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WO2012120082A1 - Adenosine and derivatives thereof for use in pain therapy - Google Patents

Adenosine and derivatives thereof for use in pain therapy Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012120082A1
WO2012120082A1 PCT/EP2012/054016 EP2012054016W WO2012120082A1 WO 2012120082 A1 WO2012120082 A1 WO 2012120082A1 EP 2012054016 W EP2012054016 W EP 2012054016W WO 2012120082 A1 WO2012120082 A1 WO 2012120082A1
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Prior art keywords
adenosine
pain
monophosphate
compound
compounds
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PCT/EP2012/054016
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Werner Weitschies
Ernst Mutschler
Henning Blume
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Aristocon & Co KG GmbH
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Aristocon & Co KG GmbH
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7042Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/7052Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides
    • A61K31/706Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/7064Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines
    • A61K31/7076Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines containing purines, e.g. adenosine, adenylic acid
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7042Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/7052Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides
    • A61K31/706Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/7064Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines
    • A61K31/7076Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines containing purines, e.g. adenosine, adenylic acid
    • A61K31/708Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines containing purines, e.g. adenosine, adenylic acid having oxo groups directly attached to the purine ring system, e.g. guanosine, guanylic acid
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A61K47/38Cellulose; Derivatives thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/44Oils, fats or waxes according to two or more groups of A61K47/02-A61K47/42; Natural or modified natural oils, fats or waxes, e.g. castor oil, polyethoxylated castor oil, montan wax, lignite, shellac, rosin, beeswax or lanolin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0014Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/06Ointments; Bases therefor; Other semi-solid forms, e.g. creams, sticks, gels
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of adenosine and its derivatives for the local treatment of various types of pain as well as suitable drugs.
  • Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside found in all body cells. Adenosine binds to different adenosine receptors. Of these, all of which are G-protein coupled, so far A, A2A, A 2 B and A 3 receptors have been detected. The activation of the A ⁇ and A 3 receptors, mediated via GrProteine, leads to an inhibition of the adenylate cyclase and thus to a reduction in the intracellular concentration of cAMP. Activation of the A 2 A and A 2 B receptors, on the other hand, activates the adenylate cyclase via G s proteins and thus leads to an increase in the intracellular concentration of cAMP.
  • Adenosine has been used almost exclusively parenterally. The most important therapeutic indication to date is the treatment of persistent paroxysmal tachycardia. In the body, it is very quickly converted by the adenosine deaminase to Inosln. In addition, it is phosphorylated by the adenosine kinase to AMP. The physiological half-life is in the range of seconds.
  • Adenosine is not orally administrable, since in this application form no effective levels are built up.
  • the adenosine metabolite adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can not be administered orally since no active-site levels are also established here, as has been shown after oral administration of 150 mg or 225 mg ATP in healthy volunteers (Jordan et al., Medicine in Sports and Exercise, 2004 , 36: 983-990).
  • adenosine After parenteral administration of adenosine, in a high percentage of patients, despite the extremely short half-life, many undesirable effects occur ⁇ Rankin AC et al., Am J Med, 1992; 92: 655-64). Skin redness, dyspnoea and chest pain are very common. In addition, nausea, headache or dizziness are reported.
  • the receptor agonist regadenosone which is predominantly active on the A 2a adenosine receptor, is used clinically as a coronary vasodilator in the form of a bolus injection in the context of the examination of yogurt perfusion. Similar to adenosine, the nucleotides adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and cyclic
  • Adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). This is probably due to the metabolic conversion to adenosine. Also, the metabolite inosine resulting from adenosine in the presence of adenosine deaminase is still active at the adenosine receptors (Nascimento et al., JPET, 2010, 334: 590-598).
  • Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and inosine are also referred to below as adenosine metabolites.
  • adenosine deaminase inhibitors such as pentostatin or compounds as described in WO 94/018200, as well as adenosine kinase inhibitors such as GP515 or compounds described in McGaraughty et al., Curr. Top. Med. Chem., 2005; 5: 43-58.
  • nucleoside uptake transporters eg, dipyridamole or R75231, Thorn & Jarvis, Gen. Pharmacol., 1996, 27: 613-620.
  • adenosine, direct or allosteric adenosine receptor agonists, adenosine receptor antagonists, inhibitors of nucleoside uptake promoters, adenosine deaminase inhibitors, and adenosine kinase inhibitors as parenteral or oral potential drugs for the treatment of other conditions besides persistent paroxysmal tachycardia has been used in a number of cardiovascular diseases including circulatory disorders, neurological disorders such as dementia, anxiety, neuropathic pain, sleep disorders, epilepsy and Parkinson's disease, as well as a variety of other disorders such as alcohol abuse, sepsis, inflammation, immune diseases, diabetes, cancer and asthma (Jacobson & Gao, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2006, 5: 247-264; Manjunath & Sakhare, Indian J.
  • adenosine Local application of adenosine, adenosine metabolites, direct or allosteric adenosine receptor agonists, adenosine receptor antagonists, inhibitors of
  • nucleoside uptake transporters adenosine deaminase inhibitors and inhibitors of adenosine kinase on the skin or on mucous membranes for the sole purpose of pain therapy or for pain therapy in combination with other medicaments are not yet known.
  • Nociceptor pain is induced by chemical, mechanical, thermal or electrical stimulation of pain receptors (nociceptors). This type of pain is what is commonly understood as “pain.” It can occur in almost all tissues and is a physiological tissue reaction to a nociceptive stimulus.
  • the pathophysiological nociceptor pain is the result of tissue damage or inflammation. It may manifest as rest pain, hyperalgesia or allodynia. Typical examples are arthrosis, arthritides and wound pain.
  • Neuropathic pain occurs due to damage to peripheral nerves. Typical examples include phantom pain, acute and postherpetic neuralgia, pain associated with diabetic polyneuropathy, and trigeminal pain. nusneuralgie. The complex of neuropathic pain also includes painful hypersensitivity (allodynia) and sensory disturbances, usually caused by contact or cold.
  • Prolonged pain is also referred to as chronic pain. These are very common and often difficult to treat clinical pictures. Special mention should be made of the complex pain syndrome (Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, CRPS, see Guidelines for Diagnostics and Therapy in Neurology, 4th revised edition 2008,
  • analgesics that are effective in nociceptor pain usually have no effect on neuropathic pain.
  • X is selected from hydroxy, C 2 - to C 2 -Carbonklareester-, monophosphate, diphosphate, and triphosphate group and a cyclic ester of a monophosphate between X and Z;
  • Z is selected from hydrogen, C to C 5 alkyl, C 2 to C 12 carboxylic acid ester and a cyclic ester of a monophosphate between X and Z;
  • R is selected from hydrogen, C 1 to C 8 alkyl and C 2 to C 2 carboxylic acid ester.
  • C 2 to C 12 carboxylic acid ester refers to the esters of a carboxylic acid having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, the compounds of formulas (I) and / or (II) being the alcohol component of the ester.
  • the esters at the X, Z and / or R position are particularly preferably C 2 -C 5 -carboxylic acid esters If a "monophospha", "diphosphate" or
  • triphosphate group is meant a group as meant in the art known adenosine monophosphate (AMP), diphosphate (ADP) or triphosphate (ATP).
  • AMP adenosine monophosphate
  • ADP diphosphate
  • ATP triphosphate
  • R is hydrogen.
  • Z is preferably hydrogen or a cyclic phosphate ester between X and Z.
  • X is preferably selected from hydroxy, monophosphate, diphosphate and triphosphate group and a cyclic ester of a monophosphate between X and Z.
  • Y is preferably an amino group. More preferably, X is a hydroxy group.
  • the cyclic ester may be formed as in the preferred cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) compound wherein Y is an amino group, R is hydrogen and X and Z together form a cyclic ester of a monophosphate:
  • cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate
  • Particularly preferred compounds of the formulas (I) and (II) are adenosine, its metabolites adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine triphosphate phat (ATP), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and inosine. Particularly preferred is adenosine.
  • Compounds which can be used according to the invention are also the salts, isomers and prodrugs of the abovementioned compounds;
  • the compounds of the invention include all isomers of said compounds, but preferred are the compounds which are configured as the naturally occurring adenosine. This natural configuration can be found in the systematic designation of adenosine, which is ⁇ 2R, 3R, 4S, 5R) -2- (6-aminopurine-9-yl) -5- (hydroxymethyl) oxolane-3,4-diol.
  • Adenosine has the following formula:
  • Y is an amino group
  • R and Z are hydrogen and X is a hydroxyl group.
  • the inosin likewise preferably used according to the invention has the following formula inosine
  • the invention relates to the use of the compounds described as well as mixtures of these compounds for the local treatment of pain, in particular neuropathic pain.
  • the invention also relates to the use of compounds which
  • Adenosine receptor agonists are for local treatment of pain.
  • the use of the adenosine receptor agonists according to the invention is described in US 4,364,922, US 4,464,361, US 4,954,504, US 4,980,379, US 5,430,027, US 5,773,423, US 5,789,416, WO 95/11904, WO 97/43300, WO 97/24363, WO 99 / 24449, WO 2000/71558, US
  • adenosine deaminase inhibitors such as pentostatin or compounds as described in WO94 / 018200
  • adenosine kinase inhibitors such as GP515 or compounds described in McGaraughty et al., Curr. Top. Med. Chem., 2005; 5: 43-58.
  • Another possibility for increasing the extracellular adenosine concentration is the use of inhibitors of Nucleoside uptake transporters (eg, dipyridamole or R75231; Thorn & Jarvis, Gen.
  • Adenosine receptor agonists adenosine receptor antagonists, inhibitors of
  • Nucleoside uptake vehicles for local pain management.
  • adenosine deaminase inhibitors for local pain management.
  • adenosine kinase inhibitors for local pain management.
  • the invention relates locally to the skin or on mucous membranes for pain medicaments to be used, the compounds of the invention and mixtures of these compounds.
  • the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention also comprises topically anti-pain drugs, such as preferably local anesthetics (preferably selected from benzocaine, procaine, tetracaine, lidocaine, cardicain, ambroxol, polycanol), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (preferably selected from diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, piroxicam) , hyperemicating compounds (preferably selected from capsaicin, dimethyl sulfoxide).
  • the medicament according to the invention does not comprise any other pharmaceutically active constituent in addition to the compounds according to the invention.
  • Topical describes the application to the skin or mucous membrane.
  • the local application of the compounds described above when applied to the skin or mucous membrane, achieves a measurable, highly significant reduction of the pain emanating from the treated skin or mucous membrane area.
  • the reduction in pain intensity is particularly effective in locally occurring acute and chronic neuropathic pain such as phantom pain, acute and postherpetic neuralgia, diabetic polyneuropathy, causalgia, trigeminal neuralgia, allodynia and sensory disorders like tingling and itching.
  • CRPS complex regional pain syndrome
  • a particularly effective reduction of Schimerzintenstician can also be achieved in ulcers caused by pain. This applies in particular to diabetic pressure ulcers, ulcus cruris, decubitus and ulceration of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, including the oropharynx, rectum and vagina.
  • the local application according to the invention of the compounds according to the invention to skin or mucous membranes is also suitable for the treatment of pain in which the mucous membranes of the mouth and / or the gastrointestinal tract are involved.
  • the application of the invention is associated with a very favorable side effect profile.
  • the side effects observed with parenteral administration of adenosine are avoided in the local administration according to the invention to the skin and mucous membrane.
  • dyspnoea, chest pain, nausea, headache or dizziness do not occur.
  • the preparations according to the invention are significantly better tolerated than many of the other drugs used so far in acute or chronic pain, such as, for example, opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, pirazolones or other analgesics.
  • the dosage forms which are particularly suitable for the use of the active substances mentioned are preferably semisolid preparations for cutaneous administration in the form of an ointment, a cream, a gel, a paste or a medicated plaster and cutaneous plaster in the sense of the monograph "Praeparationes molles ad usum dermicum" of the European Pharmacopoeia 7.0 and / or
  • vaginal tablets Pessaries, vaginal tablets, vaginal capsules, solutions, emulsions and suspensions for vaginal administration, tablets for the preparation of solutions, emulsions and suspensions for vaginal administration, semi-solid vaginal preparations, in particular vaginal ointments, vaginal gels and vaginal creams, vaginal foams and medicinal vaginal tampons (see monograph).
  • vaginal ointments the European vaginal gels and vaginal creams
  • vaginal foams medicinal vaginal tampons
  • the drug release of the dosage forms may be rapid or modified.
  • the medicament according to the invention preferably also contains suitable additives and / or adjuvants.
  • suitable additives and / or auxiliaries in the context of the invention are all substances known to the person skilled in the art from the prior art for the production of medicaments.
  • auxiliaries and the quantities to be used depend on the intended from the point of application. Suitable application sites are the skin including the scalp and external auditory canal, mucous membranes such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, vagina, eye and nose.
  • excipients and additives for the suitable administration forms are skin penetration promoting agents, disintegrants, lubricants, binders, fillers, mold release agents, water, ethanol, 2-propanol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, flavoring agents, sugars, in particular Carriers, diluents, colorants, antioxidants, waxes or fatty acid esters, preservatives, suspension aids, emulsifiers, pectin, tragacanth, hydrocarbons, paraffin, vaselin, glucose, fructose, lactose, sucrose, dextrose, molasses, starch, modified starch, modified cellulose, gelatin , Sorbitol, inositol, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl hydroxypropyl
  • Cetylstearyl alcohol carboxyvinyl polymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylates,
  • Polymethyl methacrylates paraffins, waxes, natural and synthetic gums, acacia, alginates, dextran, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, glyceryl stearate, retinol, retinol palmitate, monoglycerides, diglycerides, sodium lauryl sulfate, polysorbates, edible oils, sesame oil, coconut oil, peanut oil , Castor oil, hydrogenated castor oil, ethoxylated hydrogenated castor oil, ethoxylated castor oil, soybean oil, olive oil, medium chain triglycerides,
  • the amounts of compounds of this invention to be administered to patients will vary depending on the site of administration, the mode of administration, the size of the site of application, the weight and age of the patient, the nature and severity of the disease.
  • the medicaments according to the invention preferably comprise the compounds according to the invention in an amount of at least 0.001% by weight, more preferably at least 0.01% by weight, more preferably 0.1% by weight, more preferably at least 0.4% by weight. , more preferably at least 1 wt%, more preferably at least 5 wt%, and most preferably at least 12 wt%.
  • the medicaments preferably contain the compounds according to the invention in an amount of at most 99.999% by weight, preferably at most 99% by weight, more preferably at most 95% by weight, more preferably at most 70% by weight.
  • the medicaments comprise the compounds according to the invention in proportions of at most
  • a particularly preferred embodiment contains the compounds of this invention in proportions of 0.5 to 10% by weight.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention preferably contains compounds of this invention in an amount of 0.001 to 99.999% by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 20% by weight more preferably 0.05 to 15.0% by weight, most preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the drug.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention contains compounds of this invention in an amount of 0.001 to 99.999% by weight, more preferably 1.0 to 99.0% by weight more preferably from 5 to 95.0% by weight, most preferably from 10 to 90% by weight, based on the total weight of the drug.
  • the invention particularly relates to the use of adenosine
  • Adenosine monophosphate AMP
  • ADP adenosine diphosphate
  • ATP adenosine triphosphate
  • cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate
  • inosine and mixtures of the above-mentioned substances for the local treatment of pain.
  • the local application is preferably carried out on the skin or the mucous membrane.
  • Neuropathic pain can be treated with the compounds and drugs of this invention. Particularly advantageous is the use of the compounds according to the invention and pharmaceuticals, when the pain is an allodynia.
  • arthrosis arthritis, sore pain, rest pain, hyperalgesia, allodynia, phantom pain, acute and postherpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, pain occurring in diabetic polyneuropathy, sensory disorders, complex regional Pain syndrome, neuropathic pain and myofascial and femoropatellar pain syndrome.
  • the medicaments of this invention may be an ointment, cream, gel, paste or medicated plaster. Further, the drug may also be provided in the form of a powder, powder, solution, emulsion, suspension or foam.
  • Further preferred administration forms of the medicament according to the invention are suppositories, rectal capsules, solutions, emulsions and suspensions for rectal administration; Tablets for the preparation of solutions, emulsions and suspensions for rectal use, rectal ointments, rectal gels and rectal creams, rectally applied foams or drug-containing rectal tampons.
  • Further preferred dosage forms of the medicament according to the invention are pessaries, vaginal tablets, vaginal capsules, solutions, emulsions and suspensions for vaginal administration, tablets for the preparation of solutions, emulsions and suspensions for vaginal application, vaginal ointments, vaginal gels and vaginal creams, vaginal foams or medicinal vaginal tampons.
  • Further preferred administration forms of the medicament according to the invention are eye drops, eye baths, semi-solid preparations for use on the eye, powders for producing eye drops and eye baths, and inserts.
  • Further preferred dosage forms of the medicament according to the invention for the treatment of pain in the gastrointestinal tract are tablets, capsules, oral osmotic systems, granules, suspensions, syrups, powders or pellets with rapid or modified release of active ingredient.
  • orodispersible tablets orodispersible tablets, chewable tablets, medicinal chewing gum buccal tablets, sublingual tablets, powders, solutions, suspensions, drops, juices, syrups, capsules, granules, pellets, wafers and patches with faster or modified drug release.
  • excipients in the pharmaceutical composition of this invention are carmellose sodium, hydroxyethyl cellulose, glycerol and potassium sorbate; These excipients may be used alone or in combination in the pharmaceutical composition of the invention. Further preferred excipients which may be present individually or together in the medicament according to the invention are wool wax alcohols (Ph.Eur.), Sorbitan and / or glycerol monooleate and yellow Vaseline.
  • This invention also relates to a method of treating a subject, especially a human suffering from pain, especially neuropathic pain, with the compounds of the invention.
  • adenosine From 2.5 g of adenosine, 1.5 g of hydroxyethyl cellulose 6000, 5.0 g of glycerol 85%, 0.05 g of potassium sorbate and 40.95 g of purified water, a hydrogei with a content of 5% by weight of adenosine is prepared.
  • Example 4 After application of the gel of Example 4 on the intact skin of a healthy volunteer after four hours at intervals of four hours four times repeated application of 1 g cream on a skin area of 25 cm 2 no anesthetic effect and no skin irritation in the form of redness or Itching observed. Dyspnoea, chest pain, nausea, headache or dizziness do not occur.
  • Glycerol monooleate (Rofetan W / O DAC emulsifier) and 42.25 g of yellow vaseline, an ointment containing 10% by weight of adenosine is prepared.

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Abstract

This invention relates to the use of adenosine and derivatives thereof for the treatment of pain. Adenosine and derivatives have proved to be effective in the treatment of neuropathic pain. On local treatment in particular, good results have been achieved. This invention presents not only suitable uses but also medicaments which can be used advantageously.

Description

Adenosin und seine Derivate zur Verwendung in der Schmerztherapie  Adenosine and its derivatives for use in pain therapy

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von Adenosin und seinen Derivaten zur lokalen Behandlung verschiedener Schmerzformen sowie hierfür geeignete Arzneimittel. The present invention relates to the use of adenosine and its derivatives for the local treatment of various types of pain as well as suitable drugs.

Adenosin ist ein endogenes Purinnukleosid, das in allen Körperzellen vorkommt. Adenosin bindet an verschiedene Adenosin-Rezeptoren. Von diesen, die sämtlich G-Protein- gekoppelt sind, wurden bisher A , A2A-, A2B- und A3-Rezeptoren nachgewiesen. Die Aktivierung der A^ und A3-Rezeptoren führt, vermittelt über GrProteine, zu einer Inhibition der Adenylatcyklase und damit zu einer Verringerung der intrazellulären Konzentration an cAMP. Die Aktivierung der A2A- und A2B- Rezeptoren bewirkt dagegen über Gs-Proteine eine Aktivierung der Adenylatcyklase und führt damit zu einer Erhöhung der intrazellulären Konzentration an cAMP. Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside found in all body cells. Adenosine binds to different adenosine receptors. Of these, all of which are G-protein coupled, so far A, A2A, A 2 B and A 3 receptors have been detected. The activation of the A ^ and A 3 receptors, mediated via GrProteine, leads to an inhibition of the adenylate cyclase and thus to a reduction in the intracellular concentration of cAMP. Activation of the A 2 A and A 2 B receptors, on the other hand, activates the adenylate cyclase via G s proteins and thus leads to an increase in the intracellular concentration of cAMP.

Adenosin wird bislang fast ausschließlich parenteral angewendet. Die bisher bedeutendste therapeutische Indikation ist die Behandlung der persistierenden paroxysmalen Tachykardie. Im Körper wird es durch die Adenosin-Deaminase sehr schnell zu Inosln umgewandelt. Daneben wird es durch die Adenosinkinase zu AMP phosphoryliert. Die physiologische Halbwertszeit liegt im Bereich von Sekunden. Adenosine has been used almost exclusively parenterally. The most important therapeutic indication to date is the treatment of persistent paroxysmal tachycardia. In the body, it is very quickly converted by the adenosine deaminase to Inosln. In addition, it is phosphorylated by the adenosine kinase to AMP. The physiological half-life is in the range of seconds.

Adenosin ist nicht oral verabreichbar, da bei dieser Applikationsform keine Wirkspiegel aufgebaut werden. Auch der Adenosinmetabolit Adenosintriphosphat (ATP) ist oral nicht verabreichbar, da auch hier keine Wirkspiegel aufgebaut werden, wie es nach oraler Applikation von 150 mg beziehungsweise 225 mg ATP an gesunden Probanden gezeigt wurde (Jordan et al., Medicine in Sports and Exercise, 2004, 36:983-990). Adenosine is not orally administrable, since in this application form no effective levels are built up. The adenosine metabolite adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can not be administered orally since no active-site levels are also established here, as has been shown after oral administration of 150 mg or 225 mg ATP in healthy volunteers (Jordan et al., Medicine in Sports and Exercise, 2004 , 36: 983-990).

Nach parenteraler Gabe von Adenosin treten bei einem hohen Prozentsatz der Patienten trotz der extrem kurzen Halbwertszeit zahlreiche unerwünschte Wirkungen auf {Rankin AC et al., Am J Med, 1992; 92:655-64). Sehr häufig sind Hautrötung, Dyspnoe und Brustschmerz. Daneben werden auch Übelkeit, Kopfschmerzen oder Schwindel berichtet. Der vorwiegend am A2a-Adenosinrezeptor aktive Rezeptoragonist Regadenoson wird klinisch im Rahmen der Untersuchung der yocardperfusion als koronarer Vasodilatator in Form einer Bolusinjektion eingesetzt. Ähnlich wie Adenosin wirken auch die Nukleotide Adenosinmonophosphat (AMP), Adenosindiphosphat (ADP), Adenosintriphosphat (ATP) und cyklisches After parenteral administration of adenosine, in a high percentage of patients, despite the extremely short half-life, many undesirable effects occur {Rankin AC et al., Am J Med, 1992; 92: 655-64). Skin redness, dyspnoea and chest pain are very common. In addition, nausea, headache or dizziness are reported. The receptor agonist regadenosone, which is predominantly active on the A 2a adenosine receptor, is used clinically as a coronary vasodilator in the form of a bolus injection in the context of the examination of yogurt perfusion. Similar to adenosine, the nucleotides adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and cyclic

Adenosinmonophosphat (cAMP). Dies beruht vermutlich auf der metabolischen Umwandlung zu Adenosin. Auch der aus Adenosin in Gegenwart von Adenosin-Deaminase entstehende Metabolit Inosin ist noch an den Adenosin-Rezeptoren aktiv (Nascimento et al., JPET, 2010, 334:590-598). Adenosinmonophosphat (AMP), Adenosindiphosphat (ADP), Adenosintriphosphat (ATP), cyklisches Adenosinmonophosphat (cAMP) und Inosin werden im Folgenden auch als Adenosinmetabolite bezeichnet. Adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). This is probably due to the metabolic conversion to adenosine. Also, the metabolite inosine resulting from adenosine in the presence of adenosine deaminase is still active at the adenosine receptors (Nascimento et al., JPET, 2010, 334: 590-598). Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and inosine are also referred to below as adenosine metabolites.

Aufgrund der sehr kurzen Halbwertszeit von Adenosin wurde und wird intensiv nach Substanzen gesucht, die mit den Adenosinrezeptoren Wechsel wirken, aber für eine Anwendung als Arzneimittel je nach vorgesehenem Anwendungsgebiet günstigere pharmakodynarnische und pharmakokinetische Profile zeigen. Due to the very short half-life of adenosine, there has been a great deal of research into substances that interact with the adenosine receptors, but show more favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacokinetic profiles for use as pharmaceuticals depending on the intended application.

Inzwischen ist eine Vielzahl von direkten oder allosterischen Adenosinrezeptor-Agonisten und Adenosinrezeptor-Antagonisten bekannt, wie sie beispielsweise in US 4,364,922, US 4,464,361 , US 4,954,504, US 4,980,379, US 5,430,027, US 5,773,423, US 5,789,416, WO 95/11904, WO 97/43300, WO 97/24363, WO 99/24449, WO 2000/71558, US 6,455,510, WO 2001/97786, WO 2000/73307, WO 2001/16134, WO 2003/2566, WO 2003/43636, WO 2003/53946, WO 2003/53961 , WO 2003/6465, WO 2004/103367, WO 2004/89949, WO 2004/63177, WO 2005/9445, EP 2 050 751 und Jacobson & Gao, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2006, 5:247-264 beschrieben sind. A variety of direct or allosteric adenosine receptor agonists and adenosine receptor antagonists are now known, as described, for example, in US 4,364,922, US 4,464,361, US 4,954,504, US 4,980,379, US 5,430,027, US 5,773,423, US 5,789,416, WO 95/11904, WO 97 / 43300, WO 97/24363, WO 99/24449, WO 2000/71558, US 6,455,510, WO 2001/97786, WO 2000/73307, WO 2001/16134, WO 2003/2566, WO 2003/43636, WO 2003/53946, WO 2003/53961, WO 2003/6465, WO 2004/103367, WO 2004/89949, WO 2004/63177, WO 2005/9445, EP 2 050 751 and Jacobson & Gao, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2006, 5: 247- 264 are described.

Des Weiteren sind Verbindungen bekannt, die den Abbau von Adenosin im Körper hemmen und dadurch die Adenosin-Konzentration im Gewebe erhöhen. Dazu gehören Hemmstoffe der Adenosin-Deaminase wie zum Beispiel Pentostatin oder Verbindungen wie sie in WO 94/018200 beschrieben werden, sowie Hemmstoffe der Adenosin-Kinase wie beispielsweise GP515 oder Verbindungen die in McGaraughty et al,, Curr. Top. Med. Chem., 2005.;5:43-58 beschrieben sind. Furthermore, compounds are known which inhibit the degradation of adenosine in the body and thereby increase the adenosine concentration in the tissue. These include adenosine deaminase inhibitors such as pentostatin or compounds as described in WO 94/018200, as well as adenosine kinase inhibitors such as GP515 or compounds described in McGaraughty et al., Curr. Top. Med. Chem., 2005; 5: 43-58.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Erhöhung der extrazellulären Adenosinkonzentration besteht im Einsatz von Hemmstoffen von Nucleosid-Aufnahmetransportern ( z. B. Dipyridamol oder R75231 ; Thorn & Jarvis, Gen. Pharmacol., 1996, 27:613-620). Die Verwendung von Adenosin, direkten oder allosterischen Adenosinrezeptor-Agonisten, Adenosinrezeptor-Antagonisten, Hemmstoffen von Nucleosid-Aufnahmetransportern, Hemmstoffen der Adenosin-Deaminase sowie Hemmstoffen der Adenosin-Kinase als parenteral oder oral anzuwendende potentielle Arzneimittel zur Behandlung von weiteren Erkrankungen neben der persistierenden paroxysmalen Tachykardie wurde bereits für eine ganze Reihe von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen wie Durchblutungsstörungen, neurologische Erkrankungen wie Demenz, Angstzuständen, neuropathischer Schmerz, Schlafstörungen, Epilepsie und Morbus Parkinson sowie eine Vielzahl weiterer Erkrankungen wie Alkoholabusus, Sepsis, Entzündung, Immunerkrankungen, Diabetes, Krebs und Asthma vorgeschlagen (Jacobson & Gao, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2006, 5:247- 264; Manjunath & Sakhare, Indian J. Pharmacol., 2009, 41 :97-105; Milne & Palmer, ScintificWorld Journal, 2011 , 11 :320-339; Gessi et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2010, doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.09.020). Another way to increase extracellular adenosine concentration is to use inhibitors of nucleoside uptake transporters (eg, dipyridamole or R75231, Thorn & Jarvis, Gen. Pharmacol., 1996, 27: 613-620). The use of adenosine, direct or allosteric adenosine receptor agonists, adenosine receptor antagonists, inhibitors of nucleoside uptake promoters, adenosine deaminase inhibitors, and adenosine kinase inhibitors as parenteral or oral potential drugs for the treatment of other conditions besides persistent paroxysmal tachycardia has been used in a number of cardiovascular diseases including circulatory disorders, neurological disorders such as dementia, anxiety, neuropathic pain, sleep disorders, epilepsy and Parkinson's disease, as well as a variety of other disorders such as alcohol abuse, sepsis, inflammation, immune diseases, diabetes, cancer and asthma (Jacobson & Gao, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2006, 5: 247-264; Manjunath & Sakhare, Indian J. Pharmacol., 2009, 41: 97-105; Milne & Palmer, ScintificWorld Journal, 2011, 11: 320- 339; Gessi et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2010, doi: 10. 1016 / j.bbamem.2010.09.020).

Eine lokale Anwendung von Adenosin, Adenosinmetaboliten, direkten oder allosterischen Adenosinrezeptor-Agonisten, Adenosinrezeptor-Antagonisten, Hemmstoffen von Local application of adenosine, adenosine metabolites, direct or allosteric adenosine receptor agonists, adenosine receptor antagonists, inhibitors of

Nucleosid-Aufnahmetransportern, Hemmstoffen der Adenosin-Deaminase sowie Hemmstoffen der Adenosin-Kinase auf der Haut oder auf Schleimhäuten zur alleinigen Schmerztherapie oder zur Schmerztherapie in Kombination mit anderen Arzneimitteln ist dagegen bisher nicht bekannt. By contrast, nucleoside uptake transporters, adenosine deaminase inhibitors and inhibitors of adenosine kinase on the skin or on mucous membranes for the sole purpose of pain therapy or for pain therapy in combination with other medicaments are not yet known.

Bei Schmerzen werden mehrere Typen unterschieden. Der physiologische With pain several types are differentiated. The physiological

Nozizeptorschmerz wird durch chemische, mechanische, thermische oder elektrische Stimulation von Schmerzrezeptoren (Nozizeptoren) ausgelöst. Dieser Schmerztyp ist das, was landläufig unter„Schmerz" verstanden wird. Er kann in nahezu allen Geweben auftreten und ist eine physiologische Gewebereaktion auf einen nozizeptiven Reiz. Nociceptor pain is induced by chemical, mechanical, thermal or electrical stimulation of pain receptors (nociceptors). This type of pain is what is commonly understood as "pain." It can occur in almost all tissues and is a physiological tissue reaction to a nociceptive stimulus.

Der pathophysiologische Nozizeptorschmerz (Entzündungsschmerz) ist Folge von Gewebeschädigungen oder Entzündungen. Er kann sich als Ruheschmerz, Hyperalgesie oder Allodynie äußern. Typische Beispiele sind Arthrosen, Arthritiden und Wundschmerz. The pathophysiological nociceptor pain (inflammatory pain) is the result of tissue damage or inflammation. It may manifest as rest pain, hyperalgesia or allodynia. Typical examples are arthrosis, arthritides and wound pain.

Neuropathische Schmerzen treten aufgrund der Schädigung von peripheren Nerven auf. Typische Beispiele sind der Phantomschmerz, die akute und die postherpetische Neuralgie, die bei der diabetischen Polyneuropathie auftretenden Schmerzen und die Trigemi- nusneuralgie. Zu dem Komplex der neuropathischen Schmerzen gehören auch zumeist durch Berührung oder Kälte ausgelöste schmerzhafte Überempfindlichkeiten (Allodynien) und Sensibilitätsstörungen. Neuropathic pain occurs due to damage to peripheral nerves. Typical examples include phantom pain, acute and postherpetic neuralgia, pain associated with diabetic polyneuropathy, and trigeminal pain. nusneuralgie. The complex of neuropathic pain also includes painful hypersensitivity (allodynia) and sensory disturbances, usually caused by contact or cold.

Länger dauernde Schmerzen werden auch als chronischer Schmerz bezeichnet. Es handelt sich um sehr häufige und oft schwierig zu therapierende Krankheitsbilder. Unter den chronischen Schmerzerkrankungen besonders hervorzuheben sind das komplexe regionale Schmerzsyndrom (Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, CRPS, siehe Leitlinien für Diagnostik und Therapie in der Neurologie; 4. überarbeitete Auflage 2008, Prolonged pain is also referred to as chronic pain. These are very common and often difficult to treat clinical pictures. Special mention should be made of the complex pain syndrome (Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, CRPS, see Guidelines for Diagnostics and Therapy in Neurology, 4th revised edition 2008,

ISBN978313 324146; Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart), neuropathische Schmerzen, das myofasziale und femoropatellare Schmerzsyndrom sowie der Phantomschmerz. ISBN978313 324146; Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart), neuropathic pain, the myofascial and femoropatellar pain syndrome as well as the phantom pain.

Insbesondere bei der Behandlung lokal auftretender Schmerzformen besteht nach wie vor trotz zahlreicher im Handel befindlicher Präparate ein hoher Bedarf an alternativen pharmakotherapeutischen Methoden, die sich durch eine wirksame Schmerzbekämpfung und ein zugleich günstiges Nebenwirkungsprofil auszeichnen. In particular, in the treatment of locally occurring pain forms, there is still a high demand for alternative pharmacotherapeutic methods, despite numerous commercially available preparations, which are characterized by effective pain control and a favorable side effect profile.

Es ist bemerkenswert, dass Analgetika, die bei Nozizeptorschmerz wirksam sind, bei neuropathischem Schmerz normalerweise keinerlei Wirkung zeigen. It is noteworthy that analgesics that are effective in nociceptor pain usually have no effect on neuropathic pain.

Es war daher die Aufgabe der hier beschriebenen Erfindung, Verbindungen zu identifizieren, die bei der Bekämpfung lokaler Schmerzen wirksam sind und Vorteile hinsichtlich Wirksamkeit und/oder Nebenwirkungen gegenüber bisher bekannten Therapieformen zeigen. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die neuartige topische Verwendung von Verbindungen der Formeln (I) oder (II) sowie Salzen, Isomeren und Prodrugs dieser Verbindungen gelöst,

Figure imgf000006_0001
Formel (I) It was therefore the object of the invention described herein to identify compounds which are effective in combating local pain and show advantages in terms of efficacy and / or side effects over previously known forms of therapy. This object is achieved according to the invention by the novel topical use of compounds of the formulas (I) or (II) and salts, isomers and prodrugs of these compounds,
Figure imgf000006_0001
Formula (I)

Figure imgf000006_0002
Formel (II) wobei Y ausgewählt ist aus Imin- (=N), Amin- (-NHZ), Hydroxy- (-OH) und Oxo- Gruppe (=0);
Figure imgf000006_0002
Formula (II) wherein Y is selected from imine (= N-), amine (-NH Z), hydroxy (-OH) and oxo group (= 0);

X ausgewählt ist aus Hydroxy-, C2- bis Ci2-Carbonsäureester-, Monophosphat-, Diphosphat- und Triphosphat-Gruppe sowie einem cyclischen Ester eines Monophosphates zwischen X und Z; und X is selected from hydroxy, C 2 - to C 2 -Carbonsäureester-, monophosphate, diphosphate, and triphosphate group and a cyclic ester of a monophosphate between X and Z; and

Z ausgewählt ist aus Wasserstoff, C bis C5-Alkyl, C2- bis C12-Carbonsäureester sowie einem cyclischen Ester eines Monophosphates zwischen X und Z; und Z is selected from hydrogen, C to C 5 alkyl, C 2 to C 12 carboxylic acid ester and a cyclic ester of a monophosphate between X and Z; and

R ausgewählt ist aus Wasserstoff, C bis Cs-Alkyl und C2- bis C 2- Carbonsäureester. Wenn hier von„C2- bis C12-Carbonsäureester" die Rede ist, so sind die Ester einer Carbonsäure mit 2 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen gemeint, wobei die Verbindungen der Formeln (I) und/oder (II) die Alkoholkomponente des Esters darstellen. Besonders bevorzugt sind die Ester an X-, Z- und/oder R-Position C2- bis C5- Carbonsäureester. Wird eine„Monophospha -,„Diphosphat"- oder R is selected from hydrogen, C 1 to C 8 alkyl and C 2 to C 2 carboxylic acid ester. As used herein, the term "C 2 to C 12 carboxylic acid ester" refers to the esters of a carboxylic acid having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, the compounds of formulas (I) and / or (II) being the alcohol component of the ester. The esters at the X, Z and / or R position are particularly preferably C 2 -C 5 -carboxylic acid esters If a "monophospha", "diphosphate" or

„Triphosphat-Gruppe" erwähnt, so ist damit eine Gruppe gemeint, wie sie im dem Fachmann bekannten Adenosin-Monophosphat (AMP), -Diphosphat (ADP) beziehungsweise -Triphosphat (ATP) vorkommt, gemeint.  By "triphosphate group" is meant a group as meant in the art known adenosine monophosphate (AMP), diphosphate (ADP) or triphosphate (ATP).

Besonders bevorzugt ist R Wasserstoff. Bevorzugt ist Z Wasserstoff oder ein cyclischer Phosphatester zwischen X und Z. X ist bevorzugt ausgewählt aus Hydroxy-, Monophosphat-, Diphosphat- und Triphosphat-Gruppe sowie einem cyclischen Ester eines Monophosphates zwischen X und Z. Y ist bevorzugt eine Aminogruppe. Besonders bevorzugt ist X eine Hydroxygruppe. More preferably, R is hydrogen. Z is preferably hydrogen or a cyclic phosphate ester between X and Z. X is preferably selected from hydroxy, monophosphate, diphosphate and triphosphate group and a cyclic ester of a monophosphate between X and Z. Y is preferably an amino group. More preferably, X is a hydroxy group.

Der zyklische Ester kann so ausgebildet sein wie in der bevorzugten Verbindung des cyclischen Adenostnmonophosphates (cAMP), worin Y eine Aminogruppe ist, R Wasserstoff ist und X und Z zusammen einen cyclischen Ester eines Monophosphates bilden: The cyclic ester may be formed as in the preferred cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) compound wherein Y is an amino group, R is hydrogen and X and Z together form a cyclic ester of a monophosphate:

Figure imgf000007_0001
cyclisches Adenosinmonophosphat
Figure imgf000007_0001
cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Bevorzugte Verbindungen der Formeln (I) und (II) sind insbesondere Adenosin, seine Metabolite Adenosinmonophosphat (AMP), Adenosindiphosphat (ADP), Adenosintriphos- phat (ATP), zyklisches Adenosinmonophosphat (cAMP) und Inosin. Besonders bevorzugt ist Adenosin. Verbindungen, die erfindungsgemäß eingesetzt werden können, sind auch die Salze, Isomere und Prodrugs der oben genannten Verbindungen; wird im folgenden auf„erfindungsgemäße Verbindungen" oder„Verbindungen dieser Erfindung" Bezug genommen, so sind damit neben den Verbindungen der Formeln (I) und (II) auch die dem Fachmann ersichtlichen Salze, Isomere und Prodrugs dieser Verbindungen umfasst. Particularly preferred compounds of the formulas (I) and (II) are adenosine, its metabolites adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine triphosphate phat (ATP), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and inosine. Particularly preferred is adenosine. Compounds which can be used according to the invention are also the salts, isomers and prodrugs of the abovementioned compounds; In the following, reference is made to "compounds of the invention" or "compounds of this invention", thus in addition to the compounds of formulas (I) and (II), the salts, isomers and prodrugs of these compounds apparent to those skilled in the art.

Stereochemisch umfassen die erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen alle Isomere der genannten Verbindungen, bevorzugt sind allerdings die Verbindungen, die wie das natürlich vorkommende Adenosin konfiguriert sind. Diese natürliche Konfiguration lässt sich der systematischen Bezeichnung von Adenosin entnehmen, die lautet {2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6- Aminopurin-9-yl)- 5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3,4-diol. Stereochemically, the compounds of the invention include all isomers of said compounds, but preferred are the compounds which are configured as the naturally occurring adenosine. This natural configuration can be found in the systematic designation of adenosine, which is {2R, 3R, 4S, 5R) -2- (6-aminopurine-9-yl) -5- (hydroxymethyl) oxolane-3,4-diol.

Adenosin hat folgende Formel: Adenosine has the following formula:

Figure imgf000008_0001
Adenosin
Figure imgf000008_0001
adenosine

Darin ist Y eine Aminogruppe, R und Z sind Wasserstoff und X ist eine Hydroxylgruppe. Das erfindungsgemäß ebenfalls bevorzugt verwendete Inosin hat folgende Formel

Figure imgf000009_0001
Inosin Therein Y is an amino group, R and Z are hydrogen and X is a hydroxyl group. The inosin likewise preferably used according to the invention has the following formula
Figure imgf000009_0001
inosine

Darin ist Y eine Oxogruppe, R und Z sind beide Wasserstoff und X ist eine Where Y is an oxo group, R and Z are both hydrogen and X is one

Hydroxygruppe. Hydroxy group.

Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung der beschriebenen Verbindungen sowie Mischungen aus diesen Verbindungen zur lokalen Behandlung von Schmerz, insbesondere neuropathischem Schmerz. The invention relates to the use of the compounds described as well as mixtures of these compounds for the local treatment of pain, in particular neuropathic pain.

Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem die Verwendung von Verbindungen, die The invention also relates to the use of compounds which

Adenosinrezeptoragonisten sind, zur lokalen Behandlung von Schmerz. Insbesondere ist die Verwendung der Adenosinrezeptor-Agonisten erfindungsgemäfi, die in US 4,364,922, US 4,464,361 , US 4,954,504, US 4,980,379, US 5,430,027, US 5,773,423, US 5,789,416, WO 95/11904, WO 97/43300, WO 97/24363, WO 99/24449, WO 2000/71558, US Adenosine receptor agonists are for local treatment of pain. In particular, the use of the adenosine receptor agonists according to the invention is described in US 4,364,922, US 4,464,361, US 4,954,504, US 4,980,379, US 5,430,027, US 5,773,423, US 5,789,416, WO 95/11904, WO 97/43300, WO 97/24363, WO 99 / 24449, WO 2000/71558, US

6,455,510, WO 2001/97786, WO 2000/73307, WO 2001/16134, WO 2003/2566, WO 2003/43636, WO 2003/53946, WO 2003/53961 , WO 2003/6465, WO 2004/103367, WO 2004/89949, WO 2004/63177, WO 2005/9445, EP 2 050 751 und Jacobson & Gao, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2006, 5:247-264 beschrieben sind. Diese Dokumente werden hiermit durch Verweis in diese Anmeldung aufgenommen. 6,455,510, WO 2001/97786, WO 2000/73307, WO 2001/16134, WO 2003/2566, WO 2003/43636, WO 2003/53946, WO 2003/53961, WO 2003/6465, WO 2004/103367, WO 2004 / 89949, WO 2004/63177, WO 2005/9445, EP 2 050 751 and Jacobson & Gao, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2006, 5: 247-264. These documents are hereby incorporated by reference into this application.

Des Weiteren sind Verbindungen bekannt, die den Abbau von Adenosin im Körper hemmen und dadurch die Adenosin-Konzentration im Gewebe erhöhen. Dazu gehören Hemmstoffe der Adenosin-Deaminase wie zum Beispiel Pentostatin oder Verbindungen wie sie in WO94/018200 beschrieben werden sowie Hemmstoffe der Adenosin-Kinase wie beispielsweise GP515 oder Verbindungen die in McGaraughty et a!., Curr. Top. Med. Chem., 2005.;5:43-58 beschrieben sind. Eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Erhöhung der extrazellulären Adenosinkonzentration besteht im Einsatz von Hemmstoffen von Nucleosid-Aufnahmetransportern ( z. B. Dipyridamol oder R75231 ; Thorn & Jarvis, Gen. Phamnacol., 1996, 27:613-620). Auch diese Stoffe können erfindungsgemäß verwendet werden. Der Inhalt der Veröffentlichungen WO 94/018200, McGaraughty et al., Curr. Top. Med. Chem., 2005.;5:43-58 und Thorn & Jarvis, Gen. Pharmacol., 1996, 27:613-620 werden durch Verweis in diese Anmeldung aufgenommen. Furthermore, compounds are known which inhibit the degradation of adenosine in the body and thereby increase the adenosine concentration in the tissue. These include adenosine deaminase inhibitors such as pentostatin or compounds as described in WO94 / 018200 and adenosine kinase inhibitors such as GP515 or compounds described in McGaraughty et al., Curr. Top. Med. Chem., 2005; 5: 43-58. Another possibility for increasing the extracellular adenosine concentration is the use of inhibitors of Nucleoside uptake transporters (eg, dipyridamole or R75231; Thorn & Jarvis, Gen. Phamnacol., 1996, 27: 613-620). These substances can also be used according to the invention. The contents of publications WO 94/018200, McGaraughty et al., Curr. Top. Med. Chem., 2005; 5: 43-58 and Thorn & Jarvis, Gen. Chem. Pharmacol., 1996, 27: 613-620 are incorporated by reference into this application.

Erfindungsgemäß ist damit die Verwendung von direkten oder allosterischen According to the invention is thus the use of direct or allosteric

Adenosinrezeptor-Agonisten, Adenosinrezeptor-Antagonisten, Hemmstoffen von Adenosine receptor agonists, adenosine receptor antagonists, inhibitors of

Nucleosid-Aufnahmetransportern, Hemmstoffen der Adenosin-Deaminase sowie Hemmstoffen der Adenosin-Kinase zur lokalen Schmerzbehandlung. Nucleoside uptake vehicles, adenosine deaminase inhibitors, and adenosine kinase inhibitors for local pain management.

Außerdem betrifft die Erfindung lokal auf der Haut oder auf Schleimhäuten gegen Schmerz anzuwendende Arzneimittel, die erfindungsgemäße Verbindungen sowie Mischungen aus diesen Verbindungen enthalten. Moreover, the invention relates locally to the skin or on mucous membranes for pain medicaments to be used, the compounds of the invention and mixtures of these compounds.

Vorzugsweise umfasst das erfindungsgemäße Arzneimittel außerdem lokal gegen Schmerz wirkende Arzneistoffe, wie vorzugsweise Lokalanästhetika {vorzugsweise ausgewählt aus Benzocain, Procain, Tetracain, Lidocain, Cardicain, Ambroxol, Poüdocanol), nichtsteroidale Antiphlogistika (vorzugsweise ausgewählt aus Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Indomethacin, Piroxicam), hyperämisierende Verbindungen (vorzugsweise ausgewählt aus Capsaicin, Dimethylsulfoxid). In alternativen und besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsformen umfasst das erfindungsgemäße Arzneimittel keinen weiteren arzneilich wirksamen Bestandteil neben den erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen. Preferably, the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention also comprises topically anti-pain drugs, such as preferably local anesthetics (preferably selected from benzocaine, procaine, tetracaine, lidocaine, cardicain, ambroxol, polycanol), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (preferably selected from diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, piroxicam) , hyperemicating compounds (preferably selected from capsaicin, dimethyl sulfoxide). In alternative and particularly preferred embodiments, the medicament according to the invention does not comprise any other pharmaceutically active constituent in addition to the compounds according to the invention.

Die Erfindung betrifft insbesondere die beschriebenen Verbindungen und Arzneimittel zur topischen Anwendung.„Topisch" beschreibt dabei die Anwendung auf Haut oder Schleimhaut. Die Arzneimittel sind bevorzugt steril. The invention relates in particular to the compounds described and medicaments for topical application. "Topical" describes the application to the skin or mucous membrane.

Überraschenderweise wurde gefunden, dass durch die lokale Anwendung der oben beschriebenen Verbindungen bei Anwendung auf der Haut oder Schleimhaut eine messbare, hochsignifikante Reduktion des von dem behandelten Haut- oder Schleimhautareal ausgehenden Schmerzes erreicht wird. Die Verminderung der Schmerzintensität ist besonders effektiv bei lokal auftretenden akuten und chronischen neuropathischen Schmerzen wie Phantomschmerz, akuter und postherpetischer Neuralgie, diabetischer Polyneuropathie, Kausalgie, Trigeminusneuralgie, Allodynie sowie Sensibilitätsstörungen wie Kribbeln und Juckreiz. Auch beim komplexen regionalen Schmerzsyndrom (CRPS) kann eine starke schmerzlindernde Wirkung erreicht werden. Weiterhin wurde überraschenderweise gefunden, dass eine besonders effektive Verringerung der Schimerzintensität auch bei durch Ulzerationen hervorgerufenen Schmerzen erreicht werden kann. Dies betrifft insbesondere diabetische Druckulzera, Ulcus cruris, Dekubitus sowie Ulzerationen der Schleimhäute des Gastrointestinaltraktes einschließlich des Mund- und Rachenraums sowie des Rektums und der Vagina. Surprisingly, it has been found that the local application of the compounds described above, when applied to the skin or mucous membrane, achieves a measurable, highly significant reduction of the pain emanating from the treated skin or mucous membrane area. The reduction in pain intensity is particularly effective in locally occurring acute and chronic neuropathic pain such as phantom pain, acute and postherpetic neuralgia, diabetic polyneuropathy, causalgia, trigeminal neuralgia, allodynia and sensory disorders like tingling and itching. Even with the complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), a strong analgesic effect can be achieved. Furthermore, it has surprisingly been found that a particularly effective reduction of Schimerzintensität can also be achieved in ulcers caused by pain. This applies in particular to diabetic pressure ulcers, ulcus cruris, decubitus and ulceration of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, including the oropharynx, rectum and vagina.

Die erfindungsgemäße lokale Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen auf Haut oder Schleimhäuten, die auch als topische Anwendung bezeichnet wird, ist auch zur Therapie von Schmerzen geeignet, an denen die Schleimhäute des Mundes und/oder des Gastrointestinaltraktes beteiligt sind. Dies betrifft insbesondere entzündliche Erkrankungen im Mundraum, das Reizdarmsysndrom, dyspeptische Beschwerden sowie entzündliche Darmerkrankungen wie Colitis ulcerosa und Morbus Crohn. The local application according to the invention of the compounds according to the invention to skin or mucous membranes, which is also referred to as topical application, is also suitable for the treatment of pain in which the mucous membranes of the mouth and / or the gastrointestinal tract are involved. This applies in particular to inflammatory diseases in the mouth, irritable bowel syndrome, dyspeptic symptoms and inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

Es wurde darüber hinaus unerwartet gefunden, dass die erfindungsgemäße Anwendung mit einem sehr günstigen Nebenwirkungsprofil einhergeht. Die bei parenteraler Applikation von Adenosin beobachteten Nebenwirkungen werden bei der erfindungsgemäßen lokalen Applikation auf Haut und Schleimhaut vermieden. Insbesondere treten Dyspnoe, Brustschmerz, Übelkeit, Kopfschmerzen oder Schwindel nicht auf. Die erfindungsgemäßen Zubereitungen sind zudem deutlich besser verträglich als viele der anderen bei akuten oder chronischen Schmerzen bisher verwendeten Arzneimittel wie zum Beispiel Opioide, nichtsteroidale Antiphlogistika, Pirazolone oder sonstige Analgetika. It was also unexpectedly found that the application of the invention is associated with a very favorable side effect profile. The side effects observed with parenteral administration of adenosine are avoided in the local administration according to the invention to the skin and mucous membrane. In particular, dyspnoea, chest pain, nausea, headache or dizziness do not occur. In addition, the preparations according to the invention are significantly better tolerated than many of the other drugs used so far in acute or chronic pain, such as, for example, opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, pirazolones or other analgesics.

Bei den für die Anwendung der genannten Wirkstoffe besonders geeigneten Arzneiformen handelt es sich vorzugsweise um halbfeste Darreichungen zur kutanen Anwendung in Form einer Salbe (engl.: ointment), einer Creme {engl.: cream), einem Gel (engl.: gel), einer Paste (engl.: paste) oder einem wirkstoffhaltigen Pflaster (engl.: medicated plaster and cutaneous plaster) im Sinne der Monographie„Praeparationes molles ad usum dermicum" der European Pharmacopoeia 7.0; und/oder The dosage forms which are particularly suitable for the use of the active substances mentioned are preferably semisolid preparations for cutaneous administration in the form of an ointment, a cream, a gel, a paste or a medicated plaster and cutaneous plaster in the sense of the monograph "Praeparationes molles ad usum dermicum" of the European Pharmacopoeia 7.0 and / or

Pulver, Puder, Lösungen, Emulsionen, Suspensionen, oder Schäume; und/oder Suppositorien, Rektalkapseln, Lösungen, Emulsionen und Suspensionen zur rektalen Anwendung; Tabletten zur Herstellung von Lösungen, Emulsionen und Suspensionen zur rektalen Anwendung, halbfeste rektale Zubereitungen wie insbesondere Rektalsalben, Rektalgele und Rektalcremes, rektal anzuwendende Schäume sowie arzneistoffhaltige Rektaltampons (vgl, Monographie„Rectalia" der European Pharmacopoeia 7.0); und/oder Powders, powders, solutions, emulsions, suspensions, or foams; and or Suppositories, rectal capsules, solutions, emulsions and suspensions for rectal use; Tablets for the preparation of solutions, emulsions and suspensions for rectal use, semisolid rectal preparations such as in particular rectal, rectal and rectal creams, rectally applied foams and drug-containing rectal tampons (see, monograph "Rectalia" of the European Pharmacopoeia 7.0) and / or

Pessare, Vaginaltabletten, Vaginalkapseln, Lösungen, Emulsionen und Suspensionen zur vaginalen Anwendung, Tabletten zur Herstellung von Lösungen, Emulsionen und Suspensionen zur vaginalen Anwendung, halbfeste vaginale Zubereitungen wie insbesondere Vaginalsalben, Vaginalgele und Vaginalcremes, Vaginal anzuwendende Schäume und arzneistoffhaltige Vaginaltampons (vgl. Monographie„Vaginalia" der European Pessaries, vaginal tablets, vaginal capsules, solutions, emulsions and suspensions for vaginal administration, tablets for the preparation of solutions, emulsions and suspensions for vaginal administration, semi-solid vaginal preparations, in particular vaginal ointments, vaginal gels and vaginal creams, vaginal foams and medicinal vaginal tampons (see monograph). Vaginalia "the European

Pharmacopoeia 7.0); und/oder Pharmacopoeia 7.0); and or

Augentropfen, Augenbäder, halbfeste Zubereitungen am Auge, Pulver zur Herstellung von Augentropfen und Augenbäder sowie Inserte (vgl. Monographie„Ophthalmika" der European Pharmacopoeia 7.0); und/oder Eye drops, eye baths, semi-solid preparations on the eye, powders for the preparation of eye drops and eye baths, as well as inserts (see monograph "Ophthalmic" of the European Pharmacopoeia 7.0) and / or

Orodispersible Tabletten, Schmelztabletten, Kautabletten, medizinische Kaugummis Bukkaltabletten, Sublingualtabletten, Pulver, Lösungen, Suspensionen, Tropfen, Säfte, Sirupe, Kapseln, Granulate, Pellets, Wafer .Tabletten, Kapseln, orale osmotische Systeme, oder Pellets zur lokalen Therapie der Schleimhäute des Gastrointestinaltrakts; die Wirkstofffreisetzung der Darreichungsformen kann dabei schnell oder modifiziert sein; und/oder Orodispersible tablets, orodispersible tablets, chewable tablets, medicinal chewing gums, buccal tablets, sublingual tablets, powders, solutions, suspensions, drops, juices, syrups, capsules, granules, pellets, wafers, tablets, capsules, oral osmotic systems, or pellets for local therapy of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract ; the drug release of the dosage forms can be fast or modified; and or

Orodispersible Tabletten, Schmelztabletten, Kautabletten, medizinische Kaugummis Bukkaltabletten, Sublingualtabletten, Pulver, Lösungen, Suspensionen, Tropfen, Säfte, Sirupe, Kapseln, Granulate, Pellets, Wafer und Pflaster zur lokalen Therapie der Schleimhäute des Mundes. Die Wirkstofffreisetzung der Darreichungsformen kann schnell oder modifiziert sein. Orodispersible tablets, orodispersible tablets, chewable tablets, medicinal chewing gums, buccal tablets, sublingual tablets, powders, solutions, suspensions, drops, juices, syrups, capsules, granules, pellets, wafers and patches for the local treatment of the mucous membranes of the mouth. The drug release of the dosage forms may be rapid or modified.

Das erfindungsgemäße Arzneimittel enthält neben dem Wirkstoff beziehungsweise den Wirkstoffen vorzugsweise noch geeignete Zusatz- und/oder Hilfsstoffe. Solche geeigneten Zusatz- und/oder Hilfsstoffe im Sinne der Erfindung sind alle dem Fachmann aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Stoffe zur Herstellung von Arzneimitteln. Die Auswahl dieser Hilfsstoffe sowie die einzusetzenden Mengen hängen von dem bestimmungsge- mäßen Applikationsort ab. Geeignete Applikationsorte sind die Haut inklusive der Kopfhaut und dem äußeren Gehörgang, Schleimhäute wie die des Mundes, der Speiseröhre, des Magens, des Dünndarms, des Dickdarms, des Rektums, der Vagina, des Auges und der Nase. In addition to the active substance or the active ingredients, the medicament according to the invention preferably also contains suitable additives and / or adjuvants. Such suitable additives and / or auxiliaries in the context of the invention are all substances known to the person skilled in the art from the prior art for the production of medicaments. The choice of these auxiliaries and the quantities to be used depend on the intended from the point of application. Suitable application sites are the skin including the scalp and external auditory canal, mucous membranes such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, vagina, eye and nose.

Bevorzugte Beispiele für Hilfs- und Zusatzstoffe für die geeigneten Applikationsformen sind die Hautpenetration fördernde Mittel, Sprengmittel, Gleitmittel, Binder, Füllmittel, Formtrennmittel, Wasser, Ethanol, 2-Propanol, Glycerin, Ethylenglycol, Propylenglycol, Polyethylenglycol, Polypropylenglycol, Geschmacksstoffe, Zucker, insbesondere Trägermittel, Verdünnungsmittel, Farbstoffe, Antioxidantien, Wachse bzw. Fettsäureester, Konservierungsmittel, Suspensionshilfsmittel, Emulgatoren, Pektin, Tragant, Kohlenwasserstoffe, Paraffin, Vaselin, Glucose, Fructose, Lactose, Saccharose, Dextrose, Melasse, Stärke, modifizierte Stärke, modifizierte Cellulose, Gelatine, Sorbitol, Inositol, Mannitol, mikrokristalline Cellulose, Methylcellulose, Carboxymethylcellulose, Celluloseacetat, Methylhydroxyethylcellulose, Methylhydroxypropylcellulose, Ethylcellulose, Polyvinylalko- hol, Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, Hydroxymethylcellulose, Hydroxyethylcellulose, Hydroxypropylcellulose, Chitosan, EDTA, Schellack, Cetylalkohol, Cetylpalmitat, Preferred examples of excipients and additives for the suitable administration forms are skin penetration promoting agents, disintegrants, lubricants, binders, fillers, mold release agents, water, ethanol, 2-propanol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, flavoring agents, sugars, in particular Carriers, diluents, colorants, antioxidants, waxes or fatty acid esters, preservatives, suspension aids, emulsifiers, pectin, tragacanth, hydrocarbons, paraffin, vaselin, glucose, fructose, lactose, sucrose, dextrose, molasses, starch, modified starch, modified cellulose, gelatin , Sorbitol, inositol, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, chitosan, E DTA, shellac, cetyl alcohol, cetyl palmitate,

Cetylstearylalkohol, Carboxyvinylpolymere, Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Polyacrylate, Cetylstearyl alcohol, carboxyvinyl polymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylates,

Polymethylmethacrylate, Paraffine, Wachse, natürliche und synthetische Gummis, Akaziengummi, Alginate, Dextran, gesättigte und ungesättigte Fettsäuren, Stearinsäure, Magnesiumstearat, Zinkstearat, Glycerylstearat, Retinol, Retinolpalmitat, Monoglyceride, Diglyceride, Natriumlaurylsulfat, Polysorbate, genießbare öle, Sesamöl, Kokusnussöl, Erdnussöl, Rhizinusöl, hydriertes Rhizinusöl, ethoxyliertes hydriertes Rhizinusöl, ethoxyliertes Rhizinusöl, Sojabohnenöl, Olivenöl, mittelkettige Triglyceride, Polymethyl methacrylates, paraffins, waxes, natural and synthetic gums, acacia, alginates, dextran, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, glyceryl stearate, retinol, retinol palmitate, monoglycerides, diglycerides, sodium lauryl sulfate, polysorbates, edible oils, sesame oil, coconut oil, peanut oil , Castor oil, hydrogenated castor oil, ethoxylated hydrogenated castor oil, ethoxylated castor oil, soybean oil, olive oil, medium chain triglycerides,

Isopropylmyristat, Lecithin, Natriumlactat, Polyoxyethylen- und -propylenfettsäureester, Polyoxyethylen- und -propylenfettalkoholether, Sorbitanfettsäureester, Polysiloxane, Bienenwachs, Wollwachs, Wollwachsalkohole, Cholesterol, Cholesterolether, Isopropyl myristate, lecithin, sodium lactate, polyoxyethylene and -propylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene and -propylene fatty alcohol ethers, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polysiloxanes, beeswax, wool wax, wool wax alcohols, cholesterol, cholesterol ethers,

Cholesterolether, Poloxamere, Sorbinsäure, Benzoesäure, Citronensäure, Ascorbinsäure, Tanninsäure, Natriumchlorid, Kaliumchlorid, Magnesiumchlorid, Caiciumchlorid, Magnesiumoxid, Zinkoxid, Tocopherol, Tocopherolacetat, Tocopherolpolyethylenglycolsuccinat, Siliciumdioxid, Titanoxid, Titandioxid, Magnesiumsulfat, Zinksulfat, Calciumsulfat, Pottasche, Calciumphosphat, Cremophor, Dicalciumphosphat, Kaliumbromid, Kaliumiodid, Talkum, Kaolin, Pectin, Crospovidon, Agar und/oder Bentonit. Die an Patienten zu verabreichenden Mengen an Verbindungen dieser Erfindung variieren in Abhängigkeit vom Applikationsort, der Applikationsart, der Größe der Applikationsstelle, dem Gewicht und Alter des Patienten, der Art und dem Schweregrad der Erkrankung. Cholesterol ethers, poloxamers, sorbic acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, tannic acid, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate, silica, titanium oxide, titanium dioxide, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, calcium sulfate, potash, calcium phosphate, cremophor, Dicalcium phosphate, potassium bromide, potassium iodide, talc, kaolin, pectin, crospovidone, agar and / or bentonite. The amounts of compounds of this invention to be administered to patients will vary depending on the site of administration, the mode of administration, the size of the site of application, the weight and age of the patient, the nature and severity of the disease.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Arzneimittel umfassen die erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen vorzugsweise in einem Anteil von wenigstens 0,001 Gew.-%, weiter bevorzugt wenigstens 0,01 Gew.-%, weiter bevorzugt 0,1 Gew.-%, weiter bevorzugt wenigstens 0,4 Gew.-%, weiter bevorzugt wenigstens 1 Gew.-%, weiter bevorzugt wenigstens 5 Gew.-% und am meisten bevorzugt wenigstens 12 Gew.-%. Bevorzugt enthalten die Arzneimittel die erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen allerdings in einem Anteil von höchstens 99,999 Gew.-%, bevorzugt höchstens 99 Gew.-%, weiter bevorzugt höchstens 95 Gew.-%, weiter bevorzugt höchstens 70 Gew.-%. In weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsformen umfassen die Arzneimittel die erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen in Anteilen von höchstens The medicaments according to the invention preferably comprise the compounds according to the invention in an amount of at least 0.001% by weight, more preferably at least 0.01% by weight, more preferably 0.1% by weight, more preferably at least 0.4% by weight. , more preferably at least 1 wt%, more preferably at least 5 wt%, and most preferably at least 12 wt%. However, the medicaments preferably contain the compounds according to the invention in an amount of at most 99.999% by weight, preferably at most 99% by weight, more preferably at most 95% by weight, more preferably at most 70% by weight. In further advantageous embodiments, the medicaments comprise the compounds according to the invention in proportions of at most

20 Gew.-% und weiter bevorzugt höchstens 15 Gew.-%. Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform enthält die Verbindungen dieser Erfindung in Anteilen von 0,5 bis 10 Gew.-%. 20 wt .-% and more preferably at most 15 wt .-%. A particularly preferred embodiment contains the compounds of this invention in proportions of 0.5 to 10% by weight.

Bei äußerlich auf der Haut oder Schleimhaut anzuwendenden Ausführungsformen wie beispielweise Salben, Cremes, Gelen und Pflastern enthält das erfindungsgemäße Arzneimittel Verbindungen dieser Erfindung vorzugsweise in einer Menge von 0,001 bis 99,999 Gew.-%, bevorzugter 0,01 bis 20 Gew.-%, noch bevorzugter 0,05 bis 15,0 Gew.- %, am bevorzugtesten 0,1 bis 10 Gew.-% bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Arzneimittels. For externally applied skin or mucous membrane embodiments such as ointments, creams, gels and patches, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention preferably contains compounds of this invention in an amount of 0.001 to 99.999% by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 20% by weight more preferably 0.05 to 15.0% by weight, most preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the drug.

Bei innerlich auf Schleimhäuten anzuwendenden Ausführungsformen wie beispielweise Buccaltabletten, orodispersibien Tabletten, einzunehmenden Tabletten oder Lösungen enthält das erfindungsgemäße Arzneimittel Verbindungen dieser Erfindung in einer Menge von 0,001 bis 99,999 Gew.-%, bevorzugter 1 ,0 bis 99,0 Gew.-%, noch bevorzugter 5 bis 95,0 Gew.-%, am bevorzugtesten 10 bis 90 Gew.-% bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Arzneimittels. For internal embodiments of mucous membranes, such as buccal tablets, orodispersible tablets, tablets or solutions to be taken, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention contains compounds of this invention in an amount of 0.001 to 99.999% by weight, more preferably 1.0 to 99.0% by weight more preferably from 5 to 95.0% by weight, most preferably from 10 to 90% by weight, based on the total weight of the drug.

Die Erfindung betrifft insbesondere die Verwendung von Adenosin, The invention particularly relates to the use of adenosine,

Adenosinmonophosphat (AMP), Adenosindiphosphat (ADP), Adenosintriphosphat (ATP), zyklischem Adenosinmonophosphat (cAMP) und Inosin sowie Gemischen der vorgenann- ten Substanzen zur lokalen Behandlung von Schmerz. Dabei erfolgt die lokale Anwendung vorzugsweise auf der Haut oder der Schleimhaut. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and inosine, and mixtures of the above-mentioned substances for the local treatment of pain. The local application is preferably carried out on the skin or the mucous membrane.

Mit den Verbindungen und Arzneimitteln dieser Erfindung kann neuropathischer Schmerz behandelt werden. Besonders vorteilhaft ist der Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen und Arzneimittel, wenn es sich bei dem Schmerz um eine Allodynie handelt. Neuropathic pain can be treated with the compounds and drugs of this invention. Particularly advantageous is the use of the compounds according to the invention and pharmaceuticals, when the pain is an allodynia.

Weitere Schmerzformen, zu deren Behandlung die Verbindungen und Arzneimittel dieser Erfindung vorzugsweise eingesetzt werden können sind Arthrosen, Arthritiden, Wundschmerz, Ruheschmerz, Hyperalgesie, Allodynie, Phantomschmerz, akute und die postherpetische Neuralgie, Trigeminusneuralgie, bei der diabetischen Polyneuropathie auftretende Schmerzen, Sensibilitätsstörungen, komplexes regionales Schmerzsyndrom, neuropathische Schmerzen und myofasziales und femoropatellares Schmerzsyndrom. Other forms of pain for which the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of this invention can be preferably used are arthrosis, arthritis, sore pain, rest pain, hyperalgesia, allodynia, phantom pain, acute and postherpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, pain occurring in diabetic polyneuropathy, sensory disorders, complex regional Pain syndrome, neuropathic pain and myofascial and femoropatellar pain syndrome.

Bei den Arzneimitteln dieser Erfindung kann es sich um eine Salbe, eine Creme, ein Gel, eine Paste oder ein wirkstoffhaltiges Pflaster handeln. Ferner kann das Arzneimittel auch in Form eines Pulvers, Puders, einer Lösung, Emulsion, Suspension oder eines Schaums bereitgestellt werden. The medicaments of this invention may be an ointment, cream, gel, paste or medicated plaster. Further, the drug may also be provided in the form of a powder, powder, solution, emulsion, suspension or foam.

Weitere bevorzugte Darreichungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Arzneimittels sind Suppositorien, Rektalkapseln, Lösungen, Emulsionen und Suspensionen zur rektalen Anwendung; Tabletten zur Herstellung von Lösungen, Emulsionen und Suspensionen zur rektalen Anwendung, Rektalsalben, Rektalgele und Rektalcremes, rektal anzuwendende Schäume oder arzneistoffhaltige Rektaltampons. Further preferred administration forms of the medicament according to the invention are suppositories, rectal capsules, solutions, emulsions and suspensions for rectal administration; Tablets for the preparation of solutions, emulsions and suspensions for rectal use, rectal ointments, rectal gels and rectal creams, rectally applied foams or drug-containing rectal tampons.

Weitere bevorzugte Darreichungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Arzneimittels sind Pessare, Vaginaltabletten, Vaginalkapseln, Lösungen, Emulsionen und Suspensionen zur vaginalen Anwendung, Tabletten zur Herstellung von Lösungen, Emulsionen und Suspensionen zur vaginalen Anwendung, Vaginalsalben, Vaginalgele und Vaginalcremes, Vaginal anzuwendende Schäume oder arzneistoffhaltige Vaginaltampons. Further preferred dosage forms of the medicament according to the invention are pessaries, vaginal tablets, vaginal capsules, solutions, emulsions and suspensions for vaginal administration, tablets for the preparation of solutions, emulsions and suspensions for vaginal application, vaginal ointments, vaginal gels and vaginal creams, vaginal foams or medicinal vaginal tampons.

Weitere bevorzugte Darreichungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Arzneimittels sind Augentropfen, Augenbäder, halbfeste Zubereitungen zur Anwendung am Auge, Pulver zur Herstellung von Augentropfen und Augenbäder sowie Inserte. Weitere bevorzugte Darreichungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Arzneimittels zur Behandlung von Schmerz im Gastrointestinaltrakt sind Tabletten, Kapseln, orale osmotische Systeme, Granulate, Suspensionen, Sirupe, Pulver oder Pellets mit schneller oder modifizierter Wirkstofffreisetzung. Further preferred administration forms of the medicament according to the invention are eye drops, eye baths, semi-solid preparations for use on the eye, powders for producing eye drops and eye baths, and inserts. Further preferred dosage forms of the medicament according to the invention for the treatment of pain in the gastrointestinal tract are tablets, capsules, oral osmotic systems, granules, suspensions, syrups, powders or pellets with rapid or modified release of active ingredient.

Weitere bevorzugte Darreichungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Arzneimittels zur Lokaltherapie von Schmerz in der Mundhöhle sind orodispersible Tabletten, Schmelztabletten, Kautabletten, medizinische Kaugummis Bukkaltabletten, Sublingualtabletten, Pulver, Lösungen, Suspensionen, Tropfen, Säfte, Sirupe, Kapseln, Granulate, Pellets, Wafer und Pflaster mit schneller oder modifizierter Wirkstofffreisetzung. Other preferred dosage forms of the drug of the invention for the local treatment of pain in the oral cavity are orodispersible tablets, orodispersible tablets, chewable tablets, medicinal chewing gum buccal tablets, sublingual tablets, powders, solutions, suspensions, drops, juices, syrups, capsules, granules, pellets, wafers and patches with faster or modified drug release.

Besonders bevorzugte Hilfsstoffe im Arzneimittel dieser Erfindung sind Carmellose- Natrium, Hydroxethylceilulose, Glycerol und Kaliumsorbat; diese Hilfsstoffe können einzeln oder in Kombination in dem erfindungsgemäßen Arzneimittel eingesetzt werden. Weitere bevorzugte Hilfsstoffe, die einzeln oder gemeinsam im erfindungsgemäßen Arzneimittel vorhanden sein können, sind Wollwachsalkohole (Ph.Eur.), Sorbitan- und/oder Glycerolmonooleat und gelbes Vaselin. Particularly preferred excipients in the pharmaceutical composition of this invention are carmellose sodium, hydroxyethyl cellulose, glycerol and potassium sorbate; These excipients may be used alone or in combination in the pharmaceutical composition of the invention. Further preferred excipients which may be present individually or together in the medicament according to the invention are wool wax alcohols (Ph.Eur.), Sorbitan and / or glycerol monooleate and yellow Vaseline.

Diese Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zur Behandlung eines Lebewesens, insbesondere eines Menschen, das an Schmerzen, insbesondere neuropathischen Schmerzen, leidet mit den erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen. This invention also relates to a method of treating a subject, especially a human suffering from pain, especially neuropathic pain, with the compounds of the invention.

Die folgenden Beispiele dienen zur näheren Erläuterung der Erfindung ohne sie jedoch einzuschränken. The following examples serve to illustrate the invention without limiting it.

Beispiel 1 example 1

Aus 0,25 g Adenosin, 3,0 g Carmellose-Natrium, 5,0 g Glycerol 85%, 0,05 g Kaliumsorbat und 41 ,70 g gereinigtem Wasser wird ein Hydrogel mit einem Gehalt an Adenosin von 0,5 Gew.-% hergestellt. From 0.25 g adenosine, 3.0 g carmellose sodium, 5.0 g glycerol 85%, 0.05 g potassium sorbate and 41, 70 g purified water is added a hydrogel containing adenosine of 0.5% by weight. % manufactured.

Nach Auftragen des Gels auf die intakte Haut eines gesunden Probanden wird auch nach im Abstand von jeweils 4 Stunden viermal wiederholter Anwendung von jeweils 1 g Gel auf einer Hautfläche von 25 cm2 keine anästhetische Wirkung und keine Hautreizung in Form einer Rötung oder eines Juckreizes beobachtet. Dyspnoe, Brustschmerz, Übelkeit, Kopfschmerzen oder Schwindel treten nicht auf. Beispiel 2 After application of the gel to the intact skin of a healthy volunteer, an anesthetic effect and no skin irritation in the form of a redness or an itching is observed even after four times repeated application of 1 g gel on a skin area of 25 cm 2 every 4 hours. Dyspnoea, chest pain, nausea, headache or dizziness do not occur. Example 2

Bei der Anwendung von ca. 1 g des Gels aus Beispiel 1 auf die von einer ausgeprägten großflächigen Allodynie betroffene Hautareal einer Patientin mit CRPS nach Unterarmfraktur zeigte sich innerhalb einer Stunde nach erstmaliger Applikation eine zwei bis drei Stunden anhaltende sehr deutliche Minderung der Allodynie um drei Punkte auf der Numerischen Rating Skala (NRS) von 7/10 (sieben von zehn) auf 4/10 (vier von zehn) NRS. Die deutliche Schmerzlinderung ließ sich bei wiederholtem Auftragen des Gels aus Beispiel 1 über mehrere Tagen jeweils sicher reproduzieren. Unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen wie Dyspnoe, Brustschmerz, Übelkeit, Kopfschmerzen oder Schwindel traten nicht auf. In the application of about 1 g of the gel of Example 1 to the affected by a pronounced large allodynia skin area of a patient with CRPS after forearm fracture showed within one hour after the first application for two to three hours lasting very significant reduction in allodynia by three points on the numerical rating scale (NRS) from 7/10 (seven out of ten) to 4/10 (four out of ten) NRS. The significant alleviation of pain was reliably reproduced with repeated application of the gel from Example 1 over several days. Undesirable effects such as dyspnoea, chest pain, nausea, headache or dizziness did not occur.

Beispiel 3 Example 3

Bei der Anwendung von ca. 0,25 g des Gels aus Beispiel 1 auf den von einer ausgeprägten Allodynie betroffenen Mittelfinger eines Patienten mit CRPS nach Radiusfraktur zeigte sich kurze Zeit nach erstmaliger Applikation eine sehr starke Minderung der Allodynie von 6/10 NRS auf 1/10 NRS die mehr als 8 Stunden anhielt. Der Patient erfuhr über die gesamte Beobachtungsdauer von 14 Tagen durch zweimal tägliche Applikation des Gels aus Beispiel 1 diese sehr starke Schmerzlinderung von 6/10 auf 1/10 NRS. Unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen wie Dyspnoe, Brustschmerz, Übelkeit, Kopfschmerzen oder Schwindel traten nicht auf. When using about 0.25 g of the gel of Example 1 on the affected by a pronounced allodynia middle finger of a patient with CRPS after radius fracture showed a short time after first application, a very strong reduction in allodynia from 6/10 NRS to 1 / 10 NRS that lasted more than 8 hours. The patient experienced this very strong pain relief from 6/10 to 1/10 NRS over the entire observation period of 14 days by twice daily application of the gel of Example 1. Undesirable effects such as dyspnoea, chest pain, nausea, headache or dizziness did not occur.

Beispiel 4 Example 4

Aus 2,5 g Adenosin, 1 ,5 g Hydroxethylcellulose 6000, 5,0 g Glycerol 85%, 0,05 g Kaliumsorbat und 40,95 g gereinigtem Wasser wird ein Hydrogei mit einem Gehalt an Adenosin von 5 Gew.-% hergestellt. From 2.5 g of adenosine, 1.5 g of hydroxyethyl cellulose 6000, 5.0 g of glycerol 85%, 0.05 g of potassium sorbate and 40.95 g of purified water, a hydrogei with a content of 5% by weight of adenosine is prepared.

Bei der Anwendung von ca. 0,5 g des Gels auf die von einer ausgeprägten großflächigen Allodynie betroffene Hautareal der Patientin von Beispiel 2 zeigte sich innerhalb einer Stunde nach erstmaliger Applikation eine mindestens 4 Stunden anhaltende sehr deutliche Minderung der Allodynie um fünf Punkte auf der Numerischen Rating Skala (NRS) von 7/10 auf 2/10 NRS. Die deutliche Schmerzlinderung ließ sich bei wiederholtem Auftragen des Gels über mehrere Tagen jeweils sicher reproduzieren. Unerwünschte Ne- benwirkungen wie Dyspnoe, Brustschmerz, Übelkeit, Kopfschmerzen oder Schwindel traten nicht auf. When approximately 0.5 g of the gel was applied to the skin area of the patient of example 2 affected by pronounced large-area allodynia, a very significant reduction in allodynia of at least 4 hours was observed on the numerical scale within one hour after the first application Rating scale (NRS) from 7/10 to 2/10 NRS. The significant pain relief could be reliably reproduced with repeated application of the gel over several days. Unwanted Ne- adverse reactions such as dyspnoea, chest pain, nausea, headache or dizziness did not occur.

Beispiel 5 Example 5

Nach Auftragen des Gels aus Beispiel 4 auf die intakte Haut eines gesunden Probanden wird auch nach im Abstand von jeweils 4 Stunden viermal wiederholter Anwendung von jeweils 1 g Creme auf einer Hautfläche von 25 cm2 keine anästhetische Wirkung und keine Hautreizung in Form einer Rötung oder eines Juckreizes beobachtet. Dyspnoe, Brustschmerz, Übelkeit, Kopfschmerzen oder Schwindel treten nicht auf. After application of the gel of Example 4 on the intact skin of a healthy volunteer after four hours at intervals of four hours four times repeated application of 1 g cream on a skin area of 25 cm 2 no anesthetic effect and no skin irritation in the form of redness or Itching observed. Dyspnoea, chest pain, nausea, headache or dizziness do not occur.

Beispiel 6 Example 6

Aus 5 g Adenosin, 1 ,25 g Wollwachsalkohole (Ph.Eur.), 1 ,50 g Sorbitan- und From 5 g of adenosine, 1.25 g of wool wax alcohols (Ph.Eur.), 1.50 g of sorbitan and

Glycero!monooleat (Rofetan W/O DAC Emulgator) und 42,25 g gelbes Vaselin wird eine Salbe mit einem Gehalt an Adenosin von 10 Gew.-% hergestellt. Glycerol monooleate (Rofetan W / O DAC emulsifier) and 42.25 g of yellow vaseline, an ointment containing 10% by weight of adenosine is prepared.

Nach Auftragen der Salbe auf die intakte Haut eines gesunden Probanden wird auch nach im Abstand von jeweils 4 Stunden viermal wiederholter Anwendung von jeweils 1 g Salbe auf einer Hautfläche von 25 cm2 keine anästhetische Wirkung und keine Hautreizung in Form einer Rötung oder eines Juckreizes beobachtet. Dyspnoe, Brustschmerz, Übelkeit, Kopfschmerzen oder Schwindel treten nicht auf. After application of the ointment to the intact skin of a healthy subject, no anesthetic effect and no skin irritation in the form of a reddening or an itching is observed even after 4 times repeated application of each 1 g of ointment on a skin area of 25 cm 2 . Dyspnoea, chest pain, nausea, headache or dizziness do not occur.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims 1. Verbindung der Formeln (I) oder (II) 1. Compound of the formulas (I) or (II)
Figure imgf000019_0001
Formel (I)
Figure imgf000019_0001
Formula (I)
Figure imgf000019_0002
Formel (II) wobei Y ausgewählt ist aus Imin-, Amin-, Hydroxy- und Oxo-Gruppe;
Figure imgf000019_0002
Formula (II) wherein Y is selected from imine, amine, hydroxy and oxo group;
X ausgewählt ist aus Hydroxy-, C2- bis Ci2-Carbonsäureester-, Monophosphat-, Diphosphat- und Triphosphat-Gruppe sowie einem cyclischen Ester eines o- nophosphates zwischen X und Z; und Z ausgewählt ist aus Wasserstoff, d- bis C5-Alkyl, C2- bis C12-Carbonsäureester sowie einem cyclischen Ester eines Monophosphates zwischen X und Z; und X is selected from hydroxy, C 2 - to C 2 -Carbonsäureester-, monophosphate, diphosphate, and triphosphate group and a cyclic ester of o- nophosphates between X and Z; and Z is selected from hydrogen, C 1 to C 5 alkyl, C 2 to C 12 carboxylic acid ester and a cyclic ester of a monophosphate between X and Z; and R ausgewählt ist aus Wasserstoff, C bis C5-Alkyl und C2- bis Ci2- Carbonsäureester; zur Verwendung in einem Verfahren zur lokalen Behandlung von Schmerz. C is R selected from hydrogen, to C 5 alkyl and C 2 - to C 2 - Carbonsäureester; for use in a method for the local treatment of pain.
2. Verbindung nach Anspruch 1 , wobei die Behandlung eine topische Schmerzbehandlung ist. The compound of claim 1, wherein the treatment is a topical pain treatment. 3. Verbindung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Schmerz ein neuropathischer Schmerz ist. A compound according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the pain is a neuropathic pain. 4. Verbindungen nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei R Wasserstoff ist und Y ausgewählt ist aus Oxo- und Aminogruppe. 4. Compounds according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein R is hydrogen and Y is selected from oxo and amino group. 5. Arzneimittel umfassend eine Verbindung der Formeln (I) oder (II) 5. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the formulas (I) or (II)
Figure imgf000020_0001
Formel (I)
Figure imgf000021_0001
Forme) (II) wobei Y ausgewählt ist aus Imin-, Amin-, Hydroxy- und Oxo-Gruppe;
Figure imgf000020_0001
Formula (I)
Figure imgf000021_0001
Forme) (II) wherein Y is selected from imine, amine, hydroxy and oxo group;
X ausgewählt ist aus Hydroxy-, C2- bis C^-Carbonsäureester-, Monophosphat-, Diphosphat- und Triphosphat-Gruppe sowie einem cyclischen Ester eines Mo- nophosphates zwischen X und Z; und X is selected from hydroxy, C 2 - to C ^ -Carbonsäureester-, monophosphate, diphosphate and triphosphate group and a cyclic ester of a monophosphate between X and Z; and Z ausgewählt ist aus Wasserstoff, C bis C5-Alkyl, C2- bis Ci2-Carbonsäureester sowie einem cyclischen Ester eines Monophosphates zwischen X und Z; und Z is selected from hydrogen, C 5 to C 5 alkyl, C 2 to C 12 carboxylic acid ester and a cyclic ester of a monophosphate between X and Z; and R ausgewählt ist aus Wasserstoff, d- bis C5-Alkyl und C2- bis C12- Carbonsäureester; wobei das Arzneimittel zur topischen Anwendung bestimmt ist. R is selected from hydrogen, C 1 to C 5 alkyl and C 2 to C 12 carboxylic acid ester; wherein the drug is for topical use.
6. Arzneimittel nach Anspruch 5, wobei das Arzneimittel ein Pulver, ein Puder, eine Lösung, eine Emulsion, eine Suspension oder ein Schaum ist. 6. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 5, wherein the drug is a powder, a powder, a solution, an emulsion, a suspension or a foam. 7. Arzneimitte! nach Anspruch 5 in Form einer Salbe, eines Gels, einer Creme, einer Paste oder eines wirkstoffhaltigen Pflasters. 7. Medicines! according to claim 5 in the form of an ointment, a gel, a cream, a paste or a medicated plaster. 8. Arzneimittel nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, wobei die Verbindung in einem Anteil von wenigstens 0,001 Gew.-% darin enthalten ist. 8. A pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the compound is contained in a proportion of at least 0.001 wt .-% therein. 9. Arzneimittel nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, wobei die Verbindung in einem Anteil von höchstens 99 Gew.-% darin enthalten ist. 9. Medicament according to at least one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the compound in a proportion of at most 99 wt .-% is contained therein. 10. Verbindung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 oder Arzneimittel nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 9, wobei die Verbindung ausgewählt ist aus Adenosin, 10. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or a pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the compound is selected from adenosine, Adenosinmonophosphat, Adenosindiphosphat, Adenosintriphosphat, cyclischem Adenosinmonophosphat, Inosin und Mischungen daraus sowie Salzen, Isomeren und Derivaten dieser Verbindungen.  Adenosine monophosphate, adenosine diphosphate, adenosine triphosphate, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, inosine and mixtures thereof and salts, isomers and derivatives of these compounds. 11. Verfahren zur Behandlung eines Lebewesens, das unter Schmerzen leidet, umfassend den Schritt a. Verabreichung einer Verbindung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 oder eines Arzneimittels nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 9 an das Lebewesen. 11. A method of treating a subject suffering from pain, comprising the step a. Administration of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or a pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 5 to 9 to the subject.
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