WO2013057969A1 - 走行計画作成装置および自動列車運転装置 - Google Patents
走行計画作成装置および自動列車運転装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013057969A1 WO2013057969A1 PCT/JP2012/055017 JP2012055017W WO2013057969A1 WO 2013057969 A1 WO2013057969 A1 WO 2013057969A1 JP 2012055017 W JP2012055017 W JP 2012055017W WO 2013057969 A1 WO2013057969 A1 WO 2013057969A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
- B61L27/10—Operations, e.g. scheduling or time tables
- B61L27/16—Trackside optimisation of vehicle or train operation
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- the present invention relates to a travel plan creation device that creates a travel plan represented by a speed and acceleration / deceleration state for each train position, and an automatic train operation device that automatically operates a train.
- train travel plans are created on the desk by designers based on empirical rules, so performance such as energy consumption and ride quality of travel plans depend on the designers and are not necessarily optimized. It was.
- the travel plan is designed offline, if the spare time is shortened due to disruption of the schedule during operation, or if there are many passengers and acceleration / deceleration according to the design performance cannot be achieved, the travel plan is included. It was impossible to follow the driving. There have been proposed a plurality of methods for solving such problems and automatically creating an optimum travel plan.
- Japanese Patent No. 3198170 page 1-2, Fig. 1
- Japanese Patent No. 3881302 page 1-2, FIG. 8
- a maximum travel speed is adjusted first to create a travel plan that takes into account only the target travel time, and based on this plan, adjustments are made to improve the amount of energy consumption and ride comfort.
- the search range is limited. Therefore, it is easy to fall into a solution having a maximum speed lower than the ideal pattern that minimizes the energy consumption, and the energy consumption is not sufficiently reduced. . Moreover, the amount of energy consumption reduction is also insufficient by not considering coasting.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a travel plan creation device capable of creating a travel plan that protects the target travel time and consumes a small amount of energy.
- a travel plan creation device includes a route condition, train performance, a travel section for creating a travel plan, a storage section that stores a travel condition including at least a target travel time, and a route condition stored in the storage section.
- a travel simulation unit that creates a travel pattern that travels in the travel section from the travel instruction, together with the travel time and energy consumption, and initial travel that sets initial values to the reference travel pattern Creating a travel instruction plan that creates a plurality of travel instruction plans in which the reference travel instruction is changed so that the travel time is increased but the amount of energy consumption is reduced from the pattern setting unit and the reference travel instruction corresponding to the reference travel pattern And a plurality of the driving patterns corresponding to each of the plurality of driving instruction plans using the driving simulation unit.
- a simulation starting unit an optimum traveling pattern selecting unit that selects an optimum traveling pattern that is the traveling pattern that maximizes the energy consumption reduction effect with respect to the reference traveling pattern from the plurality of traveling patterns; and the target An evaluation unit that determines whether or not the travel time of the optimal travel pattern exists within a predetermined time range including the travel time; and the optimal travel pattern or the optimal travel pattern when the travel time exists within the predetermined time range.
- the optimal travel pattern is set as the reference travel pattern.
- a reference travel pattern update unit that activates the travel instruction plan creation unit when the reference travel pattern is set It is obtained by a that running instruction plan creation starting unit.
- the automatic train operation device includes a travel plan creation device, a current position acquisition unit that identifies the current train position and speed, and a current speed limit that acquires a current speed limit that is the current speed limit from the ATC device.
- a travel command that activates the travel plan creation device and travels the train according to the created travel plan and the current speed limit for the travel condition in which a travel section determined from the current position of the train is set.
- the travel plan creation device it is possible to create a travel plan that protects the target travel time and consumes a small amount of energy.
- the train can be operated automatically so as to protect the target travel time and reduce the amount of energy consumption.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a travel plan creation device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the same reference numerals are the same or equivalent, and this is common throughout the entire specification.
- the form of the constituent elements appearing in the whole specification is merely an example, and is not limited to these descriptions.
- the travel plan creation device includes a route information input unit 11, a train performance input unit 12, a travel condition input unit 13, a storage unit 14, a travel pattern creation unit 15, an initial travel pattern setting unit 16, a travel instruction plan creation unit 17, and a simulation activation.
- a unit 18, an optimum travel pattern selection unit 19, an evaluation unit 20, an output unit 21, a reference travel pattern update unit 22, a step size change unit 23, and a travel instruction plan creation activation unit 24 are provided.
- the route information input unit 11 accepts input of route conditions that are data relating to the route on which the train travels, such as the gradient, the position of the curve and its curvature radius, and the speed limit.
- the train performance input unit 12 accepts input of train performance, which is data related to the train, such as train weight, train length, acceleration performance, deceleration performance, air resistance, and motor efficiency.
- One-car train is also a train.
- the travel condition input unit 13 is a temporary limit set in the sections included in the travel section, the start and end points of the travel section that is the section for which the travel plan is to be created, the target travel time between the two points. It accepts input of driving conditions such as data on speed information.
- the target travel time is generally expressed as a value obtained by subtracting the margin time from the travel time between stations on the diagram. For example, when creating a travel plan used for train automatic operation, the target travel time may be set as appropriate according to the degree of schedule disturbance.
- the route conditions input by the route information input unit 11, the train performance input by the train performance input unit 12, and the travel conditions input by the travel condition input unit 13 can be referred to by other processing units in the storage unit 14. Retained.
- the route information input unit 11, the train performance input unit 12, and the travel condition input unit 13 are provided, but they may be omitted.
- the present invention can be implemented if there is a storage unit 14 that holds a travel condition including at least a route condition, a train performance, a travel section for creating a travel plan, and a target travel time.
- a travel condition including at least a route condition, a train performance, a travel section for creating a travel plan, and a target travel time.
- any one or two input units may be provided.
- the travel pattern creation unit 15 which is a travel simulation unit, uses the route conditions, train performance, and travel conditions stored in the storage unit 14, and is specified in the travel conditions in consideration of the route conditions such as the gradient and the train performance.
- a travel pattern that travels in the shortest possible time from the start position (start point) to the stop target position (end point) of the travel section is created by simulation or the like along with the travel time and energy consumption.
- the amount of energy consumption may be written as the amount of power consumption. Even when power is generated by an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine, necessary data such as fuel efficiency is stored in the storage unit 14 as the train performance, and the traveling pattern creation unit 15 uses these data to determine the traveling pattern. create.
- the traveling instruction is an instruction regarding a traveling method that is determined for each section in the traveling section (for example, a designated section between positions P1 and P2) so that the amount of energy consumption is reduced.
- a set of travel instructions is also called a travel instruction.
- one traveling instruction designates coasting in a certain section, or suppresses the maximum speed in a certain section to be smaller than the original maximum speed.
- the traveling pattern represents the relationship between the train position and speed when traveling according to a specified traveling instruction. Note that even in a section where coasting is instructed, if deceleration is required to protect the stop at the speed limit or stop target position, the deceleration is prioritized.
- the fastest travel pattern that travels at the fastest speed in the travel section is first obtained, and the travel pattern is repeatedly corrected so that the travel time is gradually increased but the amount of energy consumption is reduced.
- the traveling pattern before being corrected at each repetition is referred to as a reference traveling pattern.
- the initial travel pattern setting unit 16 executes the travel pattern creation unit 15 in a state where there is no travel instruction, obtains the fastest travel pattern, and sets it as the initial value of the reference travel pattern.
- the travel instruction plan creation unit 17 creates a plurality of travel instruction plans in which a part of the reference travel instruction is changed so that the travel time is increased but the energy consumption is reduced from the reference travel instruction corresponding to the reference travel pattern. .
- the travel instruction draft preparation unit 17 adds a coasting addition unit 25 that newly adds one coasting section to a section that is not a coasting section in the reference traveling instruction, and starts one traveling section included in the reference traveling instruction as a start of the traveling section. It has a coasting extension part 26 that lengthens the side closer to the position, and a maximum speed suppression part 27 that sets the maximum speed of a certain section smaller than the value in the reference travel instruction. Note that, in a section where the reference travel instruction does not include a travel instruction for suppressing the maximum speed, the maximum speed obtained by the rule described later from the limit speed is set as the maximum speed in the reference travel instruction in that section.
- Lameness is a state where no power is used to travel. On flat ground, the speed of the coasting train gradually decreases due to air resistance and friction between wheels and rails. Since power is used so that the speed does not decrease in a constant speed section on a flat ground or uphill, the amount of energy consumption can be reduced by changing the constant speed section to a coasting section. Lowering the maximum speed can reduce the amount of energy consumed to accelerate to the maximum speed.
- the simulation starting unit 18 applies each of the plurality of travel instruction plans created by the travel instruction plan creation unit 17 to the travel pattern creation unit 15 to create a travel pattern.
- the created travel pattern is managed in correspondence with the travel instruction plan.
- the travel pattern creation unit 15 obtains the travel time and power consumption in the travel pattern along with the travel pattern.
- the optimal travel pattern selection unit 19 selects, as the optimal travel pattern, the one having the greatest energy consumption reduction effect (described later) with respect to the reference travel pattern among the plurality of travel patterns created by the simulation starting unit 18.
- the evaluation unit 20 determines whether the travel time of the optimal travel pattern exists within a predetermined time range including the target travel time.
- the range defined as the target travel time is a predetermined time range including the target travel time. If the target travel time is a single value, taking into account the magnitude of error in travel time allowed for train operation, calculation error, etc., from the time shorter than the target travel time by a predetermined time including the target travel time A range longer by a predetermined time is set as a predetermined time range.
- the predetermined time on the time shortening side and the time increasing side may be the same or different.
- the evaluation unit 20 determines that the travel time of the optimal travel pattern exists within the predetermined time range when the travel time of the optimal travel pattern is not less than the lower limit value of the predetermined time range including the target travel time and not more than the upper limit value. to decide. Otherwise, it is determined that the travel time of the optimal travel pattern does not exist within a predetermined time range.
- the output unit 21 outputs either or both of the optimal travel pattern and the corresponding travel instruction to the outside when the travel time of the optimal travel pattern exists within a predetermined time range including the target travel time.
- the output optimal travel pattern or travel instruction is the travel plan created by the travel plan creation device.
- the reference travel pattern update unit 22 sets the optimal travel pattern as the reference travel pattern so that the travel plan can be obtained by further changing the optimal travel pattern.
- the step size changing unit 23 changes the step size that determines the magnitude of the change when the travel instruction plan creation unit 17 changes a part of the reference travel instruction to create the travel instruction plan.
- the travel instruction plan creation activation unit 24 activates the travel instruction plan creation unit 17 when the reference travel pattern is set, or when the step size change unit 23 changes the step size.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining processing for creating a travel plan by the travel plan creation device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the initial travel pattern setting unit 16 executes the travel pattern creation unit 15 without any travel instruction to create the fastest travel pattern that travels the fastest from the start point to the end point of the travel section. Time and power consumption are calculated (STEP 101). The speed at the start point and the end point is also specified to obtain the fastest running pattern. When the travel section is between stations where the train stops, the speed at the start and end points is zero. When the station through which the train passes becomes the start point or the end point, the speed at the point corresponding to the passing station becomes a specified speed that is not zero.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the speed limit and the maximum speed as well as an example of the fastest running pattern that runs the fastest in the running section.
- the vertical axis represents the train speed
- the horizontal axis represents the distance from the reference point.
- the reference point is determined at an appropriate position for each route.
- the travel pattern can be expressed by a combination of four types of sections of an acceleration mode, a constant speed mode, a coasting mode, and a deceleration mode.
- FIG. 3 also shows the relationship between the speed limit and the maximum speed
- a rule for obtaining the maximum speed from the speed limit will be described.
- the maximum speed becomes smaller than the speed limit by the speed margin.
- the maximum speed is obtained by subtracting the speed margin from the low speed limit in the interval before and after the distance margin.
- the train can be accelerated after the end of the train has passed the point and past the distance margin. Keep the maximum speed of the section.
- the conversion from the speed limit to the maximum speed is performed by the traveling pattern creation unit 15.
- the maximum speed may be obtained in advance, and may be given as a travel instruction when determining the fastest travel pattern.
- the speed limit means a speed smaller than either the speed limit in the route condition or the temporary speed limit in the driving condition.
- this fastest travel pattern is determined as a reference travel pattern to be used by the travel instruction draft creation unit 17 to create a travel instruction draft. Further, a state where there is no travel instruction is determined as a reference travel instruction (STEP 102).
- the travel instruction draft preparation unit 17 creates a part of the travel instruction plan based on the reference travel instruction based on the travel instruction plan in which the travel time is slightly longer than the reference travel pattern and the amount of energy consumption is expected to decrease.
- a plurality of items are created by changing the instruction or adding a new travel instruction (STEP 103).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining, by way of example, a change plan for a travel instruction created by the travel plan creation device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 shows a travel instruction plan created from the reference travel pattern shown in FIG. Note that the reference travel pattern in FIG. 4 is the fastest travel pattern, and nothing is set in the reference travel instruction.
- the travel instruction plans 1 to 5 in FIG. 5 correspond to plans 1 to 5 in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a travel instruction plan created from the reference travel pattern changed according to plan 1 when plan 1 of FIG. 5 is selected as described later.
- FIG. 8 shows a reference travel instruction when the travel instruction plan of FIG. 7 is created.
- the reference travel instruction shown in FIG. 8 is plan 1 in FIG.
- a travel instruction plan created from the reference travel pattern shown in FIG. 7 is shown in FIG.
- the upper row is a reference running instruction that has already been determined by the first loop process, and the lower row is a newly added running instruction.
- the travel instruction plans 1 to 5 in FIG. 9 correspond to plans 1 to 5 in FIG. 7, respectively.
- the travel instruction plan creation unit 17 includes a coasting addition unit 25, a coasting extension unit 26, and a maximum speed suppression unit 27. A method in which each processing unit creates a travel instruction plan will be described.
- ⁇ Coasting addition rule 1 Add a coasting section from a point before the distance ⁇ S1 to the switching point from constant speed to deceleration.
- the plan 1 and plan 2 shown in FIG. 4 and the plan 2 shown in FIG. 7 are travel instruction plans created by the coasting addition rule 1.
- ⁇ Coasting addition rule 2 A coasting section is added from a point before the distance ⁇ S2 to the switching point from acceleration to deceleration.
- ⁇ Coasting addition rule 3 A coasting section is added from a point before the distance ⁇ S3 to a switching point from acceleration to constant speed where the absolute value of the slope is a downward slope of a predetermined value (for example, 10 per mil) or more.
- a downward gradient in which the absolute value of the gradient is equal to or greater than a predetermined value is referred to as a “steep downward gradient”.
- the plan 3 shown in FIG. 4 and the plan 1 shown in FIG. 7 are travel instruction plans created by the coasting addition rule 3.
- the predetermined value for determining a steep downward slope is determined to be equal to or greater than the magnitude of the downward slope that can be accelerated by coasting.
- Each value of the above ⁇ S1, ⁇ S2, and ⁇ S3 is set to 30 m, for example.
- the predetermined distance is appropriately determined in consideration of the train length.
- the end point of the acceleration section is also the start point of the coasting section.
- the slope of the section from the end point of the acceleration section to the predetermined distance thereafter needs to be a steep downward slope so that necessary acceleration can be achieved by coasting.
- the predetermined distance is appropriately determined in consideration of the speed difference accelerated in the acceleration section of the distance ⁇ S3 before changing to the coasting section.
- the average gradient may be determined as the gradient of the section.
- the slope of the section may be determined by another method such as median.
- the end point of the coasting section is the switching point of the highest speed ahead of each switching point.
- the end point of the coasting section is the end point of the descending slope ahead of each switching point.
- ⁇ S4 is 30 m, for example.
- the ⁇ S4 may be set to a different value depending on the rule. In a coasting section with a steep down slope, check whether the slope of the section up to a predetermined distance before the extended coasting section corresponds to a steep down slope, and if not, extend as appropriate You may shorten the length of the coasting section.
- a plurality of coasting sections overlap or continue because the loop for changing the reference running pattern is repeated many times, they may be combined into one.
- the maximum speed coincides with the maximum speed of the adjacent section as a result of the maximum speed suppression, they are merged into one section.
- the simulation starting unit 18 applies each one of the plurality of travel instruction plans to the travel pattern creating unit 15 to create a travel pattern, and calculates the travel time and energy consumption (STEP 104).
- the optimum travel pattern selection unit 19 calculates an evaluation index e representing the effect of reducing the amount of energy consumption compared to the reference travel pattern for each travel pattern, and selects the best one (STEP 105). .
- E n is the energy consumption of the corresponding driving pattern
- E 0 is the energy consumption of reference travel pattern
- T n is the running time of the relevant travel pattern
- T 0 is the travel time of the reference travel pattern it represents.
- Expression (1) is an expression for calculating the energy consumption reduction effect.
- the energy consumption reduction effect is an index that expresses how much the amount of energy consumption decreases with an increase in the travel time of a unit amount. The larger the evaluation index e, the more desirable as a travel instruction plan.
- FIG. 6 shows the calculation results of the travel time, energy consumption, and evaluation index e calculated for each travel instruction plan shown in FIG.
- the evaluation index e is compared, the travel instruction plan 1 is the largest, so the optimal travel pattern selection unit 19 selects the travel pattern corresponding to the travel instruction plan 1 as the optimal travel pattern.
- the evaluation unit 20 compares the travel time of the optimum travel pattern with the target travel time held in the storage unit 14 (STEP 106).
- the optimal travel pattern at that time is the final result, so it corresponds to the optimal travel pattern or the optimal travel pattern
- the output unit 21 outputs either or both of the traveling instructions to be performed (STEP 107), and the process ends.
- the travel time of the optimal travel pattern is equal to the target travel time”.
- the reference travel pattern update unit 22 sets the optimum travel pattern as a new reference travel pattern. Further, the travel instruction plan creation starting unit 24 that has detected that the reference travel pattern has been set activates the travel instruction plan creation unit 17 and returns to STEP 103 (STEP 108).
- the step width changing unit 23 reduces ⁇ Sn and ⁇ V, which are step widths that determine the magnitude of the change when the reference travel instruction is changed to create a travel instruction plan.
- the travel instruction plan creation starting unit 24 that detects that the step size has been changed starts the travel instruction plan creation unit 17 and returns to STEP 103 (STEP 109). This is a process for returning to the original state when the traveling time exceeds the upper limit value of the predetermined traveling time range of the target traveling time as a result of excessive addition of coasting and suppression of the maximum speed. If the step size is made sufficiently small from the beginning, the processing of STEP 109 and the step size change unit are unnecessary.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating, by way of example, travel patterns created by repetitive processing in the travel plan creation device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the plan 1 having the maximum evaluation index e is adopted from the plans 1 to 5 based on FIG. 6, and the travel pattern corresponding to the plan 1 is the reference travel pattern in the next round. become. Thereafter, the second to fifth loops were followed, and the travel plan was determined at the sixth loop in which the travel time of the optimal travel pattern was equal to the target travel time.
- the processing instruction is rotated and the travel instruction plan that maximizes the energy consumption reduction effect is adopted each time in the loop, the energy consumption can be reduced as much as possible while the travel time is gradually approaching the target travel time. . Since there is no such thing as determining only the maximum speed suppression amount so as to satisfy the target travel time, the maximum speed is not set too low. As a result, it is possible to calculate a travel pattern that reduces the amount of energy consumption while satisfying the target travel time. In addition, if the target travel time has sufficient margin and the train stops in the middle of the travel section only by adding the coasting section, the maximum speed is appropriately lowered and the train is stopped in the middle of the travel section. Without stopping the vehicle, it is possible to create a travel pattern that satisfies the target travel time and has a small amount of energy consumption.
- the energy consumption reduction effect can be greater than when acceleration by coasting on a steep downward slope is not considered.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating, by way of example, the effect of reducing the amount of energy consumed by setting a coasting section in a section having a steep downward slope in the travel plan creation apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- a curve L in FIG. 11 shows a running pattern obtained when the maximum speed is suppressed and coasting is set in front of the deceleration start point and in a steep downward gradient section.
- a curve M in FIG. 11 shows a running pattern obtained when the maximum speed is suppressed and coasting is set only before the deceleration start point.
- curve L it is accelerating by coasting from Point 1 with a downhill slope.
- the acceleration section by power running and the subsequent constant speed section are shorter.
- the amount of energy consumption in the case of the curve L is 6.7 kWh, which is lower than 7.1 kWh in the case of the curve M.
- a travel plan with a smaller amount of energy consumption can be created as compared with a case where the coast is not considered.
- the accuracy of the travel plan is improved as the step widths ⁇ Sn and ⁇ V are reduced, but the calculation time is increased. For this reason, it adjusts according to the specification of CPU, calculation target time, and required accuracy which a travel plan preparation apparatus has.
- the speed is zero at the start point and the end point of the travel section, but the speed may not be zero.
- the travel plan which followed the target passage time when the next station is a passage station can be created.
- a travel plan from the current train position and speed to the next station can be created.
- FIG. 3 and the like it is assumed that the train speed is reduced before entering the section where the speed limit decreases.
- ATC Automatic Train Control
- the speed limit at that point is given from the ground side via the rail, and when the information is received, the speed limit may be exceeded.
- the train is decelerated until the train speed becomes lower than the speed limit by a margin.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining an example of the relationship between the speed limit and the traveling pattern on a route that employs the analog ATC.
- the travel plan creation device shown in the present embodiment can also be applied to a route that employs such an analog ATC.
- a travel pattern prepared in advance may be used as the initial value of the reference travel pattern.
- a travel instruction may be prepared in advance, or a corresponding travel instruction may be obtained from the prepared travel pattern.
- a travel instruction may be given to simulate a given travel instruction to obtain a travel pattern, and the obtained travel pattern may be used as an initial value of the reference travel pattern.
- addition or extension of the coasting section and maximum speed suppression are taken into consideration as the travel instruction.
- a travel instruction that changes the travel pattern during acceleration or deceleration may also be considered.
- the step size for determining the magnitude of the change in the travel instruction used when creating the travel instruction plan is determined so that the increase in travel time in each travel instruction plan is substantially the same. The reason is that, regardless of which instruction plan is selected, the number of repetitions is almost the same.
- the step size is determined for each rule for changing the travel instruction plan, but the step size may be changed for each location where the rule is applied. Since the travel pattern and its travel time are calculated for the travel instruction plan, the travel pattern is changed by decreasing or increasing the step size for the travel instruction plan where the increase in travel time is too large or too small relative to the reference travel pattern. You may make it recreate. Re-creation may be performed only for the selected travel instruction plan, and the rest may be performed from the next loop processing.
- the step size may be set to be large when the difference is large, and the step size may be set to be small when the difference is small.
- the step size may be set to be large when the difference is large.
- the step size ⁇
- the remaining time difference rate is 0.25 or more and less than 0.5
- the step size 2 ⁇
- the remaining time difference rate is 0.
- the step size 4 ⁇ . In this way, substantially the same running pattern can be obtained with approximately half the number of repetitions compared to the case where the step size is ⁇ from the beginning.
- the evaluation index for selecting the optimum driving pattern may take into account not only the amount of energy consumption but also riding comfort.
- the train performance input to the train performance input unit 12 may be a value estimated based on a past travel history instead of a design value. Accordingly, it is possible to appropriately cope with a case where the train performance deviates from the design value or when the train performance fluctuates due to secular change. Moreover, you may input the train performance which considered the boarding rate.
- the processing units constituting the travel plan creation device are divided so that one processing unit realizes one function.
- a plurality of functions may be realized by one processing unit.
- the initial travel pattern setting unit 16, the reference travel pattern update unit 22, and the step size change unit 23 may activate the travel instruction plan creation unit 17.
- the travel instruction plan creation activation unit 24 becomes unnecessary, and the function of the travel instruction plan creation activation unit is realized by the initial travel pattern setting unit, the reference travel pattern update unit, and the step size change unit.
- the functions of the optimum traveling pattern selection unit and the evaluation unit may be realized by a single processing unit.
- Route conditions, train performance, and travel conditions are input using separate input units, but may be input using a single input unit.
- Embodiment 2 in creating a travel plan that observes the target travel time, only the reduction in the amount of energy consumption is considered, but the ride comfort may be further considered.
- a configuration of a travel plan creation device that creates a travel plan in consideration of ride comfort in addition to reduction of energy consumption will be described.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the travel plan creation device according to the second embodiment.
- the ride comfort evaluation unit 28 is added, and the initial travel pattern setting unit 16A, the simulation activation unit 18A, and the optimal travel pattern selection unit 19A are changed.
- the riding comfort evaluation unit 28 evaluates the riding comfort of the running pattern and generates a riding comfort index value that is an index value thereof.
- the initial travel pattern setting unit 16A and the simulation activation unit 18A activate the travel pattern creation unit 15 and then apply the ride comfort evaluation unit 28 to the created travel pattern to generate a ride comfort index value.
- the optimum traveling pattern selection unit 19A selects the optimum traveling pattern by comprehensively judging them based on the riding comfort index value generated by the riding comfort evaluation unit 28 and the energy consumption reduction effect.
- FIG. 14 shows a flowchart for explaining processing for creating a travel plan by the travel plan creation device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Compared to FIG. 2 in the case of the first embodiment, the operations of STEP 101A, STEP 104A, and STEP 105A are changed.
- the traveling pattern creation unit 15 may calculate a ride comfort index value.
- the travel pattern creation unit is also a ride comfort evaluation unit.
- the riding comfort evaluation unit 28 is activated for the fastest running pattern created by the initial running pattern setting unit 16A, and the riding comfort index value is obtained.
- the simulation activation unit 18A activates the riding comfort evaluation unit 28 for each traveling pattern created by the traveling pattern creation unit 15, and obtains a riding comfort index value.
- the riding comfort index value can be simply calculated from the number of times of switching of the driving mode or the number of occurrences of jerk exceeding the reference value. In this embodiment, the ride comfort index value is calculated from the number of switching modes between the acceleration mode, constant speed mode, travel mode, and coasting mode.
- an evaluation index value that comprehensively evaluates the ride comfort index value and the energy consumption reduction effect is calculated, and an optimum traveling pattern is selected based on the evaluation index value.
- C n is the number of times the traveling mode is switched. 1 / C n is a ride comfort index value. The ride comfort index value increases as the driving mode is switched less. ⁇ is a coefficient for adjusting the weighting of energy saving and riding comfort. The greater the ⁇ , the greater the ride comfort weight.
- STEP105A selects a running pattern evaluation index e 2 expressed by Equation (2) is maximized optimal running pattern.
- Any evaluation index may be used as long as it is determined based on the ride comfort index value and the energy consumption reduction effect.
- Embodiment 3 In Embodiments 1 and 2, in creating a travel plan that observes the target travel time, only the reduction in the amount of energy consumption or both the reduction in energy consumption and the ride comfort are considered. You may consider the influence on the following train.
- the configuration of the travel plan creation device according to Embodiment 3 is the same as that shown in FIG.
- the evaluation index used as a criterion for selecting the optimum traveling pattern by the optimum traveling pattern selecting unit 19A is different from those in the first and second embodiments.
- the evaluation index e 3 for selecting the optimum driving pattern can be determined for example as in Equation (3).
- D is a constant representing the distance from the departure station where the own train can affect the departure station.
- D is a constant representing the distance from the departure station where the own train can affect the departure station.
- D is determined, for example, by the difference between the start position of the own train when the tail end of the own train completely advances from the departure station platform and the start position of the own train when the train stops at the departure station.
- This is an example of a signal system that allows the next train to enter the platform if the tail of the own train has fully advanced to the platform of the departure station (this rule is adopted in many signal systems). ing).
- ⁇ is a coefficient for adjusting the influence on the following train and the weighting of energy saving.
- Optimal running pattern selecting section 19A metrics e 3 selects the optimal running pattern running pattern becomes maximum. Therefore, as ⁇ is smaller, a traveling pattern that does not affect the operation of the following train is preferentially selected. In other words, the smaller ⁇ is, the more important it is to suppress the influence on the operation of the following train.
- the evaluation index may be anything as long as it is determined based on the influence on the following train and the energy consumption reduction effect.
- the evaluation index for selecting the optimum traveling pattern is not limited to the amount of energy consumption and the influence on the following train, but may also be taken into consideration for the ride comfort.
- Embodiment 4 relates to an automatic train driving device incorporating the travel plan creation device of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 15 the block diagram which shows the structure of the automatic train operation apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention is shown.
- the automatic train operation device 50 includes a travel plan creation device 51, a current position acquisition unit 52, a current speed limit acquisition unit 53, and a travel command calculation unit 54.
- the automatic train operation device 50 is connected to the ground element detection device 55, the ATC device 56, the speed sensor 57, the drive device 58, the brake device 59, and the travel condition setting unit 60.
- the ground element detection device 55 detects the passage of the ground element installed on the route, and acquires the position information of the point from the ground element.
- the ATC device 56 acquires the speed limit of the section from the ground side, and automatically decelerates when the speed limit is exceeded.
- the speed sensor 57 is a device that detects the speed of the train.
- the drive device 58 is a device that generates the power necessary for the train to travel at an acceleration or constant speed.
- the brake device 59 is a device for decelerating the train.
- the travel condition setting unit 60 has a function of setting a travel condition such as a target travel time between stations on the route and a speed limit set temporarily, and inputting the travel condition to the travel planning device 51.
- These driving conditions may be set by the driver, or may be set from a ground system or another system on the vehicle via a communication device not included in the configuration diagram.
- the database 61 holds route conditions such as gradient, curve position and radius of curvature, speed limit, and train performance such as train weight, train length, acceleration performance, deceleration performance, air resistance, and motor efficiency.
- the travel condition storage unit 62 includes information on the start and end points of a travel section, which is a section for which a travel plan is to be created, information on a target travel time between the two points, and a temporary speed limit set in the travel section.
- the driving conditions that are data are retained.
- a combination of the database 61 and the travel condition storage unit 62 corresponds to the storage unit 14 in the first embodiment.
- the database 61 and the traveling condition storage unit 62 are also used in other processing units of the automatic train driving device 50.
- the travel pattern creation unit 15A refers to the database 61 and the travel condition storage unit 62 and creates a travel pattern from a travel instruction by simulation or the like.
- the current position acquisition unit 52 identifies the current train position and speed by integrating the position information obtained from the ground detector 55 and the speed information obtained from the speed sensor 57.
- the current speed limit acquisition unit 53 acquires the current speed limit that is the speed limit at that time obtained from the ATC device 56.
- the travel command calculation unit 54 usually creates a travel command according to a travel plan created in advance. However, when the current speed limit by ATC is lower than the speed determined by the travel plan, priority is given to keeping the current speed limit by ATC. By transmitting the generated travel command to the drive device 58 or the brake device 59, the train automatically travels. When a travel plan created in advance cannot be used, the travel plan creation device 51 is activated so as to create a travel plan that satisfies the target travel time and consumes a small amount of energy in a travel section determined by the current position and speed of the train. A travel command is created according to the created travel plan.
- the travel section determined from the current position and speed of the train is a travel section from a point where the train exists after a predetermined time to a predetermined end point.
- the predetermined time is longer than the time required for the travel plan creation device 51 to create a travel plan.
- the ATC device has been described on the premise of an analog ATC system that transmits the speed limit at the existing line position, but a single-stage ATC that transmits the stop target position of the train may be used.
- the current speed limit acquisition unit 53 calculates the upper limit speed that can stop before the stop target position even if deceleration is started from the current position based on the brake performance and route conditions of the train. To do.
- the current speed limit acquisition unit 53 may use the calculated upper speed limit as the current speed limit.
- the value stored in the database 61 as the train performance information may be a value estimated based on a past travel history instead of a design value. Accordingly, it is possible to appropriately cope with a case where the train performance deviates from the design value or when the train performance fluctuates due to secular change.
- a data changing unit that changes either or both of the route condition and the train performance stored in the database may be provided.
- the travel plan creation device may take into account the ride comfort.
- the travel plan for protecting the target travel time and traveling in the travel section with a small amount of energy consumption is designed so that the travel time is long but the energy consumption is small. Anything can be used as long as the travel plan is changed little by little.
- FIG. The present embodiment incorporates the travel plan creation device of the second embodiment, considers both energy consumption reduction and ride comfort, and also considers the status of the running train and external environment information such as weather. It is an automatic train driving device that can run automatically.
- FIG. 16 the block diagram which shows the structure of the automatic train driving device which concerns on Embodiment 5 of this invention is shown.
- the automatic train driving device 50B includes a train state acquisition unit 63 that acquires a train state such as a boarding rate or a drive device failure, and an external environment information acquisition unit 64 that acquires external environment information such as weather.
- the acquired train state and external environment information are stored in the travel condition storage unit 62B.
- the travel plan creation device 51B includes a ride comfort evaluation unit 28, an initial travel pattern setting unit 16A, a simulation activation unit 18A, and an optimal travel pattern selection unit 19A similar to those in the second embodiment. Furthermore, it has a travel pattern creation unit 15B that creates a travel pattern in consideration of the train state and external environment information.
- the running pattern creation unit 15B changes the acceleration performance and deceleration performance of the train according to the boarding rate, and when some of the driving devices are out of order, only the non-failing driving device is used.
- the running pattern is obtained using the train performance considering Further, depending on the weather, for example, in the case of rain or snow, the traveling pattern is obtained in consideration of the external environment such as reducing the brake output in order to avoid the occurrence of slippage between the track and the wheel.
- the travel plan is automatically considered while comprehensively considering the reduction effect of energy consumption and ride comfort while maintaining the target travel time. Can be automatically run according to it. As a result, it is possible to realize a railway operation that reduces the amount of energy consumption and provides a comfortable ride while protecting the diagram.
- Only one of the train information acquisition unit and the external environment information acquisition unit may be provided.
- the present invention includes a combination of the features of each of the embodiments described above.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、この発明の実施の形態1に係る走行計画作成装置の構成を示すブロック図である。以降の図において、同一の符号を付したものは、同一または相当するものであり、このことは明細書の全文において共通することである。さらに、明細書全文に表れている構成要素の形態は、あくまで例示であってこれらの記載に限定されるものではない。
以下に示す惰行追加ルールどれかに該当する箇所に、惰行区間を追加する。
基準走行指示にある惰行区間を、その開始地点が距離ΔS4手前の地点になるように変更(延長)する。図7に示す案3が、惰行延長部26により作成される走行指示案である。
図4および図7に示したように、最高速度の変化点ごとに区間を分割する(区間A,B,C)。ここで、開始点および終了点の走行区間ではない側(即ち、走行区間の外側)の区間は最高速度がゼロであるとして取り扱う。ここで、最高速度が上に凸になっている区間、すなわち両側に隣接する区間よりも最高速度が高い区間を、最高速度抑制区間に選定する。そして、その区間の最高速度をΔVだけ低くした値を、その区間の新しい最高速度として指定する。ΔVは例えば1km/hとする。
実施の形態1においては、目標走行時間を守った走行計画を作成する上で、消費エネルギ量の削減だけを考慮していたが、さらに乗り心地を考慮してもよい。この実施の形態2では、消費エネルギ量の削減に加えて乗り心地も考慮して走行計画を作成する走行計画作成装置の構成を説明する。
実施の形態1ないし2においては、目標走行時間を守った走行計画を作成する上で、消費エネルギ量の削減だけ、もしくは消費エネルギ量の削減と乗り心地の両方を考慮していたが、さらに、後続列車への影響を考慮してもよい。
この実施の形態4は、実施の形態1の走行計画作成装置を組み込んだ、自動列車運転装置に関するものである。図15に、この発明の実施の形態4に係る自動列車運転装置の構成を示すブロック図を示す。
本実施の形態は、実施の形態2の走行計画作成装置を組み込み、消費エネルギ量削減と乗り心地の両方を考慮し、さらに走行している列車の状態や、天候などの外部環境情報も考慮して自動走行できるようにした、自動列車運転装置である。図16に、この発明の実施の形態5に係る自動列車運転装置の構成を示すブロック図を示す。
Claims (13)
- 路線条件、列車性能、走行計画を作成する対象の走行区間と目標走行時間を少なくとも含む走行条件を保持する記憶部(14)と、
前記記憶部(14)に保持された路線条件、列車性能、走行条件を使用して、走行指示から前記走行区間を走行する走行パターンを、その走行時間と消費エネルギ量とともに作成する走行シミュレーション部(15)と、
基準走行パターンに初期値を設定する初期走行パターン設定部(16)と、
前記基準走行パターンに対応する基準走行指示から、走行時間が長くなるが消費エネルギ量が小さくなるように前記基準走行指示を変更した複数の走行指示案を作成する走行指示案作成部(17)と、
複数の前記走行指示案のそれぞれに対応する複数の前記走行パターンを、前記走行シミュレーション部(15)を用いて作成するシミュレーション起動部(18)と、
シミュレーション起動部(18)が作成した複数の前記走行パターンの中から、前記基準走行パターンに対して消費エネルギ量削減効果が最大となる前記走行パターンである最適走行パターンを選択する最適走行パターン選択部(19)と、
前記目標走行時間を含む所定の時間範囲内に前記最適走行パターンの走行時間が存在するかどうかを判断する評価部(20)と、
前記所定の時間範囲内に存在する場合に、前記最適走行パターンまたは前記最適走行パターンに対応する走行指示の何れかまたは両方を出力する出力部(14)と、
前記最適走行パターンの走行時間が前記所定の時間範囲の下限値よりも小さい場合に、前記最適走行パターンを前記基準走行パターンに設定する基準走行パターン更新部(22)と、
前記基準走行パターンが設定された場合に、前記走行指示案作成部(17)を起動する走行指示案作成起動部(24)と
を備えた走行計画作成装置。 - 前記走行指示案作成部(17)が、前記基準走行指示に対して、惰行区間を追加する惰行追加部(25)、どれかの惰行区間を長くする惰行延長部(26)、どれかの区間の最高速度を低下させる最高速度抑制部(27)を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の走行計画作成装置。
- 惰行区間は、加速区間の終了地点の前後にある勾配の絶対値が所定値以上である下り勾配の区間、または減速区間の前に設定されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の走行計画作成装置。
- 前記最高速度抑制部(27)は、隣接する区間よりも最高速度が高い区間の最高速度を低下させることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の走行計画作成装置。
- 前記走行指示案作成部(17)が前記基準走行指示を変更して前記走行指示案を作成する際に変更の大きさを決める刻み幅を変更する刻み幅変更部(23)をさらに備え、
前記最適走行パターンの走行時間が前記所定の時間範囲の下限値よりも小さい場合に、前記基準走行パターン更新部(22)が前記基準走行パターンを更新せず、前記刻み幅変更部(23)が前記刻み幅を小さく変更し、前記走行指示案作成部(17)が起動されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の走行計画作成装置。 - 前記走行指示案作成部(17)が前記基準走行指示を変更して前記走行指示案を作成する際に変更の大きさを決める刻み幅を変更する刻み幅変更部(23)をさらに備え、
前記目標走行時間と前記最適走行パターンの走行時間との差に応じて前記刻み幅変更部(23)が前記刻み幅を変更することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の走行計画作成装置。 - 前記初期走行パターン設定部(16)が、前記走行シミュレーション部(15)を使用して所定の走行区間を最も速く走行する最速走行パターンを求め、該最速走行パターンを前記基準走行パターンの初期値として設定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の走行計画作成装置。
- 前記走行パターンの乗り心地を評価して、その指標値である乗り心地指標値を生成する乗り心地評価部(20)をさらに備え、
前記最適走行パターン選択部(19)が、前記基準走行パターンに対する消費エネルギ量削減効果と前記乗り心地指標値とに基づいて前記最適走行パターンを選択することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の走行計画作成装置。 - 前記最適走行パターン選択部(19)は、走行計画を作成する対象の列車の後続列車の運行に影響を与えない走行パターンを優先的に選択することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の走行計画作成装置。
- 路線条件、列車性能、走行条件の何れか少なくとも1つを入力または変更する入力部を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の走行計画作成装置。
- 請求項1に記載の走行計画作成装置(50)と、
現在の列車の位置と速度を特定する現在位置取得部(52)と、
ATC装置から現在の制限速度である現在制限速度を取得する現在制限速度取得部(53)と、
列車の現在位置から決まる走行区間が設定された前記走行条件に対して、前記走行計画作成装置(50)を起動し、作成された走行計画と前記現在制限速度にしたがって列車を走行させる走行指令を作成する走行指令演算部(54)と
を備えた自動列車運転装置。 - 列車の状態である列車状態を取得する列車状態取得部(63)をさらに備え、
前記走行計画作成装置(50)が前記列車状態を考慮して前記走行計画を作成するものであることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の自動列車運転装置。 - 列車の外部環境に関する情報である外部環境情報を取得する外部環境情報取得部(64)をさらに備え、
前記走行計画作成装置(50)が前記外部環境情報を考慮して前記走行計画を作成するものであることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の自動列車運転装置。
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| JP2017063556A (ja) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-03-30 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 走行パタン作成装置及び走行パタン作成装置と自動列車運転装置を備えた自動列車運転システム並びに走行パタン作成装置と運転支援装置を備えた運転支援システム |
| JP2017105328A (ja) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-06-15 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 運転曲線作成装置および運転曲線作成方法 |
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| WO2018008337A1 (ja) * | 2016-07-07 | 2018-01-11 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 走行パターン作成装置及び走行パターン作成方法 |
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| CN115329160A (zh) * | 2021-09-01 | 2022-11-11 | 西南交通大学 | 一种高速列车全局最优节能速度曲线生成方法 |
| CN115329160B (zh) * | 2021-09-01 | 2025-07-15 | 西南交通大学 | 一种高速列车全局最优节能速度曲线生成方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US9205851B2 (en) | 2015-12-08 |
| JP5697757B2 (ja) | 2015-04-08 |
| JPWO2013057969A1 (ja) | 2015-04-02 |
| US20140222259A1 (en) | 2014-08-07 |
| IN2014CN02754A (ja) | 2015-07-03 |
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