission angle can be used.
- the inclination angle of the side surface 44c of the light diffusing portion 44 becomes a single inclination angle of about 60 ° to 90 °, for example.
- the tilt angle changes continuously, and the cross-sectional shape becomes a curved inclined surface.
- an inclined surface having a slope angle corresponding to the strength is obtained.
- the inclination angle of the side surface 44c of the light diffusing portion 44 can be adjusted.
- a diffusion plate having a haze of about 50 is arranged on the optical path of the light emitted from the exposure apparatus, and the diffusion plate Irradiate light through.
- the total light transmittance of the light control film 7 is preferably 90% or more. When the total light transmittance is 90% or more, sufficient transparency is obtained, and the optical performance required for the light diffusion sheet 7 can be sufficiently exhibited.
- the total light transmittance is as defined in JIS K7361-1. In this embodiment, an example in which a liquid resist is used has been described, but a film resist may be used instead of this configuration.
- the completed light control film 7 is disposed with the base material 39 facing the viewing side and the light diffusion portion 44 facing the second polarizing plate 5 with the adhesive layer 42 interposed therebetween. Affix to the liquid crystal panel 6.
- the planar shape of the light-shielding portion 40 when the light control film 7 is viewed from the z-axis direction is, for example, an asymmetrical dot shape such as an ellipse. Is formed.
- the light shielding layer width in the direction of the azimuth angle 0 degrees to 180 degrees indicated by the solid line in the figure is wide, and the light shielding layer width in the direction of the azimuth angle 90 degrees to 270 degrees indicated by the dotted line in the figure is a dot shape. (See FIG. 4A).
- the light-shielding portion 40 is not limited to a certain size, and various sizes of dot diameters are mixed. Furthermore, the arrangement is not regular, periodic, but random. Therefore, when the light control film 7 is viewed in the cross-sectional direction, the side area of the light diffusing portion 44 (see FIG. 4B) in the azimuth angle of 0 ° -180 ° direction is the light diffusing portion in the azimuth angle of 90 ° -270 ° It is smaller than the side area 44 (see FIG. 4C).
- the amount of light that is diffused and emitted in the direction of the azimuth angle of 0 degrees to 180 degrees is small, and the amount of light that is diffused and emitted in the direction of the azimuth angle of 90 degrees to 270 degrees. Will increase. That is, asymmetric light diffusion is realized depending on the orientation.
- the luminance distribution of the directional backlight 2 used in the present example increases in the polar angle direction from the outside toward the center, and is represented by a solid line in the figure.
- the azimuth angle 90 ° -270 ° indicated by the dotted line in the figure emits less light than the indicated azimuth angle 0 ° -180 °
- the azimuth angle 90 ° -270 ° direction has directivity. Since it is strong, it is necessary to diffuse strongly after passing through the liquid crystal panel 6.
- an azimuth angle of 90 degrees to 270 degrees is combined by combining an azimuth angle of 90 degrees to 270 degrees with a high directivity of the backlight and an azimuth angle of 90 degrees to 270 degrees, which is a strong azimuth direction of the light control film. It is possible to realize a liquid crystal display device having a large viewing angle expansion effect in the direction.
- a directional backlight having a high light directivity with an asymmetrical light distribution characteristic for example, an azimuth angle of 90 degrees to 270 degrees, and an azimuth angle of 90 degrees, with an azimuth angle of 270 degrees that is a clear viewing direction of a TN (Twisted Nematic) liquid crystal
- a light control film that has strong light diffusion characteristics in the -270 degree azimuth, light and dark reversal (tone reversal) phenomenon during halftone display, which occurs in TN (Twisted Nematic) liquid crystal display devices, and a black screen This can improve the so-called black crushing phenomenon.
- the light L3 (see FIGS. 4B and 4C) incident obliquely on the light control film 7 is light that has been transmitted obliquely through the liquid crystal panel 4, and reduces light different from the desired retardation, so-called display contrast. It is the light that causes the The light control film 7 of the present embodiment can increase the display contrast by cutting such light at the light shielding unit 40.
- the plurality of hollow portions 43 provided in the light diffusion layer 41 are isolated, and the light transmissive material layer portion that becomes the light diffusion portion 44 is in-plane. It has a continuous shape.
- a sufficient contact area between the light diffusing portion 44 and the base material 39 can be secured, so that the adhesion between the light diffusing portion 44 and the base material 39 is stronger than before, and defects in the light diffusing portion 44 due to external force or the like are present. It is difficult to occur and can perform a desired light diffusion function.
- the light-shielding part 40 is not provided in the base material 39, the external light which injects into the light control film 7 from the visual recognition side will repeat reflection in the hollow part 43 etc., and this will be observed as a scattered light on the visual recognition side.
- Such scattering by external light significantly reduces the visibility in a bright place.
- “black floating” in which black appears whitish at the time of black display occurs, and the contrast is lowered, so that a suitable image cannot be observed.
- these problems can be solved by providing the base material 39 with the plurality of light shielding portions 40.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B The basic configuration of the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the arrangement of the light blocking portions 40 of the light control film is different from that of the first embodiment. Moreover, the directional backlight to be combined has an isotropic luminance distribution unlike the first embodiment. Therefore, in this embodiment, description of the basic composition of a liquid crystal display device is abbreviate
- the planar shape of the light shielding portion 40 when the light control film 50 is viewed from the z-axis direction is the same as in the first embodiment, for example, It is formed in an asymmetrical dot shape as represented by an ellipse in the vertical and horizontal directions, but the width of the light shielding layer in the direction of azimuth angle 0 ° -180 ° shown by the solid line in the figure is narrow and shown by the dotted line in the figure The light shielding layer width in the direction of the azimuth angle of 90 degrees to 270 degrees is arranged as a wide dot shape.
- the light control film 50 According to the light control film 50 according to the present embodiment, a large amount of light is diffused and emitted in the direction of the azimuth angle of 0 degrees to 180 degrees, and a light amount diffused and emitted in the direction of the azimuth angle of 90 degrees to 270 degrees. Less. That is, asymmetric light diffusion is realized depending on the orientation.
- FIG. 8B shows the luminance distribution of the directional backlight combined with the light control film 50 described above in the present embodiment. That is, in the polar angle direction, the luminance increases from the outside toward the center, and either the azimuth angle 0 ° -180 ° indicated by the solid line in the drawing or the azimuth angle 90 ° -270 ° indicated by the dotted line in the drawing.
- the azimuth direction also shows a substantially symmetrical luminance distribution, and the amount of emitted light is substantially uniform and isotropic.
- the isotropic directional backlight 2 has a large amount of light that is diffused and emitted in the direction of azimuth angle 0 ° -180 °, and the azimuth angle 90
- the liquid crystal display device 1 is configured by combining the light control film 50 that reduces the amount of light that is diffused and emitted in the direction of ⁇ 270 degrees, thereby providing a large viewing angle expansion effect in the direction of the azimuth angle of 0 degrees to 180 degrees. be able to.
- the viewing angle of image display can be expanded and the visibility from the left-right direction can be improved.
- the planar shape of the light-shielding part 40 may be uneven as long as the shape is substantially perpendicular to a certain azimuth, for example, an azimuth angle of 0 ° to 180 °. .
- the asymmetric dot diameter is not particularly limited to a certain size, and various sizes of dot diameters may be mixed.
- the arrangement is not limited to a regular arrangement, and is not limited to a periodic arrangement.
- the dots of the respective light shielding portions may be formed overlapping each other.
- the contrast of the display can be increased by cutting the light incident obliquely on the light control film 50 by the light shielding unit 40, and the light that becomes the light diffusion unit 44 Since the transparent material layer portion has a continuous shape in the plane, a sufficient contact area between the light diffusing portion 44 and the base material 39 can be secured, so that the adhesion between the light diffusing portion 44 and the base material 39 can be secured.
- the light diffusing portion 44 is not likely to be defective due to external force or the like, and can perform a desired light diffusing function.
- the light control film 50 is visually recognized by providing a plurality of light shielding portions 40 on the substrate 39. The same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained in that external light incident from the side is repeatedly reflected by the hollow portion 43 and the like, and this is prevented from being observed as scattered light on the viewing side, thereby preventing a decrease in contrast. It is.
- FIGS. 9A to 9C a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 9A to 9C.
- the basic configuration of the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first and second embodiments, and only the configuration of the light blocking portion of the light control film is different from that of the first and second embodiments. Therefore, in this embodiment, description of the basic composition of a liquid crystal display device is abbreviate
- the plurality of light shielding portions 40 are all arranged in a specific direction in the major axis direction.
- the major axis direction is the azimuth angle of 0 ° -180 ° indicated by the solid line in the drawing
- the major axis direction is the azimuth angle of 90 ° -270 ° indicated by the dotted line in the drawing.
- the planar shape of the light shielding portion 40 when the light control film 51 is viewed from the z-axis direction is an isotropic circular shape. It is arranged as a dot shape with various anisotropic orientations.
- the arrangement of the dot-shaped light-shielding portion 40 having an isotropic circular shape and various anisotropic orientations in the entire light control film 51 includes an azimuth angle of 0 ° -180 ° indicated by a solid line in the drawing.
- the light shielding layer in the direction is long, and the light shielding portion 40 in the direction of the azimuth angle of 90 degrees to 270 degrees indicated by the dotted line in the drawing is arranged short (see FIG. 9B).
- the major axis of the light-shielding part 40 is arranged in the range of the azimuth angle of ⁇ 45 degrees to 45 degrees.
- the side area of the light diffusing portion 44 is in the direction of the azimuth angle 0 degrees to 180 degrees, and the azimuth angle 90 degrees to 270 degrees. It is smaller than the side area of the light diffusion portion 44 in the direction. Therefore, according to the light control film 51 of the present embodiment, the amount of light emitted by diffusing in the direction of azimuth angle 0 ° -180 ° is small, and the amount of light emitted by diffusing in the direction of azimuth angle 90 ° -270 °. Will increase. That is, asymmetric light diffusion is realized depending on the orientation. As shown in FIG.
- the planar shape of the light-shielding portion 40 may include a shape with an uneven peripheral edge, a crescent shape, and the like. Further, the dots of the light shielding portion 40 may be formed overlapping each other. That is, it is sufficient that the ratio of the major axis direction of the light-shielding portion 40 to be orthogonal to the direction of the azimuth angle of 90 degrees to 270 degrees is large in the entire light control film.
- the directional backlight having an anisotropic luminance distribution described in the first embodiment. Even when 2 is used, it is possible to improve the viewing angle in the direction of the azimuth angle of 90 degrees to 270 degrees as a whole. In particular, since the light control film 51 according to the present embodiment can increase the light diffusion amount of the azimuth angle of 90 degrees to 270 degrees as a whole, a smooth change in viewing angle can be obtained. In addition, when the directional backlight 2 having an isotropic luminance distribution described in the second embodiment is used, a continuous and smooth viewing angle change can be obtained.
- the plurality of light shielding portions 40 are all arranged in a specific direction in the major axis direction.
- the planar shape of the light shielding portion 40 when the light control film 51 is viewed from the z-axis direction is arranged as an isotropic circular shape and a dot shape having various anisotropic orientations.
- the ratio of the major axis direction of the light-shielding portion 40 perpendicular to the direction of the azimuth angle of 90 degrees to 270 degrees is arranged as a whole in the light control film (see FIG. 9A).
- the planar shape of the light-shielding portion 40 when the light control film 52 is viewed from the z-axis direction is arranged as a polygonal dot shape.
- each light shielding unit 40 is rotated and non-periodically arranged with respect to the direction of azimuth angle 0 degrees to 180 degrees indicated by a solid line in the figure, but as a whole, the azimuth angle 0
- the light shielding portion in the direction of ⁇ 180 degrees is long, and the light shielding portion in the direction of the azimuth angle of 90 degrees to 270 degrees shown by the dotted line in the drawing is short.
- the side area of the light diffusion portion 44 is in the azimuth angle 0 ° -180 ° direction, and the azimuth angle 90 ° -270 ° direction. It is smaller than the side area of the light diffusion portion 44. Therefore, according to the light control film 52 of the present embodiment, the amount of light that is diffused and emitted in the direction of azimuth angle 0 degrees to 180 degrees as a whole is small, and the light is diffused and emitted in the direction of azimuth angle 90 degrees to 270 degrees. Increasing the amount of light. That is, asymmetric light diffusion is realized depending on the orientation.
- the planar shape of the light-shielding portion 40 does not have to have the major axis direction of the azimuth angle of 0 ° -180 °, and the major axis direction of the light-shielding portion 40 is the azimuth angle as an overall average of the dot shape of the light-shielding portion 40. It suffices if the ratio perpendicular to the 90-270 degree direction is large. Further, the dots of the light shielding portion 40 may be formed overlapping each other.
- the anisotropic luminance distribution described in the first embodiment is similar to the third embodiment. Even when the directional backlight 2 having the above is used, it is possible to improve the viewing angle in the direction of the azimuth angle of 90 degrees to 270 degrees as a whole. In particular, since the light control film 52 according to the present embodiment can increase the light diffusion amount of the azimuth angle of 90 degrees to 270 degrees as a whole, a smooth viewing angle change can be obtained. Similarly, when the directional backlight 2 having an isotropic luminance distribution described in the second embodiment is used, a more continuous and smooth viewing angle change can be obtained.
- FIGS. 11A and 11B The basic configuration of the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment is the same as that of the first to fourth embodiments, and the configuration of the light blocking portion of the light control film is only different from that of the first to fourth embodiments. Therefore, in this embodiment, description of the basic composition of a liquid crystal display device is abbreviate
- FIGS. 11A and 11B and the following description the same components as those used in the first to fourth embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the planar shape of the light shielding portion 40 when the light control film 53 is viewed from the z-axis direction is a semicircular shape. It is arranged as a dot shape. Therefore, according to the light control film 53 according to the present embodiment, the direction of the azimuth angle of 0 ° -180 ° indicated by the solid line as a whole is small in the amount of light that is diffused and emitted isotropic. Only the direction of the azimuth angle of 270 degrees indicated by the dotted line is diffused and emitted. That is, asymmetric light diffusion with high directivity in the direction of azimuth angle 270 degrees is realized.
- planar shape of the light-shielding part 40 is not limited to a semicircular shape, and may be, for example, a semi-elliptical shape as long as the azimuth angle of 270 degrees is a straight dot shape.
- the directional backlight 2 having an anisotropic luminance distribution described in the first embodiment. Even in the case where is used, it is possible to improve the viewing angle in a specific direction of 270 degrees in a direction orthogonal to the straight line portion of the light shielding unit 40, that is, an azimuth angle of 270 degrees. Similarly, when the directional backlight 2 having an isotropic luminance distribution described in the second embodiment is used, it is possible to improve the viewing angle in a specific direction with an azimuth angle of 270 degrees. Become.
- FIG. 11B shows a modification of the light control film according to the present embodiment.
- the planar shape of the light shielding part 40 when the light control film 54 is viewed from the z-axis direction is arranged as a semicircular dot shape, but the linear part of the light shielding part 40 is not necessarily perpendicular to the azimuth having an azimuth angle of 270 degrees.
- the linear portion of the light-shielding portion 40 is arranged so as to have a high ratio of being orthogonal to the azimuth having an azimuth angle of 270 degrees as a whole.
- the direction of the azimuth angle of 0 ° -180 ° indicated by the solid line in the drawing as a whole is small in the amount of light emitted by isotropic diffusion.
- the amount of light emitted after being diffused in the direction of azimuth angle 270 degrees indicated by the dotted line is increased. That is, as a whole, asymmetrical light diffusion with high directivity in the direction of the azimuth angle of 270 degrees is realized.
- the semicircular shape as the planar shape of the light shielding portion 40 may be a semi-elliptical shape or a fan shape. Moreover, even if the dot shape of the light-shielding part 40 may overlap and the dot shape whose azimuth
- the directional backlight 2 having an anisotropic luminance distribution described in the first embodiment is used.
- the viewing angle in the direction of the azimuth angle of 270 degrees as a whole is improved.
- the light control film according to this embodiment can increase the amount of light diffusion at an azimuth angle of 270 degrees as a whole, a smooth viewing angle change can be obtained.
- the basic configuration of the liquid crystal display device 1 (display device) is the same as that of the above-described first to fifth embodiments, and the light shielding portion and the light diffusion portion of the light control film. The configuration of is different.
- a plurality of light diffusion portions are formed on one surface side of a light-transmitting substrate, and a light shielding portion is formed in a region other than the region where the light diffusion portions are formed. That is, the arrangement of the light diffusing part and the light shielding part is opposite to that of the light control film of the first to fifth embodiments. Therefore, in FIGS. 12A to 15 and the following description, the same reference numerals are given to the same components as those used in the first embodiment, and the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the planar shape of the light diffusion portion 44 when the light control film 60 is viewed from the z-axis direction is represented by, for example, an ellipse. These are independently arranged as asymmetrically shaped openings on the top, bottom, left and right. Therefore, when the light control film 60 is viewed in the cross-sectional direction, the direction of the azimuth angle 0 ° -180 ° indicated by the solid line in FIG. 12A is the side area of the light diffusing portion (see FIG. 12B), and the dotted line in FIG. It is smaller than the side area (see FIG.
- the planar shape of the light diffusing unit 44 may include a shape such as a circle, a polygon, and a semicircle. Further, the openings of the light diffusion portion 44 may be formed to overlap each other.
- the amount of light emitted after being diffused in the azimuth angle of 0 ° -180 ° is small, and the azimuth angle is 90 ° -270 °.
- the amount of light that is diffused and emitted is increased. That is, asymmetric light diffusion is realized depending on the orientation.
- the luminance distribution of the directional backlight 2 used in the present embodiment the luminance increases in the polar angle direction from the outside toward the center, and the azimuth angle is 90 degrees-270 degrees than the azimuth angle of 0 degrees-180 degrees.
- the azimuth angle of 90 ° to 270 ° has a higher directivity, and thus it is necessary to diffuse strongly after passing through the liquid crystal panel 6 (see FIGS. 6A and 6B).
- an azimuth angle of 90 degrees to 270 degrees is combined with an azimuth angle of 90 degrees to 270 degrees where the directivity of the backlight is high and an azimuth angle of 90 degrees to 270 degrees, which is a direction in which the light control film is strongly diffused. It is possible to realize a liquid crystal display device having a large viewing angle expansion effect in the direction of degrees.
- the planar shape of the light diffusion portion 44 when the light control film 61 is viewed from the z-axis direction has an isotropic circular shape and various anisotropic orientations. Including the dot shape, the opening in the direction of 0 to 180 degrees indicated by the solid line in the figure is long, and the opening in the direction of 90 to 270 degrees indicated by the dotted line in the figure is short. ing.
- the direction of the azimuth angle of 0 ° to 180 ° is the side area of the light diffusion portion (see FIG. 12B), and the azimuth angle is 90 ° to 270. It is smaller than the side area (see FIG. 12C) of the light diffusing portion in the vertical direction. Therefore, according to the light control film 61 of the present embodiment, the amount of light emitted after being diffused in the direction of azimuth angle 0 ° -180 ° is small, and the amount of light emitted after being diffused in the direction of 90 ° -270 ° azimuth angle. Will increase. That is, asymmetric light diffusion is realized depending on the orientation.
- the shape of the opening of the light diffusion portion 44 may include a shape in which the peripheral edge is uneven, a crescent shape, and the like. Moreover, the opening part of the light-diffusion part 44 may overlap and be formed. That is, it is not always necessary that the major axis direction of all the openings be in the direction of azimuth angle 0 ° to 180 °, and the major axis direction of the apertures is orthogonal to the azimuth angle 90 ° to 270 ° as a whole. A large percentage is sufficient.
- the arrangement of the major axis of the opening of the light diffusion portion 44 is preferably in the range of the azimuth angle of ⁇ 45 ° to 45 °.
- the directional backlight having an anisotropic luminance distribution described in the first embodiment. Even when 2 is used, it is possible to improve the viewing angle in the direction of the azimuth angle of 90 degrees to 270 degrees as a whole. In particular, since the light control film according to the present embodiment can increase the light diffusion amount of the azimuth angle of 90 degrees to 270 degrees as a whole, a smooth viewing angle change can be obtained. In addition, when the directional backlight 2 having an isotropic luminance distribution described in the second embodiment is used, a continuous and smooth viewing angle change can be obtained.
- the planar shape of the light diffusion portion 44 when the light control film 62 is viewed from the z-axis direction is independent as an opening having a polygonal dot shape.
- Each opening is rotated and aperiodically arranged with respect to the direction of azimuth angle 0 ° -180 ° indicated by a solid line in the figure.
- the opening in the direction of ⁇ 180 degrees is long, and the opening in the direction of the azimuth 90 degrees to 270 degrees indicated by the dotted line in the drawing is short.
- the amount of light emitted by diffusing in the direction of azimuth angle 0 ° -180 ° is small, and the amount of light emitted by diffusing in the direction of azimuth angle 90 ° -270 °. Will increase. That is, asymmetric light diffusion is realized depending on the orientation.
- the openings of the light diffusion portion 44 may be formed so as to overlap each other. Further, it is not always necessary that the major axis direction of all the apertures be in the direction of azimuth angle 0 ° -180 °, and the major axis direction of the aperture is orthogonal to the azimuth angle 90 ° -270 ° azimuth as a whole of the aperture shape. A high percentage is sufficient.
- the anisotropic luminance distribution described in the first embodiment is the same as in the seventh embodiment.
- the directional backlight 2 having the above it is possible to improve the viewing angle in the direction of the azimuth angle of 90 degrees to 270 degrees as a whole.
- the light control film 62 according to the present embodiment can increase the light diffusion amount of the azimuth angle of 90 degrees to 270 degrees as a whole, a smooth viewing angle change can be obtained.
- the directional backlight 2 having an isotropic luminance distribution described in the second embodiment is used, a more continuous and smooth viewing angle change can be obtained.
- the planar shape of the light diffusion portion 44 when the light control film 63 is viewed from the z-axis direction is an opening having a semicircular dot shape.
- the straight line portion of the opening is not necessarily orthogonal to the azimuth having an azimuth angle of 270 degrees. That is, the linear portion of the opening is generally arranged to have a high ratio of being orthogonal to the azimuth having an azimuth angle of 270 degrees.
- the direction of the azimuth angle of 0 ° to 180 ° indicated by the solid line in the drawing as a whole has a small amount of light that is diffused and emitted isotropically.
- the amount of light emitted after being diffused in the direction of azimuth angle 270 degrees indicated by the dotted line is increased. That is, as a whole, asymmetrical light diffusion with high directivity in the direction of the azimuth angle of 270 degrees is realized.
- the semicircular shape as the opening of the light diffusion portion 44 may be a semi-elliptical shape or a fan shape.
- the openings may overlap each other, and even if a light diffusing portion whose azimuth angle is 90 degrees is included, the opening portion as the overall average of the opening portions of the light diffusing portion 44 may be included. It is sufficient that the straight line portion is arranged so that there is a large proportion of the azimuth at an azimuth angle of 270 degrees.
- the light control film 63 according to the present embodiment has an opening formed from a straight portion and a circular portion, the light is directed to the straight portion and the orthogonal direction. Increases diffusion. Accordingly, in the liquid crystal display device including the light control film 63 according to the present embodiment, for example, even when the directional backlight 2 having an anisotropic luminance distribution described in the first embodiment is used. As a whole, it becomes possible to improve the viewing angle in the direction of the azimuth angle of 270 degrees. In particular, since the light control film according to this embodiment can increase the amount of light diffusion at an azimuth angle of 270 degrees as a whole, a smooth viewing angle change can be obtained.
- the inclination angle of the side surface of the light diffusing unit 44 is constant, but the inclination angle of the side surface of the light diffusing unit 44 may be varied depending on the location.
- the interface between the hollow portion 43 and the light diffusion layer 41 (side surface of the light transmission portion) has a continuously changing inclination angle, and the cross-sectional shape is curved. It may be an inclined surface.
- the light control film 70 illustrated in FIG. 16A has a shape in which an interface 43c between the hollow portion 43 and the light diffusion layer 41 is curved toward the hollow portion 43 and the hollow portion 43 is concave.
- the light control film 71 shown in FIG. 16B has a shape in which the interface 43d between the hollow portion 43 and the light diffusion layer 41 is curved toward the light diffusion layer 41 and the hollow portion 43 is convex.
- the interface between the hollow portion 43 and the light diffusion layer 41 (side surface of the light transmission portion) has a plurality of different inclination angles, and the cross-sectional shape is a polygonal line shape. It may be an inclined surface.
- the light control film 80 shown in FIG. 17A has a shape in which the interface 43e between the hollow portion 43 and the light diffusion layer 41 has three inclined surfaces with different inclination angles, and the hollow portion 43 is concave.
- the light control film 81 shown in FIG. 17B has a shape in which the interface 43f between the hollow portion 43 and the light diffusion layer 41 has three inclined surfaces with different inclination angles, and the hollow portion 43 is convex. With these configurations, light diffusibility can be enhanced.
- an antireflection layer As a configuration in which at least one of an antireflection layer, a polarizing filter layer, an antistatic layer, an antiglare treatment layer, and an antifouling treatment layer is provided on the viewing side of the transparent substrate of the light control film in the above embodiment. Also good. According to this configuration, it is possible to add a function to reduce external light reflection, a function to prevent the adhesion of dust and dirt, a function to prevent scratches, and the like according to the type of layer provided on the viewing side of the substrate. Further, it is possible to prevent deterioration of viewing angle characteristics with time.
- the present invention is applicable to various display devices such as a liquid crystal display device, an organic electroluminescence display device, a plasma display, an LED display, and a MEMS display.
- SYMBOLS 1 Liquid crystal display device (display apparatus), 6 ... Liquid crystal panel (display body), 7, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 60, 61, 62, 63, 70, 71, 80, 81 ...
- Light control film Light diffusing member, viewing angle widening member
- 39 ... transparent base material
- 40 light shielding part
- 41 light diffusing layer
- 43 hollow part
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Description
本願は、2011年12月27日に、日本に出願された特願2011-284848号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
また、以下の図面を使用した説明において、図面は模式的なものであり、各寸法の比率等は現実のものとは異なることに留意すべきであり、理解の容易のために説明に必要な部材以外の図示は適宜省略されている。
(1)液晶表示装置の概略構成
(1.1)液晶表示装置の全体構成
以下、本発明の第1実施形態について、図1ないし図7Dを用いて説明する。図1は、本実施形態の液晶表示装置を斜め上方(視認側)から見た斜視図である。図2Aおよび図2Bは、本実施形態の液晶表示装置の断面図である。
本実施形態の液晶表示装置1(表示装置)は、図1および図2Aに示すように、バックライト2(光源)と、第1偏光板3と第1位相差板13と液晶層11およびカラーフィルター基板10を挟持する一対のガラス基板4と第2位相差板8と第2偏光板5とを有する液晶パネル6(表示体)と、光制御フィルム7(視野角拡大部材、光拡散部材)と、から構成されている。図1および図2Aおよび図2Bでは、液晶層およびカラーフィルター等を挟持する一対のガラス基板4を模式的に1枚の板状に図示しているが、その詳細な構造については後で図3を用いて説明する。観察者は、光制御フィルム7が配置された図2Aにおける液晶表示装置1の上側から表示を見ることになる。よって、以下の説明では、光制御フィルム7が配置された側を視認側と称し、バックライト2が配置された側を背面側と称する。
以下、液晶パネル6の具体的な構成について説明する。
ここでは、アクティブマトリクス方式の透過型液晶パネルを一例に挙げて説明するが、本発明に適用可能な液晶パネルはアクティブマトリクス方式の透過型液晶パネルに限るものではない。本発明に適用可能な液晶パネルは、例えば半透過型(透過・反射兼用型)液晶パネルや反射型液晶パネルであっても良く、更には、各画素がスイッチング用薄膜トランジスタ(Thin Film Transistor, 以下、TFTと略記する)を備えていない単純マトリクス方式(パッシブマトリックス方式)の液晶パネルであっても良い。
液晶パネル6は、図3に示すように、スイッチング素子基板としてのTFT基板9と、TFT基板9に対向して配置されたカラーフィルター基板10と、TFT基板9とカラーフィルター基板10との間に挟持された液晶層11と、を有している。液晶層11は、TFT基板9と、カラーフィルター基板10と、TFT基板9とカラーフィルター基板10とを所定の間隔をおいて貼り合わせる枠状のシール部材(図示せず)と、によって囲まれた空間内に封入されている。
ゲート絶縁膜20上には、半導体層15と対向するようにゲート電極16が形成されている。ゲート電極16の材料としては、例えばW(タングステン)/TaN(窒化タンタル)の積層膜、Mo(モリブデン)、Ti(チタン)、Al(アルミニウム)等が用いられる。
図2Aに示すように、バックライト2は、発光ダイオード、冷陰極管等の光源36と、光源36から出射した光を液晶表示パネル4に導く導光板37から成る。導光板37は、液晶表示パネル6に向けて光を出射する出射面と、出射面に対向する裏面とを有し、裏面には複数のプリズムが形成されている(不図示)。裏面のプリズムは、出射面に対して互いに異なる所定の角度で傾斜した2つの傾斜面を有し(不図示)、バックライト2から出射する光は、表示面法線方向における強度が強く、高い指向性を有している。
本実施形態で用いるバックライト2には、光の出射方向を制御して指向性を持たせたバックライト、いわゆる指向性バックライトを用いることが望ましい。後述する光制御フィルム7の光拡散部に対してコリメートまたは略コリメートした光を入射させるような指向性バックライトを用いることでボヤケを少なくし、さらに光の利用効率を高めることができる。上記の指向性バックライトの輝度分布については、後述する。
以下、光制御フィルム7について詳細に説明する。
光制御フィルム7は、図1および図2Aに示すように、透明基材39と、透明基材39の一面(視認側と反対側の面)に形成された複数の遮光部40と、透明基材39の一面に形成された光拡散層41(光透過性材料層)と、から構成されている。この光制御フィルム7は、図2Aに示すように、光拡散層41が設けられた側を第2偏光板5に向け、透明基材39の側を視認側に向けた姿勢で第2偏光板5上に粘着層42により固定されている。
したがって、透明基材39には、樹脂製の基材の他、ガラス製の基材等を用いても良い。また、透明基材39の全光線透過率は、JIS K7361-1の規定で90%以上が好ましい。全光線透過率が90%以上であると、十分な透明性が得られる。本実施形態では、一例として厚さが100μmの透明樹脂製基材を用いる。
図4Aに示すように、本実施形態では、光制御フィルム7をz軸方向から見たときの遮光部40の平面形状が、例えば楕円形で代表されるような上下左右に非対称のドット形状に形成されている。すなわち、図中の実線で示した方位角0度-180度方向の遮光層幅が広く、図中の点線で示した方位角90度-270度方向の遮光層幅が狭いドット形状となっている(図4A参照)。
非対称のドット径としては、特に一定の大きさに限定されるものではなく、様々な大きさのドット径の形状が混在していても良い。更に、その配置は規則的な配置に限定されるものではなく、周期的な配置に限定されるものでもない。また、各遮光部40のドットは重なって形成されていても良い。
また、光拡散層41の全光線透過率は、JIS K7361-1の規定で90%以上が好ましい。全光線透過率が90%以上であると、十分な透明性が得られる。光拡散層41の層厚は遮光部40の厚さよりも十分大きく設定されている。本実施形態の場合、光拡散層41の層厚は一例として25μm程度であり、遮光部40の層厚は一例として150nm程度である。
なお、本発明において、低屈折率材料が存在しているとは、光を全反射可能にするため、光拡散部44の周囲を低屈折率状態とすることを示している。そのため、中空部43には、空気に代えて、窒素等の不活性ガスが充填されている状態も含むものとする。
もしくは、中空部43の内部が真空状態や大気よりも減圧状態であっても良い。
図6Aは、本実施例に用いた異方的な指向性バックライト2の輝度分布を示している。すなわち、極角方向は外側から中心に向かうにしたがって輝度が高く、かつ、図中に実線で示した方位角0度-180度よりも図中に点線で示した方位角90度-270度の方位が出射する光量が少ない。また、図6Bは、係る指向性バックライト2の輝度分布を極座標図として示している。図中の実線で示した方位角0度-180度方向では略対称な輝度分布であるのに対し、図中点線で示した方位角90度-270度方向では非対称となっており、方位角90度の方位が方位角270度の方位よりも出射する光量が少ない。
次に、上記構成の液晶表示装置1を構成する光制御フィルム7の製造工程を中心に、その製造方法について説明する。
液晶パネル6の製造工程の概略を先に説明すると、最初に、TFT基板9とカラーフィルター基板10をそれぞれ作製する。その後、TFT基板9のTFT19が形成された側の面とカラーフィルター基板10のカラーフィルター31が形成された側の面とを対向させて配置し、TFT基板9とカラーフィルター基板10とをシール部材を介して貼り合わせる。その後、TFT基板9とカラーフィルター基板10とシール部材とによって囲まれた空間内に液晶を注入する。そして、このようにしてできた液晶パネルの両面に、光学接着剤等を用いて第1位相差板13、第1偏光板3、第2位相差板8、第2偏光板5をそれぞれ貼り合わせる。以上の工程を経て、液晶パネル6が完成する。
なお、TFT基板9やカラーフィルター基板10の製造方法は常法によれば良く、その説明を省略する。
次いで、上記の塗膜45を形成した基材39をホットプレート上に載置し、温度90℃で塗膜45のプリベークを行う。これにより、ブラックネガレジスト中の溶媒が揮発する。
複数の開口パターン46は全て楕円形のパターンであり、その長径と短径は様々の大きさから構成されている。隣接する開口パターン46間の間隔(ピッチ)も、その配置は規則的ではなく、周期的な配置でもないが、開口パターン46の間隔(ピッチ)は液晶パネル6の画素の間隔(ピッチ、例えば150μm)よりも小さいことが望ましい。これにより、画素内に少なくとも1つの遮光部40が形成されるので、例えばモバイル機器等に用いる画素ピッチが小さい液晶パネルと組み合わせたときに広視野角化を図ることができる。
次いで、上記の塗膜48を形成した基材39をホットプレート上に載置し、温度95℃で塗膜48のプリベークを行う。これにより、透明ネガレジスト中の溶媒が揮発する。
その後、上記の塗膜48を形成した基材39をホットプレート上に載置し、温度95℃で塗膜48のポストエクスポージャーベイク(PEB)を行う。
なお、露光装置から出射された平行光を光Fとして基材39に照射する手段の一つとして、例えば露光装置から出射された光の光路上にヘイズ50程度の拡散板を配置し、拡散板を介して光を照射する。
以上の工程により、本実施形態の液晶表示装置1が完成する。
本実施形態の光制御フィルム7の視野角拡大効果について、図4A、図4B、図4C、図4D、図6A、および図4Bを用いて説明する。
図4Aに示すように、本実施形態では、光制御フィルム7をz軸方向から見たときの遮光部40の平面形状が、例えば楕円形で代表されるような上下左右に非対称のドット形状に形成されている。すなわち、図中の実線で示した方位角0度-180度方向の遮光層幅が広く、図中の点線で示した方位角90度-270度方向の遮光層幅が狭いドット形状となっている(図4A参照)。
また、遮光部40は一定の大きさに限定されるものではなく、様々な大きさのドット径の形状が混在している。更に、その配置は一定の規則性や周期性をもったものではなく、ランダムである。そのため、光制御フィルム7を断面方向で見た場合は、方位角0度-180度方向は光拡散部44の側面積(図4B参照)が、方位角90度-270度方向の光拡散部44の側面積(図4C参照)よりも小さくなっている。
そこで、バックライトの指向性が高い方位角90度-270度方位と、光制御フィルムの拡散が強い方位である方位角90度-270度方位とを組み合わせることで、方位角90度-270度方向に視野角拡大効果が大きい液晶表示装置を実現することが可能となる。
以下、本発明の第2実施形態について、図8Aおよび図8Bを用いて説明する。
本実施形態の液晶表示装置の基本構成は第1実施形態と同一であり、光制御フィルムの遮光部40の配置が第1実施形態と異なる。また、組み合わせる指向性バックライトが第1実施形態と異なり、等方の輝度分布を有している。したがって、本実施形態では、液晶表示装置の基本構成の説明は省略し、光制御フィルム及び指向性バックライトについてのみ説明する。また、図8A、図8B及び以下の説明において、第1実施形態で用いた図面と共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。
図8Aに示すように、本実施形態では、光制御フィルム50をz軸方向から見たときの遮光部40の平面形状が、第1実施形態と同様に、例えば楕円形で代表されるような上下左右に非対称のドット形状に形成されているが、図中の実線で示した方位角0度-180度方向の遮光層幅が狭く、図中の点線で示した方位角90度-270度方向の遮光層幅が広いドット形状として配置されている。
従って、本実施例に係る光制御フィルム50によれば、方位角0度-180度方向に拡散して出射される光量が多く、方位角90度-270度方向に拡散して出射される光量が少なくなる。つまり、方位によって非対称の光拡散が実現される。
図8Bは、本実施形態において、上述した光制御フィルム50と組み合わされる指向性バックライトの輝度分布を示す。すなわち、極角方向は外側から中心に向かうにしたがって輝度が高く、かつ、図中の実線で示した方位角0度-180度及び図中の点線で示した方位角90度-270度のいずれの方位も略対称な輝度分布を示しており、出射される光量は略均一で等方的である。
本実施形態では、係る等方的な指向性バックライト2に、方位角0度-180度方向に拡散して出射される光量が多く、方位角90度-270度方向に拡散して出射される光量が少なくなる光制御フィルム50を組み合わせて液晶表示装置1を構成することで、方位角0度-180度方向に視野角拡大効果を大きく持たせることができる。
係る液晶表示装置を、例えば、車載用ナビゲーションシステムの情報表示部材に適用することで、画像表示の視野角を拡大し、左右方向からの視認性を向上させることができる。
以下、本発明の第3実施形態について、図9A~図9Cを用いて説明する。
本実施形態の液晶表示装置の基本構成は第1、第2実施形態と同一であり、光制御フィルムの遮光部の構成が第1、第2実施形態と異なるのみである。したがって、本実施形態では、液晶表示装置の基本構成の説明は省略し、光制御フィルムについてのみ説明する。
また、図9A~図9C及び以下の説明において、第1、第2実施形態で用いた図面と共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。
第1、第2実施形態では、複数の遮光部40は全て、その長径方向が特定の方位に配置されていた。例えば、第1実施形態では、長径方向が図中の実線で示した方位角0度-180度方向、第2実施形態では、長径方向が図中の点線で示した方位角90度-270度方向に配置されていた。これに対して、本実施形態の光制御フィルム51では、図9Aに示すように、光制御フィルム51をz軸方向から見たときの遮光部40の平面形状が、等方的な円形状及び種々の異方性の方位を持つドット形状として配置されている。
従って、本実施例に係る光制御フィルム51によれば、方位角0度-180度方向に拡散して出射される光量が少なく、方位角90度-270度方向に拡散して出射される光量が多くなる。つまり、方位によって非対称の光拡散が実現される。
なお、図9Cに示すように、遮光部40の平面形状は、周縁部が凹凸した形状、三日月形状などが含まれていても良い。また、遮光部40のドットは重なって形成されていても良い。すなわち、遮光部40の長径方向が、方位角90度-270度方向と直交する割合が光制御フィルム全体として多ければよい。
本実施形態に係る光制御フィルム51を備えた液晶表示装置において、例えば、第1実施形態で説明した、異方的な輝度分布を有した指向性バックライト2を使用した場合であっても、全体として方位角90度-270度方向の視野角の向上を図ることが可能になる。 特に、本実施形態に係る光制御フィルム51は、全体として方位角90度-270度の光拡散量を多くすることができるために、滑らかな視野角変化を得ることができる。
また、第2実施形態で説明した、等方的な輝度分布を有した指向性バックライト2を使用した場合は、更に連続的滑らかな視野角変化を得ることができる。
以下、本発明の第4実施形態について、図10を用いて説明する。
本実施形態の液晶表示装置の基本構成は第1ないし第3実施形態と同一であり、光制御フィルムの遮光部の構成が第1ないし第3実施形態と異なるのみである。したがって、本実施形態では、液晶表示装置の基本構成の説明は省略し、光制御フィルムについてのみ説明する。
また、図10及び以下の説明において、第1ないし第3実施形態で用いた図面と共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。
第1、第2実施形態では、複数の遮光部40は全て、その長径方向が特定の方位に配置されていた。特に、第3実施形態においては、光制御フィルム51をz軸方向から見たときの遮光部40の平面形状が、等方的な円形状及び種々の異方性の方位を持つドット形状として配置され、遮光部40の長径方向が、方位角90度-270度方向と直交する割合が光制御フィルム全体として多い配置とされている(図9A参照)。
従って、本実施例に係る光制御フィルム52によれば、全体として方位角0度-180度方向に拡散して出射される光量が少なく、方位角90度-270度方向に拡散して出射される光量が多くなる。つまり、方位によって非対称の光拡散が実現される。
本実施形態に係る光制御フィルム52を備える液晶表示装置において、第3実施形態と同様に、例えば、第1実施形態で説明した、異方的な輝度分布を有した指向性バックライト2を使用した場合であっても、全体として方位角90度-270度方向の視野角の向上を図ることが可能になる。特に、本実施形態に係る光制御フィルム52は、全体として方位角90度-270度の光拡散量を多くすることができるために、滑らかな視野角変化を得ることができる。
また同様に、第2実施形態で説明した、等方的な輝度分布を有した指向性バックライト2を使用した場合は、更に連続的滑らかな視野角変化を得ることができる。
以下、本発明の第5実施形態について、図11A及び図11Bを用いて説明する。
本実施形態の液晶表示装置の基本構成は第1ないし第4実施形態と同一であり、光制御フィルムの遮光部の構成が第1ないし第4実施形態と異なるのみである。したがって、本実施形態では、液晶表示装置の基本構成の説明は省略し、光制御フィルムについてのみ説明する。
また、図11A、図11B及び以下の説明において、第1ないし第4実施形態で用いた図面と共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。
本実施形態の光制御フィルム53では、図11Aに示すように、光制御フィルム53をz軸方向から見たときの遮光部40の平面形状が、半円形状のドット形状として配置されている。
従って、本実施形態に係る光制御フィルム53によれば、全体として図中の実線で示した方位角0度-180度方向は、等方的に拡散して出射される光量が少なく、図中の点線で示した方位角270度方向のみが拡散して出射される光量が多くなる。つまり、方位角270度方向の指向性が高い非対称の光拡散が実現される。
なお、遮光部40の平面形状は、半円形上に限定されず、方位角270度方向が直線のドット形状であれば、例えば、半楕円形状であっても良い。
本実施形態に係る光制御フィルム53を備える液晶表示装置において、例えば、第1実施形態で説明した、異方的な輝度分布を有した指向性バックライト2を使用した場合であっても、遮光部40の直線部と直交する方向、すなわち、方位角270度という特定方向の視野角の向上を図ることが可能になる。
また同様に、第2実施形態で説明した、等方的な輝度分布を有した指向性バックライト2を使用した場合も、方位角270度という特定方向の視野角の向上を図ることが可能になる。
図11Bに、本実施形態に係る光制御フィルムの変形例を示す。光制御フィルム54をz軸方向から見たときの遮光部40の平面形状が、半円形状のドット形状として配置されているが、遮光部40の直線部が必ずしも方位角270度の方位と直交していない点で図11Aに示した実施形態と異なり、遮光部40の直線部が、全体として方位角270度の方位と直交する割合が多い配置となっている。
従って、図12Aないし図15及び以下の説明において、第1実施形態で用いた図面と共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。
(1)光制御フィルムの構成
図12Aに示すように、本実施形態では、光制御フィルム60をz軸方向から見たときの光拡散部44の平面形状が、例えば楕円形で代表されるような上下左右に非対称の形状の開口部として独立して配置されている。
そのため、光制御フィルム60を断面方向で見た場合は、図12A中の実線で示した方位角0度-180度方向は光拡散部の側面積(図12B参照)が、図12A中の点線で示した方位角90度-270度方向の光拡散部の側面積(図12C参照)よりも小さくなっている。従って、本実施例に係る光制御フィルム60によれば、方位角0度-180度方向に拡散して出射される光量が少なく、方位角90度-270度方向に拡散して出射される光量が多くなる。つまり、方位によって非対称の光拡散が実現される。
なお、光拡散部44の平面形状は、円形、多角形、半円等の形状が含まれていても良い。また、光拡散部44の開口部同士が重なって形成されていても良い。
本実施形態に係る光制御フィルム60によれば、方位角0度-180度方向に拡散して出射される光量が少なく、方位角90度-270度方向に拡散して出射される光量が多くなる。つまり、方位によって非対称の光拡散が実現される。
一方、本実施例に用いた指向性バックライト2の輝度分布として、極角方向は外側から中心に向かうにしたがって輝度が高く、かつ、方位角0度-180度よりも方位角90度-270度のほうが出射する光量が少ない場合は、方位角90度-270度方向は、指向性が強いため、液晶パネル6を通過後、強く拡散させる必要がある(図6A、図6B参照)。
(1)光制御フィルムの構成
以下、本発明の第7実施形態について、図13A及び図13Bを用いて説明する。
図13Aに示すように、本実施形態では、光制御フィルム61をz軸方向から見たときの光拡散部44の平面形状が、等方的な円形状及び種々の異方性の方位を持つドット形状を含み、図中の実線で示した方位角0度-180度方向の開口部が長く、図中の点線で示した方位角90度-270度方向の開口部が短い形状として配置されている。
そのため、光制御フィルム61を断面方向で見た場合は、第6実施形態と同様に方位角0度-180度方向は光拡散部の側面積(図12B参照)が、方位角90度-270度方向の光拡散部の側面積(図12C参照)よりも小さくなっている。従って、本実施例に係る光制御フィルム61によれば、方位角0度-180度方向に拡散して出射される光量が少なく、方位角90度-270度方向に拡散して出射される光量が多くなる。つまり、方位によって非対称の光拡散が実現される。
本実施形態に係る光制御フィルム61を備えた液晶表示装置において、例えば、第1実施形態で説明した、異方的な輝度分布を有した指向性バックライト2を使用した場合であっても、全体として方位角90度-270度方向の視野角の向上を図ることが可能になる。 特に、本実施形態に係る光制御フィルムは、全体として方位角90度-270度の光拡散量を多くすることができるために、滑らかな視野角変化を得ることができる。
また、第2実施形態で説明した、等方的な輝度分布を有した指向性バックライト2を使用した場合は、更に連続的滑らかな視野角変化を得ることができる。
(1)光制御フィルムの構成
以下、本発明の第8実施形態について、図14を用いて説明する。
本実施形態の光制御フィルム62では、図14に示すように、光制御フィルム62をz軸方向から見たときの光拡散部44の平面形状が、多角形のドット形状を有する開口部として独立して配置されている。また、各開口部は、例えば図中の実線で示した方位角0度-180度の方向に対して、回転して、かつ非周期的に配置されているが、全体としては、方位角0度-180度方向の開口部が長く、図中の点線で示した方位角90度-270度方向の開口部が短く配置されている。
なお、光拡散部44の開口部は重なって形成されていても良い。また、必ずしも全ての開口部の長径方向が、方位角0度-180度方向である必要は無く、開口部形状の全体として、開口部の長径方向が方位角90度-270度方位と直交する割合が多ければ良い。
本実施形態に係る光制御フィルム62を備える液晶表示装置において、第7実施形態と同様に、例えば、第1実施形態で説明した、異方的な輝度分布を有した指向性バックライト2を使用した場合であっても、全体として方位角90度-270度方向の視野角の向上を図ることが可能になる。特に、本実施形態に係る光制御フィルム62は、全体として方位角90度-270度の光拡散量を多くすることができるために、滑らかな視野角変化を得ることができる。
また同様に、第2実施形態で説明した、等方的な輝度分布を有した指向性バックライト2を使用した場合は、更に連続的滑らかな視野角変化を得ることができる。
(1)光制御フィルムの構成
以下、本発明の第9実施形態について、図15を用いて説明する。
本実施形態の光制御フィルム63では、図15に示すように、光制御フィルム63をz軸方向から見たときの光拡散部44の平面形状が、半円形状のドット形状を有する開口部として独立して配置されているが、開口部の直線部は必ずしも方位角270度の方位と直交していない。すなわち、開口部の直線部が、全体として方位角270度の方位と直交する割合が多い配置となっている。
なお、光拡散部44の開口部としての半円形形状は、半楕円形状や扇形状であっても良い。また、開口部同士が重なっていても良く、開口部の直線部が方位角90度の方位である光拡散部が含まれていても、光拡散部44の開口部の全体平均として、開口部の直線部が方位角270度の方位と直交する割合が多い配置であれば良い。
本実施形態に係る光制御フィルム63は、特に直線部と円形部とから形成されている開口部を備えているために、直線部と直交方位への光拡散が強くなる。従って、本実施形態に係る光制御フィルム63を備える液晶表示装置において、例えば、第1実施形態で説明した、異方的な輝度分布を有した指向性バックライト2を使用した場合であっても、全体として方位角270度方向の視野角の向上を図ることが可能になる。特に、本実施形態に係る光制御フィルムは、全体として方位角270度の光拡散量を多くすることができるために、滑らかな視野角変化を得ることができる。
Claims (18)
- 光源と、
前記光源から出射した光を変調する液晶パネルと、
前記液晶パネルよりも視認者側に配置された全反射を用いた光制御フィルムと、
を備えた液晶表示装置であって、
前記光制御フィルムは、透明基材と遮光層と光拡散部とを備え、
前記光拡散部の層厚が、前記遮光層の厚さよりも大きく、
前記光拡散部が、前記透明基材側に光出射端面を有するとともに、前記透明基材側と反対側に前記光出射端面の面積よりも大きい面積の光入射端面を有し、前記光拡散部間隙に前記光拡散部の屈折率よりも低い屈折率を有する低屈折率材料が存在し、異方的に光を拡散するフィルムであることを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 光透過性を有する基材と、
前記基材の一面に点在して形成された複数の遮光層と、
前記基材の一面において前記遮光層の形成領域以外の領域に形成された光拡散部と、
を備え、
前記光拡散部の層厚が、前記遮光層の厚さよりも大きく、
前記光拡散部が、前記基材側に光出射端面を有するとともに前記基材側と反対側に前記光出射端面の面積よりも大きい面積の光入射端面を有し、
前記光拡散部間隙に前記光拡散部の屈折率よりも低い屈折率を有する低屈折率材料が存在していることを特徴とする光制御フィルム。 - 前記透明基材の一面の法線方向から見た前記遮光層の平面的な形状が、少なくとも長軸と短軸とを有している異方形状で形成されていることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の光制御フィルム。
- 前記透明基材の一面の法線方向から見た前記遮光層の平面的な形状が、等方性形状と異方性形状とが混在して形成されていることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の光制御フィルム。
- 前記透明基材の一面の法線方向から見た前記遮光層の平面的な形状が、多角形で形成されていることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の光制御フィルム。
- 前記透明基材の一面の法線方向から見た前記遮光層の平面的な形状が、曲線と直線とからなる形状で形成されていることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の光制御フィルム。
- 光透過性を有する基材と、
前記基材の一面に形成された複数の光拡散部と、
前記基材の一面において前記光拡散部の形成領域以外の領域に形成された遮光層と、
を備え、
前記光拡散部の層厚が、前記遮光層の厚さよりも大きく、
前記光拡散部が、前記基材側に光出射端面を有するとともに前記基材側と反対側に前記光出射端面の面積よりも大きい面積の光入射端面を有し、
前記光拡散部間隙に前記光拡散部の屈折率よりも低い屈折率を有する低屈折率材料が存在していることを特徴とする光制御フィルム。 - 前記透明基材の一面の法線方向から見た前記光拡散部の平面的な形状が、少なくとも長軸と短軸とを有している異方形状で形成されていることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の光制御フィルム。
- 前記透明基材の一面の法線方向から見た前記光拡散部の平面的な形状が、等方性形状と異方性形状とが混在して形成されていることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の光制御フィルム。
- 前記透明基材の一面の法線方向から見た前記光拡散部の平面的な形状が、多角形で形成されていることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の光制御フィルム。
- 前記透明基材の一面の法線方向から見た前記光拡散部の平面的な形状が、曲線と直線とからなる形状で形成されていることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の光制御フィルム。
- 前記光拡散部の間隙に空気もしくは不活性ガスが充填されているか、または前記光拡散部の間隙が真空状態であることを特徴とする請求項2ないし11のいずれか一項に記載の光制御フィルム。
- 前記光拡散部よりも視認側の一面に光散乱体を含む光拡散層が配置されていることを特徴とする請求項2ないし11のいずれか一項に記載の光制御フィルム。
- 前記遮光層が光吸収性顔料、光吸収性染料、カーボンブラックの少なくとも一つを含有する黒色樹脂、または金属、もしくは金属酸化物の多層膜からなることを特徴とする請求項2ないし11のいずれか一項に記載の光制御フィルム。
- 前記光拡散部の間隙と前記光拡散部との界面が、傾斜角度が連続的に変化する、断面形状が曲線状の傾斜面であることを特徴とする請求項2ないし11のいずれか一項に記載の光制御フィルム。
- 前記光拡散部の間隙と前記光拡散部との界面が、複数の異なる傾斜角度を有する、断面形状が折れ線状の傾斜面であることを特徴とする請求項2ないし11のいずれか一項に記載の光制御フィルム。
- 請求項2ないし16のいずれか一項に記載の光制御フィルムを用いたことを特徴とする表示装置。
- 請求項2ないし16のいずれか一項に記載の光制御フィルムを用いたことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2015068802A1 (ja) * | 2013-11-08 | 2015-05-14 | シャープ株式会社 | マザー基材、光制御部材、光制御部材の製造方法、表示装置 |
| JPWO2015068802A1 (ja) * | 2013-11-08 | 2017-03-09 | シャープ株式会社 | マザー基材、光制御部材、光制御部材の製造方法、表示装置 |
| US10036837B2 (en) | 2013-11-08 | 2018-07-31 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Mother substrate, light-control member, method for manufacturing light-control member, and display device |
| WO2015124291A1 (de) * | 2014-02-19 | 2015-08-27 | Pierre-Alain Cotte | Anzeigevorrichtung mit verbessertem kontrast |
| US10127890B2 (en) | 2014-02-19 | 2018-11-13 | Pa.Cotte Family Holding Gmbh | Display device with better contrast |
| WO2015159943A1 (ja) * | 2014-04-17 | 2015-10-22 | シャープ株式会社 | 液晶表示装置 |
| JPWO2015159943A1 (ja) * | 2014-04-17 | 2017-04-13 | シャープ株式会社 | 液晶表示装置 |
| WO2016158834A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-01 | 2016-10-06 | シャープ株式会社 | 光配向部材、照明装置、液晶表示装置および光配向部材の製造方法 |
| WO2017022800A1 (ja) * | 2015-08-04 | 2017-02-09 | シャープ株式会社 | 配光制御部材、照明装置および液晶表示装置 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP6136059B2 (ja) | 2017-05-31 |
| JP2016167079A (ja) | 2016-09-15 |
| CN104024931B (zh) | 2017-04-05 |
| US20140354927A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
| JPWO2013099839A1 (ja) | 2015-05-07 |
| US9557597B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 |
| JP5916245B2 (ja) | 2016-05-11 |
| CN104024931A (zh) | 2014-09-03 |
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