WO2013047782A1 - 金属コバルトを内包するカーボンナノファイバーとその製造方法 - Google Patents
金属コバルトを内包するカーボンナノファイバーとその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/127—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gases or vapours or other carbon-containing compounds in the form of gas or vapour, e.g. carbon monoxide, alcohols
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- Y10S977/843—Gas phase catalytic growth, i.e. chemical vapor deposition
Definitions
- the present invention relates to carbon nanofibers that are less affected by residual catalyst and a method for producing the same.
- Carbon nanofibers are nano-level fine carbon fibers and have excellent electrical conductivity. Therefore, they are widely used as conductive materials, and are also widely used as functional materials based on mechanical properties. .
- Carbon nanotubes can be produced by an electrode discharge method, a vapor phase growth method, a laser method, or the like.
- a vapor phase growth method for example, an oxide such as iron, nickel, cobalt, and magnesium is used as a catalyst, and carbon monoxide or a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and hydrogen is used as a raw material gas. Then, the raw material gas is pyrolyzed at a high temperature to generate carbon, and the generated carbon is grown in a fiber shape with catalyst particles as nuclei (Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- the metal oxide of the catalyst component is reduced by hydrogen in the raw material gas, and a metal, a metal containing carbon, Alternatively, a metal-carbon compound may be formed, and this product may remain attached to the carbon nanofiber.
- the physical properties of the fiber may be impaired by the metal species remaining on the fiber surface.
- a mixed powder of CoO and MgO or a mixed powder of Co 3 O 4 and MgO is used as a catalyst.
- one or more kinds of metallic Co selected from metallic cobalt, cobalt metal containing carbon, and cobalt-carbon compound are generated. If this metallic Co remains on the fiber surface in an unstable state, when the carbon nanofiber is used as a conductive filler in a resin composition or a conductive auxiliary agent for a lithium secondary battery, the metallic Co causes conductivity. Such as electrical characteristics, strength, life, etc. will be affected.
- carbon nanofibers produced by vapor phase growth using a catalyst are usually immersed in hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid or the like to remove residual catalyst. It is also known that catalyst particles are included in carbon nanofibers as they are and used in a supported state (Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 metallic Co in the state of being supported in carbon nanofibers is not always stable, so if the metallic Co is detached or peeled off, the electrical characteristics, strength or durability of the product using carbon nanofibers Sex etc. will be affected.
- the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems in the vapor phase growth method for the method for producing carbon nanofibers.
- the metallic Co produced by reduction of Co oxide is reduced.
- a carbon nanofiber which is stabilized by confining this metallic Co inside the fiber so as not to remain in an unstable state on the fiber surface, and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention relates to a carbon nanofiber having the following configuration.
- a metal oxide powder containing a Co oxide is used as a catalyst, and is produced by a gas phase reaction of a raw material gas containing a carbon oxide, and is selected from metallic cobalt, cobalt metal containing carbon, and a cobalt-carbon compound.
- One or more types of carbon nanofibers are contained (encapsulated) in a state of being encapsulated inside the fiber.
- the carbon nanofiber according to the above [1] wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of granular metallic cobalt, carbon-containing cobalt metal, and cobalt-carbon compound is included in the fiber tip.
- this invention relates to the manufacturing method of the carbon nanofiber which has the following structures.
- a mixed powder of Co 3 O 4 and MgO having a step of producing carbon nanofibers by a gas phase reaction of a raw material gas containing carbon oxide using a mixed powder of Co oxide and Mg oxide as a catalyst
- the catalyst is selected from metallic cobalt, cobalt metal containing carbon, and cobalt-carbon compounds.
- the carbon nanofibers of aspects [1] to [3] of the present invention contain metallic Co produced by reduction of Co oxide as a catalyst component in a state of being encapsulated inside the fiber. Since the metallic Co is in a confined state, it is stable and difficult to desorb or peel off. Therefore, metallic Co does not affect the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of the fiber.
- the carbon nanofiber of the aspect [2] of the present invention contains metallic Co in the fiber tip portion and the like, and does not interfere with the fibrous form. For this reason, metallic Co does not affect the mechanical properties of the fiber.
- FIG. 4 is an elemental analysis chart of a part in which granular materials are included in the CNF shown in FIG. 3.
- the carbon nanofiber (CNF) of this embodiment is manufactured by a gas phase reaction of a raw material gas containing carbon oxide using a metal oxide powder containing Co oxide as a catalyst, and metallic Co is encapsulated inside the fiber. Contained (included).
- the metallic Co is at least one selected from metallic cobalt, cobalt metal containing carbon, and a cobalt-carbon compound.
- Examples of the catalyst containing Co oxide include a mixed powder of CoO and MgO.
- carbon produced by thermal decomposition of the raw material gas (mixed gas of carbon oxide and hydrogen) grows in a fiber shape with the catalyst particles as nuclei. Thereby, carbon nanofibers are formed.
- the catalyst component CoO is reduced by hydrogen in the raw material gas to produce metallic Co, and this metallic Co is taken into the carbon nanofibers. If the metallic Co incorporated in the carbon nanofiber is unstable without being sufficiently encapsulated in the fiber, the metallic Co is detached or peeled off, which affects the physical properties of the carbon nanofiber.
- the carbon nanofibers of the present embodiment stably contain metallic Co produced by reducing the catalyst component CoO.
- FIG. 1 to 4 show micrographs of the carbon nanofibers of the present embodiment.
- a granular material metallic Co described later
- this granular material metallic Co
- FIG. 3 a granular material (metallic Co) is contained (encapsulated) in the middle of the fiber in the longitudinal direction, and this granular material (metallic Co) is contained on the surface. Not exposed.
- the catalyst powder particles
- a powder having a particle size corresponding to the fiber diameter (thickness) of the carbon nanofiber is used, and a powder having a particle size of several nm is generally used.
- the metal-based Co in which carbon nanofibers are grown using the catalyst particles as nuclei and CoO is reduced accounts for 10% to 100% of the inner diameter of the fiber as the fibers grow. It comes to be contained in the granular state.
- the size of the metallic Co is preferably 70% to 100% of the inner diameter of the fiber, but is not limited to this range.
- the manufacturing method of the present embodiment includes the following steps. (1) A step of producing a mixed powder of activated CoO and MgO by hydrogen reduction of a mixed powder of Co 3 O 4 and MgO with a reducing gas having a hydrogen concentration that does not produce metallic cobalt. (2) A step of producing carbon nanofibers by a gas phase reaction of a raw material gas containing carbon oxide using the mixed powder of CoO and MgO as a catalyst.
- a mixing ratio of Co 3 O 4 : MgO 90: 10 to 10:90 (parts by weight) is preferable, and a fine powder having an average particle size of 10 nm to 100 nm is preferable.
- a mixed powder of CoO and MgO activated by reducing this mixed powder of Co 3 O 4 and MgO with hydrogen is used as a catalyst.
- a precipitate is formed from a solution containing Co and Mg, and the precipitate can be thermally oxidized to obtain a mixed powder of Co 3 O 4 and MgO.
- the mixed powder obtained by this manufacturing method may contain a part of Co 3 O 4 and MgO in a composite or solid solution state.
- a powder obtained by mixing a commercially available CoO powder and MgO powder can be used as a catalyst.
- the reaction of vapor phase growth is unstable, and carbon nanofibers in which metal Co is sufficiently encapsulated cannot be obtained.
- a mixed gas of hydrogen and an inert gas He or the like
- the hydrogen concentration of the reducing gas is preferably 0.1 to 10 vol%, more preferably 1 to 10 vol%.
- the hydrogen concentration is higher than 10 vol%, Co 3 O 4 is reduced to metal Co, which is not preferable.
- the hydrogen concentration is lower than 0.1 vol%, the hydrogen reduction of Co 3 O 4 becomes insufficient, which is not preferable.
- the catalyst can be activated by the hydrogen reduction and the gas phase reaction of the source gas can be continuously performed by switching the reducing gas to the source gas. According to this continuous manufacturing method, the production efficiency is remarkably improved.
- the reaction (thermal decomposition reaction and reductive decomposition) proceeds.
- the pressure in the furnace is 0.08 to 10 MPa, preferably 0.09 to 2 MPa.
- the temperature of the gas phase reaction is 450 ° C. to 800 ° C., preferably 550 ° C. to 650 ° C.
- the time for supplying the raw material gas into the furnace is 10 minutes to 10 hours, preferably 1 hour to 2 hours.
- the CO / H 2 ratio (volume ratio) or CO 2 / H 2 ratio (volume ratio) of the raw material gas is suitably 20/80 to 99/1, and preferably 50/50 to 95/5.
- Carbon produced by thermal decomposition and reductive decomposition of the raw material gas grows in a fibrous form with catalyst particles as nuclei (vapor phase growth reaction). According to the manufacturing method of the present embodiment, this vapor phase growth reaction proceeds stably, so that carbon nanofibers in which metallic Co is encapsulated inside the fibers can be obtained with certainty.
- Example 1 Comparative Examples 1 and 2
- 1 g of the catalyst shown in Table 1 was placed on an alumina substrate.
- the substrate on which the catalyst was placed was placed in a horizontal tubular furnace, and the pressure in the furnace was 0.10 MPa.
- the raw material gas CO / H 2 ratio: 90/10 to 40/60
- the furnace was adjusted to 550 ° C. to 650 ° C.
- the raw material gas CO / H 2 ratio: 90/10 to 40/60
- 5L / min to 5L / min Thus, carbon nanofiber (CNF) was produced.
- the obtained carbon nanofibers were washed with 10% concentration sulfuric acid at 60 ° C.
- each of the carbon nanofibers of Example 1 and Example 2 contained metallic Co at the tip, and the metallic Co did not elute even when immersed in nitric acid for a long time.
- Comparative Example 1 some CNFs did not contain metallic Co at the tip. Moreover, about half of the metallic Co contained in the tip of CNF was eluted with nitric acid. Therefore, the state of metallic Co was unstable.
- Comparative Example 2 the ratio of CNF containing metallic Co at the tip was small. Furthermore, most of the metallic Co was eluted by nitric acid. Therefore, the state of metallic Co was very unstable.
- the carbon nanofibers obtained by the manufacturing method of this embodiment were analyzed.
- a transmission electron microscope (JEM-2010F) manufactured by JEOL Ltd. was used.
- an EDS elemental analyzer (NORAN SYSTEM 7) manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific Co., Ltd. was used.
- a cross-sectional view of the microscope is shown in FIG.
- a granular material is contained inside the fiber tip. This inclusion was subjected to elemental analysis.
- the results are shown in FIG. As shown in the chart of FIG. 2, it was confirmed that the encapsulated portion was Co in a metallic state.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a microscope for another carbon nanofiber obtained by the manufacturing method of the present embodiment. As shown in the figure, a granular material is encapsulated inside the fiber. This inclusion was subjected to elemental analysis. The results are shown in FIG. As shown in the chart of FIG. 4, it was confirmed that the encapsulated portion was Co in a metallic state.
- a carbon nanofiber containing one or more kinds of metallic Co selected from metallic cobalt, carbon-containing cobalt metal, and a cobalt-carbon compound in an encapsulated state it can. Since the metallic Co is contained in a confined state, it is stable and is not easily detached or separated. Therefore, when carbon nanofibers are used as a conductive filler in a resin composition or a conductive additive for a lithium secondary battery, the metallic Co does not affect the conductivity and chemical properties. For this reason, the carbon nanofiber of the present invention can be suitably applied as a conductive material or a functional material.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2011年9月30日に、日本に出願された特願2011-217909号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
〔1〕Co酸化物を含む金属酸化物粉末を触媒とし、炭素酸化物を含む原料ガスの気相反応によって製造され、金属コバルト、炭素を含有したコバルト金属、及びコバルト-炭素化合物から選択される1種以上が、ファイバー内部に包み込まれた状態で含有(内包)されていることを特徴とするカーボンナノファイバー。
〔2〕ファイバー先端部に粒状の金属コバルト、炭素を含有したコバルト金属、及びコバルト-炭素化合物から選択される1種以上が内包されている上記[1]に記載するカーボンナノファイバー。
〔3〕ファイバー内径の10%~90%を占める大きさの粒状の金属コバルト、炭素を含有したコバルト金属、及びコバルト-炭素化合物から選択される1種以上が内包されている上記[1]または上記[2]に記載するカーボンナノファイバー。
〔4〕Co酸化物とMg酸化物の混合粉末を触媒として用い、炭素酸化物を含む原料ガスの気相反応によってカーボンナノファイバーを製造する工程を有し、Co3O4とMgOの混合粉末を金属コバルトが生じない水素濃度の還元ガスによって水素還元して得られたCoOとMgOの混合粉末を前記触媒として用いることによって、金属コバルト、炭素を含有したコバルト金属、及びコバルト-炭素化合物から選択される1種以上が、ファイバー内部に内包されているカーボンナノファイバーを製造することを特徴とするカーボンナノファイバーの製造方法。
〔5〕水素濃度1~10vol%の還元ガスを用いてCo3O4とMgOの混合粉末を水素還元する上記[4]に記載のカーボンナノファイバーの製造方法。
〔6〕前記Co3O4とMgOの混合粉末を水素還元する工程を更に有し、水素還元温度を前記原料ガスの気相反応温度の範囲内とし、前記水素還元に引き続いて、前記還元ガスを前記原料ガスに切り替え、前記水素還元による触媒の活性化と前記原料ガスの気相反応を連続して行う上記[4]または上記[5]に記載のカーボンナノファイバーの製造方法。
〔金属系Coを内包したCNF〕
本実施形態のカーボンナノファイバー(CNF)は、Co酸化物を含む金属酸化物粉末を触媒として用い、炭素酸化物を含む原料ガスの気相反応によって製造され、ファイバー内部に金属系Coが包み込まれた状態で含有(内包)されている。
ここで、金属系Coは、金属コバルト、炭素を含有したコバルト金属、及びコバルト-炭素化合物から選択される1種以上である。
CoOとMgOの混合粉末を触媒として用いる気相成長法において、金属系Coがファイバー内部に内包されたカーボンナノファイバーは、水素還元による触媒の活性化状態を調整することによって安定に製造することができる。
即ち、本実施形態の製造方法は、以下の工程を有する。
(1)Co3O4とMgOの混合粉末を金属コバルトが生じない水素濃度の還元ガスによって水素還元して、活性化されたCoOとMgOの混合粉末を作製する工程。
(2)前記CoOとMgOの混合粉末を触媒として用い、炭素酸化物を含む原料ガスの気相反応によってカーボンナノファイバーを製造する工程。
CoとMgを含有する溶液から沈澱物を形成し、この沈澱物を熱酸化処理してCo3O4とMgOの混合粉末を得ることができる。この製法で得た混合粉末には、条件によってはCo3O4とMgOの一部が複合ないし固溶した状態で含まれている場合もある。このCo3O4とMgOの混合粉末を水素還元することによって、条件によってはCoOとMgOの一部が複合ないし固溶した混合粉末を得ることができる。このCoOとMgOの混合粉末を触媒として用いることによって、カーボンが繊維状に気相成長する反応が円滑に進み、物性が安定なカーボンナノファイバーを得ることができる。
〔実施例1~2、比較例1~2〕
表1に示す触媒1gをアルミナ製の基板上に配置した。この触媒が配置された基板を横型管状炉内に設置し、炉内の圧力を0.10MPaにした。炉内の温度を550℃~650℃に調節した状態で、原料ガス(CO/H2比:90/10~40/60)を炉内に60分~120分間供給した(供給量:0.5L/min~5L/min)。以上によりカーボンナノファイバー(CNF)を製造した。得られたカーボンナノファイバーを、10%濃度硫酸を用いて、60℃で10分間洗浄し、遊離しているマグネシウム等の触媒を洗浄除去した。
このカーボンナノファイバーを硝酸(濃度55wt%)に90℃にて24時間浸漬した。硝酸への浸漬前後のカーボンナノファイバーのCo濃度をICP発光分光分析法により測定し、コバルト含有量の変化割合を計算した。この結果を表2に示した。
一方、比較例1は一部のCNFには先端部に金属系Coが含有されていなかった。またCNFの先端部に含有されていた金属系Coの約半分が硝酸によって溶出した。従って金属系Coの状態は不安定であった。
比較例2は先端部に金属系Coが含有されているCNFの割合が少なかった。さらに硝酸によって金属系Coの大半が溶出した。従って金属系Coの状態が非常に不安定であった。
Claims (6)
- Co酸化物を含む金属酸化物粉末を触媒とし、炭素酸化物を含む原料ガスの気相反応によって製造され、
金属コバルト、炭素を含有したコバルト金属、及びコバルト-炭素化合物から選択される1種以上が、ファイバー内部に包み込まれた状態で含有(内包)されていることを特徴とするカーボンナノファイバー。 - ファイバー先端部に粒状の金属コバルト、炭素を含有したコバルト金属、及びコバルト-炭素化合物から選択される1種以上が内包されている請求項1に記載のカーボンナノファイバー。
- ファイバー内径の10%~90%を占める大きさの粒状の金属コバルト、炭素を含有したコバルト金属、及びコバルト-炭素化合物から選択される1種以上が内包されている請求項1または請求項2に記載のカーボンナノファイバー。
- Co酸化物とMg酸化物の混合粉末を触媒として用い、炭素酸化物を含む原料ガスの気相反応によってカーボンナノファイバーを製造する工程を有し、
Co3O4とMgOの混合粉末を金属コバルトが生じない水素濃度の還元ガスによって水素還元して得られたCoOとMgOの混合粉末を前記触媒として用いることによって、金属コバルト、炭素を含有したコバルト金属、及びコバルト-炭素化合物から選択される1種以上が、ファイバー内部に内包されているカーボンナノファイバーを製造することを特徴とするカーボンナノファイバーの製造方法。 - 水素濃度1~10vol%の還元ガスを用いてCo3O4とMgOの混合粉末を水素還元する請求項4に記載のカーボンナノファイバーの製造方法。
- 前記Co3O4とMgOの混合粉末を水素還元する工程を更に有し、
水素還元温度を前記原料ガスの気相反応温度の範囲内とし、前記水素還元に引き続いて、前記還元ガスを前記原料ガスに切り替え、前記水素還元による触媒の活性化と前記原料ガスの気相反応を連続して行う請求項4または請求項5に記載のカーボンナノファイバーの製造方法。
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| KR1020147002919A KR101563095B1 (ko) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-09-28 | 금속 코발트를 내포하는 카본 나노 파이버와 그 제조 방법 |
| US14/342,881 US9505622B2 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-09-28 | Carbon nanofibers encapsulating metal cobalt, and production method therefor |
| CN201280039976.9A CN103764554B (zh) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-09-28 | 内含金属钴的碳纳米纤维及其制造方法 |
| EP12835127.7A EP2752390B1 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-09-28 | Carbon nanofibers encapsulating metal cobalt, and production method therefor |
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| JP2011-217909 | 2011-09-30 | ||
| JP2011217909A JP6028189B2 (ja) | 2011-09-30 | 2011-09-30 | 金属コバルトを内包するカーボンナノファイバーの製造方法。 |
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| EP (1) | EP2752390B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6028189B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101563095B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN103764554B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2013047782A1 (ja) |
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| CN104925780B (zh) * | 2015-03-01 | 2019-04-12 | 青岛科技大学 | 一种多层片状碳材料的制备方法 |
| CN104876205B (zh) * | 2015-04-03 | 2017-04-12 | 浙江海洋学院 | 一种利用二氧化碳加氢制备碳纳米纤维的方法 |
| CN104891471B (zh) * | 2015-04-28 | 2017-03-15 | 浙江海洋学院 | 一种钴基催化剂用于二氧化碳加氢制备碳纳米纤维的方法 |
| JPWO2017022553A1 (ja) * | 2015-07-31 | 2018-05-17 | デンカ株式会社 | カーボンナノファイバーの製造方法 |
| CN115261796B (zh) * | 2022-07-25 | 2024-03-19 | 江苏大学 | 脉冲放电制备碳纳米纤维负载纳米金属粒子的装置及方法 |
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- 2012-09-28 WO PCT/JP2012/075148 patent/WO2013047782A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2012-09-28 EP EP12835127.7A patent/EP2752390B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2012-09-28 US US14/342,881 patent/US9505622B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20140043468A (ko) | 2014-04-09 |
| EP2752390A1 (en) | 2014-07-09 |
| US20140241974A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
| EP2752390B1 (en) | 2017-06-21 |
| JP2013075805A (ja) | 2013-04-25 |
| CN103764554A (zh) | 2014-04-30 |
| US9505622B2 (en) | 2016-11-29 |
| JP6028189B2 (ja) | 2016-11-16 |
| CN103764554B (zh) | 2016-03-30 |
| KR101563095B1 (ko) | 2015-10-23 |
| EP2752390A4 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
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