WO2012132509A1 - Igbt - Google Patents
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- WO2012132509A1 WO2012132509A1 PCT/JP2012/051323 JP2012051323W WO2012132509A1 WO 2012132509 A1 WO2012132509 A1 WO 2012132509A1 JP 2012051323 W JP2012051323 W JP 2012051323W WO 2012132509 A1 WO2012132509 A1 WO 2012132509A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/0445—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising crystalline silicon carbide
- H01L21/0475—Changing the shape of the semiconductor body, e.g. forming recesses
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/0445—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising crystalline silicon carbide
- H01L21/048—Making electrodes
- H01L21/049—Conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes, e.g. MIS contacts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D12/00—Bipolar devices controlled by the field effect, e.g. insulated-gate bipolar transistors [IGBT]
- H10D12/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10D12/031—Manufacture or treatment of IGBTs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D12/00—Bipolar devices controlled by the field effect, e.g. insulated-gate bipolar transistors [IGBT]
- H10D12/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10D12/031—Manufacture or treatment of IGBTs
- H10D12/032—Manufacture or treatment of IGBTs of vertical IGBTs
- H10D12/038—Manufacture or treatment of IGBTs of vertical IGBTs having a recessed gate, e.g. trench-gate IGBTs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D12/00—Bipolar devices controlled by the field effect, e.g. insulated-gate bipolar transistors [IGBT]
- H10D12/411—Insulated-gate bipolar transistors [IGBT]
- H10D12/441—Vertical IGBTs
- H10D12/461—Vertical IGBTs having non-planar surfaces, e.g. having trenches, recesses or pillars in the surfaces of the emitter, base or collector regions
- H10D12/481—Vertical IGBTs having non-planar surfaces, e.g. having trenches, recesses or pillars in the surfaces of the emitter, base or collector regions having gate structures on slanted surfaces, on vertical surfaces, or in grooves, e.g. trench gate IGBTs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10D30/021—Manufacture or treatment of FETs having insulated gates [IGFET]
- H10D30/028—Manufacture or treatment of FETs having insulated gates [IGFET] of double-diffused metal oxide semiconductor [DMOS] FETs
- H10D30/0291—Manufacture or treatment of FETs having insulated gates [IGFET] of double-diffused metal oxide semiconductor [DMOS] FETs of vertical DMOS [VDMOS] FETs
- H10D30/0297—Manufacture or treatment of FETs having insulated gates [IGFET] of double-diffused metal oxide semiconductor [DMOS] FETs of vertical DMOS [VDMOS] FETs using recessing of the gate electrodes, e.g. to form trench gate electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/40—Crystalline structures
- H10D62/405—Orientations of crystalline planes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/80—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials
- H10D62/83—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group IV materials, e.g. B-doped Si or undoped Ge
- H10D62/832—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group IV materials, e.g. B-doped Si or undoped Ge being Group IV materials comprising two or more elements, e.g. SiGe
- H10D62/8325—Silicon carbide
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- H10D64/01366—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D64/00—Electrodes of devices having potential barriers
- H10D64/20—Electrodes characterised by their shapes, relative sizes or dispositions
- H10D64/27—Electrodes not carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated or switched, e.g. gates
- H10D64/311—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices
- H10D64/411—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices for FETs
- H10D64/511—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices for FETs for IGFETs
- H10D64/512—Disposition of the gate electrodes, e.g. buried gates
- H10D64/513—Disposition of the gate electrodes, e.g. buried gates within recesses in the substrate, e.g. trench gates, groove gates or buried gates
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- H10P50/00—
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an IGBT, and more particularly to an IGBT that can increase the degree of freedom in setting a threshold voltage while suppressing a decrease in channel mobility.
- silicon carbide as a semiconductor material constituting a semiconductor device has been studied from the viewpoints of increasing the breakdown voltage, reducing loss, and using the semiconductor device in a high-temperature environment.
- Silicon carbide is a wide bandgap semiconductor having a larger bandgap than silicon that has been widely used as a semiconductor material for forming semiconductor devices. Therefore, by using silicon carbide as a material constituting the semiconductor device, it is possible to achieve a high breakdown voltage and a low on-resistance of the semiconductor device.
- a semiconductor device using silicon carbide as a semiconductor material has an advantage that a decrease in characteristics during use in a high temperature environment is small as compared with a semiconductor device using silicon as a semiconductor material.
- an inversion layer in a channel region with a predetermined threshold voltage such as a MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) or an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) as a boundary.
- MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
- IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
- Various studies such as adjustment of threshold voltage and improvement of channel mobility have been made on semiconductor devices that conduct or cut off current by controlling the presence or absence of formation (for example, Non-Patent Document 1 (Sei-Hyung Ryu et al. , “Critical issues for MOS Based Power Devices in 4H-SiC”, Materials Science Forum, 2009 Vols. 615-617, pp. 743-748)).
- a p body region having a p-type conductivity is formed, and a channel region is formed in the p body region. Then, by increasing the concentration (doping concentration) of a p-type impurity (for example, B (boron), Al (aluminum), etc.) in the p body region, the threshold voltage is shifted to the plus side to be close to a normally-off type. Alternatively, it can be a normally-off type.
- a p-type impurity for example, B (boron), Al (aluminum), etc.
- the threshold voltage is shifted to the negative side by increasing the concentration of the n-type impurity in the n-body region contrary to the case of the N-channel, or close to the normally-off type, or It can be a normally-off type.
- the threshold voltage is adjusted by increasing the p-type impurity concentration in the p body region or the n-type impurity concentration in the n body region, there is a problem that the channel mobility is greatly reduced.
- the reason why the channel mobility is greatly reduced is that by increasing the p-type impurity concentration or the n-type impurity concentration, electrons are scattered by p-type impurities or n-type impurities, or electrons are trapped at the interface. This is because scattering of the channel electrons becomes remarkable.
- the p-type impurity concentration in the p body region is about 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 to 4 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 .
- an object of the present invention is to provide an IGBT capable of increasing the degree of freedom in setting a threshold voltage while suppressing a decrease in channel mobility.
- the present invention relates to a first conductivity type silicon carbide substrate, a second conductivity type silicon carbide semiconductor layer provided on a main surface of the silicon carbide substrate, a groove provided in the silicon carbide semiconductor layer, and a silicon carbide semiconductor.
- the sidewall surface of the trench includes the surface of the body region, the insulating film is in contact with at least the surface of the body region on the sidewall surface of the trench, and the first conductivity type impurity concentration in the body region is 5 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ . It is an IGBT that is 3 or more.
- the IGBT of the present invention is provided on a source region of a second conductivity type provided in a region opposite to the silicon carbide substrate side of the body region, a source electrode provided on the source region, and an insulating film.
- the drain electrode provided on the opposite side of the main surface of the silicon carbide substrate, the side wall surface of the groove reaches the silicon carbide semiconductor layer, the side wall surface of the groove is a source region,
- the body region and the silicon carbide semiconductor layer are preferably included, and at least a part of the gate electrode is preferably opposed to the surface of the body region on the side wall surface of the trench with the insulating film interposed therebetween.
- the planar shape of the surface of the source electrode is preferably a stripe shape or a honeycomb shape.
- the gate electrode is formed of polysilicon of the first conductivity type or the second conductivity type.
- the off-angle with respect to the ⁇ 03-38 ⁇ plane in the ⁇ 01-10> direction of the sidewall surface of the groove is ⁇ 3 ° to 5 °.
- the angle formed between the off orientation of the main surface of the silicon carbide substrate and the ⁇ 01-10> direction is 5 ° or less.
- the angle formed between the off orientation of the main surface of the silicon carbide substrate and the ⁇ 2110> direction is 5 ° or less.
- the main surface of the silicon carbide substrate is preferably the main surface on the carbon surface side of silicon carbide constituting the silicon carbide substrate.
- the first conductivity type impurity concentration in the body region is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the first conductivity type impurity concentration in the body region is preferably 8 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more and 3 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the thickness of the insulating film is preferably 25 nm or more and 70 nm or less.
- the first conductivity type is p-type and the second conductivity type is n-type.
- the IGBT of the present invention is preferably a normally-off type.
- the threshold voltage at which the inversion layer is formed on the surface of the body region in contact with the insulating film is preferably 2 V or more in a temperature range of 27 ° C. or more and 100 ° C. or less.
- the threshold voltage is preferably 3 V or more at 100 ° C.
- the threshold voltage is preferably 1 V or more at 200 ° C.
- the temperature dependency of the threshold voltage is preferably ⁇ 10 mV / ° C. or higher.
- the electron channel mobility at 25 ° C. is preferably 30 cm 2 / Vs or more.
- the electron channel mobility at 100 ° C. is preferably 50 cm 2 / Vs or more.
- the electron channel mobility at 150 ° C. is preferably 40 cm 2 / Vs or more.
- the temperature dependence of the electron channel mobility is preferably ⁇ 0.3 cm 2 / Vs ° C. or more.
- the barrier height at the interface between the body region and the insulating film is 2.2 eV or more and 2.6 eV or less.
- the channel resistance that is the resistance value of the channel region formed in the body region is smaller than the drift resistance that is the resistance value of the silicon carbide semiconductor layer other than the channel region. preferable.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an IGBT capable of increasing the degree of freedom in setting a threshold voltage while suppressing a decrease in channel mobility.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an IGBT according to a first embodiment.
- 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a part of the manufacturing process of the example of the method for manufacturing the IGBT according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another part of the manufacturing process of the example of the manufacturing method of the IGBT according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another part of the manufacturing process of the example of the manufacturing method of the IGBT according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another part of the manufacturing process of the example of the manufacturing method of the IGBT according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another part of the manufacturing process of the example of the manufacturing method of the IGBT according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another part of the manufacturing process of the example of the manufacturing method of the IGBT according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an IGBT according to a second embodiment. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an IGBT according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a part of the manufacturing process of the example of the method for manufacturing the IGBT according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another part of the manufacturing process of the example of the method for manufacturing the IGBT according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another part of the manufacturing process of the example of the method for manufacturing the IGBT according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another part of the manufacturing process of the example of the method for manufacturing the IGBT according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another part of the manufacturing process of the example of the method for manufacturing the IGBT according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another part of the manufacturing process of the example of the method for manufacturing the IGBT according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an IGBT according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an IGBT according to a fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a part of the manufacturing process of the example of the manufacturing method of the IGBT according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another part of the manufacturing process of the example of the method for manufacturing the IGBT according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another part of the manufacturing process of the example of the method for manufacturing the IGBT according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another part of the manufacturing process of the example of the method for manufacturing the IGBT according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another part of the manufacturing process of the example of the method for manufacturing the IGBT according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another part of the manufacturing process of the example of the method for manufacturing the IGBT according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another part of the manufacturing process of the example of the method for manufacturing the IGBT according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another part of the manufacturing process of the example of the method for manufacturing the IGBT according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an IGBT according to a sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a relationship between a p-type impurity concentration N A (cm ⁇ 3 ) of a p body region and a threshold voltage V th (V) of the sample of Example 1.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the p-type impurity concentration N A (cm ⁇ 3 ) and channel mobility (cm 2 / Vs) in the p body region of the IGBT of Example 2 in Example 2.
- 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the p-type impurity concentration N A (cm ⁇ 3 ) and channel mobility (cm 2 / Vs) of the p body region of the IGBT of the comparative example in Example 2.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the p-type impurity concentration N A (cm ⁇ 3 ) and channel mobility (cm 2 / Vs) of the p body region of the IGBT of the comparative example in Example 2.
- a gate voltage V G of the IGBT embodiment of Example 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the drain current of log scale (A) and the drain current of the linear scale and (A). It is a figure which shows the relationship between the threshold voltage (V) of each IGBT of Example A and B in Example 4, and temperature (degreeC).
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the temperature (° C.) of each IGBT of Example C and Comparative Example B in Example 5 and the channel mobility (cm 2 / Vs) of electrons. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the p-type impurity density
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the IGBT according to the first embodiment which is an example of the IGBT of the present invention.
- the IGBT according to the first embodiment includes a p + type silicon carbide substrate 1 made of p type silicon carbide and an n + type electric field stop layer 2 made of n type silicon carbide provided on the p + type silicon carbide substrate 1.
- n ⁇ type drift layer 3 made of n type silicon carbide provided on n + type electric field stop layer 2 and a pair of p bodies made of p type silicon carbide provided on n ⁇ type drift layer 3 Provided adjacent to n + source region 5 in each of region 4, a pair of n + source regions 5 made of n-type silicon carbide provided in p body region 4, and each of p body regions 4 and a pair of p + regions 6 made of p-type silicon carbide.
- the n ⁇ type drift layer 3 is provided with a groove 16, and the groove 16 includes a side wall surface 16 a reaching the n ⁇ type drift layer 3 and a bottom surface 16 b made of the n ⁇ type drift layer 3. .
- Side wall surface 16 a of trench 16 includes n + source region 5, p body region 4, and n ⁇ type drift layer 3 in this order.
- An insulating film 91 is provided so as to be in contact with the side wall surface 16a, the bottom surface 16b of the groove 16 and a part of the upper surface of the n + source region 5. Insulating film 91 is also provided so as to be in contact with the upper surfaces of p + region 6, p body region 4, and n ⁇ type drift layer 3 at both ends of the IGBT.
- a gate electrode 93 is provided on the insulating film 91 covering the side wall surface 16 a and the bottom surface 16 b of the trench 16 and the upper surface of the n + source region 5 so as to be in contact with the insulating film 91.
- Gate electrode 93 is provided so as to face the surface of p body region 4 on side wall surface 16 a of trench 16 with insulating film 91 interposed therebetween.
- a source electrode 92 is provided so as to be in contact with a part of the upper surface of the n + source region 5 and a part of the upper surface of the p + region 6. Further, a drain electrode 96 is provided on the side opposite to the main surface of the p + type silicon carbide substrate 1.
- an interlayer insulating film 94 is provided so as to cover the gate electrode 93, and a source wiring 95 is provided so as to cover the source electrode 92 and the interlayer insulating film 94. Note that an interlayer insulating film 94 is also provided on the insulating film 91 at a position in contact with the end portion of the source electrode 92.
- side wall surface 16a of trench 16 is a surface having an off angle of 50 ° to 65 ° with respect to the ⁇ 0001 ⁇ plane, and the p-type impurity concentration in p body region 4 is 5 ⁇ 10. 16 cm -3 or more.
- a conventional trench type IGBT using silicon carbide as a semiconductor material has an n + type electric field stop layer or n on the main surface of a p + type silicon carbide substrate having an off angle of about 8 ° or less with respect to the ⁇ 0001 ⁇ plane.
- An epitaxial growth layer such as a ⁇ type drift layer is formed, and a groove having a side wall surface perpendicular to the main surface of the p + type silicon carbide substrate is formed in the epitaxial growth layer.
- the p body region on the side wall surface of the groove becomes a channel region.
- the p-type impurity concentration in the p body region is increased in order to freely set the threshold voltage. Therefore, sufficient channel mobility cannot be secured in the p body region having a high concentration of p-type impurity.
- the surface of p body region 4 on side wall surface 16a of groove 16 serving as the channel region has an off angle of 50 ° or more with respect to the ⁇ 0001 ⁇ plane.
- the threshold voltage can be adjusted more freely even when the p-type impurity concentration of the p body region 4 is set to a high concentration of 5 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more. It has been found that a significant decrease in channel mobility can be suppressed.
- the IGBT of the first embodiment it is possible to suppress a decrease in channel mobility even when the threshold voltage is shifted to the plus side.
- the IGBT of the first embodiment it is possible to provide an IGBT capable of increasing the degree of freedom in setting the threshold voltage while suppressing a decrease in channel mobility.
- impurity means an impurity that generates majority carriers when introduced into silicon carbide.
- N + type field stop layer 2 and n ⁇ type drift layer 3 are formed, for example, by epitaxial growth in this order on one main surface of p + type silicon carbide substrate 1 and include n type impurities. Therefore, the conductivity type is n-type.
- N nitrogen
- the n type impurity concentration of the n ⁇ type drift layer 3 is lower than the n type impurity concentration of the n + type electric field stop layer 2.
- the pair of p body regions 4 are formed so as to face each other across the groove 16 formed in the n ⁇ type drift layer 3, and the conductivity type becomes p type by including p type impurities. ing.
- the p-type impurity contained in the p-type body region 4 for example, aluminum (Al) and / or boron (B) is used.
- the p-type impurity concentration of the p body region 4 is set to 5 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more as described above. Even when the p-type impurity concentration of the p body region 4 is set to a high concentration of 5 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more and the threshold voltage is shifted to the positive side, the decrease in channel mobility can be suppressed. From the viewpoint of further shifting the threshold voltage to the plus side, the p-type impurity density in the p-type body region 4 is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or more, and is preferably 5 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or more. It is more preferable.
- the p-type impurity concentration in the p body region 4 is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the p-type impurity concentration of the p body region 4 is set to 1 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 or less, the deterioration of the crystallinity of the p body region 4 tends to be suppressed.
- the p-type impurity concentration of p body region 4 is preferably 8 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more and 3 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- a threshold voltage of about 0 to 5 V can be obtained at a normal operating temperature. Tend to be.
- the IGBT of the first embodiment can be used in place of the conventional IGBT using silicon as a semiconductor material, and the IGBT of the first embodiment can be stably made a normally-off type. There is a tendency. In addition, a significant decrease in channel mobility due to an increase in p-type impurity concentration tends to be avoided.
- the pair of p + regions 6 are formed in the pair of p body regions 4 such that the upper surface of the p + region 6 is adjacent to the upper surface of the n + source region 5.
- the p + region 6 is formed in a region opposite to the groove 16 when viewed from the n + source region 5.
- the p type impurity concentration of p + region 6 is higher than the p type impurity concentration of p body region 4.
- Each of the pair of n + source regions 5 is provided such that the upper surface is exposed in a region of the pair of p body regions 4 opposite to the p + type silicon carbide substrate 1 side.
- the pair of n + source regions 5 are formed so as to be separated from each other across the groove 16 formed in the n ⁇ type drift layer 3, and the conductivity type is n type by including n type impurities. It has become.
- the n-type impurity contained in n + source region 5 for example, P (phosphorus) is used.
- the off angle with respect to the ⁇ 03-38 ⁇ plane in the ⁇ 01-10> direction of the side wall surface 16a of the groove 16 is preferably -3 ° or more and 5 ° or less.
- the channel mobility tends to be further improved.
- the off angle with respect to the plane orientation ⁇ 03-38 ⁇ is set to ⁇ 3 ° or more and + 5 ° or less.
- the “off angle with respect to the ⁇ 03-38 ⁇ plane in the ⁇ 01-10> direction” is the normality of the normal line of the side wall surface 16a of the groove 16 to the plane including the ⁇ 01-10> direction and the ⁇ 0001> direction.
- the case of approaching parallel to the 0001> direction is negative.
- the side wall surface 16a of the groove 16 is more preferably substantially a ⁇ 03-38 ⁇ plane, and more preferably a complete ⁇ 03-38 ⁇ plane.
- the channel mobility tends to be further improved.
- substantially the ⁇ 03-38 ⁇ plane means that the side wall surface 16a of the groove 16 is included in the range of the off-angle that can be substantially regarded as the ⁇ 03-38 ⁇ plane.
- the off angle range is, for example, a range in which the off angle with respect to the ⁇ 03-38 ⁇ plane is ⁇ 2 °.
- completely a ⁇ 03-38 ⁇ plane means that the side wall surface 16a of the groove 16 completely matches the ⁇ 03-38 ⁇ plane.
- Insulating film 91 is formed so as to extend from the upper surface of one n + source region 5 to the upper surface of the other n + source region 5 through side wall surface 16 a, bottom surface 16 b and side wall surface 16 a of groove 16. Has been. Insulating film 91 is made of, for example, silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ).
- the thickness of the insulating film 91 is preferably 25 nm or more and 70 nm or less.
- the thickness of the insulating film 91 is not less than 25 nm and not more than 70 nm, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of dielectric breakdown during the operation of the IGBT of Embodiment 1, and to reduce the gate voltage applied to the gate electrode 93. There is a tendency to be able to suppress.
- the gate electrode 93 is formed on the insulating film 91 extending from the upper surface of one n + source region 5 to the upper surface of the other n + source region 5 through the side wall surface 16 a, the bottom surface 16 b and the side wall surface 16 a of the groove 16. It is formed so as to come into contact.
- the gate electrode 93 is formed of, for example, polysilicon to which an n-type impurity or a p-type impurity is added, or a conductor such as Al.
- the gate electrode 93 is preferably formed of p-type polysilicon.
- the threshold voltage can be easily shifted to the plus side, and the IGBT according to the first embodiment tends to be of a normally-off type.
- the p-type polysilicon for example, polysilicon in which majority carriers are holes can be used.
- the gate electrode 93 is made of, for example, an n-type impurity such as phosphorus or arsenic at 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ .
- n-type impurities after adding to a concentration of 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 21 cm ⁇ 3 , preferably 5 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 to 5 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 , or boron in polysilicon
- a p-type impurity such as 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 21 cm ⁇ 3 , preferably 5 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 to 5 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3
- the p-type impurity is added. It can be produced by activating.
- Source electrode 92 extends from the upper surface of n + source region 5 in a direction away from trench 16, passes through the upper surface of p + region 6, and reaches the upper surface of insulating film 91 provided on the upper surface of p + region 6. Has reached.
- the source electrode 92 is formed of a material capable of making ohmic contact with the n + source region 5 such as Ni x Si y (nickel silicide), for example.
- the planar shape of the surface of the source electrode 92 is preferably a stripe shape or a honeycomb shape.
- the planar shape of the surface of the source electrode 92 is a stripe shape or a honeycomb shape, it is possible to obtain stable operation characteristics that are not easily affected by anisotropy of channel electrons and electron mobility in the bulk, and channel filling. There is a tendency that a reduction in loss can be obtained by increasing.
- Drain electrode 96 is formed in contact with the main surface of p + type silicon carbide substrate 1 opposite to the side on which n ⁇ type drift layer 3 is formed. Drain electrode 96 is formed of a material capable of making ohmic contact with p + type silicon carbide substrate 1 such as Ni x Si y or TiAlSi alloy, and is electrically connected to p + type silicon carbide substrate 1.
- the operation of the IGBT according to the first embodiment will be described.
- the p-type body region located immediately below insulating film 91 The pn junction between 4 and n + source region 5 is reverse-biased and becomes non-conductive.
- n + source region 5, p body region 4 and n ⁇ type drift layer 3 are electrically connected, and a current flows between source electrode 92 and drain electrode 96.
- the surface of p body region 4 of side wall surface 16a of groove 16 serving as a channel region is a surface having an off angle of 50 ° or more and 65 ° or less with respect to the ⁇ 0001 ⁇ plane.
- the threshold voltage is shifted to the plus side while suppressing a decrease in channel mobility, and the IGBT is a normally-off type or a normally-off type IGBT.
- the threshold voltage at which the inversion layer is formed on the surface of the p body region 4 in contact with the insulating film 91 is preferably 2 V or more in a temperature range of 25 ° C. or more and 100 ° C. or less.
- the IGBT tends to be able to maintain the normally-off state more reliably at the normal operating temperature.
- the threshold voltage is preferably 3 V or higher at a temperature of 100 ° C. In this case, even when the operating temperature of the IGBT is high, the normally-off state tends to be more reliably maintained.
- the threshold voltage is preferably 1 V or higher at a temperature of 200 ° C. In this case, even when the operating temperature of the IGBT is high, the normally-off state tends to be more reliably maintained.
- the temperature dependence of the threshold voltage is preferably ⁇ 10 mV / ° C. or higher. In this case, the IGBT tends to be more stably maintained in a normally-off state.
- “temperature dependence of threshold voltage” means the ratio of the amount of change in threshold voltage to the amount of change in IGBT operating temperature ((the amount of change in threshold voltage) / (the amount of change in IGBT operating temperature). ).
- the channel mobility of electrons at 25 ° C. is preferably 30 cm 2 / Vs or more. In this case, the on-resistance of the IGBT tends to be sufficiently suppressed.
- the channel mobility of electrons at 100 ° C. is preferably 50 cm 2 / Vs or more. In this case, even when the operating temperature of the IGBT is high, the on-resistance of the IGBT tends to be sufficiently suppressed.
- the channel mobility of electrons at 150 ° C. is preferably 40 cm 2 / Vs or more. In this case, even when the operating temperature of the IGBT is higher, the on-resistance of the IGBT tends to be sufficiently suppressed.
- the temperature dependence of the electron channel mobility is preferably ⁇ 0.3 cm 2 / Vs ° C. or higher. In this case, the on-resistance of the IGBT tends to be more stably suppressed.
- “temperature dependence of electron channel mobility” means the ratio of the change amount of electron channel mobility to the change amount of the operating temperature of the IGBT ((change amount of electron channel mobility) / (Amount of change in the operating temperature of the IGBT)).
- the barrier height at the interface between the p body region 4 and the insulating film 91 is preferably 2.2 eV or more and 2.6 eV or less. In this case, high channel mobility tends to be ensured while suppressing leakage current.
- “barrier height” refers to the size of the band gap between the conduction band of the p body region 4 and the conduction band of the insulating film 91.
- the channel resistance is preferably smaller than the drift resistance.
- the on-resistance of the IGBT tends to be sufficiently suppressed.
- channel resistance refers to the resistance value of the channel region formed in the p body region 4 in the ON state.
- drift resistance refers to the resistance value of the n ⁇ -type drift layer 3 other than the channel region in the on state.
- n + type electric field stop layer 2 and n ⁇ type drift layer 3 are epitaxially grown in this order on the main surface of p + type silicon carbide substrate 1.
- the main surface of the p + -type silicon carbide substrate 1 is selected to have a surface orientation that is perpendicular to the surface having an off angle of 50 ° to 65 ° with respect to the ⁇ 0001 ⁇ plane.
- the trench 16 is formed by removing a part of the n ⁇ type drift layer 3.
- the groove 16 is a part of the n ⁇ type drift layer 3 after forming a mask layer 17 such as a resist in a region where the groove 16 is not formed on the upper surface of the n ⁇ type drift layer 3. Is etched in the thickness direction. Thereby, the side wall surface 16a of the groove
- etching method for example, reactive ion etching (RIE) can be used, and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) RIE is particularly preferable.
- ICP-RIE inductively coupled plasma
- SF 6 or a mixed gas of SF 6 and O 2 as a reaction gas can be used.
- trench 16 having sidewall surface 16a having sidewall surface 16a substantially perpendicular to the main surface of p + -type silicon carbide substrate 1 can be formed in the region where trench 16 is to be formed.
- a p body region 4 an n + source region 5 and a p + region 6 are formed in the n ⁇ type drift layer 3.
- the p body region 4, the n + source region 5 and the p + region 6 can be manufactured, for example, as follows.
- ion implantation for forming the p body region 4 is performed. More specifically, for example, Al (aluminum) ions are implanted into n ⁇ type drift layer 3 to form p body region 4.
- ion implantation for forming the n + source region 5 is performed. Specifically, for example, P (phosphorus) ions are implanted into p body region 4 to form n + source region 5 in p type body region 4.
- ion implantation for forming the p + region 6 is performed. Specifically, for example, Al ions are implanted into p body region 4 to form p + region 6 in p body region 4.
- the mask is made of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) on the main surface of the n ⁇ -type drift layer 3 and has an opening in a desired region where ion implantation is to be performed. Layers can be formed and implemented.
- the p body region 4, the n + source region 5 and the p + region 6 are subjected to heat treatment.
- heat treatment for example, p + type silicon carbide substrate 1 after formation of p body region 4, n + source region 5 and p + region 6 is heated to 1700 ° C. in an inert gas atmosphere such as argon, This can be done by holding for 30 minutes. Thereby, the impurities implanted into p body region 4, n + source region 5 and p + region 6 are activated.
- insulating film 91 is formed.
- insulating film 91 can be performed, for example, by heating p + type silicon carbide substrate 1 after the above heat treatment to 1300 ° C. in an oxygen atmosphere and holding it for 60 minutes.
- the p + type silicon carbide substrate 1 after the formation of the insulating film 91 is heat-treated in a nitrogen monoxide (NO) gas atmosphere.
- a condition for this heat treatment for example, a condition in which p + type silicon carbide substrate 1 is held for about 1 hour at a temperature of 1100 ° C. or higher and 1300 ° C. or lower in an NO gas atmosphere can be used.
- the p + type silicon carbide substrate 1 after the heat treatment is heat treated in an Ar (argon) gas atmosphere.
- Ar argon
- a condition for this heat treatment for example, a condition that is maintained in an Ar gas atmosphere at a temperature higher than the temperature of the heat treatment in the NO gas atmosphere and lower than the melting point of the insulating film 91 for about 1 hour is used. it can.
- the channel mobility of the IGBT can be improved.
- the heat treatment in the Ar gas atmosphere is preferably a temperature higher than the temperature of the heat treatment in the NO gas atmosphere.
- the temperature of the heat treatment in the NO gas atmosphere is set to 900 ° C. or more and 1400 ° C. or less
- the temperature of the heat treatment in the Ar gas atmosphere is higher than the temperature of the heat treatment in the NO gas atmosphere, and 1000 ° C. or more and 1500 ° C. or less. Can do.
- a step of forming the gate electrode 93, the source electrode 92, the interlayer insulating film 94, the source wiring 95, and the drain electrode 96 is performed.
- a gate electrode 93 made of p-type polysilicon is formed, for example, by CVD, photolithography, etching, or the like. Then, after forming a nickel (Ni) film on the back surface of the p + -type silicon carbide substrate 1 by vapor deposition, the Ni film is heated and silicided to form a drain electrode 96.
- Ni nickel
- a step of forming an interlayer insulating film 94 so as to cover the gate electrode 93 and the insulating film 91 is performed.
- the step of forming the interlayer insulating film 94 can be performed, for example, by forming a silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) film to a thickness of about 1 ⁇ m by plasma CVD.
- a step of forming a source electrode 92 is performed.
- the step of forming the source electrode 92 for example, an opening is provided in a part of the interlayer insulating film 94 by photolithography and etching, and then a nickel (Ni) film is formed by vapor deposition, and then the Ni film is formed. This can be carried out by heating and silicidating.
- a step of forming a source wiring 95 so as to cover the source electrode 92 and the interlayer insulating film 94 is performed.
- the source wiring 95 can be performed, for example, by forming an Al film so as to cover the source electrode 92 and the interlayer insulating film 94.
- the IGBT of the first embodiment can be manufactured.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the IGBT according to the second embodiment which is another example of the IGBT of the present invention.
- the IGBT according to the second embodiment is different from the IGBT according to the first embodiment in that n + type electric field stop layer 2 is not provided on the main surface of p + type silicon carbide substrate 1.
- the surface of p body region 4 on side wall surface 16a of groove 16 serving as a channel region is a surface having an off angle of 50 ° or more and 65 ° or less with respect to the ⁇ 0001 ⁇ plane, and p body Since the p-type impurity concentration in the region 4 is 5 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more, the degree of freedom in setting the threshold voltage can be increased, and a significant decrease in channel mobility can be suppressed.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an IGBT according to Embodiment 3 which is another example of the IGBT of the present invention.
- the IGBT according to the third embodiment is characterized in that side wall surface 16 a of groove 16 is inclined with respect to the main surface of p + -type silicon carbide substrate 1.
- the surface of p body region 4 on side wall surface 16a of groove 16 serving as a channel region is a surface having an off angle with respect to the ⁇ 0001 ⁇ plane of 50 ° to 65 °, and p body Since the p-type impurity concentration in the region 4 is 5 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more, the degree of freedom in setting the threshold voltage can be increased, and a significant decrease in channel mobility can be suppressed.
- the angle formed between the off orientation of the main surface of the p + -type silicon carbide substrate 1 and the ⁇ 01-10> direction is 5 ° or less. Since the ⁇ 01-10> direction is a typical off orientation of the main surface of the p + type silicon carbide substrate 1, variations in off orientation due to slicing variations in the manufacturing process of the p + type silicon carbide substrate 1 are ⁇
- the n + type field stop layer 2 and the n ⁇ type drift layer 3 can be easily formed by epitaxial growth on the main surface of the p + type silicon carbide substrate 1 by setting it to 5 ° or less with respect to the 01-10> direction. There is a tendency to be able to.
- the angle formed between the off orientation of the main surface of p + -type silicon carbide substrate 1 and the ⁇ 2110> direction is 5 ° or less. Since the ⁇ 2110> direction is a typical off orientation of the main surface of the p + -type silicon carbide substrate 1 in the same manner as the ⁇ 01-10> direction, the slice processing in the manufacturing process of the p + -type silicon carbide substrate 1 is performed.
- the n + type electric field stop layer 2 and the n ⁇ type drift layer 3 on the main surface of the p + type silicon carbide substrate 1 Tends to be easily formed by epitaxial growth.
- the main surface of p + type silicon carbide substrate 1 is preferably the main surface on the carbon surface side of silicon carbide constituting p + type silicon carbide substrate 1.
- the main surface of the p + type silicon carbide substrate 1 By making the main surface of the p + type silicon carbide substrate 1 the main surface on the carbon surface side, the p + type silicon carbide substrate 1 when the n + type electric field stop layer 2 and the n ⁇ type drift layer 3 are epitaxially grown, respectively.
- the inclination (off angle) of the main surface can be reduced. Therefore, there is a tendency that the surface orientation difference between two surfaces facing each other in the cross section of the side wall surface 16a of the groove 16 inclined with respect to the main surface of the p + type silicon carbide substrate 1 can be reduced.
- the (0001) plane of hexagonal single crystal silicon carbide is defined as the silicon plane
- the (000-1) plane is defined as the carbon plane.
- n + type electric field stop layer 2 and n ⁇ type drift layer 3 are epitaxially grown in this order on the main surface of p + type silicon carbide substrate 1, and then mask layer 17 is formed.
- the mask layer 17 is formed so as to have an inclined surface 17a at a location corresponding to the location where the groove 16 is formed.
- the inclined surface 17a of the mask layer 17 has a sidewall surface 16a (surface having an off angle of 50 ° or more and 65 ° or less with respect to the ⁇ 0001 ⁇ plane) where the groove 16 is inclined by etching of the surface of the n ⁇ type drift layer 3 described later. It is formed to appear.
- the n ⁇ type drift layer 3 is etched using the mask layer 17 having the shape as described above as a mask, so that the side surface 16a is provided on the surface of the n ⁇ type drift layer 3 as shown in FIG. A groove 16 is formed. Thereafter, the mask layer 17 is removed.
- the etching of the n ⁇ type drift layer 3 can be performed by, for example, highly anisotropic dry etching or thermal etching.
- a p body region 4, an n + source region 5 and a p + region 6 are formed in the n ⁇ type drift layer 3. Then, heat treatment is performed on p body region 4, n + source region 5 and p + region 6 to activate impurities in each of p body region 4, n + source region 5 and p + region 6.
- an insulating film 91 is formed.
- the p + type silicon carbide substrate 1 after the formation of the insulating film 91 is heat-treated in an NO gas atmosphere, and then the p + type silicon carbide substrate 1 is heat-treated in an Ar argon gas atmosphere.
- a step of forming the gate electrode 93, the source electrode 92, the interlayer insulating film 94, the source wiring 95, and the drain electrode 96 is performed. Then, after forming a nickel (Ni) film on the back surface of the p + -type silicon carbide substrate 1 by vapor deposition, the Ni film is heated and silicided to form a drain electrode 96.
- Ni nickel
- a step of forming an interlayer insulating film 94 so as to cover the gate electrode 93 and the insulating film 91 is performed.
- the step of forming the interlayer insulating film 94 can be performed, for example, by forming a silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) film to a thickness of about 1 ⁇ m by plasma CVD.
- a step of forming the source electrode 92 is performed.
- an opening is provided in a part of the interlayer insulating film 94 by photolithography and etching, and then a nickel (Ni) film is formed by vapor deposition, and then the Ni film is formed. This can be carried out by heating and silicidating.
- a step of forming a source wiring 95 so as to cover the source electrode 92 and the interlayer insulating film 94 is performed.
- the source wiring 95 can be performed, for example, by forming an Al film so as to cover the source electrode 92 and the interlayer insulating film 94.
- the IGBT of Embodiment 3 can be manufactured.
- FIG. 16 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an IGBT according to Embodiment 4 which is another example of the IGBT of the present invention.
- the IGBT according to the fourth embodiment is different from the IGBT according to the third embodiment in that n + type electric field stop layer 2 is not provided on the main surface of p + type silicon carbide substrate 1.
- the surface of p body region 4 on side wall surface 16a of groove 16 serving as a channel region is a surface having an off angle with respect to the ⁇ 0001 ⁇ plane of 50 ° or more and 65 ° or less, and p body Since the p-type impurity concentration in the region 4 is 5 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more, the degree of freedom in setting the threshold voltage can be increased, and a significant decrease in channel mobility can be suppressed.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the IGBT according to the fifth embodiment which is another example of the IGBT of the present invention.
- sidewall surface 16a of groove 16 is inclined with respect to the main surface of p + -type silicon carbide substrate 1 and has bottom surface 16b extending from sidewall surface 16a. It is a feature.
- the surface of p body region 4 on side wall surface 16a of groove 16 serving as a channel region is a surface having an off angle of 50 ° or more and 65 ° or less with respect to the ⁇ 0001 ⁇ plane, and p body Since the p-type impurity concentration in the region 4 is 5 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more, the degree of freedom in setting the threshold voltage can be increased, and a significant decrease in channel mobility can be suppressed.
- n + type field stop layer 2 and n ⁇ type drift layer 3 are epitaxially grown in this order on the main surface of p + type silicon carbide substrate 1.
- a p body region 4 an n + source region 5 and a p + region 6 are formed in the n ⁇ type drift layer 3.
- a thermal etching process is performed in which a surface having an off angle of 50 ° or more and 65 ° or less with respect to the ⁇ 0001 ⁇ plane appears on the side wall surface 16a of the groove 16. .
- the thermal etching process for example, a mixed gas of oxygen gas and chlorine gas is used as a reaction gas, and the heat treatment temperature is set to, for example, 700 ° C. or more and 1000 ° C. or less to etch the sidewall surface 16a of the groove 16 shown in FIG.
- the heat treatment temperature is set to, for example, 700 ° C. or more and 1000 ° C. or less to etch the sidewall surface 16a of the groove 16 shown in FIG.
- the flow rate ratio of chlorine gas to oxygen gas ((chlorine gas flow rate) / (oxygen gas flow rate)) is preferably 0.5 or more and 4 or less, and preferably 1 or more and 2 or less. More preferably.
- the mixed gas of oxygen gas and chlorine gas may contain a carrier gas in addition to the oxygen gas and chlorine gas.
- a carrier gas for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of nitrogen (N 2 ) gas, argon gas, and helium gas can be used.
- the thermal etching rate is, for example, about 70 ⁇ m / hr.
- the etching selectivity of silicon carbide to silicon dioxide can be extremely increased, so that the mask layer 17 made of SiO 2 during the thermal etching process There is a tendency to be substantially not etched.
- the crystal plane appearing on the side wall surface 16a of the groove 16 by the above thermal etching process is, for example, a ⁇ 03-3-8 ⁇ plane. That is, in the above-described thermal etching process, the ⁇ 03-3-8 ⁇ plane which is the crystal plane with the slowest etching rate is self-formed as the side wall face 16 a of the groove 16.
- p body region 4, n + source region 5 and p + region 6 are subjected to heat treatment, whereby p body region 4, n + source region 5 and Impurities are activated in each of the p + regions 6.
- an insulating film 91 is formed.
- the p + type silicon carbide substrate 1 after the formation of the insulating film 91 is heat-treated in an NO gas atmosphere, and then the p + type silicon carbide substrate 1 is heat-treated in an Ar argon gas atmosphere.
- a step of forming the gate electrode 93, the source electrode 92, the interlayer insulating film 94, the source wiring 95, and the drain electrode 96 is performed. Then, after forming a nickel (Ni) film on the back surface of the p + -type silicon carbide substrate 1 by vapor deposition, the Ni film is heated and silicided to form a drain electrode 96.
- Ni nickel
- a step of forming an interlayer insulating film 94 so as to cover the gate electrode 93 and the insulating film 91 is performed.
- the step of forming the interlayer insulating film 94 can be performed, for example, by forming a silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) film to a thickness of about 1 ⁇ m by plasma CVD.
- a step of forming a source electrode 92 is performed.
- the step of forming the source electrode 92 for example, an opening is provided in a part of the interlayer insulating film 94 by photolithography and etching, and then a nickel (Ni) film is formed by vapor deposition, and then the Ni film is formed. This can be carried out by heating and silicidating.
- a step of forming a source wiring 95 so as to cover the source electrode 92 and the interlayer insulating film 94 is performed.
- the source wiring 95 can be performed, for example, by forming an Al film so as to cover the source electrode 92 and the interlayer insulating film 94.
- the IGBT of the fifth embodiment can be manufactured.
- FIG. 25 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an IGBT according to a sixth embodiment which is another example of the IGBT of the present invention.
- the IGBT of the sixth embodiment is different from the IGBT of the fifth embodiment in that n + type electric field stop layer 2 is not provided on the main surface of p + type silicon carbide substrate 1.
- the surface of p body region 4 on side wall surface 16a of groove 16 serving as a channel region is a surface having an off angle of 50 ° or more and 65 ° or less with respect to the ⁇ 0001 ⁇ plane, Since the p-type impurity concentration in the region 4 is 5 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more, the degree of freedom in setting the threshold voltage can be increased, and a significant decrease in channel mobility can be suppressed.
- the circles in FIG. 26 are data points obtained as a result of the experiment.
- the curve in FIG. 26 is a theoretical curve of the relationship between the p-type impurity concentration in the p body region and the threshold voltage.
- the theoretical curve corresponds to the following formula (1).
- n i is the intrinsic carrier density
- C ox is the oxide film capacitance
- ⁇ m and ⁇ s are the work functions of the metal and semiconductor
- ⁇ V Qeff is the voltage shift component due to the effective fixed charge.
- ⁇ V Qeff ⁇ 1.9 V.
- the data points obtained by the experiment are distributed along the theoretical curve. From the results shown in FIG. 26, when the p-type impurity concentration in the p body region is set to 8 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more, a positive threshold voltage can be stably obtained, so that normally-off can be achieved. Conceivable.
- an experimental IGBT (sample) in which the surface orientation of the side wall surface of the groove was (03-3-8) was manufactured by a process including a NO annealing step and an Ar annealing step.
- a plurality of samples were produced in which the p-type impurity concentration in the p body region was changed in the range of 2 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the insulating film was formed by heating to 1200-1300 ° C. in an oxygen atmosphere and holding for about 60 minutes.
- the NO annealing treatment was performed by heating to 1100 to 1200 ° C. in an NO atmosphere and holding for about 60 minutes.
- Ar annealing was performed by heating to 1200-1300 ° C. in an Ar atmosphere and holding for about 60 minutes (IGBT in the example).
- FIG. 27 shows the relationship between the p-type impurity concentration of the p body region of the IGBT of the example and the channel mobility
- FIG. 28 shows the relationship between the p-type impurity concentration of the p body region of the IGBT of the comparative example and the channel mobility. Show the relationship. 27 and 28, the horizontal axis represents the p-type impurity concentration N A (cm ⁇ 3 ) of the p-type impurity in the p-type body region, and the vertical axis represents the channel mobility (cm 2 / Vs).
- the p-type impurity concentration in the p body region is 2 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 to 1 ⁇ It was confirmed that the channel mobility hardly decreased even when it increased to 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the p-type impurity concentration in the p body region is 2 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 17.
- cm ⁇ 3 the channel mobility was reduced by about 25%.
- the channel mobility of the IGBT of the example is significantly higher than the channel mobility of the IGBT of the comparative example. It was confirmed that Therefore, the IGBT of the example has a larger channel mobility than the IGBT of the comparative example, and the channel mobility of the IGBT of the example and the channel of the IGBT of the comparative example increase as the p-type impurity concentration in the p body region increases. It can be seen that the difference from the mobility increases.
- the threshold voltage can be shifted to the positive side while suppressing the decrease in channel mobility according to the IGBT of the example.
- the horizontal axis represents the gate voltage (VG)
- the left vertical axis represents the log scale drain current (log I d ) amount (A)
- the right vertical axis represents the linear scale drain current (linear I d).
- Amount (A) In FIG. 29, a thick line indicates a log scale drain current (log I d ) amount (A), and a thin line indicates a linear scale drain current (linear I d ) amount (A).
- FIG. 29 it is obtained from a curve indicating the log scale drain current amount as compared to the threshold voltage (point B in FIG. 29) obtained by extending the linear portion of the curve indicating the linear scale drain current amount. It was confirmed that the threshold voltage (point A in FIG. 29) was small.
- the threshold voltage obtained from the above-mentioned curve indicating the log-scale drain current amount is the first thin channel region (weak inversion) in the region in contact with the insulating film of the p body region when the gate voltage is increased.
- the gate voltage at which this weak inversion layer is formed is treated as a threshold voltage.
- an experimental IGBT IGBT of Comparative Example A
- IGBT of Comparative Example A IGBT of Comparative Example A
- the p-type impurity (Al) concentration in the p body region of the IGBT of Comparative Example A was 2 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the relationship between the threshold voltage and the temperature of each IGBT of Examples A and B and Comparative Example A was investigated. The result is shown in FIG. In FIG.
- the circles indicate the threshold voltage (V) at each temperature (° C.) of the IGBT of Example A
- the squares indicate the threshold voltage (V) at each temperature (° C.) of the IGBT of Example B.
- the triangle mark indicates the threshold voltage (V) at each temperature (° C.) of the IGBT of Comparative Example A.
- the threshold voltages of the IGBTs of Example A and Example B are higher than those of the IGBT of Comparative Example A, and are all 2 V or more in the temperature range of room temperature (25 ° C.) to 100 ° C. It was confirmed that it was possible to maintain a normally-off state stably.
- the threshold voltage of the IGBT of Example A is 3 V or higher at 100 ° C. and 1 V or higher at 200 ° C., and it is possible to stably maintain a normally-off state even at higher temperatures. It was confirmed.
- the temperature dependence of the threshold voltage is ⁇ 7 mV / ° C. and ⁇ 6 mV / ° C., respectively, and ⁇ 10 mV / ° C. or higher was confirmed.
- the absolute values of the temperature dependence of the threshold voltage are 7 mV / ° C. and 6 mV / ° C., respectively. Since each was 10 mV / ° C. or less, it was confirmed that the normally-off state could be stably maintained.
- the channel mobility of the IGBT of Example C is higher than the channel mobility of the IGBT of Comparative Example B, which is not only 30 cm 2 / Vs or more at room temperature (25 ° C.), It was confirmed that it was 50 cm 2 / Vs or more at 100 ° C. From the results shown in FIG. 31, it is considered that the channel mobility of the IGBT of Example C is 40 cm 2 / Vs or more at 150 ° C.
- the temperature dependence of the channel mobility of the IGBT of Example C is about ⁇ 0.14 cm 2 / Vs ° C., which is ⁇ 0.3 cm 2 / Vs ° C. or more. confirmed.
- the absolute value of the temperature dependence of the electron channel mobility of the IGBT of Example C is 0.3 cm 2 / Vs ° C. or lower, so that the on-resistance of the IGBT is stably suppressed. It was confirmed that it was possible.
- the threshold voltage increases as the p-type impurity concentration in the p-type body region is increased. From the results shown in FIG. 32, it is considered that the threshold voltage is about 0 to 5 V in the region where the p-type impurity concentration in the p body region is 8 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more and 3 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the p-type impurity concentration in the p body region can be increased while suppressing the decrease in channel mobility. It is considered that sufficient channel mobility can be secured even when the thickness is about 8 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 to 3 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the p-type impurity concentration in the p body region is set to 8 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more and 3 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 or less, so that the conventional IGBT using silicon as a semiconductor material It was confirmed that it was easy to replace and use, and it was possible to stably maintain a normally-off state. It is also considered possible to avoid a significant decrease in channel mobility due to an increase in the p-type impurity concentration in the p body region.
- the present invention can be used for IGBTs.
- 1 p + type silicon carbide substrate 2 n + type electric field stop layer, 3 n ⁇ type drift layer, 4 p body region, 5 n + source region, 6 p + region, 16 groove, 16a side wall surface, 16b bottom surface, 17 Mask layer, 17a inclined surface, 91 insulating film, 92 source electrode, 93 gate electrode, 94 interlayer insulating film, 95 source wiring, 96 drain electrode.
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Abstract
Description
また、本発明のIGBTにおいては、絶縁膜が接するボディ領域の表面に反転層が形成される閾値電圧が、27℃以上100℃以下の温度範囲において、2V以上であることが好ましい。
図1に、本発明のIGBTの一例である実施の形態1のIGBTの模式的な断面図を示す。実施の形態1のIGBTは、p型の炭化珪素からなるp+型炭化珪素基板1と、p+型炭化珪素基板1上に設けられたn型の炭化珪素からなるn+型電界停止層2と、n+型電界停止層2上に設けられたn型の炭化珪素からなるn-型ドリフト層3と、n-型ドリフト層3に設けられたp型の炭化珪素からなる一対のpボディ領域4と、pボディ領域4にそれぞれ設けられたn型の炭化珪素からなる一対のn+ソース領域5と、pボディ領域4のそれぞれにおいてn+ソース領域5に隣り合うようにして設けられたp型の炭化珪素からなる一対のp+領域6とを備えている。
条件を用いることができる。
図8に、本発明のIGBTの他の一例である実施の形態2のIGBTの模式的な断面図を示す。実施の形態2のIGBTは、p+型炭化珪素基板1の主面上にn+型電界停止層2が設けられていない点で実施の形態1のIGBTと異なっている。
図9に、本発明のIGBTの他の一例である実施の形態3のIGBTの模式的な断面図を示す。実施の形態3のIGBTは、溝16の側壁面16aがp+型炭化珪素基板1の主面に対して傾斜していることを特徴としている。
また、p+型炭化珪素基板1の主面のオフ方位と<-2110>方向との為す角が5°以下であることが好ましい。<-2110>方向は、<01-10>方向と同様にp+型炭化珪素基板1の主面の代表的なオフ方位であるため、p+型炭化珪素基板1の製造工程におけるスライス加工のばらつき等によるオフ方位のばらつきを<-2110>方向に対して5°以下とすることによりp+型炭化珪素基板1の主面上へのn+型電界停止層2およびn-型ドリフト層3をエピタキシャル成長により容易に形成することができる傾向にある。
図16に、本発明のIGBTの他の一例である実施の形態4のIGBTの模式的な断面図を示す。実施の形態4のIGBTは、p+型炭化珪素基板1の主面上にn+型電界停止層2が設けられていない点で実施の形態3のIGBTと異なっている。
図17に、本発明のIGBTの他の一例である実施の形態5のIGBTの模式的な断面図を示す。実施の形態5のIGBTは、溝16の側壁面16aがp+型炭化珪素基板1の主面に対して傾斜しているとともに、側壁面16aから延在する底面16bを有していることを特徴としている。
以下、図2および図18~図24の模式的断面図を参照して、実施の形態5のIGBTの製造方法の一例について説明する。まず、図2に示すように、p+型炭化珪素基板1の主面上にn+型電界停止層2およびn-型ドリフト層3をこの順序でエピタキシャル成長させる。
図25に、本発明のIGBTの他の一例である実施の形態6のIGBTの模式的な断面図を示す。実施の形態6のIGBTは、p+型炭化珪素基板1の主面上にn+型電界停止層2が設けられていない点で実施の形態5のIGBTと異なっている。
一方、比較のため、溝の側壁面の面方位を(0001)としたこと以外は、実施例のIGBTと同様にして、実験用のIGBT(比較例BのIGBT)を作製した。
そして、室温(25℃)~200℃の温度範囲内において、実施例Cおよび比較例BのそれぞれのIGBTの電子のチャネル移動度と温度との関係を調査した。その結果を図31に示す。なお、図31において、丸印は実施例CのIGBTの各温度(℃)における電子のチャネル移動度(cm2/Vs)を示し、三角印は比較例BのIGBTの各温度(℃)における電子のチャネル移動度(cm2/Vs)を示している。
Claims (23)
- 第1導電型の炭化珪素基板(1)と、
前記炭化珪素基板(1)の主面上に設けられた第2導電型の炭化珪素半導体層(3)と、
前記炭化珪素半導体層(3)に設けられた溝(16)と、
前記炭化珪素半導体層(3)に設けられた第1導電型のボディ領域(4)と、
少なくとも前記溝(16)の側壁面(16a)を覆う絶縁膜(91)と、を備え、
前記溝(16)の前記側壁面(16a)は、{0001}面に対するオフ角が50°以上65°以下である表面であって、
前記溝(16)の前記側壁面(16a)は、前記ボディ領域(4)の表面を含み、
前記絶縁膜(91)は、少なくとも前記溝(16)の前記側壁面(16a)における前記ボディ領域(4)の前記表面に接しており、
前記ボディ領域(4)における第1導電型不純物濃度が、5×1016cm-3以上である、IGBT。 - 前記ボディ領域(4)の前記炭化珪素基板(1)側と反対側の領域に設けられた第2導電型のソース領域(5)と、
前記ソース領域(5)上に設けられたソース電極(92)と、
前記絶縁膜(91)上に設けられたゲート電極(93)と、
前記炭化珪素基板(1)の前記主面と反対側に設けられたドレイン電極(96)と、を備え、
前記溝(16)の前記側壁面(16a)は、前記炭化珪素半導体層(3)まで到達しており、
前記溝(16)の前記側壁面(16a)は、前記ソース領域(5)と、前記ボディ領域(4)と、前記炭化珪素半導体層(3)とを含み、
前記ゲート電極(93)の少なくとも一部が、前記溝(16)の前記側壁面(16a)における前記ボディ領域(4)の前記表面と前記絶縁膜(91)を挟んで対向している、請求項1に記載のIGBT。 - 前記ソース電極(92)の表面の平面形状は、ストライプ状またはハニカム状である、請求項2に記載のIGBT。
- 前記ゲート電極(93)は、第1導電型または第2導電型のポリシリコンから形成されている、請求項2に記載のIGBT。
- 前記溝(16)の前記側壁面(16a)の<01-10>方向における{03-38}面に対するオフ角が-3°以上5°以下である、請求項1に記載のIGBT。
- 前記主面のオフ方位と<01-10>方向との為す角が5°以下である、請求項1に記載のIGBT。
- 前記主面のオフ方位と<-2110>方向とのなす角が5°以下である、請求項1に記載のIGBT。
- 前記主面は、前記炭化珪素基板(1)を構成する炭化珪素のカーボン面側の主面である、請求項1に記載のIGBT。
- 前記ボディ領域(4)における前記第1導電型不純物濃度が、1×1020cm-3以下である、請求項1に記載のIGBT。
- 前記ボディ領域(4)における前記第1導電型不純物濃度が、8×1016cm-3以上3×1018cm-3以下である、請求項1に記載のIGBT。
- 前記絶縁膜(91)の厚さが、25nm以上70nm以下である、請求項1に記載のIGBT。
- 前記第1導電型がp型であり、前記第2導電型がn型である、請求項1に記載のIGBT。
- ノーマリーオフ型となっている、請求項1に記載のIGBT。
- 前記絶縁膜(91)が接する前記ボディ領域(4)の前記表面に反転層が形成される閾値電圧が、27℃以上100℃以下の温度範囲において、2V以上である、請求項1に記載のIGBT。
- 前記閾値電圧が、100℃において、3V以上である、請求項14に記載のIGBT。
- 前記閾値電圧が、200℃において、1V以上である、請求項14に記載のIGBT。
- 前記閾値電圧の温度依存性が、-10mV/℃以上である、請求項14に記載のIGBT。
- 25℃における電子のチャネル移動度が、30cm2/Vs以上である、請求項1に記載のIGBT。
- 100℃における電子のチャネル移動度が、50cm2/Vs以上である、請求項1に記載のIGBT。
- 150℃における電子のチャネル移動度が、40cm2/Vs以上である、請求項1に記載のIGBT。
- 電子のチャネル移動度の温度依存性が、-0.3cm2/Vs℃以上である、請求項1に記載のIGBT。
- 前記ボディ領域(4)と前記絶縁膜(91)との界面におけるバリアハイトが、2.2eV以上2.6eV以下である、請求項1に記載のIGBT。
- オン状態において、前記ボディ領域(4)に形成されるチャネル領域の抵抗値であるチャネル抵抗が、前記チャネル領域以外の前記炭化珪素半導体層(3)の抵抗値であるドリフト抵抗よりも小さい、請求項1に記載のIGBT。
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| JP6367760B2 (ja) | 2015-06-11 | 2018-08-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 絶縁ゲート型スイッチング装置とその製造方法 |
| CN105489644B (zh) * | 2015-12-30 | 2019-01-04 | 杭州士兰集成电路有限公司 | Igbt器件及其制作方法 |
| JP6623772B2 (ja) * | 2016-01-13 | 2019-12-25 | 富士電機株式会社 | 炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法 |
| JP6848316B2 (ja) * | 2016-10-05 | 2021-03-24 | 富士電機株式会社 | 半導体装置および半導体装置の製造方法 |
| CN108183131A (zh) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-06-19 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十五研究所 | 一种集成sbd结构的单侧mos型器件制备方法 |
| CN108615707B (zh) * | 2018-02-13 | 2020-08-28 | 株洲中车时代电气股份有限公司 | 一种具有折叠型复合栅结构的igbt芯片的制作方法 |
| CN109037060A (zh) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-12-18 | 厦门芯代集成电路有限公司 | 一种能抑制沟道迁移率低下的igbt新结构的制备方法 |
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